TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 10 (Part I) AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1884 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAE~ BY BYT. LIEUT. COL ROBERT N. SCOTT, THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY, AND PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED JUNE 16, 1880. SERIES IVOLUME XIN TWO PARTS. PART 1.REPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1884 Page R002 7+ 4~& ~1~ Page R003 PREFACE. By an act approved June 23, 1874, Congress made an appropriation to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confed- erate Armies, and directed him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations for continuing such preparation have been made from time to time, and the act approved June 16, 1880, has provided for the printing and binding, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a compilation of the Official Records (Union and Con- federate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number, 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive Departments. * This compilation will be the first general publication of the military records of the war, and will embrace all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Volume I to V distributed under act approved June 16, 1850. The, act approved August 7, 1882, provides that The volumes of the official records of the war of the rebellion shall be distribo ted as follows: One thousand copies to the executive departments, as now provided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be senlv by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organizations, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty- seventh Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceeding twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the pub- lication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Delegates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives or Delegates, who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent. II Page R004 Iv PREFACE. The publication will present the records in the following order of arrangement: The 1st Series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Con- federate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all military operations in the field, with the correspond- ence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and several theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be imme- diately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, & c., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The 2d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The 3d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate officials) not relating specially to the subjects of the fir8t and 8600nd series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General-in Chief; and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State authorities. The 4th Series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the 4 Union officials, as of the third 8eries, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and confederate authorities given in that series. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Major, Third Art., and Bvt. l2ieut. Col. WAR DEPARTMENT, Augu8t 23, 1880. Approved: ALEX. RAMSEY, & oretar~ of War Table of Contents Page R005 CONTENTS. CHAP1~E~ XXII. Pago. Operations in Kentucky, Tonnessee, North Mis8ie8ippi, North Alabama, and Southwe8t Virginia. March 4-Juno 10, 1862 1-927 (v Page R006 Additions and Corrections Page A001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION:, A COMPILATION 01? TilE OFFICIAL RECORD ~ N~~/ 4. OF TILE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADDITIONS ANI) COIU{EUTIONS TO SERIES IVOLUME X. (To be inserted in 1 he volume. I~or explniiatiou see General Index volume, Serial ~o. 130, pa~e XXVIII.) PUBLIShED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTH, CHIEF OF THE RECORD ANI) PENSION OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, ANI) MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY. Mr. JOHN S. MOODEY, Iiidexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINT1N~I OFFICE. 1902 Page A002 2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. PART i. Page io. Hayes first report, thirteenth line, for Robinsons read Robertsons. Page 46. Neelys report,, sixteenth line, for Polk read Pope,; seventeenth line, for De Goat read Bacot. Page So. Twenty-fifth line, top, for Dobson read Dawson. Page 103. After (i.) Col. N. C. Williams insert (Wounded). Page uS. Twenty-fifth line, top, insert [seven/h?] after six/h. Twentieth line, bottom, for again read gain. Nineteenth line, bottom, Lor columns read column. Page 19. Twenty-sixth line, top, insert by you after ordered. Page 121. Thirtieth line, top, for managed read maneuvered. Thirty-fonrth line, top, for respectfully read respectively. Sixteenth line, bottom, for Hare read Hall. Page 129. Eleventh line, bottom, erase the period after ac/ion and insert a comma insert a period after April, beginning new sentence with He. Last line, after ac/cd, add Number cngagcd on the first day, ~oo. Page 132. Thirty-second line, top, for i/ read we. Page u~. Eighteenth line, bottom, for Sunday read Tuesday Page 170. Eighth line, bottom, for formed read forwa rd. Page 171. Tenth line, top, for re/urn read turn. Page 172. Twelfth line, top, for moved read removed. Page 198. Last line, afterfoe and before ~, insert Our casual/ics are as follows. Page 201. Forces report, third line, for Fifty-first read Eighty-first. Page 206. Eleventh line, bottom, insert the before line. Page 224. Eleventh line, top, for Tweuty-ezg-hth read Twenty-fifth. Page 254. Erase foot-note No/found and insert See Plate io, lIfap 10, of/he A/las. Page 257. Stnarts report, tenth line, for Back read Bark. Page 292. Twenty-eighth line, bottom, for grew read drew. Page 294. Eleventh line, top, for fields readfield. Page 344. Seventh line, bottom, for were on the, etc., read one on the, etc. Page 382. Second foot-note, for Tomlisons read Tomlinsons. Page 410. Third line, top, for M. L. Smith read A!. J. Smith. Fifth line, top, for has read had. Page 417. Nineteenth line, bottom, erase [?J after Gilbreath. Eighteenth line, bottom, insert [gist Alabama] after Kentucky arid before regiment. Page 436. Ninth line, top, for W. P. Hutchison read T. R. Hutcherson. Page 472. Second foot-note shonld read: No other mention of a Captain Trabues battery can be found. The reference, evidently, is to Cobbs Kentucky Battery. Burns Mississz 5pi Battery should read Byrnes Mississzppi Battery. Page 479. Eleventh and seventeenth lines, top, for Burns read Byrnes. Page 529. Report No. u86, caption, for li/a]. [?] read Capt. Page 535. In casnalty table, killed, for 865 read 86. Page 558. Thirty-third line, bottom, erase us and the comnma. Page 576. Harveys report, fifth line, for Collins read Colliers. Page 603. Twentieth line, bottom, for Comnpany C read Comnpany G. Page 613. Breckinridges report, eleventh line, for from read form. Pages 614, 615, 619621. Erase [Fifty-second?], wherever it occnrs. Page 745. Erase foot-note and insert See Plate 13, Map 2, of the Atlas. Page 774. Foot-notes, erase * and insert t; erase t and insert ~ Page A003 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 3 Page 787. Reichards Brigade, for Burnells ba//cry read Burnels ba//cry (Orleans Guard Ar/illery). Page 789. Jacksons Brigade, insert Geo;gia after LIur/zoells and before ba//cry. First Division, Second Brigade, for Brig. Ge,;. P. 0. Hiberl read Gol. Louis Hiberl. Dockerys Brigade, for McGairns read McGarve,-s. Page 867. Pells report, caption, for Firs/ read Six/k. Page 889. Insert [Cincinnali] after Garondelel, wherever it occurs. Page 893. Fifth line, bottom, insert after Railroad the following: Three hundred men from Ike Nm/k Brigade, under command of Golonel Ly/le, marched lo Winckes/er on /he iS/k and re/urned on Ike 2//k. Page 894. Fifth line, top, erase 300 mcii from Ike Nm/k Brigade, under command of Golonel Ly/le. Page 974. Strike out both foot-notes. Page 975. Tenth line, top, insert Regimen/s before isl. PART 2. Page 12. Sherman to Halleck, first communication, fifth line, for Wken read Where. Page 22. Buell to Halleck, second line, for I can move, etc., read The enemy can move, etc. Page 39. Buell to Halleck, twelfth line, for leave Ike enemy read have many, and insert a period after advan/ages; also insert As beforefor, and for and whenever read wherever, thirteenth line, for fully read pre//y, fourteenth line, insert low dowii after him and before I. Page 45. Ninth line, bottom, for a/ Sain/ Louis read /o Sain/ Louis. Page 48. Buell to Halleck, second communication, tenth line, for I may be delayed Ihere read ThaI a/ Columbia will, Ifear, delay inc. Page 89. Grant to Nelson, date line, for April3 read April ~. Page 95. Grant to Commanding Officer Advance Forces, second line, for in read on, fifth line, for moi-e read a iiiove. Page 96. Grant to Buell, sixth line, for and subjecI read or subjecI; last line, for on read oul. Page 121. Eleventh line, bottom, for Twen/y-nin/h read Tkir/y-nin/h. Page 149. Johnsons Brigade, for W. H. Grison read W. H. Gibson. Page 163. Fourteenth line, top, for /a//ooed read /a//ered. Page m66. Eleventh line, top, for Osage read Goosa. Page 260. Sherman to Kelton, nineteenth line, for Pur/ies read Por/ers. Page 285. Buell to Stanton, fourth line, for source read sense; eighth line, for posilion read policy, eleventh line, for /hrea/en prepara/ions read /hrealening proportions. Page 307. Organization table, for Gibsons (Georgia) ba//ery, GapI. 0. C. Gibson, read Gibsons (Louisiana) ba//ery, Cap/. Claude Gibsoii. Page 322. Erase foot-note and insert See Series I, Vol. 52, ParI 2, p. 286. Page 323. Eleventh line, bottom, for (ainerons read (amron s. Page 354. Special Orders, No. 66, date line, for March 21 read March 22. Page 369. Second foot-note, for March 21 read March 22. Page 393. Eighth line, top, for free read full. Page 432. Clay to Commanding Officer, Clinton, Tenn., date line, for April ii read April 21. Page 433. Last communication, address, for Daniel S. Johnson read Daiiiel S. Doiielson. Page 434. Special Orders, No. 42, for D. S. Johnsoii read D. S. Doiielson Page A004 4 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Page 443. Special Orders, No. 46, change Paragraph II to VI. Page 445. Third and thirteenth lines, bottom, for Pereys read Peerys. Page 446. Nineteenth line, top, for McDaniels read McDanolds. Page 461. Jacksons Brigade, for Bur/wells (Alabama) ba//ery read Bur/wells (Georgia) ba//cry. Page 462. Rusts Brigade, for [22d] Arkansas read [20/k] Arkansas; for Arkansas read [z9/h] Arkansas. Page 495. Missouri Troops, Army of the West, for Clarks ba//alion read C[arks squadron; for Tee/s [Texas] read Tulls [Missouri]. Page 517. Bacot to Donelson, postscript, for Mulva read Milner. Page 55o. Hawes Brigade, second line, insert [49/h?] after 3sS/. Page 573. Leadhetters Brigade, for Cap/. B. W. Leu/ys read Cap/. Bur/on Lenlys, insert S/ames Regimen/ Tennessee Cavalry to follow Mar- graves Sappers and Miners. Stevensons Brigade, insert Lieu/. Col. j E. Car/er after 3d Ba//alion Tennessee Cavalry; for Geisler read Giesler, and for Yeizers and Yeizer read Yeisers and Yeiser. Page 574. Rosser to Ruggles, first communication, fourth line, for /wo read /oo. Address of last communication, for General Bragg read General Beauregard. Page ~ Beauregard to Polk, fifth line, for fur/ker read fu/ure. Page ~88. Braggs communication of June ~, 1862, 11.30 p. in., address, erase [General Beauregard] and insert Col. A. R. Ckisolm, A. D. C. Page 669. Strike out foot-note. INDEX. Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that Additions and corrections to the text should he consulted. References are to parts of volume. Part. A agesen [Aagessen], Nicholas S Alabama Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: [Burnets, 787] * [Burtwells, 461, 549] cavalrycompanies: C~rocheron Liglzt Dragoons [Smiths] Parishs [Farrishs] Tom/jasons, 382,* 471, 530,531 InfantryBattalions: [ioth (clifton), 621] Cliftons, 621 [4th] Infantry--Regiments: 26th (Co/tart) 3ist (Ha/e), 417* [[52d]] 3sst (Ha/e), ~ 581] gist (Hand/cy), 573, g8i Alexander, J. L [J.] Anderson, Benjamin M Arkansas Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: Anstons [Austins [Triggs?]] InfantryBattalions: 7th (Desha) Jones, B., ist [8th] InfantryRegiments: z5th (Hobbs), 789 [21st, 789] xgth (McRae) [lIst (McRae)] i5th (Batten) . .. 20th (King, G. W) 20th (King, G. W.) [22d (King)] 31St (Mc Cray) 2 2 2 2 2 2 Ayers [Ayres], I,. N Baldwin, Philemon P. [G.] Barnette [Barnett], J. B Barton, Lientenant, 559; Barton, S. M., [ss~]. Bassett, F. M. [Mr.] Baylor, George W Baynon, John [Beynon, Lieutenant] Beauregard, G. T. correspondence with Fremanx [Fremeaux], I,. J Porter, Edward P. [D.] Trezevant, John [James] T Van Dorn, Earl, 574* Bell, Leroy S. [ ] Bett [Bet], Emma, Steamboat B/ackmar [Blackman], Edwin c Blair, A. A. [captain] Boomer, George B Bowman [Bownman], T. c Bradley, Joseph C [E.] Bragg, Braxton. correspondence with Van Dorn, Earl, [574]* Brode [Brodie], Otto Brown, C H. [Gunner] Bndd, George W [ ] Buell, Don carlos. correspondence with Sher/ey, Z. M. [Shirley, I,. M.] Burt, H Seymoar [lieutenant] caldwell, J. G. [c.] cappell, Peter [William] Part. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 I Page A005 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. Cates, HeuryJ. [Lieutenant] Cavenagh [Cavanaugh], W. C I Cecil, William P. [Captain] 2 Chaftie [Chaffee], 0. P Chilcuti [Chilcut], 3. W I Cincinnati [Carondelet], U. S. S., 889 * Clingan, Judge K. [R.] I Cochran, Thomas M. [Lieutenant] 2 Coffey [Coffee], William A 2 Colman [Coleman], William D Colonel [General] Lovell, C. S. S I Confederate Troops. CavalryRegiments: [Ist, 867~869]* I 6th, 867~869* I InfantryRegiments: [1st, 658] Cook, 0., 627 [Cooke, 0., 627] Corinth, Miss. Advance upon, etc., April 29June io, 1862. Sketches, 587 2 Cornman, Augustus H. [F.] I Crump, B. [R.] S I Cummins, Hiram F. [Mr.] Cuny [Curry], R. H I Cypress Creek Bridge, Tenn. Burning of. Reports of Pell, James A Darrough [Dorrough], William M Davies, Samuel W [Davis, S. W.] Davies, Thomas A., 678; Davis, Jefferson C., [678] Davison [Davidson], William H Dawson, Rebecca P, 8o * I Dean, M. W. [Mr.] 2 Delancy, James C., 889 [Delancy, J. C., 889]. Deshazo, Cf [I.] I Deslonde, E. A I Du Bois, J. V. [D.] 2 Duplessis [Duplesier], Frank East Tennessee. Operations in. Communications from Gunter, R. C. [Mr.] 2 Emma Bett [Bet], Steamhoat 2 Evans, Samuel H Falconer [Folmer], Howard Fister, Henry [Lieutenant] 2 Fremaux [Fremeaux], L.J 2 Fugelt, Godolphus C. [Fugitt, George C.] .... Gallup [Gallop], George w Georgia Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: Burtwells-Girardeys, 789 * Burtwells-Girardeys, 461* 549 2 Cherokee (Yeiser) [(Yeizer)] 2 [Gihsons, 307]* 2 InfantryRegiments: 36th, 605 2 Gilbreath, Montgomery [Galhreath, Lieuten- ant-Colonel] Gilmore, Hattie, Stea,ner [Hetty, Stearnhoat] Givin [Given], James Gordon, M. L., 627 [Gerom, M. L., 627] Green, Ben]amin H., ]r. [Sergeant] Grund, Philip [R.] Gunter, Rufus C. [Mr.] 2 Part. Gunter, S. [F.] M Hall, William, 121 * Hamilton, 0. P.[(?)] Handy, B. F Harding, W. L [Lieutenant] Harper, James W [Captain] 2 Hartnett, C. ~ [Private] Harvey, R. F. [T.] Hastings, Thomas D. [ ] 2 Hawkins, Joseph G. [El H6hert, Louis [Paul 0.] Hedgpeth, Isaac N. [Hedgepeth, Captain] ... 2 Hedrick, John M. [Thomas H.] Helveti, Francis M. [W.] 2 Henderson, Thomas H. [A.] Hendrickson, H. [W.] A Hewit [Hewitt], Henry S 1, 2 Hughes, James [Corporal] Hunter, Jason H. [Captain] 2 Hutcherson, 7. R. [Hutchinson, W. P.] Illinois Troops. CavalryRegiments: 7th, 122 InfantryRegiments: 7th, [122] Indiana Troops. InfantryRegiments: [28th, 224]* Iowa Troops. CavalryRegiments: 2d, 122 InfantryRegiments: 2d, [122] J. D. Perry, Steamboat, us Jackson, Claihorne F. [E.] lanes [James], John W Johnsen [Johnson], C. G John Warner, Steamer, 178 Jones,JohnJ. [William 0.] Kauffman, Alhert B Kearny [Kearney], William Kelly [Kelley], Louis D Kelly [Kelley], Sol. W Kentucky Troops (C.). ArtilleryBatteries: [Byrnes,* 384, 467, 472, 479, 515, 614617, 62o, 621] [Byrnes,* 400, ~~o] CavalryBattalions: Kings, [t] InfantryRegiments: 5th (Hunt), [40] 5th (Williams), 40 Kinchloe [Kincheloe], D. A King, R. I. [T.] Lakin, James H Landram, William [John] 3 Langdon, Bassett [E. B.] Latimer, Mulford [Milford] M Lawler, A. [N.] Leadhetter, Danville. Correspondence with Gunter, R. C. [Mr.] Lejeune, Ovid [A.] Levanway, Charles N. [H.] Lewellen, TkomasJ. [Privatel 2 2 I 2 2 2 2 I I I I I I I 2 I 2 2 I Page A006 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. LHommedieu, Samuel [Dr.] Louisiana Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: Gibsons,go~* 2 Orleans Guard (Ducatel), [402] 2 Orleans Guard (Ducatel-Buri. t), 787 I EngineersRyans, 476 2 InfantryBattalions: Orleans Guard, 402 2 Love, , 5, 32 [532] I~ovell, Colonel [General]. CS. S Lytle, William H., 893 [894] * MeCamphell, James A McCauley, J. [Private] McClerkin, L. C I MeCune, Alexander [Lieutenant] I McDonald, Robert [MacDonald, Emmett] 2 McDowell, Malcolm [Major] 2 McElderry, John S. [MeKelvey, Lieutenant]. McKee, Robert, 6w [McKee, Robert W., 620] 1 McKnight, M. [W.] W Magoffin, Beriah [H.] 2 Maness, Alexander [Captain] 2 Manifold, John [W.] Marlow, William [Private] Marr, Thomas [Private] Marrs [Mars], John Marsehalk, Frank [ ] Marshall, Humphrey. Orders, series 1862. See Eastern Kentucky, Army of Mason, Elihu H ihfastin [Maston], Charles J Mathis, Louis or Martin [Private] 1 Matthies [Matthis], C. L Meyer, Wendolin [Wandelin] Michigan Troops. CavalryRegiments: 2d,122 2 3d,122 2 InfantryRegiments: [2d, 122] 2 [3d, 122] 2 Mills, J. R. [Private] Milner, Henry [Captain] I Afilner, Henry [Mulva, Captain] 2 Mississippi Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: Byrnes, 384, 467,472, 479, 515, 614617, 620, 621 Byrnes, 400, 550 . 2 NOTEConsolidated, May 2, 1862, with Cobbs Kentucky Battery. CavalryCompanies: Fords, 6o8 2 CavalryRegiments: Harmans, 6o8 2 InfantryRegiments: 33d (Ha rdcastle), [6o8] 2 33d(Hurst),608 2 Missouri Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: Bowmans, 589 2 Harris, 589 - McDonalds (Robert), 589 2 Tulls,495* 2 Part. Mitchel, Edwin W. [E. M.] 2 Mitchell, John J. [Mr.] Mitchell, William G I Montgomery, James R I Moore, William 0. [Adjutant] 2 Morgan, Charlton H I, 2 Morton, George H. [Captain] I Munch, Marcellus, 288; Munday, Reuben, [288] 2 Mussey, William H. [Francis B.] Nabers, J. F. [E.] . Noel, C T. [Captain] Northcutt [Northcott], J. R Nott, H. J. [Sergeant-Major] Ohio Troops. InfantryRegiments: [29th, 121]* 2 39th, 121* 2 Parker, F. S., jr Patterson, iharles F [Lieutenant-Colonel].. Pell, James A Porter, B. F. [L.] Porter, Ed. F. [D.] 2 Porter, John C. [Major] Porter, W.W., 412 [Porter,W.M.,4I2] Radford, B.J. [ ] Rains, James E., 52 [Jatnison, A. [?], 52] ... Rayburn, L. M. [M. L.] I Reaves, James B. [Reeves, Lieutenant] Reed[Reid],D.G 2 Reeves, Thomas, Jr. [Corporal] Robarts [Roberts], James 2 Roberts, J. P. [Perry] Rodgers [Rogers], H.C I Ross, James R. [John W. (Lieuteuant)], 173 I Sale [Sales], H. A Sanford [Sandford], R. A Scales, I W. [Mr.] Scofield, Henry B. [Sergeant] Scott, G. A., 7 [919] Scott, Isaac W., 919 [7] I Shelley, James T [F.] Sherley, Z. M. [Shirley, L. M.] 2 Shilob, Tenn. Battle of, etc. Reports of Harvey, R. F. [T.] Kelly [Kelley], Louis D Lawler, A. [N.] McClerkin, L. C I Sketches, 177, 183, 593 Sketches. Corinth, Miss. Advance upon, etc., April29- June io, i86s, 587 2 Shiloh, Teun. Battle of April 6-p, 1862, 177, 183,593 I Slocum, J. J. [Captain], 638 [658] 2 Smith, A. J. (General), ~ 500] 2 Smith,A.J. (Major),373, 500 2 Smith, Ashbel, 830; Smith, James A., [830].. Smith, John T. [(Captain)], 8go [Smith, John T. (Major), 8~o] I Smith, Marshall J., 410* I Smith, Martin [P.] H I Southwestern Vlrginia, flepartment of Loring, W. W,asslgnedtocommaud,3 I Page A007 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Part. Stager, Anson. Correspondence with Stevens, F. [Mr.] Stanley, Austin C Steele, S. W. [Steel, S. M.] Stephens, William D., 4.53 Stephens, William H. Mentioned ~ Stevens, F. [Mr.] Stewart, R. A., 458 Stout, Jonathan [John] Tennessee Troops (C.). ArtilleryBatteries: Crams, 519 CavalryBattalions: 8th (Starnes), 644 [Kings, 19] Starnes, [573]* CavalryCompanies: [Fords, 6o8] Lentys [I~eutys] Lillards [Dillards] CavalryRegiments: [8th, 644] Starnes, 573* InfantryRegiments: 5th, [383] 14th, 46 20th (Smith-Battle), .rg 2~th (Powel) [(Powell)] 35th, 383 48th (Nixon) 154th, [x~] Texas Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: [Teels, 495]* Thompson,John B. (ist Ark.), 481, 488 Thompson, John B. (21st Va. Battn.), [481, 488] Thompson, M. Jeff. Correspondence with Ruggles, Daniel, 578 [57~] Tracy, E. D., 560, 853-855 [Tracy, E. K., ~6o, 853855] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Part. Transportation. Communications from Sherley, Z. M. [Shirley, L. M.] Trezevant, James H. [T.]. Correspondence with [Beauregard, C. T., 352] Trezevant,John T. Correspondence with G. T. Beanregard, 352. Trumbull, Matthew M. [W.] [Turner, M. J., 504] Union Troops. ArtilleryRegiments: [ist, I, 845, 847] 4th, I, 845, 847 Van Dorn, Earl. Correspondence with Beauregard, C. T., 574* Bragg, Braxton, [574]* Van IJyck, John H. [Van Dyk, ] Van Home, L. [Vanhorn, Private] Villepigue, John B. Correspondence with Ruggles, Daniel, 583 [~8i] Virginia. Military departments embracing, 504 Virginia Troops. InfantryBattalions: 21st (Ponnd Gap) Wade, D. B. [Sergeant] Ward, Lyman M. [Delos A.] Ware, Addison, ]r. [W.] Waterman, Richard M. [Robert H.] Watkins, William L. [Captain] Whitney, Isaac [J.] M Whitthorne, Frank C Wickliffe, John D. [W.] Wilcox, D. B. [Sergeant] Wilds, M. D. L Williams, Joseph [John] D Williams, William C. [John H. (Captain)].. Wilson, James M. [LAeutenant], 6~ Winston, Edmnnd [Edward] Withers, Robert [R.] W., jr Worth, William S. [I,ieutenant] 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 I I I 2 Page A008 Special Index Page R007 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER L Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carelina. December 20,1860-April 14, 1861 1317 CHAPTER II. The secession of Gecrgla. January 3-26, 1861 318325 CHAPTER III. The seoessionofAlabamaandMississlpPi. January 4-20,1881 326-330 CHAPTER IV. Operations InFlorida. January 6-August 31,1861 331473 CHAPTER V Page. The secession of North Carolina. Janu ary 9-May 20,1861 474-488 CHAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January10- February 19,1861 489-501 CHAPTER VII. Operations In Texas and New Mexico. February 1-June 11, 1861 502-636 CHAPTER VIII. Operations In Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missourt February 7-May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IL Page. Operations In Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginla~ and West VIrginia. April 16-July 31,1861. 1-1012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER L Page Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10-November 19,1861. 1-749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XI. Page. CHAPTER XIII. Page. Operations In Texas, New Mexico, and Operations in North Carolina and Sou& - Arizona. June 11,1861-February 1,1862. 1-174 eastern VirginIa. August 1, 1861-Jan- CHAPTER XII. unry 11, 1862 508-721 Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861 - 175-565 VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and WestVirginia. August 1,1861-March 17,1862. 1-1106 VOLUME VI. CHAPTER XV. Operationsonthe coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Florida. August 21,1861-April 11, 1862 Page. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Operations In West Florida, Southern Al- abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou- 1-435 I islana. September 1,1861-May 12,1862. 436494 VOLUME VII. CHAPTER XVII. Page. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, N. Alabama, andS. W. Virginia. Nov. 19,1861-Mar. 4,1862. 1-946 VbLUME VIII. CHAPTER XVIII. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19,1861-April 10,1862. 1-834 (VII Page R008 VIII CONTENTS OF P~ECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME IX. CHAPTER XIX. Operatlonsin SoutheasternYlrginla. Jan. nary 11-March 17,1862 CHAPTER XL Operations In Morth Carolina. January U-August 20,1862 Page. CRAPTER XXI. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexlco~ and 1-71 ArIzona. February 1-September 20, 1862 481738 72-48 Page 1 CHAPTER XXLI. OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY, TENNESSEE, NORTH MISSISSIPPI, NORTH ALABAMA, AND SOUTHWEST VIRGiNIA. March 4June 10, 1862.* SUMMAR~[ 013 TI-IE PRIINCIPAL EVEINTS.t Mar. 5, 1362.General G. T. Beauregard assumes command of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi. 8, 1862.Chattanooga, Tenn~, occupied by the Confederate forces. Morgans operations near Nashville, Teun. Shermans division embarks at Paducah, Ky., for the Tennessee River. 9, 1862.Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army, assumes command in East Tennessee. Skirmish on Granny Whites Pike, near Nashville, Tenn. 914, 1862.Expedition towards Purdy and operations about Crumps Land. ing, Tenn. 11, 1862.The Department of the Miss9uri and a portion of the Department of the Ohio merged into the Department of the Mississippi. Skirmish near Paris, Tenn. 13, 1862.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of the Mississippi. Destruction of Beach Creek Bridge, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, Tenn. 14, 1862.Skirmishes at Big Creek Gap and Jacksborongh, Tenn. 1417, 1862.Expedition from Savannah, Tenn., to Yellow Creek, Miss., and occupation of Pittsbarg Landing, Teun. 1518, 1862.Morgans operations abont Gallatin, Tcnn. 16, 1862.Action at Pound Gap, Ky. Skirmish near Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. 2123, 1862.Reconnaissance to and skirmish at Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 24, 1862.Skirmish at Camp Jackson, Term. 25, 1862.Reconnaissance to Agnews Ferry, Tenn. * Including events to June 18, of the Cumberland Gap Campaign, East Tennessee. t Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file. 1 R RYOL X Page 2 2 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL Mar. 2528, 1862.Reconnaissance from Murfreesborough to Shelbyville, Tullahoma, ManchesWr, and McMinnville, Tenn. 28, 1862.Expedition into Scott and Morgan Counties, Term. 28-June 18, 1862.The Cumberland Gap Campaign. 29, 1862.The Confederate armies of Kentucky and the Mississippi consol- idated under the latter designation, General A. S. Johnston commanding and General Beo.iiregard second in command. Major-Generals Polk, Bragg, Hardee, and Crittenden assigned to the First, Second, Third, and Reserve Corps, respectively. 31, 1862.Skirmish on the Pnrdy Road, near Adamsville, Teun. Captnre of Union City, Tenn. * 31April 2, 1862.Expedition to Paris, Tenn. April 1, 1862.Expedition from Pittsburg Lauding, Tenii., to Eastport, Miss. and Chickasaw, Ala. 3, 1862.Reconnaissance from Savannah, Teun., to E astport, Miss., and Chiekasaw, Ala. Skirmish near Monterey, Tenn. 4, 1862.Skirmish near Pittsburg Landing, Tenu. Skirmish at Lawrenceburg, Teun. 6 7, 1862.Battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, Tena. 611, 1862.Expedition from Greenville, Tenn., into Laurel Valley, N. C. 712, 1862.Raid on Confederate line of communications between Chatta- nooga, Tenn., and Marietta, Ga. 8, 1862.Martial law proclaimed in East Tennessee. Reconnaissance fr2m Shiloh battle-field. 11, 1862.Huntsville, Ala., occupied by the Union forces. Skirmisli at Wartrace, Teun. 1213, 1862.Expedition to Bear Creek, Ala. 13, 1862.Reconnaissances on the Corinth (Miss.) and Purdy (Tena.) Roads. Decatur, Ala., occupied by Union forces. 15, 1862.Skirmish at Pea Ridge, Tenn. 16, 1862.Tuscumbia, Ala., occupied by Union forces. 17, 1862.Capture of Union refogees near Woodsons Gap, Tenn. Skirmish near Monterey, Tenn. 23, 1862.Skirmish at Bridgeport, Ala. 24, 1862.Skirmish at Tuscumbia, Ala. Skirmish at Lick Creek, Tenn. Skirmish on the Shelbyville Road, Tenn. Skirmish on the Corinth (Miss.) Road. 25, 1862.Skirmish at Tuscnmbia, Ala. Skirmish on the Corinth (Miss.) Road. 26, 1862.Skirmish at Atkins Mill Tenn. 26-29, 1862.Scout on Forked Deer River, Teun. 27,1862.Skirmish at Pea Ridge, Tenn. Skirmish at Bridgeport, Ala. 28, 1862Skirmish near Monterey, Tenu. Skirmish at Bolivar, Ala. Skirmish at Paint Rock Bridge, Ala. 2829, 1862.Expedition to Purdy, Tenn. 29, 1862.Action at West Bridge, near Bridgeport, Ala. Skirmish near Monterey, Tenn. Raid on the Mobile and Ohio Raiiroad, near Bethel Station, Tenn. * For reports, see operations November 19, 1861April 10, 1862, Missouri, Arkansas, & c., Series 1. Vol. VIII, pp. 116, 123, 124 Page 3 CHAP. XXII.] SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 3 April 29June 10,1862.Advance upon and siege of Corinth, and pursuit of the Confederate forces to Guntown, Miss. 30, 1862.Reorganization of the armies of the Department of the Missis- sippi. Major-Generals Thomas, Pope, and McCLernand, respect- ively, assigned to command of the right wing, left wing, and reserve; Major-General Bud retaining command of the Army of the Ohio and Major-General Grant assigned as second in command over all. May 1, 1862.Skirmish near Pulaski, Tena. 1 2, 1862.Operations in the vicinity of Athens, Mooresville, Limestone Bridge, and Elk River, Ala. 2 9, 1862.Expedition from Trenton to Paris and Dresden, Tenn., and skir- mish near Lockridges Mill. 3, 1862.Destruction of bridges on Lookout Creek, Ga. Skirmish at Watkins Ferry, Ga. Martial law proclaimed in Southwest Virginia. 4, 1862.Skirmish at Pulaski, Teun. 5, 1862.Action at Leba~on, Teun. 7, 1862.Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg assumes command of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi. 8, 1862.Skirmish at Athens, Ala. Maj. Gen. William W. Loring, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Army of Southwest Virginia. 9, 1862.Skirmish on Elk River, near Bethel, Tena. 10, 1862.Skirmish at Lambs Perry, Ala. Naval engagement at Plum Point, near Fort Pillow, Teun. 11, 1862.Skirmish at Pulaski, Tenn. Affair at Cave City, Ky. 1314, 1862.Occupation of Rogersville and skirmish at Lambs Ferry, Ala. 14, 1862.Skirmish at Fayetteville, Tenn. 1923, 1862.Expedition down the Mississippi to Fort Pillow, Tenn. 20, 1862.Skirmish on Elk River, Teun. 22, 1862.Skirmish at Winchesler, Tenn. 24, 1862.Skirmish at Winchester, Tenn. 29, 1862.Skirmish at Whit~sburg, Ala. Jnno 3, 1862.North Carolina west of the Blue Ridge added to Department of East Tennessee.* 35, 1862.Fort Pillow, Tenn., evacuated by the Confederates and occupied by the Union forces. 4, 1862.Skirmish at Sweedens Cove, near Jasper, Tena. Skirmish at Woodville, Ala. 4 5, 1862.Skirmishes at Huntsville, Ala. 6, 1862.Naval engagement off Memphis, Teun., and occupation of that city by Union forces. Skirmish near Tompkinsx-illo, Ky. 7, 1862.Skirmish at Readyville, Tenn. Capture of Jackson, Teun. 7 8, 1862.Attack on Chattanooga, Tenn. 5, 1862.Department of the Mississippi extended (in orders) to embrace all of Kentucky and Tennessee. 10, 1862.Skirmish at Winchester, Teun. * See Series I, Vol. IX, p. 473. It had in fact embraced all Union troops in those Sti~es ever since March 11, 1862 Page 4 4 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. MARCH 8, 1862.Occupation of Chattanooga, Tenn., by Confederate Forces. Beport of Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd, C. S. Army. CHATTANOOGA, TENN., March 11, 1862. SIR: In obedience to orders given me by General A. S. Johnston, in which he directed that I should occupy this J)lace and thereafter rel)ort directly to the War Department, I have the honor to state that I reached here safely with my command from Nashville, after a long but pros. perons march, on the 8th day of this month. We succeeded in bringing away from Fort Donelson nearly the whole of the men belonging to my own brigade who were there; and although the fatigue and privations of a large number of them were nunsually great, the men uttered imo complaint, and are now, at the end of a march of 250 miles, in good health and excellent spirits. This point is one of very considerable military importance, as it com- mands important passes into Georgia and Alabama, and would enable the enemy, if he held it, to cut off completely the communications be- tween the eastern and western parts of this State. General Johnston anthorized me to receive such troops as might be offered for the (lefense of this place and who would enlist for the war. It will require, I should think, a force of about 6,000 men to secure this point from attack, except by a very heavy force, an(l I do not see how this number of men can be raised by any influence I can bring to bear. I would like to have instructions from the Department for my govern- ment. From the best information I have I am nuder the impression that the enemy have moved nearly all their forces to tIme Mississippi iRiver, prob- ably for the purpose of attacking the troops defending Memphis. I am pretty confident there will be no attack here, or even at Knoxville, for some considerable time to conic. From the same sources of information I think the force against Cum. berland Gap is neither numerous nor efficient. If these opinions be correct, it gives time for organization to meet their advance unon both points, which will no doubt be made by the enemy in great numbers as soon as the heats of summer drive them from the farther south. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOhN B. FLOYD, Brigadier- General, C. S. Army. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War. MARCH 8, 1862.Morgans operations near Nashville, Tenn. REPORTS. No. 1.Col. John Kennett, Fourth Ohio Cavalry. No. 2.Capt. John H. Morgan, Kentucky Cavalry (Confederate). No. 1. Report of Col. John Kennett, Fourth Ohio Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Camp Jackson, Teun., March 8 1862. DEAR SIR: On receipt of your order to go in l)nrsuit of Morgan and his men we were in our saddles in ten or fifteen minutes. I took charg Page 5 CHAr. XXII.] OPERATIONS ABOUT NASHVILLE, TENN. 5 of the right wing, and sent the left wing under the charge of the two rna~jors, instructing them to head oft Morgan at Stone River where I understood the bridge was destroyed, while the right wing would fol- low their trail and the left cut them off. We pursued them, and kept their trail through the woods, thickets, rocky ways, and swamps, with twists and turns and fences let down, until we reached the pike. There, misled by a white man, we went one mile and a halfback, making 3 miles out of our way, but we found the trail again and continued it on the jump all the way. Whenever the gait was slackened on account of the rocks the command was hurried onward, and the boys resumed the rapid gait with a will. Tue right wing finally came up to Major Dres- bach, who was in charge of our teamsters and horses and a number of your body guard. Finding Morgans mcii were dispersed, and Major Pugh was still in pursuit of 5 remaining men, I halted the right and ordered the Rifles (Captain Mathews company, C) to push on to join Major Pugh. They went on, but never reached Pugh, but returned sep- aratehy. Major Pugh pursued the enemy to Stone River. Five of Mor- gans men plunged into the river and swam over. Seeing none of our men in their charge, and not knowing what ambush might be laid, the pursuit was ended. Three picket men taken 1)risoners and all others were dropped on the way. Charles P. Sweet, orderly sergeant of Company H, shot at two of the rebels. He killed one, and the other is in the hospital badly wounded, and will die; his name is Love. Lient. W. W. Shoemaker, of Company H, led the charge; shot three times with a pistol. He was shot at with a gun. His first shot killed one of the enemy. His second shot the enemy ran, and he struck him with his saber across the month, cutting it in two. The h6rse of one of the rebels fell and John Shanks struck him with the saber. Shanks horse fell over him; jumping upon his enemy, he seized him a prisoner. His name is E. W. Pratt; sent to you last night. Private Fogger, Company H, ran on a rebel and shot him in the back. He kept up close to Lieutenant Shoemaker, who led the advance. Fog- gers horse fell dead under him. Lieutenant Shoemaker, Private Fog- ger, both of Company H, and George W. Wakefield, Company G, took. C-arrett a l)risonel. Said Garrett had run down a bank and hid him- self when he was arrested. We have to report 4 of the enemy killed~ 2 wounded. Their names are Love and Warfield~ the latter a son of Sallie Carneal. He says if he gets away he will join the Southern Arumy again. Two prisoners sent to you. We captured a negro man and boy, whose teamii the rebels had impressed and were carrying them off; they were sent home. Our teamsters and horses were recaptured. We have some men missing, but as the force pursued dwindled down to five, who were run to Stone River, which they swam, we hope they escaped and will turn up. Major Pugh was iii command of the pursu- ing force. Morgan left his men and put out for himself; he was fired at, but missed. Our pursuit was a hot one when we struck into the woods at full tilt, through thick underbrush, cedar thickets, and swamups, meandering into rocky spots, evidently done to obliterate the trail by the enemy. We began to see lost harness, caps, hats, blankets, horses hitched and left on the way. On we went until we overtook the teamsters and General Dumonts aide, and prisoners left on the way, liberated by the onslaught of the advance. Harper, of your body guard, escaped after being shot at twice and feigning to be shot by falling. Never was joy more por- trayed in the countenances of men when liberated, One of Our teamster Page 6 C KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP XXII. (Crow) is, we fear, mortally wounded. We have taken some guns and horses. Many thrilling incidents took l)iace that would make my rej)ort toe long. The white people are treacherous and unreliable, all lying to deceive us. We can only depend oim the statements of negroes. No doubt many of our horses will be broken down and worthless by the chase. I have to report my entire command being eager to meet the enemy, although a very small l)ortion15 or 20 men in advancedid most of the execution, as we had to move by files through the woods, and that with great difficulty. But for the fact that the enemy placed our team- sters and prisoners betweeu us and themselves we would have done great execution; as it was, we think Morgan got the worst of the at- tack. flad we ammunition, or our riflemen beeim in the advance, the list of the killed and wounded would have been very heavy. Company C had been out all night near La Vergue and 3 miles be- yond; the men and horses tired b (Iles when ordered. , ut they jumped to their guns and sad- We have reason to know we are surrounded with treachery. The prisoners examined lied when examined. Many who take the oath of allegiance only do it to betray us. I have sent out three scouting par- ties all over the country to recover whatever may be foundstray horses, harness, & c. Respectfully submitted to you. JNO. KENNETT, Colonel, Commanding. Brig. Gen. 0. M. MITCHEL. No. 2. Report of Capt. John H. Morgan, Kentmtcky Cavalry (Confederate). MURFREESEOROUGH, TENN., March 10, 1862. Sin: With a view of determining the enemys position and his move- ments Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, myself~ 10 Rangers, and 15 of my squad- ron left here on the 7th instant at 2 ~ m. and proceeded in time direction of Nashville; marching 18 miles, and avoiding the pike, we encamped for the night. Early on the morning of the 8th, having procured suitable gnides, we resumed our march and entered the Federal lines. At about half a mile from a cavalry camp, which we were compelled to pass in full view, we capture(l 5 men, belonging to the Thirteenth Ohio, Colonel Smith; their arms, Enfleld rifles, were also secured. Passing the cav- alry camp we continued our march in the direction of Nashville. Having obtained a suitable position in the woods opposite the Lunatic Asylum, where we had a good view of the pike, operations commenced. Seeing a train with its guard approaching, Colonel Wood, myself and 4 mcmi, wearing United States overcoats, rode down to the pike, stopped the train, and made 23 prisoners. The horses and mules were cut from the wagons and the prisoners mounted and sent back to the party in the woods. This continued until we had accumulated 98 prisoners, among them General Dumonts aide and several other officers. Returning in three parties, with the prisoners, one party, consisting of 60 prisoners and 10 guards, commanded by one of my lieutenants (Owens), wa Page 7 CHAP. XXII.] SKIRMISH ON GRANNY WHITES PIKE, TENN. 7 attacked and pursued by the Fourth Regiment Ohio Cavalry. After a pursuit of 15 miles, during which the prisoners were abandoned, the lieutenant succeeded in reaching the river with his party, and, plunging in from a steep bank, swam across, the river arresting the progress of the enemy. During the pursuit many shots were fired by the enemy, but without effect. Two of the prisoners who resi~ted (officers) were shot. Four of the ~ men, who were in danger of being over- taken, turned off in the woods, and as yet have not made their appear- ance. Colonel Wood, with 14 men and 28 prisoners, succeeded in crossing the country and reaching our pickets near Murfreesborough the same night, having passed within a mile of the enemys cavalry. Returning alone in the direction of Murfreesborough I encountered a picket of 6 men, who surrendered to me on being summoned, and deliv- ered up their arms. Being joined by a man of my command (Mr. Spalding), with 4 additional prisoners, the next morning we joined Colonel Woods party and returned to Murfreesborough. We have 38 prisoners, who have been sent forward. We have a large number of horses aimd mules, sabers, pistols, saddles, harness, & c., which I shall distribute to the men of my command here who need them. There are no indications of an advance on the part of the enemy. Their force is about 65,000. Their advance (a regiment of cavalry) is about 8 miles this side of Nashville, on the Murfreesborough pike. A sergeant among the prisoners, who seems to be an intelligent man, can give you some interesting details. I shall report to you in person on Tuesday. Colonel Wood desires me to say he xviii return this evening or to-morrow. JOHN H. MORGAN, Captain, Commanding Post. Major-General HARDEE, Commanding First Division, Shelbyville, Tenn. [Indorsement.] HUNTSVILLE, ALA., March 15, 1862. Respectfully forwarded. The within gives accounts of another gal- lant act performed by this valuable officer. The Government ought at once to make some recognition of his services. I respectfully, but urgently, recommend that he be appointed a colonel in the Confederate service. W J. HARDEE, iitajor- General. MARCH 9, l862~Skirmish on Granny Whites Pike, near Nashville, Tenn. Report of Cot. John S. Scott, First Louisiana Cavalry. HDQRS. FIRST REGIMENT LOUISIANA CAVALRY, Columbia, March 10, 1862. SIR: On yesterday morning a detachment of 40 men from my regi- ment, under command of Capt. G. A. Scott, of Company E, met a body of the enemy, consisting of two companies and numbering about 100 men, on the Granny Whites Pike, 6 miles from Nashville. A skirmish ensued Page 8 8 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXfl. in which we killed 12 of the enemy, running them off, and burning their tents, & c. Our loss coiisisted of 1 maii killed and I mortally wounded. From the best information I can procure the enemy have concent rated about 32,000 to 33,000 men iii the vicinity of Nashville. Their largest encampment appears to be on the Charlotte Pike, where they appear to have large means of laud transportation, such as wagons, mules, & c. With a small addition to my force I think they could be prevented from marauding to any great extent. If furnished with sacks, a good deal of corn, wheat, & c., could be sent out. of this country withiu the next ten days. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. S. SCOTT, First Louisiana Cavalry. General A. SIDNEY JOHNSTON, Huntsville, Ala. MARCH 914, 1862.Expedition toward Purdy and operations about Crumps Landing, Teun. IREPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Charles F. Smith, U. S. Army. No 2.Brig. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army. No. 3.Maj. Charles S. Hayes, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. No. 4.Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army. No. 5.Brig. Gen. Adley H. Gladden, C. S. Army. No. 6.Col. Daniel W. Adams, First Louisiana Infautry. No. 7.Col. Alfred MoutQn, Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry. No. 8.Maj. Charles Baskerville, Second Mississippi Cavalry (Battalion). No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Charles F. Smith, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, District of West Tennessee, March 14, 1862. SIR: From the inclosed reports of Brigadier-General Wallace, Nos. 1 and 2, of yesterdays date [No. 2], it will be perceived that the expe- dition to injure the railway communication north of Purdy has been successful. (Please see inclosed my orders on time su~ject.*) Another expedition, on the same principle, ~vill leave, under. Briga- dier-G-eneral Sherman, in an hour or so, to operate between Corinth and Eastport, at a i)Oint about 12 miles from the river, in the neighbor- hood of Burnsville. I have not been able to get anything like the (lesired information as to the strength of the enemy, but it seems to be quoted at 50,000 to 60,000 from Jackson through Corinth an(l farther east. Their principal force is at Corinth; that which has induced me not to attempt to cut the communication at that place, as that would inevitably lead to a collision in numbers that I am ordered to avoid, and hence my efforts north of Pnr(Iy and east of Corinth. In order to furnish the steamers called for by General Grants recent instructions I have caused Brigadier-General MeClernands division to debark and occupy Savannah and the surrounding country. From a Not Piind Page 9 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDiTION TOWARD PURDY, TENN. 9 scouting party east of the town two days since it was ascertained that the only force of the enemy iii that quarter is a body of 500 to 600 cavalry about 15 miles southeast. We need coal very much. Two barges filled with it arrived this morning, but the two gunboats here consume nearly or quite two-thirds of the quantity broughtsay 8,000 out of 12,000 bushels. Our sick list is increasing. As the hospital steamer (City of Mem- phis) is nearly full, I have ordered her below, to get i-id of her freight and then to return. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. F. SMITH, .Brigadier- General, Comn landing. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters District of West Tennessee. ITo rt Henry, Than. No. 2. Reports of Brig. Gem. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army. hEADQUARTERS, Lintons Farm, March 13, 1862. SIR: Say to the general that all is right with my division so far. A person this p. in. says Cheathain is ou my left, with from 15,000 to 18,000 men, who were marched from Bethel yesterday to occupy Crumps Landing, where we disembarked. He is encamped across a creek now very full from backwater, an d last night or this morning destroyed the bridge. I think he is more afraid of me with exaggerated numbers than I am of him. His force, however, must be large, as there was back of Pittsburg about (3,000 troops, who, as stated, were re-enforced from Bethel. It is now 4.30 p. m. and nothing from my cavalry. I feel a little uneasy about them, and if I have to wait much longer would beg pardon for suggesting the sending up another regiment to occupy the landing, as the en ciny can, I am told, throw a bi-idge across the creek in three hours, and by good roads get into my rear; as another reason, also, the lauding is not goodin fact, it is very difficultand the gun- boat may not be here when wanted. Colonel Timayers brigade is at Adamsville, about 2 miles from me, watching the enemy at Purdy. I am here with Smiths brigade to check any advance by the road from Pittsburg, namely, at the junction of the Pittsburg and Purdy roads. Both of us are in good position to cover our cavalry. According to information Cheatham is only distant about 4 miles. Very respectfully, LEW. WALLACE, - General, Commanding Third Divm8mon. Captain MCMICHAEI~. HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, Grumps Landing, March 13, 1862. SIR: Say to the general that my entire command has returned safely aLi(l successfully. Major Hayes has extended his orders by cuttin Page 10 10 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. away about half a mile of trestle-work over a swamp, now impassable, on the north side of Ptirdy. While at work a train ran up the road. A rebel regiment of cavalry was encaml)e(l about 2 miles from the place of his labor ,and must have known his object, as his guides lost him in the nfght and through a great J)art ot his outward march in the (lay-time. Altogether, he deserves great credit for the energy, courage, and perseverance he manifested. General Cheatham is still at his camp, mentioned in niy first dis- patch of this date. Ten thousand I think a fair computation of his force. He has not yet intrenched himself, nor can I ascertain whether that is his intention. As I will have to remain until morning, a recon- noitering party from Major Hayes? cavalry might well employ the time until noon. Shall I order it ~ Very respectfully, LEW. WALLACE, General, Commanding Third Division. Captain MCMICHAEL. No. 3. Reports of Maj. Charles S. Hayes, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. HDQIis. THIRD BATTALION FIFTH OHIo CAVALRY, March 14, 1862. SIR: Pursuant to orders received on the evening of the 12th instant I proceeded with my command at 2 oclock yesterday morning, the 13th instant, and at 10 oclock a. in. arrived at a point on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad between Bethel and Brown Station, and proceeded at once to destroy the bridge at that place crossing Beach Creek, it being of 50 feet span, with 50 feet of trestle-work on either bank, makin g150 feet in all, which I so effectually crippled as to entirely preclude the passage of trains uiitil the whole structure is taken down and rebuilt. 1 also tore up a small portion of the track on either side of the bridge and trestle, bent the rails, and threw them into the river, or creek. Farther down a sniall trestle was destroyed. While accomplishing this work a party of rebel horsemen, afterwards ascertained to be a portion of a body known as Robinsons Cavalry Company, came in sight, when, chase being given, two of them were captured, whom I now hold sub- ject to orders. I also have their horses. I am, sir, your obedient servant, CIJAS. S. HAYES, Commanding Third Battalion E~flh Ohio Cavalry. Capt. FRED. KNEFLER, Assistant Adjutant General. HDQRS. THIRD BATTALiON FIFTh Oumo CAVALRY, Steamer Ohio No. 2, March 14, 1862. SIR: Pursuant to orders received this morning ~ I)rOCCCded with my command upon the road now traveled to and froni Pittsburg to a creek over which the bridges crossing the same have been lately destroyed by the rebels. In consequence of fatigue of men and horses incident t Page 11 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDITION TOWARD PURDY, TENN. 11 the duties of yesterday I did not get started until 12 oclock m. On arriving at the creek I found that the enemy had deserted his camp iii that neighborhood, bat in consequence of the swollen condition of the creek and the nature of the banks I deemed it inexpedient to cross. I learned from a citizen of the neighborhood that the enemy had fallen back on Purdy and Bethel; that he supposed them to be from 5,0(*~ to 8,000 strong, consisting of Louisiana and Alabama infantry, with some few companies of Tennessee cavalry, and the citizen from whom I obtained my information was positive that this force is well armed, principally with Sharps and Enfield rifles. I am, sir, your obedient servant, CHAS. S. HAYES, Major, Gorndg. Third Battalion Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Capt. FRED. KNEFLER, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 4. Reports of Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, C. & Army. BETHEL STATION, March 14, 186211.30 p. m. COLONEL: After much delay, mostly unnecessary, from inefficient railroad management, I have just reached here. General Gladdeii is at Purdy, with his two regiments and a battery and a small force of cay alry. A report from him to General Ituggles has just been read by inn [No. 5]. It seems the enemys force landed in this vicinity has been greatly exaggerated, the general estimating it, from the most reliable information he can procure from the people of the country, at about 6,000. They advanced to within 5 miles of Purdy, and hastily retired last night to their boats, the road from here to Purdy being almost impracticable, and from there to the river nearly in the same condition from the rains yesterday and to-day. No large force can be passed over them now. Under these circumstances (a change of plan on the part of the enemy) I have sent to General Ruggles to suspen(l his movements, he being still at Corinth, and to send General Chalmers back to Inka, which is the most assailable point on the road. I would also advise a suspension of the movement of General Polks comntnand~ stopping at Jackson such portion as may reach there. We can only await further movements and act accordingly. The damaged bridge is repaired, and strong guards will be stationed at all dangerous points. I shall remain here for the present, and have the country examined thoroughly whilst the organization of my force is carried on; as far at least as can be done under the circumstances around me. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, BIRAXTON BRAGG, Major- General, & c. Col. THOMAS JORDAN, Assistant A djut ant- General, Jackson, Tenn. HDQRS. SECOND GRAND Div. ARMY OF THE Mississi~~~, Bctkel, Tcnn., March 15, 186211 a. in. COLONEL: Dispatches for General Ruggles from General Gladden, now at Purdy, have just reached here. They represent~ the enemy t Page 12 12 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA,, AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXU. have re-embarked, and all indications point to a demonstration at some point higher up the river. From its position with reference to the rail- road and the facility with which that could be reached from that point my attention will be turned there. Should more definite or reliable in- formation reach me, I shall move to correspond. It is to be hoped General Johnston is approaching from the other direction, as it is en- tirely in the power of the enemy to cut the road at l)leasure. Our task is a most difficult one, especially with the mob we have, miscalled sol- diers. I have suspended any further movements from Corinth this way, and have sent General Chalmers back to Juka, holding all in hand for a move in any direction. The country is apparently flooded from recent ains, and the country people say no force of any size could now move on this l)Oint from Pitts- burg or its vicinity. Captain Jordan is now out to determine this point. On the contrary,~ it is said no condition of water would prevent a march from Eastport to Juka. My whole force is up front Mobile, except two small regiments, or- dered by the War Department to hold Pensacola. Let me hear from you, and give me the generals views fully in regard to the future. The New Madrid move still holds a place in my mind. Very respectfully, your obedient servaut, BRAXTON BRAGG, Major- General, commanding. Colonel JORDAN, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 5. Reports of Brig. Gen. Adley H. Gladden, C. S. Army. PLTRDY, TENN., March 14, 1862. GENERAL: I would have dispatched you earlier, but have been expecting you all day, having received two dispatches from you that you would be with me this morning. The enemy, between 4,000 and 5,000 strong, from the best informa- tion I can get, were within 5 umiles of this place last night. The nuin- bem I learn from citizens who were takemi prisoners by the Yankees and released this morning. They also state that about an equal num- ber were on Shunpike road. The enemy returned to the river, leaving their encampment about 11 oclock last night. I have had large scout- ing parties out all day. They have seen nothing below or omi the Savannah road. Th~ scouts on the Pittsbur9. road report having seen about 25 Yankee scouts. 1, however, sent out four companies of infantry and one of cavalry on the Savannah road, who have not returned; they left here about 10 oclock. I also sent two companies cavalry, under Major Basker- ville, to scout above the Savannah road. The major saw nothing. He approached as near the river as the high stage of the water-courses would admit of. I am at a loss to commjecture what will be the next move of the enemy. [received a communication from Colonel Mouton informing me that he was ordered to come here with his command. I dispatched him to remnain at his present location and await further orders. It appears imow that the enemy does not intend to make the attack at this place Page 13 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDITION TOWARD PURDY, TENN. 13 I am at a loss to conjecture what his intentions are. It is evident that he has retired to the boats. I come to this conclusion from the circum- stances stated. My scouts have not, ill consequence of the high state of the water- courses, been able to get nearer the river than 4 miles. They were at Adamsville; saw where the enemy had been encamped. The officers told the prisoners that they intended to land at Pittsbnrg an(l East- port, with the view of capturing Corinth. Xou can draw your own conclusions. I give you all the information iii my possession. I understand that Colonel Smiths regiment, McNairy Volunteers, are at Bethel, and that Allens regimen t., Louisiana Volunteers, are on the way. I fear that the movement is a f~dse one, and the retiring of the enemy may be a trick. My information is obtained from 1 or 2 out of some 15 or 20 prisoners whom the Yankees released about 2 miles from the river early this morning and before the streams rose. I am, general, very respectfully and truly, your oi)edient servant, A. II. GLADDEN, Brig. Gen., Comdg. 2d Corps, 2d Div., Army Miss. Valley. Brig. Gen. DANIEL IRIJGGLES. IIDQRS. SECOND BATTALION MISSISSIPPI CAVALRY, March 12, 1862. GENERAL: Information has just reached my quarters, through one of the scouts belonging to Captain McCaas company, that the enemy are landing on this side the river, at Williams Landing, about half a mile below Crumps Landing. Colonel Adams and Major Baskerville are both advised of the fact. On the al)proach of the enenfy the man Williams hoisted the Union flag. I have the honor to be, general, your humble and obedient servant, CHARLES G. FIELD. Brigadier-General GLADDEN, Commanding. [Thdorsemeut.l GENERAL: Above I forward you a copy of intelligence just re- ceived. Col. P. NV. Adams, with 350 Louisiana Infantry, a detachment of Baskervilles cavalry (130), and two rifle guns (Ketchums), are about 5 miles this side of where the enemy is landing. I have here Colonel Deas regiment, nine companies, 360 men, and the remainder of Ketch- nms battery. I have left at Bethel the Alabama battalion, about 300 men. So you will see that the enemy may at any moment laud a large force, and I am now uneasy, fearing that Colonel Adams may be cut off. I shall send Colonel Deas forward and the balance of the battery. I instructed Col. D. NV. Adams to run no risk, and to retire before a 8uperior force, destroying bridges and obstructing roads. I am not advised as to the object of the enemy. This landing, I pre- sumne, is in consequence of the appearance of our forces. I hope you will telegraph General Bragg. I have no further instructions from him. I was in hopes that you would be able to communicate with him. I have just this moment receive(l your coummunication, dated 10 ocloc Page 14 14 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. X~ a. m. this date. If a large force pursues me I shall be powerless to cope with the enemy and have no transportation. I am, general, your obedient servant, A. II. GLADDEN, Brigadier- General, Commanding First Brigade. Brigadier-General ItUGGLES. PURDY, TENN., March 15, 1862. GENERAL: I wrote to you last evening. Since then I have received the information contained in the inclosed reports. I am of the opinion that the enemy has entirely retired from this side of the river, and will make a demonstration higher up the river. I send a copy of these reports to Bethel, to be forwarded by railroad, and for fear that the cars may not be able to leave I send by special messenger, as I deem the information of the utmost importance. I have stopped all re-en- forceinents at Bethel Station, su~ject to your order. I regret that you were unable to join me yesterday. My expecting your coming pre- vented me from forwarding to you important information early yester- day. I was momentarily expecting you all day. I have sent out a large cavalry force for the purpose of scouting to the river bank on all the various roads from and to this place and to gain all the information in their power in r~ference to the movements of the enemy. I am, general, very respectfully and truly, yours, A. II. GLADDEN, Brig. Gen., 6~omdg. 2d Corps, 2d Grand Div., Army~ Miss. Valley. Brigadier-General RUGGLES. No. 6. Report of 6~ol. Daniel W. Adams, First Louisiana Infantry. SNAKE CAMP, Four miles from Tennessee River, , 1862. DEAR SIR: We reached here about 3p. m. and encamped at 4 oclock. Accompanied by Major and a detail of 10 cavalry, I proceeded to reconnoiter the river at Crumps Landing. At 2~ miles from this I found the enemy had posted their pickets. We advanced to within 40() yards of their line of pickets, but from the nature of the country could not ascertain what force they had landed. I do not believe they are lauding in force on this side of the river but from information I (leem reliable they hate about 25,000 on the other side ashore and in boats. Sixty-one boats are reported as having passed Cotb~e. Within 300 or 400 yards of the enemys pickets I found 30 or 40 bales of cotton, which I had burned. Most of it belonged to the Union shriekers. I had 3 suspected men passing nmy lines arrested. As their advanced pickets cut me off from doing anything on the river, I am now inclined to return by the Adamsville road, keeping an eye on their movements. I will write again to-morrow. Very respectfully, DANL. W. ADAMS, Colonel, Commanding Detachment. Brig. Gen. ADLEY II. GLADDEN, Bethel, Tenn Page 15 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDITION TOWARD PURDY, TENN. 15 Report of Col. Alfred Mouton, Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry. IIDQRS. 4TH BRIGADE, 1ST CORPS, 2D GRAND Div., ARMY OF Mississw~i VALLEY, Near Corinth, nine miles towards Pittsburg, March 12, 1862. SIR: A mounted courier has just reached me with a verbal message from Major Baskerville, stating that the enemy had landed a force at Crumps Landing 18,000 strong, firing upon the cavalry pickets, driving them in. The same courier informs me that a regiment of infantry, a company of our artillery, and all the cavalry are retreating on Purdy. Yours, respectfully, ALFR. MOUTON, Colonel Eighteenth Regiment Louisiana Vols., Comdg. Fourth Brig., C. S. Forces, Mississippi Valley. Capt. Itov MAsoN llooE, A. A. C., Corinth, Miss. No. 8. Reports of Maj. Charles Baskerville, Second Mississippi Cavalry (Bat talion). HEADQUARTERS, Purdy, March 10, 1862. SIR: Day before yesterday (March 8) the Yankee transport Golden State arrived at Savannah loaded with troops, followed by a gunboat (name unknown) mounting nine guns. Ou the evening of the same day the transport John Adams also landed troops at the same place. She had horses on board, whether draught or cavalry we could not tell. We ai e, however, informed by a gentleman who had the temerity to visit Savannah that they are draught horses. The gunboat mentioned above returned to Savannah again yesterday, having on board several tories, taken from Chalk Bluff, among whom may be mentioned the following: Col. A. M. Craven, Thomas Orr, Ned Towry, and Benton Towry. Another gunboat was expected up last evening when the scout was dispatched. Rumor has it that the Yankees are forwarding 1,200 cav- alry from Nashville to Savannah, who are hourly expected. This seems to be well authenticated. My scouts are of the opinion, from intelligence received from the same gentleman mentioned above that it is the intention of the Yan- kees as soon as possible to throw a strong scout across the river. They have retained their transports at Savannah, from which I infer that it is their purpose to throw large bodies of troops across the Tennessee, which they can very readily accomplish, as the river is getting within its banks. General Smith was expected to arrive at Savannah yesterday. The number of troops at Savannah is pretty well ascertained to be 1,500. The above information is obtained from my scouts stationed at Chalk Bluff and opposite Savannah. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient, humble servant, CHARLES BASKERYILLE, iliajor, Commanding. Brig. Gen. DANIEL RUGGLES Page 16 16 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. IIDQRS. SECOND BATTALION Mis~issi~~i CAVALRY, Purdy, lenin., March 14, 1862. COLONEL: In obedience to your or(Iers I took Captains McCaas and Robertsons companies (except that portion already on duty) down the Shunpike road to ascertain if the enemy had reconstructed the bridge. At the Pittsburg fork I detached 19 men under command of Lieutenant ODaniel, to proceed to Pittsburg. I herewith sen(I you a copy of his report.* On our way to the bridge our pickets, two in number, stationed on the road in our rear, reported that they had discovered a detachment supposed to be of the enemy. We countermarched some 2 miles and discovered nothing; then proceeded on our mission, to ascertain about the bridge. Reaching near that place, our scouts sent out reported the bridge just as we had left itpulled down. I also learned that the enemy had left Adamsville and the rumor from a citizen that they had lauded troops last night at Pitt~burg. Proceeding farther, my advance pickets reported the firing of signal- guns on the Pittsburg road near the fork; whereupon 1 left the main road to place my men between my camp and the enemy if all the rumors and excited reports should prove true, and also as my guns were in such a~ condition that they would not fire, and besides, Captain Robertsons company being without cartridge boxes, his ammunition was exposed to the rain and unfit for use. The signal-guns reported I cannot account for, unless they were the guns fired by the picket guards of our troops, 4 miles distant. As I discovered our pickets on this road undisturbed, I would remark that the caps we have are the common (1. D. caps, and will not fire after exposure to rain. I would also report that in obedience to your orders Captain McCaa enIploye(l a man and team to bring in your wagon. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, CHARLES BASKERVILLE, Major, (ommanding Second Mis8issippi (Battalion) Gavairy. Colonel ADAMS, Commanding Po8t. MARCH 11, 1862.Skirmish near Paris, Tenn. REPOIRTS. No. l.Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army. No. 2.Lieut. Charle~ H. Thurber, Battery I, First Missouri Light Artillery. No. 3.Capt. John T. Croft, Fifth Iowa Cavalry. No. 4.Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Maj. Gem. U. S. Grant, U. S.Army. FORT HENRY, March 13, 1862. Learning that rebel troops had assembled at Paris for the purpose of enforcing conscription orders of Governor Harris, I sent night before last a portion of Curtis Horse. Fifty-second Indiana, and ~ bat- Not found Page 17 CHAP. XXII] SKIRMISH NEAR PARIS, TENN. 17 tery. The enemy were driven from their works, situated about a mile and a half beyond the town, with the loss of probably 100 killed and wounded. Our loss was Captain Bulliss and 4 men killed and 5 men wounded. We have taken 8 prisoners. I am now engaged in sending more troops to the west bank of the river. The enemy are in force at Humboldt and might re-enforce their Paris troops in one day. U. S. GRANT, Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Saint ~~ie, ~ Major-General. No~ 2. Report of Lient. Charles H. Thurber, Battery I, First Missouri Light Artillery. HEADQUARTERS BUELS BATTERY, MISSOURI VOLS., In the Field, March 16, 1862. SIR: I have the honor most respectfully to submit the following report, not being certain that it is my duty to do so. However, it will probably be of some interest to you: On the 11th of March, 1862, about 8 oclock a. in., the battery under command of Capt. Robert E. Bulliss left Paris Landing, on Tennessee River, in Henry County, Tennessee, and proceeded under escort of four companies of cavalry, the whole under command of Capt. J. T. Croft, act- ing major First Battalion Curtis Horse, to attack the enemy at Paris, Tenn, where there were several hundred encamped, under command of Maj. H. C. King, about a mile beyond Paris. Our advance captured the pickets that were stationed this side of the town. Our force passed the town about 5 oclock p. in., and halted about a quarter of a mile from where we supposed the enemy were. The country being very hilly, we labored under great disadvantage in getting a suitable posi- tion for the battery. At last one was found on the right of the road on some rising ground. Only two companies of cavalry formed our sup- port. The other two companies were sent to reconnoiter the enemys posit on. They had not proceeded 300 yards from the battery when the enemy, who were lying in ambush, rose and fired two volleys into them, killing several. As soon as the cavalry returned we opened upon the enemy with effect, shelling them from their position and driving them to their camp, which place we also fired into, setting fire to several of their tents. Capt. Robert E. Bulliss fell in the early part of the engagement mortally wounded. It soon becoming dark, I was ordered to put the battery in motion, which I did, the whole force returning a short distance on the same road we came, where we camped for the night. The next morning, March 12, we proceeded to camp, 3 miles southward of Fort Heiman, Kentucky, where we are at present. The men of the battery worked the guns with the steadiness and accuracy of veterans. Their conduct was beyond my most sanguine expectations. The bridges along our return route were burning, and the command had to halt and extinguish and rebuild them before we could cross them. Captain Bulliss remains have been sent to Chicago, Ill., to his family. I remain, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. H. THURBER, First Lieutenant, Commanding Battery. CHESTER HARDING, Jr., Adjt. Gen. State of Missouri. 2 R RYOL Page 18 18 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIX. No. 3. Report of Capt. John T. Croft, Fifth Iowa Oava~ry. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BATTALION CURTIS HORSE, Port Heiman, March 13, 1862. SIR: In accordance with your instructions I left Fort Heiman during the night of the 11th. Proceeded with Bulliss battery of Saint Louis and the First Battalion of Curtis Horse [Fifth Iowa Cavalry] to Henry County, Tennessee, to afford protection to Union men, friends, and citi- zens of that county, who wished protection from being drafted on the 12th at Paris, Teun. Large numbers fell in and traveled in our rear for such protection. Our advance guard came upon the outer pickets about 6 miles from the town; on seeing them killed 2, taking their arms. I then detailed 20 men, under Lieutenant Williams, to advance cautiously and secure their pickets. This lie did successfully, surpris- ing them, taking 8 prisoners, with their horses and equipments. Among them was Captain Couts, of Stocks mounted infantry. Ascertaining about the enemys force, I made a charge upon the town. About 5 p. m. I ordered one section of Bulliss battery, the cavalry in advance, for a charge on the town, which we did successfully, driving the enemy before. We passed down Main street, with white flags hang- ing in every window, driving the enemy into their intrenchments, about a mile and a half west, in the timber on a high hill. Then we planted our battery, and soon shelled them from that portion of their grounds. Thinking it vacated, I ordered a charge up the hill with two coinpa- nies of cavalry (Companies A and B, under Captain Lower and Lieu- tenant Summers). About two-thirds the way up the hill we discovered the ambuscade. About 300 opened a terrible fire on us, but it passed over our heads. Companies A and B, much to their credit, returned a successful fire with revolvers and carbines of three volleys, returning with a loss of 5 killed and 3 wounded. I had the battery open a fire on them, causing a sad havoc among them. Captain Bulliss was mor- tally wounded in this fire. The action lasted a little more than an hour, then firing ceased. We fell back upon the town, cut off the telegraphic communication, took possession of the court-house and a large hotel for our sick and wounded. During the night I thought best to fall back here. We expected to find General Grant with a force of infantry. JOHN T. CROFT, General GRANT. [Captain], Commanding. No. 4. Report of Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. Army. HDQRS. FIRST GRAND DIv. ARMY OF THE MISSISSlPPI, Humboldt, March 17, 1862. SIR: In compliance with the dispatch from headquarters of the 14th, I inclose the accompanying statement,* furnished by Major King, of the affair of the 11th near Paris. In reply to the inquiry as to whether there were infantry troops at or near Paris at the time of the skirmish, I have to say that finding *Notfouu Page 19 Ciiir. XXII.] BIG CREEK GAP AND JACKSBOROUGH, TENN. 19 Major Kings battalion to be mounted rifles, and having two large companies of cavalry besides at my disposal, which I posted there, I deemed the spirit of the order to post a battalion of infantry at Paris complied with. The only troops, therefore, there were Kings Mounted Rifles and two companies of cavalry. Respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, Major- General, Commanding. Col. THOMAS JORDAN, Assistant Adjutant General, Jackson. MARCH 14, 1862.Skirmishes at Big Creek Gap and Jacksborough, Tenn. R~PORTS. No. 1.Col. James P. T. Carter, Second East Tennessee Infantry, U. S. Army. No. 2.Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Col. James P. 1. Carter, Second East Tennessee Infantry, U. S. Army. IIDQRS. SECOND EAST TENNESSEE VOLUNTEERS, Camp at Flat Lick, March 23, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to your order of the 8th instant to proceed to Big Creek Gap and Jacksborough, Campbell County, Tennessee, and capture or rout the rebel forces which were reported to be in that vicinity blockading roads and molesting the persons and property of Union citizens, I left with my command on the morning of the 10th instant, accompanied by Lient. Col. James Keigwin, of the Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteers, and marched to Big Creek Gap via Boston. My force consisted of the Second East Tennessee Regiment; Company A, of the First East Tennessee Regiment, Captain Cooper; Company B, of the Forty-ninth Indiana Regiment, Captain Thompson, and a detachment of Lieutenant-Colonel Mundays First Battalion Kentucky Cavalry. We arrived at the foot of the Cumberland Mountains, on the north side, on the 1~th instant, at 6 oclock p. m. I then learned that two com- panies of the First Tennessee Regiment rebel cavalry were encamped at Big Creek Gap. Finding the road completely blockaded, I detached the cavalry, and sent them aronud by another road, with orders to meet the main body of the command at a certain point on the opposite side of the mountain. Procuring the services of a guide, I divided my command, placing one portion under charge of Lieutenant-Colonel Kcigwin. We took up the line of march at 9 oclock p. in., intending to meet at a point on the opposite side of the mountain about daybreak. The distance we had to march was about 9 miles, yet so difficult was the ascent of the mountain that it was only by the superhuman exer- tions, as it were, oC the men that the march was made. The men, how- ever, bore it patiently, and moved on eager for the fray. Having to pass through narrow ways in single file, and the night being very dark, a portion of the infantry got lost, and did not arrive in time to take part in the skirmish. About 1,300 ef the infantry came upon the camps of the rebels, under command of Lient. Col. John F. White, at about 6 oclock a. m. of the 14th instant, and after a shar Page 20 20 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. skirmish of about five minutes the rebels were completely routed. The rebel loss was S men killed, 15 wounded, and 15 taken prisoners, among whom were Lieutenant-Colonel White and Lieutenant Hoyl. We captured 86 horses (27 killed), 7 mules, and several wagons, a large amount of camp and garrison equipage, a quantity of powder, and a large amount of quartermaster and commissary storesa suffi- cient amount of the latter to supply the command during their stay. It being impossible to bring off the quartermaster stores I caused them to be burned and the powder destroyed. Owing to the darkness of the night and the impassability of the roads the cavalry did not arrive till after the skirmish. Had the troops been able to get up in time I am satisfied that we could have succeeded in capturing the whole force. On the arrival of the cavalry we marched to Jacksborough, distance 5 miles, and there overtook the rear guard of the cavalry; killed 1 man and captured Capt. Edward Winston, of the Corps of Sappers and Miners. We hoisted the Stars and Stripes over the town, and on the 15th in- stant marched to Fincastle, and from thence to Woodsons Gap, where we encampe4 a few days. Learning that there was a manufactory of saltpeter in the neighbor- hood, I sent a detachment of cavalry with orders to destroy the same. They destroyed about 1,000 pounds of saltpeter, broke up the kettles, burned up the shed, and destroyed about 11,000 pounds of bacon and 20 sacks of flour. Our loss was 1 woundedLieutenant Myers, Company H, Second East tennessee Volunteers. His wound, however, is not dangerous. Officers and men behaved l~dmirably, and proved that they are ready and willing at all times to meet the rebels. The people through the section of country over which we passed are truly loyal in their senti- ments and hailed the advent of our troops with unbounded enthusiasm. Everything they had was freely tendered to us. We found forage and provisions abundant on the route after we left Boston. The position we had at Woodsons Gap was a very strong one, and could have been held against a large force, and had we been permitted to remain we would no doubt have had an opportunity of meeting the forces at Cumberland Gap which had been sent out to attack us, but on the 19th instant I received an order from you to report at head. quarters with my command at the earliest possible moment. I accord- ingly took up the line of march for this place on the 20th instant, and arrived here on the 23d instant without the loss of a single man. Your obedient servant, JAS. P. T. CARTER, Colonel Second liJa8t !Jennes8ee Volunteer8. Acting Brigadier-General CARTER, Comdg. Twelfih Brigade. No. 2. Report of Maj. Gen. II. Kirby Smith, C. AS~ Army. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE, Knoxville, March 15, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that the enemy, having passed the Cumberland Mountains, yesterday surprised and captured, without the fire of a gun, I believe, the larger number of two companies of the First East Tennessee Cavalry near Jacksborough.~ Their force con- sisted of a regiment of infantry Page 21 Ca& ~. XXIL] OCCUPATION OF PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. 21 Couriers who arrived last night bring the intelligence that they are moving in this direction. I have ordered forward to Clinton two Ala- bama regiments, the Third liegizneut Tennessee Volunteers, a battalion of North Carolina Volunteers, a section (two pieces) Third Maryland Artillery, and a portion First East Tennessee Cavalry (an aggregate of 2,000 men), the whole under the command of Col. D. Leadbetter, who has received such instructions from me as I thought necessary for the exigency. From what I have learned of the character of the troops from East Tennessee in our service, of their strong Union proclivities, greatly in- creased by their near relationship to and from intimate association with many citizens who have fled the country and espoused the Federal cause, I am satisfied the capture near Jacksborough was the result of treachery. Pickets detailed from them cannot be relied on, and even officers are not free from suspicion of more fidelity to the Federal than to our service, it is not an individual opinion that some of the regi- ments from this section are disloyal, but it is the conviction of many of our friends, who know the public sentiment prevailing in those counties in which they were raised and the strong personal ties which would influence them to become so. There is a want among them of that con- fidence in the loyalty of each other which would make them faithful in the discharge of their duty to their fellow soldiers and to the country, and this is aggravated, too, by the opinion, which exists to some extent, that East Tennessee cannot be defended by th~ force we have in the field, and must be abandoned upon the advance of the Federal Army. I cannot, therefore, too strongly urge upon the Department the pro- priety, if not the necessity, of removing these troops to some other point, where they cannot prove traitors, either by purchase or from love to the Federal Government, and where, if they do not make efficient soldiers, they cannot be tampered with by the enemy. If this be done, and their numerical strength be supplied by troops from other States, I am persuaded it would in every respect be to the advantage of the service. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. KIRBY SMITh, Major-General, Gonrirnanding. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond. MARCH 1417, 1862.Expedition from Savannah, Tenn., to Yellow Creek, Miss., and occupation of Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Brig. Gen. William T.. Sherman, U. S. Army, commanding expedition, with abstract from Record of Events in his division for the month of March, 1862. No. 2.Maj. Elbridge G. Ricker, Fifth Ohio Cavalry, of expedition against Memphis and Charleston Railroad. No. 3.Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, C. S. Army, of landing at Pittsbnrg, Tenn., with orders. No. 4.Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army, of expedition against Memphis and Charleston ~ailroad. No. 5.Lient. Col. John A. Jaqness, First Louisiana Infantry, of expedition against Memphis and Charleston Railroad Page 22 22 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army, commanding expedition. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, Steamer Continental, Savannah, Tenn., March 14, 1862. SIR: I would suggest, as a precautionary measure, after I pass up the river with one gunboat and my division, that the other gunboat and one division, say iluributs or Wallaces, move up to Pittsburg Landing and there await our return. My belief is that the enemys force under Cheatham will, after we pass Pittsburg, fall hack on Cor- inth. Yet, if the force at Corinth be already large, Cheatham may remain at or near Pittsburg Landing and embarrass our return. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Division. Captain MCMICHAEL, Assistant Adjutant- General. HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Steamer Continental, March 15, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that in obedience to the order of the major-general commanding, received at 10 a. m. on the 14th instant, I started from Savannah at 12 m. with my division, embarked in nine- teen steamboats, escorted by the gunboat Tyler, Commander Gwimi. We proceeded steadily up the river to the month of Yellow Creek, reaching that point at Tylers Lauding at 7 p. m. I ordered the immne- diate debarkation of the cavalry, consisting of six companies of the Fifth Ohio, under command of Maj. E. G. Bicker, and ordered him, under the guidance of a man named Bird, to proceed by the way of the Red Sulphur Springs to a point on the Memphis and Charleston road neai- Burnsville, there to tear up and destroy some trestle-work and as much of the railroad as time and the circumstances would permit. I ordered him to take axes, crowbars, and picks, and sent with him one of my chief aides, Major Sanger. It was 11 oclock at night before he got off, but as the estimated distance of 19 miles caused to be traveled in five hours, I dispatched him that he might execute his work before the news of an arrival could possibly reach Corinth or Inka, the two points on the railroad held by the enemy in force. The night was very stormy, heavy rain having fallen all day, but at the time of his departure it seemed to clear away; but the rain again began to fall, and continued all night and passed off to-day. The guide was of opinion that the Sandy, the only stream of consequence that. had to be passed, would offer no serious obstacle, but the amount of rain was so great that ravines became rapid torrents, creeks became as rivers, and streams such as the Sandy were utterly impassable. My plan was to follow up with the four brigades of my division to a point about half way, where the road branches to luka, and there await the return of the cavalry force, and accordingly ordered the First Brigade, Colonel Hicks, to move at 3 a in.; the Second Brigade, Col- onel Stuart, at 4; the Third Brigade, Colonel Hildebrand, and the Fourth Brigade, Colonel Buckland, at daylight. Notwithstanding the pouring rain and snow-storm the brigades wer Page 23 CUAP. XXII.] OCCUPATION OF PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. 23 put in motion at the hours appointed, but upon examination of the ground between the landing and the foot-hills I determined to halt the last two brigades and proceed to the appointed place with the first two, and by daylight took the road, leaving word to send forward frequent reports of the effect of the storm and rain upon the streams between the landing and high gronnd. These reports overtook me frequently, reporting the water as rising at the rate of 6 inches per hour. This and the terrible condition of the roads induced me to order back one of the two batteries. The head of the column was brought to a halt by the swollen creek without name 4~ miles out. Colonel Hicks partially bridged it, but the water soon rose above the timbers, and as our cavalry had passed it quite early in the night and had gone on, I ordered the construction of another bridge. While at work on this a messenger returned from the cavalry, stating that they had found it impossible to proceed and were returning. I awaited their return, received the verbal report of my aide, Major Sanger, an~l was satisfied that no human energy could have overcome the difficulty. The streams were impassable, save by the slow process of bridging, which was inconsistent with the object of our expedition. The rain was still falling and the slough to our rear rising rapidly. I ~aw no other alternative but to i~turn to our boats. On reaching the slough the water had risen so that the battery could not pass, and had to be taken to pieces and carried on boats down to the steamboat. The severity of the storm and amount of rain which fell in those few hours are shown by the fact that the Tennessee rose 15 feet from 7 p. m. of yesterday till 6 p. m. to-day. The landing, which was last evening ten feet above water, is now submerged from the bank back to the bluff. Disappointed in this result, I deter mined to proceed farther np the river (Tennessee) to another landing, at the mouth of Indian Creek, almost in sight of the enemys redoubt at Chickasaw, and Commander Gwin politely offered me the use of his gunboat. I found the landing utterly inaccessibleentirely under water. To keep the enemy in mind of our presence the gunboat was run up to the point within range of their rifled guns of the battery at Chickasaw, but we could see little or nothing of a force there, although Captain Gwin had on a former occa- sion drawn their fire from five gulls, two of which are rifled and of heavy caliber. Finding the whole shore under water from Chickasaw down to Pittsburg, I had no alternative but to run down to the latter place and report to you. The ob~ject of our expedition failed on account of the severe rain, but we obtained much information useful for future operations. Lieutenant Jenney, of Engineers, of your staff, who was omi board the gunboat, has compiled a map, which embraces all the authentic data collected, which he will hand you. I understand the enemy has fortified Chickasaw, and has there a force of some 3,000 or 4,Ot)Q. Back of Chickasaw, at the Bear Creek Bridge, is also represented a large camp, but the main force is quartered at Juka and Corinth. They are shifted from one to the other and back again, but the accounts of the actual force vary so widely that I do not pretend to form an opinion, but knowing the inll)ortance to them of the safety of the Charleston arid Memphis Railroad, no one can doubt that between those two points will be gathered all the force they can command. The bridges all(1 trestle-work are generally guarded, not with least care, at the point I aimed at neam~ Bnrnsville, as no (Ioubt the fact of our land- ing an(l marching into the interior has reached them. We should no Page 24 24 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XX1L expect any further neglect on their part. For the present the condition of the boat will prevent her going to Pittsburg, from which point there can be but one point of attack, and that is Corinth. All the Union people whom I found (and they were few) represent Corinth as the place where they expect an attack. Yet, by seemingly advancing on Corinth with a well-appointed force, and sending off a small party of cavalry to the left, by Farmington, it may be still that the interruption of the road without a general engagement could be successfully accomplished. I am willing to undertake it with such force as the general may designate. Inclosed please find the report of Major Ricker. The return of the division for yesterday gives the strength, to which has been added six companies Fifth Ohio Cavalry, one battery of four rifled 10-pounder Parrott guns, Captain , and Colonel McDowell Sixth Iowa Jn- fantry, from none of which have morning reports yet been submitted. I await the generals further orders at Pittsburg Landing. I am, sir, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Capt. WILLI~ MCMICHAEL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. As8istant Adjutant- General, Savannah, Tenn. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, Steamer Gontinental, Pittsburg Landing, March 16, 1862. SIR: Inclosed please find a report of Major Bowman, Fourth Illinois Cavalry.* The general impression of General Huribut here and of the l)eople is that the cavalry of the enemy is scattered all over the country in small bands. I have been out to Bethel, 3 miles, and think the force which was here was a regiment of infantry and four companies of cavalry. General Cheathams force has gone toward Pardy. I have made preparations for a strong reconnaissance toward Corinth, which I will convert into a destruction of the telegraph and railroad lines if possible, and report its result as soon as I return. I will use the cavalry and my division. General Hurlbut will guard this point. A full return will be sent to-morrow. I will send down the two companies of the Fifth Ohio as soon as the reconnaissance is complete. W. T. SHERMAN Capt. W~LIAM MCMICHAEL, Brigadier-General, Cominanding. Assistant Adjutant-General. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, Pittsburg Landing, March 17, 1862. SIR: Last night I dispatched a party of cavalry at 6 p. in., under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Heath, Fifth Ohio Cavalry, for a strong reconnaissance, if possible, to be converted into an attack upon the Memphis road. The command got off punctually, followed at 12 at night by the First Brigade of my division, commanded by Colonel Mc- Dowell, the other brigade to follow in order. Not found Page 25 CEAP. XXII.] OCCUPATION OF PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. 25 About 1 at night the cavalry returned, reporting the road occupied in force by the enemy, with whose advance guard they skirmished, driv- ing them back about a mile, taking 2 prisoners, and having their chief guide, Esquire Thomas Maxwell, wounded, and 3 men of the Fourth Illinois. Inclosed please find the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Heath ; * also a copy of his instructions and the order of march. As soon as the cavalry returned I saw that an attempt on the road was frustrated, and accordingly have placed McDowells brigade to our right front guarding the pass of Snake Creek, Stuarts brigade to the left front to watch the pass of Lick Creek, and shall this morning move directly out on the Corinth road, about 8 miles, to or towards Pea Ridge, which is a key-point to the Southwest. General llurlbuts division will be landed to-day, and the artillery and infantry disposed so as to defend Pittsburg, leaving my division entire for any movement by rail or water. As near as I can learn there are five regiments of infantry at Purdy, at Corinth, and distributed along the railroad to Juka are probably 30,000 men, but my information from prisoners is very indistinct. Every road and path is occupied by the enemys cavalry, whose orders seem to be to fire a volley, retire, again fire and retire. The force on the Purdy road attacked and driven by Major Bowman yesterday was about 60 strong. That encountered last night on the Corinth road was about five companies of Tennessee cavalry, sent from Purdy about 2p. m. yesterday. I hear there is a force of two regiments on Pea Ridge, at the point where the Purdy and Corinth road comes in from this place. I am satisfied we cannot reach the Memphis and Charleston Road without a considerable engagement, which is prohibited by General Hallecks instructions, so that I will be governed by your orders of yes- terday to occupy Pittsburg strongly. Extend the pickets so as to in- clude a semicircle of 3 miles, and push strong reconnaissance as far as Lick Creek and Pea Ridge. I will send down a good many boats to-day to be employed as you may direct, and would be obliged if you would send us if possible a couple thousand sacks of corn, as much hay as you can possibly spare, and if possible a barge of coal. I will send a steamboat under care of the gunboat to collect corn from cribs oii the river bank. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Eir8t Dirnswn. Capt. WILLIAM MCMICHAEL, Assistant Adjutant-General. [Inclo8ures.] HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, & earner Continental, March 16, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel HEATH, Commanding Detachment of Cavalry: SIR: You will take command of the cavalry this day ordered and start on the Corinth road, proceeding continually with advance guard and flankers. When you reach the vicinity of Lick Creek Bridge ex- Not found Page 26 26 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CRAP. XXIL amine it cautiously, and make disposition as though you designed to picket that point; then proceed np Pea Ridge along the road where the Purdy road comes in by a large plantation. At that point consult with Majors Bowman and Sanger, and if they advise it, strike for the Charles- ton and Memphis Railroad, destroy the telegraphic wires and a part of the railroad, aud return either by the Elamburg road or by the road you go. I will follow with a strong infantry and artillery force, and be either at the Lick Creek Bridge or Pea Ridge, at which point commu- nicate with me. Dont hesitate to make the attempt at the railroad unless you have strong evidence of its too hazardous character. The object is worth a desperate effort. I send with you a good guide, and herewith a good sketch of the intervening country. Trusting to your discretion and wishing you all success, I am, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIvISIoN, No. 12. Pittsburg, Tenn., Marcl& 16, 1862. The four brigades of this division will march from Pittsburg on the Corinth road, armed and equipped for a two days march, in the fol- lowing order: The First Brigade will move at midnight to-night; the Second Bri- gade will move at 1 a. in.; the Third Brigade will move at 4 a. in.; the Fourth Brigade will move at daylight. The head of the column will have a guide and will move by way of Bethel, the Bark road, Jack Chambers farm, and take position at sonic point about 10 miles out, to cover reconnaissance of cavalry. The column will move slowly and deliberately, with advance guard and flankers, and in case of attack each brigade or regiment will send word to the rear and defend their ground. Commanders of brigades will at once report to the commanding general and receive full instructions. He will after seeing the brigades fairly started join the advance. The commanding general again cautions the commanders of brigades, regiments, and companies to keep in good, close order, to l)revent even marching by side paths, but to keep in ranks as on parades. Frequent rests by brigades should be orderedthe progress about 2 miles per hour. Troops marching thus make a better impression than when they straggle on the road. Guides will be provided as far as possible, but commanders of bri- gades may impress citizens as guides, to be treated kindly bat firmly. By order of Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman: J. H. HAMMOND, Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, Pittsburg Landing, March 17, 1862. SIR: The object indicated by General Smith for me to accomplish is to cut the Charleston and Memphis road, without a general or serious engagement. This is impossible from here, because the ground is well watched and a dash cannot be made. I have tried it twice. The first time defeated by rains, storms, and high water; the second by coining in contact with a cavalry force of the enemy, which was defeated Page 27 27 CHAP. XXII.] OCCUPATION OF PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. routed, and dispersed in utter confusion, evidences of which met us at every part of the road beyond the scene of conflict to the extent of our reconnaissancehorses loose and mired in the bottoms, saddles, sabers, shot-guns scattered through the wood and along the several roads and by-paths by which they retreated toward Purdy. The mode of accomplishing the important object first indicated is this: To advance with considerable display on the Corinth road by a large force as far as Pea Ridge, then dispatch by a good steamer, under convoy of the gunboat, to Tylers Landing, about 200 cavalry and a regiment of infantry, to make that point at 6 p. m. and to take its immediate departure for the railroad, 19 miles off, at a place called Bnrnsville. We attempted this, but were defeated by the rain. The small streams have now run out, and I think the plan practicable. The enemy knows that we have abandoned Tylers Landing and have concentrated here. Grumps Landing is a good point also, as there is a considerable force at Purdy. I was well out there to-day, and think there is some mistake about the road being broken to the north of Purdy, for a very intelli- gent man says he saw the train leaving Purdy for Jackson yesterday. This road can easily be reached now from here. The difficulty is with the other road, which is watched, because of its great importance. To advance on Corinth iu force we should make use of several roads; our troops drag out too long on a single country road. From Tylers Landing, Pittsburg, and Cramps, as well as Hamburg, troops could move concentrically on Corinth or could cross the road at any other point. I am trying my best to find out the strength of the euemy at these points, but thus far am unsuccessful. I am, in haste, yours, ~. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Capt. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General. HRADQUARTERS FIRST Dr~rIsION, Pittsburg Landing, March 17, 1862. SIR: I have just returned from reconnaissance towards Corinth and Purdy, and am strongly impressed with the importance of the position, both for its land advantages and its strategic position. The ground itself admits of easy defense by a small command, and yet affords ad- inirable camping ground for a hundred thousand men. I will as soon as possible make or cause to be made a topographical sketch of the position. The only drawback is that at this stage of water the space for landing is contracted too much for the immense fleet now here dis- charging. I will push the landing and unloading, but suggest you send at once here (Captain Dodds, if possible) the best quartermaster you can, that he may control and organize this whole matter. I have good commis- saries, and will keep as few provisions afloat as possible. Yours, & c., -~-. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Capt. JOHN A. RAwLn~s, Assistant Adjutant-General Page 28 28 KY., TENTN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, No.13. ~ Steamer Continental, March 17, 1862. I. The division of General Huribut will disembark and establish its camp on a line perpendicular to the road about one mile from the river. After establishing the line details will be sent back to the boats to debark the transportation, stores, & c. II. The men must be kept to their proper places, and no soldier shall pass the line without being sent on duty by the proper authority. The artillery and cavalry of the command will also disembark and encamp at points designated by the commanding general. III. General Shermans division will remain on board transports, and hold themselves in readiness to move promptly in any direction, by land or water. IV. The boats at the landing will give place to those having on board the division of General Hurlbut in troops. citizen will order to facilitate their landing the be allowed to come within the lines, and the guards will be carefully instructed to make pilsoners of all found lurking in the neighboring country, unless they are on their own farms and at their own work, when they must be encouraged and protected. Wagons loaded with forage will be allowed to come as far as the lines, but must not come inside the lines. The Twentieth Ohio Volunteers will also disembark, and encamp on the ridge to the south of the landing. By order of Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman: J. H. HAMMOND, Assistant Adjutant. General. Abstract from Record of Events in Shermans division for March.* The division embarked in steamboats at Paducah March 8, and ar- rived at Fort Henry March 9, and at Savannah, Tenn., March 11. March 14, disembarked at mouth of Yellow Creek, Mississippi, and sent cavalry to destroy railroad, but the heavy rains had so swollen the streams that the country was impassable. On the 16th dropped down to Pittsburg Landing, and disembarked and attempted destruction of railroad. Cavalry encountered a force, which was routed, but failed in the undertaking. Division went into camp, extending from the Purdy to the Hamburg road, 2A miles back from the landing, on 19th. On the 24th made a strong reconnaissance of Pea Ridge, 10 miles toward Corinth. The division is employed in drill and reconnoitering the country to the front. The condition of arms, clothing, and subsist. ence is good. Drill improving. No. 2. Report of Maj. Elbridge G. Ricker, Fifth Ohio Cavalry, of expedition against Memphis and Charleston Railroad. STEAMER DIAMOND, March 15, 1862. SIR: At 11.30 oclock p. in., March 14, 1862, with some 400 cavalry, I started to execute your command to destroy the Memphis and Charles. *From division return for month of March, 1862 Page 29 CHAP. XXIL1 OCCUPATION OF PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. 29 ton Railroad at a point between Corinth and luka. The incessant rains had so swollen the creeks on our line of march that we were compelled to make a circuit of some miles to evade the high water, swimming one, at which we came very near losing 3 men and 2 horses by drowning. At this point we lost all our picks and axes. We pushed forward, the rain falling in torrents. At 4 oclock a in., March 15, we reached a creek (name unknown) over which the bridge was afloat. After consultation with the officers it was decided that farther progress would endanger the command, without any possibility of executing your orders. We reached the boat at 11.30 a. m. From all the information I could ob. tam I am of the opinion there was no force in the vicinity of any im- portance. Respectfully, yours, E. G. BICKER, Major, Second Battalion Fifth Regiment Ohio Cavalry. Brigadier-General SHERMAN, Commanding Division. No. 3. Reports of Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, C. S. Army, of landing at Pitts burg, Tenn., with orders. CORINTH, MISS., March 16, 18622 a. m. The enemy has landed in force at Pittsburg. The scouts estimate them at 30,000. DANIEL BUGGLES, General, Commanding. General A. SIDNEY JOHNSTON, Deeatur, Ala. CORINTH, March 16, 18626 a. m. The report that the enemy has landed in force at Pittsburg has been confirmed. Hold your force, not guarding coast, bridges, and working guns, in readiness for any movement. DANIEL RUGGLES, Brigadier-General, C. S. Army. Brigadier-General CHALMERS, luka. CORINTH, March 16, 18626 a. in. The report that the enemy has landed in force at Pittsburg has been confirmed. Hold yourself~ Clantons cavalry (one company excepted), and Chal- mers Mississippi regiment ready to move when ordered. DANIEL RUGGLES, Brigadier-General, C. S. Army. Brig. Gen. IL P. WALKER, Tuscumbia Page 30 30 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. CORINTH, March 16, 18624 p. m. There is no doubt that the enemy has lauded in force at Pittsburg. The doubt that was stated in connection with this matter no longer ex- ists. General Bragg desired me to communicate with you freely. DANIEL IRUGGLES, Brigadier- General, C. S. Army. General A. SIDNEY JOHNSTON, Decatur, Ala. No. 4. Report of Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army, of expedition against Memphis and Charleston Railroad. CORINTH, March 17, 1862. The enemy landed near Yellow Creek [March 14], with artillery and cavalry; marched 3 miles in the direction of Burnsville, and then went back to their boats. Suppose that the roads were impassable. JAMES R. CHALMEIRS, General HUGGLES. Brigadier- Gener~i. No. 5. Reports of Lieut. Col. John A. Jaquess, First Louisiana Infantry, of expedition against Memphis and Charleston Railroad. FARMINGTON, Miss., Saturday Evening, March 15, 1862. GENERAL: After I had sent ~my dispatch of last night the enemy began to land troops from the transports; in what numbers I could not ascertain, although I believe them considerable. Among them was a force of cavalry, which advanced upon and drove in my pickets, and then advanced as if to take a position immediately in my rear. Fearing that my command would be cut off, I determined to retire from the position which I then occupied. My march in this direction was commenced at 2.30 oclock a. m. The enemys cavalry followed for some distance, but did not approach near enough for us to engage them. In con~equence of the smallness of my command, being without rations and forage and the men being completely exhansted by the active nature of their duties and the inclement weather which has pre- -ailed for several days, 1 concluded to fall back upon this place and await further instructions. I wonid respectfully suggest that at least one full company of cavalry be added to the infantry assigned to this duty, as owing to the peculiar nature of the country it is impossible for infantry properly and fully to l)ertormn the service required of them. I shall have the honor of reporting in person to-morrow morning. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN A. JAQUESS, Lieutenant- C~olonel, tfomdg. Detachment Louisiana infantry. Brig. Gen. DANIEL RIJGGLES, Commanding C. S. Forces, Corinth, Mis8 Page 31 CHAP. IXIL] OPERATIONS ABOUT GALLATIN, TENN. 31 FARMINGTON, ~unday, March 16, 18621.30 a. m. Sin: Through a citizen who lives near Red Sulphur Springs, and who I had engaged to furnish me information, I have just learned that the enemy made an unsuccessful attempt to march to Burnsvill~ night before last. They were unable to cross Yellow Creek in conse- quence of its swollen condition. They returned to their boats yesterday, and were this morning still at the mouth of Yellow Creek. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN A. JAQUESS, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. Detachment Louisiana Infantry. Capt. Ro~ MASON boB, A. A. G. First Div., Second Grand Division Army of the Miss. MARCH 1518, 1862.Morgans operations about Gallatin, Tenn. Report of Capt. John H. Morgan, Kentucky Cavalry (Confederate). SHELBYVILLE, TENN., March 19 1862. Sin: I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of a portion of my command on the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th inst.: At about 4 oclock p. m. on the 15th instant, with Colonel Wood and a detachment of 40 men, I left Murfreesborough for Gallatin, having learned that no Federal forces remained at that place. The chief ob- jects of the expedition were to intercept the mail, to destroy the rolling stock on the road, to make prisoners, and to obtain information of interest to the service. Our destination was kept secret, and the command having been sent from Murfreesborough in separate parties by difibrent roads to unite at some distance from town, it was impossible that the enemy could be apprised of the movement until after the blow was struck. A citizen of Murfreesborough, whose zeal and loyalty are undoubted, made the necessary arrangement of runners to keep us perfectly posted as to any movement that might be made with the view of cutting us off. Our first march, conducted mostly at night, carried us about 2 miles beyond Lebanon. Early next morning continued the march, crossing the Cumberland at Canoe Branch Ferry, and reached Gallatin about 4 oclock p. m. Leaving the command just outside the town, Colonel Wood, myself, and the men, disguised as Federals, entered and took possession. The colonel, myself, and 2 men galloped to the depot and secured the tele- graph operator, his instruments, books, & c. Among the papers found are several orders of General Buells, some in cipher, which please find inclosed.* We secured also, a few minutes after, as it came in, an engine and tender, carrying a number of carpenters to repair the road. They were made prisoners, but were released as we left the town. As soon as the citizens were made aware that we were Confederate troops every facility was afforded us to carry out our plans. Upon securing the en- gine we at once commenced to accumulate all the rolling stock (a large quantity) on the main track preparatory to burning. When this was completed the fire was applied, and in the course of an hour all except the engine was rendered permanently useless. That night, having l)icketed securely, we remained in Gallatin. The next morning we destroyed the water tank, and taking the engine the colonel and myself *1{ot found Page 32 32 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. LCHAP. XXII. proceeded some miles up the road wilt a view of discovering any ap. proach of the enemy or the mail train. In the mean time 1 first lieu- tenant and 4 privates of Griders regiment, on their way to Nashville, were taken by the pickets. The mail train being some hours behind time, and learning that our presence might have become known, we concluded to withdraw and re- turn to Murfreesborough. Shortly after leaving Gallatin we learned that a party of 20 of the enemy, in charge of 3 prisoners were approaching Gallatin by the Scotts. ville road. It was determined to cut them oIL Pushing the prisoners with a guard across the Cumberland we returned to effect the capture. Having taken our position on the road so as to secure the capture of all, and when within a half a mile of them, they were warned of danger by a negro, and fled precipitately to the woods, Captain Austin, in charge, making his escape on a horse cut from a buggy. It being too dark to follow, we remained, picketing the road until morning. No further op- portunity offering, we commenced our march to Murfreesborough, and after traveling about 60 miles reached there about 2 oclock the next morning. We were made acquainted just before reaching the latter place that a body of Federal cavalry had ridden through the town the evening be- fore and that the enemy were in large force near by. We remained about 12 miles from town long enough to ascertain their exact locality, and then passed safely through, with~ 2 miles of their infantry. We reached Shelbyville about 4 oclock p.m. to-day, the men and horses a good deal jaded. Yesterday seven transports passed down the Cumberland, carrying the remnant of Thomas division. As our party had not entirely crossed we did not fire into them. From all we could learn the enemy has com- menced to move. A large body of cavalry was seen on the road to Columbia. It is believed that the enemy have sent a large force down the Tennessee by boats7 and will also move in force across the country. It is reported in Nashville that they intend to end the campaign before June. The prisoners will be sent forward in the 3 oclock train to-mor- row. Pursuant to General Johnstons instructions 1 shall start early to- morrow with my command for Huntsville. I have omitted to mention that before leaving Gallatin the engine was destroyed, thus leaving but one on the road, another having been broken up by accident a few days before. I have ascertained beyond all doubt that Love, a man of my com- mand who was taken prisoner in the affair of the 8th instant (since died), was shot after being taken. The whole country through which we passed turned out in masses to welcome us. I have never before wituessed such enthusiasm and feel- ing; men, women, and children never wearied in their efforts to minister to [our] wants. All expressed themselves gratified at the presence of Southern soldiers in their midst. A handsome flag was presented by the ladies of Gallatin, and some accompanied us even to the ferry. Upon our return a number of Colonel Bates regiment were enabled to accompany us. Deeming it important for the accomplishment of the expedition, I re- quested Colonel Wood to accompany me. Very respectfully, yours, JOHN H. MORGAN, Commandfr~g. Maj. Gen. W. J. HAun]~, Gommanding Division Page 33 CHAP. XXII.] ACTION AT POUND GAP, KY. 33 MARCH 16, 1862.Action at Pound Gap, Ky. REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Brig. Gen. James A. Garfield, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall, C. S. Army, with orders and circulars. No. 3.Maj. John B. Thompson, Twenty-first Virginia Battalion. No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. James A. Garfteld, U. 8. Army. PIKETON, Ky., March 17, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have just returned from an expedition of four days to the Pound Gap. I took with me 600 infantry and 100 cavalry. On the 16th instant attacked 500 rebels under Maj. J. B. Thompson, intrenched at the Pound Gap, on the summit of the Cumberland Mountains. After a fight of less than twenty minutes the rebels were totally routed. They abandoned everything. We occupied their camp that night, and the next morning burned their quarters, consisting of 60 log huts and their three large buildings for quartermaster and commissary stores and hospital. I have preserved their muster rolls and other official documents, together with a number of important letters. My cavalry pursued them 6 miles into Virginia. There were no casualties on our side. The enemy lost 7 killed and wounded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. A. GARFIELD, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Capt. J. B. FRY, A. A. U., Chief of Staffi HEADQUARTERS EIGHTEENTH BRIGADE, Piketon, Ky., March 18, 1862. DEAR SIR: A few days ago I learned that General Marshall had ordered the militia of Wise, Scott, and Lee Counties to muster on the 15th instant, with six days provisions, and aid in guarding the mountain passes at the Camberland and Pound Gaps. In order to prevent a con- centration of forces at the latter place I left here on the 14th instant, with a detachment of infantry from the Fortieth Ohio, under Colonel Cranor; the Forty-second, under Major Pardee; the Twenty-second Kentucky, under Major Cook, amounting in all to 600, and 100 cavalry, under Major McLaughlin, and, packing a few days provisions on mules, proceeded up the Big Sandy, and reached the foot of the Cumberland Mountains a few miles below Pound Gap in the night of the 15th. A force of 500 Virginia troops, under the command of Maj. J. B. Thomp- son, held the Gap, and had built a strong breastwork on the summit of the mountain, and had also obstructed the road on the Kentucky side by felling heavy trees across it. Early on the morning of the 16th I ordered Major McLaughlin to. advance directly up the main road leading to the Gap and attack the enemy in front, while the infantry were led by an unfrequented path to the summit of the mountain, 1 mile to the left of the Gap. I had divided the infantry, into two columns, and ordered Colonel Cranor to lead one to the farther foot of the mountain, and thence ascend the Gap road from the other side, while the remaining column should advance 3 R RYOL Page 34 34 KL, TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAr. XXIL along the summit. I had thus hoped to attack the enemy in front and flank at the same time, and also to cut off his retreat by the Abing- (ion road, but by some oversight the path down the farther side of the mountain was not discovered until the head of the column was so far past it as to cause too great a delay in the attack in case it should be sent back. The difficulty of the ascent, which was increased by-the heavy snow-storm which was then raging, delayed me beyond the ap- pointed time, and Major McLaughlin lna(le an attack in front, but affor a sharp skirmish was compelled to retreat. It had sufficed, however, to draw the enemys attentioii in that quarter, and the infantry had almost reached the Gap before they were discovered. The enemy formed in line of battle and made a show of resistance, but a half a dozen volleys at long range, by which 1 of his men was killed and several wounded, broke his line, and his whole force fled in confusion, and took refuge among the ravines and thick undergrowth of the mountains. My skirmishers followed them until they were completely scattered, and as 500li as the cavalry reascended the hill I sent them forward to pursue such as had taken the main road to Abingdon. They pursued them 6 miles, until they were totally dispersed. The enemy had two camps, one at the summit of the mountain and the other 1~ miles distant, near its f~Lrther foot. Their quarters con- sisted of 60 log huts, capable of containing from 15 to 20 men each, and two large buildings for quartermaster and commissary stores. They had abandoned everything in their precipitate flight. After preserving their muster rolls, official records, and a large number of letters (several from General Marshall), and such articles as could at once be made serviceable to my men, 1 burned their huts and contents, a half dozen army wagons, and a large quantity of stores. There were no casualties on our side, but the march was a severe one. It rained and snowed nearly the whole time and the men were obliged frequently to ford streams. From an autograph letter of General Mar- shalls, found in the camp and bearing date March 12, I learn that he had gone to Lebanon, and is preparing to make a stand at Moccasin Gap, 20 miles this side of Abingdon. His attempt to raise the State militia has proved a failure. The people of that part of Virginia are heartily sick of the rebellion, and have not generally responded to his call. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. A. GARFIELD, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Gapt. J. B. FRY, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 2. Reports of Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall, C. AS. Army. LEBANON, Ky., March 19, 1862. GENERAL: Since I closed my letter to you I have received from Major Thompson, commanding at Pound Gap, a dispatch for orders, (lated I $th, at Gladesville, Wise County. It confirms the rumor that reached me on the night of the 17th. Major T. says: I got out with all my men. I fought them nearly an hour and a half, until my retreat was nearly cut off. Then I was forced to retreat. The enemy was 2,500 in- fantry and 100 cavalry. My men are entirely without tents orblankets Page 35 Ca& p. XXII.] ACTION AT POUND GAP, KY. 35 I observe, if the strength of the enemy is not overestimated, he has commenced and must keep on, for he cannot subsist where he has stopped; therefore I shall exert my full power to get as large a force as possible together as quickly as possible, and if he does not follow up his advantage (~) J will try his base to see if he relies on the Sandy. I have a cavalry force on the Louisa road in 2 miles of the State line, and only about 25 miles from Pikeville, which I shall order to bura his supplies at Pike[ville] if the thing can be effected. But I believe he will not attempt to maintain himself at Pound Gap, and I fear his force moves to attract me, while a heavier force is moving from the head of the Sandy and Guyandotte on to Tazewell Court-House. If so, his occupancy of the valley of Clinch River is a misfortune imminent. If he has only 2,500 infantry he will not advance, but will retire again to Pikeville. If he does advance 1 will defeat him with the force I have say 1,500 men. I shall not hesitate to engage him if these turn out to be the facts after he puts 50 miles of famine country behind him. My orders are given to concentrate at Clinch River. My mounted battalion goes forward to Guest Station and pickets in front of Glades- ville. This will bring us in proximity to each other and something will turn up. I hear that 7,500 is the force to be moved from Pikeville, and it may be 5,000 are on the other road now, hut 1 think not. How it is expected I can repulse these with about 1,400 men, when the enemy is spread over a country of 40 miles or more in breadth, you can tell better than I can. I suggested re-enforceinents long since and deeply regret they are not here. Please send me the order to disband that special service battalion, and leave it to my discretion how to proceed in the case. Yours, respectfully, & c, H. MARSHALL, Brigadier-General, P A. 0. ~ General R. E. LEE, Commanding 0. ~. Army, Richmond, Va. LEBANON, VA., March 20, 1862. GENERAL: I inclose the official report of Major Thompson, exhibit- ing the circumstances under which he lost his position at Pound Gap. Except as permitting the enemy to be insolent the affair i~ of no earthly consequence When I came out of Kentucky I had an idea Pound Gap was an important place, to be held at any price, but subse- quent investigation into the topography of the country proved to me that it could be turned in at least six or seven ways, and that it could be cut off from Abingdon without going nearer than 30 miles of it, or at 18 miles of it, or at 9, 7, or 4, or 2 miles; this from the Pikeville side. From the Cumberland side in at least half a dozen other ways. One can pass from Whitesburg to Gladesville, 15 miles west of Pound Gap, and save 10 miles betw~ii the places. I sent my sick on horse- back through that route. I drove a lot of hogs through the same pass. One can drive wagons from the Pound, 4 miles this side of the Gap, through to Cumberland Ford, 15 miles in front of Cumberland Gap. I have sent wagons down on the Poor Fork of Cumberland after corn, and they have returned to the Pound laden. These were actual demon- strations of the correctness of my conclusions. Hence I moved all the public property away from Pound Gap. When this foice caine upo Page 36 36 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL Major Thompson there was nothing there but two or three disabled wagons and a few bushels of salt and something of that sort. The enemy paid more than everything he obtained in the exposition he made of his own plans. I have no doubt now he means to advance by the Louisa road upon Tazewell, and is acting in conjunction with columns moving up New River and Guyandotte River. I have infor- mation from the interior, likely to be well posted, that the Sandy column is to be 7,500 strong, and that on the Kanawha 15,000, the latter being actually in motion. I suppose that a small column, probably under General Cox, is -on the Guyandotte. Under all the lights before me, and considering that I have nearly no force, I determined to prepare the militia; then when the enemy moved on Pound Gap I determined to put the militia into the field. I inclose the orders I issued for this purpose. The General Commanding will see that I have gone somewhat far in attempting to compel service out of Kentuckians who have fled from home, but I hope I shall not be thwarted in this purpose. I would put them into a camp, by my con- scription, as quickly and as positively as any act I could possibly per- form. These fellows have fled from the district in which I ani sup- posed to command in all directions. Many have gone back to Kentucky through Lee County, where the gaps have not been guarded. It is through these channels the enemy has obtained all the information he wanted. They came, violating no order and would actually visit me. I suspected some and put some in jail. I have five oi six in jail now. It is of no use to try them before a court. I cannot get any witnesses against them, but I know their past villainy, and I keep them where they can do no further harm. They are all Kentuckians I have in jail here and at Abingdon. If martial law prevailed they would have been shot or hung, every one of them. I will not weary you with a detail of their crimes. In coming to Pound Gap the enemy had the best guidescitizens who know every hog-path in the country. I have the names of several who thus ofliciatedcitizens of Virginia. One of my scouts captured a militia captain in Buchanan County actually doing picket duty as a Union man, but he escaped from the men after his arrest; so they reported at headquarters. Several citizens of Wise County joined the enemy in his late raid on Pound Gap, and I learn that they are making up a Union company or two in Wise County, and also some movement is going oim of the same sort in Buchanan. Energetic measures must be adopted to defend this part of the State, and my opinion is that it is folly to delay. I advise the declaration of martial law over the counties north of the railroad, but at all events in the counties of Lee, Wise, Buchanan, McDowell, and Wyoming; these constituting the border between us and the enemy. In parts of this county the militia refuse to turn out. I ordered the colonel to send a guard and bring them to the muster. When I niarch those away who have turned out, I propose to detach an officer of mili- tia with a party of men, whose exclusiv~ duty it shall be to catch the others amid send them to camp, so as to let the people know that the defense of the country is a duty they cannot avoid. This is the levy en masse, and he who evades it should be compelled. Unless I am over- ruled 1 shall enforce the call I have made to such an extent as to draw out the whole military strength of this section of the first class (from eighteen toforty-five), butthe display of arms is pitiful. The militia have comparatively no arms. There is not one in twenty who has arms, ye Page 37 CRAP. XXII.] ACTION AT POUND GAP, KY. 37 they are a fine looking set of men and go at the work quite cheerfully. Cannot the Governor of Virginia furnish arms or the Government of the Confederate States? My plan is to put such as cannot produce arms or cannot be supplied with them into a camp of instruction in my rear, and drill them in the movements of company and battalion until they can get arms, when of course they may be marched at once to the battle. No time is desig- nated for them to turn out, and so. I tarn them out until they shall be discharged. I hope to raise 5,000 by this process, but I do not look for any greater nnmber from the counties assigned to me. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, H. MARSHALL, Brigadier- General, Provisional Army Confederate States. GENERAL ORDERS, )~ LEBANON, VA., No. 6. f March 14, 1862. The brigadier-general commanding directs that hereafter all passage and communication across the Cumberland range of mountains between Kentucky and Virginia, either way, within the boundaries of Lee, Wise, and Buchanan Counties, shall cease, unless the same shall be conducted under military passport from brigade headquarters. Any future infraction of this order will, if detected at any time, be summarily punished. The general relies on his officers to assist him in the execution of a requisition so palpably connected with and neces- sary to the welfare of the people as this is. The country is infested with spies. Unless a man now comes from Kentucky to join the army and to assist to defend his country and to secure the independence of the Southern Confederacy he had better remain at home. If he is living at home, subdued by tyranny, or satisfied with the usurpations of Lin- coln, and has only enterprise enough to come into the Southern States to collect money or to arrange business connected with property, such a man had better stay away from a people whose Whole energies now belong to their country. Any man who wishes to enlist will sign the articles of enlistment and put himself at once under orders at the outposts. Such we hail as friends and make them our comrades. Let no others pass. If any others do pass arrest them and put them into camp under the instruc- tion of a (Irill master, to teach them in the school of the soldier until they are ready to be attached to a company. Good men, who are friends to the South, will not regret such coercion. Enemies will thus be harmlessly employed, and we ma~y convert them into friends by healthy exercise and continued association. No distinction of persons will be made in the execution of this order. No ties of friendship or relations of kindred shall justify an infraction of it. No plea of business oi ot interest will serve to avoid its force. The man who is (letected hereafter in stealing through the lines of this army, knowing that he is violating this order, 8hall be treated as a spy summarily. By order of H. MARSHALL, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 38 38 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII CIRCULAR.] HDQRS. 1ST BRIG., ARMY OF EASTERN KENTUCKY, March 14, 1862. The militia within the boundary of your command will be placed with all practicable dispatch in readiness to march to the field of active service at a moments notice. You will cause the officers in your regiments and battalions immedi- ately to enroll the names of all white male persons between the ages of eighteen and forty-five who may be within, the boundary of their re- sl)ective commands, and to report the same to your adjutant-general at your headquarters. Whenever there shall appear a less number fit for duty iu the boundary of a captains command, the colonel or other officer commanding the regiment or battalion will attach the persons within such captains boundary to the other companies of the regiment, so as to make each company number as nearly as possible 100 rank and file. Company commanders will institute immediately an examination into the number of fire-arms of any description within their respective bound- aries, whether the same belong to persons subject to military duty or otherwise. Persons who are not on time muster roll who have such arms will be requested to yield them for public use by the militia. If they refuse, the inspecting officer will return the name and residen~e of such person to the colonel, as also the character of arms so retained. A similar examination and return will be made as to the ammunition on hand within the boundary of each company in your brigade. It is highly desirable these investigations shall be commenced and concluded as rapidly as possiblesay within one week after the recep- tion of this order. Commissaries of regiments will ascertain and report to your assistant commissary-general the state of provisions and breadstutfs within their regimental boundary; also the principal places at which the same may be found and the most convenient place for the concentratiou thereof within the same boundary. In this report the surplus, after deducting six months provision for the family, need only be estimated. The esti- mate will embrace corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, flour, meal, hard bread, beef (salt, jerked, dry, cured, fresh, and on foot), bacon, pork, also soap, salt, vinegar, lard; and tallow. Regimental quartermasters will estimate and report the number of horses over four years of age. amid of mules three years old and over within their command; also the number of wagons; also the amount of forage, includimig hay and grasses of every sort, wheat, oat, and rye straw; also the amount of iron, and of leather, tanned and untanned. Each officer, acting only within a regimental boundary, may diminish the amnount of his labor by subdividing it amnong intelhigemit company officers within their company boundaries. These returmis are important in ascertaining the resources of the country itself to maintain its muihitia while defending it. In many places within the State, and especially within the boundary of your command, men have congregated who are not sons of Vir- ginia, and who may not appropriately fall within the meaning of the Governor5 proclamation of the 10th imistant. Such men cannot be per- mitted to take shelter behind the gallant spirits who will now take the field of active service in defense of their country. It is just because such men would not help to defend the Jan(l they inhabited that the burden of war now falls upon this section of Virginia. The time for the service of such men has at, last arrived, and they must march into camp, for it is a shame that good and true men shall b Page 39 CHAP. XXII.] ACTION AT POUND GAP, KY. 39 exposed to the vicissitudes of war to protect a class who are ever fleeing before the enemy and avariciously speculating behind the Army of their country. The brigadier-general commanding instructs you that all white men over eighteen and under forty-five years of age who are found within the boundary of any captains command, not being citizens of Yirginh, and whose homes have, within six months past, been in another State, and who are now peacefully sojourning in this State, whether as traders or otherwise, should be embraced in the muster of the militia, and 5uch shall, without delay, be marched to the nearest camp of Confederate States troops, under charge of a Virginia militia officer, to be selected by the colonel within the boundary of whose command such person shall be found, for twenty-four hours after the reception of this order. The brigadier-general will, on report of the arrival of any detachment of such persons, give further orders as to their destination for service. Such men, when found, will not be suffered to depart from the county in which they muay be dwelling, nor will the subaltern accept any excuse, provided the man is able to travel. This class of men must defend the country, or they shall flee from it stealthily and like felons. If any should be exempt, the general will take pleasure in giving to him or them such a certificate that he or they belong to the class of non-com- batants as will secure future repose. All loyal citizens are required to assist in the execution of this part of this order. Information has been received that in some parts of the country, and it may be within your command, there are disloyal citizens, forgetful of the allegiance they owe to the Government under which it is the expressed will of the people of Virginia to live. It is possible such men are not aware of the grave responsibility attaching to their conduct. To enlighten them as to the law of their case, and to impart to them an idea of the consequences to follow the violations of the military law, you will cause each captain in your brigade to read publicly to his com- pany at every parade for the next month the following articles of war, which are hereby declared to apply to all persons, whether belonging to the Army of the Confederate States or being within any military district of your brigade: ARTICLE 56. Whosoever shall relieve the enemy with money, victuals, or ammuni- tion, or shall knowingly harbor or protect an enemy, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial. ARTICLE 57. Whosoever shall be convicted of holding correspondence with or giv- ing intelligence to the enemy, either (lirectly or indirectly, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the seutence of a court-martial. The exigencies of this war; the course of espionage resorted to by the enemy; the threats of some bad men, whose loyalty is due to the Confederate States, and the conduct of others, who seem to hincy that the price of their allegiance is to be paid in a license to bring ruin upon the community unless they are permitted to do wrong, induce the brigadier-general comutanding to promise beforehand that these arti- cles of ~var shall be rigidly enforced against all offenders. You are hereby furnished with 0-eneral Orders, No (5, to which your attention is invited. Upon an exact coumpliance with this order the security of every Virginia home may depend. Brigadier-Generals Riebmond and Bowen will, if necessary to .secnre obedience to it, call out immediately a comnpammy from each of their regiments located nearest to the (Dumnberlamid Mountains, an(l place them in charge of all the moumitain passes from the Tennessee line to th1 Louisa Fork of Sandy River, with special orders to enforce Ge Page 40 40 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII. eral Orders, No. 6; strictly to report all intelligence they acquire of any movement of the enemy, if deemed of sufficient importance or likely to lead to any noticeable result. I am, general, & c., H. MARSHALL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Brigadier-General SPECIAL ORDERS, BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS. No. 38. f Lebanon, Va., March 19, ~862. Official information having reached me that the troops in the service of the United States have taken Ponnd Gap and have invaded the State of Virginia in force, by virtue of authority with which I am vested, both by the President of the Confederate States and the Executive of the State of Virginia, I do hereby order the whole body of the militia of Virginia, resident within the counties of Lee, Scott, Wise, Grayson, Carroll, Buchanan, Russell, Washington, Smythe, Wythe, and Taze- well to rendezvous immediately, fully armed and equipped, at the re- spective places herein designated; that is to say, the militia of Wash- ington, Russell, Grayson, and Scott, at the Old Court, in Russell County; the militia in Lee and Wise at Guests Station,in Wise County; the militia of Buchanan, at Grundy; the militia of Smythe and Carroll, at Saltville; the militia of Wythe, at Wytheville, and the militia of Taze- well, at the mouth of Indian Creek, in Tazewell County. Colonels in command of regiments will move them by companies as rapidly as pos- sible to the places of rendezvous hereby appointed. At such places a board of surgeons will examine and certify to the cases of persons ex- empt for disease, and the rest will there be mustered into the service of the Confederate States. By command of Brig. Gen. H. Marshall: J. MiLTON STANSIFER, Acting Assi4ant Adjutant-General. Statement of 8trength of brigade March 19, 1862. & CTUAL STRENGTH OF BRIGADE. Rink and file p~e8- Organizations. e a t for Total. duty. Trigge 54th virginia 424 *404 Mooi es i9Lli 3~) *~9 Williams Kentucky 400 6400 Tliom,e~ons battalion 200 6200 Infantry 1,213 Shawliaus cavalry company Biadh,ys battalion of mounted riflemen - -. . ~ 60 Witcheis company of mounted riflemen 56 Stiattons company of mounted iifiemen 25 261 Jefflees battery, six pieces (four pieces without men and horses . 60 Total 1,614 * Reported.. tEstimated Page 41 CHiP. XXII.] ACTION AT POUNI) GAP, KY. 41 No. 3. Report of Mo~j. John B. Thompson, Twen4i-Jirst Virginia Battalion. LEBANON, VA., March 21, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report that on the evening of the 15th I received information that the enemy was approaching my position at Pound Gap, and that he was then about 17 miles distant from me. I immediately dispatched scouts, so as to gain information of his strength and movements. It is now certain that the enemy, favored with a dark and cloudy night, with a slight fall of rain and snow, and under the guidance of the most expert and well-informed citizens and scouts, the most of them from Kentucky and a part of them Virginia, had made a night march, and it is believed that during the night of the 15th had marched a strong column on the south side of the mountain, so as to attack me in front and rear and to cut off my retreat. My sconts on the evening of the 15th were cnt off by the night march referred to, and I was deprived of all information as to the movements of the enemy. On the morning of the 16th, about 9 oclock, my pickets were at- tacked and driven in on the north side of the inouintain, in front of the Gap, by a company of cavalry and about 200 infantry. I ordered the companies of Captain Maness and Lieutenant Miller to meet them, which they did with great alacrity, and drove the enemy back with loss, as I believe, of several killed. After this attack had been repelled I withdrew Captain Maness and his company and posted them on the mountain to the right of the Gap, at a point which I believed, from the nature of the ground, would be the next point of attack, and re-enforced him with Captain Pridemores company. 1 was not mistaken in my conjecture as to his aim, for the position referred to was next assailed with a strong column of the enemy. Captains Maness and Pridemores cOml)aflies contested their position for an hour with great gallantry. I dispatched a portion of Captain Russells company, undei Lieutenant Marcum, to re-enforce Captain Maness, but in the thickness of the fog they l)assed between two columns of the enemy and were cut off from Captain Maness, and, discovering their dangerous condition, crossed the mountain to the uorth and recrossed on the south side of the Gap. At this time I received a dispatch from Captain Slemp, who had been posted with a small force at the cabins, at the foot of the mount- ain, both as a corps of reserve and also to watch and report any ap- proach of the enemy from points on my right beyond where any force had been placed, that he was attacked by a very superior force of the enemy and could not hold his position without reenforcements. Find- ing that the enemy had gotten to my rear while overpowered with numbers iii front, and that if I remained on the crest of the mountain I should be surrounded and cut off, I ordered a retreat to the foot of the mountain by the left, which was effected, and my forces united at Poindexters, about 4 miles from the Gap, where we made a stand, to give battle if assailed. We remained at this point until after dark, when, my men being without sustenance since the morning, I ordered them to fall back to Gladesville, the nearest point at which they could obtain food. After dark I retnrned with a picked body of 20 men to watch the movements of the enemy. I approached near enon gh to ascertain they were burn- ing the camps, destroying two or three damaged wagons and som Page 42 42 KY., TENN., N. MISS, N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CRAP. XXTI. small personal property and stores, which consisted of the clothing of my men, their blankets, and cooking utensils, and some inconsiderable quantity of soap and salt. On the morning of the 16th, when I was attacked, about one-third of my command was on detached service and 30 on the sick list. I was charged with the watch of a scope of mount am for about 60 miles, at almost any point of which footmen, and at very many places horsemen, can cross. With the exception of Captain Slemps command we had only an effective force of 175 men to meet 1 400 or 1 50 100 cavalry. , , 0 infantry and It is my belief that the enemy (lid not intend to remain at the Gap, but being informed of our exact l)osition by spies and traitors in our midst, and guided by scouts and tmaitois along the passes of the mount- aimi, merely intended to gain the credit of driving us from what thev will misrepresent as an impregnable pass in the mountain, to destroy the public property fonud there, and attract to that spot all of your command, while aiming invasion at some other place. 1 have learned since that they did not remain longer than the night of the 16th. After I returned to Gladesville 1 sent my scouts back to the mountain, and ascertained that the enemy had evacuated the point and recrossed the moantain. There being no subsistence at Gladesville, I have taken position at Guests Station, and will there await your orders. Respectfully, JOHN B. THOMPSON, Major, Virginia Vohsnteers. MARCH 2123, 1862.Reconnaissance to and skirmish at Cumberland Gap, Tenn. REPORTS. No. 1.Col. Samuel P. Carter, U. S. Army. No. 2.Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army. No. 3.Col. James E. Rains, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Got. Samuel P. Garter, U. AS1. Army. HEADQUARTERS TWELFTH BRIGADE, Camp Gumberiand Ford, March 24, 186% CAPTAIN: Late in the afternoon of the 20th instant I was informed by a messenger from Claiborne County, East Tennessee, that four rebel regiments, with six pieces of artillery, under command of General Smith (who had arrived on the preceding day), left Cuinberland Gap on the 19th instant to attack the Second East Tennessee Regiment, which was then stationed at Woodsons Gap, some 3 miles from Fincastle, Camp- bell County, East Tennessee. Orders were given to the First East Tennessee Regiment, Colonel Byrd;. Seventh Kentucky, Colonel Gar- rard; Sixteenth Ohio, Colonel Dc Courcy; Forty-ninth lndiaiia, Colo- nel Ray, and to Lieutenant-Colonel Munday, First Battalion of Ken- tucky Cavalry, to prepare four days rations and be rea(ly to move on the following morning. Captain Wetmores Ninth Ohio Battery was also ordered to ha~-e one section (two Parrott guns) in readiness to acco Page 43 CHAP. XXII.] SKIRMISH AT CUMBERLAND GAP, TENN. 43 pany the command. The whole force amounted to some 2,300 men. Proper guards were left at this place and in the several camps. On the morning of the 21st we marched toward (Juinberland Ga]), with the hope of arriving there before the return of the rebel troops. But when we arrived within 2 miles of the Gap I was overtaken by a messenger (who had been sent to Claiborne County) with information that the rebels had made a forced march, and were by that time within their encampment. As myforce was much too small to make an attack on their strong intrenchments, protected by heavy redoubts, I determined to remain in front of their works for a day or two, and make as complete an examination of their works as practicable. We advanced on the enemys right and drove in their pickets; movedclose to their right line of defense, and bivouacked for the night. On the morning of the 22d threw out skirmishers and drove the enemy from the woods to the abatis, which covers the whole mountain- side, inside the line of fallen timber. The rebel sharpshooters were well protected by rifle pits. The skirmishing on our part was admira- bly performed by companies of the Sixteenth Ohio. Quite a number of the enemy were shot by them. The rebels opened on our skirmishers with shrapnel from two 12 l)ounders, but without. doing any damage. I moved the two Parrott guns and three regiments to a ridge in the front of the Gap, where the former were placed in position and soon opened on the rebel works, and continued cannonading them until the after- noon. Our fire was returned warmly from seven different worksone on the top of the Cumberland Mountains to the left of the Gap, which reared far above us; one on the side of the mountain, also on the left; one in the Gap, and four on the right or west side of the Gap. They threw 24-pounder solid shot, 12-pounder shell (spherical), 6-pounder solid, and 8inch shell. Only the latter, which came from the gun on the top of the mountain, reached us. Some of our shell seemed to ex- plode among their tents and others in their works, but I aiu not able to say what damage was done to them. They were several times driven from their guns, but as they had hill and deep trenches close at hand where they seemed to be securely covered, I doubt if they suffered much. The Forty-ninth Indiana was deployed on our right (the enemys left in the afternoon), when they discovered another battery, which opened on them with shell, and although they were in good range and many shell exploded about them, no one was injured. Although the rebel force was more than double ours, all of our efforts to draw them from their works were unsuccessful. This command bivouacked again just in front of the Gap, and as I had completed successfully the reconnais- sance, I left in the forenoon of yesterday, and arrived in this place last evening. Some of the officers and men had narrow escapes, but not one was injured or lost. Officers and men behaved admirably, and will, I am sure, accomplish all that any equal number of men can. Inferior as they were in numbers, and notwithstanding the strength of the rebel works, I believe that every man would have cheerfully advanced to storm their works if the order had been given. Although we had snow- storms and sleet during both the nights we bivouacked in the mountains, as well as yesterday, I heard no word of complaint fromn either officer o~ man. The ammunition of Parrott guns, both fused and percussion, seemed to be defective, as very many of our shells were not seen to explode. I have ordered it to be carefully examined. This examination of Cumberland Gap confirms the opinion given in a former letter that the place is very strong if attacked from the nort Page 44 44 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII. side, and can only be carried by a large force with a heavy loss of life, but it can be readily reduced by having a good force attack simultaiie- ously on the south side, or, better still, by an investment, which would soon starve them out. Iwould suggest that anotherbattery, with heavier rifled guns, could be advantageously used on this line. If General Gar~ field could march down from Pikeville through Virginia with his force and attack on south side or cut off supplies, I do not think the rebels could remain there long. I forward herewith a rough sketch of the Gal) and their works. I have ordered up the Thirty-third Indiana Regiment. Respectfully, & c., S. P. CARTER, Acting Brigadier- General, Twelfth Brigade. Capt. J. B. FRY, Assistant Adjutant~General, Chief of Staff. No. ~. Report of Afaj. Gen. B. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT o~ EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, Tenn., March 30, 1862. GENERAL: Col. J. E. Rains, commanding the post at Cumberland Gap, reports that on the evening of the 21st instant the enemy drove in the pickets and on the morning following appeared in his front. Having succeeded in placing two pieces of artillery in position on a neighboring ridge, they opened fire, which was kept up during the day (the 22d) with considerable vigor, as well as from small-arms at long range, but with little effect.* The loss of the enemy is not known, but during the night they with- drew, apparently in great consternation. A body of cavalry to protect their rear were the only troops of the Federal forces seen the next morning, and which it was impossible to cut otf. Information which had reached the enemy of an expedition toward Jacksborough led them to believe that the garrison had been weak- ened to a great extent, and induced this demonstration. After feeling and ascertaining that it was in force, they retired. Their force was no other than Carters brigade; estimated at about 4,000 to 6,000. Respectfully, your obedient servant, E. KIRBY SMITH, General S. COOPER, - Major-General, Commanding. AdjMtant-General C. S. Army. No. 3. Reports of Col. James ~. Rains, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS, Cumberiand Gap, March 22, 1862. SIR: On yesterday evening, about (lark, a party of infantry scouts * Li8t of casualties omitted shows 5 men wounded Page 45 CHAP. XXII.1 SKIRMiSH AT CMMBERLAND GAP, TENN. 45 which I sent out drove in the enemys pickets 3 miles out on Harlan road. At daylight skirmishing parties of the enemy opened fire upon our right from the adjacent hills. The firing is now going on and the Minie balls are falling within our works. I have seen no artillery. The snow is falling thickly and the morning is dark. Our men are in the trenches. The fire is a very thin one, and we have not returned it. One man is wounded. Respectfully, JAMES E. RAINS, Colonel, Commanding Po8t. Maj. H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS, Cumberland Gap, March 22, 186211 a. m. MAJOR: A line of couriers is established from this place direct to Knoxville; 2 men at intervals of 12 miles. The firing has ceased. La- trobes battery has driven the enemy off, and the snow having ceased, we have a clear day. There need be no uneasiness about us. We have undoubtedly killed one of the enemy, and they have mortally wounded one of Colonel Morgans regiment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES E. RAINS, Colonel, Commanding Post. Maj. H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjzttant- General, Knoxville, Tenn. HEADQUARTERS, Cz4~mberland Gap, March 22, 1862. MAJOR: It is 1 oclock. The fight has opened with considerable vigor on both sides with artillery and infantry. We have 2 wounded. We will whip the fight. Our men are in good spirits. Very respectfully, JAMES E. RAINS, Colonel, Commanding Post. Maj. H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Knoxville, Tenn. HEADQUARTERS, Oumberland Gap, March 22, 18626 p. m. MAJOR: We have had a brisk fire all day. The enemy have planted five or six batterics on the ridge iu front. They fire from rifled guns, and with much precision. Their balls fall within our encampment very thickly, but have done no damage as yet. We have 4 men wounded by Minie balls. I do not know the force of the enemy. Have seen as many as six regiments and one battalion of cavalry. Our men are in good spirits. Our artillerists are doing well. The fight is still going on. Respectfully, JAMES E. RAINS, Colonel, Commanding Post. Maj. H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Knoxville, [Penn Page 46 46 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII. MARCH 25, 1862.Reconnaissance to Agnews Ferry, Tenn. Report of Lieut. Mortimer Neely, Fifth Iowa Cavalry. FORT HENRY, TENN., March 28, 1862. SIR: Agreeably to Special Orders, No. 10, 1 proceeded forthwith, with 20 men, on March 25, at 8 oclock p. in., to what is known as Agnews Ferry, and there and on the road learned to my satisfaction that his steam ferry-boat was at some point down the river in possession of the United States forces. I also learned that small parties of the enemys cavalry were in the habit of crossing the river at that point daily in a small ferry-boat, and thought it best to leave a guard there, which I did~ of 1 sergeant, 1 corporal, and 6 l)rivates, with instructions to examine all who passed, and arrest all who could not give a satisfactory account of themselves; also to remain there until further orders. On my return, at the urgent request of the Union citizens, I arrested and have now under guard, sub~ject to your orders, 10 l)risoners, 5 of whom have been soldiers in the Confederate Army and 5 notorious rebels. The soldiers are: John Beaugard, who has been nine months in Bissells Arkansas Cavalry, first duty sergeant in Captain Thomas company; W. W. Wiggins, two months in Forrests Cavalry, Polk Walkers Rangers, Alabama, Captaili De Coat; George W. Saunders, five months in Colonel Forbes infantry, Fourteenth Tennessee, Captain Buckners company; Albert C. Brigham and John P. Bushings, who were both in the artillery service two months each, with Colonel ileiman and Captain Taylor, Tennessee Volunteers. The foregoing is their own statement to me, and I will here say that John Beangard and W. W. Wiggins have conducted themselves very badly while here, swearing that the tune would come when they would have their revenge. The other five, consisting of Samuel Downs, John U. Downs, Frank M. Downs, Green II. Wiggins, and A. G. Bushings, I learned to my satisfaction have been very prominent secessionists, (iriving Union citi- tens from their homes, threatening to hang them if they did not leave, and the latter making public speeches for disunion, and never disguis- ing the fact that their whole sympathies were with the Confederates. I am, with profound respect, yours, truly, MORTIMER KEELY, First Lieutenant, Company K, Curtis Horse. Col. W. W. LoWE. MARCH 2528, 1862.~Reconnaissance from Mutfreesborough to Shelbyville, Tullahoma, Manchester, and McMinnville, Tenn. Report of Ijol. John Kennett, Fourth Ohio Cavalry. HDQRS. FOURTH REGT. OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Camp Van Buren, Teun., March 28,1862. DEAR SIR: On the 24th instant your order was received directing the Fourth to make a tour of reconnaissance in force, leaving the detail to the commanding officer. You are aware we could not get rations for three days until next day. On the 25th, at 6p. in., the Fourth took the advance, followed by 80 a Page 47 CHAP. XXII.J RECONNAISSANCES. 47 tillerists, Colonel Mihalotzy, of the Twenty-fourth Illinois, in command in l)art of the Twenty-fourth and Thirty-seventh, two brass rifled 6-pounders of Simonsons battery. We marched 15 miles, halting fre- quently for the infantry and artillery to come up to us. We made the distance by 1~ p. in.; bivouacked in a cedar grove. Colonel Mihalotzy stationed his pickets on our advance on the right flank and rear and the Fourth was stationed on the left flank. The night was windy, cold, and the ground was wet. The horses were tied to the trees, and in that condition the entire force slept on their arms ready for any emergency. At 5 a. m. the reveille was sounded, fires were kindled, and our brave boys were soon boiling a cup of coffee. By 5.30 a. in. the entire command resumed their march, exhibiting an unusual degree of vigor, fired by the report that we were likely to measure arms in the glorious cause that animated our breasts. We marched ahead of the infantry some 3 miles, where we found a Mr. Houston, who willingly sold us some corn and fodder for our horses. We halted and fed there, and were ready for the march when the infantry came up. We resumed the march at 7 a. in., marching 5 miles, to Shelbyville. We were greeted by a population who evinced by their cheers, waving of handkerchiefs, and other exteinal demonstrations of joy pictured on their countenances great relief and satisfaction at the approach of their deliverers from military despotism. A Mrs. Graham, eighty years of age, with tears in her eyes, welcomed us with a blessing God bless your souls. Her husband fought in the revolutionary war. She x-en- erated the old flag. She would not and could not live under any other government, nor should any other flag wave over her head. Shb with her own hands tore down from the court-house the first secession flag at ~helbyville. Her son-in-law was killed for his Union sentiments. This statement was made by the daughter of the murdered man with tears and sobs. Your humble servant leaned over the fence, seized the old lady by the arm, and shook it with emotions you can readily imagine. Many flags were waved from the doors and windows. We have not met such manifestations of delight in any part of Dixies land. On entering Shelbyville many surrounded us, and, as it is our custom, we sent for the mayor, to whom we gave the same friendly assurances and pictured our devotion to the Union, and that we were arrayed in support of that Constitution which guaranteed to them all their rights. When addressing the crowd approved satisfaction was pictured in the countenances of the Union people. The infantry and artillery halted at Shelbyville, guarding the city and taking all the military measures to render them secure from attack. Colonel Milmalotzy, a brave and deserving officer, will no doubt furnish you with the details of his own acts during our absence. The Fourth left Shelbyville at II oclock [and marched] to Tullahoma, being 18 miles, over the most abominable road it was ever our lot to travel, mostly over solid and detached rock, miry lanes, and miry woods, the horses sinking over knee-deep in the mud. When within 8 miles our advance guard, commanded by Capt. 11. C. Rogers, who was ordered ahead to feel the way and obtain news amid forage for our horses, sent ])r. T. McMillen to the reserve, saying that Morgan and his men had gone down to Wartrace to burn bridges. We galloped the entire 8 miles in hopes we could realize the object of our pursuit (the horses came into Tullahoma covered with foam) and the full expectation of seizing a locomotive and bagging the command of the enemy; but, muc Page 48 48 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA, AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL to our chagrin, the enemy had received intelligence of our departure from camp, and they, afraid that their delay would cut them off only took time to fire one bridge over Duck River; our march saved the other. We reached Tullahoma three-quarters of an hour too late. We took possession of Tullahoma, giving the citizens the usual assurance of kind intentions and the motives actuating the Government in send- ing forces into Tennessee. Finding two whisky shops, we threatened to burn them down if the inmates retailed a single (Iram, and placed a guard over the premises. A force was thrown 3 miles on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, in command of Capt. H. C. Rogers, to tear up the rails, fearing a surprise, which could have been thrown on ns with ease but for these precautions. Pickets at some distance were placed in every thoroughfare leading to the city and a guard detailed to patrol the city. We cut the telegraph wire, opened the depot, cap- tured the telegraph battery and instruments, and a box of telegraph papers, which an expert can read; also the following list of goods: * * * * * * * * Not being able to carry them with ns, we left theni in charge of Will- iam Moore, whose receipt I inclose, subject to your order. All goods not enumerated were loaded in one wagon, borrowed from the Twenty- fourth Illinois, but the road being impassable, we impressed two other wagons. One of them upset and burst a barrel of molasses. We sold one to help pay our forage bills. When we reached Tullahoma no corn or forage could be had, but our boys, who are alive, to the wants of their horses, found enough, and we gave to the parties receipts for all we consumed. At Tullahoina a force under the command of Lieut. Col. H. W. Burdsal was ordered to Manchester to meet Captain Robie, of Company A, who was ordered to leave four hours in advance, on his way to MeMinuville, of the 250 men forming the reserve bound for Shelbyville, and report himself at Manchester the next day, where he would be supported by the com- mand ordered there. Lieutenant-Colonel Burdsal, with 27 men, reached Manchester at 10 p. m. on the night of the 2Gth, after capturing 4 prisoners by passing himself off in the dark as a Southern officer, and when they betrayed themselves as soldiers on furlough he captured them. Leaving 17 men to guard them, he took 10 men, and proceeding 3 miles below the town of Manchester, made the keeper deliver up the keys and show him the premises. He found the log cabins of the soldiers, who had occupied them as guards, but upon crafty examination found them empty. He emptied the powder found in the work and set fire to five buildings, burning the machinery, houses, and material. Hearing Cap- tain Robie had gone to Winchester, he returned to Tullahoma, but the party reported to have gone to Winchester must have been McNairys secesh cavalry, as Captain Bobie would not have disobeyed the order under which he was acting. Lieutenant-Colonel Burdsai returned that night to Tullahoma, which was a departure Irom my order, but exe- cuted from the information derived. In the mean time Captain Robie had executed his order faithfully, reaching Manchester at the hour (lesignated. Finding the l)ow(ler-mill burned, he continued his march to Tulahoma, reaching there at 5 p. m. on the 27th. While Captain Ilobie was bivouacking 5 miles this side of McMinnville he received intelligence that McNairys 200 cavalry intended to surround him that night and attack him. The captain * List in detail omitted Page 49 CHAP. XXII.] RECONNAISSANCES. 49 posted his pickets so as to receive the alarm in time. He disposed of his force secreted behind a fence, moving away from the spot he was seen encamped at dark, and some few rods away from his horses, at the foot of a hill. At 3 a. m his command was lying in ambush, when one of the pickets brought in the news that the enemy was approach- ing. The other picket remained and was fired at, when he returned the fire, which was a signal that the rebels were close by, at the same time putting spurs to his horse, conveying the news in person. On came McNairys cavalry, thundering down with his 200 strong, think. ing he could catch our gallant captain and his brave boys asleep and swallow them up, but as soon as he reached the ambush a volley from the carbines dispersed their dream of conquest, brought down 1 man, who was left dead; groans from 10 or 11 wounded I am killed~ was heard. The horses stampeded. The entire command never before made right and left wheel quicker. Pools of blood were traced; an officers saber with blood was found, two other sabs~rs, four guns, saddles, blankets, saber-straps, hatsevidently cut off, all of which he burned, not being able to take alongwere seen strewed for miles. The night was dark and the fire oblique, but it sent the enemy kiting~~ the same way they came. Their defeat was so complete that the next intelli- gence had of them [was that] those surviving were on their way to Winchester and never offered a fight afterwards. Captain Robie started with 53 men (part of this number were guard- ing the premises.) Two hours after his departure from camp, fearing he might be attacked, he was re-enforced with 17 men of the parti- san corps, who were near and heard the firing, but were not with them. We chased one ranger going to Tullahoma on horseback with shot-gun, and took him prisoner. We took 7 prisoners in all, being on furlough, belonging to the Southern Army, but released 2 young men who seemed innocent and were willing to take the oath of allegiance to their country. On our return from Tullahoma, having left that place at 12 in., Coin- pany C was left there to await Captain IRobie~s arrival, who had n~t yet reached Tullahoma when the main body left. Company D was le?t as escort to the wagons. We encamped half a mile east of Shelbyville last night, arriving there at 5 p. in., where we found Colonel Mihalotzy with his command, with the artillery. Company B was sent back to ascertain the cause of detention of the wagons. Knowing we ought to be moving, Company F was left at the camp to guard some goods which were unloaded from a wagon borrowed from the Twenty-fourth Illinois, who wanted it until our wagon could come up and be loaded with them, as the pike rendered it easy of transportation, and the main body of the Fourth left, reaching at 12 m. We found the Union sentiment subdued on account of our contem- plated departure, the people fearing a demonstration against them. Many of the influential ones begged us to leave a force to protect them. In accordance with your orders we did not feel at liberty to deviate from them but after marching 5 miles we fed our horses and resumed our march; and 7 miles from Shelbyville we received the joyful tidings from you ordering two or three companies to be left to guard the bridges east of Shelbyville as well as the city. We sent Companies E and H to form the guard. We reached camp at 5.30, and beg leave to submit the details of our march, hoping that, although the objects for which this expedi- tion, some of them, were not realized, yet in its effect, including the 4 R RVOL Page 50 50 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CniP. XXII. signal chastisement the enemy received and the reassurances the Union sentiment received, may prove valuable and receive your appro. bation. The enemy having received word that we were on the move, all the locomotives were retired south of Shelbyville before we reached the four towns we occupied at the same time by different detachments. Very respectfully, JNO. KENNETT, Colonel, Commanding. Brig. Gen. 0. M. MITCHEL. MARCH 28, 1862.Expedition into Scott and Morgan Counties, Tenn. Report of Afaj. Gen. F. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army, commanding Depart ment of East Tennessee. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, Tenn., April 19, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the 28th ultimo, under in- structions from department headquarters, Brigadier-General Leadbet- ter sent an expedition, consisting of the Third Regiment Tennessee Infantry and a squadron of Tennessee cavalry, from Kingston into Morgan and Scott Counties, of this State, for the purpose of dispersing organized Federal bands existing there, and the removal or destruction of all supplies of which the enemy might avail himself if advancing from that direction. These troops, under the command of Colonel Vaughn, of the Third Tennessee Regiment, advanced as far as Hunts- ville, in Scott County, the column being fired upon all along the march by small parties from inaccessible points. Returning in the direction of Kingston a sharp skirmish occurred at a small village near Montgomery, in Morgan County lasting about thirty minutes, in which the enemy was dispersed witii a loss of 15 killed, a larger number wounded, and 7 prisoners. Our loss is 5 killed and 12 wounded.* The entire population of these counties is hostile to us, those able to bear arms being regularly organized as Home Guards. All loyal citi- zens have been expelled from the country. Respectfully, your obedient servant, E. KIRBY SMITH, Major.General, Commanding. General S. COOPER Adjutant and In~peetor-General. * List of casualties omitted shows 1 officer and 4 men killed and 1 offleer and 11 men wounded Page 51 CHAP. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 51 MARCH 28JUNE 18, 1862.Cumberland Gap (Tell.) Campaign. EVENTS. Mar. 28, 1862.Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan, U. S. Army, assigned to command of Seventh Division, Army of the Ohio, and ordered to operate against Cumberland Gap. April 29, 1862.Skirmish near Cumberland Gap. June 10, 1862.Skirmish at Wilsons Gap. Skirmish at Rogers Gap. 1112, 1862.Skirmishes in Big Creek Gap 15, 1~2.Actionat Big Creek Gap. 18, 1862.Skirmish at Wilsons Gap. Cumberland Gap occupied by Union forces. REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, U. S. Army, with dispatches relating to Brig- adier-General Morgans report. No. 2.Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan, U. S. Army, commanding Seventh Division, Army of the Ohio. No. 3.Capt. Jacob T. Foster, First Wisconsin Battery, Chief of Artillery of oper- ations June 618. No. 4.Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, U. S. Army, commanding Twenty-fourth Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations Jane 816. No. 5.Brig. Gen. James G. Spears, U. S. Army, commanding Twenty-fifth Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 1015. No. 6.CoL John F. D. Courcy, Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, commanding Twenty-sixth Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 718. No. 7.Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird, U. S. Army, commanding Twenty-seventh Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 718. No. 8.Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army, including orders for movement of troops. No. 9.J. F. Belton, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Maj. Gem. Don Carlos Buell, U. S. Army, with dispatohe8 relat ing to Brigadier-General Morgans report. HEADQUARTERS ARAY OF THE OHIO, July 15, 1862. General Morgan has had very great difficulties to contend with, and merits praise for the zeal and ability with which he has conducted his column. I deem it proper to submit the accompanying dispatches between General Morgan and my headquarters in explanation of cer- tain paragraphs in his report. Respectfully, D. C. BUELL, Major- General, Commanding. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Jleadquarter8 Department of the Mississippi Page 52 52 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CliAP. XXIL jjLnclosure No. 1.] CUMIIERLAND FORD, May 22, 1862. Colonel FRY: My column is on the march. The advance guard has passed the Cumberland. GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier- General, Gommandtng. [Inclosure No. 2.] CUMBERLAND FORD, May 22, 1862. Major-General BUELL: A reliable scout has just come in. The enemy has withdrawn from Big Creek Gap and will reach Cumberland Gap to-day. Reliable letter from Clinton also informs me that the road between Clinton and Knoxville is lined with troops coming this way. It is probable that the enemy is concentrating his entire force in East Tennessee npon my immediate front. The march of to-day will be execnted as before ordered, but it may become imprudent to pass mountains unless a strong diversion be made upon Cleveland or Chattanooga by General Mitchel. Will the interests of the service permit such a diversion to be made? GEORGE W. MORGAN Brigadier- General, Gommand~ng. [Inclosure No. 3.] CUMBERLAND FORD, May 24, 1862. Col. J. B. FRY: Col. A. Jamison [?],Cumberland Gap, has been re-enforced by a brigade of four regiments of infantry, one battery ~f artillery, and 400 cavalry, and a brigade has just arrived at Big Creek Gap from Knoxville. Kirby Smith is again at the former gap, the defense of which has been increased since our last-received reconnaissance. Two regiments from Virginia, probably forced back by the advance of Cox, have reached Knoxville, and the enemy has withdrawn the bulk of his force from the neighborhood of Chattanooga and Cleveland. I had taken steps to organize a partisan regiment, nuder Colonel Clift (commissioned by the Secretary of War), in Scott and Morgan Counties, Tennessee, in order to annoy the enemys rear. During the last three weeks there have been rumors of the intended invasion of Kentucky by Smith. Some of our friends in East Tennessee attach consequence to these reports. Three of my brigades threaten the enemys front. GEORGE W. MORGAN Brigadier- General, Commandtng. [Inclosure No. 4.] CUMBERLAND FORD, June 8, 1862. Major-General BUELL: Bairds brigade marches this morning, and Carters will close up the rear to-morrow. It has become necessary to station the Forty-ninth Indiana, with the two pieces of artillery, atBarboursville. On yesterday a spy, pretending to be a deserter, was brought into camp. He left Cumberland Gap on the day before yesterday at 2 oclock a. m. He reports the enemys force at Cumberland Gap at over 5,000. At Bi Page 53 CHAP. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 53 Creek Gap there are 8,000, with troops at Clinton and Knoxville. Should their forces concentrate the enemy will outnumber us nearly three to one. What is General Negley doing? Answer at once, as I start at noon to go to the head of the column. I send copy of this to Governor Johnson and Secretary of War GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier- General. rlnclosure No. 5.] HEADQUARTERS, June 9, 1862. General MORGAN, Cumberland Ford: General Negley is fully employed in Middle Tennessee, and can give you no direct assistance. He is, however, opposite Chattanooga, but his stay there cannot be depended upon. The force now in Ten- nessee is so small that no offensive operations against East Tennessee can be attempted, and you must therefore depend mainly on your own resources. D. C. BUELL, Major- General, Commanding. [Inclosure No. 6.] HEADQUARTERS, June 10, 1862. General MORGAN, Cumberland Ford: Considering your force and that opposed to you, it will probably not be safe for you to undertake any extended offensive operations. Other operations will soon have an influence upon your designs, and it is therefore better for you to run no risk at present. JAMES B. FRY, Colonel and Chief of Staff. [Inolosure No. 7.] HEADQUARTERS SEVENTH DIVISION, ARMY OF THE OHIO, At Parrotts, East Teun., June 10, 1862. Major-General BUELL: GENERAL: I had the honor to receive your telegram. It was too late to change my plans. I have advanced upon a road so narrow that two wagons cannot pass each other. The guns had to be drawn over several hills by block and tackle. I need say nothing of the difficulties of such an advance. A retrograde movement would be next to impos- sible. My troops are confident and in good spirits. To fall back would demoralize them. Will you pardon me, general, for asking where it is J)o~sib1e to re-enforce General Negley so as to retain Smith at Chatta- nooga? My advance guard occupies Rogers Gap, and will probably descend into the valley to-morrow. To-day our pickets had two skirmishes with those of the enemy, in which he sustained some loss in killed and wounded. On our side there were no casualties. I will try an(l destroy railroad bridges on either side of Knoxville, and through- out will act upon a bold, determined policy, as it is the only prudent one in my l)osition. The present fate of East Tennessee depends upon Kirby Smith being all occupied at Chattanooga. Copy of this sent to Secretary of War. Most respectfully, GEORGE W. MOgGAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 54 54 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHiP. IXIL Llnolosure No. 8.] LAMBDINS, FOOT OF CTJMBERLAND MOUNTAINS, June 10, 1862. General BUELL: We have information, derived from our scouts, that Big Creek Gap is evacuated. This information is confirmed by a deserter from General Spears, who also gives a rumor that Cumberland Gap has also been evacuated. I am inclined to credit this rumor, inasmuch as the air was filled with smoke on yesterday for a circumference of from J~5 to 20 miles from Cumberland Gap, which was probably caused by burn- ing timber, in order to create a curtain of smoke behind which to retreat. However 1 have sent reliable scouts to both of these points to ascertain the actual facts. If the enemy has retreated I shall march at once upon Knoxville, and thence operate upon the rear of the enemy, who has probably gone towards Chattanooga. GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. (Indosure No. 9.] HEADQUARTERS, June 10, 1862. General MORGAN, Gumberland Ford: Your information in regard to evacuation of Cumberland Gap may be true, and, if so, probably resulted from Mitchels force appearing before Chattanooga. If the Gap is evacuated, you should seize it and hold it, and take any other advantage that ma.y l)resent itself but not advance to points from which you would have to fall back. JAMES B. FRY, Colonet and Chief of Staff. [Inclosure No. 10.] HEADQUARTERS, June 11, 1862. General MORGAN, Cumberksnd Ford: General Negley has been withdrawn from before Chattanooga, but General Mitchel is instructed as far as possible to keep his troops in a position to threaten that point. As yoa were previously advised, you will have to depend mainly upon your own ability to beat the force opposed to you. D. C. BUELL, Major- General, Commanding. [Inolosure No. 11.] HEADQUARTERS, June 11, 1862. General MITCHEL, Huntsville, Ala.: General Morgan is advancing on Cumberland Gap. Endeavor as much as possible to keep your force in an attitude to threaten Chatta- nooga and occupy the attention of Kirby Smith. How many roads do you find leading to Chattanooga between McMinnville and the river? What is their condition and which the best? What is the condition of the road by Jasper and Stevenson? D. C. BUELL, Major-General, Commanding Page 55 Cn~. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 55 (Inclosure No. 12.] HEADQUARTERS, June 15, 1862. General MORGAN, Williamsburg, Ky., Or wherever his headquarters may be about Cumberland Ford: General Buell desires to know what you propose to do and where you are going to concentrate your troops. JAMES B. FRY, Colonel and Chief of StaO. [Thclosure No. 13.] HEADQUARTERS, June 17, 1862. General MORGAN, Cumberland Ford: The general cannot determine your position from the places you speak of. They are not on our maps and not known to any one here. State where you are, referring to localities mapped or generally known. JAMES B. FRY, Colonel and Chief of Staff. No.2. Reports of Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan, U. S. Army, commanding Seventh Division, Army of the Ohio.* HDQRS. SEVENTH DIVIsION, ARMY OF THE Orno, Cumberland Ford, April 30, 186210 p. m. After a reconnaissance of a day and a half party just returned. On yesterday there was a brisk skirmish, in which we had 4 wounded. The enemys killed and wounded were carried from the field, with the exception of 1 wounded man, whom they failed to remove. One of the enemy was mortally wounded while attempting to do so. The enemy has greatly strengthened his position, and has fourteen works on this side of the mountain. According to the prisoners, whose statements are confirmed by three deserters from Knoxville, on the 28th instant two additional regiments of infantry and 300 Indians re-enforced Cum- berland Gap. Kirby Smith is said to have returned to Knoxville, where he is represented to have 5,000 men. My effective force are under 8,0001,400 of whom are not yet armed. The reconnaissance was conducted by Acting Brigadier-General Carter and Colonel De Courcy. GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier- General Volunteers. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS, Cumberland Ford, June 7, 1862. The following telegram has just been received: SOMERSET, Ky., June 7, 1862. Brigadier-General MORGAN: Senators W. H. Bnsteed and J. S. Van Winkle, both reliable men, have fled here from Monticello. They report 400 rebel cavalry in Clinton County, 250 in Burkes.. See also dispatches accompanying report No.1, p. 51 Page 56 56 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL Yule, and 160 in Jamestown, Tenn. They are killing and robbing as they go. They threatened this place, and say the stores, & c., left here shall be destroyed. The loyal citizens of Clinton are almost in despair, & c. G. H. McKINNEY. My command, already reduced by sending the Forty-ninth Indiana Regiment to Barboursyille, is too small to afford succor to Somerset. Assistant Quartermaster McKinney belongs to my division, and I have ordered him to supply the Home Guard with arms and ammunition, and destroy the balance of the stores on the approach of the enemy. Duplicate sent to General Buell. GEORGE W. MORGAN. Hon. E. M. STANTON, & cretary of War. BARBOURSYILLE, Ky., June 9, 1862. Many thanks for Baird and Medary. Both have arrived. My ad. vance guard is at Lam bdins, within 18 miles of Speedwell, where the column will strike the Tennessee line. For miles a road had to be con- structed as the column advanced, and the guns could only be drawn up the Pine Mountain by the aid of block and tackle. The rear of the column is 3 miles beyond Cumberland Ford, and on Thursday the entire force will be concentrated on the Cumberland Mountains. The obstacles are great, but will be overcome. With my staff left C umber- land Ford at 3 p. m. on yesterday, arid in order to go forward rapidly I have avoided line of march, and will be at the head of the column to. day. GEORGE W. MORGAN. Hon. E. M. STANTON, & eretary of War, ~Tashinyton HDQRS. SEVENTH DIVIsIoN, ARMY OF THE OHIO, Cumberland Gap, June 19, 1862. The enemy evacuated this American Gibraltar this morning at 10 oclock, and De Courcys brigade took possession at 3 this afternoon. The enemy destroyed a considerable amount of his stores, and precip- itated several cannon over the cliffs, spiking others, and carried a few away. I believe, however, that seven have been found in position. The tents were left standing, but cut into slits. He had not time to destroy or take a portion of his stores, and they have been taken pos- session of by the proper officers. The Stars and Stripes were raised by De Courcy, and a national salute was fired in honor of the capture of this stronghold of treason. Each brigade, in the order of its arrival, will on successive days plant its flag at sunset upoir the pinnacle of the mountain, accompanied by a national salute. In my hurried dispatches of this morning I neglected speaking in terms of just praise of the valuable seryices of Lieutenant Fisher and his brother officers of the Signal Corps, and also of the energy and devotion of Lieutenant-Colonel Munday and his handful of cavalry; but every officer and every soldier has nobly discharged his duty. GEORGE W. MORGAN, Brigadier- General, Gommanding. Hon. E. M. STANTON, & eretary of War Page 57 Cu~. XXIII CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 57 llnQns. SEVENTH DIvISION, Au~v OF THE OHIO, Gum berland Gap, June 22, 1862. COLONEL: On the 28th of March last I was assigned by Major- General Bach to the command of this division, and directed to con- centrate my force at Cumberland Ford and to take Cumberland Gap. At that time the roads leading from Crab Orchard and Mount Vernon to Cumberland Ford were almost impassable, and from 3 to 4 miles a day was the ordinary distance made by small trains of twelve wagons. On my way up I came from Lexington in an open buggy, in order to move forward as rapidly as possible. At many places the narrow roads, walled in by the mountains, had become torrents, and sometimes the horses were obliged to swim. It was the rainy season, and these facts are only mentioned to convey some idea of the difficulties this command has had to overcome. On arriving in the Cumberland Valley I found the country entirely exhausted by the occupation of Carters brigade and by the ravages committed by the enemy. It was necessary to haul forage for 30, 40, and 50 miles, and at last from a distance of 80 and 90 miles. It was nnder such circumstances that I concentrated and organized the Seventh Division. I found six guns, and increased the number to twenty-two, four of which are Parrott siege guns. A floating bridge was built upon the Cumberland River by Lieutenant Edge, of the Sixteenth Ohio, under the supervision of Colonel Dc Conrcy, and means were adopted to supply the troops with fresh meat, which some of them had not tasted for several months, and they were threatened with scurvy. Regiments were armed with guns of various calibers, and there was a scarcity of ammunition even for them. A new distribution of arms was made; worthless ones were replaced by effective weapons, and a supply of am- munition was obtained. I reached Cumberland Ford on the 11th April and made a recon- naissance of the enemys position at Cumberland Gap. It was evident that the enemy had grouped too many works on their left and depended too much on the natural strength of their right. Six hundred yards to the right of Fort Pitts I observed a knob which commanded that fort and Fort Mallory, and I was satisfied that that hill once in our posses- sion, and occupied by siege guns, the gap was ours. I made a requisi- tion for and obtained two 20 and two 30 pounder Parrott guns, but before their arrival I ordered an armed reconnaissance to be made by the brigades of Carter and Dc Courcy, with directions to avoid an ex- change of shots if possible. However, the enemy attacked the recon- noitering party, and a skirmish ensued, in which we lost 1 man mortally and several slightly wounded. The loss of the enemy was 7 killed and 8 wounded. The rebel papers announced that our loss was 150 killed and 300 wounded and that their loss was 30. This statement was untrue both as to their loss and our own. Before the arrival of our siege guns Engineer Lea, of the rebel forces, constructed a strong work, protected by rifle pits, upon the summit, to the right of Fort Pitts, and convinced that the position could only be carried with immense loss of life, with keen regret I abandoned all idea of attacking the place from the front, and resolved to execute a flank movement and force the enemy to abandon his position, the strongest I have ever seen except Gibraltar, or fight us in the field. Such a movement was full of difficulties. It was universally believed that the route through Cumberland Gap was the only one practicable within a range of 80 miles for the march of an army with cannon, and as it was, our horses were frequently without forage and the troops o Page 58 58 KY., TENN, N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [Oa& p. XXIL half rations. To have three days rations ahead was a subject of re- joicing. On the east of Cumberland Gap the mountains rise up like a gigantic wall, on one side nearly perpendicular, while on the west were Baptist, Rogers, and Big Creek Gaps, through which small wagons lightly ladeu had been known to pass, but they were generally used as bridle-paths, and were now strongly blockaded. In order at the same time to threaten Clinton, one of the enemys depots of subsistence, and to divert his attention from my real plan, I established Brigadier.General Spears, with three regiments of his command, at the commencement of the 18 miles of blockade, at the foot of the Pine Mountain, and on the route to Big Creek Gap, and 35 miles west of Cumberland Gap. As I had anticipated, the enemy immediately occupied the front of Big Creek Gap with two strong brigades of infantry, two regiments of cav- alry, and two batteries of artillery. I now determined to cross the Pine Mountain and pass the Cumber- land chain at Rogers Gap (which is 20 miles west of Cumberland Gap, 15 miles east of Big Creek Gap, and 39 miles southwest of Cumberland Ford, and debouches into Powells Valley, immediately opposite to the mouth of the road leading to Knoxville. This position once occupied would threaten Knoxville, Cumberland Gap, and Clinton, or three im- portant points, in three different directions), with the brigades of De Courcy and Coburn (now Bairds), and to leave the brigade of General Carter to guard Cumberland Ford. It was my determination to attack the enemy in front, while Spears with his brigade would pass through Elk Gap and take him in the rear. The advance guard had crossed the Cumberland River to execute this maneuver, when one of my scouts came in and announced that Bartons command had withdrawn from Big Creek and was then encamped near Cumberland Gap. For the moment the execution of my plan was postponed, but not abandoned. I now determined to withdraw my entire force from Cumberland Ford, and to cause the sides of the Pine Mountain to be mined, so that a hundred thousand tons of iocks and trees could be hurled into the val- ley should the enemy attempt to strike at our line of supplies. The mines were constructed by Capt. S. S. Lyon, but they were never spru.g. On the 6th instant the march was again resumed, Mundays cavalry and Garrards Third Kentucky Infantry constituting the advance guard, followed by the siege guns, Fosters battery, and De Courcys brigade; next the brigade of Baird, with Wetmores battery. Carters brigade and Laupheres battery brought up the rear. Heavy fatigue parties were constantly employed in front in making and repairing roads which were again blockaded by Captain Lyon after the rear guard had passed. It was amusing to witness the astonishment of the people at the passage of enormous cannon over roads regarded by them as diffi- cult and dangerous for lightly-laden wagons. Old men, women, and children flocked to the road-side, and everywhere we were welcomed with smiles and tears of joy. Too much praise cannot be awarded to Capt. Jacob T. Foster, First Wisconsin Battery, chief of artillery. As an artillerist of energy and skill he will not unfavorably compare with any officer in the service. The corps under his command is also deserving of the highest com- mendation. Nor can I pass unnoticed the heroic toil and hardy endur- ance of the parties detailed from the infantry to aid Captain Foster in advancing his guns along the cliffs of the Pine and Cumberland Mount- ains, for without their assistance at the block and tackle and the drag- ropes the march could not have been continued. The duties devolvin Page 59 CHAP. XXIL] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 59 upon Carter were both difficult and dangerous, and were executed with 8kill and energy. The narrow mountain roads were cut into gullies by the brigades which had already gone forward, and there might have been a descent from Cumberland Gap. On the 10th instant the brigades of De Courcy and Baird encamped on the north side of the Cumberland Mountains, and on the following day, after well-conducted marches, they descended into Powells Valley, and bivouacked in a dense forest, which entirely masked their position. Colonel De Courcy, whose brigade led the advance, displayed through- out the entire march skill and ability of a high order, and removed blockades and made roads for the passage of the other troops. On the 9th instant I dfrected General Spears to clear the blockade from the Big Creek Gap, and to advance by the Valley road to join me at Rogers Gap. On the 10th instant I instructed him to send a party of 200 men nuder a cool-headed and daring officer to burn the railroad bridge over the Tennessee at Loudon. The expedition was undertaken, but was not successful, as London was occupied by two regiments of the enemy. However, the party fell back without loss. On the 9th instant I received at Lambdins a telegram from Major- General Buell, informing me that Kegley was fully employed in Middle Tennessee and could give me no assistance; that he was opposite Chat- tanooga, but that his stay could not be depended upon, and that the force now in Tennessee was so small that no offensive operations against East Tennessee could be attempted, and therefore that I must depend mainly on my own resources. I replied that it was too late to change my plans; that my advance guard was already at the foot of the Cumberland Mountains, and that a bold and determined policy on my part was the only prudent one. On the 11th instant I descended the south side of the Cumberland Mountains with De Courcys advance guard. The entire day and the day following were occupied in making the passage of the mountain ridge~miscalled a gapand at dark on the night of the 12th instant some of the cannon had not yet reached the summit of the mountain. On that night, while in the act of giving directions as to the destruc- tion of the railroad bridges at Strawberry Plains and Mossy Creek, I received the second telegram of General Buell, dated on the 9th instant, as also that of the date of the 10th instant. It had been my intention to have advanced against Cumberland Gap on the following day with the brigades of Spears, Baird, and De Courcy, but I no longer felt at liberty to do so, and ordered a countermarch upon Williamsburg. I dispatched three couriers to General Spears, one of whom reached him, ordering him to fall back. On the morning of the 13th I was again at Lambdins, to which point I hastened to meet Carters column. Soon after my arrival I received a note from Colonel Dc Courcy (whose brigade had not been able to leave Powells Valley in consequence of the narrow road being blocked up by the 30-pounders, which had not yet descended the mountain) say- ing that there was a rumor that the enemy was evacuating Cumberland Gap. I also received a telegram from Major-General Buell, dated on the 11th instant at his headquarters, beyond Corinth, stating that Mitchel was instructed as far as possible to threaten Chattanooga, but that I would have to depend mainly upon niy own ability to beat the force opposed to me. Acting upon this information and the telegram last mentioned, which I construed into a permission to act on my own discretion, I determined to resume the offensive. Carter was still at Lambdins, but the head of his column was 12 miles in advance. I in Page 60 60 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL structed him to proceed to join me at Rogers Gap, by way of Big Creek Gap, and directed General Spears to await his arrival and then march up the valley to join me. Bairds brigade, which had returned to Lambdins, was ordered to again breast the mountain, and inspired by the admirable example of their commander, and roused at the prospect of going to the front, they cheerfully obeyed the order. Early ou the morning of the 14th 1 was again in Powells Valley, and Bairds brigade arrived there on the 15th and marched down the mountain to the air of Dixie, played by the band of Coburns Thirty. third Indiana. I here received a dispatch from Spears, inclosing a letter from Colonel Carter, of the rebel cavalry, dated Cumberland Gap, June 11, 1862, and addressed to Major Bean, as follows: Major BEAN: Maintain your position, if you possibly can, nntil to-morrow. The general intends sending a force of artillery and infantry down the valley early in the morning to attack the enemy. General Bartons force is on its way back into the val- ley. Dispatch to Colonel Aliston immediately the intention of the general to move a force down the valley in the morning, and tell him that General Stevenson wishes him (Colonel Allston) to dispatch to General Barton the same thing immediately. The dispatch should go by way of Clinton, if possible, as General Barton will soon move by that route. This post will not be evacuatedat least not now. By command of Lieut. Cot J. E. Carter: J. D. CARTER, Adjutant Seventy-seventh. The enemy was sorely in doubt as to what course to pursue and evidently greatly exaggerated my strength, which is reported in the rebel papers at 50,000 men. I had now at the foot of Rogers Gap the brigades of Baird and De Courcy, and as the valley was occupied by the enemys cavalry I ordered the supply trains to the rear, and was compelled to subsist upon the foe. I felt all the responsibility of my position, for I had adopted my plan of operations contrary to the opm- ions of three of my brigade commanders, all of whom I hold in high esteem. I had not the opportunity to consult General Spears, who was at the foot of Pine Mountain when I determined upon the line of operations I had resolved to pursue. Hence I was anxious for the arrival of Spears and Carter, the head of whose columns were soon seen to approach from the direction of Fincastle. Spears marched without wagons and without tents, and it would be doing injustice alike to him and to myself not to express my high appreciation of the prompt and soldierly energy he has always displayed in aiding me to execute my plans. His brigade has acted an important part in the strategic game which has been played along these mountains during the past six weeks. Immediately upon the arrival of Carter and Spears I wished to ad- vance upon the enemy, understood to be in position at Thomas farm, 8 or 9 miles on the Valley road towards the Gap, but Carter had per. formed a most trying and difficult march of 75 miles, and Spears had cleared the blockade at Big Creek Gap immediately before marching. One day was therefore devoted to rest and preparations for the struggle expected to take place on the following day. Herewith I have the honor to inclose my order of march and plan of attack, and also the reports of brigade commanders and separate corps. I determined to advance upon two parallel roadsthe old and new Valley roads, the latter of which starts from the Knoxville road nearly opposite Rogers Gap, and intersects the old Valley road at Thomas, asindicatedin the accompanying map embracing the square of my opera. tions.* The hour designated for the march was 1 oclock on the morning * To appear in Atlas Page 61 CuAP. XXII.l CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 61 of the 18th, and by 3 oclock in the morning the rear guards of the two columns were on the march. I feel that I have a right to be proud of the admirable order and promptness with which the noble troops of my division marched out to meet a foe they had good reason to believe was much stronger numerically than themselves. And so I believed myself, but I felt the assurance of victory, though I did not underrate either the gallantry or skill of the enemy. Had Kirby Smith been personally in command we should have had a battle; but it was evident to me that the actual general in command felt uncertain of the ground upon which he stood. Rains, a gallant and dashing officer, was in our immediate front, and Barton was a few miles from our right flank, while Ste.venson was in supporting distance. But on arriving at Thomas we found that the enemy had retreated in hot haste, and after a short halt the march was resumed, and the advance brigade, under IDe Courcy, took possession of the Gap at about 2 oclock p. in., the rear guard of the enemy having evacuated the fortress at 10 oclock a. m. The same afternoon the national colors were unfurled, and a national salute was fired from the summit of the Gap by IDe Cour- cys brigade; and, by a general order, each brigade was authorized to unfurl its colors amid the roar of cannon upon the pinnacle of the mount- ain, for the honor belongs equally to all. Well, the Gap is ours, and without the loss of a single life. I have since carefully examined the works, and I believe that the place could have been taken in a ten days struggle from the front, but to have done so I should have left the bones of two-thirds of my gallant com- rades to bleach upon the mountain-side, and, after all, this fastness, all stained with heroic blood, would only have been what it now is, a for- tress of the Union, from whose highest peak floats the Stars and Stripes. The result secured by strategy is less brilliant than a victory obtained amid the storm and hurricane of battle, but humanity has gained all that glory has lost, and I am satisfied. I am, and the country should be, grateful to Brigadier-Generals Spears, Baird, and Carter, and to Colonel De Courcy for their able and efficient services, and to the gallant officers and soldiers of their respect- ive commands. Three of my brigades are commanded by brigadier-gen- erals and the fourth by Col. John F. IDe Courcy, whom I again respect- fully but earnestly recommend for the commission of brigadier-general. He is an accomplished and well-trained soldier, who came from a dis- tant land to share the fortunes of the Union in this unnatural struggle against her existence. Generosity and justice alike demand his pro- motion. Great credit is also due to the commanders of regiments, to whose earnest aid and cheerful compliance with every order I owe so much. I cannot but feel some regret that they bad not an opportunity to acquire in the field the laurels which they are so worthy to wear. But I refer you to the reports of the commanders of separate corps for a narrative of the meritorious services of those officers. In this connection I must mention in terms of commendation Lient. CoL Reuben Munday, with his battalion of Kentucky cavalry. This brave little band have performed the most arduous duties without a murmur, doing picket duty and acting as scouts for the entire division. They were also very efficient as advance and rear guard on the march to this place. The highest praise is also due to my personal staff for their unremitting devotion to the interests of the service, and I there- fore commend Capt. C. 0. Joline, assistant adjutant-general, chief of staff; Capt. S. S. Lyon, acting topographical engineer,; Maj. M. 0. Garber, division quartermaster, and Capt. G. M. Adams, commissar Page 62 62 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXfl. of subsistence, for the immense aid they have given me during the period of my command, and had their services been less zealous and efficient I could not have advanced. Lients. E. D. Saunders, C. S. Medary, and li. Montgomery, my aides-de-camp are also commended to the kindly notice of the Government. My special thanks are also due to Capt. S. B. Brown, assistant quartermaster at Lexington, Ky. (who has performed to my great satisfaction duties which should have devolved on at least three officers); Capt. J. H. Ferry, assistant quar- termaster at Flat Lick, Ky., who suggested to me by telegraph an excellent diversion which he proposed to make in my favor, by march- ing a force of convalescent soldiers to the front of the Gap, as though intending an assault, while I was attacking the place in the rear. It affords me great pleasure to indorse all that Colonel De Courcy has said in commendation of his acting brigade quartermaster, Lient. J. D. Stubbs, Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteers. I am also deeply indebted to Lieut. H. G. Fisher and his corps of signal officers; to Lient. C. H. Rogers, of the First Tennessee, for many acts of daring service, and to Capt. W. G. Fuller, superintendent of the military telegraph. He has always been effinient, and his telegraphic line has nearly kept pace with the advance of my column. Nor can I close this report without expressing my deep obligations to Capt. W. F. Patterson and the men of his command. He has rendered me constant and invaluable services during the two past months in making roads and constructing bridges on the various routes upon which my troops have moved and supplies have been received. His company was or- ganized by the Military Board of Kentucky, but from some cause was not mustered into the service of the United States, though it has been performing the most arduous services under the command of different generals of the United States Army. General Thomas detailed Cap- tain Pattersons command on extra duty while he commanded in the vicinity of Somerset, and for more than two months he has been die. charging similar duty under my command. His company has never been paid and I respectfully request authority to muster Captain Pat- terson and his company into the service of the United States. Had the enemy not evacuated I should have taken np a position 2 miles in his rear and pounded him with my heavy guns and cut off his supplies until he should be forced to abandon his stronghold and give us a fair fight in an open field. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE W. MORGAN, Col. J. B. FRY, Brigadier-General Volunteers, Commanding. Chief of & aff, Florence, Ala. [Inclosuro.] GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. 7TH Div., ARMY OF THE OHIO, No. 42. f Camp near Rogers Gap, !Eenn., June 17, 1862. The column will march to meet the enemy to-morrow morning in the following order: I. Carters brigade, with Lanpheres battery and the two 20-pound. ers and 100 cavalry, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Munday, will march at 1 oclock, on the new Valley road, entering it at its com- mencement on the Knoxville road, and proceed toward its intersection with the old Valley road. En route it will halt 45 minutes for break Page 63 CHAP. XXII] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 63 fast at or near Kincaids, where water may be best obtained, after which time the march will be resumed with caution. II. The 100 cavalry under Lieutenant-Colonel Munday will be divided into two equal bodies of ~50 men each, one constituting the advance guard of cavalry and the other the rear guard. The advance guard of cavalry will march 600 paces in front of the advance guard of infantry, and the artillery will march between the advance guard of five com- panies of infantry and the remaining five companies of the regiment from which the advance guard is detailed. The rear guard of cavalry will march 600 paces in rear of the rear guard of infantry, and each of the cavalry guards will throw out, the first to the front, the latter to the rear, 10 vedettes, who will march, under command of a lieutenant or sergeant, in twos, each two separate from those in front and rear. This order of march will apply to all commands having cavalry. Mr. Kincaid will act as guide to Carters brigade. HI. Spears brigade, conducted by Jefferson Powell and Daniel Cupp, as guides, will march, without wagons, at 1 oclock, by the old Valley road to its intersection with the road leading from Alexanders across the Poor Valley Ridge. Upon arriving at the opposite side of that ridge the command will be halted for forty-five minutes for rest and breakfast, after which General Spears will proceed to the position which will be indicated by Powell, and there seem etly and quietly place his men in ambush. After the opening of the battle he will attack the enemy in his flank or rear, depending upon his position. The most absolute stillness is necessary to the success of this maneuver. IV. General Spears will look well to the ammunition of his men, and see that every man carries at least 80 rounds upon his person. V. De Courcys brigade, with Fosters battery and the two 30-pounder siege guns and 50 cavalry as an advance guard, under Captain Roper, will march at 1.30 oclock, on the old Valley road, parallel with Carters brigade, and will halt forty-five minutes for breakfast at Big Spring, 5~- miles east of Rogers Gap. VI. Bairds brigade will constitute the reserve, and will march at 2 oclock and halt forty-five minutes for breakfast and rest, when it will continue to march in rear of De Courcys brigade. During the march General Morgan will accompany General Baird at the head of his brigade. The cavalry, under Captain Martin, ordered to report to General Baird, will constitute the rear guard of cavalry, and will march 604) paces in rear of the infantry, and will throw out toward the rear 10 vedettes, under a lieutenant or sergeant, who shall march in twos, each file of which will be separated 20 paces from the files in front and rear. Wet- mores battery and the two brass howitzers are assigned to the command of General Baird. VII. If possible, the men of all the commands will be required to fill their canteens with strong cofl~e to-night for breakfast and supper on to-morrow. Each brigade will march with its ammunition wagons and ambulances, and one wagon to a brigade laden with axes, spaCes, picks, and saws; and all other wagons will be left under the care of the brigade quartermasters, who will be instructed by brigade cemman(lerS to report for instructions to Major Garber, division quartermaster. The brigade of Spears will march without wagons. VIII. All wagons not taken forward by their brigades will be formed and readyto march on the old Valley road immediately in rear of Bairds brigade. On arriving at Big Spring the division quartermaster will cause the wagons to be driven as close as possible to the base of the mountains, and if possible he will park them in the woods, and insis Page 64 64 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL upon quiet and no fires. Major Garber will secure a guide for this purpose. IX. It is very probable that the enemy will seek to turn our position from one of the roads leading to Knoxville, and to embarrass any such movement it will be well for General Carter to cause the first Knoxville road to be examined with reference to blockading the road. Captain Patterson, with his company, will be ordered to report to General Carter for fatigue duty. X. Should the occasion favor such a maneuver General Carter will do well to threaten the enemys left, taking care not to separate himself at too great a distance from the center. XI. General Baird will station his cavalry guard at Big Spring, with orders to throw out horsemen to the rear for the distance of 1 mile. General Carter will adopt a similar precaution at a point to be indicated by Mr. Kincaid, his guide. XII. Should the enemy charge, he should be boldly and fiercely charged, but not until he has come within 50 yards. His troops will then be blown, while ours will be fresh. XIII. It is a trick of the enemy to fall back as if in retreat, in order to draw our troops into ambush. Prudence, combined with valor, will render both expedients fruitless. XIV. The troops will be expected to carry two days cooked provisions in their haversacks. XV. In consequence of intelligence just received as to the supposed position of the enemy, paragraph III of General Orders, No. 42,is hereby modified as follows: Spears brigade will march with ammuni- tion wagons on the New Valley road forty-five minutes after the rear of Carters brigade has entered that road. En route General Spears will halt forty-five minutes for breakfast and rest at or near Kincaids, where the canteens of the troops must be filled with fresh water. Then General Spears will occupy the cross road connecting the new and old Valley roads, beyond the Big Spring, with two regiments, to be held in reserve, while he will hold his other two regiments on or in the neighborhood of the new Valley road, as the circumstances may require. It is desired that the battle be opened and kept up with artillery as long as possible, so as to compel the enemys infantry to leave their positions. By command of General Morgan: CHAS. 0. JOLIKE, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 3. R.~port of Capt. Jacob T. Foster, First Wisconsin Battery, Chief of Artil lery, of operations June 618. llnQus. ARTILLERY, SEVENTH Div., ARMY OF THE Onio, Cumberland Gap, June 21, 1862. DEAR Sin: I have the honor to report that, according to General Orders, No. 39, the line of march was taken up for the attack of Cum- berland Gap by the siege battery, consisting of two 20 and two 30 pounder Parrott gnus, on Friday, June 6, 1862, under command of Lieutenant Webster, of Fosters First Wisconsin Battery. Prepara- tions were made as extensively as possible in this part of the country, Page 65 CHAP. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 65 where it is very difficult to find machinery of any kind, and doubly diffi- cult for the movement of a heavy train and ordnance connected with a siege battery of Parrott rifled guns. Machinery for the movement of this battery over steep ascents and descents consisted of about 800 feet of 1-inch, 100 feet of 14-inch rope, three large and two small snatch- blocks, one double and one single tackle-block. This was all the tackle of any kind that could be obtained in time to be of any use to move without hinderance to the forces of this division. To move this battery a distance of 40 miles over the Cumberland Mountains and over roads considered impassable by the enemy for light artillery seemed a hercu- lean task, which the heart would almost shrink from undertaking, for many of the ascents would form an angle of 30~ with a horizontal plane, and this to be overcome, knowing that we were in many instances to make a corresponding descent. On the following day Fosters First Wisconsin Battery, nuder com- mand of Licut. John D. Anderson, moved forward, and being a light battery, met with bnt little difficulty the first few miles. The Ninth Ohio Battery, commanded by Lieutenant Barrows, followed upon the succeeding day with similar success. Two hundred men from the in- fantry were detailed to assist in overcoming the steep ascents and de- scents, which was to be done by ropes and pulleys. The ropes and pulleys were in constant use or readiness, and the men were obliged to be constantly on the alert, for the ascents were not only steep, but along sideling places, where, were the gun-carriages once overturned, they would have fallen over precipitous rocks varying in height from 100 to 500 feet. In many instances were the turns in the road more than at right-angles, and this up steep sideling ascents, rendering it almost impossible to turn with teams. At many times was the whole force, both of men and horses, used upon the same rope. On arriving at the top of the Cumberland Mountains the men and horses seemed nearly exhausted, many of the horses being entirely broken down, and will be worthless hereafter. Both men and horses had been upon short rations and forage, and it was impossible for sub- sistence and forage trains to follow close upon the troops over such terribly rugged roads. Many of my command have been the overland route to California, and all concede there was nothing to compare with these steep ascents and descents on the route. About 12 m. of June 10 the siege battery commenced the ascent of the mountain on the northern side, via Rogers Gap road, which had been blockaded by Zollicoffers troops, and was cut out before us by command of Colonel De Courcy, commanding the Twenty-sixth Brigade. This road was a mere bridle-path, and much credit is due the troops under Colonel De Courcy for their hard labor in removing the blockade and constructing the road. The Ninth Ohio Battery, Captain Wetmore, followed immediately in rear of the siege battery, and had much difficulty in ascending the steep declivity of this mountain, for it can be considered nothing else, although called a gap. At 6 p. m. the first piece of the siege battery arrived on the top of the mountain, and there halted for the closing up of the remaining pieces. After halting until late in the evening all were closed up, and Wetmores Ninth Ohio Battery allowed to pass and make the descent in advance. The 30-pounder guns being so heavy, weighing 8,000 ponuds, were left at the top of the mountain, as the descent was too difficult to think for one moment of moving them down in the night. 5 U UVOL Page 66 66 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL The 20-pounders, being more nearly allied to light artillery, were moved down the mountain into Powells Valley during the night, but not without difficulty, for in many instances would they have been whirled down the rocks but for the constant care and tugging at the ropes by all the men we had. Fosters First Wisconsin Battery, which had been obliged to wait for an ammunition train to precede it up the mountain, started at 5 p. in., and after working hard through the night, without one moments rest~ and part of the time in almost total darkness (the moon being eclipsed),. without rations or forage for the last eighteen hours, arrived in Powells Valley without serious injury, only overturning a battery wagon and breaking its trail, at 3.30 oclock a. m. on the 12th of June, 1862. Thia was the most difficult part of the mountain to overcome that we had encountered. The road was winding, narrow, very stony, and steeP~ and all the entire descent very sideling, so much so that we were con- stantly in imminent danger of being precipitated down the almost per- pendicular banks over jagged rocks for several hundred feet, in which case it would have been sure death to man or beast. On the 12th of June we were ordered to countermarch, recross the mountain, and move to Williamsburg, Ky. When this order waa made known to the men they desired rather to shed their blood in Tennessee and leave their bones bleaching in Powells Valley than to retrace their steps over the mountain; but like good soldiers they sadly but resolutely put their shoulders to the wheels literally, and com- menced the ascent of the mountain upon the southern side. The 20- pounder Parrott guns were put in the advance and started at 10 oclock. The road had become much worn and rutted, loose stones fallen into the track and filled it in places, which had to be removed, and which rendered it almost impossible for the horses to get a foot- hold; but after eleven hours hard labor the task was accomplished, and at 1 oclock June 13 we camped at the foot of the mountain on the northern side. At daylight the siege battery started upon its march, and after march- ing 7 miles was halted for further orders. Fosters battery followed the siege battery up the mountain and arrived at its summit at mid- night, and then halted the remainder of the night, and before they had commenced the descent fortunately received orders to remain where they then were. Wetmores Ninth Ohio Battery on the 12th were ordered to accompany a forage train into Powells Valley, and did not return in time to begin the ascent of the mountain that night, and on the morning of the 13th were ordered to remain where they were in Powells Valley, thus saving them the arduous labor of recrossing the mountain. In the evening of the 13th of June orders were received to march back to Powells Valley, upon hearing which the soldiers fairly yelled with delight, and seemed so anxious to return that they could hardly wait for morning to come. Fosters battery, being upon the top of the n~ountain, had only to descend the southern slope, and Wetmores Ninth Ohio Battery, being in the valley, had only to remain there, whereas the siege battery, 12 miles on its road to Williamsburg, had both to climb and descend the mountain again. This battery reached the foot, on the northern side of the mountain, at 3 oclock p. m. of the 14th, and remained there the balance of the day for the purpose of shoeing horses. At 10 oclock, June 15, the siege battery started up the hill, and at 9.15 p. m. reported all down the mountain safe in Powells Valley. Th& Page 67 CHAP. Xxii.] CUMBEELAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 67 men and teams were completely exhausted, and men did not take their supper, being too much fatigued to cook it. Both men and horses lay down to rest, and had they been obliged to have moved 2 miles farther many must have perished by the road-side. Laupheres Michigan bat- tery took up their line of march, with General Carters brigade, on June 11, and, following a part of the way the same route, had similar difficul- ties to overcome. On June 13, crossed the Pine Mountain, and only had the misfor- tune to break one caisson trail and two caisson wheels, and camped at night at Boston. On June 15 passed Big Creek Gap with considerable difficulty, being obliged to halt for three hours to repair a caisson trail which was broken in an impassable part of the road and obliged the brigade to rest. On the 16th reached camp near Rogers Gap. On going into camp an alarm was given upon supposition that the train was attacked, and the column was reversed and position taken in woods, where we remained untif 10 p. in., when we moved forward and went into camp. At 1.30 oclock a. in., June 18, Fosters battery and the siege battery took up line of march with the Twenty-sixth Brigade, under command of Colonel De Courcy; Wetmores battery, with the Twenty-seventh Brigade, under command of Brigadier-General Baird, and Lanpheres battery, with the Twenty-fourth Brigade, under command of Brigadier- General Carter, for the purpose of marching on the enemy, who were encamped about 8 miles up Powells Valley from Rogers Gap, where they were said to be in considerable force, but upon our arriving there found they had fled with great rapidity. We then marched to Cumber- land Gap (which had been evacuated but a few hours previously) with Colonel De Courcy, and there Fosters battery saluted the Stars and Stripes with thirty-four guns. I cannot close my report without bringing to your favorable notice as officers of special merit Lieutenant Anderson and C. B. Kimball, of Fosters First Wisconsin Battery, and Lieutenant Webster, of same bat- tery commanding the siege battery, Lieutenant Barrows, commanding the ~Ninth Ohio Battery, and Captain Lanphere, of the Michigan bat- tery, without whose valuable services but little of this arduous march of artillery could have been accomplished. Although we all would have gladly entered an encounter with the enemy, we, as officers of the artil- lery of this division, believe that more good results will be derived from this bloodless victory than with an encounter, and acknowledge that strategy displays more military skill than fields stained with blood. Hoping we may always be victorious in the support of our country, I am, most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. T. FOSTER, Captain, First Wisconsin Battery, Chief of Artillery, Seventh Division, Army of the Ohio. Capt. CHARLES 0. JOLINE, A. A. G. No. 4. Report of Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, U. S. Army, commanding Twenty- fourth Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 816. HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-FOURTH BRIGADE, Camp Cotterell, East Tenn., June 23, 1862. CAPTAIN: I embrace this the earliest opportunity of ~4ubmitting th Page 68 ~38 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CRAP. XX1L following report of the movement of the Twenty-fourth Brigade from the 8th of June until our junction with the remaining brigades of the Seventh Division at Rogers Gap on the afternoon of the 16th instant: In pursuance with General Orders, No. 39, of the 5th instant, I moved my command on the 8th, consisting of the First, Second, and Fourth East Tennessee Regiments (which last was temporarily attached to my brigade), Lanpheres battery, and a detachment of Lieutenant-Colonel Mundays cavalry, under command of Captain Roper, from Cumberland Ford, and took up the position at the Moss house (2 miles on the Cam- berland Gap road), indicated in said order. By order of the command- ing general the Nineteenth Kentucky Volunteers, Colonel Landram, was temporarily detached from the Twenty-seventh Brigade and placed under my command. It remained encamped on the Clear Creek road, some 2 miles from the Moss house. As the rebels were known to have a very considerable force at Cumberland Gap it was necessary to use the utmost care to guard against an attack from greatly superior num- bers. Captain Roper, with his company of cavalry, was constantly em- ployed upon the Gap road, and performed the duty assigned him in the most creditable manner. I would take this opportunity of expressing my high commendation of the captain for his untiring energy and zeal. Owing to delay in obtaining transportation I was unable to take up the line of march in the direction of Lambdins until the 11th instant, on the morning of which day the column was put in motion. Accord- ing to your orders Capt. S. S. Lyon, acting topographical engineer, had the road blockaded in our rear as we advanced. We bivouacked on the first night on Poplar Creek, some 12 miles from our starting point, having experienced no little difficulty in getting the artillery and long train over the Pine Mountain. At 2 p. m. on the 12th instant we reached Lambdins, and encamped with the forces (except the Nineteenth Kentucky, which proceeded on to Boston). At Lambdins I was met by a courier from the command- ing general with orders to march my force to Williamsburg, Whitley County. During the afternoon I was joined by the balance of my brigade, consisting of the Third Kentucky, Colonel Garrard, and Forty- ninth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Keigwin. On the morning of the 13th instant I was directed by the command- ing general to proceed with my whole command to Big Creek Gap via Boston, and from thence to join him and the remainder of the brigades at Rogers Gap, Powells Valley East Tennessee. My force now con- sisted of the following troops: i?irst East Tennessee, Colonel Byrd; Second East Tennessee, Colonel Carter; Third Kentucky, Colonel Gar- rard; Forty-ninth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Keigwin; Nineteenth Kentucky, Colonel Landram; Fourth East Tennessee, Colonel John- son, and Lanpheres battery. Encamped that evening at Boston, and on the morning of the 14th instant left for Big Creek Gap. During the day I was again joined by Captain Ropers company of cavalry, which I had ordered up from Williamsburg, whither it had gone by your orders. The head of the column arrived at the foot of Pine Mountain about 9 a. m. and commenced the ascent. By the united exertion of all the troops, and the most untiing industry during the day and night, all the artillery and trains made the ascent and descent of the mount- ain by 9 a. m. of the 15th instant. To one who has not passed over the route it would be hard to imagine the difficulties to be overcome in transporting artillery and a heavy baggage train over it. But officers and men, eager to meet their rebel enemies and to gain an entrance into long-looked-for East Tennessee, went to work with the greates Page 69 CHAP. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 69 energy, and by main strength carried wagons and artillery over a road which many would pronounce impassable to either. On the following morning (15th) I received a dispatch from Briga- dier-General Spears, dated Big Creek Gap, sunrise, stating that his pickets were then engaging the enemy, and requesting me to come up rapidly to his support. The order was given to advance, and so eager were the men to get in front of the enemy that, notwithstanding the fatigues and hardships of the preceding day and night, a portion of the force crossed Little Cumberland Mountain, and before meridian had made a junction with Brigadier-General Spears at Big Creek Gap, a distance of 10 miles from their camping ground of that morning. The Fourth Tennessee, Colonel Johnson, was ordered to join General Spears, to whose brigade he belonged. On the morning of the 16th instant I left Big Creek Gap with my command and moved up Powells Valley through Fincastle, and in the afternoon of same day reported the arrival of my force to the command- ing general. On my way up the valley we found a quantity of rebel stores, belonging to the Thirtieth Alabama iRegiment, at the house of a Mrs. A. Kincaid, which I had destroyed. In closing this report I must express my admiration, not only for the zeal and perseverance of the officers and men under my command, but for their uncomplaining, orderly, and soldierly deportment during the whole march. Notwithstanding the fears which have been felt by some that, owing to the great wrongs and barbarities to which the Tennessee soldiers and their families have been subjected by the rebel troops and their sympathizers, there would be much trouble in restraining them from wreaking vengeance on their enemies, I do not know of a single instance in which they failed to conduct themselves as soldiers of the Union should, from the day we reached Big Creek Gap until we joined the other forces at Rogers Gap. Respectfully, & c., S. P. CARTER, Brigadier- General, Commanding Twenty-fourth Brigade. Capt. CHARLES 0. JOLINE, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 5. Report of Brig. Gen. James U. Spears, U. S. Army, commanding Twenty- fifth Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 1015. IIDQRS. TWENTY-FIFTH BRIGADE, ARMY OF THE Onio, Cumberland Gap, June 24, 1862. CAPTAIN: In obedience to instructions of June 10, 1862, I proceeded with my command (then composed of Third, Fifth, and Sixth Regiments of Tennessee Volunteers, commanded respectively by Colonels Honk, Shelley, and Cooper) by way of Big Creek Gap, in order to join Briga- dier-General Morgan at Speedwell. The advance of my command, after having opened and removed a heavy blockade through Pine and Cum- berland Mountains, entered the Gap on the evening of the 11th, at which point my pickets were fired on by the pickets of the enemy, which re- sulted in a pretty heavy skirmish. As we advanced through the Gap the enemys pickets, lying in ambush, contested our advance, and fire Page 70 70 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL upon us from rocks and other places of concealment. They had pre- pared to defend that place, but the enemy was repulsed and driven from ambuscade and from the Gap with the loss of 2 killed and several reported wounded. On that evening we advanced throngh the Gap, and it being dusk, my men lay upon their arms and rested until next morning. On the next morning the opening of the blockade was re- sumed, and the work continued until 12 oclock that day, during which time the enemys cavalry pickets and my advance pickets kept up a heavy skirmish, which resulted in the capture of 3 rebel cavalrymen, their horses and equipments, and 2 or 3 rebel citizens, who were aiding the rebel enemy in the picket skirmishes. At 12 oclock, the blockade being opened and the rear of my train having arrived, the whole command and transportation were ordered to renew the march to join General Morgan at Speedwell. After having passed through the Gap and turned up the valley the advance train was ordered to halt and the rear ordered to close up. While said order was being executed the advance of the trains was charged upon by a considerable force of the enemys cavalry, but they were gallantly re- pulsed by the Fifth Regiment, commanded by Colonel Shelley, and made to retreat in confusion. They were pursued by Captain Clingan with his company, Fifth Regiment, a brave and gallant officer, a con- siderable distance. Captain Clingan and his men succeeded in killing 1 of the enemy and wounding several others. Captain Clingan returned with his whole command, having captured the enemys flag and divers articles of clothing and other articles. After which we continued the line of march, and had proceeded about 4 miles up the valley, Colonel ilouk commanding the front and Colonel Cooper protecting the rear of my transportation, at which place I was overtaken by a courier, bearing a dispatch which directed me to return to Big Creek Gap, as it was important that our entire forces be concentrated at once at Williams- burg; on the reception of which I immediately changed direction and marched in same order back to Big Creek Gap, and reoccupied my former position that night. On next morning I threw my men out in ambush on each side of the road opposite Big Creek Ford, and ordered the transportation to be removed to the top of the Cumberland Mount- arns, under a sufficient guard to protect it, and learning that the enemys cavalry was in considerable force advancing in my rear, I kept my men there in ambush and on the mountain during that day and ensuing night. In the early part of the night I threw a heavy picket out in the val- ley, to see if possible where the enemy was and in what force, with instructions that if attacked they should fall back into the Gap, where I had my main force to cover their retreat, in which condition we lay that night. On the morning of the 15th my pickets were attacked, but they were unable to draw the enemy after them, and seeing that I could not draw them into the ambuscade and knowing that my trains were out of their reach, 1 ordered Colonel honk, Colonel Cooper, and Colonel Shelley to l)roceed into the valley and advance across the same and attack the enemy on the ridge, at which place they seemed to be assembled in force. They did so, and succeeded in routing them, driving them across Clinch River and alarming them so much they filled boats with rails, set them on fire, and turned them loose down the river, and retreated toward Knoxville. On that day we captured some prisoners, some 60 tents, burned and destroyed 57, brought 3 on horseback into camp, and destroyed divers articles of camp equipage to the amoun Page 71 CHAP. XXII.j CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 71 of some $800 in value. We also captured several rebel flags, drums, swords, & c., and in the evening, on our return to the valley, I received a dispatch informing me that the order to march to Williamsburg was eountermanded, and that I was ordered to join General Morgan at ~peedwell at the earliest practicable moment, in order that our forces on this side might be concentrated for the purpose of attacking Cum- berland Gap. It then being dark, or about it, I threw out picket- guards and remained at the Gap during that night. On the following morning, having heen joined by the Twenty-fourth Brigade, commanded by General Carter, in obedience to said order, at 4 oclock I took up the line of march,and on same evening arrived at Rogers Gap. No particular incident worthy of note occurred during the march. As we passed along we were frequently greeted by groups of citizens along the road, both ladies and gentlemen, who had hereto- fore acted with the secession party, who expressed their great joy and satisfaction on the arrival of our army, and who stated that they had been deceived, but that they were glad our army had come to relieve them from the oppression and thraldom which had borne them down, and invited the officers to visit their houses and families and partake of such refreshments as they had, which, judging from all that I could see, was generously given and thankfully received. On the way, however, having learned from reliable sources that two citi- zensWilliam D. Sharp and James Cooperwere uncompromising secessionists, and had been and were then endeavoring to excite the people to rebellion, I had them arrested and carried them to Rogers lap, where on the next morning I transferred them, together with the prisoners and property taken at Big Creek Gap, over to General Morgans disposal on the 15th, where, after resting one day, having received orders from General Morgan, I, with my command, together with commands of Generals De Courcy, Baird, and Carter, took up the line of march at 1 oclock for the purpose of attacking the enemy, who was then said to be encamped in force at or near one Thomas. The place assigned me in the order of march was forty-five minutes in rear of General Carters brigade, which marched up what is called the New Valley road. But before arriving at said place it was ascertained that the enemy had abandoned it under great confusion, and made their way, some said, toward Cumberland Gap, some toward Knoxville, and others toward Morristown. After resting a while at said place we were ordered to take up the line of march toward Cumberland Gap, in order to attack the enemy there, but before arriving at that point it was ascertained that the enemy had abandoned it and fled toward the railroad in utter con- fusion, after having first burned and destroyed all their commissary and provision stores, tents, camp equipage, & c. They left some artillery and other small-arms. General De Courcy having first arrived with his brigade on that evening, after having marched some twenty miles, proceeded to the top of the mountain, raised the glorious old flag of our country, and fired a salute from Captain Fosters battery in honor of the brilliant success achieved by the valor, energy, and patriotism of our officers and soldiers. It would be unjust to close this report without according to Adjt. D. A. Carpenter, of Second Regiment Tennessee Volunteers, James Edwards, and William Cook, who volunteered their services, great praise for the gallant and efficient services rendered me in all my movements and marches. Their valor, patriotism, and untiring zeal and energy are worthy of note and thanks. The officers and men an Page 72 72 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. all under my command with promptness, energy, and zeal executed at all times every order and command given to them by me, and my warmest thanks are accorded to them, one and all. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES G. SPEARS, Brig. Gen., Gomdg. Twenty-fifth Brigade, Army of the Ohio. Capt. CHARLES 0. JOLINE, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 6. Report of Cot. John F. De Courcy, Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, commanding Twenty-sixth Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 718. HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-SIXTH BRIGADE, Cumberland Gap, June 20, 1862. CAPTAIN: In accordance with the orders just received, I hereby submit to you, for the information of Brigadier-General Morgan, the following report of the march of the troops under my command from the Moss house, Cumberland Ford, to this point: The march began on the 7th instant, at 4 oclock a in., when I moved the Twenty-sixth Brigade, composed of the Sixteenth Regiment Ohio~ Volunteers, Twenty-second Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, and the Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteers, a~ distance of 8 miles. This. march, as well as those on the following days, was necessarily shorty in consequence of the great difficulties encountered in moving the wagon train over very steep hills and very bad roads. On the follow- ing day I marched the brigade 13 miles. On this march I had to detail 300 men to assist the wagon-train. The last 2 of the 8 miles marched on the 9th were full of difficulties, and the train was halted for eight hours, during which time the brigade was employed in constructing an almost entirely new line of road. On reaching camping ground that night I found myself in such a narrow gorge, and so near the mount- ain, that I deemed it common prudence to send forward six companies to take possession of all the defiles leading into that part of Powella Valley opposite Wilsons and Rogers Gaps. I intrusted this duty te Lieutenant-Colonel Pardee, of the Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volun- teers, who performed it in a manner which gave proof of his energy and military skill. When the enemys pickets attempted, early in the morning, to crown the mountain with their vedettes, they were repulsed with a loss of 3 horses which they left in their hurried retreat. The march on the 10th instant offered few difficulties, and at 8 oclock a. m. the brigade was encamped at the foot of the mountain. With a~ little delay as possible the work of clearing the heavy blockade wa& begun and completed under the able direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe, Twenty-second Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, by 2 oclock next day, and on the evening of that day the Twenty-sixth Brigade bivouacked on the south side of Rogers Gap. The halt made here, and the partial countermarch which took place, being matters which concern the division, are out of my province, and need not form part of the report. The skirmishes which took place betwixt the enemys cavalry and the pickets of my brigade were not of sufficient impor- tance to demand more than a passing notice. On the 18th instant I resumed the march, the force under my corn Page 73 CHAr. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 73 mand being increased by 50 cavalry, Fosters battery of eight 10- pounder rifled guns, the siege battery of two 30-pounders, and two 20-pounders, rifled. The enemy being supposed to have taken np a strong position at Thomas farm, and my orders being to attack him before General Carter, who was marching on a parallel but longer line than the one I was operating on, could deboucli, I moved with the amount of celerity which I deemed would enable me to attain the object in view. I reached the point indicated, but found the enemy had retreated early in the morning. After reposing the troops I moved on slowly, to enable the cavalry advance guard to examine the woodsy which were constantly presenting themselves on my flanks, and from under whose cover I had been informed I might at any moment expect an attack from the enemy posted in ambush. Finally, after a march of nearly 20 miles, I reached Cumberland Gap, which I found the enemy had evacuated during the previous night, its rear guard having left only three hours before the arrival of my advance guard. Before sunset the flags of the Twenty-sixth Brigade flaunted over the far- famed fortifications, and Fosters battery, firing a salute of thirty-four guns, told in loud tones to the persecuted people of East Tennessee that they were free, for once more the Stars and Stripes were near to protect and encourage them in their loyalty. Thus, by this able and daring strategic move, the chain of victory is now without solution of continuity on the Kentucky line from Columbus to Louisa. In concluding this report it becomes my most pleasing duty to request you to mention to the general commanding that the many difficulties and fatigues of this march were met, endured, and overcome by the officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates under my command with a cheerful spirit and an energy of action which speaks well for their patriotism and soldierlike qualities. The officers of my personal staff displayed great activity~ persever- ance, and intelligence in seeing my orders carried out, and itis a matter of satisfaction to me to find this opportunity of making prominent mention of Lieut. Cushman Cunningham, Sixteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, acting assistant adjutant-general; Lieut. George W. Stein~ Sixteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, acting aide-de-camp; Lient. Joseph D. Stubbs, Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteers, acting brigade quartermaster, to whose untiring activity in bringing up sub- sistence, notwithstanding all difficulties, I feel I owe much of the power which enabled the Twenty-sixth Brigade to keep ahead of the division without at any moment causing hinderance to the brigade& in rear. Lieutenant Stubbs appears to acquire additional strength with every increase of his labors and additional courage to overcome difficulties as they accumulate before him. The duties of the cavalry advance guard were well performed, under the direction of Captain Roper, of Colonel Mundays regiment. Cap- tain Roper possesses in an eminent degree the qualities which form a good light cavalry officer. Col. Daniel W. Lindsey, Twenty-second Regiment Kentucky Volun- teers; Col. Lionel A. Sheldon, Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteers; and Lieut. Col. George W. Bailey, Sixteenth Regiment Ohio Volun- teers, were at all times full of zeal and ever ready to execute any of my orders. I must regret that the sudden evacuation of the Gap should have deprived these officers of an opportunity which would ever have redounded to their honor. Lieut. Col. Don A. Pardee, Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and Lieut. Col. George W. Monroe, Twenty-second Regiment Kentuck Page 74 74 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL Volunteers, have already been honorably noticed in the body of this report. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN F. DR COUBOY, Colonel, Commanding Twenty-sixth Brigade. Captain JOLINE, Assi8tant Adjutant-General. No. 7. Report of Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird, U. S. Army, commanding Twenty. seventh Brigade, Army of the Ohio, of operations June 718. IIDQRS. 27TH BRIG., 7TH Div., ARMY OF THE OHIO, Cumberland Gap, June 21, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report concern- ing the march of my brigade from Cumberland Ford to this place: One of my regiments, the Nineteenth Kentucky, Colonel Landram, being detached, and afterward making the march with General Carter, I moved from the camp on the morning of Sunday, the 7th instant, with the Thirty-third Thdiana, Colonel Coburn, and the Fourteenth Kentucky, Colonel Cochran, and after three days of severe labor encamped at the foot of the mountain north of Rogers Gap. The length of this march was 32 miles, but its difficulty, arising from the character of the country and the condition of the roads, was so great as to require many men at each wagon to assist in getting it along. Resting during the day of ~Wednesday, while the blockade upon the mountain was being removed, I commenced its passage at sunset upon that evening, and at midnight took up a position by the side of Colonel IDe Courcy, in Powells Valley, near Rogers house. A large detachment of my men assisted during the night in the arduous duty oPbringing over the artillery. On the morning of Thursday I learned that peremptory orders required the return of General Morgan to the north side of the mount- ains. Previous to moving in that direction, however, I marched my brigade, accompanied by Wetmores battery and Mundays cavalry, for some distance down the valley, with the double object of procuring forage and examining the country. The day was extremely hot, and my men returned much fatigued, yet at 3 p. in., having previously sent forward to have the train carried to the rear and made a detach- ment of 200 men to aid the artillery, my command was again upon the march to the rear, and during the following day reached Lambdins, 18 miles distant from the valley. Scarcely had I arrived at this place when subseq4ent orders made a return of the division to Powells Valley necessary, and on Sunday evening, in compliance with instructions from the commanding general, I was again encamped at Rogers house. By this time the effect of severe labor began to be apparent; the feet of many were blistered, and those not naturally robust had given out. Our scanty supply of eight days rations was, moreover, exhausted; yet the men, pleased at the idea of moving toward the enemy, did not complain. After two days rest, during which I was joined by Colonel Landram, with his fine regiment, eager for a passage with the enemy, and further strengthened by Wetmores battery and Captain Martins company of cavalry, to act as a rear guard, we again advanced, without bread, wit Page 75 CHAP. XXIi. CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN. 75 eoffee for a single meal, and no other food but the fresh beef which we drove along, expecting to meet and fight the enemy, whose numbers equaled our own, in a position which had been selected in rear of Cum- berland Gap. On our approach, however, this position, as well as the stronghold for which we had so long been striving, were abandoned, and on the evening of the 18th instant we entered and took possession. I have in this connection to commend to the notice of the command- ing general the patient fortitude with which my men, without the stimu- lus and Jclat of successful battle, and notwithstanding the discouraging effects of our counter-march, endured the privations they were called upon to encounter. I beg that he will also remember the zeal, intelli- gence, and efficiency with which the officers in command of troops, as well as those of the staff, contributed in carrying forward the work on which we were engaged. They one and all merit my thanks. Had the identical results which have been achieved been consequent upon a severe struggle, with heavy loss~f life, they would have received a reward which they can now only look or in the satisfaction of having done their duty. To the officers in command of regimentsColonels Coburn, Landram, an~1 CochranI am especially indebted; and had the opportunity of a battle offered itself the activity and soldierly qualities which they dis- played, whether in bringing forward their commands or in preparing for the attacks in flank and rear to which our march was exposed, would, I am sure have brought reputation both to themselves and their regiments. 2Without making invidious distinctions between the other officers, I must mention by name Lieutenant-Colonel Gallop, Four- teenth Kentucky, and Major Manker, Thirty-third Indiana, who, outside of their regimental duties, gave great assistance in procuring the sup- plies, without which we could not have marched. I should likewise be negligent did I omit to name the officers of my staff, Capt. B. H. Polk, acting assistant adjutant-general; Lieuts. T. A. Elkin and John Cochran, aides-de-camp, and Lient. H. B. Finch, acting assistant quartermaster, whose services were invaluable. During the march I lost one man, Corp. Enos C. Hadley, Thirty-third Indiana, who died from exhaustion. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, A. BAIRD, Brigadier-General, Commanding Twenty-seventh Brigade. Capt. CHAI~LES 0. JOLINE, A. A. U., Hdqrs. Seventh Division. No. 8. Report of Maj. G~n. B. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army, including order8 for movement of troops. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, Tenn., April 30, 1862. The enemy attacked Cumberland Gap yesterday in force. I go to-day to re-enforce General Stevenson with all my available troops. Yester- day the enemy attacked General Leadbetters command at Bridgeport. It was necessary to retreat, and the bridge there was burned by Gen- eral Leadbetter. E. KIRBY SMITH, Major- General, Commanding. General S. COOPER, Adjt. and Insp. Gen., Richmond, Th Page 76 76 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXIi. KNOXVILLE, TENN., April 30, 1862. GENERAL: The enemy has attacked at Cumberland Gap. Move with all your disposable force toward Jacksborough. I will overtake you to.night or to-morrow morning. You will withdraw all the cavalry, ex- cept one company at Clinton and Cobbs Ferry, respectively. Those remaining will be directed to keep up communication with this point, and also to communicate to you across the country any important in- telligence. You will take with you, if practicable, six or seven days rations, but be careful to liave the wagons in condition to travel lightly. The troops should be without impediments and in fighting order. If the steamboat is at Clinton you will keep it there. Respectfully, your obedient servant, E. KIRBY SMITH, Major- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. S. M. BAnTON, Clinton, Tenn. 0 KNOXVILLE, TENN., April 30, 1862. GENERAL: The major-general commanding has received your dis- patch of the 28th instant, and directs me to inform you that he will move immediately with all his disposable force up Powells Valley to your assistance. He will be to-morrow at Jacksborough. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General. Brig. Gen. C. L. STEVENSON, Cumberland Gap, Tenn. KNOXVILLE, TENN., April 30, 1862. Push on by forced marches toward Jacksborough and join Brigadier- General Barton. Leave a sufficient force at Kingston. II. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant- General. Col. BENJAMIN ALLSTON, Kingston, Tenn., (Care of Colonel Key, Loudon, who will forward immediately). KNOXVILLE, TENN., April 30, 1862. COLONEL: You will move your regiment immediately to the railroad depot, where a train awaits to transport it to the terminus of the Ken- tucky Railroad. From that point you will proceed to Clinton, Tenn., and report to Brigadier-General Barton. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant-General. Colonel BECK, Twenty-third Regiment Alabama Volunteers, Colonel Boyn, Fifty-second Regiment Georgia Volunteers Page 77 CHAP. XXII.] CUMBERLAND GAP CAMPAIGN 77 HEADQUARTERS, Fincastle, Tenn., May 3, 1862. MAJOR: Since their repulse at Cumberland Gap, on the 29th ultimo, the enemy have made no demonstration at that point. My intelligence is tnat they are removing the obstructions in the Big Creek Gap road west of Fincastle. With my effective force here (1,500) I shall operate through the mountain on their rear, which is beyond support from the main body at Cumberland Ford. Small as my command at this point is, it is all the disposable force in the department, and was collected from every direction to co-operate with General Stevenson at Cumberland Gap. The Georgia regiments ordered to this department were weak when reported; they have since been so reduced by measles, mumps, and typhoid fever that they do not average an effective strength of 300. Besides their numerical weakness, they are disheartened by sickness and its effects. The troops lately raised in Tennessee are in the same condition. When my intelligence became conclusive that the enemy were con- centrating for an attack on Cumberland Gap, I telegraped General Marshall and asked his co-operation. He replied that his command, all told, did not number 1,000, and that he was inclined to doubt the accuracy of my information, having been so often deceived himself, & c. in its present condition I can expect no assistance from General Mar- shalls command. Whilst the people of East Tennessee believe my force to be large and effective, to the department alone have I exposed its weakness and inefficiency. 1 shall resist the enemys entrance into East Tennessee with all the means at my disposal, but with the people in my midst enlisted against me, and with a force of at least four to one, more efficient and better equipped, it will be alone assistance from on High that enables us to maintain possession of the department. In case of any irretrievable disaster, I have given instructions to the chiefs of departments for the quiet and speedy removal of all their stores. Respectfully, your obedient servant, E. KIRBY SMITH, Maj. T. A. WASHINGTON, Major-General, Commanding. A. A. U., Richmond, Va. No. 9. Report of J. F. Belton, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, Tenn., June 11, 1862. Allston has just reported that enemy fired on his pickets at Wilsons Gap yesterday morning. Sent a company up to support, and heard at 2 oclock they had some fighting and been driven back. Ashby then went up with parts of three companies to ascertain the state of affairs, but had not reported at 9 p. in., when courier left. J. F. BELTON, Acting Assistant Adjut~~nt-General. Maj. Gen. E. KIRBY SMITH, Chattanooga, Tenn Page 78 78 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXEL MARCH 31, 1862.-.--Skirmish on the Purdy Road, near Adamsville, Tenn. REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army. No. 2.Lieut. Charles H. Murray, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. Ko. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S!. Army. HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION Grumps Landing, Teun., April 1, 1862. Six: I inclose a report of a skirmish between our picket at Adams. vile and a small body of the rebels, which resulted unfortunately for us. As the general will see, the officer reporting attributes the mis- fortune to a deficiency of arms. My opinion is, however, it was partly from that cause and partly from his bad management, having, accord. ing to his own showing, but few arms; and the enemy being superior in number and armed with shot.guns, he ought either to have avoided a fight or charged pell-mell. What he says about the deficiency of arms and its effect upon his men I think worthy of attention, and with that opinion I beg to call the generals notice to it. Very respectfully, LEW. WALLACE, General, Third Division. Capt. JOuN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General. No, 2. Report of Lieut. Charles Iii. Murray, F~fth Ohio Cavalry. ADAMSVILLE, April 1,1862. Six: I was yesterday evening intrusted with 28 men from Company I, Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and instructed to proceed on the main road from this place to Purdy and relieve the temporary cavalry picket that had been thrown out, under command of Lieut A. C. Ross- man, on the approach of our forces to this place. On reaching the rendezvous of our picket Lieutenant Rossman reported that the enemy~s pickets had been seen during the afternoon but a quarter of a mile in advance of our own, and that there were suspicious indications that the enemys cavalry cOnteml)lated making a charge upon our pickets. With this information I deemed it necessary to advance all the force under my command, to station the first night relief~ and reconnoiter the ground of our outer pickets, with a view to place them in the safest position for the night. When I reached our out pickets I found the enemy were hovering around a neighboring woods in front. I drew in our pickets a short distance, and stationed 4 carbineers and 2 men with pistols below a small hill in the road, where they would be in some measure screened from the enemy, and yet able to discover their ap- proach a long distance on the road. I had just completed this arrange- ment and wheeled my main force to return when the picket signale& the approach of the enemys cavalry. I immediately commanded th Page 79 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDITION TO PARIS, TENN. 79 main force about and ordered the carbineers to support the pickets. The carbineers in the force advanced with the pickets to the brow of the hill and checked the rebel charge. When they reached this posi- tion the rebels, who had advanced within a few paces, opened a rapid and severe fire from their double-barreled shot-guns. This our men returned with spirit, nor did a man ffinch until they had emptied their carbines and pistols. I cannot speak in too high terms of the bravery that this little band manifested, as they received the full fire of an overwhelming foe. Daring this engagement I commanded the main force to stand firm below the hill, where they were under coverthe enemys fire passing 3 or 4 feet over their heads. When the pickets gave way and fell back on ~ur ranks many of the horses, which were unaccustomed to firing, became restive and pro- duced confusion in our ranks. At the same time the enemy advanced, and our men, most of whom were armed with nothing but a saber, gave way, and a general retreat followed. The enemy pursued about half a mile. We lost in this engagement 3 men, with their arms (armed with carbine, pistol, and saber), as follows: Sergt. E. T. Cook and Privates William Ledwell and John Pelley. When Sergeant Cook was last seen he was riding amongst the rebels, fighting them hand to hand. It is not ascertained if he was wounded before being taken prisoner. Ledwell is supposed to be badly wounded or killed as his saddle was covered with blood. Pelley is a prisoner, and sujposed unharmed. The horses of the captured men by some means escaped and returned to camp with their saddle equipments. Four of our horses were hit; one disabled. In concluding this report permit me to say that our men will not stand and cope with such a well-armed foe while they themselves are so inefficiently and poorly armed. We have now but 7 carbineers to our company and no cartridges for them. We are in possession of but 28 pistols, and they were long since condemned as wholly unfit for service. They are a spurious weapon, made out of cast iron, and one halr of the time will neither cock nor revolve. These facts contribute to discour- age our men and chill their ardor. Every succeeding defeat similar to the present will render our men more timid and the rebels more confident. Every engagement of our cavalry with theirs, under our present poorly-armed condition, must prove disastrous. Our men are brave. They ask for good arms; they deserve them. They say, Give us good weapons and we will fight to the death. I am, sir, your most obedient servant, C. H. MURRAY, Lieutenant Company I, Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Col. C. R. Woons, Comdg. Third Brigade, Western Tennessee. MARCH 31APRIL 2, 1862.Expedition to Paris, Tenu. Report of Capt. William A. Haw, Fifth Iowa Cavalry. CAMP LOWE, TENTh, April 3, 1862. Pursuant to verbal orders received I started from Camp Lowe, 75 horses strong (including two guides), at noon on the 31st March, 1862 Page 80 80 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. Xxii and proceeded toward Paris, taking the road to Paris Landing, and turning to the southwest. I fonnd a very broken and timbered country, with tolerably good roads, often crossed by small creeks; the timber consisting of small oak trees with bnt little underwood, so that an in- fantry force would be able to operate as skirmishers. Cavalry can only fight in the same way. There are but a very few and small places where charges could be made. The whole road is practicable for teams and artillery. About 14 or 15 miles this side of Paris I found a swamp land for the distance of about a mile and a half; where the road forms a dam at the end of which is a narrow wooden bridge, about 250 feet long, in not a very good condition, but I consider it strong enough to pass light artillery and other trains. This place is able to be held by a most inferior force. I proceeded farther, until about 4~ miles this side of Paris, to an open place, about 1 mile long and 1 mile wide, called ilortens farm, where I passed the night, after sending out pickets at a distance from the camping place. During the night I sent several patrols towards Paris and the south, to scout the country and visit the pickets. Nothing trans- pired during the night. I have to observe that from the above-men- tioned bridge to Paris there will be found more open places where cavalry could charge. In the evening I received a visit from a neighboring farmer and lead- in~r citizen, Major Porter, who seemed a little alarmed about our presence, and asked me the favor of extending my protection toward his widowed sister, Mrs. Dobson. I told him and all the countrymen present that I never would suffer my men to commit any depredation, and that we, the so-called Yankee troops, were in the country not to molest or harm the citizens, but to assist and protect the peaceable and loyal. Upon his special invitation I went with Major Porter to his lady sister, whom I assured in regard to the good conduct of our soldiers. I cannot complain about any of the people I met with. All showed themselves kind and friendly, but very anxious to hear Northern news. There is no display of feeling favorable to the Union, but a kind of neutrality. We have been asked for papers, to see themselves the dif- ference between Southern and our own statements. Myself and other officers did all in our power to rectify the misstatements of the rebel leaders and editors. It seems to me that the good conduct of our sol- diers did very much to give the citizens the opportunity to judge both parties. I started at about 6 a. m. April 1, 1862, for Paris, and entered town at 7 a. m. in order of battle; occupied the court-house and public square, and passed through the principal streets to show to the citizens the muzzles of our pieces. Then coming back to the court-house, I sent out pickets to avert surprise. Paris is a small town of about 800 to 1,000 inhabitants, situated upon a little plateau, which is surrounded by steep hollows, of a depth vary- ing on the north and east sides between 20 and 50 feet. On the south and west the plateau is sloping, with steep descents. Against a force not too numerous and without artillery this position, I believe, is ten- able for weeks. The Ohio and Memphis Railroad passes the northern limits of the town, and the embankment forms another rampart for the place. I inquired for the key of the court-house, which was handed to me. I entered it and planted my company flag, the Stars and Stripes of our glorious country, on the top, which was received by my boys with cheers and hurrahs, but by them alone. The citizens (but a small portion o Page 81 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDITION TO PARIS, TENN. 81 them remain) were gathering in front of their houses viewing the things going on, but their countenances showing that these acts were not in- different to them. I had occupied the public square upon which the court-house is erected awaiting the events. By and by people began to gather around the place, then came inside the fence, looking at and admiring our horses, and at last, finding out that the Yankee troops are 110 Caribs, they began to converse, first with the boys, then with myself. They seemed at first to have been afraid of their town being pillaged and destroyed, but were highly pleased in learning from me that we did not come for the purpose of molesting them or for destruction of any kind, but in order to protect them. Here I met with several prominent citizens, who professed, not, it is true, to be Union men -but to have had iioth- ing to do with secession. I told them that I planted our banner over their court-house, and wished those who professed to be peaceable citi- zens to see that our flag was not torn down; that I expected to see it still floating there on my next visit to Paris, and that they might rest assured of beino protected by us as long as they did not molest the flag, but should they disgrace that said flag they would be held responsible for their bad acts. The information I got was that the Southerii party was afraid that the Union mcii would rise in arms to get up a counter-revolution; that a former Congressman, Etheridge, was to help in that undertaking with a force raised in Kentucky. 1 heard farther that several young men slIoke out their intention to resist the drafting operations, just going on for the third time; that the second draft brought only 15 men from the county. The officer commissioned to carry out the draft was designated to me as a Mr. Mitchell, captain of militia, residing in town. I paid a visit to this man with a squad of my men, but Mr. Mitchell had preferred to leave town at our approach. I am thinking that his flying away and our presence will do much good in encouraging the young men to persist in their resistance. Another man, by the name of Van iDyk, was marked to me as one who took a great, if not the greatest, part in arresting a Union guide, who afterwards is reported to have been sentenced to be hung. I could not ascertain that this sentence has been carried out because of nothing having been heard of him since his transportation to Memphis. Van Dyk was arrested. A third citizen, Mr. Cummins, an actual member of the rebel Legis- lature of Tennessee, was reported to me as being concealed in his house, but after a minute investigation he could not be found. During these proceedings I sent out patrols to scout the vicinity from Paris to Humboldt, about 5 miles in advance, who did not find or see anything; oti the contrary, reported the country clear of any armed troops. Regarding rebel forces, I was informed by several individuals, at different places and different times, that 1. Clay King, with his force, 500 to 600 strong, has been ordered to Lexington, toward the Mississippi, about 55 miles from Camp Lowe. 2. Two companies of independent cavalry, or mounted men, poorly aimed and equipped, were stationed at Humboldt, sending out scout- ing parties toward Paris. 3. The last party of this kind was seen at Paris last Thursday. 4. The troops garrisoned at Memphis were diminishing daily by being ordered toward Corinth. G it RVOL Page 82 82 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAY. XXIL In my opinion the occupation of Paris by a few companies of cavalry and infantry would do much good to the cause of the Union and strengthen the undecided citizens, amongst whom I found several whom I believe worthy of confidence when they assert themselves to be Union men. At 3 p. m. I started from Paris, with the prisoner Van Dyk, west. ward, turning northward to Camp Lowe, scouted the country about 20 miles, to the farm and tan-yard of a Mr. Ray, where we stopped over- night. Mr. Ray, having been reported to me as being a strong South- ern man, tried to refuse us shelter, but seeing my force, he gave way to better feelings and received us with seeming kindness. During the conversation in his parlor his family expectorated strong secession opinions. Notwithstanding, we were treated very well and furnished with all the necessaries. Mr. Ray, according to reports made to me by several individuals, had furnished the Southern Confederacy with boots and shoes manufactured by himself at his own expense, he being a very wealthy man. I inquired into the matter, and ascertained from his own negroes that on Saturday, the 29th of March, 1862, he sent off a full wagon load of said articles. (Mr. Ray used to abuse his negroes, and they consequently entertain no friendly feelings for him; therefore I would respectfully suggest not to tell him who informed me.) In the morning of April 2, 1862, I put to Mr. Ray the question frankly and plainly whether he did send oft~ any boots or shoes to the Confederacy. He denied it. He denied even to have had any such intercourse with the rebel party. His behavior, while questioned, was such that my sus- picions of his guilt advised me to bring him before my superiors to be judged, and so I did. From there we started at about 8 a. in., directing our course to Camp Lowe, through a small place called Coynesville, situated about 10 miles west of the above-mentioned camp. This village contains about 300 inhabitants, represented as professing no Union feelings. We passed through. Nobody seemed to observe us nor to care about our presence, but one of my officers told me afterward that two or three citizens had told him that they wished for us to put up the Union flag. The country from Paris to Camp Lowe, on our way back, as above described, is more broken, timbered, and hilly than the first described. The road is bad and not kept in repair. I crossed no swamps and but a few creeks. I would not, if I could do it otherwise, direct a trans- portation train by this road. ln regard to operations for cavalry, I consider it a very poor terrain from Paris to Coynesville. From here to Camp Lowe I found several open places, but no prairies. About 6 miles from Coynesville we stopped at the farm of a black- smith named Oliver, reported as a strong Southern man, who had furnished bowie-knives and forwarded them to the Southern Confed- eracy Army at his own expense, and that he had expressed himself that he never would be brought to take the oath of allegiance. I asked him if such was the case, but he answered in the negative, saying that he only made a few for his sons and their friends. Our guide, being present, told him that there was no use denying it, because he had done what I charged him to be guilty of. Four sons of his being in the Confederate Army, and his family having professed openly their sympathy for the South in my presence, I thought it my duty to bring him, too, before my superiors. I feel niyself bound to aver that the whole command under my dire Page 83 CHAP. XXII.] EXPEDITION TO EASTPORT, MISS., ETC. 83 tion did enjoy themselves in doing the duty to be performed and kept up perfect discipline. Respectfully, W. A. flAW, Captain Company F, Curtis Horse. Lient. Col. M. T. PATRICK, Commanding Regiment. APRIL 1, 1862Expedition from Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., to Eastport, Miss., and Chickasaw, Ala.* Report of Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS SHERMANS DIVISION, Camp Shiloh, near Pittsburg Landing, Teun., April 2, 1862. SIR: In obedience to General Grants instructions of March 31, I detached one section of Captain Munchs Minnesota battery (two 12- pounder howitzers), a detachment of the Fifth Ohio Cavalry of 150 men under Major Ricker, and two battalions of inflintry from the Fifty- seventh and Seventy-seventh Ohio~ under the command of Colonels Huldebrand and Mungen. These were marched to the river and em- barked on the steamers Empress and Tecumseh. The gunboat Cairo did not arrive at Pittsburg until after midnight, and at 6 a. m. Captain Bryant, commanding the gunboats, notified inc that he should proceed up the river. I followed, keeping the transports within about 300 yards of the gunboats. About 1 p. m. the Cairo commenced shelling the battery above the mouth of Indian Creek, but elicited no reply. She proceeded up the river steadily an(I cautiously, followed close by the Tyler and Lexington, all throwing shells at the points where on former visits of the gunboats the enemys batteries were found. In this order all followed till it was demonstrated that all the enemys batteries, in- cluding that at Chickasaw, were abandoned. I ordere4 the battalion of infantry under Colonel Hildebrand to dis- embark at Eastport, and with the other battalion proceeded to Chick- asaw and landed. The battery at this point had evidently been aban- doned some time, and consisted of the remains of an old Indian mound partly washed away by the river, which had been fashioned into a two-gun battery, with a small magazine. The ground to its rear had evi- dently been overflowed during the late freshet, and led to the removal of the guns to Eastport, where the batteries were on high, elevated ground, accessible at all seasons from the country to the rear. Upon personal inspection, I attach little importance to Chickasaw as a mili- tary position. The people who had fled during the approach of the gunboats returned to the village, and said the place had been occupied by one Tennessee regiment and a battery of artillery from Pensacola. After remaining at Chickasaw some hours all the boats dropped back to Eastport, not more than a mile below, and landed there. Eastport Landing during the late freshet must have been about 12 feet under water, but at the present stage the landing is the best I have seen on the Tennessee River. The levee is clear of trees or snags, and a hun- dred boats could land there without confusion. The soil is of sand and gravel and very firm. The road back is hard, and at a distance of about 400 yards from the water the hard gravel hills of the country. * For report of Lieut. Commander W. Gwin, U. S. Navy, see Series I, Vol. VIII, pp. 121, 122 Page 84 84 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., ANI) SW. VA. [CIIAu. XXIU. The infantry scouts sent ont by Colonel Hildebrand found the enemys cavalry mounted and watching the road to luka, about 2 miles back of. Eastport. The distance from Juka is only 8 miles, and luka is the nearest point and the best road by which the Charleston and Memphis Road can be reached. I could obtain no certain information as to the strength of the enemy at Juka, but am satisfied that it would have been folly to have at- teml)ted it with my command, our object being to dislodge the enemy from the batteries recently erected near Eastport, and these being attained, I have returned, and report the river clear to an(l beyond C hickasaw. I have the honor to be, your obedieimt servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Comm ending Di rision. Capt. JoIIN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-General to General Grant. APRIL 3, 1862.Reconnaissance from Savannah, Tenn., to Eastport, Miss., and Chickasaw, Ala. T~EPORTS. No. 1.Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army. No. 2. Col. J. D. Webster, U. S. Army. No. 1. Report of ilraj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Savannah, Tenn., April 3, 1862. CAPTAIN: Inclosed herewith I send you report of Colonel Webster, chief of staff, who accompanied the gunboats up the river, with the view of determining the practicability of destroying the railroad east of Corinth without special dan oer of bringing on an engagement. There will be no great difficulty in going any l)lace with the army now concentrated here, but a battle will necessarily ensue at any point on the railroads touched. A dispatch from the telegraph operator is just in. He states that General Nelson has arrived in sight. The advance will arrive prob- ably on Saturday. The (lispatch received does not state the number of miles out the telegraph wire is laid. Nothing is learned from Corinth very reliable. l)eserters occasion- ally come in, but all that can be learned from them that is reliable is that the force there is large and increasing. They do not (lescribe the feeling of the men as at all hopeful; on the contrary, say that many would desert if they cOlll(l. I have becin engaged for the last two days reviewing the troops of this command. I find the men in excellent condition, and as a general thing well clothed. Some, however, are still in the gray uniform, and owing to the bad quality of clothing on hand are reluctant to draw other to replace that on haiid. I have already twenty-one batteries here, which looks to me quit Page 85 CHAP. XXII.] RECONNAISSANCE FROM SAVANNAH, TENN. 85 enough for the other force; but if at all consistent with the public in- terest, and more artillery is to be sent, I would ask that the First Illi- nois Artillery be sent, Colonel Webster, colonel of the regiment, being here with me. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major- General. Capt. N. II. MCLEAN, A. A. G., Department of the Mississippi. No.2. Report of Col. J. D. Webster, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Savannah., Teun., April 3, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to your order of yesterday evening I visited the vicinity of Eastport and Chickasaw this foremioon, on the gunboat Tyler, Captain Gwin. The abandonment by the enemy of their batteries in the neighbor- hood heretofore reported seems to be permanent. There is no appar- ent difficulty in making a landing at any point this side of the shoals above Chickasaw, which form the present limit of navigation for our gunboats. Is it desirable to make that landing with our forces and attempt the destruction of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad at its nearest approach to the rivert The shortness of the distance is in favor of the idea. The considerations, on the other side, arise chiefly from the broken character of the ground over which the march would have to be made. The road running out from Eastport is understood to be a good one so far as transportation along it is concerned; but it is understood that it passes along a- hollow or ravine, the hills on each side of which are abrupt, and would probably afford numerous posi- tions which could be readily (lefended by a slnall force. This would make the progress along the route necessarily slow, probably sufficiently so to offset tlie gain in distance, besides causing loss of life, without achieving decisive results. I apI)rehefld that these considerations apply with greater or less force to any route from the river to the railroad starting from any point above Hamburg. In ~ormnation received to-day seems to confirm the accounts heretofore given and deemed reliable of the country over which these routes would l)ass. Besides this, if the river continues to fall Hamburg will in a few days be the head of navi- gation for our gunboats, whose services would be necessary to cover the debarkation of the troops. The enemy can hardly be so improvident as not to keep in readiness a large train of cars to throw a force to any threatened point of the line of railroad. Suppose they send by express riders from Hamburg to Corinth notice of our forces having gone up; this notice would be received at Corinth in little more than an hour from the time of our passing. It would be the work of but a few minutes to till a train of 100 or 150 cars with troops and start them in time to reach the point of our attack before us, to re-enforce the troops already there. The country in the vicinity of Corinth is understood from reliable information to be comparatively level. The woods are open; very free from undergrowth. I apprehend that a large, if not the principal, part of the enemys artificial defenses will consist in the rude abatis so much employed heretofore. To dislodge them from this what umeans can b Page 86 86 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXU. more effectual than a large artillery force with plenty of shrapnel and canister? Do not the means exist in this military department of n~iak- ing such an attack almost certainly overpowering and decisive? It would afford me great pleasure if your views of duty should coin- cide with my wishes, which constantly lead me to hope that several batteries of the First Illinois Light Artillery, now at Saint Louis, may be ordered here in time to connect the name of that regiment with a decisive victory. I am, very respectfully, general, your most obedient servant, J. D. WEBSTER, Colonel and Chief of Staff. Maj. Gen. U. S. GRANT, Commanding District. APRIL 3, 1862.Skirmish near Monterey, Teun. REPORTS. No. l.Col. William H. H. Taylor, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. No. 2.Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Col. William H. H. Taylor, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. IIDQRs. FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Third Brig., First Div., Army West Tennessee, April 3, 1862. GENERAL: I respectfully beg to report that, in obedience to your orders, I proceeded from this camp at midnight with about 400 men of this regiment in the direction of Corinth. Being without guides, and the night so dark, after having marched some 4 miles we halted until near daybreak. About a mile and a half beyond the house of Mr. Chambers we came upon the enemys pickets, 9 in number, upon whom the advance guard immediately charged, wounding 1 rebel and making another prisoner. The prisoner~s name is Lammon, and a ])rivate in the First Alabama Cavalry. We chased the rebels some distance in the direction of Greers, and after obtaining a guide discovered that 15 of the enemys cavalry were posted within a mile and a half of Greers house. Marching in that direction, we met a gentleman calling himself Dr. Parker, whom we had seen two hours previously at the house of Cham- bers, when, after asking his services as a guide, pleaded ignorance of the surrounding country and want of a horse, while after our departure he had saddled his horse and ridden some 3 miles, and upon the evi- dence of a woman living near the picket post he certainly had given information to the rebels of our approach. I accordingly arrested him, and have brought him to camp for your examination. Finding no trace of the fugitive rebels, I ordered my command back to camp, arriving here at 9 a. m. I learned that at Monterey the rebels have three regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery of artillery. They are also in force with cavalry on the other side of Lick Creek. I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, W II. H. TAYLOR, Colonel Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN ~Jommanding First Division, Army of West Tennessee Page 87 CRAP. XXII.] SKIRMISH AT LAWRENCEBURG, TENN. 87 No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS ADVANCE, April 3, 1862. MAJOR: Colonel Clanton has just reported verbally to me that the enemys pickets attacked his advance pickets about daylight this morn- ing, and he fears that 2 of his men were captured, though he was not able to state accurately the facts. As soon as I am accurately informed I will report to you. Your order to prepare for niovement has been received and given to the troops. Our commissary stores have not arrived, but are expected hourly. We have on hand one days rations ready cooked. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant JAMES R. CHALMERS, Brigadier-General. Maj. GEORGE G. GARNER, Assistant Adjutant- General. APRIL 4, 1862.Skirmish at Lawrenceburg, Tenxi. Report of Brig. Gen. Milo S. ifascall, U. S. Army. HDQR5. FIFTEENTH BRIGADE, ARMY OF THE OHIO, Field of Shiloh, April 12, 1862. Agreeably to the order of General Wood, I proceeded on the morn- ing of the 4th instant from our camp, 23 miles beyond Waynesborough and about 60 miles from this place, with two regiments of my brigade, to wit, the Twenty-sixth Ohio and the Seventeenth Indiana, together with a detachment of about 600 of the Third Ohio Cavalry, nuder Lieutenant-Colonel Murray, of that regiment, and marched for Law- renceburg. The general had been informed that about 500 of the en- erny~s cavalry were at that point, with the intention of making a de- scent upon our train after the troops had passed. My instructions were to proceed cautiously to Lawrenceburg, a distance of about 14 miles from our camp, and capture the enemy, if possible, and to disperse him at all events. It happened that the (lay was very rainy an(l exceedingly bad for the infantry to make the march, on account of the swollen streams and mud. I proceeded very cautiously, leaving a couple of cavalry at every house we passed, to prevent any one taking informa- tion to Lawrenceburg of our approach, but when getting about 2 miles from there we had to pass over a succession of hills, in full view of the town, so that further precaution in this respect was useless. By this time I had learned that there were not more than from 50 to 100 cavalry there at farthest, and being desirous of saving the infantry as much as possible for the forced march that was still before them, be- fore reaching this point I ordered the infantry to halt, and, after getting their dinner, to return to the camp they left in the morning and join the other two regiments of my brigade. I then proceeded with the cavalry as fast as the roads would permit, and, when getting within about one- fourth of a mile from town, ordered a charge upon the town, which was splendidly executed by Lieutenant-Colonel Murray at the head of his men. 1 learned that there were 50 to 75 cavalry in town,but as soon as they observed our approach put themselves in readiness to leave. The Page 88 88 1x7., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. left principally in the direction of Florence and Mount Pleasant, and, their horses being fresh, but few could be overtaken, though they were pursued some 8 miles in both directions by our cavalry. Two of the enemy were severely wounded, as evidenced by the blood upon their horses which fell into our hands. The result of the expedition was the breaking up of the secession rendezvous at that point, the capture of 6 cavalry horses and saddles, about 4,000 pounds of fine bacon, a dozen or two shot-guns and squirrel rifles, and 2 drums. I take great pleasure iii reporting that a strong Union sentiment seemed to pervade the whole country through which we passed going and returning, my command being everywhere received (except at Lawrenceburg) with every demonstration of joy and treated with the utmost kindness and consideration. Fearing that that portion of the rebel cavalry that fled toward Monut Pleasant might be part of a larger band in that , and might seriously embarrass, if not capture, portions of our train, I dispatched Major Foster, of the cavalry, with two companies, to scout the country as far as Mount Pleasant, and the ii to join his regiment at Savannah; since which time I have received no tidings from him, but presume lie has joined his regiment some time since. The remainder of the cavalry, with myself an(l staff, bivonacked near Lawrenceburg the night of the 4th, and having procured wagons iu the neighborhood with which to transport the cal)tured bacon, started early the next morning, and about nooii overtook the infantry of my brigade, who were en route for this place. The next day (6th) we began to hear the fire of the gunboats, and presuming an engagement had taken place, we took three days rations in our haversacks, and leaving our train in charge of the brigade quartermaster, with a sufficiemit guard, we pushed ahead by forced marches, and made our way to Savannah and Pittsburg Landing at 12 oclock on the night of the 7t~,~and early the next morning I had my whole brigade iii its present position, in the advaiice, ready to fight the emmemy should he again attack, or for any other duty that might be assigned it. When the general considers that two regiments of my brigade thus made a detour some 30 miles out of the way, and that for 20 miles back of Savanmiah the road was completely blockaded by the teams of the other divisions of General Buells army that had preceded his own, and that notwithstanding all this my brigade arrived on the battle-field only twelve hours after the other portions of his division, I think he will unite ~vith me in saying that it is entitled to as munch credit as any that took part in the glorious achievements of the 6th amid 7th instant. This latter part concerning the march after the affair at Lawrencebnrg, though not strictly speaking part of this report, I have mievertlieless thought that justice to my l;rigade, nuder all circumstances, demammde(l this statemnent from me in this connection, and its indorsemeut by the general commanding the division, who is aware of all the circum- stances. It is proper for me to add here that in all my operations after bein_ detached for the Lawrenceburg affair to the timne of mny arrival here I received most efficient aid and co-operation from all mny field and staff officers. All which is respectfully submitted. MILO S. HASCALL, Brigadier- General, Commanding Fifteenth Brigade. Captain SCHLATER, Assistant Adjutant- General, SiXth Division Page 89 CHAP. XXII.] SKIRMISH NEAR PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. 89 APRIL 4, 1862.Skirmish near Pittsburg Landing, Teun. IREPORTS. No. l.Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army. No. 3.Col. Ralph P. Buckland, Seventy-Second Ohio Infantry. No. 4.Maj. Elbridge G. Ricker, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. No. 5.Maj. Gen. William J. Hardee, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Savannah, April 5, 1862. GENERAL: Just as my letter of yesterday to Captain McLean, assist- ant adjutant.general, was finished, notes from Generals MeClernands and Shermans assistant adjutants-general were received, stating that onr outposts had beeii attacked by the enemy, apparently in consider- able force. I immediately went up, bnt found all quiet. The enemy took 2 officers and 4 or 5 of our men prisoners and wounded 4. We took 8 prisoners and killed several; number of the enemy wounded not known. They had with them three pieces of artillery and cavalry and infantry. How much cannot of course be estimated. I have scarcely the faintest idea of an attack (general one) being made upon us, but will be prepared should such a thing take place. General Nelsons division has arrived. The other two of General Buells column will arrive to-morrow and next day. It is my present intention to send them to Hamburg, some 4 miles above Pittsburg, when they all get here. From that point to Corinth the road is good, and a junction can be formed with the troops from Pittsburg at almost any point. Colonel McPherson has gone with ~n escort to-day to examine the defensibility of the ground about Hamburg, and to lay out the position of the camps if advisable to occupy that place. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major- General. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Commanding Department of the Mississippi, Saint Louis, Mo. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gem William T. Sherman, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION, Camp Skiloh, Tenn., April 5, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that yesterday about 3 p. in. it was reported to me that the lieutenant commanding and 7 men of the advance pickets had imprudently advanced from their posts and were captured. I ordered Major Bicker, of .the Fifth Ohio Cavalry, to pro- ceed rapidly to the picket station, ascertain the truth, and, act according to circumstances. He reached the station, found the pickets had bee Page 90 90 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII. captured as reported, and that a company of infantry sent by the brigade commander had gone forward in pursuit of some cavalry. He rapidly advanced some 2 miles and found them engaged; charged the enemy, and drove them along the ridge road until he met and received three discharges of artillery, when he very properly wheeled under cover and returned till he met me. As soon as I heard artillery I advanced with two regiments of infantry and took position and remained until the scattered companies of infantry and cavalry returned. This was after night. I infer that the enemy is in some considerable force at Pea Ridge; that yesterday morning they crossed a brigade of two regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and one battery of field artillery to the ridge on which the Corinth road lays. They halted the infantry and artillery at a point about 5 miles in my front, and sent a detach- ment to the lane of General Meeks, on the north of Owl Creek, and the cavalry down towards our camp. This cavalry captured a part of our advance pickets and afterwards engaged the two companies of Colonel Bucklands regiment, as described by him in his report, herewith in- closed. Our cavalry drove them back upon their artillery and infantry, killing many and bringing off 10 prisoners (all of the First Alabama Cavalry), whom I send to you. We lost of the picket: 1 first lieutenant and 7 men of the Seventieth Ohio Infantry, taken prisoners; 1 major, 1 lieutenant, and 1 private of the Seventy.second Ohio taken prisoners, and 8 privates wounded. iNaines of all embraced in report of Colonel Buckland, inclosed here- with. We took 10 prisoners, and left 2 wounded and many killed on the field. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Divi8ion. Capt. JOHN A. RAwLINs, A. A. G., District of West Tennessee. No. 3. Report of Col. Ralph P. Buckland, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, Camp Shiloh, April 5, 1862. SIR: I make the following report of the affair of yesterday: About 2.30 p. m. I went out to the field where Major Crockett was drilling the Seventy-second Regiment. Just as I reached the field quite a brisk firing commenced on the left of our pickets. I (lirected Major Crockett to march the regiment around that way to camp, and I rode ahead to ascertain what the firing meant. I fonnd that Lieut. W. II. Herbert, of the Seventieth Ohio Volunteers, and 0 guards under him had been taken prisoners. I sent Lieutenant Geer to inform Colonel Cockerill, and request the colonel to report the fact to General Sher- man. Major Crockett had directed Company B, Seventy-second Regi- ment, to bear off to the right of our picket line as skirmishers. After reaching the house where the guard was I directed the major to take Company H and meet Company B, leaving the balance of the regiment at the house. Lieutenant Geer returned and informed me that Gen- eral Sherman would send out 100 cavalry. I returned to camp, suppos- ing that Major Crockett would soon follow me with the regiment. Afte Page 91 CHAP. XXII.] SKIRMISH NEAR PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN. 91 remaining some time I concluded to ride back. When I reached the house Major Crockett had not returned, but constant firing was heard in the direction he had taken. I took about 100 men of Companies A, D, and I, and marched in the direction of the firing, supposing it not to be far off, and that Major Crockett and his men were surrounded by rebel cavalry. We had proceeded some distance when we met some men of Company II, who informed me that Major Crockett was proba- bly taken prisoner, and that Companies B and II were separated. The firing continued, not rapid but pretty regular, which led inc to the con- clusion that Company B was surrounded and were defending them- selves against cavalry. We pushed on at donble-qnick, notwith- standing the severe storm. I rode some distance ahead of the men, and discovered the enemy, as I supposed, about to make a charge. They charged, and Company B returned the charge, as Captain Ray- moud has since informed me. My men came up most gallantly and opened a destructive fire upon the enemy, who soon retired to an open space and commenced forming. I had changed the front of my line to correspond, when our cavalry came up and the enemy fled. The cav- alry pursued, and we followed until it was ascertained that the enemy were in force a short distance ahead, when we returned, in company with the cavalry. Captain Raymond, Company B, informs me that they had been sur- rounded by the enemy more than an hour, fjrst by about 100 or 150, and that just before I came up they were re-enforced to about 400, amid were all ready to charge when my men commenced firing upon them. Captain Raymonds men fired about 15 rounds. He had with him Adjutant Rawson, Sergeant-Major Engle, Lieutenants Buckland and Fisher~ of Company B, and Lieutenant Crary, of the Forty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, who went along from the drill ground, and 41 non-commis- sioned officers and men. All behaved with great coolness and bravery. Company H also had a severe fight with rebel cavalry. They were attacked after they had commenced retreating. Major Crockett became separated from the company, and is undoubtedly taken prisoner; also Lieutenant Geer, of the Forty-eighth, who, it seems, joined Crockett after I left for camp. It is not known that any of our men were killed, but Sergts. Andrew Unkle and Philip Fertiz are missing, supposed to be prisoners. I annex a list of wounded and missing.* A considera- ble number of the enemy were killed both by Company B and the men under my charge. Quite a number of dead bodies were seen as we passed over the ground. The men under my charge took 8 prisoners, and Captain Raymond brought 2 wounded rebels from the field and left them at a house near our line of pickets. They are probably mor- tally wounded. I annex a list of wounded and missing.* List of wounded and missing in Seventy-second Regiment Ohio Vol- unteers: Officers 1 Non-commissioned officers 1 Enlisted men 8 1 Total a 3 * Nominal list omitted Page 92 92 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. Lieutenant Geer, of the Forty-eighth, acting aide, is missing. I have not received the names of the missing men of the Seventieth Ohio Volunteers. Your obedient servant, R. P. BUCKLAND, Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, Commanding Fifth Division. No. 4. Report of Maj. Elbridge C. Richer, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. IIDQRS. SEcoND BATT FIFTH REGT. OHIO VOL. CAy., Pittsburg, Tenn., April 4, [fl 1862. In accordance with the order issued to me at 2.30 p. m. of said day (to proceed with 150 men to look for Major Crockett, a lieutenant, and 5 or 6 men, who had wandered outside the pickets and were supposed to be lost or captnred) we reached the pickets about 3.30 oclock, and learned that Colonel Buckland was out with two companies of infantry. We moved on for about 2 miles, when we heard considera- ble firing on our right. Knowing the gronnd, I at once ordered two companies to follow the road, with the view of taking the enemy iii the rear, while I moved against his flank with two other companies. We found a large cavalry force slowly retiring before Colonel Buck- land and his command. There is a strip of fallen timber at this point that retarded our movemeiits very much for a short time. As soon as our men were clear of this obstacle they dashed on to the enemy, scat- teriug them in every direction and pursuing them some 300 or 400 yards. When passing the brow of a hill our advance was opened on by three or four pieces of artillery, at least two regiments of infantry, and a large cavalry force. So near was our advance to this line of bat- tle of the enemy that one of our men was carried within the enemys lines by his horse and captured, while another shot one of their gun- ners down at his gun. Two of our men lost their carbiiies at this point. I then ordered my command to fall back about 200 yards, bringing a piece of high ground between us and the enemy. Colonel Buckland coming up at this time with his command, we formed and retired in good order, bringing off 9 prisoners. Not less than 20 of the enemy were left dead; also a number of horses were killed and wounded, among which was the horse of the lieutenant-col- onel of the First Alabama Cavalry. We brought off his saddle and equipments. I must return thanks to officers and men for the manner in which they conducted themselves in presence of a force at least ten times their number. I acknowledge Gods mercy in protecting our men under the terrible fire poured upon us by the enemy in the opening fight of the great battle of Pittsbnrg. Nine wounded prisoners were brought in at night, makiimg in all 18. E. G. BICKER, Miajor Second Battalion, Fifth Regt. Ohio Volunteer tiavalr.y. Col. W. II. II. TAYLOR Page 93 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 93 No. 5. Report of Maj. Gen. William J. Hardee, C. S. Army. CAMP NEAR MICKEYS, April 4, 1862. GENERAL: The cavalry and infantry of the enemy attacked Colonel Clautons regiment, which was posted, as I before informed you, about 500 or 600 yards in. advaiice of my lines. Colonel Clanton retired, and the enemys cavalry followed until they came near our infantry and artillery, when they were gallantly repulsed with slight loss. Very respectfully, W. J. HAIRPEE, Miajor- General. General BRAXTON BRAGG, Chief of Stajf APRIL 67, 1862.Battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloli, Tenn. REPOHTS, ETC. No. l.Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the Mississippi. No. 2.Organization of the Union forces engaged and return of casualties, com- piled from the nominal lists, returns, & c., for April, 1862. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. No. 3.Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Tennessee, with abstracts from the field returns of the several divisions, April 45 and April 1015, 1862. No. 4.Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand, U. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 5.Col. Abraham M. Hare, Eleventh Iowa Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 6.Col. Marcellus M. Crocker, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 7.Capt. Robert H. Sturgess, Eighth Illinois Infantry. No. 8.Capt. J. J. Anderson, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry. No. 9.Lient. Col. William Hall, Eleventh Iowa Infantry. No. 10.Col. Marcellus M. Crocker, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry. No. 11.Col. C. Carroll Marsh, Twentieth Illinois Infantry, commanding Second Bri- gade. No. 12.Lient. Col. Thomas E. G. Ransom, Eleventh Illinois Infantry. No. 13.Lient. Abram H. Ryan, Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, Acting Assistant Ad- jutant-General, Third Brigade. No. 14.Lient. Col. Enos P. Wood, Seventeenth Illinois Infantry. No. 15.Lient. Col. Adolph Engelmaun, Forty-third Illinois Infantry. No. 16.Lient. George L. Nispel, Battery E, Second Illinois Light Artillery. No. 17.Brig. Gen. John MeArthur, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 18.Col. James M. Tuttle, Second Iowa Infantry, commanding Second Division and First Brigade. No. 19.Lient. Col. James C. Parrott, Seventh Iowa Infantry. No. 20.Col. Joseph J. Woods, Twelfth Iowa Infantry. No. 21.Colonel William T. Shaw Fourteefith Iowa Infantry. No. 22.Col. August Mersy, Ninth Illinois Infantry (of the Second Brigade). No. 23.Licut. Col. Augustus IL. Chetlain, Twelfth Illinois Infantry. No. 24.Capt. James R. Hugunin, Twelfth Illinois Infantry Page 94 94 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (Ca~. X~L No. 25.Col. Crafts J. Wright, Thirteenth Missouri Infantry. No. 26.Col. B. S. Compton, Fourteenth Missouri Infantry. No. 27.Col. Thomas Morton, Eighty-first Ohio Infantry. No. 25.Maj. Richard Rowett, Seventh Illinois Infantry (of the Third Brigade). No. 29.Capt. Robert W. Healy, Fifty-eighth Illinois Infantry. No. 30.Col. James L. Geddes, Eighth Iowa Infantry. No. 31.Capt. Henry Richardson, Battery D, First Missouri Light Artillery. No. 32.Capt. Frederick Welker, Battery H, First Missouri Light Artillery. No. 33.Lieut. James Powell, EighteenthU. S. Infantry, commanding detachment Second and Fourth U. S. Cavalry. No. 34.Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, with communications in reference thereto. No. 35.Col. George F. McGinnis, Eleventh Indiana Infantry (of the First Brigade). No. 36.Col. Alvin P. Hovey, Twenty-fourth Indiana Infantry. No. 37.CoL John M. Thayer, First Nebraska Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 38.Col. William L. Sanderson, Twenty-third Indiana Infantry. No. 39.Lient. Col. William D. McCord, First Nebraska Infantry. No. 40.Col. Valentine Bausenwein, Fifty-eighth Ohio Infantry. No. 41.Col. Charles Whittlesey, Twentieth Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Bri- gade. No. 42.Lieut. Col. Manning F. Force, Twentieth Ohio Infantry. No. 43.Brig. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Division. No. 44.Col. Isaac C. Pugh, Forty-first Illinois Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 45.Col. Amory K. Johnson, Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry. No. 46.Col. John Logan, Thirty-second Illinois Infantry. No. 47.Capt. Alfred C. Campbell, Thirty-second Illinois Infantry. No. 48.Maj. John Warner, Forty-first Illinois Infantry. No. 49.Capt. Matthew M. Trumbull, Third Iowa Infantry. No. 50.Col. James C. Veatch, Twenty-fifth Indiana Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 51.Col. Cyrus Hall, Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. No. 52.Lieut. Col. William Cam, Fourteenth Illinois, commanding Fifteenth 1111- nois Infantry. No. 53.Capt. Louis D. Kelley, Fifteenth Illinois Infantry. No. 54.Col. John A. Davis, Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry. No. 55.Maj. John W. Foster, Twenty-fifth Indiana Infantry. No. 56.Brig. Gen. Jacob G. Lauman, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 57.Col. Charles Cruft, Thirty-first Indiana Infantry. No. 55.Lient. Col. John Osborn, Thirty-first Indiana Infantry. No. 59.CoL Hugh B. Reed, Forty-fourth Indiana Infantry. No. 60.Col. John H. McHenry, jr., Seventeenth Kentucky Infantry. No. 61.Col. Benjamin H. Bristow, Twenty-fifth Kentucky Infantry. No. 62.Maj. William B. Wall, Twenty-fifth Kentucky Infantry. No. 63.Lieut. Cnthbert W. Laing, Second Michigan Battery. No. 64.Lient. Edward Brotzmann, Manns battery Missouri Light Artillery. No. 65.Brig. Gen. Wiliiam T. Sherman, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Division. No. 66.CoL John A. McDoweli, Sixth Iowa Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 67.Capt. John Williams, Sixth Iowa Infantry. No. 65.CoL David Stuart, Fifty-fifth Iliinois Infantry, conimanding Second Brigade. No. 69.Col. Rodney Mason, Seventy-first Ohio Infantry. No. 70.Col. Jesse Hildebrand, Seventy-seventh Ohio Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 71.Lient. Col. Robert A. Fulton, Fifty-third Ohio Infantry. No. 72.Col. Ralph P. Buckland, Seventy-second Ohio Infantry, commanding Fourth Brigade Page 95 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 95 No. 73.~-Lient. Cob Job R. Parker, Forty-eighth Ohio Infantry. No. 74.Col. Joseph R. Cockerill, Seventieth Ohio Infantry. No~ 75.Maj. Ezra Taylor, First Illinois Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery, Fiftk Division. No. 76.Capt. Sai~iuel E. Barrett, Battery B, First Illinois Light Artillery. No. 77.Lient. John A. Fitch, Battery E, First Illinois Light Artillery. No. 78.Brig. Gen. B. M. Prentiss, U. S. Army, commanding Sixth Division. No. 79.Col. Francis Quinn, Twelfth Michigan Infantry, commanding Sixth Division. No. 80.Col. David Moore, lwenty-flrst Missouri Infantry (of the First Brigade). No. 51.Lient. Col. Humphrey M. Woodyard, Twenty-first Missouri Infantry. No. 82.Lient. Col. Robert T. Van Horn, Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry. No. 53.Col. Benjamin Allen, Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry. No. 84.Col. Alexander Chambers, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry (of the Second Brigade). No. 85.Cob Hugh T. Reid, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry (not brigaded). No. 56.Lient. Col. Quin Morton, Twenty-Third Missouri Infantry. ARMY OF THE OHIO. No. 87.Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Ohio, with congratulatory orders. No. SS.Surg. Robert Murray, Medical Director, with retnrn of casualties. No. 89.Capt. J. H. Gilman, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, Inspector of Artillery. No. 90.Brig. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 91.Brig. Gen. Lovell H. Rousseau, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. No. 92.Col. Thomas T. Crittenden, Sixth Indiana Infantry. No. 93.Maj. John H. King, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding battalion of Fifteenth and Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 94.Capt. Peter T. Swaine, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 95.Capt. Edwin F. Townsend, Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 96.Maj. Stephen D. Carpenter, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 97.Col. William H. Gibson, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry, commanding Sixth Brigade. No. 95.Col. August Willich, Thirty-second Indiana IAfantry. No. 99.Col. Thomas J. Harrison, Thirty-ninth Indiana Infantry. No. 100.Maj. William Wallace, Fifteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 101.Lient. Col. Albert M. Blackman, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 102.Capt. William R. Terrill, Fifth U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artillery, Second Division. No. 103.Brig. Gen. William Nelson, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Division. No. 104.Col. Jacob Ainmen, Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry, commanding Tenth Bri- gade, with diary of his march from Nashville. No. 105.Col. William Grose, Thirty-sixth Indiana Infantry. No. 106.Lient. Col. Nicholas L. Anderson, Sixth Ohio Infantry. No. 107.Lient. Col. Frederick C. Jones, Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry. No. 105.Col. William B. Hazen, Forty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding Nineteenth Brigade. No. 109.Col. Gideon C. Moody, Ninth Indiana Infantry. No. 110.Col. Walter C. Whitaker, Sixth Kentucky Infantry. No. 111.Lient. Col. George S. Mygatt, Forty-first Ohio Infantry. No. 112.Col. Sanders D. Bruce, Twentieth Kentucky Infantry, commanding Twenty- second Brigade. No. 113.Col. David A. Enyart, First Kentucky Infantry. No. 114.Col. Thomas D. Sedgewick, Second Kentucky Infantry. No. 115.Lient. Col. Charles S. Hanson, Twentieth Kentucky Infantry. No. 116.Lient. Col. Edward M. McCook, Second Indiana Cavalry Page 96 96 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. No. 117.Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden, U. S. Army, commanding Fifth Division. No. 118.Brig. Gen. Jeremiah T. Boyle, U. S. Army, conimanding Eleventh Brigade. No. 119.Col. Benjamin C. Grider, Ninth Kentucky Infantry. No. 120.Col. Edward H. Hobson, Thirteenth Kentucky Infantry.0 No. 121.Col. Samuel Beatty, Nineteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 122.Col. James P. Fyffe, Fifty-ninth Ohio Infantry. No. 123.Col. William S. Smith, Thirteenth Ohio Infantry, commanding Fourteenth Brigade. No. 124.Col. Pierce B. Hawkins, Eleventh Kentucky Infantry. No. 125.Lieut. Col. Cicero Maxwell, Twenty-sixth Kentucky Infantry. No. 126.Lient. Col. Joseph G. Hawkins, Thirteenth Ohio Infantry. No. 127.Col. David E. Wood, Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry. No. 128.Capt. John Mendenhall, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artillery, Fifth Division. No. 129.Capt. Joseph Bartlett, Battery G, First Ohio Light Artillery. No. 130.Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood, U. S. Army, commanding Sixth Division. No. 131.Brig. Gen. James A. Garfield, U. S. Army, commanding Twentieth Brigade. No. 132.Col. George D. XVagner, Fifteenth Indiana Infantry, commanding Twenty- first Brigade. No. 133.Congratulatory orders from the Secretary of War. ARMY OF THE MISSISSIPPI (CONFEDERATE). No. 134.Organization of the Army of the Mississippi, April 6 and 7, 1862. No. 135.General G. T. Beauregard, C. S. Army, commanding Army of the Missis- sippi, with orders for battle, return of casualties, & c. No. 136.Field return of the Confederate forces that marched from Corinth to the Tennessee River April 3, 1862. No. 137.Field return of the Army of the Mississippi after the battle of Shiloh. No. 135.Col. Jacob Thompson, Aide-de-Camp to General Beauregard. No. 139.Col. William Preston, Aide-dc-Camp to General Johnston. No. 140.Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. Army, commanding First Army Corps. No. 141.Snrg. William D. Lyles, C. S. Army, Medical Director. No. 142.Capt. Smith P. Bankhead, C. S. Army, Chief of Artillery. No. 143.Brig. Gen. Charles Clark, C. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 144.Col. R. M. Russell, Twelfth Tennessee Infantry, commanding First Bri- gade. No. 145. Lient. Col. Robert H. Barrow, Eleventh Louisiana Infantry. No. 146.Lient. Col. T. H. Bell, Twelfth Tennessee Infantry. No. 147.Maj. R. P. CaIdwell, Twelfth Tennessee Infantry. No. 148.Col. A. J. Vaughan, jr., Thirteenth Tennessee Infantry. No. 149.Brig. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart, C. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 150.Col. J. C. Tappan, Thirteenth Arkansas Infantry. No. 151.Maj. James A. MeNeely, Thirteenth Arkansas Infantry. No. 152.Licut. Col. 0. F. Strahl, Fourth Tennessee Infantry. No. 153.Licut. Col. C. D. Venable, Fifth Tennessee Infantry. No. 154.Col. Alexander W. Campbell, Thirty-third Tennessee Infantry. No. 155.Capt. T. J. Stanford, Mississippi Battery. No. 156.Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham, C. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 157.Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson, C. S. Army, commanding First Brigade. No. 158.Col. Preston Smith, One hundred and fifty-fourth Tennessee Infantry. No. 159.Lient. Col. Marcus J. Wright, One hundred and fifty-fourth Tennessee In- fantry. No. 160.Col. William H. Stephens, Sixth Tennessee Infantry, commanding Second Brigade Page 97 CHAP. XXII] P1TTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 97 No. 161.Col. George Maney, First Tennessee Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 162.Licut. Col. W. D. Lannom, Seventh Kentucky Infantry. No. 163.Col. A. J. Lindsay, First Mississippi Cavalry. No. 164.Lieut. Col. John 11. Miller, First Mississippi Cavalry. No. 165.Lieut. Col. R. H. Brewer, battalion of Mississippi and Alabama cavalry. No. 166.General Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Second Aiiny Corps. No. 167.Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, C. S. Army, commanding First Division. No. 168.Col. Randall L. Gibson, Thirteenth Louisiana Infantry, commanding First Brigade, with application for Court of Inquiry. No. 169.Col. James F. Fagan, First Arkansas Infantry. No. 170.Col. H. XV. Allen, Fourth Louisiana Infantry. No. 171.Capt. E. M. Dubroca, Thirteenth Louisiana Infantry. No. 172.Col. B. L. lodge, Ninteentli Louisiana Infantry. No. 173.Brig. Gen. Patton Anderson, C. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 174.Capt. W. G. Poole, Florida Battalion (infantry). No. 175.Lient. Col. Charles Jones, Seventeenth Louisiana Infantry. No. 176.Col. August Reichard, Twentieth Louisiana Infantry. No. 177.Col. W. A. Stanley, Ninth Texas Infantry. No. 178.Maj. Franklin H. Clack, Confederate Guards Response Battalion. No. 179.Capt. W. Irving Hodgson, Fifth Company Washington (Louisiana) Artillery. No. 180.Col. Preston Pond, jr., Sixteenth Louisiana Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. No. 181.Maj. Daniel Gober, Sixteenth Louisiana Infantry. No. 182.Col. Alfred Mouton, Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry. No. 183.Col. Marshall J. Smith, Crescent (Louisiana) Infantry. No. 184.Col. R. F. Looney, Thirty-eighth Tennessee Infantry. No. 185.Capt. William H. Ketchum, Alabama Battery. No. 186.Maj. (?) T. F. Jenkins, First Alabama Cavalry Battalion. No. 187.Capt. J. J. Cox, Prattville Dragoons. No. 188.Capt. A. Tomlinson, Mathews Rangers. No. 189.Capt. J. Robins, cavalry. No. 190.Brig. Gen. Jones M. Withers, C. S. Army, commanding Second Division. No. 191.Col. DanielW. Adams, First Louisiana Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 192.Col. Z. C. Deas, Twenty-second Alabama Infantry, commanding First Bri- gade. No. 193.Col. J. Q. Loomis, Twenty-fifth Alabama Infantry, commanding First Bri- gade. No. 194.Lient. Col. S. XV. Cayce, Twenty-first Alabama Infantry. No. 195.Col. Z. C. Deas, Twenty-second Alabama Infantry. No. 196.Lieut. Col. J. C. Marrast, Twenty-second Alabama Infantry. No. 197.Col. J. Q. Loomis, Twenty-fifth Alabama Infantry. No. 198.Lient. Col. William D. Chadick, Twenty-sixth Alabama Infantry. No. 199.Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. No. 200.Brig. Gen. John K. Jackson, C. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 201.Col. John C. Moore, Second Texas Infantry, commanding temporary brigade. No. 202.Col. Eli S. Shorter, Eighteenth Alabama Infantry. No. 203.Col. Joseph Wheeler, Nineteenth Alabama Infantry. No. 204.Col. John C. Moore, Second Texas Infantry. No. 205.Capt. Isadore P. Girardey, Washington (Georgia) Light Artillery. No. 206.Lient. Gen. William J. Ilardee, C. S. Army, commanding Third A riny Corps. No. 207.Col. R. ~. Shaver, Seventh Arkansas Infantry, commanding First Brigade. No. 208.Maj. R. T. Harvey, Second Arkansas Infantry. No. 209.Maj. James T. Martin, Seventh Arkansas Infantry. No. 210.Brig. Gen. P. R. Cleburne, C. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade. 7 U UVOL Page 98 98 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ICHAP. XXII. No. 211.Col. William B. Bate, Second Tennessee Infantry. No. 212.Lient. Col. D. L. Goodall, Second Tennessee Infantry. No. 213.Col. Ben. J. Hill, Fifth Tennessee Infantry. No. 214.Lient. Col. Robert Cantrell, Twenty-third Tennessee Infantry. No. 215.Brig. Gen. S. A. M. Wood, C. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade. No. 216.Lient. Col. J. W. Harris, Sixteenth Alabama Infantry. No. 217.Col. W. K. Patterson, Eighth Arkansas Infantry. No. 218.Maj. John H. Kelly, Ninth Arkansas Infantry Battalion. No. 219.Maj. A. B. Hnrdcastle, Third Mississippi Infantry Battalion. No. 220.Captains of the Twenty-seventh Tennessee Infantry. No. 221.Col. Coleman A. McDaniel, Forty-fourth Tennessee Infantry. No. 222.Capt. XV. L. Harper, Jefferson (Mississippi) Artillery. No. 223.Lient. Put. Darden, Jefferson Artillery. No. 224.Capt. Isaac XV. Avery, Georgia Mountain Dragoons. No. 225.Brig. Gen. John C. Breckinridge, C. S. Army, commanding Reserve Corps. No. 226.Col. Robert P. Trabue, Fonrth Kentucky Infantry, commanding First (Ken. tucky) Brigade. No. 227.Col. John D. Martin, Second Confederate Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. No. 228.Col. Isaac L. Dunlop, Ninth Arkansas Infantry. No. 229.Col. John A. Wharton, Texas Rangers (unattached). No. 1. Reports of Maj. Gen. Henry W. ilalleck, U. S. Army, commanding the Department of the Mississippi. SAINT Louis, Mo., April 8, 1862. The enemy attacked our works at Pittsburg, Tenn., yesterday, but were repulsed with heavy loss. No details given. H. W. HALLECK, lou. B. M. STANTON. llfajor-General HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE Mississippi, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 13, 1862. SiR: it is the unanimous opinion here that Brig. Gen. W. T. Sher- man saved the fortune of the day on the 6th instant, and contributed largely to the glorious victory on the 7th. He was in the thickest of the fight on both days, having three horses killed under him and being wounded twice. I respectfully request that lie be made a major-general of volunteers, to date from the 6th instant. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. HALLECK, kfajor- General, Gommanding. Hon. B. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, April 23, 1862. The President desires to know why you have made no official report to this Department respecting the late battle at Pittsburg Landing Page 99 Cii Ar. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. and whether any neglect or misconduct of General Grant or any other officer contributed to the sad casualties that befell our forces on Sunday. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. Major-General HALLEcK, Pittsburg Landing. PITTSBURG LANDING, April 24, 1862. The sad casualties of Sunday, the 6th, were due in part to the bad conduct of officers who were utterly unfit for their places, and in part to the numbers and bravery of the enemy. I prefer to express no opinion, in regard to the misconduct of individuals till I receive the reports of commanders of divisions. A great battle cannot be fought or a victory gained without many casualties. In this instance the enemy suffered more than we did. H. W. HALLECK, Major- General. Hon. E. M. STANTON. PITTSBURG LANDING, May 2, 1862. * * * * * * * Reports of the battle of the 6th and 7th are received, and copies for- warded as rapidly as possible. The newspaper ac~ ~onnts that our divis- ions were surprised are utterly false. Every division had notice of the enemys approach hours before the battle commenced. H. W. HALLECK, Major- General. Hon. E. M. STANTON. CORINTH, Miss., June 15, 1862. SIR: I transmit herewith a topographical map* of the plain of Shilob, showing the various positions occupied by our troops between Shiloli Church and Pittsburg Landing in the battle of April 6 and 7 last. This map has been made from careful surveys, and the positions of the various divisions are designated in the precise places which they occu- pied on the ground at the times indicated. It will enable the reader to understand the official reports of the battle which have already been forwarded to the War Department. It is not my object in this communication to offer any comments on the battle, beyond the remark that the impression which at one time seemed to have been received by the Department that our forces were surprised in the morning of the 6th is entirely erroneous. I am satis- fied from a patient and careful inquiry and investigation that all our troops were notified of the enemys approach some time before the bat- tle commenced. Again, our loss was overstated in the official reports, very many of those reported missing having subsequently reported for duty. The number taken prisoners by the enemy was also greatly exaggerated. There seems to have been a morbid desire on the part of some of our * To appear in Atlas Page 100 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL officers to make the loss of their particular commands much greater than it really was. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. HALLECK, Major- General, Commanding. Hon. E. M. STANTON, & cretary of IVar, Washington, D. C. No. 2. Orgaitization of the Union forces and return of casualties at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, Teun., April 67, 1862. [Compiled from nominal lists, returns, & c.1 ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.Maj. Gen. U. S. GRANT. Killed. Wounded. Captured or miss- ing. Command. 0 0 2 +~ n 0 ~ H Il 0 0 -4 Cu 0 H 53 0 0 n ci 0 H FIRST DIVISION. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. McCLERNAND. Staff 2 2 Fi~sv BRIGADE. (I.) Col. A. M. HARK (Wd). (2.) CoL M. M. CRocKEa. X 8th Illinois 18th Illinois 11th Iowa 13th Iowa 2d nlinois Light Artillery, Bat- tery D. Total First Brigade 1 29 30 1 90 91 3 3 124 1 16 17 7 61 68 2 2 87 1 32 33 5 155 160 1 1 194 1 19 20 4 135 139 3 3 162 4 4 9 9 13 4 100 104 17 410 467 9 9 580 SECOND BRIGAD~. Col. C. C. MARSH. 11th Illinois 20th lljinois 45th illinois... 48th lllinois 1 1 1 1 Total Second Brigade 4 16 21 22 17 17 22 23 18 76 80 4 5 17 4 30 65 102 170 108 69 107 187 112 1 17 7 3 2 17 7 :1 3 103 136 213 133 445 475 1 29 30 583 THIRD BRIGADE. (1.) Col JuLIus RAITH (M. wd). (2.) Lient. Col. E. I. WOOD. 17th Illinois . 29th Illinois. 43(1 Illinois. 49th Illinois 4 armichaels Illinois cavalry Total Third Brigade 3 2 10 15 9 45 17 86 15 5 113 118 5 5 138 12 2 71 73 I 4 4 89 50 7 ill 118 29 29 197 19 4 79 83 8 8 10 1 1 ~.. I 10 Page 101 101 CH~. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. Organization of the Union forces and return of ca8ualtie8 at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, Tenn., April 67, P362Continued. Captured or miss- ing. I 0 2 a 0 H NOT BRIGADED. Stewarts Illinois cavalry 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Bat- tery D. 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Bat- tery E. 14th Ohio Battery Total First Division SECOND DIVISION. (1.) Brig. 0 en. W. H. L. WALLACE (M. wd). (2.) Col. JAMES M. TUTTLE. Stall FIlIST BRIGADE. Col. JAMES M. TUTTLE. 2d Iowa 7th Iowa 12th Iowa* 14th I.iwa* - Total First Brigade SECOND BRIGADE. (1.) Brig. Gen. JOHN MCARTHUR (Wd). (2.) Col. THOMAS MORTON. Staff ~ 9th Illinois 12th illinois - -. 81st Ohio llthMissonrs Birges Sharpshooters ~14th Missouri) Total Second Brigade Tuino BRIGADE. (1.) Col. T. W. SWEENT (Wd). (2.) CoL S. D. BALDWIN. - 8th Iowa* 7th Illinois 50th lll~,ois 52d Illioois i?lli lilinois 58th lliiuois~ 1 4 4 I 1 1 3 4 25 2 3 4. 26 2 3 5 30 18 267 283 69 1,303 1,372 1 84 85 1,74-2 = 1 1. 1 = 8 8 6 54 60 4 4 72 1 9 10 17 17 7 7 ~ 2 10 12 1 37 38 20 400 429 479 9 9. 28 28 15 221 236 273 3 36 39 7 136 143 35 Gli 616 858 1 1 1 1 60 61 19 281 300 1 5 366 2 20 22 5 71 76 3 3 101 2 2 4 17 17 2 2 23 10 10 3 67 70. 1 1 81 2 2 6 6 . 8 5 94 99 28 442 470 1 10 ii 580 1 29 10 4 68 72 18 361 379 481 2 15 17 2 79 81 1 V 99 12 12 2 66 68 4 4 84 1 22 23 3 120 123 9 9 155 1 24 25 7 103 110 3 3 138 20 20 8 39 47 223 290 Total Third Brigade4 5~ 122 127 26 475 501 18 378 619 NOT BmGA1JED. 2d U. 8. Cavalry, Company C ompanses 4th U. S. Cavally, Company I S 2d lliiIsois Cavalry, C A and 11.8 * A number of the captured or missing were also wounded. j- ~o loss reported. Killed. Command. Wounded. 5 0 5 0 0 H 0 a 0 H I so 1, 247 Page 102 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ~CHAP. XXIL Organization of the Union forces and return of casualtie8 at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, Tenn., April 67, 1862Continued. Wounded. Captured or miss- Killed. ing. Command. a a a 8 8 d a a a b5 ~ -~ . ~ a a ~ ~-i a a a .. R 0 8 ~ o b~ 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~1 H ~ 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery A 1St Mi8souri Light Artillery, Bat- tery D. 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Bat- tery H. 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Bat- tery K. Total Second Division* - THIRD DIVISION. Msj. Gen. LEWIS WALLACE. FIRST BRIGADE. Col. MORGAN L. SMITH. 8th Missouri 11th Indiana 24th Indiana Total First Brigade SECOND BRIGADE. Col. JOHN 11. THATER. 1st Nebraska ~ 23d Indiana 5Sth Ohio 68th Ohiot Total Second Brigade THIRD BRIGADE. CoL CHARLES WHrnLESEY. 20th Ohio 56th Ohiot 76th Ohio 78th Ohio Total Third Brigade NOT BRIGADED. 4 4 1 2 25 4 17 4 26 6 17 4 30 6 17 4 13 257 270 65 1, 108 1, ill 54 1, 029 1, 106 2, 749 1 1 18 18 19 11 11 1 50 51 62 3 3 6 1 44 45 51 3 15 18 2 112 114 132 - 4 4 5 17 22... 2 2 28 7 7 1 34 35 1 1 43 9 9 2 40 42. 51 20 20 8 91 99 3 3 122 1 1 1 18 19...-. 20 4 4 1 1 5 10 i 1 9 ~ 2 2 1 31 32 1 1 .35 .....~ 1 1 1 1 5 5~ 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Bat- tery L 9th Indiana Battery - 6 5th Ohio Cavalry, Third Battalion - - 11th IllinoisCavalry, Third Battaliont ___________________________________________ Total Third Division 3 I I 240 21 4 296 8141111 4j *A number of the captured or missing were also wounded. tNot engaged. No loss reported. 10 Page 103 CoAl. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 103 Organization of the Union forces and return of casualties at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, Teen., April 67, 18(52Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured Or 1flj55- ing. Command. a a a 8 8 8 ~ -~ Si Si a IS . Ii . Q ~ .5 8 ~ .5 8 ~ 8 ~ 8 t IS 0 ~ H 0 ~ H 0 ~ H s4 FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. S. A. IIURLBUT. FiRsT BRIGADE. (1.) Col. N. G. WILLIAMS. (2.) Col. ISAAC C. PUGH. 3d Iowa 28th Illinois 32d Illinois 41st Illinois Total First Brigade SECOND BRIGADE. Col. ~AME5 C. VEATCH. 25th Indiana 14th Illinois 15th Illinois 46th Illinois Total Second Brigade ToteD BRIGADE. Brig. Gen. J. G. LAUMAN. 31st Indiana . 44th Indiana 17th Kentucky 25th Kentucky. Total Third Brigade. NOT BRIGADED. 5th Ohio Cavalry, First and Second Battalions. 13th Ohio Battery Missoui I Light Artillery, Manns battery. 2d Michigan Battery Total Fourth Division 2 3 2 23 27 36 19 23 29 39 21 6 8 6 2 328 203 lt8 71 134 211 114 73 3 27 4 5 3 30 S 5 3 187 245 158 97 7 105 112 22 510 532 4 39 43 687 2 19 21 4 lii 115 3 3 139 35 35 9 117 126 4 4 16~ 5 44 49 8 109 117 . 166 25 23 10 124 134 1 1 360 7 123 130 31 461 492 8 8 630 2 19 21 4 110 114 3 3 138 1 23 24 6 168 174 198 1 17 18 2 67 69 1 1 88 7 7 3 24 27 34 4 66 70 15 369 384 4 4 458 1 1..... 6 6 7 1, 1 8 8 9 3 :i 2 12 14 17 . . 5 3 53 56 61 18 299 317 70 1,371 1,441 7 104 111 1,869 . 1 1. 1 FIFTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. W. T. SILETIMAN (Wd). Staft~ . . ____ ___ ThusT BRIGADE. Col. T. A. MCDOWELL 6th Iowa 3 49 52 4 90 04 1 36 37 46th Ohio 2 13 37 4 181 185 24 24 40th Illinois 1 40 47 11 149 160 9 9 6th indiana Battery ..... .... ~ ~ :zz Total First Brigade I 130 137 19 425 444 1 69 70 183 246 216 6 65 Page 104 104 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII Organization of the Union forces and return of casualties at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, lean., April 6-7, 1862Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captui~ed or miss- ing. Command. d a ~ ~ .,~ . ~i a o 5 ii .5 n ~ a o o ~ H C F~1 H C ~ H SECOND BRIGADE. (1.) Col. DAVID STUART (Wd). (2.) Col. T. K. SMITH. 55th Illinois 51 51 7 190 197 27 27 275 54th Ohio 2 13 15 2 137 139 12 12 160 listOhin 1 13 14 . 44 44 1 50 51 109 Total Second Brigade 3 77 80 9 371 380 1 89 90 550 THIRD BRIGADE. Col J. HILDEBRAND. 53dOhio 9 9 1 32 33 2 2 44 S7thOhio 2 8 10 4 68 72 12 12 94 27th Ohio 1 50 51 7 109 116 3 48 51 218 Total Third Brigade 3 67 70 12 209 221 3 62 65 356 FoURTII BRIGADE. CoL R. P. BUCKLAND. 48th Ohio 70th Ohio 72d Ohio Total Fourth Brigade NOT BRIGADED. 4th flhlnois Cavalry, First and Second Battalions. 1st Illinois Li~ht Artillery, Bat- tery B. 1st Illinois Li~ht Artillery, Bat- tery E. Total Fifth Division 10 I 309 325 52 I 1, 225~ 1, 277~ 7 292 299 1, 901 SlXTII DIVISION. Brig. Gen. B. M. PRENTIss (Cd). Staff FIRST BRIGADE. Col. EVERETT PEABODY (Kd). 2lstMissouri 1 1 17 18! 4 42 46 3 61 64 128 25th Missouri 4 24 28 9 75 84 1 30 37 149 lOtIs Wisconsin 1 39 40 6 182 188 26 26 254 l2th Michigan 271 27 5 49 54 4 105 1091 190 Total First Brigade 6 10 348 372 8 228 2361 721 7 l13~ 24~ ___ ________ SECOND BRIGADE. Col. MADISON MILLER (Cd). lsth Missouri 2 13 15 6 76 82 14 133 147 244 - 61st. Illinois 12 12 3 42 45 - - - - 18 18 75 iGililowa 2115117! 11 90 101 13 13 111 Total Second Brigade .~ 4 40 44 20 208 2281 14 164 178 1 450 1 11 12 3 70 73 2 16 18 103 9 9 2 55 57 11 11 77 13 15 3 70 73 45 45 113 3 33 36 8 195 203 2 72 74 313 6 6 6 1 1 5 5 6 1 1 3 14 17 ... 1 Page 105 ChAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SH1LOH, TENN. 105 Organization of the Union forces and return of casualties at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, Xenn., April 67, 1862Continued. Command. NOT BRIGADED. 11th Illinois Cavalry, (8 companies) -. 5th Ohio Battery 1st Minnesota Battery lSth Wisconsin 23d Missourik 15th iowa Total Sixth Division * UNASSIGNED Tnoops. 15th Michigan 14th Wisconsin 8th Ohio Battery .. . -. - 1st illiuiols Light Artillery, Bat: ry H. 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Bat- tery 1. 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Bat- tery B. 2(1 Ilinois Light Artillery, Bat- tery F. Total unassigned at a at 6 20 11 250 496 185 17 219 236 64 864 928 46 788 1,008 2, 172 2 37 39 5 154 159 . . - -~ 17 17 102 93 3 6 2 9 215 RECAPITULATION. 1, 303 1, 372 First Division 18 267 2851 69 1 84 85 1742 Second Division ~ 13 257 270 65 1, 108 1, 173 54 1, 029~ 1, 306 2; 749 Thini Division 3 38 41 11 240 25i 4~ 4 296 Fourth I)ivision 18 299 317 70 1,371 1,441 7 104 111 1 869 Fifth Division 16 309 325 52 1, 2-25 1, 2771 7 2921 t.99 1, 901 Sixth Division* 17 219 236 64 864 928j 46 788 1,008 2,172 Unassigned 2 37 39 5 154 159 ...... 17 17 215 87 1 4~6 1 513 336 6, 265 6, 001 115 2, 3182830 10 944 Total Army of the Tennessee~. - . . I, ARMY OF THE OHIO.Maj. Gen. D. C. BUELL. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. A. McD. MOCOOK. Fouwru BIIIGADE. Brig. Gen. L. H. ROUSSEAU. 15th U. S. Infantry, First Battalion 4 1Gth U. S. illtautry, First Battalion. - 2 4 19th U. S. Infantry, First liattalion .J... .- 1st Ohio 2 0111 Illdian 4 5th Kentucky ..... 7 Total Fourth Brigade j 2 26 4 4 5559 63 6 1 49 50 56 5 2 10 39t 37 2 2 45 471 1 1 50 4 16 161 2 21 42 7 ......~ 56 56 K:::: 163 28f ~l 2711 2801 j 311 A nunher of the captured or missing were also wounded. I No loss reported. Killed. Wounded. Captured ormiss- tug. a 2 a ~ - - ~ a n a -~ o cI C ul ~ -~ 0 o H 0 H 0 r~ H 3 3 3 3. 1 1 1 18 19 3 3 2 6 8 3 20 23 4 79 83. 174 1 26 27 6 53 59 20 390 410 2 19 21 7 149 156 2 6 8 1 22 23 2 72 74 5 5 1 15 16 2 ~2 74 3 3 3 3 6 0 2 2 1 5 6 3 Page 106 108 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. Organization of the Union forces and return of casualties at the battle of Pittsburg Lasiding, or $hiloh, Tenn., April 67, 1862Continued. Killed. Command. 8 ~ a o r~i Wounded. a a u H 0 a 8 a a a a ~ H Fwm BRIGADE. Col. E. N. KIRK, (Wd). 77th Pennsylvania 29th Indiana 30th Indiana.. - -.. 34th Illinois Total Fifth Brigade SIXTH BRIGADE. Col. W. H. GulsoN. 15th Ohio 49th Ohio 3-2d Indiana 39th Indiana Total Sixth Brigade 5th U. S. Artillerk Battery H Total Seeon~ihvisson FOURTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM NELSON. TENTH BRIGADE. Col. JACOB AMMEN. 6th Ohio 24th Ohio :16th Indiana Total Tenth Brigade NINETEENTh BRIGADE. Col. WILLIAM B. HAZEN. 6th Kentucky 9th Indiana 41st Ohio Total Nineteenth Brigade TWENTY-SECOND BRIGADE. Col. S. D. BRUCE. 1st Kentucky 2d Kentucky 20th Kentucky Total Twenty-second Brigado. 2d Indiana Cavalry* 3 4 12 14 3 4 12 15 6 7 7 72 109 105 7 76 115 112 Captured or miss- ing. 0 a 0 H 10 80 2 2 129 127 1 33 34 17 293 310 2 2 346 7 7 1 65 66 2 2 75 6 6.... 14 34 40 2 8 10 4 82 86 ... 96 1 1 2 1 13 14 36 3 22 25 6 214 220 2 2 247 1 1.... 13 13 14 6 82 88 32 791 823 7 7 918 2 2 5 5.. 2 2 9 5 5 5 60 65.. 6 6 76 i 8 9 1 35 36.. 45 1 15 16 6 100 106 - - 8 8 130 -. 10 10 7 86 93 -. 10.1 1 16 17 7 146 153.. - 170 1 20 21 6 105 ill.. 1~ 1 113 2 40 48 20 337 357 . 1 1 400 ii ii :1 53 50 -. 4 4 71 13 151 4 55 59.. 1 1 75 3 3~ 3 20 21.. 6 6 32 I __ 29~ 10 128 130 -- 11 lfl 178 2.. _________ Total Fourth Division Si 88~ 93~ 361 567 6031 1 20 201 716 * Not engaged, except men detailed as orderlies, & c Page 107 CuM. XXIL.I PITTSI3URG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 107 Organization of the Union forcc8 and return of casealt~e8 at the battle of Pittsbnrg Landing, or Shiloh, Term., April 67, 1862Continued. Killed. Wounded. Captured or miss- ing. Command. Q a a 0 0 a a ~ a 4~ .-I ~. ~ a o a ~ a ,~ o ~ Ct Q u .~ ~ a a a a o ~1 H o r~i H 0 tC~ H FIFTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. T. L. CRITTENDEN. ELEVENTH BRIGADE. Brig. Gen. J. T. BoYLE. 19th Ohio 59th Ohio . 9th Kentucky 13th Kentucky 1 1 1 Total Eleventh Brigade 3 FOURTEENTH BRIGADE. Col. W. S. SMITE. 13th Ohio 11th Kentucky 26th Kentucky Total Fourteenth Brigade NOT BRIGADED. 3d Kentucky Cavalry* 1st Ohio Light Artillery, Battery G... 4th U. S. Artillery, Batterles H and NI Total Fifth Division SiXTH DIVISION. Brig. Gen. T. J. WooD. TWENTIETH BRIGADE. Brig. Gen. J. A. GARFIELD. 64th Ohio t 65th Ohiot 13th Michigan t 51st Indiana 3 6 14 7 30 4 6 15 8 33 1 9 2 1-2 43 51 67 39 200 44 51 76 41 212 7 1 10 18 7 10 18 55 57 92 59 263 11 11 4 44 48 7 7 66 1 4 5 2 46 48 2 2 55 2 7 9 6 55 61 i 1 71 3 22 23 12 145 157 .... 10 10 192 2 2 2 6 6 54 Total Twentieth Brigade TWENTY.FIRST BRIGADE. Col. G. D. WAGNER. 15th Indianat 40th Indianat 57th Indiana . 24th Kentuckyt. Total Twenty-first Brigade Total Sixth Division ... 60 2 6 24 353 377 -1 28 2 8 28 465 4 4 I 4 4 4 4 4 4 * Not engaged, except men detailed as orderlies, & c. No loss reported. I No loss reported. Not engaged Page 108 108 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. Organization of the Union forces and return of ca8nalties at the battle of Pitt~burg Landing. or Shiloh, Teun., April 67, 1862Continued. RECAVITULATION. Killed. Wounded. Captured or miss- ing. Command. a a a S S S 0 0 ~ a ~ a a ~ -~ . . . a a . ~ n a o Q .~ 5 ~ .,~ 5 ~ o ~1 H 0 F~1 H 0 ~ H 41 Second Division. 6 82 88 32 791 823 ... . 7 7 918 Fourth Division 5 88 93 36 567 603 20 20 716 Fifth l)ivision. 6 54 60 24 353 377 28 28 465 SixthDivision - V - 4 - I. Total Army of the Ohio 17 224 241 92 1, 715 1, 807 55 55 2,103 1=~~, Gi.~nd total Armies of the Ten- 104 1, 630 1 754 428 7 980 8 408 115 2373 2885 13 047 nessee and Ohio.* , , I * A number of the captured or missing were also wounded. No. 3. Reports of Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Tennessee, with abstracts from the field returns of the several divisions, April 45 and April 1015, 1862. PJTTSBURG, April 7, 1862. Yesterday the rebels attacked us here with an overwhelming force, driving our troops in from their advanced position to near the Landing. General Wallace was immediately ordered up from Crumps Landing, and in the evening one division of General Buells army and General Buell in person arrived. During the night one other divisioll arrived, and still another to-day. This morning, at the break of the day, I ordered an attack, which resulted in a fight which continued until lhte this afternoon with severe loss on both sides, but a complete repulse of the enemy. I shall follow to-morrow far enough to see that no immediate renewal of an attack is contemplated. U. S. GRANT, ill c~jor- General. Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, Saint Louis, Mio. PJTTSBIJRG, TENN. (via SAVANNAH), April 8, 1862. Enemy badly ronted and fleeing towards Corinth. Our cavalry, supported by infantry, arc now pursuing him, with instructions to pursue to the swalnl)y grounds near Pea Ridge. I want transports sent here for our wounded. U. S. GRANT. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, Pittsburg, April 9, 1862. CAPTAIN: It becomes my duty again to report another battle fought between two great armies, one coiitendmg for the niaintenance of th Page 109 OnAr. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SIIILOH, TENN. 109 best government ever devised, the other for its destruction, it is pleasant to record the success of the army contending for the former I)rinciPle. On Sunday morning our pickets were attacked and driven in by the enemy. immediately the five divisions stationed at this place were drawn up in line of battle, ready to meet them. The battle soon waxed warm on the left and center, varying at times to all parts of the line. The most continuous firing of musketry and artillery ever beard on this continent was kept up until night-fall, the enemy having forced the entire line to fall back nearly half way from their camps to the Landing. At a late hour in the afternoon a desperate effort was made by the enemy to turn our left and get possession of the Landing, transports, & c. This point was guarded by the gunboats Tyler and Lexington, Captains Gwin and Shirk, U. S. Navy, commanding, four 20-pounder Parrott guns and a battery of rifled guns. As there is a (leep and impassable ravine for artillery or cavalry, and very difficult for infantry, at this point, no troops were stationed here, except the ne~es- sary artillerists and a small infantry force for their support. Just at this moment the advance of Major-General Buells column (a part of the division under General Nelson) arrived, the two generals named both being present. An advance was immediately made upon the point of attack and the enemy soon driven back. in this repulse much is due to the presence of the gunboats Tyler and Lexington, and their able commanders, Captains Gwin and Shirk. During the night the divisions under Generals Crittenden and Mc- Cook arrived. General Lewis Wallace, at Crumps Landing, 6 miles below, was ordered at an early hour in the morning to hold his division in readiness to be moved in any direction to which it might be ordered. At about 11 oclock the order was delivered to move it up to Pittsburg, but owing to its being led by a circuitous route did not arrive in time to take part in Sundays action. During the night all was quiet, and feeling that a great moral ad- vantage would be gained by becoming the attacking party, an advance was ordered as soon as day dawned. The result was a gradual repulse of the enemy at all parts of the line from morning until probably 5 oclock in the afternoon, when it became evident the enemy was re- treating. Before the close of the action the advance of General T. J. Woods division arrived in time to take part in the action. My force was too much fatigued from two days hard fighting and exposure in the open air to a drenching rain during the intervening night to pursue immediately. Night closed in cloudy and with heavy rain, making the roads impracticable for artillery by the next morning. General Sherman, however, frillowed the enemy, finding that the main part of the army had retreated in good order. Hospitals of the enemys wounded were found all along the road as far as pursuit was made. Dead bodies of the enemy and many graves were also found. I inclose herewith report of General Sherman, which will explain more fully the result of this pursuit. Of the part taken by each separate command I cannot take sI)ecial notice in this report, but will do so more fully when reports of division comman(lers are handed in. General Buell, coining on the field with a distinct army long under his command, and which did such efficient service, commanded by him Page 110 110 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. self in person on the field, will be much better able to notice those of his coinruand who particularly distinguished themselves than I possi- bly can. I ibel it a duty, however, to a gallant and able officer, Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman, to make a special mention. He not only was with his command during the entire two days action, but displayed great judg- ment and skill in the management of his men. Althongh severely wounded in the hand the first (lay his place was never vacant. He was again wounded, and had three horses killed under him. In making this mention of a gallant officer no disparagement is in- tended to the other division commanders, M aj. Gens. John A. McCIer- nand and Lewis Wallace, and Brig. Gens. S. A. llurlbnt, B. M. Prentiss, and W. II. L. Wallace, all of whom mnaintaiiied their places with credit to themselves and the canse. General Prentiss was taken prisoner iii the first days action, and General NY. H. L. Wallace severely, probably mortally, wounded. His assistant adjutant-general, Capt. William McMichael, is missing; prob- abky takemi prisoner. My personal staff are all deserving of l)articular mention, they having been engaged during the entire two days in conveying orders to every l)art of the field. It consists of Col. J. 1). Webster, chief of staff; Lient. Col. J. B. McPherson, chief engineer, assisted by Lients. W. L. B. Jemmney and William Kossak; Capt. J. A. IRawlins, assistant adju- tant-gemmeral; Capts. W. S. Hilly er, W. B. Rowley, and C. B. Lagow, aides-dc-camp; Col U. U. Pride, volunteer aide, and Capt. J. P. Haw- kins, chief coummissary, who accompanied me upon the field. T lie mnedical department, under the direction of Surgeon Hewitt, muedical director, showed great energy in providing for the wounded and in getting them from the field regardless of danger. Colonel Webster was placed in special charge of all the artillery and was comistantly upon the field. He displayed, as always hereto- tore, both skill and bravery. At least in one instance he was the mneaims of placing an entire regiment in a position of doing most valuable serv- ice, and where it would not have beemi but for his exertions. Lieutenant-Colonel McPherson, attached to my staff as chief engi- mincer, deserves mnore than a passing notice for his activity and courage. All tbe gronuds beyond our camps for miles have beemi reconnoitered by him, amid plats carefully prepared under his supervision give accu- rate infommation of the nature of approaches to our lines. During the two days battle he was constantly in the saddle, leading troops as they arrive(1 to points where their services were required. During the en- gagemnent lie had one horse shot umider him. The coumitry will have to mnourmm tlme loss of mammy brave men who fell at the battle of Pittsburg, or Shiloh, more properly. The exact loss in killed and woumided will be known in a day or two. At present I cami omily give it approximately at 1,500 killed and 3,500 wouuded.* The loss of artillery was great, many pieces being disabled by the eliemnys shots and somne losing all their horses and many men. There were probably not less thiamin 200 horses killed. The loss of the enemy in killed and left upon the field was greater thami ours. In wounded the estimate cannot be mnade, as many of them must have been semit back to Corinth and other points. The enemy suffered terribly fromn demoralization and desertion. But sec revised statement, p. 100 Page 111 CHAP. XXII.J PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, Tui~NN. 111 A flag of truce was sent in to-day from General Beauregard. 1 inclose herewith a copy of the correspondence. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major- General, Commanding. Capt. N. H. MCLEAN, A. A. U., Dept. of the Miss., Saint Louis, Mo. [Thclosures. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE Mississippi, Monterey, April 8, 1862. SIR: At the close of the conflict of yesterday, my forces being ex- hausted by the extraordinary length of time during which they were en- gaged with yours on that and the preceding day, and it being appamnt that you had received and were still receiving re-enforcements, I felt it my duty to w4hdraw my troops from the immediate scene of conflict. Under these circumstances, in accordance with usages of war, I shall transmit this under a flag of truce, to ask permission to send a mounted party to the battle-field of Shiloh for the purpose of. giving decent interment to my dead. Certain gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of this opportunity to remove the remains of their sons and friends, I mnst request for them the privilege of accompanying the burial party, and in this connection I deem it proper to say I am asking only what I have extended to your own countrymen nuder similar circumstances. Respectfully, general, your obedient servant, G. T. BEAUREGARD, General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. U. S. GRANT, U. S. A., Commanding U. S. Forces near Pittsburg, Tenn. HEADQUARTERS ARMY IN THE FIELD, Pittsburg, April 9, 1862. Your dispatch of yesterday is just received. Owing to the warmth of the weather I deemed it advisable to have all the dead of both parties buried immediately. Heavy details were made for this purpose, and now it is accomplished. There cannot, therefore, be any necessity of admitting within our lines the parties you desire to send on the gronnds asked. I shall always be glad to extend any courtesy consistent with duty, and especially so when dictated by humanity. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major- General, Commanding. General G. T. BEAUREGARD, Comdg. Confederate Army of the Mississippi, Monterey, Tenn. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. DISTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, No. 34. Pittsburg, April 8, 1862. The general commanding congratulates the troops who so gallantly maintained, repulsed, and routed a nunierically superior force of the enemy, composed of the flower of the Southern Army, commanded by their ablest generals, and fought by them with all the desperation of despair. In miumbers engaged, no such contest ever took place on this conti Page 112 112 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII nent; in importance of results, but few such have taken place in the history of the world. Whilst congratulating the brave and gallant soldiers, it becomes the duty of the general commanding to make special notice of the brave wounded and those killed upon the field. Whilst they leave friends and relatives to mourn their loss, they have won a nations gratitude and undying laurels, not to be forgotten by future generations, who will enjoy the blessings of the best government the sun ever shone upon, preserved by their valor. By order of Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant: JNO. A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General. [4~ddenda.] Abstracts from the field returns of the several dicisions of the Army of the Tennessee, Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant commanding. APRIL 4-5, 1862. Command. First Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade. 3d Brigade Unattached Total First Division Second Division: 1st Brigade . 2d Brigade... - - 3d Brigade. Unattached Total Second Division Thud Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade . . - - -. 3d Brigade Unattached Total Third Division Fourth Division: 1st Brigade. 2d Brigade 3d Brigade Unattached . . Total Fourtli Division Fifth Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade 3d Brigade 4th Brigade Total Fifth Division. Sixth Division: 1st Brigade 2d Briade Unattached Total Sixth Division Present for duty. 125 77 110 9 321 108 123 180 8 419 65 103 111 35 314 a 81 a it 2, 531 1, 769 2, 118 289 6,707 1, 996 2, 603 3, 517 173 8, 289 1, 933 2, 133 0 430 754 7,250 2, 656 1, 346 2, 228 298 7, 028 2, 104 2, 726 3, 697 181 8, 708 1, 998 2, 236 2, 541 7e9 7, 564 6 6 12 24 12 12 99 2,416 2,515 6 113 2,698 2,811 4 87 1, 139 1. 826 7 141 150 306 6, 9r6 7, 302 10 79 2,050 2,129 6 90 1. 936 2, 026 4 110 2,331 2,441 103 2,1:31 2,234 6 382 8,448 8,830 16 119 2,671 2,750 . 85 1,689 1,274 41 858 899 245 5,218 5,463 Grand total . 1, 987 42, 908 44, 895 62 Notes by the compiler. From statement of ef- fective force, April 5. Pieces of artillery not re- ported on original. Return dated April 5. Return dated April 4; the division not in the bat- tle of April 6. Return dated Apri 5 Return dated April 5 Return dated April 5; strength of two regiments ao(l one battery mt i.e. ported on the original. Division staff not in- eluded in this abstract Page 113 u.u. Xlii] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENIf. 113 APRIL 1015, 1862. Commaad. First Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade 3d Brigade Artillery Cavalry Present for duty. a 0 0 81 55 75 14 12 Total First Division 237 Loud Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade 3d Brigade Artillery Cavalry Total Second Division Third Division: Infantry Artillery Cavalry Total Third Division Fourth Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade .. -. 3d Brigade Artillery Cavalry Fifth Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade 3d Brigade 4th Brigade. Artillery Cavairy Total Fifth Division Sixth Division: 1st Brigade 2d Brigade Unattached Total Sixth Division 42 81 100 18 4 245 226 ii 14 251 61 71 65 4 36 Total Fourth Division. . 237 67 74 66 82 12 27 1, 763 1, 260 1, 575 230 246 be a bD 1, 844 1,315 1, 650 244 258 5,074 ~i 311 860 1, 979 2,031 301 186 5, 357 4, 791 289 263 5, 343 1,715 1, 929 1, 226 327 655 902 2, 060 2,131 319 190 5, 602 5,017 300 277 5, 594 1,776 2, 000 1, 291 131 691 5, 652 5, 889 1, 337 1, 328 1,669 1, 823 303 449 1,404 1,402 1,715 1, 905 315 476 328 6, 009 7, 237 57 1,666 1,723 52 1,028 1,080 77 1,693 1,770 186 4,387 4,573 Grand total 1,484 32,722 34, 206 Notes by the complier. From statement April 15 of effective force. Return of April 13. Return of AprIl 10: BrIgade or- ganization not indicated; casualties noted are 39 killed, 253 wounded, and 1 missing. Return ofApril 10: The casualties noted are 296killed, 1,436 wounded, and 144 missing. Return of April 10: The casualties noted are 314 killed, 1,242 wounded, and 475 missing. Return of April 13: the casualties noted are 35 killed, 53 wounded, and 52 missing. No. 4. .Report8 of Maj. Gen. Joki& A. MeCternand, U. S~ Army, commanding .First Divi8ion. HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, Camp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 14, 1862. We have just passed through a terrible battle, lasting two days. My division, as usual, has borne or shared in bearing the brunt. I have lost in killed and wounded about every third man of my command. Within a radius of 200 yards of my headquarters some 150 dead bodies 8 R RVOL Page 114 114 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CRAP. XXII. were left on the field, the proportion of rebels to Union men being about three to one. Among the killed is General A. S. Johnston (said to be), who fell within 30 yards of my tent. Part of a battery belong- ing to the enemy was taken within 150 yards of my tent, and some 30 or 40 horses were killed within the same distance. The largely supe- rior number of the enemy enabled him to flank me all day Sunday (the 6th), yet I retook my camp twice, and checked the enemy by repeatedly changing front and meeting him until night-fall, which, together with the arrival of Buells forces, enabled us to attack the enemy in turn next day and drive him back with great slaughter. It was a great mistake that we did not pursue him Monday night and Tuesday. Breckinridge was in command of a portion of the troops attacking my column. Van Dorn and Price re-enforced the enemy yesterday with 10,000 oO 15 000 men. Fugitives from Island No. 10 will still further re-enforce him, and if Virginia should be abandoned and the rebel force there added to his strength here, we may have hotter and more dangerous work. A prisoner is reported to have said that the rebel chiefs here had said that this would be done if necessary to cover the cotton States. Please send me without delay the two young men named. Accept my thanks for the favor of my promotion, which I trust I will reward by acceptable service. Your obedient servant, JOHN A. McCLERNAIND. us Excellency ABRAHAM LINcoLN, President United States. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, In Field, Shiloh, April 29, 1862. Herewith I forward the report of Maj. Gen. McClernand, of the First Division, which closes the reports of the Army of the Tennessee in the battle of Shiloh on the 6th and 7th instant. The report is faulty in two particulars: First, in giving the idea that General Prentiss was surprised and taken prisoner in the morning, whereas he was not taken until a late hour in the afternoon; and, second, in reporting too much of other divisions remote from the First, and from which reports are received conflicting somewhat with his statements. U. S. GRANT, Major- General. Capt. A. C. KEMPER, Asst. Adjt. Gen. Department of the Mississippi. [Inclosure.] HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, Camp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 24, 1862. I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Division of the advance forces of the United States in the bat- tle of Shiloh, near Pittsburg Landing: Early on the morning of Sunday, the 6th of April, hearing sharp firing at short intervals on my left and froi~t,in the direction of She Page 115 UHAP. XXTI.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 115 mans and Prentiss divisions, I sent a messenger to General Shermans headquarters to inquire into the cause of it. Soon after my messenger returned with General Shermans request that I should send a battalion of my cavalry to join one of his, for the purpose of discovering the strength and design of the enemy. Before my cavalry had reached General Shermans camp his was seen retiring to the rear of his line, which was now being formed nearly par- allel with and within a short distance of the left of my camp. Hasten- ing forward, General Sherman informed me that the enemy had attacked him in large force and that he desired snpport. At the same time the firing in the direction of General Prentiss division indicated a partial abatement of the resistance offered by his division. Before my left, consisting of the Third Brigade, could form for the support of General Sherman, the enemy had pierced General Prentiss line, afterward taking him and a number of his men prisoners, and rapidly forcing back General Shermans left wing, was pressing upon my left with a mass five regiments deep, bearing the American flag. Discovering that this honored emblem was not borne by General Pren- tiss retiring forces, but was used by the enemy as a means of decep- tion, I ordered the Third Brigade to form in line of battle, fronting the enemys advance, nearly at a right angle with General Shermans line; but before this order had been fully executed the enemy had approached within short musket-range and opened a deadly fire upon us. Col. L. F. Ross, of the Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, being absent, the command of the Third Brigade had devolved on Col. J. S. Bearden, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, whose illness in the morning prevent- ing him from taking part in the engagement, it next devolved on Col. Julius Raith, Forty-third Illinois Infantry, whom I instructed to take command at the very moment he was forming his regiment. Although thus unexpectedly called upon to assume the functions of brigade com- mander, by forming the line of battle in the face of an overwhelming foe, he did so promptly and skillfully. While the line was being formed Captain Stewart, of my staff, brought information that the enemy, whose fire he had wonderfully escaped, were advancing in line of battle in strong force to the left of the brigade. Colonel Raith, having completed his line, ordered a charge upon the enemy, in which he fell mortally wounded while encouraging his men by his heroic and daring example. The charge, although successful in repulsing the enemy in front, left the flanks of his command liable to be turned by the superior numbers of the enemy, which was only pre- vented by changing the fronts of the two flank regiments, the Seven- teenth and Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry. Besides Colonel Raith several other officers were killed or wounded in this charge. The situation of the Third Brigade at this junctmmre was most criticaL Generals Prentiss and Sherinamis divisions had retired, leaving the bri- gade exposed to combined attack. The enemny in front was recovering from the disorder of his repulse, and the forces of Beauregard and Polk were sweeping around on the right and left. In obedience to my order the brigade fell back, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Engel- mann, Forty-third Illinois, about 300 yards, and reformed in front of my headquarters, joining the Second Brigade, under command of Col. C. C. Marsh, Twemitieth Illinois, and the First Brigade, under command of Col. A. N. Hare, Eleventh Iowa., on the left., the Eleventh Iowa being formed as a reserve, to support the center and left. Burrows Ohio battery was advanced to the center, at a point on the Corinth road, near my headquarters; Schwartzs battery, in support of She Page 116 116 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXI!. man, to the right, and McAllisters battery to the left, to command tho approach across a field. While this disposition was being completed the enemy were rapidly advancing at all points, supported by several batteries. The action, both by infantry and artillery, became general all along the line, and the conflict was desperate. In the course of twenty minutes Schwartzs battery had silenced the enemy~s battery in front, and to repel the enemy, whose left was still bearing back Gen- eral Shermans division on my right, Major Schwartz, chief of my staff; joined the Thirty-fourth and Forty-third Illinois, and boldly charged the enemy, receiving a severe wound iii the leg, which caused him to be taken from the field. Our resistance, however, was overborne by superior numbers, which still continued to hank the right of my line. All of Schwartzs battery except one caisson was brought offa por- tion of it by hand. Burrows battery opened a brisk fire from its position at the center, but from the near approach of the enemy, and the deadly fire opened on it both by infantry and artillery, was soon lost, including 70 horses killed. The battery was recovered in a damaged condition next day. Captain Burrows and a number of his officers were wounded, and in the same part of the field, and about the same time, my orderly was se- verely wounded near me. The underbrush and trees bear abundant and impressive evidence of the sanguinary character of this engage- inent. McAllisters battery opened from the corner of the field referred to, an(l by a well-directed and effective fire kept the enemy from crossing it until his battery was nearly surrounded and his support forced back, when, after silencing a battery in the woods on the opposite side of the field, he withdrew three of his pieces along the Corinth road towards Pittsburg Landing. The fourth piece was left behind for want of horses to take it off, but was recovered next day. In this engagement Captain McAllister was four times slightly wounded, but kept the field. An acting sergeant and 7 men were severely wounded and a number killed. During this bloody contest, which raged for some time with fluctu- ating success, Colonel ilaynie, an officer of (listinguished merit, and Lieutenant-Colonel Sanford, of the Forty-eighth; Lieutenant-Colonel Ransom and Major Nevius, of the Eleventh; Major Bartlesori, of the Twentieth, and Major Bishop, of the Forty-ninth Illinois, were severely wounded. The Eighteenth was so hotly engaged that Major Eaton, Cap- tain Brush, and Captain Dillon, who rapidly succeeded each other in command, as rapidly fell, the first two dangerously wounded and the last instantly killed. Wholly unsupported on the left, and still outflanked on the right by increasing numbers, to save my command from being surrounded I or(lered it to fall back about 200 yards and reform at a right angle with the center of my camp. The order was promptly and successfully executed, save by the Forty-third Illinois, which had failed to receive it. This gallant regiment still continued the conflict until it was sur- rounded and cut its way through the enemy to the right and rear of my third line. Making another stand upon the ground indicated, Timonys battery joined in the action. The contest was continued for some time by infantry and artillery. Trees of considerable size were cut off or scathed by the round shot of opposing batteries, and considerable loss in killed and wounded was sustained on both sides, including four guns of Timonys battery, two of which were replaced by a captur Page 117 CRAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 117 made next day. At length, checking the enemy in front, I pressed the advantage, driving him back some distance; but, re enforced by fresh troops his wavering line was strengthened, and again he commenced turning my right and left, forcing me back about 200 yards to the fourth position, in an open wood, skirting a large field. Here, joined by the Forty-third Illinois, by a portion of Timonys battery, by a portion of Taylors battalion, and by a portion of General Sherinan~ division, the contest was again renewed with increased fury on both sides. Accompanied by Major Brayman, acting assistant adjutant- general, and by Captain Stewart and Lieutenant Freeman, acting aides-de-camp, I rode along my line and gave the order, Forward ; responsively to which it rapidly advanced, driving the enemy a first and second time for half a mile with great slaughter over the ground occupied by my artillery and a l)ortion of my infantry camps. Within a radius of 200 yards of my headquarters the ground was almost liter- ally covered with dead bodies, chiefly of the enemy. Here the Eleventh and the Twentieth Illinois, Lieutenant.ColoneL Ransom and Lieutenant-Colonel Richards, and the Eleventh Iowa, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Hall, charged a hostile battery and took it, killing most all the artillery horses. Under the fire of the same regiments Albert Sidney Johnston, commanding general of the rebel forces, fell within 30 yards of my headquarters. Here Colonel Hare, commanding the First Brigade; Colonel Marsh, commanding the Second Brigade, and Lieutenant-Colonel Engelmann,* commanding the Third Brigade, heed- less of danger, led their men to the charge amid a storm of bullets and in the face of a battery; and here Lieutenant-Colonel Richards, of the Twentieth Illinois; Lieutenant-Colonel Pease, of the Forty-ninth Illi- nois, and Captain Stewart and Lieutenant Freeman, of my staff, were wounded, while Lieutenant-Colonel Ransom, of the Eleventh, although reeling in the saddle and streaming with blood from a previous wound, performed prodigies of valor. Continuing this sanguinary conflict until several regiments of my division had exhausted their ammunition and its right flank had been torne back, and it was in danger of being turned, the remainder of my eommand, with the exception hereafter noticed, also fell back to the eainp of the First Brigade. Here the portion which had first fallen back reformed, in obedience to my order, parallel with the camp and fronting the approach of the enemy from the west while the other portion formed at right angle with it, still fronting the approach of the enemy from the south. The Forty-fifth Illinois, being the last to fall back, only escaped being surrounded and captured by boldly cut- ting their way through the closing circle of the enemys lines and join- ing the division, under the daring lead of Colonel and Major Smith, of that regiment. In thus awarding honor to the meritorious it is but just to recognize the good conduct of the portion of General Shermans division partici- pating in this l)rotracted and desperate conflict, while to him is due great credit for the gallant, skillful, and important part he took in it. It was 2 oclock p. m. when my fifth line had been thus formed. By that time Lieutenant Jones, ordn~ce officer of my division, had come ~u at great peril with ammunitiq~~ which was rapidly distributed among some of the most convenient regifn ents. As the enemys artillery was already playing npon us, I continued my l)reparations to meet him by ordering up McAllisters battery, which was put in position in front and But ~ee Woods report, p. 141 Page 118 118 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL toward the right of the camps of my First Brigade. This done, I kept the enemy in check for some time by the fire of these batteries. Deterred from direct advance, he moved a considerable force by the right flank, with the evident intention of turning my left. To defeat this purpose I ordered my command to fall back in the directioii of the landing, across a deep hollow, and to reform on the east side of another field in the skirts of a wood. This was my sixth line. Here we rested a half hour, to supply with ammunition until the continuing our men , enemy~s cav alry were seen rapidly crossing the field to the charge. Waiting till they approached within some 30 paces of our line, 1 ordered a fire, which was delivered with great coolness and destructive effect. First halting, then wavering, they turned and fled in confusion, leaving behind a number of riders and horses dead on the field. The Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, inspired by the courageous example of their command- ing officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Ferrell, bore the chief part in this engage- ment. Captain Millington, of Company I, and others of the same reg- iinent, also distinguished themselves. In the mean time, under cover of this demonstration, strengthened by large additions from other portions of the field yielded by our forces, the enemy continued his endeavors to turn the flanks of my line and to cut me off from the landing. To prevent this I ordered my left wing to fall back a short distance and form an obtuse angle with the center, opposing a double front to the enemys approach. Thus disposed, my left held the enemy in check, while my whole line slowly fell back t~ my sixth position. Here I reformed the worn and famishing remnant of my division on favorable ground, along a north and south road, supported on my right by fragments of General Shermans division, and on my left by the Fifteenth and Forty-sixth illinois, under com- mand of Colonel Veatch, acting brigadier. Hastily completing this disposition I ordered up McAllisters battery, which took position about the center of my line, supported by the Eighteenth Illinois, Captain Anderson, Company F, commanding. The Seventh Illinois, being sep- arated from the Second Division, was formed by me as a reserve. The enemy renewed the contest by trying to shell us from our position. Mc- Allisters battery replied with great spirit, first alone, and soon after in conjunction with another battery unknown to me. Attempting in vain so often to turn the flanks of my line and again its rear, the enemy now gave evidence of a change of tactics. Advancing in heavy columns, led by the Louisiana Zonaves, to break our center, we awaited his ap- proach withimi sure range, and opened a terrific fire upon him. The head of the column was instantly mowed down; the remainder of it swayed to and fro for a few seconds, and turned and fled. This second success of the last two engagements terminated a conflict of ten and a half hours duration, from 6 oclock a. m. to 4.30 oclock p. in., and probably saved our army, transports, and all, from capture. Strange, however, at the very moment of the flight of the enemy the right of our line gave way, and immediately after, notwithstanding the indignant and heroic resistance of Colonel Veatch, the left, com- prising the Fifteenth and Forty-sixth Illinois, was irresistibly swept back by the tide of fugitive soldiers and trains seeking vain security at the landing. Both officers and men were alive to the importance of this last struggle of Sunday. They felt that the issue of the battle depended upon it, and hence fought with unshaken determination. Col. A. M. Hare, commanding the First Brigade, who had borne himself through the day with great constancy and courage, was here wounded, and th Page 119 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOII, TENN. 119 command of the brigade devolved on his able and gallant successor, Colonel Crocker. Major Abererombie, of the Eleventh Iowa, was also severely wounded while faithfully performing his duty; and Captain Harvey, of the Eighth, Adjutant Thompson, of the Twentieth Illinois, and Captains Burnett and Sprague, of Companies E and H, Twenty- ninth Illinois, besides many other gallant and meritorious officers, were killed. Left unsupported and alone, the Twentieth and Seventeenth Illinois, together with other portions of my division not borne back by the re- treating multitude, retired in good order, nnde r the immediate com- mand of Colonel Marsh and Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, and reformed under my direction, the right resting near the former line and the left at an acnte angle with it. A more extended line, comprising portions of regiments, brigades, and divisions, was soon after formed on this nucleus by the efforts of General Sherman, myself, and other officers. Here, in the eighth position occupied by my division during the day, we rested in line of battle upon our arms, uncovered and exposed to a drenching rain during the night. Yet night, inclement as it was, and the arrival of re-enforcements, which came, were prayed for as the as- surance of better fortune next day. Having been directed by you on the evening of the 6th to assume command of all detached and fragmentary corps in the vicinity of my line, your order of the morning of the 7th for a forward movement found the Forty-sixth Illinois on my right and portions of Generals Hurlbuts and Buells troops on my left. The Fifty-third Ohio was formed as a reserve, the Twenty-ninth Illinois having been ordered still farther to the left and near the landing, for the purpose of (lriving and keeping back fugitives. Moving forward obliquely to the left I passed unobstructedly over the scene of my last engagement an(l reached the scene of the cavalry charge. Here I or(lered a halt, and adj asted my line in a wood, extending to the left and skirting a field in front. Meanwhile McAllisters battery was brought near the corner of the field, and replied to a battery posted beyond the camp of my First Brigade. After this fire had been continued for a few minutes I pushed on to my old camp and readjusted my line just behind it. The Twenty-eighth Illinois, Colonel Johnson, here joined me, and was formed on my left obliquely to the rear. McAllisters battery was again brought up to the center of my line, and again replied to the battery in front and to another to its left. A few minutes after I discovered troops to my right, near Owl Creek, which I was informed were General L. Wallaces. One or more bat- teries, supposed to belong to his command, were advanced in the field in front and near the right of my camp, and also opened fire upon the battery in front of my line. Thus clearing the woods in front in that direction, preceded by skir- mishers, my line advanced through my camp obliquely to the south- west, thus retaking it. At the same time Generals Sherman and Wal- lace were seen advancing in the same general direction. Approaching a hasty and rude breastwork of logs formed by the enemy during Sun- day night, his skirmishers opened an irregular fire, which caused the Fifty-third Ohio to retire in disorder, breaking my line. My right staggered for a moment, recovered itself and, lIn (ler the lead of Colonel Marsh, opened an oblique fire, which immediately dispersed the enemy in that direction, leaving us in possession of my recaptured camp. About the same time information was brought that the enemy were advancing in strong force to turn the left of my line. to prevent thi Page 120 120 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. IXIL I ordered my command to move by the left flank, which, being promptly done, confronted the opposing forces. Here one of the severest con- flicts ensued that occurred during the two days. We drove the enemy back and pursued him with great vigor to the edge of a field, a half mile east and to the left of my headquarters, where reserves came to his support. Our position at this moment was most critical and a repulse seemed inevitable, but fortunately the Louisville Legion, form- ing part of General Rousseaus brigade, came up at my request and succored me. Extending and strengthening my line, this gallant body poured into the enemys ranks one of the most terrible fires I ever wit- nessed. Thus breaking its center, it fell back in disorder, and hence- forth he was beaten at all points until our successful pursuit was staid. The generous response of General Rousseau to my request for succor, no less than the gallant bearing of himself, Colonel Buckley, Lieuten. ant.Colonel Berry, and Major Treanor, officers of the same command, challenge my gratitude, while commanding my admiration. Crossing the field referred to, portions of my own and other divisions again encountered the enemy, who had rallied and offered obstinate resistance. Some of our men temporarily retired, while others persisted until the enemy was again driven back. Pressing our advantage and moving obliquely to the south in the direction of General Shermans camp, we came to another field, where Lieutenant Hammond, of General Shermans staff, brought informa- tion that the enemy was hovering upon our left in considerable force. Riding forward from a point on the edge of the field I found this to be so. Directing Lieutenant Hammond to bring up a battery, it was posted near the field, and, opening fire, drove the enemy into the woods. Meeting Brigadier-General McCook, I returned with him to the field, and, showing him the direction the enemy had withdrawn, proposed that he should move a portion of his command around the field and fall upon his flank. This was skillfully and successfully done, driving the enemy in the direction his center and left were already retreating. Meantime, overtaking the enemys center, we again engaged it. Our forces to the left not yet having come up, Colonel Gibson, Indiana~* found himself hard pressed and in danger of being flanked. Instruct- ing Lieutenant Hitt, of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, to inform General McCook accordingly, and to request of him re-enforcements, they were - promptly sent forward, and the enemy again driven back with loss. In this engagement the Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois charged and took a section of one of the enemys batteries, which they afterward brought to my camp. The next and last stand of the enemy was in a wood skirting a field still farther south. Here he brought into action a number of guns, which were used with most annoying effect until silenced by McAllis- ters battery of 24-pounder howitzers. Although the enemy was fur- ther pursued, this artillery engagement actually terminated the conflict, which had passed over a space of some 3 miles, and had been continued from 7 oclock a. m. to about 4 oclock p. m. of the second day. So pro- tracted, obstinate, and sanguinary a battle has rarely occurred. In magnitude and importance it is second to but few. Had our army been captured or destroyed on Sunday the rebellion would have rolled back over Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri before another army could have been raised and equipped adequate to retrieve Probably Col. William H. Gibson, commanding Sixth Brigade, Second Division, Army of the Ohio Page 121 CEAF. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 121 the disaster. Indeed, months would have elapsed before this could have been done. Meantime the rebellion would have gathered fresh courage and strength. Considering that our numbers were probably less than one-half of the enemys; that he had selected his own time and mode of attack; thattnir position was isolated and some 200 miles from our base of operations at Paducali and Cairo; that a portion of our forces were in a manner surprised and driven back in confusion, it is marvelous, may I not say providential, that we were not captured or destroyednay, more, that my division should have been able to fight the enemy all day within the narrow limits of a mile. My effective force on the day of commencement of the battle was 7,028, of which, during the two days following, 1,861 were killed and wounded, including comparatively few missing, giving a proportionate loss of 37~ per cent. The loss of that portion of the enemy encoun- tered by my command is doubtless doubly as great. In the course of the battle I captured 3 6-pounder guns and 2 gun. carriages, 13 6-pounder caissons, 10 limbers, 622 rounds of fixed 6- pounder canister shot, 20 rounds of fixed 12-pounder spherical case shot, 16 stands 12-pounder grape shot, a considerable quantity of wagon and artillery harness, and 3,560 stand of small-arms. in thus noticing the incidents of this great battle it is but just and proper that 1 should bear testimony to the general good conduct of my command. Exhorting them in the beginning to add to the glory they had won at Belmont and Forts Henry and Donelson, and to stand by the beloved flag of their country in every extremity, they were kindled with ardor, and throughout the battle evinced a firm resolution to do so. Colonels Hare and Crocker, who successively commaiided the First Brigade, and Colonel Ilaith and Lieutenant-Colonel Engelmann,* who successively commanded the Third Brigade, distinguished themselves by the coolness, courage, and skill with which they managed their men. Colonel itaith, falling an honored martyr in a just cause, will be mourned by his friends and adopted country, while Colonel Marsh, a hero at Fredericktown, Donelson, and Shiloh; Colonel Crocker, an able and enterprising officer, and Lieutenant-Colonel Ransom are respectfully recommended for promotion. It already appears that Colonel Smith and Major Smith, of the Forty- fifth Illinois, signally distinguished themselves by their exemplary con- stancy and indomitable courage. The same commendation is due Lieu- tenant-Colonel Hare, of the Eleventh Iowa, and Lieutenant-Colonel Pease, of the Forty-ninth illinois. Captain Sturgess, Company H, a brave and intelligent officer, suc- ceeded to the comniand of the Eighth Illinois upon the fall of Captain Harvey. Captain Morgan, Company A, Forty-ninth Illinois, although severely wounded, mounted a horse, and continued with his company until the horse was shot under him. Captains Wilson, Reed, and Brush, Companies A, B, and F, Eighteenth Illinois, added to the laurels they had won at Fort Donelson. Captain Frisbie, Company H, Twentieth Illinois; Captain Burrows, Ohio Artillery; Captain McAllister, Cap- taimi Timony, Lieutenants Barger and Kispel, Illinois artillery, and the officers generally of those batteries are all honorably nientioned for their fearless conduct in the face of danger. To this list I might add many other meritorious names, including Adjutants Cadle, Hotchkiss, and Ryan, of the First, Second, and Third Brigades, if limit could be found to make more special reference to them. * But see Woods report, p 141 Page 122 122 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL In this, as in former actions, my staff afforded most valuable assist- ance. Major Schwartz, Captain Stewart, and Lieutenant Freeman, as already mentioned, were seriously wounded while in the fearless and faithful performance of duty Major Brayinan, my acting adjutant- general, displayed his usual courage and sagacity, often inspiring the troops by his gallant bearing, particularly in a crisis toward the close of the battle, when lie seized a flag and carried it in front of the enemy. Lieutenant Jones, ordnance officer and aide, won the applause of all by his characteristic diligence and fearlessness in briiiging up and sup- plying ammunition to our men, often within range of the enemys musketry, and still oftener in range of his artillery. A similar tribute is (hue to Lieutenant Tresilian, acting engineer and aide, for unsurpassed activity and daring throughout the battle. The casualties of the first day having left me almost without a member of my staff; Lieutenants Hitt and Hall, of Companies B and C, of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, joined me next day, and performed most active and valuable services. While commending them for their zeal, courage, and intelligence, it may be added, as one of the proofs of Lieutenant Hitts exposure to danger, that his horse was shot under him. Having already noticed the good conduct of the Fifteenth, Twenty- eighth, and Forty-sixth Illinois, and their heroic commanders, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Ellis and Colonels Johnson and Davis, a similar acknowl. edgment is justly due the Fourteenth Illinois and their commander, Colonel Hall, all of whom at different times co-operated with me under the lead of their gallant chief, General Hurlbut. The same meed of justice is due to the Fortieth Illinois and their daring commander, Colonel Hicks, who was severely wounded near me, and to Colonels Veatch, commanding a brigade, and Brigadier-General Sherman, who zealously and actively co-operated with me during the two days battle. I am also indebted to Captains Fox and Hammond, members of their staff, for prompt and valuable assistance several times afforded during the battle. In commemorating this great victory as a historical event, challenging honorable comparison with most signal triumphs of arms, it is impos- sible for me to close this imperfect account of it without the expression of heartfelt grief for the loss of so many brave and ftuithful men whom I find enrolled in the list of honored dead; of my sympathy for the suffering wounded and the bereaved kindred and friends, and offering grateful acknowledgments to a kind Providence for the eminent suc- cess which has crowned our labors in the cause of liberty and consti- tutional government. Yours, respectfully, JOHN A. MOCLERNAND, Major- General, Commanding. Major-General GRANT, Commanding District Western Tennessee Page 123 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 123 Beurm of casaalties in the First (MoClernands) Division. Army of the Tennessee, at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, Ienn., April 6 and 7, 1862.* Killed. Wounded. Missing. Command. . Remarks by compiler. S S . u Ci ~ Q to ~ 0 0 0 ~ .~ ~ ~ .~ ~ Q F~1 0 ~1 0 ~ First Brigade: 8th Illinois 18th flhinois 11th Iowa 13th Iowa Total Second Brigade: 11th Illinois 20th Illinois 45th Illinois 48th illinois Total Third Brigade: 17th Illinois 29th Illinois... 434 lilinois 49th flhinois . -. Total Artillery: Borrows battery Dressers battery MeAllieters battery..... Schwartzs battery Total Cavalry: Carmichaels (Illinois)... McCulloughs (illinois).. Stewarts (Illinois) Total Grand total 1 1 1 2 22 10 28 23 7 6 8 9 84 57 139 130 3 3 1 11 117 77 177 164 5 83 30 410 18 546 1 13 6 65 3 98 1 21 6 98 10 136 3 22 10 162 197 1 16 5 84 23 129 6 72 27 409 36 560 14 5 111 9 139 3 14 1 71 17 106 6 39 9 122 ...... 146 322 1 10 6 98 115 10 77 21 402 172 682 4 1 23 29 4 1 20 26 11 11 1...... 4 S 5 2 58 71 21 14th Ohio Battery. 24 Illinois, Battery I). 1st fllinois, Battery D. 24 Illinois, Battery B.. 1 1 1 2 232 81 1,276 ...... 226 1,861 No. 5. Report of Col. Abraham 31. Hare, Eleventh Iowa Infantry, commanding First Brigade. hEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, FIRST DIVIsION, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 8, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the part taken by the First Bri- gade of the First Division in the engagement with the enemy on the 6th instant. Early in the morning of the 6th, U~Olt the alarm being given, the brigade, composed of the Eighth and Eighteenth Regiments Illinois Infantry, the Eleventh and Thirteenth Regiments Iowa Infantry, and Dressers battery, were formed in the open field in front of thefr re- spective encampments. I received orders about 8 oclock a. m. to 5But see revised statement, p. 100 Page 124 124 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ECHAP. XXIL move three regiments to the left of the Second Brigade. The Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois and Thirteenth iowa were accordingly ordered to form in line of battle in that position, and moving in double-quick formed in good order in a skirt of woods bordering on a field, the Eighteenth Illinois on the left and the Thirteenth Iowa on the right. At the same time I was ordered to form a regiment on the right of the Second Brigade, which position, by my orders, the Eleventh Iowa, un- der command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hall, immediately took, and, with a battery, formed a reserve for the time being. After seeing the order executed I joined the three regiments at their position on the left, as above stated. Upon arriving at that point I found this portion of my brigade there formed under the fire of the enemy~s cannon and mus- ketry. On the right was a battery of our guns, supported by infantry still on its right. Against this battery the principal fire of the enemy was directed, and large bodies of infantry were moving around the field in its direction. A charge being made by these bodies of the enemys infantry, directed upon the battery and our infantry on the right, they broke and retired in great disorder. Seeing the enemy approaching in great numbers, and our troops on the right having given way, my regi- nients also broke and retired in confusion. Having retired to the distance of about 100 yards I succeeded, with the assistance of the field officers of my regiments, in rallying them and forming them in line in the same order as before. Here we maintained our position in good order, under a constant fire of the enemy, until 12 oclock in., when, discovering that the enemy were approaching in great numbers, and that our troops on the right and left had retired, I or- dered my regiments to retire and take up a new position about 200 yards to rear, which they did in good order and without confusion. We remained in this position, repelling charge after charge of the enemy, until 4.30 oclock p. in., all the ofilcers and men behaving with the greatest gallantry. At that hour, my regiments having exhausted iheir ammunition and great numbers of them having been killed and wounded and the forces on my right and left having retired, I again ordered them to fall back, which was done in good order as before. At this time I received a severe wound in the hand and arm, which compelled me to retire from the field. Dressers battery and my own regiment, the Eleventh Iowa, I did not see after they took their position in the morning, but I am satisfied that they behaved with great gallantry, and their reports, herewith submitted, fully attest the bravery with which they acted. To Lieut. Col. William Hall, who commanded the Eleventh Iowa, great praise is due for the bravery and skill shown by him on the field of action. Major Abererombie, of the Eleventh Iowa, who was wounded severely during the early part of the engagement, displayed that cool- ness and bravery which characterize a good soldier. To Col. M. M. Crocker, of the Thirteenth Iowa Volunteers, I wish to call especial attention. The coolness and bravery displayed by him on the field of battle during the entire action of the 6th, the skill with which he maneuvered his men, and the example of daring and disregard to danger by which he inspired them to do their duty and stand by their colors, show him to be possessed of the highest qualities of a com- mander, and entitle him to speedy promotion. flis adjutant, Lieuten- ant Wilson, who accompanied him on the field during the day and shared all its dangers, I wish to mention as the bravest of the brave. Capt. William H. Harvey, of Company K, Eighth Illinois, was instantly killed while commanding his regiment, and died the deat Page 125 VHAP. XXII. PITTSBURG LANDING, OI~ SHILOH, TENN. 125 of a brave man. Capt. Robert H. Sturgess, of Company H, took com- mand of the regiment and led them gallantly through the day. Maj. Samuel Eaton was badly wounded while commanding his regiment the Eighteenth Illinois. Capt. D. H. Brush, next in command, was soon after also severely wounded. Captain Dillon, of Company C, arrived on the field at this moment and took command, but was almost instantly killed. From that time the regiment was led on by Captain Anderson, who did his duty nobly. My thanks are due to my volunteer aide, Lieutenant Caldwell, of General Oglesbys staff, who assisted me during the day; and I express my very great obligations to my adjutant, C Cadle, jr., who accom- panied me on the field and rendered me most efficient service, and during the whole action, by his promptness, energy, and activity, exhibited all the best qualities of a soldier. Respectfully, & c., A. M. HARE, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Maj. M. BRAYMAN, A8sistant Adjutant-General. No. 6. Report of Col. Marcellus M. Crocker, Thirteenth Iowa Im~fantry, com manding First Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, Camp near Pittsburg Landing, April 8, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the part taken by the First Brigade of the First Division in the action of the 6th and 7th instant, after 4.30 oclock p m. of the 6th, at which time Col. A. MI. Hare was wounded and carried off the field and the command of the brigade devolved upon me. At this time the Thirteenth Iowa Volunteers, Eighth and Eight- eenth Illinois Volunteers retired together, in obedience to command of Colonel Hare, and were rallied by me, and formed after we had retired to position in front of the camp ground of the Fourteenth Iowa Volun- teers, and for the rest of the day and until the enemy was repulsed they maintained that position under constant and galling fire from the enerny~s artillery. The fire of his guns ceased at dark, and during the night we remained under arms in that position. On the morning of the 7th we were ordered to advance with the division, at that time commanded by Colonel Tuttle, of the Second Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and form a reserve to the advance of our forces that were driving back the enemy and to support our batteries, which we did during the day, most of the time exposed to the cannon and musketry of the enemy. Just before the rout of the enemy the Eighteenth and Eighth Illinois Regiments were ordered to charge upon and take a battery of two guns that had been greatly annoying and damaging our forces. They advanced at a charge bayonets, took the guns, killing nearly all the horses and men, and brought the guns off the field. The enemy having retreated, and there being no further need of the regiments under my command in the field, Colonel Tuttle directed me to return with my regiments, the Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois and Thirteenth Iowa Volunteers, together with the guns cap- tured, to our encampment, which we had left Sunday morning. Thi Page 126 126 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. lCiAP. XXIL 1 did, arriving at the camp at 8 oclock p. m. of Monday. During this day our loss was small, the principal loss of the brigade having occurred in the action on the 6th instant. The entire loss of the brigade in this action during the two days engaged is: Killed, 92; wounded, 467; missing, 18. A list of the killed, wounded, and missing is herewith submitted.* We went into action with 2,414 men, and came out of it on the evening of the second day with 1,795. Most of the officers and men behaved with great gal- lantry and coolness. Of Dressers battery and the Eleventh Iowa Volunteer Infantry I can say nothing, excepting that I found what was left of them in camp upon my return on the evening of the 7th, they having been separated from the brigade during all the time that it was under my command. Respectfully, & c., M. M. CROCKER, Colonel Command Major BRAYMAN, ing Brigade. Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 7. Report of Capt. Robert H. Sturgess, Eighth illinois Infantry. HDQRS. EIGHTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, Camp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 8, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Eighth iRegi- ment Illinois Volunteers in the engagement with the enemy on the 6th and 7th instant. Early in the morning of the 6th heavy firing was heard in the dis- tance, which indicated that an attack was being made by the rebel force near the right center of our lines. At 7.30 a. m. the Eighth Regiment fllinois Volunteers, James M. Ashmore, senior captain, commanding, was drawn up in line of battle on the regimental parade. Soon the regiment, in common with other regiments of the First Brigade, Col. A. M. Hare, of the Eleventh Iowa Volunteers, commanding, moving by column of companies, was ordered to take position in line of battle on a ridge running perpendicular to the front of the camp line of the Second Brigade. From some misunderstanding the 8th took position on the left of the Eighteenth Illinois and on the left of the brigade, which was kept during the day. In taking the position assigned it the regiment moved in good order through a heavy fire from the enemy, losing several men. Immediately after forming in line, the left resting in anopen field, Captain Ashmore, commanding, was slightly wounded, an dieft the field. The command of the regiment devolved oii Capt. William II. ilarvey, of Company K, second in rank, and then acting lieutenant-colonel, who in a few moments received a shot through his body, killing him instantly, while gallantly leading and stimulating the men by his noble conduct, and displaying the greatest bravery and activity. At this time the whole line on my right gave way, and had fallen back some distance before I was made aware of the fall of the brave Captain Harvey. Knowing that I was next in rank, I immediately as- * Nominal list omitted; but see revised statement on p. 100, and division return on p. 123 Page 127 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 127 sumed command, and gaining an open field directly to the left and rear, and assisted by the company commanders, I succeeded in rallying the regiment, and ordered it to fall back a short distance and take position behind a fence, with the open field between my line and the enemy. Lu a few moments the enemy appeared in force on the opposite side of the field, with the evident design of charging upon our lines, but receiving a severe enfilading fire from the Seventh Illinois Volunteers, posted on the left behind a fence running perpendicular to my line, and a destruc- tive fire from our lines, they immediately retreated into the woods. Receiving an order to move the regiment by the right flank, file right, for several hundred yards, I took position on the left of the division, im- mediately in front of a rebel battery of ten guns, which played upon our lines for an hour with but little damage, although the infantry annoyed us greatly. I was again ordered to the right, to support a battery planted in the open woods. The enemy made a desperate charge upon this battery but our men, falling back a few yards, rallied, and drove the enemy back with great loss. The Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois were advancing slowly, and the enemy retiring, when the regiment on my right was driven back, leaving my flank exposed to an enfilading firs from the enemy. Our men, seeing their peril, immediately fell back in disorder, and the company officers lost control of their men from the promiscuous mingling together of the different regiments. After re- treating about a mile I succeeded in rallying a portion of the regiment, and took up position on the right of the Fortieth Illinois Volunteers, and remained on the field during the night. On the morning of the 7th I was again ordered to the right to sup- port a battery, after reaching which I advanced to support a regiment to me unknown. The enemy, seeing re-enforcements coming up, re- treated. Taking position immediately in the rear of that regiment, Cap- tain Leibs compauy, B, was deployed as skirmishers. Moving rapidly to the front about 400 yards, and no enemy being discovered, I moved farther to the right, and took position with my right resting on the Purdy road. While awaiting orders General Crittenden ordered the Eighth and Eighteenth Regiments to take a rebel battery, which some regiment had endeavored to capture, but had been driven back with heavy loss. The men received the order with a cheer, and charged on a double-quick. The enemy, after firing a few shots, abandoned his guns and retreated to the woods. My color-bearer rushed up and planted his colors on one of the guns, and the color-bearer of the Eighteenth took possession of another. There was a portion of a regiment, to me unknown, on the left, but it did not come up until we had possession of the battery. Captain Reed, of the Eighteenth Illinois, assisted by Captain Wil- son, of the same regiment and several others, turned the guns upon the enemy, and fired several shots into his ranks with fatal effect, caus- ing him to retreat in disorder, and leaving us in possession of the field. We kept this position until the day was won, and our victorious bri- gade, having fougi t valiantly, was ordered to its accustomed camp, under command of Col. M. INI. Crocker, of the Thirteenth Iowa Volun- teers, Col. A. M. flare having been wounded early in the action, and left the field. Under circumstances so inauspicious I can but say that the conduct of the officers and men of the regiment, except in a few individual cases, was highly satisfactory and commendable. Where all acted the noble part it were invidious to mention individual daring and courage. Captains Leeper, Company A, and Wheaton, Company E, were s Page 128 128 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. rerely wounded, and left the field. Lieutenants Shaw, Company H; Monroe, Company A, acting adjutant; MeClung, Company K, and Smith, Company I, were each wounded, severely enough to leave the field. Lieutenant Taylor was upon the field on Sunday without any of his company, it having left the field. To him I am indebted for valu- able assistance during the action. Lieutenant Caidwell, Company E, acting as aide-de-camp on General Oglesbys staff, also rendered me much service. The regiment went into action with 23 commissioned officers and 453 enlisted men, and had 23 killed on the field, 91 wounded, and 3 missing. Inclosed is a list of the names of those killed, wounded, and missing.* I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT H. STUIRGESS, Captain Company H, Commanding Eighth Illinois Volunteer& C. CADLE ,Jr., Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen. First Brigade, First Division. No. 8. Report of Capt. J. J. Anderson, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry. HDQRS. EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, Pittsburg, Tenn. April 11, 1862. SIR: I respectfully submit the following report of the part taken by the Eighteenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers in the action of the 6th and 7th instant: Our position was assigned us on the left of the center of the First Brigade, First Division, the Thirteenth Iowa Volunteers on our right, the Eighth Illinois Volunteers on our left. We were marched to the left and rear of General McClernands headquarters, and were fired upon by the rebel forces while marching by the left flank, by which we had several men wounded before our line of battle was formed. We gave the enemy a volley from the left flank, when they retired in dis- order. We retained our position here for some time, when the enemy ad- vanced in force, and we were ordered to retire without giving the enemy a single volley. We retired, skirmishing a quarter of a mile, receiving a galling fire from the enemy, in which our commander, Maj. Samuel Eaton, fell badly wounded, and was carried from the field. At the same time Adjutant Heath received a severe wound. The command then devolved upon senior Capt. Daniel H. Brush, who was soon after severely wounded. The command now devolved upon myself, assisted by Capt. H. S. Wilson. We were again moved to the right, where we were joined by Captain Dillon, of Company C, who had been absent on account of wounds re- eeived at Fort Donelson. He received a shot in the head, killing him instantly; a brave and efficient officer. We remained in this position some time, exposed to a galling fire of Nominal list omitted; but see revised statement on p. 100, and division return on p. 123 Page 129 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 129 canister from a rebel battery planted near General MeClernands head- (luarters. We were ordered to retire, and fell back about 1 mile. We again made a stand, with a battery (the First Missouri) in our rear. The rebels advanced in large force. A charge, ordered by General McCler- nand, and led by Assistant Adjutant-General Brayman with great gal- lantry, was made, in which charge the regiment participated, but being overpowered by superior numbers, was compelled to retire. Captain Reed, with his company (E), being detailed to assist in inanningabattery, by their efficient aid dealt destruction in the rebel ranks. The regiment retired to siege batteries in front of the landing, and formed a part of the advance line during the night. On the morning of the 7th we fell in rear of General Crittendens brigade, being in reserve. After the brigade, the Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois, by command of Generals Boyle and Critteuden, gallantly ~harged a rebel battery, capturing two 6-pounder brass field pieces, one of which Captain Reed loaded and brought to bear upon the retreating enemy, giving them three shots unassisted, which told with good effect. Being assisted by Captain Wilson and Lieutenants Flick and Davis, he fired 15 or 20 rounds into the retreating cavalry, for which they deserve the highest praise. The officers and men of this regiment who remained with their colors acted in a manner becoming men and soldiers. I am sorry to say there were exceptions. William L. Cross, second lieutenant of Company D, absented himself from his company during the early part of the fight on the morning of the 6th of April, and, although informed of the posi- tion occupied by his company and regiment by a sergeant of his com- pany, made no effort to rqjoin it; neither did he make any effort to rally or encourage the stragglers to return to the help of their comrades. On the contrary, he permitted some of the members of his regimen t to accompany him. and did not order them to return to the field. He did not rejoin his company or regiment until it returned from the field in pursuit of the enemy on the night of the 7th of April, when he was found in his company quarters unhurt. William N. Thompson, second lieutenant of Company F, acted in a similar manner, leaving the field on the morning of the 6th of April, and not rejoining his regiment (lur- ing the two days fight. During his absence he said, He would be damned if he would fight in such a cowardly regiment. C. C. Weaver, first lieutenant Company B, left the field on the night of the 6th of April, and did not rejoin his regiment until our return to our quarters oii the night of the 7th of April. Kelso, secon(l lieutenant of Company A, ran behind a tree, and was ordered from there by the commander of his company and by Captain Reed, of Company E, during the early part of the action. On the morning of the 6th of April he was again guilty of some unofficer-like conduct, and would not joiu his company when ordered to do so by his captain. I respectfully submit their conduct to your action, hoping you will take immediate steps to bring them to rigid account for the manner in which they have acted. Very respectfully, J. J. ANDERSON, Captain, Comdg. Eighteenth Regiment illinois Volunteers. Colonel CROCKER, Commanding First Brigade. 9 R RYOL Page 130 130 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CuAr. XXIL No. 9. Report of Lieut. Gol. William Hall, Eleventh Iowa Infantry. IIDQRS. ELEVENTH REGIMENT IOWA VOLUNTEERS, April 9, 1862. SIR: 1 have the honor to report the part taken by the Eleventh Regiment Iowa Volunteers in the action of the 6th and 7th instant as follows: At between 7 and 8 a. m. on the 6th instant I received orders from you to form my regiment, consisting of an aggregate of 750 officers and men, and march them in close column about 200 yards to the front and there await orders, ivhich I did. In about half an hour I received orders from you to march about one-fourth of a mile to the left and there form as a reserve. On arriving at the place indicated I immedi- ately deployed in line of battle. In a very few moments I received orders from Major-General MeClernand to advance to the front, whicli I did at a double-quick for a distance of over a quarter of a mile, my right resting on a pond and supporting Dressers battery, my left rest- ing along a road and on another battery. I had scarcely got into posi- tion before the enemy appeared in force, and I opened fire immediately, throwing them into confusion. They soon reformed and opened on me a very destructive fire of musketry a.n(l artillery, which I sustained for nearly two hours, during which time my loss in killed and wounded was very severe. Major Abererombie, who commanded the right wing and who rendered me the most gallant and efficient aid, here received a severe wound in the head, which necessitated his retiring from the field, remaining, however, during the time above mentioned. My horse was here shot under me, and I received while on foot a slight wound in my left ankle. A large force of the enemy appearing on my right and apparently endeavoring to turn it, I received orders to retire, which I did, forming about 100 yards from the left of the regimental parade ground with Companies A, B, C, E, G, H, and K, the left wing and Company C retiring in good order. Companies ID, F, and I, while retiring, were exposed to a most galling fire of artillery and musketry, which swept the open space through which they had to go, and were thrown into confusion and did not form. 1 immediately received orders from Major-General MeClernand to take my position about 50 yards in advance, where I remmrined under cover for a short time until the enemy approached quite close, when I fired and advanced at double- (luick, driving them before me and capturing a standard from the enemy. When about 50 yards in the rear of my position, when supporting I )ressers battery, in the morning, I received report from the command- ers of companies that the men were out of ammunition, which fact I immediately reported to Major-General MeClernand in person, and held my l)osition until I was re-enforced, when I received orders from General McClernand to retire and procure ammunition. Before I issued the order to retire the troops ordered to occupy my ground broke in confusion, throwing my muen into temporary disorder, but they rallied and formed at umy camp, where I learned that my ammu- nition had been takemi to the river half an hour before, and I could not learn, after repeated inquiries, where I could procure any, an(l the fire becoming very hot, I retired until I receive(l ammunition, and was Joine(t by part of Companies ID, F, ammd I. While issuing ammunition I re- ceived orders from Major-General Grant to advance immediately, an Page 131 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, 011 SHILOH, TENN. 131 ordering Companies B and C, who were armed with rifles and were then unable to procure cartridges of a suitable caliber, to remain until they procured them and rejoin the regiment, I immediately moved for- ward, taking the first road to the left, until I found a line, and formed on its right, opening fire on the enemy, where I remained until ordered to retire and form on the left of a battery of heavy guns placed behind corn sacks. IL held that position until I received orders from General Grant to advance and deploy skirmishers and feel of the enemy. 1 advanced some hundred yards or more, deploying Company A, Captain Grant, with instructions to find the enemy, and remained until the bat- teries in my rear opened fire, when I returned to the rear of the bat- teries, and remained until ordered to advance and support a battery l)lace(l on the left of the heavy guns before mentioned. Here I detailed 12 men from Company G and ordered them to take charge of two 12- pounder howitzers which I found without officers or men, and which they used with good effect. I remained in this position until the enemy were repulsed and during the night. On the morning of the 7th I received orders from General Grant to move out on the main road leading from the river and to take the first road leading to the left, and to advance until I found the line. After marching about a mile and a half I found a heavy gun which was playing upon the enemy. I immediately formed on its left in support and remained until ordered to move to the right and front, where I formed in line of battle, when I received orders from General llurlbut to advance and deploy skirmishers to the left and front. I immediately advanced, deploying Company B to the left and Company A to the front. The firing after some time becoming more remote, I recalled my skirmishers and remained in line of battle until ordered to return to my camp. With but few individual exceptions all my officers and men con- ducted themselves with the greatest gallantry. I make special men- tion of Capt. John C. Marven, of Company K, who rose from a sick bed, not having been able to do duty for ninety days. Respectffilly submitted. WILLIAM HALL, Lic~ttenant- Colonel Eleventh Regt. Iowa Volunteers, Gomdg. Lient. C. CADLE, Jr., A. A. A. G., First Brig., First Div., Army of the Tennessee. No. 10. Report of (ol. Mareellus M. Crocker, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry. HDQRS. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY VOLS., Gamp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 8, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Thirteenth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry in the engagement with the enemy on the 6th and 7th instant. Early in the morning of the 6th the alarm was given, and heavy firing in the distance indicated that our camp was attacked. The regiment was formed in front of its color line, its fkmll force consisting of 717 men, rank and file. It was at once ordered to form on the lef Page 132 132 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. of the Second Brigade, and l)roceeded to that position at a double- quick, and was then formed in line of battle in a skirt of woods bor- dering on an open field to the left of a battery. Here it remained fdr some time inactive, while the enemys guns were ~)laying on our bat- tery. In the mean time a laroc force ot the enemys infantry were filing around the open field in front of our line, protected by the woods and in the direction of our battery, opening a heavy lire of musketry on the infantry stationed omi our right and charging upon the battery. The infantry and battery to the right having given way, and the enemy advancing at double-quick, we gave them one round of musketry and also gave way. At this time weas, indeed, all our troops in the im- mediate vicinity of the batterywere thrown into great confusion, and retired in disorder. Having retired to the distance of 100 or 200 yards we succeeded in rallying and forming a good line, the Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois Volunteers on our left, and having fronted to the emiemy, held our position there under a continual fire of caminon and niusketry until after 12 oclock, when we were ordered to retire and take up a new position. This we did in good order an(l without con- fusion. here, having formed a new line, we maintained it under incessant fire until 4.30 oclock p. in., the men conducting themselves with great gallantry and coolness, and doing great execution on the enemy, repulsing charge after charge, and driving them back with great loss. At 4.30 oclock p. m. we were again ordered to fall back. In obeying this order we became mixed Hi) with a great number of regiments fidhing back in confusion, so that our line was broken and the regiment cry difficult to collect it- but fi separated, renderiim o it v , nally, having succeeded in forming, and being separated from the brP~ade, we at- tached ourselves to the division commanded by Colonel Tuttle, of the Second Iowa Volunteers, and formed with his division in front of the encampment of the Fourteenth, Second, amid Seventh Iowa Volunteers, where it sustained a heavy fire from the enemys battery until dark, and there remained during the night on our arms. During the day we were under fire of the enemy for ten hours, and sustained a loss of 23 killed and 130 wounded. On the morning of the 7th we were ordered to continue with Colonel Tuttles division and to follow up and support our forces that were attacking and drivimig back the enemy. We followed them up closely, moving to sul)port the batteries until the enemy was ronted, after which we were ordered to return to the encampment that we had left on Sunday mornimmg, where we arrived at 8 oclock p. m. Our total loss iii the action of the 6th and 7th is~ Killed 94; wounded, 139; missing, 9; total. I 72.* The men for the most part behaved with great gallantry, amid the officers exhibited the greatest bravery an(l coolness; and I call especial attention to the gallaimt con- duct of my field officers, Lieutenant-Colonel Price and Major Shane, who were both wounded in the action of the 6th, and acknowledge my great obligations to my adjutant, Lientenant Wilson. WI] o dtiriimg the entire action exhibited the highest qualities of a soldier. Respectfully, & c., M. M. CROCKER Golonel Thirteenth Iowa Infantry. C. CADLE, Jr.,A.A.A. G., First Brigade, First Division. * But see revised statement, p. 100, and division return, p. 123 Page 133 CRAP. XXU.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 133 No. 11. Report of Col. C. Carroll Mar8h, Twentieth Illinois Infantry, command ing AS~eeond Brigade. HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRBI~ADE, FIRST DIVISION, Pitlsburg, fl7enn., April 10, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the move- ments of my command during the engagement of the 6th and 7th in- stant: My brigade consisted of the Eleventh Illinois Infantry, Lieut. Col. T. E. G. Ransom commanding; the Twentieth Illinois Infantry, Lieut. Col. E. Richards commanding; the Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry, Col. Ishain N. Haynie counnanding, and the Forty-fifth Illinois Infantry, Col. John E. Smith commandii~g. By an order from the general coin- manding the district the artillery and cavalry heretofore attached to the brigade were removed on the 5th instant. All the regiments in my brigade, having suffered more or less severely at the battle of IDonelson, were reduced in numbers, so that though nominally a full brigade, I took into action but 1,514, officers and men. On Sunday morning, the 6th instant, a little before 7 oclock, I heard considerable musketry on the left ot our line. This continuing without material interruption for some time, I ordered regimental commanders to be in readiness to form. In a few moments I received an order from Major-General MeClernand to form the brigade. Soon after forming I was ordered to the support of General Sherman, who was reported to have been attacked by a very superior force. Moving rapidly to the left I was assigned a position by General McClernand, which I had scarcely assumed when the enemy were seen al)proaching in large force and fine style, column after column moving on us with a steadiness and precision which I had scarcely anticipated. General MeClernand then ordered forward a battery (Burrows) to the center of the brigade, which had not fairly taken position when the enemy opened on us with a most terrible and deadly lire, ummequaled by any which we were under during the subsequemit engagements of the da.y and Monday. During the first five miuntes I lost more in killed and wounded than in all the other actions. Lieutenant-Colonel Ransom. and Major Nevins, of the Eleventh, Major Bartleson, of the Twentieth, Colonel Haynie and Lieutenant-Colonel Sanford, of the Forty-eighth, with numerous officers of the line, were here wounded. The effi~ct of losing so many field officers so suddenly was soon felt, the Forty-eighth yielding first, soon followed by the other regiments of the brigade. In spite of my efforts to compel them to stamid they fell back, and with a precipitancy as mortifyimig as it was unusual, and only to be accounted for by the loss of so many of their officers; for in all subsequemit engagements in which we took part their conduct was such as to meet my hearty approval. Moving a short distance to the rear, I succeeded in rallying the rent- nant of the Eleventh, Twentieth, and Forty-eighth. Here Lieutenant- Colonel Ransom, of the Eleventh, who had beemi severely wounded imm the head, having had his wound slightly (lressed, took commnan(l of his regiment. Here too, portions of the Seventeenth, Major Smith COW- manding, and the Forty-ninth, Lieutenant-Colonel Pease commanding, of the Third Brigade, united with me. In a few momnents I received orders to move forward to the smmpport of Taylors battery, plamited in ft-out of the line of the Fii-st Brigade camp. This I did, forming omi the left of the First Brigade. Moving forward with them, and in face of Page 134 134 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. severe fire, we succeeded in slowly driving back the enemy for half a mile to the extreme left of my own camp, silencing a section of artillery planted in rear of General MeClernands quarters, killing all the horses on both guns and caissons. The enemy being heavily re-enforced and my ammunition running short ,1 was forced to fall back without bring- ing off the guns, but on regaining l)ossession of our camp on Monday morning the guns were found in the same position, and are now in our pOssesSion. During this attack Lieutenant-Colonel Richards, commandin~ the Twentieth Illinois, was wounded. Fresh troops of ours having passed to the front, I equalized the am- munition of my command, and again moved forward, joined by the Forty-fifth, of my brigade, and engaged the enemy till I had exhausted all my cartridges. At this time, niy command having been reduced to a. merely nominal one, I received orders to fall a short distance to the rear and form a new line, (letaining all stragglers, portions of coin- mands, and commands which should attempt. to pass. In obedience to this, though with some difficulty as regarded portions of some com- mands, whose officers seemed little inclined to halt short of the river (this was particularly the case with the Thirteenth Missouri, whose colonel refused to remain till threatened with arrest), I had gathered (luite a force, and formed a line near the camp of the Second Division, concealing my men in the timber, facing an open field. I here requested Colonel lQavis, of the Forty-sixth Illinois Inlantry, to take position on my right, He promptly and cheerfully responded. I shall have fur- ther occasion to mention the gallant conduct of this officer in the course of my report. Having formed my line, I obtained at once supplies of ammunition and provisions. In a short time General MeClernand, with portions of the First and Third Brigades of his own division, and two regiments of Ohio troops, canie up and formed on the left of the line I had already established. The enemys infantry sooii approached our front to a short distance beyond the open field before mentioned and their cav- alry were hovering upon the hills in our front. General McClernand then ordered forward a battery to the turn of a road near the center of our line, and opened upon the enemy. This was soon replied to by one of their batteries. For some time during the shelling my men lay on the ground in line of battle, and little damage was done by their artillery which soon ceased. During this fire Adjt. J. E. Thompson, of the Twentieth Illinois In- Thutry, acting as my aide, was killed, and one of my orderlies had his horse shot under him. These are the only casualties that came under my observation. Shortly after this a severe cannonading was commenced on the ex- treme left, which continued uninterruptedly till darkness ended the fight for the day. Being notified that we would hold this I)ositiOn during the night, I threw out a large party of skirmishers, and instructed my command to lay on their arms in line, to be ready for any emergency that might occur. Wearied with the several struggles of the day they gladly seized this opportunity for a little rest, but a drenching rain soon setting in prevented munch sleep. Their hardships, however, were boriie with ex- emplary patience. At daylight on Monday morning the men in line were supplied with some provisions. While this was being done firing opened on our right, afterwards ascertained to come from a portion. of General Lewi Page 135 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 135 Wallaces command. Directly afterwards firing commenced to our left and front, both artillery and musketry, supposed by me to be a portion of General Buells command, who I had been informed during the night had taken position on our left and considerably in advance. I now received orders from General McClernand to throw out skir- inishers and follow with my whole command. This I did in the follow- ing order: The Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry on the right, joined in suc- cession by the remnants of the Forty-eighth, Twentieth, Seventeenth, Forty-ninth, Forty-third, Forty-fifth Illinois, and the Fifty-third and a portion of one other Ohio regiment on the extreme left of the line. Moving steadily forward for half a mile I discovered a movement of troops on the hill, nearly a quarter of a mile in front. Dispatching scouts to ascertain who they were, they were met by a message from Colonel Smith commanding a brigade of the Third Division, informing me that he would take position on the right and wait my coming up. Meantime a section of McAllisters battery had been brought forward to the hill in our rear, and threw a few shells on the hills in advance as feelers. Moving on, I halted the line on the hill immediately in rear of the camp of the First Brigade of our own division. From here the rebels were seen moving through the timber opposite the parade ground in considerable force. ~As soon as l)osSible two 24-pounders were brought up the hill and opened fire on them. Soon after a bat- tery on the left of General Lewis Wallaces division also opened. Both batteries were replied to, and a sharp cannonading kept up for some time. During this firing a junction was made with the troops of Gen- eral ilurlbut on our left, and I received orders to move obliquely across the field to the timber opposite. Crossing this field, in pursuance of orders, I took my position on the edge of the timber, receiving very little annoyance from the enemy in crossing. It was my desire here to charge and capture the batteries that had been annoying us, but when about to give the necessary orders the Ohio troops on my left, without any apparent cause, broke and ran in a manner that can only be stigmatized as disgraceful and cowardly. Despite all my efforts, and those of General MeClernand and staff, they crossed the field and sought protection in rear of the timber. Their oflicers, instead of sec- onding the efforts made to rally the soldiers, set them an example of spee(l iu flying from the enemy that even Floyd might envy. So dis- gusted was 1 with their conduct that I asked General McClernand to order them off the field, which he did. Frustrated in my designs upon the rebel battery by this movement, I reformed, and moving slightly to the left, emigaged the enemy in a severe struggle, driving him steadily but slowly before us. He made several desperate efforts to force my right and J)artially succeeded, but fresh troops coming promptly up our advantage was held, and the camp of the First I)ivisiomi was again our own. During this last charge Colonel I)avis, of the Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, commanding my right, was mortally wounded while bravely and gallantly leading and cheering his men on against very superior odds. The tiniber which had been felled in front of our camnp to clear ~ a parade ground was gathered by the rebels during Sunday night and a breastwork comnposed of it, which was made use of to our consider- able disadvantage. From this time the retreat of the rebels was unceasing, and about 4 p. in. I received orders to occupy my own camnp, which I soon did. Where so many behaved in a muanuer worthy of commendation it is difficult for a commander to make selections. Lieutenant-Colone Page 136 136 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL Ransom, the gallant commander of the Eleventh illinois, though severely wounded, refused to leave the field, and retained command of his regiment on Sunday. On Monday morning they were detailed on other duty by Major- General Grant. Major Nevins, of the Eleventh, though wounded, still remained with his command. Lieutenant-Colonel Richards, of the Twentieth Illinois, though compelled to leave the field from the severe painfulness of his wound, soon came back, and had positively to be ordered off. Major Bartleson, of the Twentieth, fully sustained his reputation as a gallant soldier, and has sealed his devotion to his country by the loss of an arm. This left the Twentieth from early Sunday niorning in command of senior Captain Frisbie, who has shown himself a brave and efficient officer. Major Mayfield, of the Forty- eighth, thrown in command by the wounding of Colonel ilaynie and Lieutenant-Colonel Sanford, has developed qualities that show hini well fitted for his position. To Col. J. E. Smith and Major Smith, of the Forty-fifth, I am much indebted. Though more fortunate than many of their brother officers in escaping wounds, they were no less ~xposed. A regiment with such officers must be efficient. Adjt. J. E. fhompson, of the Twentieth, acting as my aide, was killed at my side during the cannonading of Sunday evening. He was a brave and excellent officer. Capt. G. W. Kennard, assistant quartermaster of the brigade, was constant in attention to his duties. Through his assist- ance I was able to promptly supply the command with rations on Sun- day imight and Monday morning. Major Smith, of the Seventeenth Illinois, assisted greatly in forming the line omi Sunday evening, and during the engagements of both Sunday and Monday he well sustaimied his former reputation and that of the gallant regiment which he corn- mands. Ad~jutant Ryan, of the same regimnemit, was of great service as acting aide. To Lieutenant Jones, of the division staff, I aiim under many obligations for the promptness with which he supplied me with ammunition. Had a less efficient officer had the matter in charre mmiv record muight have been far more unpleasant. Lient. Harry King, commanding Company G, Twentieth Illinois, employed as skirmishers, proved himself a daring and brave officer. Doubtless many other cases of individual daring occurred which did not meet my eye. And now, sir, I proceed to my most unpleasant duty. The accomn- panying list of killed and woun(led in my little commall(l is itself a sorrowful though proud record of their bravery. Going into action on Sunday morning with but 1,514 officers and mcmi, I have to report 571 killed, wounded, and missing. The few missing show how closely together the brigade remained during the battle. I inclose ~vith this report that of Surgeomi Goodbrake, acting brigade surgeon. * There were taken by my command during the action two brass ti-pounder field pieces, with caissons complete. There have been l)icked up within the limits of my brigade camp 1,~Mi3 rifles, muskets, and shot-guns, a large portion of which bear unmistakable marks of having belonged to the rebels. There have been buried within the same limnits by my comumamid 437 rebels and 115 of our own troops. Congratulating you on the brilliancy of our success, and mourning ~ with you in the loss of so many of our brave troops, I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, C. C. MARSH, Got. Twentieth Illinois Infantry, Gomdg. & eond Brig., First Div. Maj. M. BRAYMAN, A. A. U., First Division. OmitLed; but see revised statement, p. 100, and division return, p. 123 Page 137 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 137 P. S.J would do injustice to my feelings and to a worthy officer did I fail to notice the eminent services of Surgeon Goodbrake, acting brigade surgeon, whose unceasing labors merit my favorable attention. No. 12. Report of l2ieut. Col. Thomas B. G. Ransom, Eleventh illinois Infantry. HEADQUARTERS ELEVENTH INFANTRY, SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, ILLINOIS VOLS., Camp at Pittsburg, Tenn., Aiirii 13, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the move- ments of my command on the 6th and 7th instant: At 7 a. m. on the 6th instant my command, consisting of 225 enlisted men and 14 commissioned officers (one company being absent on l)icket duty), formed the right of the brigade, the Twentieth Illinois being on my left. We moved with the brigade, to a position in rear of the right of the camp of General Shermans division, but immediately changed to a position in the center of sai(l camp, where we formed a line of battle, the right of my regiment resting iiear and Supporting a battery of artil- lery on the hill at my right. The enemy were immediately in front of us in greatly superior force, advancing in four ranks and three columns steadily upon us. When in good range we opened our fire upon them, which was responded to by a terrific lire from their first line. This fire was kept up on both sides and told with fearful effect upon my line. My loss here in ten minutes was very heavy, for during that brief period Captain Carter was mortally wounded, Lieutenai~t Field severely wounded, arid myself, Major Nevins, Captain Coates, and Lieutenant Walrod also wounded. We remained under this fire in this position for a considerable time, when I noticed the line on the left was falling back, and very soomi my own regiment fell back, 1 regret to add, without my order, but they rallied immediately in the reserve, and moving on our camp, rejoine(1 the brigade, when we moved to the camp of the First Brigade, forming a rear line. I was here joined by Adjutant Philips, of the Seventieth Ohio, and 40 of his men, who took the left of my regiment and fought gallantly with irs through the remain(ler of the day. We immediately moved forward and met th~ enemy in rear of the camp of the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois, where we drove them slowly back under a heavy fire, and while a rebel battery was playing upon us we still moved gal- lantly forward. The fire of the Eleventh and Twentieth soon killed and drove away the men and horses of ihis battery. We held this J)051- tion (a fe~v hundred yards from the silenced battery) for a long time, until ordered torward by General MeClernand, who was alone bravely rallying and pushing forward an Ohio regiment on my right, apparently destitute of~ field officers. We moved forward in excellent order a few hundred yards, when the regiment on my right gave way and retreated in great confusion, leaving my little force of about 115 men alniost alone. I immediately fell back to my former position. My horse having been killed in this last attack, and my wound ren- derin g me totally unfit to walk Or even to command, I was taken to the rear. Major Kevins, though suft~ring from a severe wound in the hand, assumed command. The regunent now having become separated fro Page 138 138 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CRAP. XXIL the brigade, lie formed the regiment on the extreme left, where the bat. tie was raging fearfully. His painful wound, however, obliged him to turn over the command to Capt. Lloyd D. Waddell, who, with the lit- tle remnant of our re~riment, now reduced to about 80 men, bore our colors forward into the thickest of the fight, and with his command bore a conspicuous and honorable part in the terrible contest that closed the battle of the 6th instant. On the 7th Major KevinS became sufficiently recovered to resume eomman(l, but the few gallant men left to sustain the honor of the Eleventh were held in reserve by or(ler of General Grant, and bore no conspicuous l)art in the glorious victory of that memorable day. Of the noble bearing of the meu of my command (luring the several engagements they were in on the 6th instant I need not speak. Their numbers were few, they fought long and well, and suffered severely; they added yet brighter laurels to those they so dearly won at Donelson. I cannot fail to mention the gallant Major Kevins, who, though wounded, bravely performed his duty; and Adjutant Dickey, ever cool and courageous, rendered most efficient services; the noble, lamented Captain Carter, commanding Company K, who, with his company, so bravely cut his way through the rebel cavalry at Donelson, was among the tirst to fall on this l)loody field mortally woundeda good man and a true soldier, his loss is irreparable; Captains Waddell and McKee, always at their poststhe latter woundedboth men in the gallant fight of the evening, the Pinrmner commnainling the regiment, are descry - mug of my grateful acknowledgments; Captain Coates, who rejoined the regiment on the morning of the Gt1 but partially recovered fromn a severe illness, was wounded early, remained with his commuand, an(l was par- ticularly distinguished; Lieutenant Field, commanding Company A, whose coolness and bravery has always made his comumaud invincible, was bormie to the rear (luring the first en ~a emnent severely, au(l I fear mortally, wounded; Lieutenants l)oane, McWilliams, Town, ilapem an, and Wairod all distinguished themselves by their brave amid gallant bearimig; Lieutenant I)eane, commanding Company D, added new laurels to those lie won at Fort Donelsonwhen the colors fell from the hands of the wounded bearer he was first to seize amid bear them on with the reiment~ Acting Quartermaster Goodrich, ever faithful to his a brave soldier, was shot by mny side through the head. trust, To the gallant Adjutant Philips, of the Seventieth Ohio, and his 40 l)rave men, I am under obligations for their support to our decimuated line. I need only say their noble bearing while under mny command is deserving the highest praise. Their regiment and State may well feel I)romid of them. I also desire to mention Sergeant-Major Blake and the color guard for their brave and meritorious conduct. I cannot close, sir, without offering my congratulations to the colonel commanding the brigade for the glorious victory achieved by our forces here and the distinguished part borne by himself I append herewith a list of the casualties in my command on the 6th amid 7th instant.* Hespectiully submitted. 1 have the honor to remain your, obedient servant, T. E. G. I~ANSOM, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Eleventh Illinois Imifantry. Lient. E. P. BOAS, A. A. A. G., Second Brig., First Div., Ill. Im~fantry. Embodied in revised sta:ement, v. 100. See also division return, p. 123 Page 139 CHAP. XXJI.J PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 139 No. 13. Report of Lieut. Abram 11. Ryan, Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Third Brigade. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRR~ADE, FIRST DIVISION, Camp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 14, 1862. The following is a report of the Third Brigade, First Division, Col. L. F. Ross, Se~enteentli Reghnent Illinois Infantry, commanding, for the 6th and 7th days of April, 1862: On the morning of the 6th instant I was sent for by Colonel Rearden, Twenty-ninth Regiment illinois Volnuteer Infantry, commanding bri- gade. Upon reporting to huin he stated that owing to ill-health he was unable to command the brigade. While conversing with him heavy firing was heard in the front and on our left. Colonel Rearden ordered me to report to Colonel Raith, Forty-third Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry (next senior officer of the brigade), his condition, ai~d request him to assmne command, and then to report to Major-General McCler- nand time condition of the brigade. These orders were complied with. On rcjoining the brigade it was advammced to the encampment of Gen- eral Shermans division. Wheli all was ready for action I rode to the front mear Taylors battery, and found nothing intervening between us an(l the enemy except a line of skirmishem-s and Taylors battery. While reconnoitering my horse received a ball through the neck, forcing inc back to the main line. I rCl)orted to Captain Barrett, commanding battery, that his support had left him, and, pointing out the position of the brigade, told him to call upon it if hard pressed. Returning to the brigade I reported to Colonel Raith time condition of affiuirs, who directed me to find the position of the Second Brigade, which I found on our left and rear, commanded by Colonel Marsh, of time Twentieth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and with it Major- General McClernand, supervising its movements. On reporting to him he ordered the Third Brigade to fall back and form on the right of the Second. Returning to the brigade, and not finding Colonel Raith, I gave the necessary orders for the movement. The right of the brigade retained its position, the left falling back in good order, though fighting the enemy stel) by step. They understood what the movement was for, and exeented it accordingly. Upon reaching the ground that the Second Brigade had occupied we discovered that it had changed its position. We, however, retained the l)Osition, hotly pressed by the enemy, till in danger of being flanked on the left, Colonel Raith being engaged in another portion of the field. Seeing no supl)ort, 1 gave the necessary orders and fell back, fighting the enemy 5te1) by step, and formed on a line with some troops in our rear. Major Schwartz here requested that a portion of the brigade be detached to support his battery. The Seventeenth Illinois Regiment was detailed for that purpose, and remained until the battery limbered up an(l changed position. A fewr minutes afterward Colonel Raith fell mortally wounded. He was immediately carried to the rear by four of his own men. I accompanied hini a short distance to receive orders, & c. When I returned the Twenty-ninth and Forty-ninth Regiments had fallen to the rear, having expended their ammunition. The remainder of the brigade continued the fight until their ammunition gave out like- wise, when they were ordered to the rear for a new supply. On gaining the encampment of the First Brigade, First Division, Lieutenant of Taylors battery, requested a detail of men to assist in working th Page 140 140 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. battery, many of his own men having fallen. J immediately detailed 20 men from the Seventeenth Illinois Regiment and reported them to Cap- tain Barrett, commanding battery. Searching through the encampment of the Eighth Illinois Regiment, I found ammunition and carried it to the brigade, but it proved to be of a wrong caliber. Learning that it could be used by the Eleventh Regiment illinois Volunteer Infantry, I turned it over to Colonel Ransom, commanding. After waiting a while, and no ammunition coining up, I fell back to meet the train. As I could do no farther good remaining with the train, 1 rode forward to hurry up ammunition. Meeting with Lient. C. C. Williams~ brigade quartermaster, he gallantly volunteered to bring for- ward a train, designating a field where to meet the regiments. Wheim I returned I found that the regiments had 1)een separated. 1-lalting the advance, I eventually succee(le(l in getting the Seventeenth, Forty- third and Forty-ninth Regiments into line, when Quartermaster Williams returned with an ammunition train, under the (lirection of Lieutenant Jones, ordnance officer, First l)ivision, who, supplying the men with whatever was necessary, gallantly moved with his train to the front. After getting everything in readiness for action I reported to Lien- tenant-Colonel Wood, Seventeenth Illinois Regiment, who coin mnanded the brigade the remainder of the day. For its operations during that time I would refer you to Lieutenant-Colonel Wood and to the report of Colonel Marsh, who commanded the brigade on the 7th instant. I cannot close this report, general, without refrrring to some of the officers and meu of this brigade. To Colonel Raitb, of the Forty-third Illinois Regiment, who fell early in the action, while gallantly and bravely discharging the duties of brigade comnmnander, and in his loss know that our cause has lost one of its best and bravest defenders; but while (leploring his loss we cannot but admire the heroism and patriot- ism always exhibited by him, even to the shedding of his last drop of blood upon the altar of his adopted country for the preservation of its dearly- loved Constitution and laws. To Lieutenant-Colonel Pease, Forty- ninth Illinois Regiment, who commanded his regimnent during the entire contest with great coolness and discretion. To Capt. Josiah Moore, Company F, Seventeenth Illinois Regiment, who distinguished himself by darimig bravery on the battle-field, as did also, with but few excep- tions, the whole command. To Brigade Surg. L. D. Kellogg, who merits the thanks of all for his untiring endeavors to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded, remaining in the hospital when all other surgeons fled, seeking no rest till exhahsted nature claimed her own. To Secretaries Radford and Bassett, who l)reserved all books and papers belonging to the various departments of the brigade. The brigade went into actiomi with an aggregate of about 1,650 men; repOrte(1 loss, killed, wounded, amid missing, 834 mnen.* For full particu- lars see reports of regimental commanders. Yours, respectfully, A. II. RYAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. Maj. Gen. JOHN A. MCCLEIINAND. * But see revised statement, p. 100, & nd division return, p. 123 Page 141 CHAP. Xxii.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 141 No. 14. Report of Lieut. Got. linos P. Wood Seventeenth Illinois linfantry. Early on the morning of the 6th of April heavy firing was heard in our frotit, but thinking it proceeded from our pickets, very little atten- tion was l)aid to it, except to order the men to be ready to fall in at a moments notice. About 7.30 a. m. notice came that we were really, attacked, when our long roll beat,~and the regiment, about 400 strong, fell in promptly. After waiting a time for orders, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General Ryan came with orders from Colonel Raith (who was in command of our brigade by seniority) to move to the left of Sher- mans division, our regiment forming the right of the Third Brigade. In this position our regiment rested behind the encampment of an Ohio regiment, our left in a ravine. A section of some battery and a few skirmishers were already fightiiig in our front. After a time the enemy seemed to give back here an(l we could see them on the opposite hill deploying men and forming heavy columns of regiments, which very soon commenced to advance. Our front was now ordered to be changed obliquely on our right, throwing the entire left of our brigade back, so as to be clear of the ravine. Very soomi the enemy made his appearance, and our boys opened fire on hiixm, doing fine execution. Our fire seemed to check their advance for a short time, when they again advanced, and as they seemed to be flanking ns on the left our regiment changed front again and moved obliquely to the left, the regiment on our right having given way and fallen entirely to our rear. The enemy now took l)Os- session of the battery in front of our left, about 200 yards distant, and l)lanting their colors on one of the guns, Lieijtenant Davis. of Company K, seized a musket, which had just fiilleii from the hands of one of his wounded men, aimed it at the rebel color-bearer and fired, when he fell to the ground~ but the colors were soou replaced, and the enemy con- tinued slowly to advance. At this juncture the ordei~ came to fall back an(l form a continuous line with the division on our right and about 5() or 60 yards in our rear, which was effected in good order, still pouring in a terrific fire on the advancing foe. Major Schwartz now requested my regiment to support his battery, which we promf)tly did until lie was obliged to limber up and moved off~ without losing a gun. In the mean time the regiments on our right an(l left had Thilen back nearly a hundred yards, when I ordered my men to fall back and form in line again, this move being executed in good order. I found that we must move over the hill to have ran~e on the enemy as they advanced up the opposite side. I consequently pushed my own regiment about 20 or 30 yards in advance of the line, where they could have bill play as the enemy advanced. The regi- nients on our right failing to advance with us to our support, our boys stood their ground well and bravely, (loing good execution with their fire until I found we were entirely unsupported both on our right and left, when I again gave the order to Ihil back. As we came up to form in line the regiments on our right and left broke up in great confusion. Our ammunition being nearly gone, and having no support, I felt compelled to order a retreat. Facing by the rear rank we moved back near the first field, when I gave the order to move by the left flank, now become our right. The men not all under- standing the order alike, here the regiment was for the first time thrown into some confusion. Having lost my horse in the early part of th Page 142 142 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ECHAP. XXII. engagement, and being on foot and also quite weak from previous illness, I could do but little to remedy this. 1, however, ordered Major Smith to ride on in advance and halt and form our men at the first convenient j)lace, and when I came up found the major had succeeded in getting most of our regiment into line. At this point I found Colonel Marsh, with the remnants of his regiment; also the remains of the Fifteenth Illinois and some batteries of artillery. Major Taylor not having men enough to work his guns, I detailed all that were left of Company G, of the Seventeenth, about 20 men, to assist his batteries, and after consulting with ray officers decided to move oIl nearer the river and get a new supply of ammunition. This was about noon. I now learned that Colonel iRaith had been wounded and taken oft the field, leaving me the ranking officer in the brigade, and consequently devoted my attention to gathering up all that remained of our coinniand. At 2 oclock I had succeeded in getting some 500 of the Seventeenth, Forty-ninth, amid Forty-third together, and at the request of General Sherman moved them out and formed again on his extreme left. One of the Chicago batteries immediately took up position directly in front and opened fire upon the enemys line, which we could distinctly see about 400 yards distant. I now deployed my men down a ravine under the fire of our bat. teries, and formed them into line in a cross ravine, out of sight of the enemy, and advanced cautiously up the intervemming ridge until I had them in full view. Here I got in a mimuber of telling volleys, when you came down along our lines from the left and informed us we were unsupported on our left, and ordered us to retire in good order to our old position in rear of the Chicago battery and on General Shermans left. The fight between the enemy and the battery in our front soomi became quite exciting, but our battery seeming to get the worst of it and a number of their horses having been (lisable(l, they were coin- pelled to fall back and leave one of their guns, which was promptly and bravely brought off by our boys. Thus ended the fight for the day as far as we ~vere concerned. Our orders were to lay on our arms in our places, with which our men com- plied without a murmur. About 10 oclock p. m. I was taken with a severe ague chill, which obliged me to leave the field and seek assistance, leaving my command to Major Smith, who will report to you the labors of the second (lay. Both men and officers behaved with great coolness and bravery through the whole day, remaining under the severe fire without flinch- ing, and always promptly advancing at the word of command. Respectfully, E. P. WOOD, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Seventeenth Illinois Infantry. General JOHN A. MCCLERNAND, Comdg. First Division. No. 15. Report of Lient. Gol. Adolph Engelmann, Forty-third Illinois Infantry. IIDQRS. FORTY-TIIIImD IIEGYNIENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April , 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the part taken by the Forty-third Regimnent Illinois Volunteers in the bloody battles of April 6 and 7 Page 143 CHAP. XXII.] PlTTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 143 On Sunday morning, April 6, at the request of Col. J. IRaith. then commanding the regiment, I called upon General McClernand for per- mission to fire off the guns of our men, which were still loaded from the evening of April 4, when the pieces had been loaded in expectatioii of an attack by the enemy. The permission was granted, but the gen- eral directed that we should keep a sharp lookout for any engagement in front of us, and that iu case anything be heard he be instantly in- formed of it. But two of our companies had discharged their guns, when the colonel, hearing the distant report of fire-arms, ordered firing to cease and the regiment to get ready for action, and also directed me to report the facts to General McClernand. The general then sent me to Colonel iRearden, commanding Third Brigade, with orders for him to hold the brigade in readiness for action. Colonel IRearden, however, was ill, and requested me to inform Colonel Raith that he, being the next oldest and only col- onel in the brigade now present, should assume command. In the mean time Colonel IRaith had formed the Forty-third IR~giment, the command of which now devolved upon me, whilst Colonel Raith, without any aides, or even any mounted orderlies, to assist him, found himself sud- denly in command of a brigade, of which as yet but one regiment had got ready for the engagement, and the enemy already within a few hundred yards of our lines, but still concealed by the forest and steadily driving our own troops ~u front of us toward our lines. As ordered by Colond IRaith, I l)roceeded to the encampment of the Forty-ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, which was some distance to our left, with orders for that regiment to turn out instantly, brisk firing being then heard within a short distance from its color line, but those from whom it proceeded still concealed by the forest. My orders to turn out were met by the inquiry, For what purpose? And to my response, That it was to meet the enemy which was engaged with our troops but a short distance in front, they said that the firing thei~ heard was none other th~in our own men firing off their pieces. The infatua- tion that no enemy was about was so general, that I was also to a great extent affected by it, and rode forward in the direction from which the firing proceeded to obtain certainty. Not more than 200 yards in front of the Forty-ninth I came upon our own lines, then briskly engaged with the enemy. Hastening back to the Forty-ninth, I found that as yet little heed had been given to my previous orders to turn out. Upon communicating these facts to the officers that reginient was speedily paraded, but only in time to find itself pressed hard in front and flanked on the left by vastly superior numbers of the Confederate Army. Having thoroughly aroused the Forty-ninth, I hastened back to my own regiment. The color line immediately in front of the encainpment being but a poor position to await the enemy in, the regiment was ordered about 100 yards forward, where it took a position sheltered by the brow of a hill and to the left of a battery stationed on the right and that dis- tance to the front of our encampment. The two flank companies were now thrown out as skirmishers forward and to the left of our lines, the enemy crowding upon us in apparently great numbers from that direc- tion. The enemy still advancing, so that we would soon have been ex- posed to a raking flank fire from the left, the now two right companies (F and D)were detached, to remain as a support of the battery. At this tinme large numbers of our own troops belonging to the divisions (Shermans and Prentiss) heretofore in front of us, retired through our lines, and it was impossible to induce them to rally upon us, while the remaining companies changed direction on the eighth company to the rear, an Page 144 144 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. firing by the rear rank for some time, gallantly withstood a vastly supe- rior lorce of the enemy. Being here compelled to give way by the enemy passing beyond our right and left flanks and crowding upon ns rn front, we fell back npon the battery. This having exhausted its ammunition and lost several of its horses, being exposed to a galling fire both from large masses of infantry and two of the enemys batteriesone placed in position near the meeting-house and the other near the encampment of the Forty- ninthwithdrew, leaving two of its pieces on the field, the efforts of our men to draw them away by hand proving unavailing on the soft and ascending ground. The enemy steadily advancing and the position ~Theing vei~ unfavorable for infantry, the brigade, which here had be- come united, fell back toward the road leading east and west through the encampment of the First Division. The brigade was rallied by its gallant commander, Col. Julius Raith, and formed in support of several pieces of Schwartzs battery, here placed in position, and after a short pause the enemy again pressed upon us in vastly superior numbers. here Major Schwartz was wounded and Colonel Raith received a Minie ball through his right thigh. The resistance here for some time was desperate, the support to the right of the battery having fallen back and the artillerists being also compelled to abandon their pieces. However, the Forty-third Regi- ment maintained its position to the left of the battery for some time, till the enemys fire, flanking from the right, compelled it again to fall back. Here again some of the men assist~d Lieutenant Nispel, of Schwartzs battery, in the attempt to take off one of the pieces by hand, but were again defeated by the softness of the soil, after having dragged it a distance of about a quarter of a mile, Colonel Raith hav- ing been given in charge of 4 men to carry him from the field, suffering intensely, the bone being completely shattered. After being carried a short distance, overcome by pain, lie insisted on being left on the field, telling the men that they could be of more service to the regiment in the ranks than carrying off a disabled officer. At his urgent entreaties and commands they left him, and Colonel IRaith laid thus exposed through the entire day and stormy night that followed, with no other assistance than was given hiiu by the passing enemy, who ou the fol- lowing morning carried him into a tent, from which sonic hours after- ward, the position having again fallen into our possession, he was removed to the river bank, and on Sunday morning into the steamer Hannibal, where his leg was amputated on Wednesday morning; but he was too munch exhausted from exposure and loss of blood, and died on Friday evening at 11 oclock. In him the army lost one of its bravest officers. Having fallen back through the timber in front of the encampment of the First Division, it again formed in line forward of and to the right of General Oglesbys headquarters. The ammunition of the regiment being almost completely exhausted, I sent one of the officers, with sev- eral men, to procure a supply, but before that officer could rejoin us the re giinent was ordered forward by Captain Hammond, of General Sher- mans staff; and advanced in double-quick past the battery planted in front of General Oglesbys encampment. Being placed in the center of the line of attack, it advanced steadily and fearlessly upon the enemys batteries, then planted near General MeClernauds headquarters. With- in a short distance of the enemy the regiments to our right and left came to a halt and opened their fire. The Forty-third still advanced closer upon the enemy, but reduced in numbers, and its supports having com Page 145 CHAP. XXII.~ PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN 145 to a halt, it too had to stop, it being impossible for it to advance alone on the dense masses in front. The ammunition now being entirely exhausted, the men gathered a scant supply from the killed and wounded of the enemy, who here covered the ground thickly. The troops of the enemy opposed to us having been armed with the Enfield rifle, their ammunition being of English make and excellent quality, it could be used in our muskets. The men being cheered on by General McClernand, who was present in the thickest of the fight, for a long period maiiitained a fearful con- flict, that cost great numbers on both sides. Our lines again giving way, the regiment retired down the branch on which the conflict had raged, and in the open field below again formed on the right of the Twentieth Illinois Regiment. Being altogether out of ammunition, I again sent for a supply, but none being found, and the supply which had been promised Colonel Marsh failing to arrive, we were again compelled to retire as the enemy advanced. We now fell back by degrees, and a new line being formed, we found ourselves posted between the Forty-sixth Illinois and Thir- teenth Missouri, our position being midway between the encampments of the Forty-sixth and Ninth Illinois. We here succeeded in getting a fresh supply of ammunition. The men, totally exhausted, lay heedless to the shower of shot and shell that passed ovet their heads. In this position we passed the night. Early the next morning we were ordered forward by General Sher- man, and advanced again to the rear of the left of the First Brigade, Fir8t Division, where we were placed in position by General MeCler- nand towards the left of the line then forming for attack, the Thirteenth Missouri being still to our left. We remained in this position for some time during the heavy cannonade between the batteries in our line and those of the enemy, when our lines were ordered forward and to the left in oblique direction. We advanced thus to the timber in front of the right of the encampment of the Second Brigade, when the lines came to a halt. The Thirteenth Missouri Was here drawn off by the left flank, and after a- short pause the whole line received orders also to move by the left flank. This movement had hardly been undertaken when the enemy opened a sharp fire upon u~ from the front of the position we had just left and also appeared in great numbers in a direct line with our left flank. The line fell back in great confusion to the ravine in the rear of the First and Second Brigades, but were here promptly rallied, and after a short pause again ordered forward, first up the ravine and then again by the left flank into the timber but to the front of the enemys battery, then planted a short distance to the east of General MeClernands headquar- ters. The lines now coming to a front advanced steadily upon the enemy, driving back his infantry, which had been advanced some dis- tance in front of the line of his battery. Here a number of the enemy that had been unwilling to fall back were made prisoners. After a pro- tracted and embittered struggle our lines were called back, fresh troops taking our places. In the rear of these the remnants of the Forty-third were rallied, totally worn out and exhausted. After a short repose the Forty-third followed after our advancing columns and marched back to its encampment, where we met General MeClernand and reported to him, whilst the shells of the retreating enemy were still bursting among the tree-tops. Of the 500 men that on Sunday morning marched out with the regi- 10 R RVOL Page 146 146 h Y., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL ment 206 were left, in killed and wounded, on the field, proving the desperation of the conflict and bearing testimony to the conduct of the men.* With high regards, ADOLPH ENGELMANN, Lieutenant-Colonel Forty-third Regiment illinois Volunteers. Lieut. A. II. RYAN, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 16. Report of Lieut. George L. Nispel, Battery B, Second illinois Light Artit. lery. IIDQUS. COMPANY E, SECOND REST. ILL. LIGhT ART., Camp near Pittsburg, Teun., April 11, 1862. SIR: In accordance with orders I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing report, showing the part taken in the late battle of the 6th and 7th instant by the company I had the honor to command: On the morning of the 6th instant, the company being on the drill ground, I received au order from Major Schwartz to prepare for imme- diate action. I arose from my sick couch, mounted my horse, and took command. At fifteen minutes of 8 oclock a. m. the battery, under the direction of Major Schwartz, took a position on General 5hermans right wing. The enemy opened a heavy fire on us from the opposite hill, which we returned with effect silencing three of his guns in twenty minutes. Observing the euem~s infantry approaching in mass, my attention was directed to arrest them, when the enemy opened ou us again from another battery to cover the advance of his infantry upon our lines. u.s fire was somewhat destructive, killing 1 man, wounding 3, and killing 5 horses. Major Schwartz, perceiving the infantry on our flanks was falling back, gave the order to limber to the rear. One of my pieces having been disabled, the trail being shot off, 11 was forced to abandon it. The enemys infantry, coming quickly forward, occupied the position just abandoned by us (oar whole first line was in retreat). Major Schwartz, wishing to hold this position, ordered me, with the three pieces remaining, to take a position farther to the left and near the church, to prevent, if possible, the enemys approach, whose inten- tions evidently were to force it. We opened on him with canister, doing good execution, and causing a wavering in his ranks and considerable confusion. His artillery opened on us again to cover his infantry. The position could have been held had we been supported, but finding that the line had again fallen back, our horses were being shot down, and that we would be cut off, I ordered Lieutenant Dengel, with the first section, to take a position within the retreating line. Major Schwartz brought the Thirty-fourth and Forty-thir~JJllinoi5 Regiments to charge on the enemy, and while leading them in person was severely wounded. Our whole line was falling back. Here the horses on the third piece were shot down by the infantry, and we were between our troops and the enemy. With the assistance of my 5 canuoneers I righted the car- riage and hauled the piece by hand some distance. Seeing the enemy still gaining on me, and not wishing him to use my piece against our own forces, I spiked and left it. In the mean time Lieutenant Carter Bat see revised statement, p. 100, and division return, p. 123 Page 147 CUAP. XXIIJ PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 147 had brought off all the caissons but one, which he was compelled to abandon. All this was done in the face of the enemy and under a heavy fire. I found the remainder of my battery near Colonel Ogiesbys headquar- ters. Major Taylor, having assumed command of the artillery, ordered me, with my howitzer and one of his, to take a position on a slight elevation. We did so, and fired upon the enemy, but not doing much execution, soon ceased. The enemy was concealed among the woods. We next took position on the parade ground, by Major Taylors order, and fired on the enemys artillery and infantry for about three-quar- ters of an hour, when I ordered the howitzer back, because the ammu- nition was exhausted. The enemy advancing nearer, Major Taylor ordered me to take my battery toward the Landing, which I did, and iested my exhausted men and teams a short time, when 1 received an order from you to take a position on the right of the siege guns and support them So soon as I had taken the positiou assigned me I ordered Lieutenant Carter back to the Landing for ammunition, which order was promptly executed, being ready for action on the receipt of the ammunition. The enemy advancing, a heavy fire was opened on him, the most terrific I ever heard. Every one seemed to be imbued with the idea that as this was our last stand, so should it be the most desperate. Being of that opinion myself, I used the most strenuous exertions to hold it, in which I was heartily seconded by my lieutenants encouraging our infantry to stand firm but a short time longer and we would drive them back. We kept our word, in conjunction with the other batteries. In this position we had 1 man and 2 horses wounded, with other slight casualties. Thinking the enemy during the darkness of the night might make an attempt to charge and capture our guns, I threw up a little breast- work, and self and men laid there all night exposed to the rain without any covering, and what was worse, anxiety.. Firmly resolved to hold the position till the last man, I remained there until I was ordered back to my old camp. The battery had sj siti~gs, fired 591 rounds of ammunition; 1 man killed and 4 wounded, 11 Porses killed an(l wounded. I should have remarked that on the afternoon of the 7th quite a stampede was caused by some false alarm, which I soon arrested by taking my pistol in hand, ordering them to halt and form in my rear with the regiments that were awaiting orders. I was sure that if this un- fortunate falling back was not arrested the result would be very serious; its demoralizing influence we had painfully witnessed omi the 6th. The battery is not fit for present use. I have taken the riding and spare horses to place on the guns and caissons. My caissons I have filled from the enemy~5. I have miot men enough to man my guns. I need ordnance stores very much, but am not able to procure them,. because the ordnance officer has not a supply. It affords me pleasure to say that my lieutenants, IDengel and Carter, cheerfully performed their duty, obeying my every command with alacrity. My non-com- missioned officers and privates also behaved well. Hoping the enemy, from the steru repulse he received Monday, will see the hopelessness of his cause, I remain, general, with profound respect, your obedient servant, 0-. L. KISPEL, Lieutenant, Commanding Battery B, & e. Maj. Gen. Joir~ A. MOCLERNAND, Conrmauding First Division Page 148 148 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXIL No. 17. Report of Brig. Gen. John AfeArthur, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division. HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION, April 16, 1862. Sn~: Herewith I transmit to you the report of Col. J. N. Tuttle [No. 181, who commanded the Second Division during the greater part of the engagement. The list of casualties, as far as I have yet had reports, is as follows*: ,~ ~1 6 .~ ~ 1st Brigade 36 171 666 873 2d Brigade 100 458 16 574 3d Brigade 86 349 482 917 Batteries (four) 4 55 59 Total 226 1,033 1,164 2,423 Two regiments, the Fifty.second and Fifty-eighth Illinois, have not yet reported. All of which is respectfully submitted. J. MoARTHUR, Brigadier.General. (Indorsenient.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Pittsburg, April 25, 1862. Respectfully referred to headquarters of the department. From the casualties occurring in the Second Division it is not probable that any further reports than those now sent will be received. U. S. GRANT, Major- General. No. 18. Report of Col. James .41. Tuttle, Second Iowa Infantry, Commanding Second Division and First Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report the part taken by the First Brigade in the action of the 6th and 7th instant, as well as such other regiments and corps as were under my command during the engage- ment. On the morning of the 6th 1 proceeded with my brigade, consisting of the Second, Seventh, Twelfth, and Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, under the direction of Brig. Gen. W. II. L Wallace, and formed line on the * But see revised statement, p. 101 Page 149 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDIG, OR SHLLOH, TENN. 149 left of his division. We had been in line but a few moments when the enemy made their appearance and attacked my left wing (Twelfth and Fourteenth Iowa), who gallantly stood their ground and compelled the assailants to retire in confusion. They again formed under cover of a battery and renewed the attack upon my whole line, but were repulsed as before. A third and fourth time they dashed upon us, but were each time baffled and completely routed. We held our position about six hours, when it became evident that our forces on each side of us had given way, so as to give the enemy an opportunity of turning both our flanks. At this critical juncture General Wallace gave orders for my whole brigade to fall back, which was done in good order. The Second and Seventh Regiments retired through a severe fire from both flanks and reformed, while the Twelfth and Fourteenth, who were de- layed by their endeavors to save a battery which had been placed in their rear, were completely cat off and surrounded and were compelled to surrender. In passing through the cross-fire General Wallace fell mortally wounded, and as you were reported wounded, and Captain McMichael informing me that I was the ranking officer, I assumed command of the division and rallied what was left of my brigade, and was joined by the Thirteenth Iowa, Colonel Crocker; Ninth Illinois, Colonel Mersy; Twelfth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Chetlain, and several other frag- ments of regiments, and formed them in line on the road, and held the enemy in check until the line was formed that resisted the last charge just before dark of that day. On Monday morning I collected all of the division that could be found and such other (letached regiments as volunteered to join me, and formed them in column by battalion, closed in mass, as a reserve for General Buell, and followed up his attack until we arrived near the position we had occupied on Sunday, when I deployed into line in rear of his force, and held my command subject to his orders. The Second Iowa and Twelfth Illinois were called on at one time. The Second was sent to General Nelsons division, and was ordered by him to charge bayonets across a field on the enemy, who were in the woods beyond, which they did in the most gallant manner, the enemy giving way be- fore they reached them. The Seventh Iowa, under orders from General Crittenden, charged and captured one of the enemys batteries, while the Thirteenth Iowa rendered General McCook valuable service near the close of the engagement. On Tuesday, the 8th, when our forces were again called to arms I called out the Second Division, and all obeyed the call with alacrity except Col. Crafts J. Wright, of the Thirteenth Missouri, who refused to obey orders, and did not make his appearance during the day. The division remained on the field all day, and were ordered to return to camp after dark. The officers and men nuder my command behaved nobly and gal- lantly during the whole time, with the exception above named. The officers deserving special mention in this report are so numerous that I will confine myself to field officers alone: Lieutenant-Colonel Baker, of the Second Iowa; Lieutenant-Colonel ParroV~ and Major Rice, of the Seventh Iowa; Colonel Woods, Twelfth Iowa; Colonel Shaw and Lieu- tenant-Colonel Lucas, of the Fourteenth Iowa, particularly distinguished themselves for bravery and ability on the field. Colonel ()rocker, of the Thirteenth Iowa, although not belonging to my command originally, was attached to it on Sunday evening, and remained with my division until Monday evening. He proved himself to have all the qualities o Page 150 150 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL a good and efficient officer, and was prompt to duty when the enemy was to be met. Colonel Mersy, Ninth Illinois, also proved himself a brave and efficient officer. Colonel Morton, commanding Second Brigade, and Colonel Baldwin, Third Brigade, on the last day turned out their brigades promptly and marched in column to the outposts. Colonel Woods, of the Twelfth Iowa, was twice wounded, and when the enemy was driven back on Monday he was recaptured, and is now here, unfit for duty. Appended I send you a list of the casualties of the brigade only, as others will report directly to you.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. TUTTLE, Colonel, Commanding First Brigade, Second Division. Brig. Gen. JoHN McARTHUR, Commanding Second Division. No. 19. Report of Lient. Col. James C. Parrott, Seventh Iowa infantry. HEADQUARTERS SEVENTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY, Army in the Field, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. SIR: In compliance with your order, dated April 8, 1862, I have the honor herewith to make a report of the part taken by the Seventh Regi- ment Iowa Infantry in the battle of Pittsburg, Tenn., on April 6, 7, and 8. On the morning of the 6th, at 8 oclock, I received your order to hold the regiment in readiness for a forward movement, the rebels having attacked our outposts. The regiment was formed immediately, and at about 9 a. m. it was ordered to move forward, and it took position on the left of the Second Iowa Infantry. It then moved forward by the flank until within a short distance of the advancing rebels, where it was thrown into line of battle, being in heavy timber, when it advanced to the edge of a field, from which position we got a view of a portion of the rebel forces. I ordered my men to lie down and hold themselves in readiness to resist any attack, which they did, and remained in that po- sition unfil ordered to fall back at about 5 p. in., holding the rebels in check and retaining every inch of ground it had gained in the morning, being all the time under a galling fire of canister, grape, and shell, which did considerable execution in our ranks, killing several of my men and wounding others. The regiment, when ordered, fell back in good order and passed through a most galling flank fire from the enemy. When it gained cover of the timber it rallied in good style and helped to hold the enemy in check for some time, when it was again ordered to fall back upon the main river road, and there it bivouacked for the night, exposed to a heavy raiii of several hours duration. On Monday morning, the 7th, I was so completely stiffened by fa- tigue and exposure that it was impossible for me to advance with the regiment, but I knew it was placed in good hands when I turned the command over to Major Rice, who led them on that day to the enemys stronghold, and from him I was proud to learn it did its duty unflinch- ingly not only against the rebels, bat in keeping many of our troops Embodied in MeArthurs report, p 148. See also revised statement, p. 101 Page 151 CHAP. XXII.. PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 151 from falling back and leaving the field in disorder. At night the regi- ment returned to camp, and for the first time in two days had warm food and a good nights rest. On Tuesday morning, the 8th, I again moved the regiment forward about 2 miles and remained in line all day, not getting in sight or hear- ing of the enemy. At night it returned to camp in good order. In conclusion, I am proud to say that the officers and men of the Seventh Iowa Volunteers, with a few exceptions, did their duty nobly, and sustained the proud position won for it on former occasions, of which our State may feel proud. The delinquents, although few, will be strictly dealt with according to the Articles of War. Our casualties are as follows: One lieutenant and 10 privates killed; 17 privates wounded and 6 privates missing; making an aggregate of 31 killed, wounded, and missing.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant J. C. PAIRROTT, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding Seventh Iowa Infantry. Col. J. M. TUTTLE, Commanding First Brigade, Second Division. No. 20. Report of Col. Joseph J. Woods, Twelfth Iowa Infantry. MAQUOKETA, JACKSON COUNTY, IOWA, April , 1862. On the morning of April 6, the rebels having attacked our advanced lines at Shiloh, Tenn., the Twelfth Iowa Infantry was rapidly formed and joined the other regimentsthe Second, Seventh, and Fourteenth of the Iowa brigade, being the First Brigade, under Brigadier-General Tuttle, of the Second Division, nuder General Wallace. The brigade was marched to near the field beyond General Hurlbuts headquarters and formed in line of battle, the Second and Seventh on our might, the Fourteenth on our left. The Eighth Iowa, of Prentiss division, was on the left of the Fourteenth, forming an angle to the rear with our line. An open field lay in front of our right. Dense timber covered our left. A small ravine was immediately behind us. In this position we awaited the approach of the enemy. Soon he made a bold attack on us, but met with a warm reception, and soon we repulsed him. Again and again repeatedly did he attack us, trying vainly to drive us from our position. He failed to move us one inch from our position. On the contrary, we repulsed every attack of the enemy and drove him back in confasion. Thus matters stood in our front until about 4 p. in., at which time it became evident, by the firing on our left, that the enemy were getting in our rear. Au aide-de-camp rode up and directed me to face to the rear and fall back, stating, in answer to my inquiry, that I would receive orders as to the position I was to occupy. No such orders reached me, and I suppose could not. The Second and Seventh Iowa had already gone to the rear, and on reaching the high ground between our position and General llurlbuts headquarters we discovered that we were already surrounded by the enemy, caused by no fault of our own, but by the troops at a distance from us on our right and left giv * But see revised statement, p. 101 Page 152 152 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. ing way before the enemy. Seeing ourselves surrounded, we neverthe- less opened a brisk fire on that portion of the enemy who blocked our passage to the Landing, who, after briskly returning our fire for a short time, fell back. A brisk fire from the enemy on our left (previous right) was going on at the same time. Seeing the enemy in rout fall- ing back, we attempted by a rapid movement to cut our way through, but the enemy on our left advanced rapidly, coming in behind us, pour- ing into our ranks a most destructive fire. The enemy in front faced about and opened on us at short range, the enemy in our rear still closing in on us rapidly. I received two wounds, disabling me froni further duty. The command then devolved on Captain Edgington, acting as field officer. The enemy had, however, already so closely surrounded us that their balls which missed our men took effect in their ranks beyond us. To have held out longer would have been to suffer complete annihilation. The regiment was therefore compelled to sur- render as prisoners of war. Lieutenant.Colonel Coulter was much reduced by chronic diarrhea and Major Brodtbeck was suffering from rheumatism. Being myself the only field officer on duty, at my request Captain Edgington acted as a field officer, the duties of which he performed in an able and effi- cient manner. Quartermaster Dorr, though his l)ositiOn did not require hhn to go into action, volunteered to do so, and throughout the day behaved in a brave and gallant manner, daringly, if not recklessly, exposing his person to the enemy. He made himself very useful in carrying mes- sages and spying out the positions and movements of the enemy and firing on them as occasion offered. Energetic and efficient in his own department, he would fill a higher one with credit to himself and honor to the service. Adjutant Duncan proved himself on this, as on all occasions, a faith- ful and efficient officer. Captains Earle, Warner, Stibbs, Haddock, Van Duzee, and Towns- ley performed well their part, as did all the lieutenants in the action, in a prompt an(l willing manner. The n~i-commissioned officers and men stood bravely up to their work and never did men behave better. In the death of Lieutenant Ferguson, of Company D, the regiment lost one of its best-drilled officers and a gallant soldier. It also lost a good man and a good officer in the death of Lieutenant Moir, of Coin. pany A. J. J. WOODS, Colonel Twelfth iowa Volunteers. ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, First Brigade, Second Division. No. 21. - Report of Got. William T. S/maw, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry. ANAMOSA, IOWA, October 26, 1862. SIR: As by the terms of my parole I am precluded from making as yet any official report of the part borne by my regiment, the Four. teenth Iowa, in the battle of Shiloh, on the 6th of April last, and as I feel it due alike to the regiment and to myself, after so long an i Page 153 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 153 prison ment, that their conduct shall be fully reported, I take the liberty ~f laying before you, unofficially, the following.statement: You will remember that the regiment then formed a part of the brigade of Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, included in the division of Gen. Charles F. Smith. On that day, however, in consequence of General Smiths ill- ness, General Wallace commanded the division, and Colonel Tattle, of the Second Iowa, onr brigade, which consisted of the Second, Seventh, Twelfth, and Fourteenth Iowa Regiments. Our division occupied the center of the line, having that of General Prentiss on its left, with Gen- eral Hurlbut beyond him, while the divisions of Generals Sherman and MeClernand were on its right. Our brigade occupied the left of the division, amid was arranged in the order given above, from the right, so that the Fourteenth occupied the extreme left of the division, next to General Prentiss cominniand. Our line of battle was formed about half past 8 oclock a. in., about 500 yards from the enemys artillery, which at once opened a severe fire upon us. The ground was rolling and wooded, but free from under- brush, interspersed here and there with cleared fields and cut up by several roads. In a short time the enemys infantry made their appearance, advanc- ing in line of battle. I at once perceived that the line of our brigade was not parallel with theirs, but inclined to it at an angle of about 45 degrees, the left in advance, tans exposing my left flank to the enemy some distance in advance of General Prentiss line, upon which it should have rested, and about 200 yards from his extreme right. After consulting with Colonel Woods, of the Twelfth, who was next to me on the right, I threw back my regiment and the left wing of the Twelfth, so as to bring our part of the line parallel to the advancing enemy and in line with General Prentiss division, but still failing to connect with it by an interval of about 200 yards. This also improved our position, which had previously been directly upon a ridge, exposed to the enemys artillery, and gave us that ridge as a partial shelter. The enemy advanced steadily in two lines, about 200 yards apart. I ordered my men to lie dowmi and hold their fire until they were within thirty paces. The effect of this was, that when the order to fire was given, and the Twelfth and Fourteenth opened directly in their faces, the enemys first line was completely destroyed. Oar fire was only returned by a few, nearly all who were not killed or wounded by it fleeing in every direction. I then immediately advanced my regiment, in which I was gallantly joined by the left wing of the Twelfth. Passing almost without opposition over the ground which had been occupied by the first lines, we attacked and drove back their second for some distance, until I was tbrcPd to recall my men for fear of my left flank being turned, no part of General Pre.ntiss division having advanced with us. In this movement we .took a number of pris- oners, including 1 captain, whom I sent to the rear. Returning, the Fourteenth took up its old position in the line of battle, and Colonel Geddes, of the Eighth Iowa, now formed his regimnent on our left, in line with us and General Prentiss division, filling up the gap which had previously existed there. That division, however, with the one beyond it, materially changed its position in the course of the forenoon, its left falling back repeatedly, until the line of these two divisions had swung around almost at right angles to us. I now perceived a large force of the enemy approaching from the left and front, and imme- diately reported the fact to Colonel Tuttle, who, at my request, sent me a couple of brass 6-pounders, which were near by. These I got into position just in time to receive the enemy. They advanced with th Page 154 154 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL most desperate bravery, the brint of their attack falling upon the Eighth Iowa, by whom it was most gallantly borne. I have good authority for saying that the firm resistance of the center at that time was the chief means of saving our whole army from destruction. The fighting continued with great severity for about an hour, during which we repelled what General Beauregard in his official report counts as three of the five distinct charges made by the rebels that (lay upon our center, and at the end of that time the enemy facing us fell back fully repulsed. Colonel Geddes now withdrew a short distance to take care of his wound, and at his request, as his position was more important and exposed than my own, I moved to the left and occupied it, thus leaving an interval on my right between us and the Twelfth. When Colonel Geddes reformed it was on the right of General Prentiss, with whom Colonel Geddes fought during the rest of the day. General Prentiss line had now swung around so far as to be almost parallel with ours, and back to back with us, about 150 yards in our rear. at our end of the two lines. In this position he was again engaged by a large body of the enemy, who had advanced from the left ha~iig driven in General Hurlbuts division. At about a quarter to 5 p. in. I received an order from Colonel Tuttle to about-face and proceed to. engage the same body of the enemy. In order not to interfere with General Prentiss lines I marched by an oblique, passing close to the Eighteenth Wisconsin in his line, and here for the third time that day the Fourteenth engaged with the enemy. After less than half an hour we repulsed them and made a short advance, which revealed to me the facts of our position. The enemys center had advanced over the ground defended by us before our change of front and were now attacking us in the rear. Both wings of their forces had advanced so far as to form a junction between us and Pittsburg Landing, their right, which we were now facing, meeting at an angle with their left, which had driven in MeClernands and Shermans divisions on our right, and into this angle we were about being pressed by this new attack on our rear. General Prentiss having already surrendered with a part of his command, the Fourteenth was left in advance of all that remained, but completely inclosed, receiving the enemy~5 fire from three directions. The regiment still kept its ranks unbroken and held its position facing the enemy, but the men were almost completely exhausted with a whole day of brave and steady fighting and many of them had spent their whole stock of ammunition. It was therefore useless to think of prolonging a resistance which could only have wasted their lives to no purpose, and at about a quarter to six p. m. I surren- dered them and myself prisoners of war. I have only to add that I feel under the deepest obligations to both officers and men of my regiment for their admirable conduct through the day. This was so complete and free from exception, that it would be impossible to mention individ- uals without doing injustice to the rest. Their steadiness and courage, the accuracy of their fire, and precision of all their movements entitle them to the highest credit, and their general demeanor, both upon the battle-field and in the trying scenes through which we passed as pris- oners of war, will always be remembered by me with pride and gratifi- cation. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. T. SHAW, Colonel Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer8. Hon. SA~rUEL J. KrnKwoon, Governor of Iowa Page 155 CHAP. XXIII PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 155 No. 22. Report of (Jol. August Mersy, Ninth Illinois Infantry (of the Second Bri- gade, Second Division). HEADQUARTERS NINTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS INFANTRY, Pittsburg Landing, April 13, 1862. Sn~: The following is a report of the part taken in the action of the 6th and 7th instant by the Ninth Regiment Illinois Infantry, which I have the honor to command: About 8 oclock on Sunday morning, there having been heavy firing in progress for some time previously along the left or center of our lines, the regiment was ordered to form and await orders. We formed with the brigade on the open ground near the camp of the Second Iowa Infantry, and found our force to be an aggregate of 600 officers and men. At 9 oclock the regiment, in company with the Twelfth Illinois Infantry, were ordered by Brigadier-General McArthur to a part of the lines about one-fourth of a mile in advance of General Hurlbuts headquarters. We there formed, and afterward marched about half a mile by the left flank, when we encountered a heavy force of the enemy, strongly posted in a deserted camp and skirt of timber. While taking up a position in a ravine to the left of the Twelfth Illi- nois we received a severe fire of musketry and shell, which killed and wounded a number of men. After taking up this position we main- tained a steady and destructive fire upon the enemy for an hour and thirty minutes, when our ammunition began to fail, and at the same time a most murderous cross-fire poured into our ranks from the left, which we were unable to silence by a partial change of front of the two left companies. We were then compelled to fall back some five hundred yards to the rear. The enemy were constantly re-enforced during this period, and fresh regiments were seen deploying to relieve those which had been some time under fire. Our loss up to this time was about 5G killed and over 200 wounded. We were ordered at this time by General W. H. L. Wallace, commanding our division, to retire to our camp, replenish the cartridge-boxes, clean the guns, and be in readiness for action as s~)eedily as possible. At about 3 oclock p. m. we were again ordered forward to support the right wing of General Shermans division. Here we again entered action, our regiment numbering about 300 men, and for about an hour aided in checking the advance of the enemys force, disputing the ground inch by inch, until compelled to retire on account of a flank movement of the rebels and a destructive artillery fire, in all which the enemy suffered terribly. On Sunday night the regiment laid in line of battle near the camp of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, on the main road leading to Pittsburg Landing, and during the greater part of Monday were stationed as a reserve on the right of the Forty-first Illinois Infantry. At about 4 oclock we were ordered forward, but the enemy having been driven from our lines, we were ordered to return and re-enforce the position of Colonel Marsh, after which we were ordered to our camp. The gallantry of all the officers under my command admits of no discrimination, and I bear cheerful testimony to the heroic courage and fortitude with which they, without exception, stood the enemys fire, the severity of which is fully attested by the loss of our regiment. This terrible destruction was only caused by the most determined bravery, such as I have never seen equaled Page 156 156 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA, AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. To the men under my command I must also award the praise of bravery not excelled by their officers. They stood unflinchingly until ordered to retire, and I have to state that but very few were to be num- bered among the stragglers. I have only to add that the report of casualties was forwarded several days ago, but regret to say that since that time 6 or 8 of my wounded have died of their wounds. Respectfully submitted. AUG. MERSY, Colonel, Commanding Ninth Illinois Volunteers, Licat. GEO. L. PADDOCK, A.A.A. U., Second Brig., Second Div., Dist. West Tenn. No. 23. 1i~eport of Lieut. Col. Augustus L. Chetlain, Twelfth Illinois Infantry. HDQRS. TWELFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS, Pittsburg Landing, Teun., April 10, 1862. LIEUTENANT: I respectfully submit the following report of the J)art the Twelfth illinois Infantry Volunteers took in the battle at this l)lace on the 6th instant: At 8 oclock on the morning of Sunday, the 6th instant, after the ongagement had become general all along the left and center of our lines, my regilnent, with the balance of the Second Brigade, was ordered from the right to the extreme left of our hues, to support the troOI)5 in that part of the field. I arose from a sick bed and took com- mand of my regiment, with Captain ilugunin, Couripany K, and Cap- taiui Ferris, Company I, acting, respectively, as lieutenant-colonel and major. By order of General McArthur, commanding the brigade, 1 took a position in line of battle in a ravine, with the Ninth Illinois Infantry on my right a-nd the Fiftieth Illinois Infantry on my left. Soon after getting into line the enemy opened a brisk fire npon me with musketry and artillery from the top of a hill in front. My right suffered severely. I did not open fire at once, not knowing whether the troops at my front and left were the enemy. or not. At this time my horse, receiving a shot through the body, threw me, bruising my face and brea-st badly. Not being able to procure another horse, I was obliged, though quite feeble, to command on foot. The ground I occupied being clearly unfavorable for my men, who could not return the enemys fire with effect, I determined to fall back some 75 yards, in line with the regiments at my right and left. The movement was effected in good order. Just before leaving this position Captain Ferris, Company I, was shot through the body; Captain Swain, Company II, through the side; Lieutenant Randolph, who remained on the ground with Captain Ferris, was taken prisoner, and Lieutenant Cook was wounded. My new position was more favorable than the other. 1 at once de- ployed Company K, Lieutenant Waite, as skirmishers. I held this groulid about forty minutes, during which time I lost many men an(I several officers. Lieutenant Seaman, Company C, was killed; Lieuten- ant MacLean, Company A, was wounded; also Lieutenants Watkins, Company G, and Waite, Company K. Not being able to effect muc Page 157 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 157 from this position, and seeing that the Fiftieth Illinois Infantry at my left had retired, I ordered my command back some 30 paces, to ground immediately on the top of the ridge. As soon as the enemy came within range of my muskets my men did fine execution, pouring volley after volley into his ranks. I held this position until compelled to leave it by a superior force. Daring the whole of this engagement we were not assisted by any artillery. Another position, some 300 yards to the rear, was selected and held by my regiment alone nearly one hour. I sent out, while holding this l)osition, Company F, Captain Campbell, and Company I, Lieutenant Mills, to my right and front as skirmishers. Finding that the left wing of our forces was driven in, and that the engagement was confined to our center, I retired to another part of the field, and took a position enabling me to suL)port a battery of light artillery. Soon afterit being then about 4.30 oclock p. m.I received orders to return to my camp. Sick and coml)letely exhausted, I was taken on board the steamer Laton, where I remained two days, unable to leave my bed. My iiien, with ~~cry few exceptions. acted with coolness and bravery during the whole engagement, although exposed to a severe and de- structive fire, when unable to return it with effect. My officers acquit. te(l themselves honorably. it is exceedingly difficult to discriminate when all have done so well. I will however, mention the names of Captain Hugunin, Company K; Captain Ferris, Company I; Captain Swain C Campbell, Company F; Captain Fisher, ompany H; Captain Company A; Captain Stephen- son, Company B, and Captain Van Sellar, Company E, as having l)ar- ticularly distinguished themselves for coolness and bravery in action. I am under obligations to my aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Mc ~rthur acting adjutant, for valuable services rendered on the field. I regret that circumstances should have placed my command during a great part of the time in a position where it was exposed to a de- structive fire from the enemy without being able to return it with equal effect. Herewith I send you the report of Captain ilugnuin, who had com- mand of the regirn ent when in action on Monday, the 7th instant. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, A. L. CHETLAIN, Lieutenant- Colonel, (omdg. Twelfth Regiment Ill. Infantry. Lient. GEO. L. PADDoCK, A. A. A. U., Second Brig., Second Div., Dist. We8t Tenn. No. 24. Re-port of Capt. James R. Ilugunin, Twelfth Illinois Infantry. HDQRS. TWELFTH REGT. ILLINOIS INFANTRY VOLS., Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Twelfth Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers, under my com- mand, during Monday, the second day of the battle at this place: On Sunday, the first day of the battle, the regiment was under th Page 158 158 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL command of Lieut. Col. A. L. Chetlain, who will make his report for the part he took. On Monday, the 7th instant, the lieutenant-colonel being sick and hax lug been hurt by a fall from his horse, the comm and of the regiment devolved upon me. The regiment had lost about 100 mcii in the action of Sunday, and it now turned out with only about 220 men. On Sunday our division commander, Brig. (len. XV. II. L. Wallace, was mortally wounded, and our brigade commander, Col. John McAr- thur, was also wounded. Our division and brigade had been scattered and broken up, and I had to act without orders. I heard heavy firing to the right and at the center of out lines, and I moved in that direc- tion. The battle opened about 8 oclock in the morning, and about 9 oclock I joined, with several other parts of regiments, the divisioii com- manded by General MeClernand. There had been some fighting before I came up and the enemy had been driven back. At 9.30 a. m. I formed in line of battle, and was ordered to advance across a cleared field upon a point of woods occupied by the enemy. I obeyed the order, but found the enemy sheltered by a breastwork of logs and brush. They opened such a brisk fire upon us that we were obliged to fall back a few rods. After a very short delay a new line was formed, and, our whole (livision advancing, we drove the enemy from his position. The fighting here was at very close quarters. I was now left as a reserve, with two other broken regiments, while Gen- eral McClernands division advanced some 400 yards without any im- portant fighting. In about an hour I again a(lvanced, and took my posi- tion in the front line. The fiercest of the battle was now changing over to the extreme right, and our whole division nioved that way. About noon we were again engaged in quite a brisk fusillade for nearly an hour, but it was at long distance, and could not have effected much. Now General Buells army had come in from the left, and was mainly in our immediate front. We could do but little else than to watch those brave fellows, occasionally putting in a shot or two, but always at long distance. About 12-30 p. m. the battle was general and most furious, both armies as hotly engaged as it is possible for men to be. Our army pressed the enemy on all points. We followed the first line, supporting them when they needed support. We advanced in this manner for nearly two hours, and until the enemy, beaten at all hands, were breaking and flying so fast that the engagement was narrowed to a front of not over half a mile wide. We then moved quite slowly and did no more fighting. I remained on the field until the battle was all over. At 6 oclock in the evening I withdrew from the field and returned to my camp. All my officers and men behaved handsomely; all fought bravely. I beg leave to mention honorably and favorably all the officers under my command: Capt. William Fisher, Company A; Capt. Harvey S. Stephenson, Company B; Capt. Henry Van Sellar, Company E; Capt. Wallace Campbell, Company F; Capt. Guy C. Ward, Company G; Lient. James N. McArthur, Company G (acting adjutant); Lient. Robert Koehler and William F. Jobe, Company D; William C. Magner, Com- pany E (Lieutenant Magner was seriously wounded); Lieuts. David C. Jones, Company C; Nicholas Roth, Company F; John M. Mills, Coni- pany H; William D. Mills, Company I; Charles E. Beaumont, Company K, and Sergt. Maj. Marcy H. Randall. They all obeyed orders with alacrity. I would also mention favorably Mr. George Mason, aide to Brigadier-General McArthur, who accompanied me to the field Page 159 CHAP. XXLI.~ PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 159 The casualties in the regiment for both days are all embraced in the list which I herewith report to you.* I am, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES iR. HUGUNIN, Captain, Comdg. Twelfth Regiment ill. Infantry Volunteers. Lient. GRO. L. PADDOCK, A. A. A . G.,2d Brig., 2dDiv. No. 25. Report of Col. Crafts J. Wright, Thirteenth Missouri Infantry. SIR: On Sunday morning, April 6, an order was brought from Col- onel Mersy (acting commander of the Second Brigade, Second Division), by his aide, about 8 oclock a. in., ordering us to march at once, to guard the Purdy road at a designated l)oint, about 2~ miles from the Pitts- burg Landing. The regiment, numbering for duty 450 officers and privates, was promptly formed and marched omit, without rations or blankets, to the place assigned, and took position. By this order the regiment was detached from its brigade, and not having any instruc- tions as to where it (time brigade) was formeti, was left under no brigade or division commander, hence was reported to Brigadier-General Sher- man for orders. Standing thus in line of battle for some twenty mm- utes we were able to rally to ours fragments of three regiments and form them on the left of our own. About 9 oclock General Sherman ordered our regiment to the left of his division, to engage in the con- flict then going on. As soon as we were in line we commenced firing and advancing. We gradually gained ground that had been lost, but the enemy being constantly re-enforced by fresh troops obliged us to fall back with others to our first position. During this engagement our regiment suffered severely, particularly in officers. The lieutenant-colonel, adjutant, sergeant-major, two captains, and others wounded retired or were borne from the field. The major also, who was struck, as he reports to me, on his breastplate (stunned, but not wounded), retired, leaving me alone, without a field or staff offi- cer, and on foot, my horses having escaped. Captain ilaile, while rally- ing his umen, was severely wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel St. James was mortally wounded while in his place in line and has since died. The offi- cers and men did their whole duty, and had the regiment been supported we shonld have captured the battery which fired so destructively. After advancing and falling back several times the regiment was forced to retire, with all the others there, to the road which crosses the Purdy road at right angles near General McArthurs headquarters. We here took up quarters for the night, bivouacking without fires, within 400 yards of our regimental camp. The rain fell in torrents, and the men, lying in water and mud, were as weary in the morning as they had been the evening before. In the morning the regiment was advanced in line of battle towards their former position. This regiment, by order of General McClernand, was detached and detained to support a battery of two pieces which were placed under the command of the undersigned, and the fact of detention reported to General Sherman. We were to retain oar posi- tion iu the ravine until further ordered. Shortly after an order came to the commanding officer of the battery from General iVieClernand to * Embodied in revised statement, p. 101 Page 160 160 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. fOHAr. XXIL advance to the brow of a hill some distance off. A regiment of the same brigade was placed to sustain it, and this regiment (Thirteenth Missouri) proceeded to regain General Shermans line. After regaining this line we lay immediately behind our batteries, firing on the enemy and receiving his fire, killing many in range. We were ordered into line of battle and to advance on the left. The regiment went forward under a heavy fire and itself firing as rapidly as l)ossible. The colors were advanced by Captain Wright from time to time sonme hundred yards, and the regiment moved Iorward to support them. A sergeant, one of the color-bearers, was shot down, and Sergeant Beam, of Com- pany C, seized them before they had touched the ground and advanced them farther. When the colors had thus been advanced from time to time an entire distance of about one-half mile, the enemy retreating and had reached a position several hundred yards in front unsupporte(l, the ammunition of the command failed, and could not be supplied. I then ordered Lieutenant Kesner, of Company B, forward to command Captain Wright to advance the colors no farther, as he could not be supported the regiment having no ammunition, and not being in strength sufficient to charge. In executing this order the lieutenant was wounded in the head. We fell back for ammunition behiiid full regiments in line in our rear, sending word why to the regiments in our rear. On obtain- ing a supply of ammunitiomi the regiment was again advanced but no more engagements took place after that, the enemy having retired. The regiment bivouacked on the ground in advance without cover, lying in the rain and mud a second night. Tuesday morning we returned ex- hausted to our camp and brigade. During these two days the men of the command were utterly ex- hausted, and the killed and wounded are as follows.* CRAFTS J. WRIGHT, Colonel, Commanding Thirteenth Missouri Volunteers. Brig. Gen. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN. [Indorsement.] This regiment did not belong to my command, and its dead and wounded are imot counted in the loss of my division; but it was actu- ally under my command a part of Sunday, all day on Monday, an(I until it returned to camp on Tuesday, and in my report I acknowledge the valuable service rendered. I am anxious that this regiment shall have credit for gallantry on two special occasions when the battle was hottest on Sunday and Monday. Colonel does not overstate the truth~ in his description of his advance on Monday, as I was close by. Hi~ advance was as rapid as was prudent until the arrival abreast of ns of Buells forces. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Division. No. 26. Report of Col. B. ~S(. Compton, Fourteenth Missouri Jinfantry. HEADQUARTERS WESTERN SHARPSHOOTERS, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 14, 1862. SIR: In accordance with your order I herewith submit the following * Embodied in revised statement, p. 101 Page 161 CHAP. XXII.J PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 161 report of the part which the Western Sharpshooters took in the recent battle at this place: On the morning of the 6th instant, in obelience to your orders, I formed my command in line of battle on the south side of my camp, from which place I moved to the bridge on the Crumps Landing road, where I reconnoitered largely, but finding it impossible to use our arms to advantage on account of the thick brush, my command was ordered back to take position in the open field near Colonel McArthurs head- quarters. As soon as this point was gained I sent out some cavalry on the enemys left to find out their position. On their return they reported an open field, yet unoccupied by the enemys forces, that would be very favorable for our practice. I immediately advanced with my command, bnt on approaching the place found that the enemy had taken possession of the field with artillery and infantry, and their cavalry were rapidly advancing upon us to prevent our entering the field. Seeing this I immediately deployed my command, and drove them back with heavy loss. My loss was 2 killed and 3 wounded. After thus repuls- ing the enemy I marched my command back, and occupied my old posi- tion near Colonel MeArthurs headquarters. In about two hours the enemy advanced on us again, and were again repulsed with heavy loss. My loss in this onset was 3 wounded. Skirmishing more or less con- tinued until dark. By order of Major-General Grant I occupied this position until the close of the battle. On Monday a portion of my command was deployed as skirmishers to accompany General Wallaces forces. All of which I most respectfully submit. Your most obedient servant, B. S. COMPTON, GEG. L. PADDOCK, Commanding Western Sharpshooters. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 27. Report of Got. Thomas Morton, Eighty-first Ohio infantry. HDQRS. EIGHTY-FIRST REGT. OHIO YoLs., 111. 5. ARMY, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 13, 1862. SIR: I have the honor herewith to submit the report of the regiment under my command during the action of the 6th and 7th of April. In accordance with orders received from Brigadier-General McArthnr at 7.30 oclock a. m. on the 6th instant, I dispatched one company to the extreme right of our lines to guard the bridge over Snake Creek and the road leading to Crumps Landing, and soon after supported it with my whole command. At 11 oclock a. m. 1 was ordered back to make an immediate junc- tion with our lines on the right, as we were in danger of being cut offi Having taken this position, I encountered, engaged, and after two or three volleys dispersed ~ small portion of the enemy, who were attempt- ing to gain a position on our right. At 3 oclock p. m. I was ordered by General Grant in person to leave this position and move to a point several hundred yards in front of our center. Having passed through our lines I discovered near the point designated a rebel line, displaying Federal colors, in front of and near 11 H HVOL Page 162 162 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA,, AND SW. VA. tCHAP XX~ General ~ headquarters. Here the enemy opened upon me a heavy fire of shot, graj~e, and musketry. I returned several volleys, maintaining the position until I discovered a body of cavalry on my left flanking me, when I fell back on our front lines in good order, where, by the order of General Grant, my command ]ay on their arms till morning. Early on Monday morning I was ordered by a brigadier-general (whom I took to be General iluribut) to take command of three frac- tional regiments which were in line on my right and very poorly officered. The men being inclined to fall back, I soon found it impos- sible to keep them ill) in line, so by 3 oclock p. m. my comhiand did not number 200 meii over my own regiment. We advanced steadily on the enemy until 3 oclock p. m. After taking one of his batteries we were compelled to abandon it, the hors es all being killed. My men having exhausted their ammunition, we fril back, as did the whole line, as far as Ii could see, the line on our right giving way flu st. At this point, while rallying the men, I received orders to retire, fresh troops having arrived and the enemy falling back. To the officers and men of my command I have to say that they conducted themselves in a true soldierly manner, and too much praise cannot be bestowed upon theiu for the cheerfulness in which they endured the fatigue of two successive days hard fighting. All of which is respectfully submitted. THOS. MORTON, Col., Comdg. Eighty-first Regiment Ohio Vols., U. S. Army. Col. AUG. MERSY, Commanding Second Brigade, Second Division. iNo. 28. Report of Aliaj. Richard Rowett, Seventh Illinois Infantry (of the Third Brigade, Second Division). HDQRS. SEVENTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1802. COLONEL: Pursuant to paragraph 742 of the Revised Regulatious, the subjoined report is niost respectfully submitted: On the morning of Sunday, the 6th instant, together with the rest of your brigade, the Seventh illinois, under in y command, had the honor of being led to the field of battle by you. No sooner had we reached our position in line, as ordered by you, than the enemy in force ad- vanced upon our front. We immediately gave him batthe. A sharp engagement ensued, and in half an hour, aided by the forces on our right and left, we succeedei in driving him back. Our position was now, by your order, changed to the right, and under the same order, co-operating with the Eighth Illinois on our right, we exchanged a few shots with the enemy, and driving back the left of the force with which he had engaged us, advancing over and beyond the ground from which we had driven him. Under your personal super- intendence a reconnaissance in regimental force was made along the enemys lines towards his right, and at your suggestion I had sent a detail to our rear to bring up ammunition for the regiment. Again we succeeded by a sharp skirmish in maintaining our ground and advance Page 163 ChAr. XXII.] P~TTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 163 clear on the enemys center, and having thrown forward our skirmishers, ascertained that the enemy on our front was now in very large force, and, with lines extending far beyond our flanks, seemed iutent upon our movements. Our detail had reported that iio ammunition of our caliber (.69) could be obtained, as it seemed that our ammunition wagon had mistaken our course and been driven back. We were not supported on either flank, and to avoid being outflanked and sur- rounded it became necessary to retire to the J)Osition you had origi- nally assigned us, and we but just gained it in time to turn a deadly fire upon the enemy as he advanced with greatly superior numbers. Here was our severest engagemeut and our heaviest loss, while the enemys ranks were visibly t 1iinned by the steady and rapid firing which the men with the utmost coolness poured into them. The enemys firing in front was silenced, but on making an effort to connect with the reg- iments OIl our right I found that he had completely succeeded iu turn- ing our right flank, and, our ammunition being exhausted, we changed position l)y passing around the enemys left, thrown out to cut us off receiving in our ranks a cannon-shot from the guns which the enemy brought into l)osition on our dank before we had extricated ourselves. We now obtained a l)artial supply of ammunition, and came up in time to co-operate with MeClernands command in opposing the enemys ad- vance and repulsing successfully two of his most brilliant charges. Here our forces at this point, 110W so greatly strengthened, were finally Compelled to retire before the superior numbers which your conimand had so long held at bay. We now took our position in support of battery and lay on our arms for the night, contributing largely to picket and guard duty. On the morning of Monday, the 7th, under the brigade command of Colonel Baldwin, we were on the field, during the greater part of the day under the enemys guns and in severe engagements, leaving the field only when the last gun was fired, the officers and men of the reg- iment having signalized themselves particularly by the very honorable part which they bore in the most hotly-contested engagement of the day near the camp ground of Oglesbys brigade. On Tuesday, the 8th, we were again in the field, and were returned to our quarters after night-fall. It affords me great pleasure to report that the officers and men of the Seventh Regiment, during the whole time of our two days engage- ment, acquitted themselves with great credit and distinction. I am permitted only to mention the name of Acting Major Monroe, who gallantly sustained his share of the command of the regiment during the whole engagement, and as a tribute to the worthy dead the name of Leo W. Myers, Company II, who fell during the early part of the engagemnent on Sunday, and of Capt. Samuel G. Ward, Company A, who fell on the same day in the front of his company while most gallantly leading them on, having distinguished himself by almost un- paralleled bravery. In conclusion, allow me to express my sincere regret that by your wounds we were deprived of your inspirimmg leadership, and of the hope that we may yet again be favored as a humble part of your command. All of which is respectfully submitted. P. ROWETT, Major, Commanding Seventh Regiment. Colonel SWEENY, Commanding Third Brigade Page 164 164 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL INo. 29. Report of Capt. Robert W. Healy, Fifty-eighth Illinois Infantry. HDQRS. FiFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLS., Pittsburg, April 13, 1862. Sin: On the morning of the 6th of April, 1862, this regiment, under command of Col. William F. Lynch, and forming a part of the Third Brigade, Col. T. W. Sweeny commanding, marched from their camping, grounds, numbering 613 men, rank and file. They took position on the main road leading from the Landing, and upon the left of Major-General. Wallaces division (supposed). Immediately on reaching their position a batterysupposed to be a Missouri battery, and which this regiment - and others were to supportgave way, and retreated under a terrific fire of the enemy, leaving one gun upon the open field. A portion of. this regiment, together with a portion of the Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteers, were ordered to take the gun, which was done under the~ same heavy fire. The fire of the enemy in that direction then ceased, and for some forty or sixty minutes no sign of them in that direction could be seen. The Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteers and this regiment, under orders, then formed a line of battle upon the same open field, lacing to the left, from which direction an advance of the enemy could be plainly seen in hot engagement with the Federal forces upon our then front and right. At that time the enemy again appeared in large numbers in the woods across the open field to our right and rear. This regi-- ment, together with the Seventh Illinois Regiment, then changed direc-~ tion to meet this advance, and were ordered to take possession of a log house and certain cotton bales in the left center of said field. This they did under a galling cross-fire of two field batteries and ~heavy in: fantry fire of several regiments of the enemy advancing on our front towards the log house. We held our position someten or fifteenmin- utes at and near the log house and cotton bales. At that tinw the Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteers fell back to the right and rear, and during the contest upon the open field and the gradual giving way of this regiment under a far superior numerical force of the enemy, it was discovered that our force was flanked upon the left and rear, and that a large force of the enemys infantry and cavalry was closing in upon our right and rear. Colonel Lynch arose in his saddle and gax e the order to cut their way through. At that moment, and amid a most deadly fire of the enemy upon our right and rear, with an advanc- ing enemy upon our front, our line in confusion, a white flag was seen in a regiment upon our left rear, together with one in a regiment upon our rear, apparently being driven toward us. Then a white flag was seen upon the extreme right of our line, which our colonel seeftig rode up and with his sword struck it to the ground.* This regiment, with several others, were prisoners in the hands of the rebels. Original number. . .. 613 Known to be killed and buried on field Monday morning: Commissioned officers 2 Privates . 23 25 * Something here omitted in the original report Page 165 CHAr. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOB, TENN. 165 Prisoners and missing: Field and staff officers (colonel, lieutenant-colonel, major, and adjutant) 4 Line officers (3 captains, 5 first lieutenants, 7 second lieutenants) 15 Privates 308 327 352 261 Supposed to have remained in camp Sunday - - - 80 341 Commissioned officers present 11 Commissioned officers absent - -. 6 17 Present for duty 127 Wounded and sick - - - -- - - 106 Extra duty and wounded. - 66 324 341 It. W. HEALY, Captain, Commanding Thfty-eighth Illinois Volunteers. Maj. Gen. U. S. GRANT, Commanding Army of West Tennessee. No. 30. Report of Col. James L. Geddes, Eighth Iowa Infantry. VINTON, BENTON COUNTY, Jo WA, November 13, 1862. SIR: In compliance with your request I have the honor to submit for your information a report of the part taken by the Eighth Iowa Infantry at the battle of Shioh, fought on April 6: About 8 oclock on the morning of the 6th I ordered the regiment under arms and formed line of battle in front of my encampment, awaiting orders to proceed to the front. At this time the firing on our advanced line had become general, and it appeared to me evident that we were being attacked in force by the rebel general. After remaining under arms about half an hour, during which time I had ordered the baggage belonging to the regiment to be loaded on the wagons and an extra supply of ammunition to be issued to the men, I was ordered by Colonel Sweeny, Fifty-second Illinois, brigade commander, to proceed to the front. On arriving at our advanced line I was ordered by Colonel Sweeny to take my position on the left of the brigade to which I was attached, for the purpose of protecting a battery immediately in front. Here the regiment remained about one hour exposed to a severe fire from artillery of shell and grape, killing aiid wounding several of my men. About 11 a. m. I was ordered by Colonel Sweeny, through his aide, Lieutenant McCullough, Eighth Iowa, to leave my position and take ground to my left and froiit. This change of position brought my regi- ment on the extreme right of General Prentiss division and left of General Smiths, the lattei- being the division to which my regiment belonged. I was thus entirely detached from my brigade, nor did I receive any order from my brigade or division commander during th Page 166 166 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. remainder of that day. On arriving at the point I was ordered to dQ- find I formed my regiment in line of battle, with my center resting on a road leading from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing and at right angles with my line. Here I immediately engaged a battalion of the enemy, and after a severe conflict of nearly an hours duration, in which I lost many of my men, the enemy were driven back with heavy loss. At this time Captain login, Company F, was shot dead, and Captain Palmer, Campany H, severely wonaded. About 1 p. in. General Prentiss placed a battery in position immedi- ately in front of my regiment, with instructions to defend it to the last. The precision of its fire, which was directed by the general in person, made great havoc in the advancing columns of the enemy. it therefore became an ob~ject of great importance to them to gain possession of the battery. To this end they coiicentrated and hurled column after column on my positiom charging most gallantly to the very muzzles of the guns. Here a struggle commenced for the retention and possession of the bat- tery of a terrific character, their concentrated and well-directed fire (lecimating my ranks in a fearful manner. In this desperate struggle my regiment lost 100 men in killed and wounded. The conspicuous gallantry and coolness of my company commanders (Captains Cleaveland, Stubbs, and Benson on the left; Captains McCor- mack and Bell in the center, and Captains Kelsey and Geddes and Lieutenant Muhs on the right, by reserving the fire of their respective conipanies until the proper time for its delivery with effect and the determined courage of my men) saved the battery from capture, and I had the satisfaction of sending the guns in safety to the rear. In this attack I was wounded in the leg, Major Andrews severely in the head, and do here take pleasure in acknowledging the courage and coolness displayed by my field officersLient. Col. J. C. Ferguson and Maj. J. Audrewsand the able assistance rendered by them on that occasion. About 3 p. in. all direct communication with the river ceased, and it became evident to inc that the enemy were driving the right and left flanks of our army and were rapidly closing behind us. At this time I could have retreated, and most probably would have saved my com- mand from being captured had I been ordered back at this time; but I received no such order, and I considered it my duty to hold the posi- tion I was assigned to defend at all hazards. General Prentiss division having been thrown back from the orig- inal line, I changed front by my left flank, conforming to his move- ments and at right angles with my former base, which was immediately occupied and retained for some time by the Fourteenth Iowa, Colonel Shaw. In this position I ordered my regiment to charge a battalion of the enemy (I think the Fourth Mississippi), which was done in good order, completely routing the enemy. We were now attacked omi three sides by the rebel force, which was closing fast around us. The shells from our own gunboats in their transit severing the limbs of trees hurled them on mv ranks. it now became absolutely necessary, to I)revent annihilation, to leave a position which my regiment had held for nearly ten consecutive hours of severe fighting, successfnlly resisting and driviiig back the enemy in every attempt to take the l)osition I was ordered to hold an(l defend. With a loss of near 200 in killed and wounded I ordered my regiment to retire. On retiring about 300 yards I found a division of the rebels nn(ler GeneraL1~lk thrown coumpletely across my line of retreat. I perceive& TTi~t furtheP T~tThce was useless, as we were now co Page 167 ChAP. XXII.] PLTTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 167 pletely surrounded. Myself and the major portion of my command were captured at 6 p. m. of that day, and I claim the honor for my regiment of being the last to leave the advanced line of our army on the battle-field of Shiloh on Sunday, April 6. I cannot conclude this report without bearing testimony to the gen- tlemanly conduct and (ligilified bearing of my officers and men during their captivity. Our captors had felt the effects and well knew the courage of my regiment in the field, but had yet to learn they could conduct themselves a~ well under other and very trying circumstances. Not having received any reliable information as to the true amount of casualties at the battle and during our imprisonment, I shall for- ward an official list as soon as practicable of killed and wounded and of such as died in Southern prisons through privation and neglect. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. L. GEDDES, Colonel Eighth Iowa Infantry. His Excellency SAMUEL J. KlnKwoon, Governor of Iowa. No. 31. Report of Capt. Henry Richardson, Batte~y D, First Missouri Light Artillery. PITTSBURG, TENN., April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report: On the morning of the 6th instant I was ordered forward with my battery by Major Cavender, at first to the center of our line and then to the right, and with the remainder of the battalion engaged the enemy and assisted in repulsing his left wing. Soon he rallied, and, advancing in large force, we fell back to our original position. At this time I ordered Lieutenants Nash and Cutler, with my second section, to the left and forward, and from this position they warmly engaged the enemy. Lieutenant Fish, with the first section, was ordered to the rear and left and hotly engaged the advancing enemy. Here my second section joined me, and my battery was in imminent danger of being taken, but by the strenuous efforts of both officers and men was taken to the rear and formed in an interior line of defense with other bat- teries. Here, after a sharp contest, the progress of the enemy was arrested and the firing ceased for the night. I remained in this position during Ike next day and until the close of the battle. Lieutenants Fish aIi(l Cutler were slightly wounded. Fourteen horses were killed. Dum-ing the battle I expended over 200 rounds of am munition. Too much l)raise cannot l)e awarded to Lieutenants Fish, Nash, and Cutler for their coolness and bravery, and 1 beg to warmly recommend them to your consideration. Also pel-mnit inc to recommend to you First Sergeant Hill and Sergeant White, and, in(ieed, every non-commis- siolie(l officer of my battery, for their activity and unflinching bravery. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yours, II. ItICHAIIDSON, Captain Battery D, First Missouri Light Artillery. Licut. CHARLES GREEN, Adjutant Second Battalion, First Missouri Light Artillery Page 168 i(;8 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ICHAP. XX1I. No. 32. Report of Capt. Frederick Welker, Battery H, First Missouri Light Artillery. PITTSBURG, TENN., April 11, 1862. SIR: The following is a report of the part which my battery took in the engagement of Sunday, April 6 instant: At 9 a. m. I received orders from Major Cavender to move my bat- tery to the left and center of our line of battle. On my arrival at that place my battery was placed in position and held in reserve until about 12 in., when I received orders from Major Cavender to take one section of my battery to the left of the position I then held. This was in an open field, of which the enemy held the opposite sidea distance be- tween us of about 400 yards. After firing all my canister and case shot I was compelled to retire, as we were subjected to a tremendous fire of the enemys canister and mnsk~try firing. I retired with the battery, when we were again placed in position by Colonel McPherson about 900 yards in rear of our former position. This place we held in spite of all attempts of the enemy to drive us from it. Every time he made his appearance before us we would drive him back, nutil fin ally our lines on both sides of my battery gave way. I then received orders from General llurlbut to take my battery to the rear. Our loss was 17 wounded, all belonging to one section. After leaving these positions I retired to a ridge, where Major Cay- ender was establishing a line of artillery. We took the extreme right of this line, where we were finally successftil in driving back the enemy. On my way to this position I found one of my 20-pounder guns dis- abled. Finding I should not be able to take it away, I spiked it and left it~ but after we had made a successful stand and driven back the enemy, Corporal llartman, in charge of a squad of men, brought it in. On Monday my battery remained in the position occupied on Sunday evening, consequently we were not in the action on Monday. Too much praise cannot be awarded to Lieutenant Edwards for the efficient manner in which lie rendered all assistance in his power. I would respectfully recommend him for future favor on account of his bravery and coolness in the hour of danger. Sergeant Mollencott is also entitled to favorable mention. Although he was wounded, he remained at his post and performed his duty with credit to himself. I would state that Corporals Hess, Earl, Pinney, and Edwards are deserving of credit, as well as Privates Murray and Funk, who per- formed the duties of No. 1 with coolness, showing they were true grit. In short, all did their duty well and are deserving of credit. During the engagement I lost 20 horses. Lieutenant Conant was in charge of one section and left in reserve until later in the afternoon. During the engagement I fircd 275 rounds. F. WELKER, Capt., First Regt. Mo. Light Artillery, Comdg. Battery H. L1eut. CiIARLES GnEEN, Actg. A~jt. ASeco iul Butt., First Reyt. Mo. Light Artillery Page 169 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 169 No. 33. Report of Lient. James Powell, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding detachment Second and Fourth U. S. Cavalry. PITTSBURG, TENN., April 13, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the part taken in the late battle of Pittsburg, Teun., on Sunday and Monday, April the 6th and 7th, by Company C, Second, and Company I, Fourth Cavalry. On Sunday morning, the 6th, at about 9 oclock a. in., I ordered the squadron to deploy as skirmishers on the right flank of our army, t~ annoy a rebel battery that kept shelling our camps, and at the same time keeping the communications open between the expected re-en- forcements under the command of Maj. Gen. L. Wallace and the army~ which position I held against superior force until the arrival of the above-mentioned general, and then I bivouacked for the night in the rear of our right flank. On Monday morning, the 7th, I received orders to support a battery under the immediate command of Major-General Wahace. I kept that position during the day, following up the enemy and takiug seI~eral prisoners. I remained with this division during the night. Tuesday, the 8th, I received orders to proceed on the road to Corinth; found the enemy in force returned and reported accordingly. Casualties during the action: Private Frederick iRhyman, I, Fourth Cavalry, killed, and four horses; wounded Priva McWilliams, Grew, and Hastings, all tes ilerberick Ahrus slightly. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES POWELL, First Lieut., Eighteenth Inft., Comdg. Squad. Reg. Cavalry. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Second Division, U. S. Forces, Pittsburg, Tenn. No. 34. Reports of Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army, commanding Third Di vision, with communications in reference thereto. IIDQRS. THIRD DIVISION, UNITED STATES FoRcEs, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 12, 1862. SIR: Sunday morning, 6th instant, my brigades, three in number, were encamped, the first at Crumps Landing, the second 2 miles from that Landing, the third at Adamsville, 2~ miles farther out on the road to Purdy. The Eleventh Indiana, Col. George F. McGinnis; Eighth Missouri, Lieut. Col. James Peckham, and Twenty-fourth Indiana, Col. Alvin P. ilovey, composed the First Brigade, Col. Morgau L. Smith commanding. The First Nebraska, Lieut. Col. W. D. McCord; Twenty- third Indiana, Col. XV. L. Sanderson; Fifty-eighth Ohio, Col. V. Bausen- wein, and Fifty-sixth Ohio, Col. P. Kinney, composed the Second Bri- gade, Col. John M. Thayer commanding. The Third Brigade consisted of the Twentieth Ohio, Col. IVI. F. Force; Seventy-sixth Ohio, Col. Charles II. Woods; Seventy-eighth Ohio, Col. M. D. Leggett, and Sixty- eighth Ohio, Col. S. II. Steedman; Col. Charles Whittlesey command- ing. To my division were attached Lieutenaut Thurbers Missouri bat Page 170 170 KY., TENN., N. MISS., ~. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. NX1L tery and Capt. N. S. Thompsons Indiana battery; alsotheThirdBattaliOn Fifth Ohio Cavalry, Maj. C. S. Hayes, and the Third Battalion Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, Maj. James F. Johnson. Hearing heavy and continnons cannonading in the direction of Pitts- burg L~inding early Sunday morning, I inferred a general battle, and, in anticipation of an order from General Grant to join him at that place, had the equipage of the several brigades loaded in wagons for instant removal to my first camp at the river. The First and Third Brigades were also ordered to concentrate at the camp of the Second, from which 1)roceeded the nearest and most practicable road to the scene of battle. At 11.30 oclock the anticipated order arrived, directing me to come up ~nd take l)osition on the right of the army and form my line of battle at a right angle with the river. As it also directed me to leave a force to prevent surprise at Crumps Landing, the Fifty-sixth Ohio and Sixty- eighth Ohio Regiments were detached for that purpose, with one gun from Lieutenant Thurbers battery. Selecting a road that led directly to the right of the lines as they were established around Pittsburg Land- ing on Sunday morning, my column started immediately, the distance being abont 6 miles. The cannonading, distinctly audible, quickeued the 4eps of the men. Snake Creek, difficult of passage at all thues, on account of its steep banks and swampy bottoms, ran between me and the point of junction. Short way from it Captain Rowley, from General (irant, and attached to his staff; overtook me. From him I learned that our lines had been beaten back; that the right, to which I was proceed- ing, was then fighting close to the river, and that the road pursued would take tue in the enemys rear, where, in the unfortunate condition (4 the battle, my command was in danger of being entirely cut off. It seemed, on his representation, most prudent to carry the column across to what is called the River road, which, following the windings of the Tennessee bottoms, crossed Snake Creek by a good bridge close to Pittsburg Landing. This movement occasioned a counter-march, which delayed my junction with the main army until a little after night-fall. The information brought me by Captain Rowley was confirmed by Colonel McPherson and Captain Rawlius, also of the generals staff; who came up while I was crossing to the River road. About 1 ~ at night my brigades and batteries were disposed, forming the extreme right, and ready for battle. Shortly after daybreak Captain Thompson opened fire on a rebel bat- tery posted on a bluff opposite my First Brigade, and across a deep and prolonged hollow, threaded by a creek and densely wooded on both sides. From its position and that of its infantry support, lining the whole length of the bluff, it was apparent that crossing the hollow would be at heavy loss, unless the battery was first driven off. Thur her was accordingly posted to assist Thompson by a cross-fire and at the same time sweep the hiding place of the rebels on the brow of the hill. This had the desired effect. After a few shells from Thurber the enemy fell back, but not before Thompson had dismounted one of their rifled guns. During this affair General Grant caine up and gave inc my direction of attack, which was formed at a right angle with the river, with which at the time my line ran almost parallel. The battery and its supports having been driven from the opposite bluff, my command was l)ushed forward, the brigades mu echelonthe First in front, and the whole preceded by skirmishers. The hollow was i-ossed and the hill gained almost without opposition. As General Shermans division, next on my left, had not made its appearance to support my advance, a halt was ordered for it to come up. I was timei Page 171 CHAP. XXIL.J PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 171 at the edge of an obloiig field that extended in a direction parallel with the river. On its right was a narrow strip of woods, and beyond that lay another cleared field, square and very large. Back of both fields, to the north, was a range of bluffs overlooking the swampy low grounds of Snake Creek, heavily timbered, broken by ravines, and extending in a course diagonal with that of my movement. An examination satis- lied me that the low grounds afforded absolute protection to my right flank, being impassable for a column of attack. The enemys left had rested Ul)Ofl the bluff, and, as it had been driven back, that flank was now exl)osed. I resolved to attempt to re-turn it. For that purpose it became necessary for me to change front by a left half-wheel of tho whole division. While this movement was in progress, across a road through the woods at the southern end of the field we were resting by, I discovered heavy column of rebels going rapidly to re-enforce their left which a was still retiring, covered by skirmishers, with whom mine were en- gaged. Thompsons battery was ordered up, and shelled the passing column with excellent effect; but while he was so engaged he was opened on by a full battery, planted in the field just beyond the strip of wood on the right. He promptly turned his guns at the new enemy. A fine artillery duel ensuedq very honorable to Thompson and his coin- pany. His ammunition giving out in the midst of it, I ordered him to retire and Lieutenant Thurber to take his place. Thurber obeyed with such alacrity that there was scarcely an intermission in the fire, which continued so long and with such warmth as to provoke an attempt on the part of the rebels to charge the position. Discovering the inten- tion, the First Brigade was brought across the field to occupy the strip of woods in front of Thurber. The cavalry made the first dash at tho battery, but the skirmishers of the Eighth Missouri poured an unex- pected fire into them, and they retired pell-mell. Next the infantry attempted a charge. The First Brigade easily repelled them. All this time my whole division was under a furious cannonade, but being well masked behind the bluff, or resting in the hollows of the wood, the regiments suffered but little. A handsome line of battle now moved forward on my left to engage the enemy. I supposed it to be Shermans troops, but was afterwards otherwise informed. Simultaneously mine were ordered to advance, the First Brigade leading. Emerging from the woods, it entered the second field I have mentioned, speedily followed by the Second Brigade when both marched in face of the enemy, aligned as regularly as if on parade. Having changed front, as stated, my movemt~nt was now di- agonal to the direction originally started on, though the order was still in echelon, with the center regiment of each brigade dropped behind its place in line as a reserve. While thus advancing Colonel Whittle- sey, as appears from his report, in some way lost his position, but soon recovered it. The position of the enemy was now directly in front at the edge of the woods fronting, amid on the ri~ht of the open field my command was so gallantly crossing. The ground to be passe(l getting at them dipped gradually to the center of the field, which is there in- tersected by a small run, well fringed with willows. Clearing an abrupt bank beyond the branch, the surface ascends to the edge of the wood held by the enemy, and is without obstruction, but marked by frequent swells, that afforded protection to the advanc- ing lines, and was the secret of my small loss. Over the branch, up the bank, across the rising ground, moved the steady First Brigade; on its right, with equal alacrity, marched the Secondthe whole i Page 172 172 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIT. view, their banners gaily decking the scene. The skirmishers, in action all the way, cleared the rise, and grouped themselves behind the ground. swells within 75 yards of the rebel line. As the regiments approached them suddenly a sheet of musketry blazed from the woods and a battery opened upon them. About the same instant the regiments snpporting me on my left fell hastily back. To save my flank I was compelled to order a halt. In a short time, however, the retiring regi- ments rallied and repulsed the enemy, and recovered their lost gronud. My skirmishers meanwhile clung to their hillocks sharpshooting at the battery. Again the brigades advanced, their bayonets fixed for a charge; but, pressed on their flank and so threatened in front, the rebels moved their guns and fell back from the edge of the woods. In this advance Lient. Col. John Gerber was killed, and it is but justice to say of him, No man died that day with more glory; yet many died, and there was much glory. Captain McGuffln and Lieutenant South- wick, of the same regiment, also fellgallant spirits, deserving honor- able recollection. Many soldiers equally brave perished or were wounded in the same field. It was now noon,and, the enemy having been driven so far back, the idea of flanking them further had to be given up. Not wishing to interfere with the line of operations of the division to my left, but rely- ing npon it for support, my front was again changedthe movement beginning with the First Brigade, taking the course of attack precisely as it had been in the outset. While this manuever was being effected a squadron of rebel cavalry galloped from the woods on the right to charge the flank temporarily exposed. Colonel Thayer threw forward the Twenty-third Indiana, which, aided by an oblique fire from a com- pany of the First Nebraska, repelled the assailants with loss. Scarcely had the front been changed when the supporting force on the left again gave way, closely followed by masses of the enemy. My position at this time became critical, as isolation from the rest of the army seemed imminent. The reserves were resorted to. Colonel Woods, with his regiment, was ordered into line on the left. The remnant of a Michigan regiment, sent me by General McClernand, was dispatched to the left of Woods. Thurber galloped up, and was posted to cover a retreat, should such a misfortune become necessary. Before these dispositions could be effected the Eleventh Indiana, already engaged with superior numbers in its front, was attacked on its left flank; but, backward wheeling three companies of his endangered wing, Colonel McGinnis gallantly held his ground. Fortunately, before the enemy could avail themselves of their advantage by the necessary change of front, some fresh troops dashed against them, and once more drove them back. For this favor my acknowledgments are especially due Col. August Willich and his famous regiment. Pending this struggle, Colonel Thayer pushed on his command and entered the woods, assaulting the rebels simultaneously with Colonel Smith. Here the Fifty-eighth Ohio and Twenty-third Indiana proved themselves fit comrades in battle with the noble First Nebraska. Here also the Seventy-sixth Ohio won a brilliant fi~me. The First Nebraska fired away its last cartridge in the heat of the action. At a word the Seventy-sixth Ohio rushed in and took its place. Off to the right, meanwhile, arose the music of the Twentieth and Seventy-eighth Ohio, fighting gallantly in snpport of Thurber, to whom the sound of rebel cannon seemed a challenge no sooner heard than accepted. From the time the wood was entered ~ was the only order; and step by step, from tree to tree, position to position, the rebel line Page 173 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 173 went back, never stopping again. Infantry, horse, and artilleryall went back. The firing was grand and terrible. Before us was the Crescent Regiment of New Orleans. Shelling us on the right was the Washington Artillery of Manassas renown, whose last stand was in front of Colonel Whittleseys command. To and fro, now in my fro~t, then in Shermans, rode General Beauregard, inciting his troops and fighting for his fading prestige of invincibility. The desperation of the struggle may be easily imagined. While this was in progress far along the lines to the left the contest was raging with equal obsti- nacy. As indicated by the sounds, however, the enemy seemed retir- ing everywhere, cheer after cheer ringing through the woods. Each man felt that the day was ours. About 4 oclock the enemy to my front broke into rout and ran through the camps occupied by General Sherman on Sunday morning. Their own camp had been established about 2 miles beyond. There, without halting, they fired tents, stores, & c. Throwing out the wounded, they filled their wagons full of arms (Springfield muskets 2nd Enfield rifles) ingloriously thrown away by some of our troops the day before, and hurried on. After following them until nearly night- fall I brought my division back to Owl Creek and bivouaeked it. The conduct of Col. M. L. Smith and Col. John M. Thayer, com- manding brigades, was beyond the praise of words. Colonel Whittle- seys was not behind them. To them all belong the highest honors of victory. The gratitude of the whole country is due Col. George F. McGin- nis, Lieut. Col. James Peckham, Col. Alvin P. Hovey, Lient. Col. W. D. McCord, Col. W. L. Sanderson, Col. Valentine Bausenwein, Lieut. Col. M. F. Force, Col. Charles R. Woods, Col. M. D. Leggett, and their field, staff, and company officers. Aside from the courage they all dis- played one point in their conduct is especially to be noted and imi- tatedI mean the skill each one showed in avoiding unnecessary ex- posure of his soldiers. They are proud of what the division achieved, ~ like myself, they are equally proud that it was done with so little loss of their bi~ve men. Of my regiments I find it impossible to say enongh. Excepting the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Indiana and the Twentieth Ohio they had all participated in the battle of Donelson; but this was a greater battle than iDonelson, and consequently a more terrible ordeal in which to test what may be a thing of glory or shamethe courage of an un- tried regiment, flow well they all behaved I sum up in the boast, Not one man, officer or soldier, flinched. None but the wounded went to the Landing. Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, and Nebraska will be proud of the steadfast Third Division, and so am I. Captain Thompson and Lieutenant Thurber and their officers and men have already been spoken of. My acknowledgments are again given the gallant gentlemen of my staff Capt. Frederick Knefier and Lieutenants Ross and Ware. To them I add Capt. E. T. Wallace, of the Eleventh Indiana Regiment, acting aide. The courage and judgment of all were many times severely tried. After the battle of Donelson I took pleasure in honorably mention- ing two of my orderlies: One of them, Thomas W. Simson, of Com- pany I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, I again call attention to. His gallantry is deserving reward. Along with him I placed Albert Kauffman, a sergeant in the same company, who was of great service to me, and has every quality that goes to make a practical officer. Finally, it i Page 174 174 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. ~o rare to find one of his grade in the constant and full performance of his peculiar duties that, as a matter of justice, a passing tribute is due the Rev. John D. Rogers, chaplain of the Twenty-third Indiana. After the battle he was unwearied in his attention to the wounded, and that the resting places of the dead of his regiment might not be forgotten he collected their bodies and buried them tenderly, and with p~yer 811(1 every religions rite; and in this, as far as my knowledge goes, he was as singular as he was Christian. Herewith you will find a statement of the dead and wounded of my division. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, LEW. WALLACE, General, Third Division. Capt. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General. Rettsrn of casualties in the Third (Wallaces) Division, at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, April 7, 1S6~2.* Wounded. S Command. S S S -~ ~ ~ SIiE~ o ~io __ 3 18 3~ 190 144 -- .. 20 .. 105 5 130 29 31. 3 40 .3 254 ~ 305 Total 1st Brigade, Col. N!. L. Smith 2d Brigade, Col. J. M. Thayer 3d Brigade. Col. C. Whittlesey [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY ov THE TENNESSEE, Pittsburg, April 25, 1862. Respectfully forwarded to headquarters of the department. I directed this division at about 8 oclock a. m. to be held in readi- ness to move at a moments warning in any direction it might be ordered. Certainly not later than 11 a. m. the order reached General Wallace to march by a flank movement to Pittsburg Landing. Wait - ing until I thought he should be here, I sent one of my staff to hurry him, and afterwards sent Colonel McPherson and my assistant adju taut -general. This report in some other particulars I do not fully indorse. U. S. GRANT, Major- Gen era I. Killed. WASHiNGTON CITY, March 14, 1863. Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK: GENERAL: I have heard of prejudices against me at your head- quarters, relative to my failure to participate in the first days battle at But see revised statement, p. 102 Page 175 CIZAI. XXI1. PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SLIILOH, TENN. 175 Pittsburg Lauding. I have also heard that you yourself entertain them. For very obvious purposes, therefore, I respectfully submit to you the following explanation of that affair: On Sunday morning (April 6, 1862) my division, consisting of eleven regiments of infantry, one battalion of cavalry, and two batteries, wam~ posted on the road from Crumps Landing to Purdy; the First Brigade at the Landing; the Second Brigade 2~ miles out, and the Third Bri- ga(le at Adamsville, 5 miles. Very early that morning I became satisfied that a battle was in prog- ress at Pittsburg Landing, and at once prepared my command for mov- ing instantly upon receipt of an order from General Grant, and as the general was then at Savannah, 4 miles below, my expectation was that he would give me marching orders as he passed up the river to the scene of action. Accordingly my Second and Third Brigades se~nt their bag- gage to Crumps Landing, where it could be guarded by a single detach- ment. The First and Third Brigades joined the Si~cond at its encamp- ment. About 9 oclock General Grant passed up the river. Instead of an order to march, he merely left me a direction to hold myself in readiness for orders. At exactly 11.30 a. ni. a quartermaster by the name of Baxter brought me an order in writing unsigned by anybody. It directed me to leave a detachment to guard the l)ublic property at Crumps Landing, then march my division and form junction with the right of the army; after junction I was to form line of battle at a right angle with the river. This order, Captain Baxter tOl(l me, was from General Grant; that it had been given him verbally, but that in coming down the river he had reduced it to writ- ing, leaving it unsigned. As I had resolved to march toward the cannon- adiig at lz oclock without orders if b none as y that time came, and I had so informed Col. (now General) John M. Thayer, commanding my Second Brigade, I made no l)oint upon the informality of the order brought by Baxter, but was glad to receive it in any shape. Half an hour was given the men to eat dinner. Then I started the column at exactly 12 oclock to execute General Grants order. After leaving two regiments and one gun at Crumups Landing the column consisted of rime regiments of infantry and the cavalry and artillery stated; and as the regiments averaged 500 effectives, the whole com- mand did not exceed 5,000 men of all arms. The route was well known to my cavalry, since, in anticipation of a necessity for my retiring upon the main army, it had, by my order, cor- (luroyed the road to the very point of junction. Why, then, did I not make the junction sooner l There are two reasons w-hy: 1st. Because of the lateness of the hour I received the order to march 11.30 a. m. 2d. Arrived with my column within a short distance of the point of juuictioii, I was overtaken by an aide of General Grants, sent by him to tell me that our army had been beaten back from the position it held in the morning, and was then fighting a desperate and losing battle close about Pittsburg Landing. General Grant sent no additional order amid that brought me by Baxter made no l)rovision for such a contingency. I was therefore left to my own judgment. Certainly General Grant did not intend I should continue ray march and unsup- l)orted form line of battle on the ground his whole army had been beaten from; certainly he did not intend that with 5,000 men I should thrust myself into a position where, without possibility of help from the mai Page 176 176 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. LCHAP. XXII. armywhich according to the account was then unable to help itself I would, in [all] likelihood, be cut to pieces by the enemys reserves and detachments. The point of junction to which I was proceeding was at least2~ miles from Pittsbnrg Landing. Could I have successfully cut my xvay through the enemy, fighting superior forces over that space, in what condition would my regiments have been to give the general the assistance he so much reqnired ~? in this dilemma I resolved, as the most prudent course, to carry out the ~pirit of General Grants order, and join the right of kis army as it then rested. That could only be done by carrying my column to the lower or river road from Crumps to Pittsburg Landing, by following which I could cross Snake Creek by a good bridge at the very point of junction. A counter-march was therefore ordered, which, in the ab- sence of anycross-road, was necessarily continued to within half a mile of the camp I had started from. On the diagram, in red ink [dotted lines], my whole march is distinctly traced. A little after sunset I made the reqnired junction. At no time during that afternoons march was my column halted longer than to allow it to be closed up; the column was brought in in perfect order and without a straggler; the length of its march in the time (from 12 m. to a little after snnset) was nearly 15 miles; certainly there could have been no idling on the way. Next morning, on the extreme right in the order of battle, my division had the honor of opening the fight; at the close of the day it was the farthest advanced of any along the line. For your better understanding of my explanation it is accompanied with a diagram showing the sitnation of my division on the morning of the first days battle and its route to the battle-field after the order to march was received. I submit this as an official explanation, solely to vindicate my conduct from nnjust aspersions. Most respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, LEW. WALLACE, llfajor- General. Maj. Gen. II. ~ HALLECK. [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY, March 14, 1863. Respectfully submitted to Major-General Grant for his remarks. By order of Major-General ilalleck: J. C. KELTON, A.ssistant Adjutant- General Page 177 Ca& r. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 177 [Inclosure.] 12 R HVOL X N %44 7, ~ ~AdeaeinyJuzct - fa ,estea~ oil- R~znda~y Zio4~od9~iiycolzwm~ o~d~yzn~im Page 178 178 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP XXIL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE, Before Vicksburg, April 13, 1863. Col. J. C. KELTON, Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, D. 0.: COLONEL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a copy of a communication of Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace to Major-General Hal- leck, of date March 14, 1863, relative to his failure to participate in the first days fight at Pittsbnrg Landing, and submitted to me for my re- marks. Instead of making a detailed report myself in answer to said commu- nication I called upon Maj. Gen. J. B. McPherson, Lient. Col. John A. Rawlins, and Maj. W. R. Rowley, all of whom were members of my staff at that time and were cognizant of the facts, for their statements in reference to the same, and these I herewith respectfully transmit. All these reports are substantially as I remember the facts. I vouch for their almost entire accuracy; and from these several statements, separate and independent of each other, too, a more correct judgment can be derived than from a single report. Had General Wallace been relieved from duty in the morning, and the same orders communicated to Brig. Gen. Morgan L. Smith (who would have been his successor), I do not doubt but the division would have been on the field of battle and in the engagement before 10 oclock of that eventful 6th of April. There is no estimating the difference this might have made in our casualties. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major- General, Volunteers. [Inclosure No. 1.] GALENA, April 4, 1863. Col. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General: COLONEL: Yours, requesting a statement as to my knowledge of the part taken by General Lewis Wallace in the first days fight at the bat- tle of Shiloh, on the 6th of April, 1862, is just received. In reply, I would state that at that time I was an aide-de-camp on the staff of General U. S. Grant, with the rank of captain, and on the morning of the 6th of April I accompanied the general, together with the other members of his staff, from Savannah to Pittsburg Landing. When the steamer upon which we were embarked arrived near to Crumps Landing General Grant directed that it should be run close in to the shore, as he wished to communicate with General Wallace, who was standing upon the commissary boat lying at that place. General Grant called to General Wallace, saying, General, you will get your troops under arms immediately, and have them ready to move at a mo- ments notice. General Wallace replied that it should be done, add- ing( I think) that the necessary orders had already been given. This was between the hours of 7 and 8 oclock a. m. We passed on up the river, meeting the steamer Warner, which had been sent by General W. H. L. Wallace (as I understood) with a messenger to inform Gen- eral Grant that a battle had been commenced. The Warner rounded to and followed us back to Pittsburg Landing. Upon reaching the Landing General Grant immediately mounted his horse and rode upon the bank, and after conversing a moment wit Page 179 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 179 some officers turned to Captain Baxter, assistant quartermaster, and ordered him to proceed immediately to Crumps Landing, and direct General Wallace to march with his division up the river and into the field on the right of our line as rapidly as possible. This order was given to Captain Baxter about the hour of 8 oclock. I think not later than that. We immediately rode to the front. At about 11 oclock General Grant expressed considerable solicitude at the non-appearance of General Wallace, and sent an orderly to the extreme right to see if he could see anything of him, remarking that it could not possibly be many minutes before he would arrive. Shortly after the hour of 12 oclock in., as we were riding towards the right of the line, a cavalry officer rode up and reported to General Grant, stating that General Wallace had positively refused to come up unless he should receive written orders. After hearing the report Gen- eral Grant turned to me, saying, Captain, you will proceed to Crumps Landing and say to General Wallace that it is my orders that he bring his division up at once, coming up by the River road, crossing Snake Creek on the bridge (which General Sherman would protect), and form his division on the extreme right, when he would receive further orders; and say to him that it is important that he should make haste. Add- ing, It has just been reported to me that he has refused to come up unless he receives a written order. If he should require a written order of you, you will give him one, at the same time asking me if I had writiiig materials in my haversack. I started at once, when the gen- eral called to me again, saying, You will take with you the captain (referring to the cavalry officer before mentioned, who was still sitting there on his horsehis name I do not recollect), and two orderlies, and see that you do not spare horse flesh. This was at the hour of 12.30 oclock in., as near as I can recollect. I proceeded at once to General Wallaces camp, back of Crumps Landing, and being well mounted, it took me but a short time to reach it. Upon arriving there I found no signs of a camp, except one baggage wagon that was just leaving. I inquired of the driver as to where Gen- eral Wallace and his troops were; he replied that they had gone up to the fight. I inquired what road they took; to which he replied by point- ing to a road, which I understand to be the Purdy road. While sitting there upon my horse I could hear the firing upon the battle-field quite distinctly. I then took the road pointed out by the teamster and rode a distance of between 5 and 6 miles, asl judged, when I came up with the rear of General Wallaces division; they were at a rest, sitting on each side of the road, some with their arms stacked in the middle of the road. I passed the entire division (except the cavalry), all being at a halt. When I reached the head of the column I found General Wallace sitting upon his horse, surrounded by his staff, some of whom were dismounted and holding their horses by the bridles. I rode up to General Wallace and communicated to him General Grants orders as I had received them, and then told him that it had been reported to him (i. e., General Grant) that he had refused to march without written orders; at which he seemed quite indignant, saying that it was a damned lie! that he had never refused to go without a written order, in proof of which he said, Here you find me on the road. To which I replied that I had certainly found him on a road, but I hardly thought it the road to Pittsburg Landing. It cer- tainly was not the road that I had come down from there on, and that I had traveled farther since I had left his camp than I had in comin Page 180 180 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CUAP. XXIL from the battle-field to the camp, and, judging from the sound of the firing, we were still a long distance from the battle-field. To which the general replied that this was the road his cavalry had brought him, and the only road he knew anything about. He then ordered one of his aides to ride ahead and bring the cavalry back. I then asked him where this road came into Pittsburg Landing; to which he replied that it crossed the creek at a mill (I think he called it Veals Mill) and in- tersected the Corinth and Pittsburg Lauding road in front of where General McClernands camp was. I then told him that I thought it would be impossible for him to get in upon that -road, as the enemy now had possession of those camps, and that our line of battle was to the rear of them. At this moment his cavalry came back and General Wallace rode forward to communicate with them. When he came back he remarked that it was true that the enemy was between us and our army; that the cavalry had been close enough to hear the musketry. The order was then given to counter-march; upon which I remarked to General Wallace that I would ride on and inform General Grant that he was coming; to which he replied, No, captain; I shall be obliged to keep you with me to act as guide, as none of us know the River road you speak of. I accordingly remained. The march toward the old camp was continued to a point about one- half mile north of it, where the troops filed to the right and came into the River road. At the point of filing ofi~ we were met by Lieutenant- Colonel (now Major-General) McPherson and Major Rawlins, members of General Grants staff, who had also come to look after General Wal- lace. The march was continued up the River road until the battle- field was reached, which was just as it was getting dark and after the fighting for the day was over. Of the character of the march after I overtook General Wallace I can only say that to me it appeared intolerably slow, resembling more a reconnaissance in the face of an enemy than a forced march to relieve a hard-pressed army. So strongly did this impression take hold of my mind, that I took the liberty of repeating to General Wallace that part of General Grants order enjoining haste. The same idea seemed to have taken possession of the minds of Colonel McPherson and Major Rawlins, as on the march from the camp to the battle-field Major Raw- lins on several occasions rode back for the purpose of trying to hurry up the troops and to ascertain what was the cause of the delay. I have no means of jadging as to what distance General Wallace was from the battle-field when I found him, except that I could hear the firing much more distinctly at the camp he had left than I could at the point where I found him. I remain, colonel, your obedient servant, W. R. ROWLEY, Major and Aide-de-Camp. Llnclosure No. 2.) HEADQUARTERS SEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS, DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE, Lake Providence, La., March 26, 1863. Lient. Col. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General: COLOMEL: I have the honor to submit the following in relation to the position of the troops and the battle of Shiloh: When the troops first disembarked at Pittsburg Landing the Ten Page 181 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 181 nessee River was very high, the water backing up in all the streams, covering the bottoms in the vicinity of the river from 2 to 6 feet, ren- dering Lick and Snake Creeks impassable. Four divisions of the army were enc~iped on the field of Shiloli in the relative positions indicated in the ~etch, and one division (Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallaces) at Crumps Landing, about 6 miles below. My attention was frequently called to the crossing of Snake Creek, on the direct road from Pittsburg Landing to Crumps, as it was con- sidered very important that a line of land communication between the two portions of the army should be kept open. As soon as the water subsided sufficiently the bridge across the creek was reconstructed, and a company of cavalry sent through to communicate with General Wallaces command. This was on Thurs- day, previous to the battle. Sunday morning, the first day of the battle, I was with Brig. Gen. W. II. L. Wallace, who, in consequence of the severe illness of General C. F. Smith, commanded this division. It was well known the enemy was approaching our lines, and there had been more or less skirmish- ing for three days preceding the battle. The consequence was our breakfasts were ordered at an early hour and our horses saddled, to be ready in case of an attack. Sunday morning, shortly before 7 oclock, word came to the Landing that the battle had commenced. I immediately started, in company with Gen- eral W. II. L. Wallace and staff; found his division in line ready to move out. At this time not later than 7.30 a. in., General McClernand had moved a portion of his division up to support General Shermans left. General iluribut had moved to the support of General Prentiss, and General W. II. L. Wallaces division was moved up to support the center and right. I was actively engaged on the field, and did not see GeneralGrantuntilsometimeafterhisarrival,whenJmethimonthe field, with Brig. Gen. W. II. L. Wallace. He informed me that when he came up from Savannah, at 7.30, he had notified Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, at Crumps Landing, to hold his command in readiness to march at a moments notice, and that immediately on his arrival at Pittsburg Landing, finding that the attack was in earnest and not a feint, he had sent Captain Baxter, assistant quartermaster, with orders to him to move up immediately by the River road and take a position on our right. Shortly after this Captain Baxter returned, certainly not later than 10.30, and said that he had delivered the order. At about 12 in., General Wallace not having arrived, General Grant became very anxious, as the tide of battle was setting against us, and shortly after dispatched Captain Rowley, one of his aides, to hasten up General Wallace. The battle still continued without cessation, our troops being forced back gradually at all points, though fighting most heroically. Two hours rolled around and no news from General Wal- lace, when at 2.30 p. m. General Grant directed me to go in search of him, report to him how matters stood, and hasten him forward, if pos- sible. 1 asked Captain (now Lieutenant-Colonel) Rawlins to accom- pany me, and taking two orderlies, we started at a rapid pace on the River road, expecting to meet the command at every step; pushed on to the junction of the Purdy and Cramps Landing road; saw some sol- diers, who could give us no information where General Wallace was; galloped down toward the Landing a short distance and met a surgeon, who said he had started some time before with his command for Pitts- burg Landing on a road braiiching off~ between Adamsville and the River road; pushed on in this direction, and at the point D met hi Page 182 182 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. Second Brigade returning, the rear of the First Brigade having just filed off on the road IDA. We pushed on to the head of the column and found General Wallace, when I delivered my instructions, and told him for Gods sake to move forward rapidly. I understood him to say th~ his guide had led him wrong, and I was most decidedly of the impression that he had mistaken the road, for his command had already marched a great deal farther than was neces- sary to reach the battle-field. I told him, however, to hurry on and we might yet be there in time. I thought we could get there; sun three-quarters of an hour high. We did not, however, reach the ground until after dark. After I had reached the head of the column I must say it seemed to me that the march was not as rapid as the urgency of the case required. Perhaps this arose in a great measure from my impatience and anxiety to get this force on the field before dark, as I knew very well unless we arrived before sunset we could be of no use in that days battle and would not be able to retrieve the fortunes of the day. Very respectfully, JAS. B. MCPHERSON, Major- General Page 183 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSB1JRG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 183 [Sub-inclosure.] [Inclosure No. 3.] HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE, Maj. Gen. ~. ~. ~ Before Vicksburg, April 1, 1863. Commanding Department of the Tennessee: GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following statement of your orders to Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, who commanded the Thir Page 184 184 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. Division of the Army of the Tennessee on the 6th day of April, A. D. 1862, and the manner in which he obeyed them, together with facts and circumstances transpiring that day and the one immediately preceding, deemed necessary to a clear understanding of them: In pursuance of the following order GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS I)LSTRICT OF WEST TENNESSEE, No. 30. Saranuak, March 31, 1562. Headquarters of the Districi of West Tennessee is hereby changed to Pittsburg Landing. An office will be continued at Savannah, where all official communications may be sent by troops having easier access with that point than Pittsburg Landing. By command of Major-General Grant: JNO. A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General. I was in charge of the office at Savannah, Te nfl., with instructions to make out the necessary orders, and send forward to Pittsburg Landing all troops arriving from below. Up to the 5th day of April, 1862, from the date of said order, you had run up every morning to Pittsbnrg Landing and returned at night on the steamer Tigress, used for your headquarters boat, and on which boat steam was continually kept up. The necessity for an office longer at Savannah having ceased, orders were issued for everything to be moved to Pittsburg Landing on Sun- day, the 6th day of April, 1S62, and arrangements were being made accordingly. April 5, 1862, a dispatch was received from Maj. Gen. P. C. Buell, commanding the Army of the Ohio, dated Camp 3 miles west of Waynes- borough, April 4, 1862, stating that he would be in Savannah, Tenn., with one and perhaps two divisions of his army the next day, and re- questing to meet you there; to which you replied you would be there to meet him. General Nelsons division of the Army of the Ohio reached Savan- nah on the afternoon of the 5th of April, but General Buell himself did not arrive; and supposing he must be near, you determined to ride out the next morning and meet him. That there might be no delay in get- ting off (and consequent detention in moving the office) to Pittsburg Lauding, directions were given for breakfast and horses to be in readi- ness at an earlier hour than usual. I was awakened by Capt. W. S. Hillyer, a member of your staff, who had arrived from Cairo on the boat that brought the mail from that place about 3 oclock a. in., and did iiot fall souiidly to sleep again that morning. I got up at daylight, and in your private office was cx- aniiuing the mail, when you came down-stairs from your sleeping room. Your mail was handed you, and before you were through reading it Brig. Gen. John Cook, of Illinois, who had come in on a steamer during the night, reported to you in person his return from leave of absence for orders, amid from that time until breakfast was announced, which was about 6 oclock a. in., you were engaged in reading your mail and in conversation with General Cook. While at breakfast, Edward N. Trembly, private Company C, First IRegimnent Illinois Artillery Volunteers, and on detached duty at head- quarters, reported artillery firiiig in the direction of Pittsburg Land- ing. Breakfast was left unfinished, and, accoinpammied by your staff officers, you went immediately on board the steamer Tigress, then lying at the Landing. The horses being in readiness, as per orders of the night previous, were sent at once on the boat and orders given at once to start for Pittsbarg Landing, delaying only long enough for you to write an order to General Nelson to move his division by the road fro Page 185 CHAP. XXIII PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 185 Savannah to the river opposite Pittsburg Landing, and a note to Maj. Gen. ID. C. Buell, informing him of the supposed condition of affairs at or in the vicinity of Pittsburg Landing. In l)assing Crumps Landing which is on the river between Savan~- nah and Pittsburg Landing, and distant about 44 miles from the former and 5~ miles from the latter place, and where was stationed the divis- ion commanded by Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, the Tigress ran close alongside the boat on which Major-General Wallace had his head- quarters, and addressing him in person, you directed him to hold his division in readiness to move on receipt of orders~ which lie might ex- pect when you ascertained the condition of affairs above, but in tlie mean time to send out and ascertain if there was any enemy on tlie Purdy road, apprehending, as you did, that the real attack might be intended against his position. His reply was that he was then in readi- ness, and had already taken the precautionary steps you directed as to the Purdy road. This was not far from 7 or 7.30 oclock a. m. From thence you continued direct to Pittsburg Landing, which place you reached about 8 oclock a in., and, with your staff, started imme- diately to the front. About half a mile from the river you met Brig. Gen. XV. II. L. Wallace, who commanded Maj. Gen. C. F. Smiths Second Division of the Army of the Tennessee. From him you ascertained the particulars of the attack and how matters stood up to that time. You then (lirecte(l me to return to the river and send Capt. A. S. Baxter, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Volunteers, and chief of the quarter- masters department in your district, on the steamer Tigress, without delay, to Crumps Landing, with orders to Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace to bring forward his division by the River road to Pittsburg Landing to a point immediately in rear of the camp of Maj. Gen. C. F. Smiths divis- ion, and there form his column at right angles with the river on the right of our lines and await farther orders. In obedience to your command I proceeded to the river, and fonnd Captain Baxter at the landing near where the Tigress lay, and com- municated to him your orders, who, fearing lest he might make some mistake in the delivery of the orders, requested me to give him a written memorandum of them, and I went on board the steamer Tigress, where a pen and ink could be procured, and at my dictation he wrote substan- tially as follows: Major-General WALLACE: You will move forward your division from Crumps Landing, leaving a sufficient force to protect the public property at that place, to Pittsburg Landing, on the road nearest to and parallel with the river, and form in line at right angles with the river, immediately in rear of the camp of Maj. Gen. C. F. Smiths division on our right, and there await further orders. Captain Baxter took this memorandum and started on the steamer Tigress to convey your orders to Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace. This was not later than 9 oclock a. m. Captain Baxter returned and reported before 12 oclock m. his delivery of your orders to General Wallace, bringing at the same time from General Wallace to you the report of Col. Morgan L. Smith, that there was no enemy in the direction of Purdy; the result of his reconnaissance that morning. About an hour after Captain Baxter had gone down on the steamer Tigress to General Wallace an officer of the Second Illinois Cavalry, who was well ac- quainted with the road leading to Crumps Landing, was sent by you with a verbal message to Major-General Wallace to hurry forward with all possible dispatch. This officer returned between 12 oclock m. and 1 oclock p. in., and reported that when he (lelivered ydur message t Page 186 186 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII Major-General Wallace he inquired if he had not written orders. He replied in the negative, and General Wallace said he would only obey written orders. He further stated that it had been more than one hour since he left General Wallace, and that his division was then all ready to move. He should have been by this time on the field. His presence then would have turned the tide of battle, which was raging with great fury; saved the lives of many brave men, and ere the setting of that crimson spring days sun secured to us certain victory. You then immediately dispatched Capt. William iR. Rowley, of your staff, with orders to him, with the direction that, should General Wal. lace persist in requiring them to be in writing, he will write them out in full and sign them by your order. This was not later than 1 oclock p.m. You then rode back to the house near the river that had been desig- nated for headquarters, to learn what word, if any, had been~ received from General Nelson, whose division you expected soon to arrive at the landing on the opposite side of the river; and you there met Maj. Gen. D. C. Buell, who had arrived at Savannah, and taken a steamer and come up to see you, and learn how the battle was progressing in ad- vance of his force. Among his first inquiries was, What preparations have you made for retreating a?~ To which you replied, I have not yet despaired of whipping them, general ; and went on to state to him your momentary expectation of the arrival of General Wallace, to whom orders had been timely and repeatedly sent, and that General Nelsons division might soon be expected by the wagon road from Savannah. This was about 2 oclock p. m. You here inquired of Captain Baxter particularly what reply, if any, General Wallace made when he delivered him your orders. He said General Wallace appeared delighted; asked him for the written memo- randum he had of the orders; read it; said it was all right, and put it in his pocket; ordered his horse at once, evincing the greatest alacrity ~dispositiontoobeyyourorders;thathedeliveredhimtheorders about 10 oclock a in., and that General Wallace, from the time that had elapsed, must be at or near the point he was ordered. You then directed Lient. Col. J. B. McPherson, chief of engineers, and myself to go and meet him, supposing we would not have far to go, and conduct him to a certain position on the field you had pointed out to Lieutenant-Colonel McPherson, as we passed around the lines, in support of General Prentiss division. We started, and before reaching the crest of the hill on the road between the river and Snake Creek, and over which General Wallace would be required to pass, the enemys artillery was sweeping across it. We hurried on, anxiously expecting each monient to meet General Wallace. We reached Snake Creek Bridge and crossed itthe foot of the hill beyond, but no General Wallace. We here pressed a citizen as guide, and continued on until we reached the road leading from Crumps Landing to Purdy. We here turned to the right and went toward the river until we met a surgeon of one of the regiments of General Wallaces division, who informed mis General Wallace had taken the left-hand road leading from the camp of one of his brigades, which camp was between a quarter and half mile from the intersection of the main Pittsburg and Crumps Landing road with the Purdy road and towards Purdy, and about 4~ miles from Pittsburg Landing by the direct road. In company with this surgeon we proceeded on the road General Wallace was said to have taken in the forenoon of that day. About one-half mile from the camp we met Colonel Thayer?s brigad Page 187 Cw& P. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 187 of General Wallaces division, and Colonel Thayer informed us that the rear of Col. Morgan L. Smiths brigade had filed off on a cross road leading into the main Pittsburg Landing road, and that General Wal- lace was with the head of the column. Taking this cross road we came up with him about 3.30 oclock p. m. General Wallace said his guide had misled him, and that he had marched about 10 miles. Capt. W. IR Rowley, of your staff, whom you had sent after him, was with him, and informed us that he had overtaken him about 3 miles from his camp and not on the road he was expected to take; that when he (Captain Row- ley) informed him he was wrong, he sent forward and halted his cavalry, which was in the advance, and counter-marched his command to within a half mile of where he had started in the forenoon. I here stated to Gen- eral Wallace the report of the officer sent to him in the morning of his refusing to obey or receive any but written orders, which he denounced as wholly untrue, and manifested in his talk a great desire to get into the fight. Colonel McPherson, Captain Rowley, and myself repre- sented to him how matters stood when we left. I urged upon him, with all the earnestness I possessed, the importance of his presence on the field; that General Nelson was expected, but might have difficulty in crossing the river. He said there was no danger; he would yet reach there in good season, and with his fresh division would soon end the fight in a victory for us. General Wallace at this point expressed doubt as to our being on the road leading into the main Pittsburg and Crumps Landing road. Colonel McPherson went to a house near by, and, upon iiiquiry, ascer- tained that we were on the right road. After halting the head of his column for a considerable length of time, to enable it to close up and rest, he gave the order to march, and continued coolly and leisurely forward until we reached the main Pittsburg Landing road. Here Colonel McPherson suggested that to disencumber and facilitate the march, the artillery, which was immediately in the rear of the advance brigade, fall to the rear of the column, which snggestion was concurred in by General Wallace, and the artillery moved out of the road while the column filed by. This was an excuse for considerable delayI should say for full half an hourduring which time he was dismounted and sitting down. From thence he continued his march until we reached the low bottom-lands through which runs Snake Creek, where we met some citizens, who informed us that the bridge across Snake Creek was in possession of the enemy. He then halted his column and sent forward his cavalry to ascertain if it was true. Colonel McPherson and Captain Rowley went forward with the cavalry. I remained with General Wallace. In a few minutes a mes- senger came back from the cavalry with a message that the bridge was safe. General Wallace still remained stationary, waiting for his column to close up and his troops to rest. About this time the artillery firing at Pittsburg Landing became terrific, and we who had been there knew that it was our heavy guns, and that the enemy had attained a nearness to the river that filled our minds, situated as we were, with terrible apprehension for the fate of the brave army that had been fighting against such fearful odds and without intermission from early morning. It seemed as though the enemy was immediately between where we were and the river, which seeming gained credence from the fact that as we passed out his artillery was sweeping the road in that direction. General Wallace here asked, if such was the position of the opposing forces, what had best be done ~ Colonel McPherson said, Fight ou Page 188 188 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL way through until communication can be had with General Grant; to which General Wallace replied, That is my purpose. Colonel Mc- Pherson aud Captaiu Rowley again rode forward. General Wallace still gave no orders to move, but manifested the utmost coolness and indifference. I asked him if it would not be well to send forward a brigade to hold the bridge, lest the enemy should destroy it, and thus prevent his joining you? He replied that it was a capital idea, and accordingly ordered Col. Morgan L. Smith, with his brigade, to move forward until the rear of his column rested on the farther side of Snake Creek Bridge and there halt until he received further orders from you or himself. Colonel Smith moved forward as ordered, and General Wallace, dis. mounting from his horse, seated himself on a log. I then rode forward until I came up with Colonel McPherson, to whom I communicated the order given by General Wallace to Colonel Smith, and submitted to him the propriety of giving the order, as from you to Colonel Smith, to push forward with his brigade. But he hesitated to take such a step. It was now near night; the firing ceased; the sun sank to rest, and darkness had spread her mantle over friend and foe, when a cavalry- man brought the report that there was no enemy between General Wallace and the river; upon the hearing of which orders were giyen to move forward. Without opposition he reached the field of battle and received orders from you in person after night and about a mile from the steamboat landing at Pittsburg Landing. The excuse that his guides misled him should avail nothing in exten- uation of his want of knowledge of the road, for he had taken up his position at Crumps Landing on the 13th of March immediately preced- ing in the face of an enemy, and should have been perfectly familiar with all the roads leading to and from his camps. Colonel McPherson and I came up to him about 3.30 oclock p. m. He was then not to exceed 4 or 4~ miles from the scene of action; the roads were in fine condition; he was marching tight; his men were in buoyant spirits, within hearing of the musketry, and eager to get for- ward. He did not make a mile and a half an hour, although urged and appealed to to push forward. Had he moved with the rapidity his command were able and anxious to have moved after we overtook him, he would have reached you in time to have engaged the enemy before the close of Sundays fight. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. A. RAWLINS, Lieutenant- Colonel, Assistant Adjutant- General. CRAWFORDSVILLE, IND., July 18, 1863. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: Sin: Some months ago I discovered that Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, in forwarding to your Department my official report of the battle of Pitts- burg Landing, accompanied it with the following indorsement: HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Pitt8lntrg Landing, April 25, 1S62~ I directed this division at 5 oclock a. m. to be held in readiness to move at a mo- ments warning in any direction it might be ordered. Certainly not later than 11 oclock a. m. the order reached General Wallace to march by a flank movement to Pittsburg Landing. Waiting until I thought he should be her~, I sent one of my staf Page 189 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SkIILUH~ TENK. 189 to hurry him, and afterwards sent Colonel McPherson and my assistant adjutant- general. This report in some other particulars I do not fully indorse. Respectfully forwarded to headquarters of the department. U. S. GRANT, Major-General. It will be observed that the indorsement contains several serious im- putations against me, and in some particulars amounts to a denial of my official report. 1st. It says that at 11 oclock a. m. I received an order to march by a flank movement to Pittsburg Landing. In my report, on the other hand, it is distinctly asserted that the order received by me came to hand at 11.30 a. in., and directed me to march to the right of the army and form junction there; a point nearly, if not quite, 3~ miles from Pittsburg Landing. If General Grants statement is true, then, in marching to a point so distant from Pittsburg Landing, I was guilty of a disobedience of or- ders, for which, in the disastrous turn of the battle at the time, there can be but slender apology. If his statement is true, then I am also guilty of making a false report in a very material matter. 2d. The indorsement says that waiting until he should be here, I sent one of my staff officers to hurry him, and afterwards sent Colonel McPherson and my assistant adjutant-general. The imputations con- tained in the sentence quoted are of the gravest character. If they are true, I am unfit to hold a commission of any kind in the United States Army. The imputations can be easily shaped into charges of cowardice and treachery, and I regret to say such charges have been made and are yet existing against me in consequence of the time it took me to reach the battle-field from my position at Crumps Landing. 3d. General Grant, in his indorsement, further says that there are some other particulars in my official report which he cannot fully in- dorse. This amounts to saying that I have made a false report. I have waited with all patience for the arrival of a period when the state of the war would permit me to ask a court of inquiry without det- riment to the service. That time, in my jjidgment, has now come, and I therefore respectfully ask that such a court may be ordered, and that the scope of its investigation may cover my whole conduct in connec- tion with the battle of Pittsburg Landing. That this investigation may be full and complete, I also request that Judge-Advocate General ilolt may be specially charged with the duty of prosecution. Very respectfully, sir, your friend and obedient servant, LEW. WALLACE, Major- General Voiunteer8. [Indorsement.] Respectfully referred to the General-in-Chief By order of the Secretary of War: JAS. A. HARDIE, A. A. G. WAIL DEPARTMENT, July 24, 1863. CRAWFORDSYILLE, INn., September 16, 1863. lion. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: DEAR SIR: You will please suspend action in the matter of my re- quest for a court of inquiry until I communicate with you again on th Page 190 190 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. subject. It is possible that I may satisfy General Grant upon the points involved and thus save further trouble. Meantime I hope you will consider me ready and anxious to go to any duty. Very respectfully, LEW. WALLACE, Major.General. No. 35. Report of Gol. George F. McGinnis, Eleventh Indiana Infantry (of the First Brigade, Third Division). HEADQUARTERS ELEVENTH INDIANA, Near Pittsburg Landing, Teun., April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken in the battle of the 7th instant at this I)lace by the Eleventh Indiana: At 5.30 oclock a. m. I received an order from you to form our regi- ment in line of battle and take position on the left of Thompsons Ninth Indiana Battery, for the purpose of supporting it. Your order was immediately executed, and skirmishers deployed in advance of our line. We occupied this position for about an hour, when we were ordered to advance and take a position half a mile to the front, on a hill, and within 500 yards of a rebel battery. Our position at this point was on the right of Thompsons battery. This position was occupied by us under a heavy fire from the enemys guns for two hours, when the rebels changed the position of their battery some distance to the rear, and we were again ordered to advance a short distance in the rear of the Twenty-fourth Indiana, and there to take position on their left, thereby placing us on the extreme left of the division. During the whole of this time, and, in fact, during the whole of the engagement, we had different companies deployed as skirmishers. Our advance was slow, but steady and certain. At about 10 oclock we were notified that, in connection with the Twenty-fourth Indiana, we would be required to charge and take a rebel battery some 500 yards in front of us. I ordered bayonets to be fixed, and gave some instructions as to how the charge should be con- ducted. Every man was ready and anxious for the word, but for some reason, and much to the disappointment of our men, the order to charge was not given. At 12 m. the rebel infantry made their appearance in large numbers in front, and gave us the first chance during the day of opening a steady and long-continued fire upon them. This opportunity was heartily embraced, and such a deadly and destructive fire poured upon them that their advance was stopped, and, after a desperate struggle to maintain their ground, they were compelled to retreat. We were again ordered forward, and from this time until the close of the engagement a continual fire of musketry was kept up on both sides, the enemy doggedly falling back and we advancing. At 2.30 oclock I discovered that the Federal forces on our left were falling back and the rebels advancing, and that they were nearly in rear of our left flank. I immediately notified you of their position Page 191 CHAP. XXIL] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 191 changed front with our left wing, opened our fire upon them, and sent to you for assistance. During this, the most trying moment to us of the day, I received your order to fall back if it got too hot for us, as there were three regiments in our rear ready to support us, but feeling that the reputation of our regiment was at stake, and knowing that no portion of our division had been compelled to fall back during the day, we determined to hold the position to the last. Fortunately, and much to our relief, at this critical moment the Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Willich, came up on our left, and with their assistance the advancing enemy was compelled to retire. Our left wing was immediately moved into line with the right, and we again made a forward movement, which was continued until 4.30 oclock, when we received with three cheers the intelligence that the rebel army was in full retreat. Every officer and man engaged in the battle did his duty to my entire satisfaction,and I have no special mention to make of any. Of the non-combatants Chaplain H. B. Hibben deserves especial notice for valuable assistance to Surgeon Thompson, which was cheerfully rendered until all our wounded were cared for and made as comfort- able as the circumstances would admit. Quartermaster Pope also ren- dered much assistance to the wounded, and was indefatigable in his efforts to bring up our train at the proper time with much-needed com- forts for our men. I herewith inclose a correct list of our killed and wounded.* Respectfully, G. F. McGINNIS, Colonel Eleventh Indiana. Col. MORGAN L. SMITH, Commanding First Brigade, Third Division. No. 36. Report of Col. Alvin P. Jlovey, Twenty-fourth Indiana Infantry. CAMP FIRST BRIGADE, THIRD Div., DEPT. OF Miss., Battle-field, near Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 8, 1862. SIR: On Sunday, the 6th instant, my regiment, in connection with the First Brigade of the Third Division, was ordered to march from Crumps Landing, Tenn., to the field of action at this place. We ar- rived a little after sundown, while the musketry was still ringing and cannon roaring, with my regiment on the extreme right and in front. Before arriving we had been informed that the enemy occupied the right of the road in force. Under the directions of Colonel Smith, command- ing the brigade, skirmishers were thrown out, and my regiment rapidly marched forward and formed in line of battle before some tents, sup- posed to be occupied by the enemy. On being challenged, however, they proved to be Birges Sharpshooters, and we were received with cheers instead of bullets. Here the whole brigade bivouacked for the night, sleeping on their arms, under one of the most severe rains of the season. About 5.30 oclock on Monday morning, the 7th instant, the battle Embodied in revised statement, p. 102 Page 192 192 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXIL opened on our left by forces supposed to be under command of General Buell. Our brigade was immediately formed in line of battle, my regi- ment upon the extreme left, in an open field, and marched rapidly on what I supposed to be the center of the enemy. About 6.30 oclock a. m. we threw out skirmishers in advance, and received the first fire of the enemy. From this point we passed through a small woodland ravine into an open field, and at a double-quick rushed rapidly forward to a slight depression, where our men were halted to support one of our batteries, which was playing with deadly effect upon one of the rebel batteries. At this point we again threw out skirmishers, who fired with terrible effect upon the officers and men who were manning the rebel batteries. The enemy being again driven back, our brigade was thrown in advance of our artillery into a narrow skirt of woods between two fields. Here we were halted a short time, and the shell and shot of our battery and the battery of the enemy rained thick and fast above and around us. Again the enemy slowly retired in order, and we were pressed rapidly through another field, halted, threw out skirmishers, and a stubborn conflict ensued. About 11 oclock a. m. three gallant officers of my regimentLieuten- ant-Colonel Gerber, Captain McGuffin, and Lieutenant Southwickfell. Captain Spicely, Captain Bolton, Lieutenant Smith, Lieutenant Butler, and several non-commissioned officers and privates were wounded. Our skirmishers and battery again forced the rebel forces back, and our brigade followed rapidly into the woods, and a terrible conflict of musketry ensued, which continued for several hours, the enemy con- testing every inch, but retiring before us. During the day every com- pany of my regiment was deployed as skirmishers and did good serv- ice. They were generally under the superintendence of Captain Spicely, who acted as major until the fall of Lieutenant-Colonel Gerber. From that time Captain Spicely acted as lieutenant-colonel and Adjutant Barter as major of the regiment. I cannot speak too highly of their effective services on that occasion. They were cool, brave, and de- termined, and had the full confidence of the men. Captain Spicely, though wounded and stunned by a ball on the temple, continued on the field the whole day and performed the full duties of a true soldier. I say, with a pride I cannot conceal, that the Twenty-fourth never faltered nor gave back one inch from the first charge in the morning until the enemy gave way in the evening. In an exposed condition in the open field, over hill, valley, and woodland for more than 3 miles, assailed by every missile known in modern war, their march was onward, with loud cheers and full confidence in victory. The conduct of my offi- cers and men meets with my unqualified approbation. I herewith transmit a list of the killed and wounded of my regiment.* Permit me, through you, to tender to Col. Morgan L. Smith my thanks for the cool, brave, determined, and effective manner in which he man- aged our brigade during that glorious and trying day. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, ALYiX P. HOVEY, Colonel, Commanding Twenty-fourth Regiment Indiana Vols. Lieut. P. C. COLEMAN, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Gen, First Brigade, Third Division. * Embodied in revised statement, p. 102 Page 193 CHAP. XXIL.1 PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 193 No. 37. Report of Ool. John ilL Thayer, First Nebraska Infantry, commanding Second Brigade. HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, THIRD DIVISION, Army in the Field, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the part taken by the Second Brigade in the battle of Pittsburg: Early on Sunday morning, the 6th instant, hearing at my camp at Stony Lonesome heavy cannonading in the direction of Pittsburg, I immediately caused my command to be put in state of preparation to march at a moments notice, and anxiously awaited orders. Soon Major- t~eneral Wallace and staff rode up and he gave me the desired com- mand to move to the scene of action. At 12 oclock the brigade was in the line of march, the Sixty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Steedman, being directed by me to remain at that point, in conjunction with Colonel Kinneys Ohio regiment, for the purpose of preventing an approach of the enemy by Adamsville road. We arrived upon the field at Pittsbnrg at dark, and throwing out a strong force of pickets in front of our line we bivouacked in order of battle, the troops lying down with their arms in their hands. During the night a severe thunder-storm came on. Those who slept awoke ~ find themselves in a drenching rain, but they bore their hard- ships with fortitude and cheerfulness. Capt. Noah S. Thompson, of the Ninth Battery Indiana Light Artil- lery, having come up in the night and placed his battery in position in the open field in front, at daylight on the morning of the 7th I moved the First Nebraska, Lieutenant-Colonel McCord, forward, so that its left rested on the battery. I then placed the Twenty-third Indiana, CoL W. L. Sanderson, on the right of the First Nebraska, having the Fifty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Bausenwein, immediately in the rear of the two. While is this position Thompsons battery opened fire upon a bat- tery of the enemy, discovered upon the hill directly in front. Having silenced it, I received orders from General Wallace in person to advance en 6chelon. I did ~o across the deep ravine and up the steep declivity where the rebel gnus had been planted, keeping Captain Baumer and his company of the First Nebraska as skirmishers in advance, which movement was executed in good order. Here the general directed a change of front of his division, which was executed by a left wheel of the whole line. Advancing in line a short distance, we were soon under a heavy fire of the enemys guns, both artillery and infantry. Moving forward we emerged from the timber into a small, cleared field, where Captain Thompson, having moved forward, also planted his battery. I then moved the brigade by the right flank nearly half a mile into the limber again, for the purpose of extending our line to the right, and ~ hen forward to the brow of a steep hill, where we remained some three- quarters of an hour, when the enemys battery was again silenced. The order then came from General Wallace to move forward. We did so, and emerged from the timber into a large, open field. Moving my brigade in full line of battle, reserving our fire, we crossed a deep ravine and passed up onto the ridge beyond under a terrible fire of musketry and artillery from the rebels. Arriving on the brow of this ridge I gave the order to open on them, which was promptly done. Our firo told with fatal effect, for they immediately fell back. A few 13 R RvOL Page 194 194 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. moments previous to this, observing a body of the rebel cavalry advanc- ing on the outskirts of the timber on my extreme right, evidently with the intention of flanking us, 1 directed Colonel Sanderson, of the Twenty-third Indiana, to move by the right flank some 20 rods, so as to bring his regiment directly in front of them and to drive them back; a movement which he promptly and successfully accomplished. On getting in front of them the cavalry discharged their carbines. The Twenty-third Indiana immediately returned their fire, and under the lead of their colonel then pressed forward, and the right-flank com- pany of the First Nebraska, Captain Baumer, also giving them a right- oblique fire, when the rebels at once fled in confusion. Still fearing a flank movement of the enemy, and observing Colonel Whittlesey com- ing up with two regiments, I rode to him, a requested him to move as rapidly as possible to my right, which he readily did. The action now became general along the line. I again gave the order Forward, and the line advanced as regularly and with a front as unbroken as upon the parade ground, the First Nebraska, Lieutenant-Colonel Mc- Cord, moving up directly in front of the enemys battery. Advancing about 20 rods and finding the enemy had made another stand, I ordered a halt and directed another fire upon them, which continued some fif- teen minutes, when, discovering the enemy again receding, we pushed on nearly half a. mile, halting as we ascended the brow of each hill (the ground being composed of hills and valleys) and giving theni3~another volley and then moving forward again. Perceiving the enemys battery again in position, supported by heavy bodies of infantry, another halt was ordered and another fire opened upon them, which became continuous along my whole line. The battle now raged with unabated fury for nearly two hours. The enemy~s bat- tery was exceedingly well served, it having obtained excellent range. I had no artillery to oppose to it, but the fire of our infantry was terrific and incessant and was admirably directed, the men loading and firing at will with great rapidity. Learning from Colonel McCord and Major Livingston that the ammu- nition of the First Nebraska was nearly exhausted, and from Major Dister, of the Fifty-eighth Ohio, that theirs also was nearly out, I rode to General Wallace, who was on the left of the division, and requested of him a fresh regiment. He at once ordered forward the Seventy-sixth Ohio, Colonel Woods, which I conducted to my line, and directed the First Nebraska to file by the right of companies to the rear, when the Seventy-sixth took its place. The First Nebraska and the Fifty-eighth Ohio then fell back a few rods to a ravine. These movements were executed with perfect order. My ammunition wagons having failed to come np on account of the ravines, which were impassable for teams, over which we had crossed, General Wallace sent me one of his own, which fortunately had arrived by another route. The two regiments refilled their cartridge-boxes, and in twenty minutes from the time they left the line they were again in their position before the enemy; but the enemy was now fleeing. The general here ordered forward his whole division in pursuit, himself leading it, which was continued for a mile and a halt; when we biv- ouacked for the night. Thus did we drive the enemy before us from 5 oclock in the morning till 5 oclock in the evening, never receding an inch, but pressing steadily forward over a distance of 4 miles, the en emy contesting the ground rod by rod with a courage and determina- tion that would have honored a better cause. I cannot speak in terms of too high praise of the officers and soldier Page 195 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 195 under my command; their conduct was most gallant and brave through- out. They fought with the ardor and zeal of true patriots. It gives me pleasure to speak of the different regiments and their officers. Nobly did the First Nekraska sustain its reputation well earned on the field of Donelson. Its progress was onward during the whole day in face of a galling fire of the enemy, moving on without flinching, at one time being an hour and a half iu front of their battery receiving and returning its fire. Its conduct was most excellent. Lieut. Col. W. D. MeCord and Maj. II. II. Livingston, of this regiment, were constantly in the thickest of the fight, executing every order with the utmost promptness and alacrity. They are deserving of the highest commendation for their gallantry. The Twenty-third Indiana, by its conduct on the field, won my un- qualified admiration. It moved constantly forward under the lead of its brave commander, Colonel Sanderson, under a heavy fire, charging upon the enemys cavalry~ and utterly routing them. The coolness and courage of the colonel aided much iu the success of the movements of the brigade. Lieut. Col. D. C. Anthony and Maj. W. P. Davis, of the same regiment, behaved gallantly through the action and were ever at the post of duty. The former had his horse shot under him. The regi- ment, with its colonel and other officers, have earne(l distinguished honors for themselves and for the noble State which sent them into the field. The Fifty-eighth Ohio proved themselves worthy of the confidence reposed in theni. They fought with unabated courage during the day, never yielding, but firmly advancing, pressing the enemy before them. They have my highest esteem for their noble conduct in this battle. Colonel Bausenwein, Lieutenant-Colonel iRempel, and Major Dister, of this regiment, were conspicuous for their coolness and bravery through- out the day. Ever exposed to imminent danger, they readily performed every duty and handled their regiment most admirably. Most honorable mention is due to Surg. E. B. Harrison, of the Sixty- eighth Ohio, surgeon of the brigade, and to William McClellan, assistant surgeon of the First Nebraska, for their prompt attention to the wounded. They labored at the hospitals with ceaseless devotion for days and nights after the battle in administering relief. Their services were invaluable. I must also express my obligations to the members of my staffS. A. Strickland, acting assistant adjutant-general; my aides-de-camp, Capt. Allen Blacker and Lieut. William S. Whittin, and also to Lieutenant- Colonel Scott and Captain Richards, of the Sixty-eighth Ohio, and Mr. George E. Spencer, who acted as volunteer aidesfor their prompt conveyance and execution of orders in the face of all danger. I directed the men to lie down when not engaged, and to fire kneel- ing and lying down as much as possible, and also to take advantage of the ground whenever it could be done. By adopting this course and continuing it throughout the day I have no doubt but that the lives of hundreds of our men were saved. In conclusion, I may be permitted to congratulate the general upon the part his division took and upon the success which attended all his movements in the memorable battle at Pittsburg. I have the honor to be, very truly, yours, JOHN M. THAYER, Gol. 1st Nebr., Comdg. 2d Brig., 3d Div., Army in the Field. Capt. FRED. KNEFLER, Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Division Page 196 196 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. No~ 38. Report of Cot. William L. Sanderson, Twenty-third Indiana Infantry. IIDQRs. TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT INDIANA VOLS., in the Field, near Pitt~b~rg, March 10, 1862. SIR: I herewith submit a report of the part taken by the Twenty- third Regiment, nnder my command, in the battle of Pittsburg. Early in the morning of the 6th (Sunday) I received orders from Acting Brig- adier-General Thayer, commanding Second Brigade, to which the Twenty-third is attached, to hold myself in readiness to march at a moments warning. At 12 oclock m. took np the line of march, and arrived at Pittsburg at 6 oclock p. in., where we lay upon our arms in line of battle that night in a drenching rain. At sunrise of the 7th I was directed to move my regiment by the right flank about 100 rods, and then by the left flank, which placed me on the right of the First Nebraska, the left of which regiment rested on Thompsons battery (Indiana), which had been put in position during the night in our front. We remained in this position until the enemys battery was silenced by Thompsons. Our line was then ordered forward by General Thayer, across a deep ravine and up a steep hill. There our brigade changed direction by a left half wheel. We then moved steadily forward, in line of battle, under a heavy fire. Emerging from the timber, we came into an open field, and were then moved by the right flank about half a mile. We remained in this position half an hour, when another battery of the enemy was silenced. We then moved by the right flank, in order to 1)revent a flank movement by the enemy. After advancing half a mile I received orders from General Thayer to move still farther to the right and attack a body of cavalry that was observed in force in the act of charging upon us, their design evidently being to turn our flank. Be- fore getting into position they fired upon us. At the same time I opened fire with tremendous effect, which caused them to waver, and after five or six well-directed rounds they fled in utter confusion axid with heavy loss. The brigade was then moved steadily forward by General Thayer in line of battle, driving the enemy before us for nearly half a mile, when they again made a desperate stand. After two hours hard fighting the enemy retreated. The fire of my regiment being directed obliquely to the left, and that of the First Nebraska direct to the front, told with terrible effect upon the enemy. A short time before the final retreat of the enemy, Buells battery, under command of Lieutenant Thurber, was brought forward, and ren- dered us considerable aid. We followed the enemy about 11 miles, and then halted and remained under arms during the night in a hard rain. During the day Company A, in command of First Lieut. Thomas Kremenz~ Company B, in command of Lieutenant Dorrough, and Com- pany G, ~5apt. A. Tubbs, were alternately thrown out as skirmishers, and performed their duties to my entire satisfaction. I am much indebted to Lient. Col. D. C. Anthony for his assistance during the day. He was with his regiment from the opening to the closing of the fight, and had his horse killed under him during the ac- tion. Also to Maj. W. P. Davis, for the prompt and efficient manner in which he executed all my orders. He acted with that coolness and bravery which characterize a true soldier. And now to my gallant adjutant, E. Commandeur, who was equal to every emergency, and per- formed all the duties pertaining to his office in carrying out my orders strictly and promptly as becomes a soldier. Capts. II. C. Ferguson, Company I; Alouzo Tubbs, Company G; John S. Davis, jr., Compan Page 197 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 197 F; Thomas P. Moore, Company II; First Lieuts. N. W. Smith, com- manding Company C; Thomas Kremenz, commanding Company A; W. M. Dorrough, commanding Company B; John T. McQuiddy, com- manding Company E; Jerome Beers, commanding Company K; Jesse T. Gleason, commanding Company ID, I am happy to say, performed their whole duty with credit to themselves and their commands. First Lieuts. L. C. Malbon, Company G; II. C. Moore, Company F; John Goad, Company H; B. F. Walter, and Second Lieuts. M. N. ilurley, Company D; L. P. Berry, Company E; Charles W. Speake, Company F; J. W. Custer, Company I, have my thanks for the able manner in which they supported their company commanders. To our very able and efficient surgeons, Drs. M. Brucker and L. P. Tebbets, to whom on this occasion I feel indebted for their kind and successful treatment of onr wonnded upon the field and at the hospital. To our acting sergeant- major, Louis A. Fogel, I am much indebted for his promptness in car- rying my orders to and fro. And last, though not least, our worthy chaplain, the Rev. John ID. Rogers, the good Samaritan, who so nobly ministered to the wants of the dying and wounded, and who busied himself for hours after the battle in seeing that all of onr dead were properly and decently interred, can only receive his reward hereafter. Annexed you will find the list of killed wounde Very respectfully, , d, and missing.* W. L. SANDERSON, Colonel, Commanding Twenty-third Indiana Regiment. S. A. STRICKLAND, A. A. A. C., Second Brigade, Third Division. No. 39. Report of Ijeut. Col. William D. AleCord, First Nebraska Infantry. IIDQRS. FIRST REGIMENT NEBRASKA VOLUNTEERS, In the Field, near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to present the following report of the part taken by the First Regiment Nebraska Volunteers in the battle of April 7, 1862, at Pittsburg: On Sunday, April 6, at about 12 oclock in., my regiment was moved by order of Colonel Thayer from camp 2 miles west of Crumps Land- ing, with a view to connect with the forces under General Grant at Pitts- burg. We reached the encampment of our troops near Pittsburg about 7 oclock p. m. Sunday night and bivouacked under a heavy rain-storm. Company G, Captain McConihe commanding, was thrown forward as a picket about 200 yards in advance of the regiment. About 5.30 a. m. the regiment was moved forward in support of Captain Thompsons Ninth Battery Indiana Light Artillery, occupying a position on its right in an open field immediately in front of a deep ravine and a high ridge beyond. After a short engagement with three of the enemys guns posted on the ridge in our front we were advanced, by order of Brigadier-General Thayer, driving the enemy before us, and forming a new line of battle one-half mile forward, at which place the enemy opened a most terrific fire of grape and canister on us, killing 1 ser- geant and wounding 1 lieutenant and 1 color guard. The regiment was ordered to lie down, or we could not possibly have escaped as well as we did. The enemy was again dislodged. Again we advanced, moving to the right, and forming a new line of battle just under the * Embodied in revised statement, p. 102 Page 198 198 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. brow of a hill, within about 150 yards of a large battery of the enemy, which, owing to our position, did us no harm whatever. The enemys gnns being silenced, we were by General Thayer again ordered forward, and formed our line iu a field, our right resting on the left of the Twenty-third Indiana. There our regiment opened fire upon a body of the enemy who were charging on our line and repulsed them. Again we were ordered forward, and formed a line in a new direction (the enemy having tried to flauk us on our left), and opened fire upou the enemy~s forces, who were advancing in support of one of their bat. teries. Here we received the most destructive fire that had yet been opened upon us, losing 3 killed and quite a number wounded, amongst whom were Captain MeConibe, Lieutenants Weatherwax, Gillette, Curran, and a number of our non-commissioned officers and privates. The enemys fire was returned antil the men became short of ammuni- tion, when we were relieved by the Seventy-sixth Ohio, Colonel Woods, our regiment marching through his, by the right of companies to the rear into column. Colonel Woods regiment then took our position, while we retired to a ravine in our rear and replenished our aminuni- tion. The movements of both regiments were conducted and executed as orderly as could be done on the parade ground. After refilling our cartridge-boxes we again advanced to our 01(1 position. My regiment was in the action from 5.30 a. m. until 5 p. in., and I am proud to say that it steadily advanced and never receded an inch, being at one time alone engaged with one of the enemy~s batteries for about twenty min- utes. I cannot conclude without expressing myself in the warmest terms in praise of the gallant conduct of the following officers: Maj. 1111. IR. Livingston; First Lient. F. L. Cramer, acting adjutant; First Lient. N. J. Sharp, commanding, and Second Licut. J. McF. ilagood, of Coin- ~any A; Captain Batimer, commanding, and First and Second Lieu- tenants Bimmerman and Lubbes, of Company 13; Captain Majors, commanding, and First and Second Lieutenants Berger and Ivory of Company C; First Lient. Lee P. Gillette, commanding, and Second Lieutenant Provost, Conipany D; First Lieut. S. M. Curran, command- ing Company E; First Lient. J. P. Murphy, commanding, and Second Lient. Fred. Smith, Company F; Capt. John MeConihe, commanding, and First and Second Lieutenants Weatherwax and Ilance, Company G; First Lient. L. M. Sawyer, commanding~ and Second Lieutenant Clarke, Company H; Second Lieut. Emory Peck, commanding Com- pany I, and Second Lient. Edward Donovan, coin inanding Company K, together with the non commissioned officers and privates enga~ed in this hard-fought battle. Particularly do I present to your notice Maj. IR. It. Livingston, and First Lient. F. L. Cramer, acting adjutant of the regiment, whose efficiency in carrying orders and otherwise aid- ing me is worthy of all praise; also Dr. William McClellan, assistant surgeon, who most promptly and kindly attended to the wounded, rendering them the most signal service, and receiving from all the most glowing encomiums for his celerity and skill, rendering aid alike to friend and foe.* I have the honor to be, colonel, your most obedient servant, WM. D. MoCORD, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. First Regt. Nebraska Volunteers. S. A. STRICKLAND, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Brigade. Embodied in revised statement, p. 102 Page 199 CHAP. XXII.) PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENY. 199 No. 40. Report of Cot. Valentine Bausenwein, Fifty-eighth Ohio Infantry. IIDQRS. FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT 01110 VOLUNTEERS, Camp mar Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to present herewith a report of the part which the Fifty-eighth Regiment took in the battle of the 7th instant, near Pittsburg, Tenn. The Fifty-eighth Regiment, belonging to the Third Division, Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace, Second Brigade, Col. J. M. Thayer, First Nebraska, cornmandi~g, was stationed on the left shore of the Tennessee River. Sunday, the 6th of April, in the morning, we received orders to be ready for marching at a moments notice. At 12 oclock m. the whole brigade moved forward. We marched all the after- noon in quick-time through ravines and swamps until we arrived, about an hour after dusk, at a point a mile south of Pittsburg Landing. The enemy being only about three-quarters of a mile distant, no fires were made, and the regiment laid on their arms all night. With daylight the firing commenced, and our regiment received orders to fall into line of battle. The Fifty~eighth was first posted in the rear of the First Nebraska, but after leaving the woods and reaching open ground we fell in the line of the First Nebraska, and in that position we advanced all day, the enemy contesting with great valor every inch of ground. Having passed into a large open field we became engaged with the en- emy, which lasted some twenty minutes, where I received orders from Colonel Thayer to press forward into the timber. Having passed into the woods and ascending a steep hill we found onrselves opposed to two regiments of the enemy, drawn up in line of battle. We attacked them forthwith. The action continued for nearly two hours. Our men stood their ground bravely. Their ammunition being nearly exhausted, we fell back a few rods to a ravine, for the purpose of procuring a new supply. After procuring it we moved forward into line again, when the enemy fled. The officers and men of my regiment did their duty throughout the whole day. Especially do 1 desire to make mention of Lieutenant- Colonel Rempel, Major Dister, and Lieutenant Scheid, acting adjutant (Adjutant Christie being absent on special duty), who during the whole engagement behaved with great coolness, and were always with me in the advance, under the heaviest fire of the enemy. Our loss is, officers wounded, 2; non-commissioned officers and pri- vates, 39; killed, 10.~ I am, very respectfully, yours, BAUSENWEIN, Colonel, Cornmanding. S. A. STRICKLAND, A. A. A. G., Second Brigade. No. 41. Report of aol. Charles Whittiesey, Twentieth Ohio I~fantry, commanding Third Brigade. CAMP SHILOH, Near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee Rirer, April 8, 1862. SIR: Of the four regiments Ohio Volunteers constituting the Third * But ~ee revised statement, p. 102 Page 200 200 KY., TENN., ~. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. X~. Brigade, under my command, stationed at Adamsvllle on the 6th instant, the Fifty.sixth, Colonel Kinney, was byorder left as a guard to the stores on the road to Crumps Landing. The Twentieth. Lieutenant.Colonel Force; Seventy-sixth, Colonel Woods, and Seventy-eighth, Colonel Leggett, received orders to march with their trains about 2 p. in., and to advance toward Pittsburg Landing, in advance of the trains, at 4 p. m. These three regiments reached the right of General Grants camp soon after dark, and formed in line under the direction of Major-General Wallace, where they remained during the night, supporting Bulliss? battery, in command of Lieutenant Thurber. The brigade, under General Wallaces direction, kept the extreme right of the line during the action of the 7th instant, with the excep- tion of a short period about 11 a. in., when it formed in front of the enemy at the left of Colonel Thayers brigade, to support, by his special request, Colonel Stuart, commanding the Second Brigade of General Shermans division, who was hotly engaged. About noon, firing being heard to the rear of the right of the line of battle, I was directed by General Wallace to take two regiments there, Colonel Woods remaining as last above stated. I went as directed to the right and found that the firing proceeded from the enemys sharp- shooters, who retired as we advanced. The Twentieth and Seventy- eighth were then formed in rear of a field which lies on the north side of the Purdy road, on the south side of which the enemy had a battery of two pieces within short range that opened upon us. Some other pieces of theirs and some infantry were engaging the Twenty-third Indiana and First Nebraska on my left. As a retreat of the enemy appeared close at hand I advanced the Twentieth Regiment a few min- utes into the field to take them in flank, and then retired to the edge of the woods. The Seventy-eighth was in close supporting distance in rear of the Twenty-fonrth Indiana and Twentieth Ohio and also under fire of the two-gun battery. Our infantry making little impression upon this battery, I procured from General Wallace five guns of Lieutenant Thurbers command, which came speedily into position, but the pieces against which they were to operate had been withdrawn when Lieu- tenant Thurber arrived. There being signs of a retreat farther to the south, Lieutenant Thurber was directed to sweep the ground in our front, which he did with his two howitzers and three smooth bores in fine style. This closed the engagement in this part of the field at about 3p. m. Two prisoners captured near there, one of them an officer of the Creole Guard, state that General Beauregard was endeavoring to form a line for a final and desperate charge on our right when Lieutenant Thurber opened upon him, and the result was a disorderly retreat. Colonel Woods, of the Seventy-sixth, moved along the line as the battle progressed to the westward, and took the place of the First Nebraska while it went for a supply of cartridges. He reports the con- duct of his men under fire as all he could desire. l2he enemys sharpshooters annoyed the Twentieth very much, par- ticularly the field officers, wounding Captain Rogers, of Company A, in command of our skirmishers. This regiment and the right of Colonel Leggetts were exposed nearly an hour to a very precise fire of the two- gun battery, which they bore with remarkable coolness. Eighteen prisoners were taken by this brigade Page 201 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 201 Our loss is 2 killed a wounded. nd 1 mortally, 8 severely, and 21 slightly I am, your obedient servant, CHAS. WHITTLESEY, Colonel, Comdg. Third Brig., Third Div., Army of the Tennessee. Capt. FRED. KNEFLER, A. A. G., Third Division, District of West Tennessee. No. 42. Report of Lieut. Col. Manning F. Force, Twentieth Ohio Infantry. CAMP SHILOH, April 25, 1862. CAPTAIN: The Twentieth Ohio, under my command (Colonel Whit- tlesey commanding thd brigade), arrived after dark from Adamsville at the camp of the Fifty-first Ohio, near Pittsburg Landing. It was posted for the night on the northern slope of a ravine, and there lay on their arms in line of battle till morning. 1~Jy picket, in taking post, encoun- tered a mounted picket of the enemy, who hastily withdrew. Changing thepositionofthepicket,atthebeginningofdawnIwentonthehig~ land on the opposite side of the ravine with the lieutenant of the guard and there found one of the rebel pickets. Returning, the regiment took post as ordered by Colonel Whittlesey; Company ID, Captain McElroy, was stationed in a log house outside of the extreme right and the other companies drawn in line in a slight hollow. The enemy promptly began fire with musketry and hollow shot, but soon ceased. The brigade then marched across the ravine in line; the Twentieth, on the left and in the rear as a reserve, advanced across an open field and into the woods, keeping to the right of the Second Brigade and at the extreme right of our army. Company A, Captain William Rogers, was sent in advance as skirmishers, and the brigade halted on the crest of a steep hiJi, where the enemys guns, at 800 yards, opened an occasional fire upon us, but the men being kept lying down behind the crest, only one man (a private of Company K) was wounded. Under an order from Colonel Whittlesey bayonets were fixed and the regiment (with the Seventy-sixth) marched down the hill and along a valley filled with morass and almost impenetrable thicket toward the battery which had played upon us. This valley was evidently regarded as impracticable and as a sufficient defense. While in that position, however, some loud command drew attention and we were fired upon with spherical case shot. Only one (a private of company K) was wounded. The battery withdrew before we emerged upon high ground. Here we were halted near General Shermans camp, while one of hi~ brigades (Colonel Stuarts) filed by to take part in the very hot con- test then raging in front. Company A, having taken two prisoners, here took its place in the battahon. Word coming to the brigade for assistance, we were marched by the flank to the right and then forward toward the firing. Just then, sharp firing suddenly breaking out still farther to the right, we were again marched by the flank to the right. Here, the Seventy-sixth being ordered to take place temporarily in But see revised statement, p. 102 Page 202 202 KY., TENN., N. MISS,, N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. another brigade, the Twentieth continued alone. Approaching an open field and taking a prisoner, apparently stationed as a picket, a section of brass field pieces stationed there opened upon us with round shot and canister. The regiment marching steadily on with fixed bayonets, the enemy, after two or three rounds, limbered up and galloped off as we reached the inclosure. Captain William Rogers, of Company A, was struck in his shoulder and obliged to withdraw. No one else was struck. We were then ordered into the field, iii order to take upon the flank a colnmn of the enemy which was expected to retreat in that direction. While the battalion was here lying on the ground sharpshooters kept up a fire upon the field officers. I sent a detachment of Company A, who killed 1, captured 1, and dispersed the rest, and reported that the guns had withdrawn to a camp (camp of the Forty-sixth Ohio) and were then moving into a new position. The battalion was withdrawn from the field and ordered to lie fiat upon the ground behind a three-railed fence. A severe and exceedingly well-aimed fire was opened upon us by the guns now placed in the woods across the open field. Muskets and bayonets at all exposed were bent and snapped off; my sword was struck, but the men were so well sheltered that but 1 was killed and 10 were wounded. The Twentieth forming the extreme right of the army and exposed to be flanked I changed front of the two right companies, making their right rest near a ravine at the rear and their left near the remainder of the battalion, and sent out a party of skirmishers and scouts, under command of First Lieutenant Ayres, now commanding Company A. This party sent in as prisoners 3 officers and 15 men. Three pieces of artillery brought up by Colonel Whittlesey putting an end to all contest at this quarter, the Twentieth took its place in the division, which was then formed into one line of battle, and thus ad- vanced into the country some distance beyond the outer line of the encampment. Obtaining permission, I sent Company A, Lieutenant Ayres corn- utanding, a mile in advance, to pick up stragglers of the enemy. He came upon a hospital filled with wounded rebels, attended by five rebel surgeons; saw a detachment of cavalry burning a large subsistence train, and was just deploying into the woods when he was recalled, in consequence of the order for the division to fall back within the lines for the night. One private slipped out of the ranks unobserved. With this excep tion every officer and man behaved admirably. Every order was exe- cuted as promptly and quietly as upon a parade ground. I can par- ticularize only Maj. J. N. McElroy, for his valuable assistance in corn- manding the regiment, and First Lieut. L. N. Ayres, of Company A, for efficient service in handling skirmishers and scouts. A list of casualties and prisoners taken is appended.* I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. F. FORCE. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Third Brigade, Third Division. * These lists show 1 man killed, 1 officer and 11 men wounded, and 1 man missing. Also 3 officer8 and 18 men captured from the enemy. But see revised statement, p. 102 Page 203 CHAP. XXH. PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 203 No. 43. Reports of Brig. Gen. AS~tephen A. Iluribut, U. A~. Army, Gommandina Fourth Division, Army of the Tennessee. HDQRS. FOURTH DIVISION, ARMY OF WEST TENNESSEE, April 12, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report in brief the part taken by my divis- ion in the battle of the 6th and 7th of April. Oil Sunday morning, April 6, about 7.30 a. in., I received a message from Brigadier-General Sherman that he was attacked in force ,and heavily, upon his left. I immediately ordered Col. J. C. Veatch, com- manding the Second Brigade, to proceed to the left of General Sherman. This brigade, consisting of the Twenty-fifth Indiana, Fourteenth, Fif- teenth, and Forty-sixth Illinois, was in march in ten minutes, arrived on General Shermans line rapidly, and went into action. I must refer to Colonel Veatchs report for the particulars of that day. Receiving in a few moments a pressing request for aid from Briga- dier-General Prentiss, I took command in person of the First and Third Brigades, respectively commanded by Col. N. G. Williams, of the Third Iowa, and Brig. Gen. J. G. Lanman. The First Brigade consisted of the Third Iowa, Forty-first Illinois, Twenty-eighth Illinois, and Thirty- second Illinois the Third Brigade, of the Thirty-first Indiana, Forty- fourth Indiana Seventeenth Kentucky, and Twenty-fifth Kentucky. In addition I took with me the First and Second Battalions of the Fifth Ohio Cavalry, Manns light battery, four pieces, commanded by First Lient. E. Brotzmann; Ross battery, Second Michigan, and Myers battery, Thirteenth Ohio. As we drew near the rear and left of Gen- eral Prentiss line his regiments in br advance, that gallant officer oken masses, drifted through my making every effort to rally them. I formed my line of battlethe First Brigade thrown to the front on the southerly side of a large open field, the Third Brigade continuing the line with an obtuse angle around the other side of the field and extending some distance into the brush and timber; Manns battery was placed in the angle of the line, Ross battery some distance to the left, and the Thirteenth Ohio Battery on the right and somewhat ad- vanced in cover of the timber, so as to concentrate the fire npon the open ground in frontand waited for the attack. A single shot from the enemys batteries struck in Myers Thirteenth Ohio Battery, when officers and men, with a common impulse of disgraceful cowardice, abandoned the entire battery, horses, caissons, and gutis, and fled, and I saw them no more until Tuesday. I called for volunteers from the artillery. The call was answered, and 10 gallant men from Manns battery and Ross battery brought in the horses, which were wild, and 51)iked the pieces. The attack commenced on the Third Brigade, through the thick timber, and was met and repelled by a steady and continuous fire, which rolled the enemy back in confusion, after some half hour of struggle, leaving many dead and wounded. The glimmer of bayonets on the left and front of the First Brigade showed a large force of the enemy gathering, and an attack was soon made on the Forty-first Illinois and Twenty-eighth on the left of the brigade, and the Thirty-second Illinois and Third Iowa on the right. At the same time a strong force of very steady and gallant troops formed in columns, doubled on the center, and advanced over the open field in front. They were allowed to approach within 400 yards, when fire ~ ~1)ene(1 from Manns and Ross batteries, alI(1 from the two righ Page 204 204 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CiAr. XXII. regiments of the First Brigade and the Seventeenth and Twenty.frfth Kentucky, which were thrown forward slightly, so as to flank the col- umn. Under this withering fire they vainly attempted to deploy, but soon broke and fell back under cover, leaving not less than 150 dead and wounded as evidence how our troops maintained their position. The attack on the left was also repulsed, but as the ground was covered with brush the loss could not be judged. General Prentiss having succeeded in rallying a considerable portion of his command, I permitted him to pass to the front of the right of my Third Brigade, where they redeemed their honor by maintaining that line for some time while ammunition was supplied to my regi- ments. A series of attacks upon the right and left of my line were readily repelled, until I was compelled to order Ross battery to the rear, on account of its loss in men and horses. During all this time Manns battery maintained its fire steadily, effectively, and with great rapidity, nuder the excellent handling of Lient. E. Brotzmann. For five hours these brigades maintained their position under re- peated and heavy attacks, and endeavored, with their thin ranks, to hold the space between Stuart and McClcrnand, and did check every attempt to penetrate the line, when, about 3 oclock, Colonel Stuart, on my left, sent me word that he was driven in, and that I would be flanked on the left in a few moments. It was necessary for me to decide at once to abandon either the right or left. I considered that Prentiss could, with the left of General MeClernands troops, probably hold the right, and sent him notice to reach out toward the right and drop back steadily parallel with my First Brigade, while I rapidly moved Gen- eral Laumans from the right to the left, and called up two 20-pounder pieces of Major Cavenders battalion, to check the advance of the enemy upon the First Brigade. These pieces were taken into action by Dr. Cornyn, the surgeon of the battalion, and Lieutenant Edwards, and effectually checked the enemy for half an hour, giving me time to draw off my crippled artillery and to form a new front with the Third Bri- gade. In a few minutes two Texas regiments crossed the ridge separat- ing my line from Stuarts former one, while other troops also ad- vanced. Willards battery was thrown into position, under command of Lieutenant Wood, and opened with great effect upon the Lone Star flags, until their line of fire was obstructed by the charge of the Third Brigade, which, after delivering its fire with great steadiness, charged full up the hill and drove the enemy 300 or 400 yards. Per- ceiving that a heavy force was closing on the left, between my line and the river, while heavy lire continued on the right and front, I ordered the line to fall back. The retreat was made quietly and steadily and in good order. I had hoped to make a stand on the line of my camp, but masses of the enemy were pressing rapidly on each flank, while their light artillery was closing rapidly in the rear. On reaching the 24-pounder siege guns in battery near the river I again succeeded in forming line of battle in rear of the guns, and, by direction of Major- General Grant, I assumed command of all troops that came up. Broken regiments and disordered battalions came into line gradually upon my division. Major Cavender posted six of his 20-pounder pieces on my right, and I sent my aide to establish the light artillery, all that could be found, on my left. Many officers and men unknown to me, and whom I never desire to know, fled in confusion through the line. Many gallant soldiers and brave officers rallied steadily on the new Line. I passed to the right and found myself in communication with Ge Page 205 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 205 eral Sherman and received his instructions. In a short time the enemy appeared on the crest of the ridge, led by the Eighteenth Louisiana, but were cut to pieces by the steady and murderous fire of our artillery. Dr. Cornyn again took charge of one of the heavy 24-pounders, and the line of fire of that gun was the one upon which the other pieces con- centered. General Shermans artillery also was rapidly engaged, and after an artillery contest of some duration the enemy fell back. Cap- tain Gwin U S. Navy, had called upon me by one of his officers to mark the place the gunboats might take to open their fire. I advised him to take position oii the left of my camp ground and open fire as soon as our fire was within that line. He did so, and from my own observation and the statement of prisoners his fire was most effectual in stopping the advance of the enemy on Sunday afternoon and night. About dark the firing ceased. I advanced my division 100 yards to the front, threw out pickets, and officers and men bivouacked in a heavy storm of rain. About 12 p. m. General Nelsons leading coinmus passed through my line and went to the front, and I called in my advance guard. The remnant of my division was reunited, Colonel Veatch, with the Second Brigade, having joined me about 4.30 p. m. It appears from his reJ)ort, which I desire may be taken as part of mine, that soon after arriving on the field of battle, in the morning, the line of troops in front broke and fled through the lines of the Fifteenth and Forty-sixth Illinois without firing a shot, and left the Fifteenth exposed to a terri- ble fire, which they gallantly returned. Lieutenant-Colonel Ellis and Major Goddard were killed here early in action, and the regiment fell back. The same misfortune from the yielding of the front line threw the Forty-sixth Illinois into confusion, and, although the fire was re- turned by the Forty-sixth with great spirit, the opposing force drove back this unsupported regiment, Jolonel Davis in person bringing off the colors, in which gallant act he v as severely wounded. The Twenty- fifth Indiana and Fourteenth Illinois changed front, and held their ground on the new alignment until ordered to form on the left of Gen- eral MeClernands command. The Fifteenth and Forty-sixth were sepa- rated from the brigade, but fell into line with General McClernands right. The battle was sustained in this position, the left resting near my headquarters until the left wing was driven in. The Second Bri- gade fell back towards the river, and was soon followed by the First and Third, and reunited at the heavy guns. This closes the history of Sundays battle, so far as this division was comicerned. On Monday, about 8 a. in., my division was formed in line close to the river bank, and I obtained a few crackers for my men. About 9 a. m. I was ordered by General Grant to move up to the support of ~General MeClernand, then engaged near his own camp. With the First Brigade and Manns battery I moved forward under the direction of Captaih Rowley, aide-de-camp, and formed line on the left of General MeClernands, with whom that brigade and battery remained during the entire day, taking their full share of the varied for tunes of that division in the gallant charges and the desperate resistance which checkered that field. I am under great obligations to General McCler- nand for the honorable mention he has personally given to my troops, and have no doubt that his official report shows the same; and as they fought under his immediate eye, and he was in chief command, I leave this to him. The Second and Third Brigades went into action elsewhere, and again II am compelled to refer to the report of their immediate commanders Page 206 206 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. only saying that the Second Brigade led the charge ordered by General Grant until recalled by Major-General Buell, and that the Third Brigade was deeply and fiercely engaged on the right of General MeClernand, successfully stopping a movement to flank his right and holding their ground until the firing ceased. About 1 oclock of that day (Monday) General McCook having closed up with General McClernand and the enemy demonstrating in great force on the left, 1 went, by the request of General MeClernand, to the rear of his line to bring up fresh troops, and was engaged in pressing them forward until the steady advance of General Buell on the extreme left, the firmness of the center, and the closing in from the right of Generals Sherman and Wallace determined the success of the day, when I called in my exhausted brigades and led them to their camps. The ground was such on Sunday that I was un- able to use cavalry. Colonel Taylors Fifth Ohio Cavalry was drawn up in order of battle until near 1 oclock, in hope that some opening might offer for the use of this arm, and none appearing, I ordered the command withdrawn from the reach of shot. They were not in action again until the afternoon of Monday, when they were ordered to the front, but returned to their camps. Their subsequent conduct will be no doubt reported by the officer who conducted the special expedition of which they made a part. On Sunday the cavalry lost 1 man killed, 6 wounded, and 8 horses before they were withdrawn. The greater por- tion of Ross battery were captured on Sunday in the ravine near my camp. For the officers and men of my division I am at a loss for proper words to express my appreciation of their courage and steadiness. Where all did their duty so well I fear to do injustice by specially naming any. The fearful list of killed and wounded officers in my di- vision shows the amount of exposure which they met, while the returns of loss among the privates, who fell unnamed but heroic, without the hope of special mention, shows distinctly that the rank and file were animated by a true devotion and as firm a courage as their officers. Col- onel Williams, Third Iowa, commanding First Brigade, was disabled early in the action of Sunday by a cannon-shot, which killed his horse and paralyzed him, from which he has not yet fully recovered. The com- mand of the brigade devolved on Colonel Pugh, of the Forty-first Illi- nois, wholed it steadily and well through the entire battle. Colonel Pugh desires special mention to be made of Lient. F. Sessions, of Third Iowa, acting assistant adjutant-general. My own observations con- firm his report, and I recommend Lieutenant Sessions to the favorable consideration of the Department. Col. A. K. Johnson, of Twenty-eighth Illinois, was under my own eye during both days. I bear willing testi- mony to his perfect coolness and thorough handling of his regiment throughout the whole time, and to the fact that his regiment halted as a rear guard on Sunday afternoon during the retreat by his personal order and reported to me for orders before he closed into line. 4Jolonel Logan, of the Thirty-second, was severely wounded on Sunday; the lieutenant-colonel of the Forty-first fell about the same time, both in discharge of duty. So great were the casualties among officers, that the Third Iowa Regiment went into action on Monday in command of a first lieutenant. To Colonel Veatch, commanding the Second Brigade, my thanks are due for the skill with which he handled his brigade on detachedduty,and I refer to his report for the conduct and special notice of his officers. The Government, as I am informed, has recog- nized his former services by promotion; if not, he has won it now. Brig. Gen. J. G. Lauman, commanding the Third Brigade, took con Page 207 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 207 mand only 4he day before the battle. The brigade and their commander know each other now. I saw him hold the right of my line on Sunday with his small body of gallant men, only 1,717 strong, for three hours, and then, when changed over to the left, repel the attack of twice hi~ force for a fall honr of terrible fighting, closing by the most gallant and successful charge, which gave him time to draw off his force in order and comparative safety. His report renders full justice to his officers, among whom Colonel Reed, of the Forty-fourth Indiana, was especially distinguished. My owu thanks have been personally tendered on the field of battle to First Lient. E. Brotzmann, commanding Manns battery, and to his command. This battery fought both days under my personal inspec- tion. It was always ready, effective in execution, changing position promptly when required, and officers, men, and horses steady in action. Having lost one piece on Sunday, it was easy to distinguish the fire of this battery throughout Monday; in position first on General McCler- nands right, then on his center, then on the left, they everywhere ful- filled their duty. I specially recommend this officer for promotion. Captain Mann, of this battery, was unable to be in action. I recoin- mend that the officers of the Thirteenth Ohio Battery be mustered oat of service, and that the men and material remaining may be applied to filling up the ranks of some battery which has done honor to the service. My personal thanks are due to my personal staff. Capt. S. D. Atkins, acting assistant adjutant-general, rose from a sick bed, and was with me until I ordered him to the rear. He was absent about three hours, and returned and remained throughout the battle. Lient. J. C. Long, Ninth Regular Infantry, my aide, was peculiarly active, energetic, and daring in conveying my orders under heavy fire. He was fortunate in receiv- ing no wound, although one ball passed through his cap and one through his sleeve. Lieutenant Benner, my acting assistant quartermaster, acted as aide with great coolness and courage, and had his horse killed under him. Lieut. W. H. Dorchester joined me as volunteer aide on Sunday, and rendered valuable aid on Monday. I add statement of killed, wounded, and missing of the artillery SG far as reported.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. A. HURLBUT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Fourth Division. Capt. JOHN A. BAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General. uS a a a 8 a ~ 0 ~u 0 ~ P~ E~4 MEN. 5th Ohio Cavalry 1 6 Manns Missouri battery 3 141 2d Michigan Battery 41 -. - 48 13th Ohio Battery ~ Total see revised statement, p. 100. 5 32 48 7 i7 52 Page 208 208 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA, AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL Q bO ~ 8 0 8 Q C ~ 0 .~ .~ -~ ~ ~ 0 HORSES (Jap. tured. 5th Ohio Cavalry 8 8 Manns Missouri battery 34 34 2d Michigan Battery 8 44 27 79 13th Ohio Battery - Total 53 44 27 124 RECAPITULATION. I - Loss of the three infantry brigades 308 1, 417 175 1, 900 Add for artillery and cavalry 5 32 48 85 Total. 313 1,449 223 1,985 Less of guns end caissens.Second Michigan, two 10-pounder and two 12-pounder Parrotts; two 10. pounder and two 12-pounder caissons. [Indorsement.] HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Pittsburg, April 25, 1862. iRespectftilly forwarded to headquarters of the department. This is a fair candid report, assuming none too much for officers or men of the division. U. S. GRANT, Major- General. HDQRS. FOURTH Div., DIST. OF WEST TENN., In Camp below Memphis, Tenn., August 18, 1862. Maj. JOHN A. RAWLINS, A. A. U., Dist. of West Teun., Corinth, ]Ifiss.: MAJOR: In obedience to special orders from Headquarters Army of the Tennessee, not numbered, bearing date 10th June, 1862, directing me to investigate and report in relation to a certain letter from one B. Stanton, dated May 15, 1862, to General C. P. Buckingham, and also as to a certain anonymous article published in some obscure paper in Ohio and copied into another of equal obscurity, I have the honor to report: That on Friday, the 4th day of April, A. D. 1862, Captain Myers, of the Thirteenth Ohio Battery, reported for duty with the Fourth Divis- ion at Pittsburg, in place of Burrows Fourteenth Ohio Battery, re- moved from my division to that of Major-General McClernand. They were camped on the left of my line, and put in immediate charge of Captain Mann, of the Missouri artillery, who, as senior officer of that arm, had charge as chief of artillery. They were cared for as others of the division, and I think no complaint on that score has ever come from my command. On the 6th April, when the First and Third Brigades moved forward to support General Prentiss, this battery, together with Manns and Ross, were ordered forward. The others promptly obeyed. Either from ignorance or some other cause the Thirteenth Ohio was very slow in coming forward~ and was brought up by repeated orders throngh my aides. I ordered Captain Myers to come into battery on the reverse slope of a crest of ground, where there was cover for his horses and caisson Page 209 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 209 in front of the right of my infantry, which was in line of battle about 150 yards in his rear. The battery was further supported by a cross-fire from Manns bat- tery and Ross battery, placed about 400 yards to due left, and by the fire of the First Brigade, lying immediately behind the last-named bat- teries and extending to the right and left of them. The spot selected was in an open grove of large trees, and, had Cap- tain Meyers or any of his officers understood anything of their duty, as safe a position for field artillery as could be. It was easy also to retire from, as there were but 100 yards of open woods to pass over before he would be in rear of the infantry and also upon a good road. But Captain Myers, in endeavoring to place his guns, brought them rather too far forward, so as to lose the advantage of the slope; still the position was not as much exposed as that of Manns battery, which was in the open field. Having given these preliminary statements, I now copy from my official report, and reaffirm that every word of it in relation to this battery is true: A single shot from the enemys batteries struck in Myers Thirteenth Ohio Battery, when officers and men, with a common impulse of disgraceful cowardice, abandoned the entire battery, horses, caissons, and guns, and fled, and I saw them no more until Tuesday. I further state that the charge made by the anonymous scribbler and indorsed by B. Stanton, that the infantry supports fell back, is utterly false. The Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Kentucky and Forty-fourth mdi. ana, then serving with me, now detached, were the nearest regiments, and neither they nor any other regiment or part of a regiment yielded an inch for many hours after the cowards, who disgraced their State and their flag, had deserted their comrades. That they were exposed to the fire of the enemys artillery is true, and as long as the laws of optics reniain I confess that I know no way in which field artillery can see an enemys battery and do execution without being liable to be seen and reached by them. I have always supposed that artillery were expected to meet artillery, and it has been left for this age of invention and for the State of Ohio to J)roduce mili- tary critics, one of whom complains on one occasion that artillery did not support the infantry against infantry, and the otherB. Stanton that infantry did not support artillery against artillery. They were never exposed for one moment to infantry fire and lost but one man. If their position was untenable (which it was not), they could have safely retired; but it was a panic, and they ran. That officers and men were ignorant of duty and of drill I have no doubt. The responsibility of that rests elsewhere. The paper hereto appended, marked A,* shows some of the reasons of this ignorance. During the two days of the battle Captain Myers was not heard from, and was probably skulking beneath the bank of the Landing. On Tuesday, the 8th, when danger was over and rations were needed, he appeared. I required of him some explanation of his conduct. At last I obtained from him the papers hereto annexed, marked B,* which sets up none of the circumstances that he and his false friends now set up as a palliation for notorious cowardice and the grounds of all attack on men who have not failed to risk their lives. These papers of them- selves are sufficient. Not found. 14 R IlVOL Page 210 210 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CUAP. XXII Inasmuch as by the order of Major.General Grant I am instructed to append the statement of other officers cognizant of the facts, I have re- quested those who had a view of these transactions to make their state- ments and transmit them to you. These statements are appended.* In short, the transaction was seen by 4,000 brave men, wlio never showed their backs to the enemy, and was altogether too palpable to be passed over or equivocated upon. Captain Myers was informed of my official report, was informed of the order mustering him out of service, offered no defense or explanation, made no protests, demanded no trial, for he knew well that such conduct as his would be visited with but one penalty and that the highest. The order disbanding the battery was made by Major-General Hal. leek upon my official report. His authority for so doing I never in- quired into, but leave it for newspaper scribblers and their hangers-on to determine. I obeyed it, and know it to be just, and not only just, but merciful. I inclose herewith copies of all correspondence on the subject in my possession.* Ihave now done with the official part of this correspondence,but hope to be pardoned if I touch upon the character of these sweeping and nameless accusations. The cowardly slanderer that wrote the ar- ticle, and the more contemptible official who indorses it as capable of proof; either have published what they knew to be willful falsehood or have published slander without knowing or caring whether it be true or not. In either event they are beneath the notice of a gentleman. I simply say that the statements contained in my official report are true, and if these wiseacres know anything, they know the penalty that be- longs to a false official statement. If for mere purposes of local popularity an office-hunter by profession is allowed to annoy officers who are still in the presence of the enemy, and who for months have guarded the approaches to the quiet corners where these insects spin their web, it is too much. This man, B. Stanton, I suppose to be the great mania over all neighborhoods, whom the people of Ohio, for their sins, have elected lieutenant-governor, and who has already been condemned to eternal infamy by Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman. It is among the inflictions and evils of a popular government that sometimes scum of this sort issues to the top in times of agitation, and, instead of being skimmed off and put with other rubbish, dances out his hour of apparent vigor on the summit of the popular effervescence. The scum, no doubt, think that their move- ment is a proof of their own power; but it only shows how strongly the popular feeling boils, at the same time slave and pander to pop- ular prejudice, on the alert to find material to build up temporary prestige by appeals to the base and unworthy with the cant of an enlightened public with their mouths, while they mock its hunger with stones or feed it with poison; slaves, that recognize no personal manhood; cowards, who do not know that to the brave the suspicion even of cowardice is worse than death; cheats, that keep the word of promise to the ear and break it to the hope; and sophistical fools, that do not know that a lie, however well told, is sure in the end to be over- taken and conquered by invincible truth. Men who have acquired position by skill in manufacturing caucuses, by newspaper falsehoods, by temporary tricks and devices, and all the machinations of party; not by service rendered in field or senate; not by manly, straightfor- ward, independent thought, word, or act. These are among the thou- sand insects that now infest our Republic, and chief among these is the * Not found Page 211 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDINC, OR SHILOH, TENN 211 conceited liar and willing slanderer B. Stanton who degrades the gallant State of Ohio by being her lieutenant-goVernor. Does not this wretched substitute know that his time does not come until his superior officer is out of the way ~? It is for the Governor, not his deputy, to vindicate the wrongs of the Ohio troops. This fifth wheel has nothing to do with it. I have stood within sight and within hear- ing of Ohio troops during two days of that eventful battle. I saw them fight as well as others, but when I find men under my command who disgrace their uniform and peril the rest of my command by open and notorious cowardice, shall I allow this black spot to stand un- remarked because the cowards hailed from Ohio, and thus bring cowardice and courage on the same level ~l It was my duty as an officer to mark them with distinct condemnation. I did it. If I re- ported falsely, I am answerable. It was the duty of the major-general to punish, and he did it mercifully, and I do know that if Captain Myers should demand a court-martial he would be shot, and he knows it, and knew it when he penned the letter referred to me. With great respect, major, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, S. A. IIURLBUT, Brigadier- General, Comdg. Fourth Division, Dist. of West Tenn. No. 44. Report of Col. Isaac C. Pugh, Forty-first Illinois Infantry, commanding First Brigade, Fourth Division. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, FOURTH DIVISION, Camp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. SIR: I herewith send you a statement of the operations of the bri- gade under my command on the 6th and 7th days of April, 1862, in the battle of Pittsburg, Tenn. Early on the morning of the 6th of April, while I was at breakfast, I heard heavy firing in front. I immediately ordered out the Forty-first Illinois Regiment of Volunteers, who were in line in ten minutes. At the same time I ordered my horse, and by the time I was mounted I received orders from Colonel Williams, Third Iowa, commanding First Brigade, Fourth Division, to take my position on the left of the brigade, which I did, and marched to the scene of action, forming my regiment in line of battle on the left of the brigade, and at about 9 a. m. received the first fire of the enemy, which was returned by my regiment with great spirit. I then, in connection with the brigade, fell back about 100 yards and formed in line of battle, and awaited the renewal of the attack by the enemy, at which time I received a message from General Hurlbut to assume the command of the brigade. I then placed the command of the Forty-first Illinois Volunteers in the hands of Lieuten- ant-Colonel Tupper, and went to the right of the brigade, when I found that Colonel Williams, Third Iowa, had been wounded by a cannon-shot, I believe the first fired, and had to leave the field. I then discovered the enemy in large force across an old field, when I ordered a battery to be placed in position and the enemy shelled, which they effected in thirty minutes. I then ordered a detachment of cavalry to spike three of our guns, which had been left on the opposite side of the field when Colonel Williams was wounded, which duty they performed. About 11 oclock a. m. I ordered Colonel Johnson, Twenty.eighth Ill Page 212 212 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL nois Volunteers, to change position on the field, which was promptly done; about which time General Huribut ordered Colonel Logan, Thirty- second Illinois Volunteers, to support the Forty-first Illinois Volunteers on the left, who were being hard pressed by the enemy, and Colonel Johnson was ordered to support the Third Jowa on the right, at which time the enemy attempted to cross the field, but were driven-back by the Third Iowa and Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteers, with some pieces of artillery, with great slaughter. We maintained our position at that point until 1 oclock p. in., when we fell back about 200 yards. The troops under my command manifested great coolness. The enemy ad- vanced cautiously and slowly, and at the same time pushing their forces on our left flank. About this time Captain Benner had his horse killed, and Colonel Johnson had his horse badly wounded, so that he had to abandon him. We maintained this position until 3 oclock p. in., when we fell back slowly, forming lines of battle frequently, and making great slaughter among the enemy, as the ground over which we retired showed on Mon- day evening, as I rode over the ground, by the large number of rebels that were killed at each point where we made a stand. I conducted the right wing of the brigade in good order until we arrived in the encamp- ment of the Third Iowa Volunteers, when we came in contact with some twenty regiments on the retreat, when my command became somewhat entangled with the retiring mass. I conducted the brigade to the rear of the large siege guns, and awaited orders. About dark I received orders to form a line of battle on the right of Colonel Veatchs brigade, which order was promptly executed, and the men remained in line of battle all night, and on the morning of the 7th I was ordered to take position in the rear of the new lines that had been formed during the night and await further orders. At about 10 oclock a. m. I received orders from General llurlbut to move to the right and support General McClernand, which order was promptly obeyed, under the direction of General Hurlbut. When we arrived at the scene of action we were ordered to charge the enemy, which was done with great spirit. I was then ordered to fall back about 300 yards to form a line of battle in conjunction with some of General McClernands troops and await further orders. At about 4 oclock we received the joyful news that our troops had driven the enemy from the field, and the troops under my command were ordered back to their old quarters. I must in this connection, without disparagement to any onefor all under my immediate command acted with great braverybe permitted to mention the name of F. Sessions, acting assistant adjutant-general, as acting with great gallantry, bravery, and self-possession in convey- ing my orders to the various points on the battle-field during the engage- ment. The killed and wounded and missing of each regiment are as follows: Third Regiment of Iowa Volunteers, 22 killed, 135 wounded, and 36 missing; Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Regiment, 26 killed, 151 wounded, and 9 missing; Thirty-second Illinois Volunteer Regiment, 38 killed, 151 wounded, and 33 missing; Forty-first Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, 25 killed, 88 wounded, and 10 missing; in all, 724 in killed, wounded, and missing.* All of which is respectfully submitted. I. C. PUGH, Col. 41st Regt. Ill. Vols., Oorndg. 1st Brig., 4th Div. SMITH D. ATKINS, Assistant Adjutant-General. * But see revised statement, p. 103 Page 213 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 213 No. 45. Report of Gol. Amory K. Johnson, Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLS., Pittsburg, Tenn., April 9, 1862. SIR: I would respectfully report the following as the part borne by my command during the late engagements of the 6th and 7th instant: On the morning of the 6th, with an effective force of 558, rank and file, I was ordered to form the left center of the First Brigade, which brigade advanced about a mile to the front of the encampment and formed in line of battle, skirting the south side of the peach-orchard field. This position was maintained for some time, with but little loss or firing, when we were ordered to change position, forming line in the rear of the farm-house, and to support Manns battery on our right and one section of artillery on our left. This position was maintained for several hours nuder constant and heavy firing from the enemys infantry and artillery. Here we suffered severely, having my major, B. C. Gillam, and adjutant, J. B. T. Mead, wounded, besides 5 line officers and 100 men killed and wounded. The force on our right and left being forced to retire, I received orders to fall back to a more protected position to the woods on the north side of the field, which was done in good order. This position we maintained until all support on either flank again gave way. I again, under orders, fell back some 300 paces to the south side of the small field and on the right of the road and of Manns battery. Here my command suffered severely, losing several officers and quite a num- ber of men. Again, being flanked on the left, I fell back under a mur- derous cross-fire, passing through the open field. Here Lieutenant- Colonel Killpatrick fell, with a number of the rank and file. Main- taining good order, I fell back to the front of the siege pieces, when I was ordered to take position in the main line, in the rear of the line of guns. Here with slight changes we rested for the night. On the morning of the 7th the Fourth Division was ordered to move to the right. On arriving near General McClernands lines I was ordered to form the Twenty-eighth on the left of his advance column and to advance on the enemy, who had slowly driven our right for about half a mile. Advancing steadily to within 400 paces of the enemy, who was sup- ported by artillery, we were ordered to charge, which was done in a handsome manner. The enemy was falling back to his re-enforce- ments, which were advancing in large force, when we were ordered to fall back and await re-enforcements. In this charge the Twenty-eighth lost in killed and wounded 32. At this time, being relieved by fresh troops, General Hurlbut ordered the Twenty-eighth to fall back and for the present to look after the wounded, which a portion of them did, the remainder continuing in the field during the remainder of the day. It is but proper to state that during a part of the 6th the Forty-first Illinois was under my immediate command, and it gives me pleasure to relate that they behaved nobly, doing their whole duty, both officers and men. Also on the 7th a portion of the Thirty-second Illinois was under my command, of whom I would bear the same testimony. For the Twenty-eighth illinois I can but say that they behaved nobly, doing their whole duty in a manner becoming soldiers; therefore I shall no Page 214 214 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. particularize, but commend them to my superior officers, who will do them ample justice.* Respectfully submitted. A. K. JOHNSON, Brig. Gen. STEPHEN A. HUELBUT, Colonel, Commanding. Commanding Fourth Division. No. 46. Report of Cot. John Logan, Thirty-second Illinois Infantry. HDQRS. THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLS., Piltsburg Landing, April 12, 1862. Sin: I have the ho~nor to make the following report: On the 6th instant, at 8 oclock a. in., I formed my regiment on the color line of my encampment, and by your order filed in and formed on the left of the Third Iowa, and marched to the first open field on the right of the road. A line of battle was formed, one-half of my com- mand in the field, the other half in the woods, thus marching in line of battle through a skirt of woods to another open field, through which we passed to within 100 yards of the timber. Here our column was halted, and I ordered my men to lie down, and to be sure not to fire till they were commanded, there being no enemy in sight, except some that were filing off to our left. At this time firing commenced on the left of our brigade, all my command following suit except Company B which was on the extreme left of my regiment. This company fired in a very short time afterwards. I went up to the left and inquired by whose authority the regiment fired. They told me that they fired be- cause the Twenty-eighth did. Captain Pierce, of Company B, told me he fired after the others had fired by order of one of General llurlbuts aides. I again cautioned them not to fire without command. At this time the horse of Major Hunter was frightened and became unmanage- able. The major was thrown, and had to be taken off the field. Here we were ordered by General Hurlbut in person to fall back to the peach orchard, which was done in good order. We were then ordered to fall farther back, and take a position in the edge of the woods behind the fence, which was also done in good order, with a battery on our right and another on our left. I had been notified, however, prior to this time, that you had been disabled and compelled to leave the field; that Colonel Pugh was in command of the brigade. At this place I went to the colonel and inquired what arrangements there were to supply us with cartridges. His reply was, none that he knew of. He asked me if I was not supplied. I told him, yes; that we had 40 rounds to the man, but that my boys expected to use more than that if the battle continued. Colonel Pugh said that was enough. In this position we remained an hour or more. ITfThquently cautioned the men to lie fiat- on the ground, they being in range of the enemys battery and trying to shell us out. I passed up and down the lines frequently, encouraging the men and telling them not to fire until they had the order, and then not unless they had good sight on a rebel. At length the enemy advanced in the open field and the order to * Nominal list of casualties omitted. See revised statement, p. 103 Page 215 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LAND1~G, OR SHILOR, TENN. 215 fire was given. The boys gave them such a dose of blue pills that they sickened at the stomach, and changed their course toward the left of our brigade and warmly engaged the Forty-first. At this time General Hurlbut came up and ordered me to take my command and march by the left flank to support the Forty-first; that I would be led by a guide to the proper position. We started immediately, following the guide. I marched in advance of my regiment, with the guide, to the place pointed out as our line of battle. By some means, in our march down, the three left companies had outmarched the others and got into posi- tion before the others arrived. I sent Lieutenant Rider, of Company K, to tell Lieutenant-Colonel Ross to bring forward the remainder of the regiment to its place in line, which was done in good order, and we engaged the enemy in real good earnest, every officer and man, with one or two exceptions, doing their whole duty. Here we continued between one and two hours, the enemy pouring a most galling shower of balls the whole time. There being no support on the left whatever, the enemy attempted to turn our left flank. Being informed of this fact, I directed Company B to direct it~j~e obliquely to the left, which for the time being drove them bacJ~J At this time the regiment in front of ours and to our right gave way and ran, many of them through our lines. This [feared would cause my men to break, but it had no such effect; they closed up and continued the deadly strife. In a few minutes I was notified we were getting oat of cartridges. I rode along the line, and the report was, We are out of cartridges. I then ordered my command to fix bayonets, being determined to fight them in every way possible. Here, seeing we were neither supported right nor left, and to charge the enemy up the steep hill would be to rush my command into certain destruction, I therefore, as the only means left us to prevent our falling into the enemys hands, gave the order to fall back over the hill, and, well knowing that my place at such a time was in the rear of the last man, I remained until all had left and then followed them, the enemys line being within 40 feet of me. I was soon wounded in the left shoulder; saw the adjutant, and directed him to inform Lieutenant-Colonel Ross that he must take command of the regiment. The lieutenant-colonel had fallen, mortally wounded, a minute before, but I knew it not. My loss in officers was so great that it was difficult to rally and form the regiment. I am aware that I subject myself to the criticism of military men by changing my position without an order from my superior officer, know- ing it to be the duty of every officer to remain with his command where he is put until he is ordered from there by the proper officerbelieving as I did, for good reasons, that our situation had been overlooked or our brigade commander had fallen, having received no orders during the whole contest. There are many individual cases of merit that I would be glad to mention, but they being so numerous I cannot do it only at the expense of being too tedious. There is one case, however, so peculiar in itself that I will be pardoned for giving it. Charles Rogers, a corporal in Company C, a member of the color guard, was severely wounded, the ball striking in above the shoulder, passing deep through the back of the neck, coming out at the point of the opposite shoulder, fell on the field, and was taken prisoner, was placed under guard of a single senti- nel, and when the enemy had to retreat he seized the sentinels gun, wrested it from him, made him a prisoner, and marched him into camp. This closes the matter of the first days engagement. I learned from my company officers after the battle that they co Page 216 216 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL lected what men they could, and fought both Sunday evening and Monday with other regiments. Below you have a list of the killed, wounded, and missing.* Colonel, my apology for the lateness of this report is my wound. Your obedient servant, JOHN LOGAN, Colonel Thirty-second Regiment Illinois Volunteers. Col. N. G. WILLIAMS, Comdg. Fir8t Brigade, Fourth Division, U. ~. Forces. No. 47. Re~port of Capt. Alfred C. Campbell, Thirty-second Illinois Infantry. PITTs]3URG LANDING, April 12, 1862. DEAR SIR: Inclosed please find list of killed, wounded, and missiug.* I will avail myself of this opportunity to give you a correct statement of things that happened on the battle-field after our order to go to the left (as to what happened before there is no dispute). I was ordered there by our colonel, who led the way in person to the hollow, where ~we had the severest part of the action, in which I participated. We fought there until ordered to leave by the colonel in person; then I moved off with my company in as good order as the nature of the case would admit, and can say that a large part of the regiment could have been rallied anywhere, from 200 yards of our position to our quarters, (where all assembled), if we had had only one field officer to have di- rected the movement. I will also state that my men had shot away all their ammunition and in several instances had robbed the boxes of the dead and wounded. Had we not have been compelled by the enemy to fall back, we could not have held our position longer for want of am- munition. After my arrival in camp I beat towards the river with all my company, all that was not detached to take care of the wounded. When we arrived at the guard I was pleased, for that was the first thing I had seen that looked like a place to stop; here I stopped with my squad, and with others formed and joined other fragments of regi- ments and marched to the right, where we lay on our arms all night; the next morning I picked up until I had 16 men and my first lieuten- ant, and with Captain Davidson (our senior captain) reported to you for duty; as to what occurred after this, you know as well as I do. I have only to add that I went into the action with 54 men and 3 officers~ lost, in killed, wounded, and missing 1 lieutenant and 30 men, leaving only 24 to fight and take care of the wounded. And let me be what- ever you please to call me, I will say that a braver or better behaved company of men never lived on this continent. You may stigmatize me as a coward, but please make an exception of the brave men under my command. I am getting old and my fighting time is almost done, con- sequently it makes but little difference about me. I have a son and neighbor in this action that their parent never expected to be (lisgraced under my command. I also wear a sword presented to me by an aged soldier father, who is still living to look over the history of the Thirty- second Regiment Illinois Volunteers. What I say of my conduct I suppose to be true of other commanders of companies. I ask of you Embodied in revised statement, p. 103 Page 217 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 217 the favor to appoint a committee, and with Colonels Pugh and Johnson to examine the battle-field, and obtain such evidence of our conduct as may be had before you make report that will forever ruin us. I fear there is a mistake somewhere, and that you have not been thoroughly informed. It is possible that some one wants an excuse for retiring, and would like to lay it on somebody. From some things you said I am led to believe that Colonel Johnson has had something to do with this thing. We are ready to compare notes at any time. He is the man that caused us to be placed so far to the left that there was no support left us; there was no support right or left in reach, and Johnson with- drew his troops as soon as he was posted, and the men in front of us broke and retreated throRgh our lines, and still there was nothing like retreating without orders. And now allow me to say, to take everything into consideration, I believe the Thirty-second behaved as well or better than any other regi- ment on the field that I have heard of. I have only to add that I expect never to behave better in action while I live, and never expect a better set of companies; consequently you need not expect any better work of the Thirty-second than they have done. Yours, with much respect, & c., A. C. CAMPBELL, Gaptain, Gomdg. Company B, Thirty-8econd Regt. lllinoi8 Vols. General HURLBUT. No. 48. Report of Maj. John Warner, Forty-first illinois Infantry. HDQRS. FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLS., Camp, Pittsburg, ffenn., April 9, 1862. I have the honor to submit the following report of the conduct and actions of the Forty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers at Pittsburg on the 6th and 7th instant: 1st. On the 6th, at about 7.30 oclock a in., the regiment was formed into line by Col. I. C. Pugh, commanding, and was marched to the scene of action, a distance of about 1 mile, where it was thrown into line of battle on the left wing, at which point the first volley of mus- ketry was received from the enemy at about 9 oclock a. m. The enemy showing a disposition to flank us upon our left,~Colonel Pugh ordered us to fall back a distance of ~bout 100 paces, assuming a new position. 2d. About this time, perhaps 9.30 oclock a. in., Col. I. C. Pugh took command of the brigade, Colonel Williams having been disabled by the concussion of a cannon-ball, and Lient. Col. An~el Tupper assumed the command of the regiment. A line of battle was then established by Colonel Tupper on a very favorable piece of ground a few paces in the rear of and almost at right angles with the previously-established lines, where the enemy commenced pouring in their deadly fire upon us at about 10 oclock a in., which was returned with all the coolness and bravery ever exhibited by any soldiers for the period of about two hours and a half. 3d. At about 11.30 oclock a. in., and after the firing had continue Page 218 218 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. tOnAP. XXII. unceasingly for about one hour and a half the enemy again began to show himself upon our left flank, sending deadly volleys along our line. Our men, notwithstanding, showed not the slightest disposition to yield, and with almost superhuman efforts continued to return the fire until the last cartridge became exhausted. Lieutenant-Colonel Tupper having fallen by the effect of a musket-ball, which passed through his temples, and the command having devolved upon myself, I made the condition of our guns and ammunition known to General Hurlbut, commanding division, who ordered the withdrawal of our regiment; in obedience to which J withdrew the regiment, amidst showers of mus- ketry, shot, and shell, in the most perfect order, carrying with us all of our wounded and some of the dead. 4th. After repairing guns and filling cartridge boxes, in obedience to orders I formed a line in rear of our large guns, and from thence moved the regiment to the right, in support of Taylors battery, where we con- tinued in line, amidst the most terrific showering of canister~shot, and shell, until some time after dark, when the firing ceased, and the regi- ment went into bivouac until Monday morning, the 7th, in command of Captain Kale, ranking captain present. In consequence of extreme exhaustion, not having taken any nourishment for three days, and hav- ing been confined to my bed one-half of the time for ten days pre- viously, I left the regiment at 9 oclock p. m. and repaired to the boat- landing for repose. 5th. On Monday morning, at 8 oclock, the regiment was moved to the support of the right flank, engaged the enemy, and drove him back, where it remained in position until 4 oclock p. in., when, in obedience to orders, we went into quarters. I am happy in being able to bear testimony to the gallant conduct and unflinching firmness of the officers and men of the Forty-first regi- ment while nuder fire. When the last cartridge was hurled and while under their most galling flank fire the Forty-first, notwithstanding, stood their ground until they were ordered from the field. The brave Lieutenant-Colonel Tupper has fallen, and he died as heroically as ever died the brave. During the morning of the 6th he cheerfully exposed himself to danger that he might ascertain the more certainly the true position of the enemy, and, having done this, seemed anxious only to secure the safest and most effective position of the regiment, the com- mand of which devolved upon him at the time by the absence of Colonel J?ugh, who had command of the brigade. During the engagement he rode along the line several times, cheering his men and infusing his own spirit into the troops, which he succeeded in doing most effectually, as was shown bythe braveryand coolness of the noble Forty-first. From the moment he was stricken down by the swift-winged messenger of death up to the time he breatled his last he was in a state of entire unconsciousness. Captains Oglesby and iluffer, who both fell near the same time, died, as brave men, at their posts. In the death of these three officers the regiment has sustained a very great loss.* Very respectfully, I am, your obedient servant, JOHN WARNER, Major, Commanding Forty-ftr8t Illinois Volunteers. M. F. KANAN Actg. Asst. ~djt. Gen., First Brig., Fourth Div., Army of the Tenn. * Nominal list omitted; but see revised statement, p. 103 Page 219 Ca& P. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 21~ No. 49. Report of Capt. Matthew ilL. Trumbull, Third Iowa Infantry. HEADQUARTERS THIRD IOWA INFANTRY, April 17, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Third Iowa Infantry in the action of the 6th and 7th instant. The Third Iowa occupied the extreme right of the Fourth Division, being the first regiment of Col. and Actg. Brig. Gen. N. 0-. Williams brigade, and was posted during a greater portion of Sunday at the fence near the cotton field. The enemy repeatedly threw large bodies of infantry against us, but never with success. He was repulsed every time, and with great slaughter. The regiment was also subjected to a storm of grape, canister, and shell, which lasted several hours. The Third Iowa maintained its ground until evening and did not then give way until the troops on their right and left had been broken and we were entirely outflanked and almost surrounded. The regiment was then compelled in a great measure to cut its way out. Of the firmness, coolness, and courage of the men under a heavy fire it will be unnecessary for me to speak, as they were almost constantly during the battle under the immediate eye of the general commanding the division. The regiment went into battle on the second day under the command of First Lient. 0-. W. Crosley, of Company E, and, as I am well assured, nobly maintained the honor of the flag. Should I designate meritorious officers I should have to name nearly every officer in the regiment. I think, however, none will feel envious if I specially mention Lieutenant Crosley. I desire to call the attention of the general commanding the division to the gallantry and good conduct of Sergt. James Lakin, of Company F, who carried the colors on the first day, and of Corp. Anderson Ed. wards, of Company I, who carried the colors on the second day, of the battle. Our loss is heavy. I herewith inclose a list of our killed, wounded, and missing.# I have the honor to remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. M. TRUMBULL, Captain, Third iowa Infantry, ~Jommanding Regiment. Brig. Gen. STEPHEN A. HURLBUT, U. S. A., Commanding Fourth Division, Army of the Tennessee. No. 50. Report of Col. James C. Veatch, Twenty-fifth Indiana Infantry, com manding Second Brigade, Fourth Division. HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, FOURTH DIVIsIoN, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the Second Brigade during the battle that was fought at this place on the 6th and 7th of April, 1862: * Embodied in revised statement, p. 103 Page 220 220 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII On Sunday morning, while most of the troops were at breakfast heavy firing was heard on our lines in a direction southwest from my camp. In a few minutes the Second Brigade, consisting of the Fif- teenth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Ellis; Twenty-fifth Indiana, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Morgan; Forty-sixth Illinois, Colonel Davis, and the Fourteenth Illinois, Colonel Hall, was formed in line and awaiting orders. In a short time General Hurlbuts aide, Lieutenant Long, directed me to move forward to support General Sherman, and to take position near a field used for reviews, beyond Colonel Ross headquar- ters. When we reached the field the enemy was pressing rapidly toward that point. A line of battle was already formed in front of us, and a second line, in the rear of the first, was being formed on our right. I had but little time to examine the ground, but took the best posi- tion that could be found to support the troops in front of us. An officer, representing himself as acting under General ~ orders, rode up in great haste, and directed me to move my brigade by the right flank and join the line which was forming on our right. I exe- cuted the movement as directed; but it placed the right of my brigade on worse ground than I had chosen, though it had the advantage of forming a line of battle of greater length. The enemy now opened fire on the troops in front of us, which threw them into confusion, and they broke through the lines of the Fifteenth and Forty-sixth Illinois, many of them without returning a fire. At the same time the line on the right of this brigade gave way, and left the Fifteenth Illinois exposed to the whole force of the enemys fire in front and a raking fire from the right. Lieutenant-Colonel Ellis heroically held his ground and returned the fire with deadly effect. While cheering his men and directing their fire he fell mortally wounded. Nearly at the same time Major Goddard was killed, and the regiment,, now without field officers, was compelled to fall back before overpowering numbers. The enemy was moving another heavy column on the point occupied by Colonel Davis, of the Forty-sixth Illinois. The line in front of him broke and rushed through his ranks, throwing them into confusion. As soon as these scattered troops had cleared his front he poured in a well-directed fire upon the enemy, which for a time checked his progress; but it was impossible to hold his position against a force so far superior. Major Dorublaser was severely wounded, a large uumber of his com- pany officers disabled, and his color guard shot down. Colonel Davis seized his colors and bore them from the field, presenting a most noted mark for the enemy, who sent after him a terrific fire as he retired. I directed him to fall back and rally his men in the rear of the fresh troops that were then advancing. The force of the enemy at this point now fell on the Fourteenth Illi- nois and Twenty-fifth Indiana. These regiments met the fire with firmness and returned it with great spirit, changing front in good order, so as to meet the enemy in the new direction in which he was now advancing and attempting to flank us on the right. They held the ground with great determination until ordered to fall back, to save them from being surrounded by a very superior force. The Fifteenth and Forty-sixth Illinois, having been separated from the brigade by the first heavy attack, fell back to the rear on our right, and there formed with a portion of General McClernands forces, and new troops rapidly filling up the line between us, they were hindered from joining the brigade, and were not under my command again during the day; but they joined the first line of battle at the point where the Page 221 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 221 fell back, and fought gallantly throughout the day. Having been com- pelled to fall back with my command, my line was speedily reformed, and we again moved forward, and took a strong position on the brow of the hill, our right resting on General McClernands left. Here we held the center for a length of time, while the battle was hot on the right and left of us. The enemy advanced and maneuvered in front of us and engaged our skirmishers; but our position being too strong to be easily driven back, he moved a heavy body to the left and attempted to get in our rear. This movement being perceived by Major-General Mc- Clernand, he ordered me to fall back across a ravine in my rear and to form a new line with his forces. This was promptly done, and I formed my brigade on General McClernands left, as directed by his aide, my front toward his right. We held this position but a short time till the enemy was found moving in my rear. I took a new position by changing front to the rear on the right and extending the line of General McClernands left. This movement was warmly ap- proved by the general. The enemy soon advanced, and the action be- came spirited. Our men were much encouraged by the strength of our position and our fire was telling with terrible effect. Our forces were eager to advance and charge him, when we were surprised by his driv- ing back the whole left wing of our army and advancing close to our rear, near General Hurlbuts headquarters. A dense mass of baggage wagons and artillery crowded upon our ranks, while we were exposed to a heavy fire of the enemy both in front and rear. My horse, which had been wounded early in the day, was now abandoned, and a second horse was killed under me. In getting a third horse I was separated from my command, but I found them a few minutes after falling back in good order, and they were soon formed in line ready for action. General Rurlbut now ordered me to fall back and take position on the road leading to the Landing, near the heavy siege guns, and my brigade rested on their arms during that stormy night. Early the next morning Captain Kelley, commanding the Fifteenth Illinois, reported to me, and I placed Lieutenant-Colonel Cam, of the Fourteenth Illinois, in command of that regiment. About 10 oclock I received the order of General Hurlbut to move forward and hold my brigade as a reserve on the right. We moved up within close support- ing distance of our forc~s on the right and remained in position till noon, when General McCook sent a request that I should move to the left and close a part of the line left exposed by the forward movement of our troops. This change of position brought us up to Colonel Ross head- quarters, where we remained awaiting orders till in the afternoon. Ma- jor-General Grant now ordered me forward to charge the enemy. I formed my brigade in column of battalions, and moved forward in double-quick through our deserted camps and to the thick woods be- yond our lines in pursuit of the retreating enemy, following him until we were in advance of our other forces and were ordered to fall back by General Buell. In this charge the men exhibited great spirit and moved in a manner worthy of the highest admiration. It was made at the right moment to preserve the flank on the right and to prevent the enemy from taking advantage of our broken lines. The limits of this report will not allow me to mention the many acts of bravery and good conduct of officers and men. For these I must re- fer to the reports of the regimental commanders, herewith submitted. So far as they came within my personal observation their conduct wa~ worthy of the highest praise. They went into the fight early on ~3un- day morning and remained in the field till Monday night, eating bu Page 222 222 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL oiie meal during that time. No complaint was uttered; all were willing to do whatever was required. More heroic officers and men are not to be found in the service. It will not be claiming too much for this bri- gade to say that but for its determined resistance to the enemy he would have reached the center of our camp early in the day. The field offi- cers behaved with gallantry on every occasion. Lieutenant-Colonel Ellis and Major Goddard, of the Fifteenth Illinois, held that regiment steady under the terrible shock of the first attack on this brigade and yielded not an inch till they fell. They were gallant officers and worthy men, whose places it will be difficult to supply. Colonel Davis, Lieutenant-Colonel Jones, and Major Dornblaser, of the Forty-sixth Illinois, each displayed coolness and courage in resist- ing the heavy columns thrown against them. Major Dornblaser was wounded, and compelled to leave the field early on the first day. Colonel Davis was severely wounded on the second day while gal- lantly fighting in Colonel Marshs brigade and was carried from the field. Lieutenant-Colonel Jones took command, and conducted his regi- ment with skill and courage till the battle closed. Lieutenant-Colonel Morgan, of the Twenty-fifth Indiana, was severely wounded in the leg very soon after his regiment became engaged. He was compelled reluctantly to retire from the field. The loss of his services was severely felt by both officers and men. The command devolved on Major Foster, who proved himself every way worthy of it. He was active, brave, and energetic, inspiring his men with courage and confidence. His worthy example was felt by all around him. Colonel Hall, of the Fourteenth Illinois, led with his regiment that gallant charge on Monday evening which drove the enemy beyond our lines and closed the struggle of that memorable day. In the heat of battle he exhibited the skill and firmness of a veteran. Lieutenant-Colonel Cam was prompt and ready to execute com- mands, and rendered valuable service in leading the Fifteenth Regi- ment Illinois Volunteers on the second day. Major Morris stood bravely by his colors, was active in rallying his men, prompt in the execution of every order, and always to be found at his post of duty. I take pleasure in mentioning in the strongest terms of approbation the conduct of my staff officersCaptain Fox, of the Fourteenth illi- nois, acting brigade adjutant, and Lieutenant Bruner, of the Twenty- fifth Indiana. They were with me from the opening of the action till it closed, and their activity, courage, and devotion to duty proved their worth, and I recommend them for promotion. Maj. John T. Walker, acting brigade surgeon, devoted his whole time to the care of the wounded an and most faithful officers. , d proved himself one of the best The brigade sustained a heavy loss in killed and wounded. A list of the names is attached to each of the regimental reports. A statement of the total loss is here attached.* I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES C. VEATCH, Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade, Second Divi8ion. Capt. SMITH D. ATKINS, A88i8tant Adjutant-General, Fourth Divi8ion. * But see revised statement, p. 103 Page 223 CHAr. XXII.I PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 223 Regiments. ~ a 0 25th Indiana 23 103 13 14th Illinois 83 143 19 l5thlllinois 41 146 24 46th flhlnois 27 138 16 Tots] 124 530 72 No. 51. Report of Col. Cyrus Hall, Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. IIDQRS. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLS., Camp near Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 10, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report to you as follows: On Sunday morning, the 6th instant, I was ordered to follow the Forty-sixth illinois, Colonel Davis, which I did until he formed in line on the right of Burrows battery. I then formed my regiment imme- diately upon the left of the battery, supposing our line a series of supports to some column in advance. I ordered my men to lie down, conceal themselves as much as possible, and await orders. Very soon, however, I saw the enemy advancing as skirmishers, and ordered my men to fire. After a very few volleys had been delivered I saw a line of men dressed in blue uniforms in front. Fearing that they were our own forces I gave the order to cease firing, which was obeyed. The artillery was suffering very much at this time. The horses became restive and gave way to the rear, breaking the lines of Company A, who fell back a considerable distance, and were soon joined by other companies of my right wing. The left remaining formed, I rallied those companies and led them again to the line, and engaged the enemy in front,who were quite near us. In this rally I received the prompt aid of my field officers, adjutant, and sergeant-major, as well as many of the line officers. This position we maintained for a time receiving a destructive fire from the enemy; but seeing that the righl had fallen back, and that we were being outflanked by an overwhelm- ing force, I caused my command to fall back and take position upon the road, forming part of a line of battle already in position. This was effected, under the circumstances, in very good order. This position was soon assailed by the enemy with artillery and infantry, who were pouring in upon the road in front of our right wing. The work was hot, but well sustained on our part. The enemy was observed to be retreating. My command now commenced advancing, thinking all was going well,when we were assailed upon our left flank, under the cover of heavy underbrush, by an overwhelming number, who poured upon us a most mnrderous fire, killing and wounding a large number of my men and officers. Seeing it was folly to attempt to hold a position thus exposed, unsupported on the left, being rapidly outflanked, I gave the order to retire, which we did in rather bad order amid the confusion of the moment, but succeeded in rallying a part of my com- mand in a ravine to the rear, where I found Major Foster rallying the Twenty-fifth Indiana. We then moved back together, took a position, and awaited orders. Soon after this we were ordered into positio Page 224 224 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [ChAP. XXII. on a commanding eminence in the vicinity of the encampment of the Fifteenth Illinois. The enemy not showing himself, we were ordered forward to form upon a line with the Fifty-second Illinoisperhaps a part of General MeClernands command. After remaining in this position for a time, keeping skirmishers out the while, we were again ordered back to our former position, but owing to the din of battle part of three right companies failed to hear the order, and remained with the Fifty-second Illinois, and did good service, I learn, acting as skirmishers for General MeClernand until late in the evening, when they again joined me. We were again ordered to take position on the left of the Twenty-eighth Indiana, who seemed to be forming upon General MeClernands left, who were form- ing a new line of battle a little to the rear. We were in line in a very few minutes, when I thought they were flanking us, which intelligence I communicated to my immediate commander, who ordered me to make a movement to the left, with a view to defeat them. The movement was executed handsomely by my men, who deployed as skirmishers, and were making themselves felt in that immediate vicinity, when a heavy column of rebels poured in upon our rear, raking us with a heavy cross-fire and threatening to cut oft our retreat entirely. I again gave the order to fall back, which was being executed in good order until we were rum into by the retreating artillery, cavalry, and rabble, which very much scattered my command; but by the vigilance of my officers, who rendered me all the assistance in their power, a large portion of the effective men were rallied and formed in line upon the left of the Seventh Illinois, which was in line upon the left of the heavy siege battery. Upon the road near this point we spent the night, wet, weary, and hungry; but no complaint escaped the mouth of any officer or soldier, many of whom had received wounds during the day, but refused to quit the field. Monday morning, April 7, we were held in reserve until late in the day, when we were ordered forward to relieve a portion of General Buells forces, who were hard pressed. The force we were to oppose was composed of cavalry and infantry in considerable numbers, and an open field was to be passed before we could get in reach of their forces. When we entered this I ordered my command to cross it in double-quick, which they did, raising a yell of defiance at the same time, which was taken up by the noble Hoosiers and Snekers on either side of us. After a sharp contest of a few moments duration the rebels fled, leaving us master of the field. We preserved our lines, threw out skirmishers, and awaited orders. General Grant ordered me to advance, feel my way cautiously, and engage the enemy wher- ever I might find him. I communicated the order to those on the right and left of me and advanced for some distance, when my skirmishers communicated the intelligence that a six-gun battery was in advance. I ordered a close reconnaissance to be made, and posted my men near the brow of a hill, where grape shot could not reach them, and was awaiting further developments, when, to my surprise, Colonel Hines, Fifty-seventh Indiana? was ordered to fall back, leaving me alone with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois Regiments. I was still awaiting the return of some of my scouts, when General Buell ordered me to fall back also, which I did, bringing the men off in good order. I then formed upon the Twenty-fifth Indiana and awaited orders, which soon came, permitting us at once to return to our encampment. Capta. Dudley C. Smith, Company B; Thomas J. Bryant, Compan Page 225 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOIL, TENN. 225 D; John W. Meacham, Company I; Andrew Simpson, Company H; Lieuts. Charles Opitz, Company A; George A. Poteet and George Wright, Company B; David N. Hamilton, Company C, and Thomas H. Simmons, Company F, were all wounded on Sunday morning, while hravely and gallantly leading and encouraging their men. Lieut. Col. William Cam, Maj. Jonathan Morris, Adjt. Robert P. McKnight, Sergt. Maj. Henry M. Peden, also Dr. Stephenson, all proved themselves gallant, brave, and indefatigable officers. Of the line officers I feel it my duty to mention the following as having distinguished themselves on numerous occasions during the battle: Capts. Augustus F. Cornman, of Company C; John F. Nolte, of Com- pany A; Frederick Mead, of Company E; Milton S. Littlefield, of Com- pany F; William M. Strong, of Company K; Lieuts. William E. East- ham, of Company C; Carlos C. Cox, of Company D; William Mason, of Company K; L. W. Coe, of Company I; Adam Smith, of Company G; Gillespie, of Company E, and Erasmus W. Ward, of Company I. Many of the non-commissioned officers and privates distinguished themselves for bravery and daring in the face of the enemy, but the space allotted me will not per1nit me to mention them by name* I have the honor, sir, to be, your humble, obedient servant, CYRUS HALL, Golonel, Commanding Fourteenth Regiment illinois Volunteer8. Col. J. C. VEATCH, Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade, Fourth Division. No. 52. R~port of Lieut. Cot. William Cam, Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, com- manding Fifteenth Illinois Infantry. PITTSBURG LANDING, TENN., April 10, 1862. SIR: After taking command of the Fifteenth Illinois on the morning of the 7th (Monday) I advanced up the road leading westward from the landing a quarter of a mile or more, and halted until a 64-pounder howitzer was planted in a small field directly in front, where Iwas posted, a quarter of a mile farther and to the right. After about an hours halt we moved in double-quick time across the field used before the battle as our review or parade ground. Near the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry we had some sharp firing, but the enemy fled, spiking and deserting three brass field pieces, and we followed. Our skirmishers coming up with the enemys rear~ and he getting two guns, supported.. by cavalry, into position to cover his retreat, we took shelter on the right of the Fourteenth, on the side of a hill, until supports came up or we could ascertain that our flanks.were clear; but being ordered out of range of the canister and spherical case, which the enemy threw with the most admirable precision, we retired, and soon afterward came to camp, where we arrived about sundown. Colonel, I cannot close this brief report without commending the spirit and cheerful obedience of the officers and men whom I had the honor to command. I feel confident that had it not been for the unfor- tunate loss of their field officers, Lieutenant-Colonel Ellis and Major Nominal list omitted; but see revised statement, p. 103. 15 R livOL Page 226 226 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXH. Goddard, early on Sunday morning, the Fifteenth Regiment would have been distinguished for gallantry and daring. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. CAM, Lieutenant- Colonel, commanding Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers. Colonel VEATCH. No. 53. Report of Capt. Louis D. Kelley, Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers. HDQRS. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, .Pittsburg, April 10, 1862. SIR: As senior officer in command I report to you the part taken by the Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers in the battle at this place on the 6th of April. Soon after breakfast heavy firing was heard to our left, and about the same time we received orders to fall in and take our position in your brigade. Our regiment numbered about 500 men; a heavy detail for fatigue duty had been made from our regiment early in the mormug, reducing our numbers somewhat. After taking our position in the brigade we were ordered to advance in the direction of where there was heavy firing. Advancing a short distance, we were ordered to load our pieces and form in line of battle. We were drawn up in line di- rectly in the rear of one of our batteries, numbering six pieces. No sooner had we prepared for operation than the battery gave way, part of the gnus being taken by the enemy and the rest taken away by horses without riders, who dashed through our ranks with great speed. Although our lines were broken several times by horses and mulea running away, yet they were immediately closed up again. At the time the battery gave way a regiment in front of ns (placed there, I suppose, to snpport the battery) gave way also; one at our right was seen to break and run without firing a single round. We immediately received orders to open fire upon the enemy. Although everything was confusion around us and without supports, yet we maintained our position for some time against superior numbers, who had all of the advantage they could wish in the lay of the ground. Our men fired from 10 to 15 rounds each. Lient. Col. E. F. W. Ellis, com- manding the Fifteenth Regiment, and Maj. William R. Goddard fell early in the fight while cheering the men. They were frequently heard to say- Stand firm; iDo your duty, boys;~~ Stand your ground; Take good aim. Colonel Ellis was wounded in the arm severely at the first fire of the enemy upon us, but he paid no attention to that, and it was not till a ball penetrated his heart that he ceased to cheer on his men. Major Goddard fell a few moments before Colonel Ellis, a ball passing through his head. Two braver or better officers never lived. They were dearly beloved by all their men and by all who knew them. They were kind- hearted, and their loss will be a severe one to the regiment and to the service. Although our field officers were killed and all our captains but two shot down, besides several lieutenants, yet the men stood their ground like veterans amid a perfect storm of shell and bullets, and not until it was found impossible to maintain our position and keep from being taken prisoners did the regiment leave the ground. About 200 of our killed and wounded were left upon the ~~4~Z~fter falling back some distance Captain Rogers (who had been wounded by a piece o Page 227 CHAP. XXIL] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 227 shell in the breast and arm), Adjutant Barber, and myself rallied what men we could, and started in search of the brigade, but being unable to find it, and having but a little over 100 men, we fell in with parts of other regiments and prepared to meet the enemy. In this position the enemy advanced upon us with a battery and a superior force of infantry. Had those with whom we had connected ourselves kept their ground I have no doubt we could have maintained our position and kept the enemy at bay, but they ingloriously fled, leav- ing us alone. Not one of the Fifteenth left until ordered to do so by myself. Several times did we fall in with other regiments, and as many times were we left in the same way. At last we took a position alone behind a rail fence and but a little distance to the rear of our sharp- shooters. Here we could have done good execution and maintained our position against superior numbers, but one of our own batteries, mistaking us for the enemy, opened fire upon us, wounding several men. I was absent for a few moments at this time watching the movements of the enemy, and Captain Rogers, who was in command, ordered the regiment to fall back a few rods, at the same time displaying our colors, when our battery ceased firing upon us. At this time General Grant rode up to us and ordered us to take a position to the left, where there was heavy firing, but ere reaching the l)osition we met several regiments or parts of regiments retreating. We fell in with them and formed another line. Here we were soon deserted again and left to fight alone. After consulting with Captain Rogers and several lieutenants it was thought best to move to the left and join some cavalry we saw on an open field. We had hardly joined them when they were ordered away. Finding it impossible to keep up with them; we filed to the right, in the direction of the Landing, where our forces were said to be. We had marched but a short distance when we found there was a panic among some of our forces. Cavalry, infantry, and teamsters came running by us at the same time, reporting that the Landing was in possession of the enemy. Our men being exhausted and night coming on, it was thought best to move a little under the hill, near where we were, and give the men some rest. Just as we were moving under the hill we were informed that the Landing was in our possession still. We then about-faced, and moved to the rear of the siege guns, near the Landing, where we bivouacked for the night. On the morning of the 7th we saw General Hurlbut. He informed us where we could find you. We immediately reported to you with about 212 men, many having joined us in the night previous. I believe you have a list of the killed and wounded. All both officers and men, dead and living, as far as I know, behaved witI~ great gallantry. With much respect, I remain, yours, & c., L. B. KELLEY, Captain, Commanding Fifteenth illinois Volunteers. Col. J. C. VEATCH, Comdg. & eond Brig., Fourth Div., Dept. of the Mississippi. No. 54. Report of tiol. John A. Davis, Forty-sixth illinois Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FORTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 8, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report to you that on Sunday morning, the 6th instant, at about 7.30 oclock, the enemys fire was first heard ~n m Page 228 228 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII camp, whereupon I ordered my men to hold themselves in readiness to march at a moments notice, and in less than five minutes after receiv- ing your order my regiment was on the march to the battle-field. Reach- ing there between 9 and 10 oclock a. in., it took a position ordered by Colonel Yeatch in person. A regiment posted about 200 yards in front of our line gave way under the enemys fire, and retreated throngh my line, which was lying down. As soon as it passed my men rose, dressed their line, and immediately commenced pouring a destructive fire upon the enemy. The regiment posted on our right having given way, and the enemy keeping up a hot fire along my whole front and raking cross- fire upon my right flank, killing and wounding over one-half of my right companies, badly cutting up my other companies, and 8 of my line officers, 2 color bearers, and the major wounded, I deemed it my duty, without further orders, to withdraw my command, which I did, to a position beyond the brow of the hill, where I again formed them by command of Colonel Yeatch. Finding no snpport to my right or left I fell back to the foot of the hill, here fin ding the Forty-ninth Illinois, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel Pease, at whose request I assumed command of both regiments and moved them by a right flank and established a line of battle on the ground which had been occupied by a portion of General McClernands division, and in front of where Taylors battery was then planted. The enemy appearing in large force on the ground over which we had just retreated I was ordered to withdraw my troops, in order that the bat- tery could open upon the enemy, which I did, the Forty-ninth deploying to the left and my men to the right of the battery. Forming my com- inand again in the rear of a fence fronting the enemy, I ordered them to lie down and be prepared to resist any attack the enemy might make upon the battery. Having succeeded in driving the enemy over the brow of the hill, the First Brigade of General Shermans division appearing upon the ground Pr the purpose of following up the enemy in their retreat, I formed my command on the left of this brigade and moved up in line within 200 yards of the enemy, when a brisk and destructive fire was opene(l upon our whole line. Planting our colors in front of our line of battle, I ordered my command to shelter themselves behind trees and logs as best they could within short range of the enemy, and kept up a con- stant fire until after the regiment on our right had given way an4 fallen back across the ravine, whep I ordered my men to fall back into the ravine, and moving them by the left flank, I took them out of the range of the enemys guns. In this last engagement Captain Young, of Company G, who had succeeded in rallying a larger number of men after the first engage- ment than any other captain, and who heroically told me he would stand by me and the colors until the last man was killed, fell, shot through the mouth, and was carried off the field. Fresh re-enforcements now arriving, and my own men, having been compelled to fall back from those two fierce engagements, had become somewhat scattered. It being now 1 oclock, my ammuninion cx- hansted, the men tired and hungry, and myself exhausted, having lost my horse in the first engagement and compelled to go on foot the balance of the time, and finding myself within one-half mile of my regi- mental encampment, I marched my men to it and got dinner for them. Calling my men into line immediately after dinner I formed them upon the right of the brigade commanded by Col. C. C. Marsh, at his request, in front of and to the left of my camp, where we again met the enem Page 229 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 229 on Sunday evening. A battery of artillery on my left leaving under the fire of the enemy, the regiments both on my right and left fell back, but my line did not waver under the ~re of the enemy, and the other regiments were again rallied, and, stopping the advance of the enemy, Yw& iay in this position on our arms all night. After breakfast on Monday morning, still retaining my position on lthe right of Colonel Marshs brigade, I moved with him until I reached and went beyond the ground of our last engagement of Sunday, when our pickets were driven in, and some confusion arising on the left of onr brigade, Colonel Marsh ordered the brigade to fall back, and changing the xvhole front of his line to the left he again moved the brigade for- ward. The enemy soon drove in our pickets, and we found the enemy in strength along the whole line of our front, and when withiu 200 yards the fire opened upon both sides. My men loaded and fired with the coolness of veterans, and I had another horse shot under me in the midst of the engagement, and while raging with the utmost fury my men determined that they had fallen back for the last time, and while they were receiving the fire of the enemy and delivering their own with the utmost coolness I was wounded and carried off the field. Lienteri - ant-Colonel Jones reports that my men still stood firm, holding their ground, although outflanked, with the colors of the Forty-sixth and the rebels planted within 30 yards of each other, until re-enforced and the enemy driven back for the last time, when the Forty-sixth was ordered by General llurlbut in person to its quarters. I ought not to close this communication without bearing tribute to the gallantry and bravery of my command. Lieutenant-Colonel Jones was with the regiment during all of its engagements, and did his duty manfully. Major Dorublaser, seriously wounded in the arm in the early part of the action, remained with me until the men were brought off from the field and reformed, and did not leave until after a peremp- tory order from myself to go to his quarters. Captain Musser, of Com- pany A, while his brave company was assailed by overwhelming num- bers to the front and right flank, still kept his fire pouring upon the enemy and his ranks dressed until himself wounded and carried front the field, 7 of his men being killed and 20 wounded in the action, the company holding its ground, as did all the others, until ordered to retreat. Captain Stevens, of Company 11, while bravely keeping his men in line to bring them off the field, fell fatally wounded, the nearest man in his company to the rebel lines. Captain Marble, of Company E, fell while brandishing his sword, and, calling on the major, begged him to take it, saying if the rebels got him they should not have his sword. Captain McCracken received a severe contusion in the first engagement, but kept iwm duty with his men during the whole of the two days. Lieu- tenants Hood, Barr, Arnold, Ingraham, and Howell were all wounded in the first engagement of Sunday, while manfully doing their duty at their posts. Too much praise cannot be awarded to the gallant officers and men of the Forty-sixth, who helped to win our signal victory. * All of which is respectfully submitted. JOHN A. DAVIS, Colonel Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry. Captain Fox, Acting Adjutant-General, Second Brig., Fourth Div. * Nominal list omitted; but see revised statement, p. 103 Page 230 230 KY.~ TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. 1111 No. 55. Report of Maj. John W. Foster, Twenty-fifth Indiana Infantry. HnQns. TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INDIANA VOLS., Pittsburg, Tenn., April 11, 1862. Sin: Early on the morning of Sunday, April 6, 1862, in conformity with your orders, the Twenty-fifth Indiana Regiment of Volunteers was marched ont of its quarters and took its position in the brigade. It immediately accompanied the brigade beyond Brigadier-General Hurl- buts quarters, and took position on the edge of the field used as the review ground, on the center of the line of the army, the right of the Twenty-fifth Indiana joining the Fourteenth Illinois, and the left sup- porting a battery of artillery which was firing upon the enemy beyond the field. After remaining in this position for nearly an hour the forces which were engaging the enemy were driven back from our front, and a large part of the retreating column passed directly through our lines, but the regiment continued unbroken and presented as steady a front as the receding forces would allow. Just at this time, as we were beginning to receive the heavy fire of our enemy ou our front and left, your order was received to change onr front to the rear on the left company, and 100 yards back from our first position, in order to meet a large force of the enemy which was moving rapidly forward in that direction with the intention of flanking your brigade. The regiment executed this movement in good order and coolness under a very heavy fire of musketry and artillery on our left, and hardly had our regiment taken its position when the immense double columns of the enemy were fairly in view, emerging from the timber and thick undergrowth. The order was given immediately to lie down. It had hardly been executed when the enemy opened upon us one continual blaze of musketry along our whole line and on the right and left of it. The deadly volley passed harmlessly over us. With great alacrity and order the regiment rose and poured in upon the enemy volley after volley, which was most terrible upon their close columns, staggering them in their rapid and successful advance;~but our attempt to give a permanent check to their progress was unavailing. The regi- ments on our right were beginning to waver and fall back, and the enemy had completely outflanked us on the left, and were pouring in upon us a heavy cross-fire. There was no alternative except to fall back or be completely surrounded by the overwhelming numbers attacking us. Hardly had Lieut. Col. William H. Morgan given the order to fall back when he received a severe flesh wound in the leg, which disable4 him, and he was reluctantly carried from the field. His absence during the remainder of the engagement was a severe loss, as it threw the entire responsibility of the command upon me, and deprived the regiment of his military skill and courage. The regiment fell back in as good order as the thick undergrowth and deadly fire of the enemy would permit for about 100 yards, when, taking advantage of a slight depression in the surface of the ground, I planted the flag against a fallen tree and called upon the men to rally to their colors, which they did with a readiness and coolness which saved the regiment from entire dismemberment and perhaps annihila- tion. I was in my proper position on the left wing, and did not see Colonel Morgan fall, who was on the right and entirely concealed by the undergrowth, and therefore supposed he had drawn off the right compmies; but, in his absence, the several captaln~ collected thei Page 231 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 231 men, and, as soon as they could ascertain our position, joined me with a large portion of their commands. In this engagement our loss was very heavy. Lieut. Henry L. Brickett, commanding Company C, was mor- tally wounded, and died in a few minutes, refusing to be carried from the field. Lient. Jesse Patterson, of Company G, was mortally wounded, and died in a few hours. Both of these were noble men, faithful offi- cers, and brave soldiers. Lieutenant Fellows, of Company H, and & coud Lieutenant Darling, of Company B, were severely wounded while bravely encouraging their men. Sixteen of our dead were taken from this bloody field. By the time I had rallied my battalion and placed it in order Colonel Hall, of the Fourteenth Illinois, on our right, had succeeded in halting and collecting his regiment, and U~Oll consultation we thought it ad- visable to withdraw our men and shelter them from the heavy fire of the enemy until we could communicate with you for further orders. I notified your aide, Lieutenant Bruner, of our position, when we directly received your order to come to the assistance of General McClernands division on the right. By your order I took position on the brow of the hill on the right of the Fourteenth Illinois, and threw forward pickets on the side of the opposite hill, to observe the movements of the enemy. here we remained until we received your order to advance to the hill on the left, but it soon became necessary to change our position, as directed by you, to the timber skirting the field occupied by the cavalry camp, to protect another flank movement of the enemy, in heavy force, both on the right and left, supported by a large force of cavalry on the right, attempting to get into our rear. Here we took our position and threw out pickets in front, in charge of Captain Itheinlander, to draw the fire of the enemy and ascertain their advancing position. While the heavy firing was going on on the right, our regiment lay well concealed directly in front of the approach- ing columns of the enemy. While you sent the Fourteenth Illinois uround to their flank, and just as our pickets had well attracted their fire, we moved around quietly from the enemys front to support the Fourteenth Illinois, which was pouring its well-directed volleys on their flanks. We had just taken an excellent position, where we must cer- tainly, with the aid of the Fourteenth Illinois, have driven the enemy back or cut them off in this locality, when the tide of battle, which had been raging with such ferocity for eight continuous hours on the left and center, gave way, and our receding troops came back and passed the road directly in our rear, while the enemy followed them very closely, pouring in a deadly fire on the retreating masses. I was cut off from you by this receding movement, and as I could receive no orders from you, I saw nothing left for me to do but reluctantly to with- draw from the advantageous ground occupied, and do all I could to check the enemys advance by throwing my regiment in the rear of our forces receding from the center and fall back in order. The regiment executed this movement with steadiness and courage, and though ex- posed to a very severe cross-fire I brought it off without wavering and ~inbroken, and assisted with my force in forming the line of broken regi- nients and detachments to stay the enemys advance nearer toward the Landing, which point they seemed determined to reach. It was in this last cross-fire that one of our bravest young officers, Sergt. Maj. William Jones, fell, severely wounded. He had acted with great courage and firmness at the storming of Fort Donelson, and dur- ing the whole of this day he was always active and fearless in assisting me in every command Page 232 232 KY., TENK., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (Ca& p. ZxIr Night was now closing in, and our men, tired, exhausted, and hungry, lay down on the field in the line of battle formed by the Fourth Divis. ion for the defense of the Landing, and rested on their arms during 9j~.heavy rain-storm of that night. Early next morning we formed again with our brigade and advanced to support our forces, which had attacked and were slowly but steadily driving back the enemy. During the forenoon we kept close behind our advancing colunin, ready to offer support to any of our wavering flanks. In the afternoon I received your order to move rapidly for- ward to the center and form with the brigade for the final charge upon the enemy. Taking our position in the line, we moved forward in double-quick in fine order, hoping to give the last charge to the flying rebels; but when we had passed beyond our outposts and on to the hill the enemy had gone too far for us to reach them a was given over to the cavalry. , nd the pursuit I cannot bestow too much praise upon the brave conduct of both officers and men of my command during this long and hard-fought battle. They were called out in the early morning of Sunday so unex- pectedly that they had hardly completed their breakfast, and left with- out haversacks, and in very many cases without canteens, and remained on the open field during the two days with nothing to eat but a few crackers. At no time during the battle did the men show signs of fear or despondency. They rallied promptly to the colors at my call after the first bloody repulse, and never again during cither day did they leave them or fail to obey my commands, even under the most deadly fire. By this steadiness and l)recision in all their movements they well earned the name of veteran soldiers. I am greatly indebted to Captains iRheinlander, Walker, and Poole for the promptness with which they brought their commands together after the first repulse and for the readiness with which they seconded all my commands during the hard fighting of Sunday, and to all the officers who were with me during both days for their coolness, l)romptness, and courage. Without them my efforts would have been unavailing. Capt. George W. Saltzman, of Company A, became separated from the regiment after the first repulse, being on the extreme right, and covered entirely with the thick undergrowth. After vainly seeking for the regiment he went into the thickest of the battle on the left, joining the Sixteenth Wisconsin, and there, bravely fighting for his country, was shot through the heart. The regiment contained no more upright and faithful officer or purer patriot than he. Lieutenant Boren acted as adjutant, and was faithful in executing every order. Surgeon Walker and Chaplain ileuring were in the hottest part of the field, active in their work of attention to the wounded. Assistant-Surgeon White was at his post at the hospital. The band rendered valuable service in carrying off the wounded and ministering to their wants. Quartermaster Foster kept us supplied with ammuni- tion, and secured all our regimental papers and baggage from the reach of the invading enemy. Our loss of killed, wounded, and missing is 149, a list of which I attach to this report.* Respectfully submitted. JOHN W. FOSTER, ]Ifajor, Commanding Tuenty-Fifth Indiana Volunteers. Col. J. C. VEATCH, Commanding & cond Brigade, Fourth Division. * Nominal list of casnaltes omitted; but see revised statement, p. 103 Page 233 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 233 Ko. 56. Report of Brig. Gen. Jacob G. Lauman, U. S. Army, commanding ThirJ Brigade. IIDQRS. THIRD BRIG., FOURTH Div., U. S. FORCES, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 9, 1862. GENERAL: I assumed command of the Third Brigade of your division composed of the Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Kentucky and Thirty- first and Forty-fourth Indiana Regiments, on Saturday morning, and on Sunday at 8 a. m. I received your orders to advance to the support of our troops, then engaged with the rebels. In twenty minutes the bri- gade was in line and moving to the front to the left of General W. II. L. Wallaces division and to the right of Willards battery, when we formed in line of battle, with an open field on the left and a heavy growth of underbrush in front of us. We remained in this position about an hour, when our skirmishers came in and informed me that the rebeh were advancing in line and would soon be upon us. I waited until I could distinctly see them advancing by the gleam of their bayonets about 100 yards distant, when I gave the order to fire, which at once checked their advance. They held their ground for some time, however, when they moved off to the right, where they had planted a battery, and under cover of which attempted to cross the open field. I imme- diately ordered the left wing to move up to the fence, and as soon a~ they came in short range opened fire on them, which soon caused them to fall back. Their loss here and in the front was very heavy, the ground being literally covered with their dead. To add to the horrors of the scene the woods caught fire, and dead and dying were soon enveloped in a general conflagration. The rebels continuing to move to the right, so as to endanger Willards battery, I received your order to move the brigade to the left, so as to check their movements in that direction. The movement was executed in fine order, and here we held our posi- tion until 4 oclock, fighting against vastly superior numbers, until the batteries on the right and left of us had retired. The rebels now brought up a section of light artillery, which they brought to bear on us, and continuing their movement to the right, thereby endangering oar left flank, and being without support, I was obliged to thil back, which we did in good order, reforming about a mile to the rear, which position we held until next morning, resting on our arms during the night. The men suffered from want of wood and the inclemency of the weather, but their ardor was unabated, and although with diminished numbers, when your order came in the morning to advance to the support of the right wing, they moved forward with the energy of men determined to conquer. Under the guidance of your aide, Lieutenant Long, we proceeded t~ the extreme right, and found the rebels engaged in a fierce contest with General McClernands division. We immediately formed in line and assisted in driving them back, and, after a long contest, in driving them from the field with great loss. flere I reformed my broken ranks, and finding the rebels now in full retreat, pursued by other and fresher troops, I received your orders to get my brigade into camp and make them as comfortable as possible. They needed rest and refreshment, having been under arms for nearly thirty-six hours. When I come to speak of the gallantry and bravery of the officers and men of my command I find great difficulty in finding language strong enough to express my feelings on the subject, and can only say that they fought from morning until night like veterans. Well ma Page 234 234 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL Indiana and Kentucky be proud of them. They have added another bright page to their martial history; and where all behaved so well if find great difficulty in giving to each one the particular notice they so well earned. I must, however, notice a few who distinguished them. selves in a pre-eminent manner. Colonel Cruft, of the Thirty-first Indiana, was severely wounded in the leg and shoulder in the early part of the contest, but refused to leave the field until near the close of the engagement, though suffer- ing much from pain and loss of blood. To Col. Hugh B. Reed, of the Forty-fourth Indiana, I am under many obligations, not only for his great gallantry, but also for the valuable assistance he rendered me, after my personal star was disabled, in conveying orders to the dif. ferent parts of the command. Lieutenant-Colonel Bristow, of the Twenty-fifth Kentucky, in consequence of severe indisposition, caused by the bursting of a shell directly over his head, was obliged to leave the field at an early hour on Sunday morning, when the command of the regiment devolved on Major Wall, who received a spent ball in the breast and another in the leg, causing painful but not dangerous wounds, but continued steadily and bravely in the performance of his duties until late in the evening, when he was forced to retire to have his injuries attended to. Colonel Mdllenry, of the Seventeenth Ken- tucky, behaved most gallantly during the entire conflict on the second day of the fight (Monday, 7). In consequence of the injuries sustained by Colonel Bristow and Major Wall he assumed command of both regiments, now much reduced in numbers. Major Am, of the Thirty- first Indiana, was mortally wounded on Sunday morningsince dead. A braver or better officer never gave up his life in his countrys cause. To my staff, Lient. II. Sco~field, acting adjutant-general, who received a severe wound in the thigh; Lieutenant Barnes, aide, and to Private 4J. S. Sherman (whose horses were killed under them), I tender my sincere thanks for the valuable assistance they rendered me in the performance of their duties during this protracted struggle. I respectfully refer you to the accompanying reports of regimental commanders for detailed accounts of th8 movements, & c., of their sev- eral commands. The aggregate strength of the brigade was 1,727. The entire loss, in killed, wounded, and missing, is as follows :* Killed, wounded. 5 S Q 0 S S ~ *5 ~ *3 2 S S o .- .8 ~b -S e o ~i o -~ 31st Indiana, Colonel Cruft 2 17 7 96 6 128 44th Indiana, Colonel Reed - - 2 34 1187 3 226 17th Kentucky, Colonel McHenry - 1 15 2 67 3 88 25th Kentucky, Lieutenant-Colonel Bristow 7 19 ... -- 26 Total 5 73 9 369 12 468 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. G. LAUMAN, Brigadier- General, Oomdg. Third Brigade, Fourth Division. General STEPHEN A. HURLEUT, Gomdg. Fourth Division. * But see revised statement, p. 103. t Officers and men not separately reported Page 235 Ciw~. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SRILOH, TENN. 235 No. 57. Report of Gol. Charles Cruft, Thirty-first Indiana Infantry. HEADQUARTERS THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, In the Field, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 10, 1862. CAPTAIN: The following report of the part taken by the Thirty-first Regiment of Indiana Volunteers in the battle near Pittsburg Landing, Teun., on the 6th and 7th instant, is respectfully submitted: On Sunday morning, 6th instant, about 7.30 oclock, rapid volleys of musketry from camps to the front indicated the commencement of the battle. Soon an order was received from the general commanding brigade to form the regiment for action. In ten minutes it was in bri- gade line on the right. In a few moments thereafter the brigade was moved in column to the front along the Hamburg road. The regiment was formed in line of battle in the position indicated by Brigadier- General Lauman. At this time the battle was progressing actively upon the right and left of the main line. Soon the enemy attacked our brigade in great force ~nd with much desperation. My line met the attack with perfect coolness and with a low and steady fire. Offi- cers and men behaved handsomely. After the expenditure of some 30 rounds the enemy was repulsed. The advance was made up to within some 10 yards of my line, and the slaughter among the enemy in its front was terrible. A second attack was shortly made with increased fury. The line stood unbroken, however, and after exhausting nearly the last cartridge again repulsed the enemy. Here a slight cessation in the attack occurred, barely long enough to procure fresh ammuni- tion from the rear. The boxes of the men were scarcely filled before the enemy were the third time upon us. The line stood firm, and again succeeded against superior numbers. There was now a short cessa- tion of firing, during which the cartridge-boxes of the men were again filled. A fourth assault was soon made, which was gallantly repulsed, and the enemy withdrew, leaving my regiment, with the balance of the brigade, in position. The enemy, ret]7eating, moved off toward the left of the main line. During the action my regiment fired an average of about 100 rounds per man. The piles of the enemys dead which were lying along our front when he retreated attested the accuracy and steadiness of the fire. About 2 oclock p. m. an order was received to move to the left. This was promptly executed. For some minutes the brigade was halted near the Hamburg road, to protect Willards battery, that was then playing upon the enemy. The various regiments were then moved farther to the left, and my regiment ordered to the extreme left, and placed in position to await the expected attack. An illinois regiment subsequently formed to our left and rear. The action soon commenced to our right. It was apparent, from the reports of skirmishers sent to the front and from observations, that the enemy were preparing to flank our line to the left in great force. This was shortly accomplished. Regiment after regiment marched up fr6m a large ravine to the left, moving in echelon, in compact lines, with Confederate flags flying, in perfect order, as if on parade, and came steadily down upon our small front. An order was given for our left to advance. My regiment did so promptly. It was soon evident that the advance could not be sus- tained, in the absence of a reserve, against the overwhelming force of welldisciplined troops of the enemy. After my reginwnt had fire Page 236 256 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. some 10 rounds the regiment to the left was forced back. An order was now given along the entire line to fall back, and a general retreat was made about 3.30 oclock p. m. to a ridge nearer the river. Here the regiment was again formed in brigade line and marched up to the support of a section of a battery of large siege guns, and occupied this position during the desperate fight which closed the day. After the final repulse of the enemy the regiment was moved forward, with the residue of the brigade, about three-fourths of a mile, and there biv- ouacked for the night, at about 7.30 oclock. At this time the effects of wounds received during the early part of the da~ compelled me to retire from the field, and it has not since been possible for me to rejoin the regiment. The command henceforth devolved on Lieutenant-Colonel Osborn, who had borne himself gal- lantly during the whole day, and who alone of the field officers escaped unharmed. On the next day (7th instant) the regiment was actively engaged with the balance of your brigade on the right of our main line. For the particulars of this days work you are referred to the report of Col- onel Osborn, hereto appended, marked A [No. 58]. The casualties of the previous day had made great inroads among the officers and now commissioned officers of the various companies. It affords me pleas- ure, however, to report to you that the regiment fully sustained its former well-earned reputation, and gallantly bore its part in the sharp engagements which were that day fought, and joined in the victorious rout and pursuit of the enemy which resulted therefrom. It grieves me to report the loss of two gallant officers. During the first charge of the enemy on the morning of the 6th Maj. Fred. Am fell mortally wounded. He was a true soldier and accomplished gen- tleman. No more gallant soul ever took wing~~ from a battle-field. Capt. George Harvey, one of the best officers of the regiment, was killed upon the field while bravely leading his company in the afternoon advance. The number of commissioned officers of the regiment wounded, more or less seriously, was large, being- more than one-third of those in the fight. Lieut. Clifford W. Ross, regimental adjutant, was unhorsed early in the first engagement from the effect of a shell while in the fearless dis- charge of his duty. The commandants of companies, Captains Winans, Mewhinney, Wall, Fairbanks, J. T. Smith, MeCalla, Beaty, C. M. Smith, and Lieu- tenant Waterman, each acted nobly. The lieutenants and subaltern officers of their companies also conducted themselves with courage and propriety. A scarcity of file-closers, owing to sickness and absence, rendered the field labors of the company officers more than usually arduous. The conduct of Surg. James B. Armstrong and his assistant, W. C. Hendricks, merits honorable mention. They accompanied the regiment constantly on both days, often in such close proximity as to endanger their own lives, ministering to the wounded with a kindness and assi- duity beyond the ordinary calls of professional duty. They were constant also in their attention to such of the enemys wounded as were encoun- tered on the field. The following is a statement of the casualties sustained by the regi- ment, collated from the regimental surgeons report: * But see revised statement, p. 103 Page 237 CRLF. XXIL] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 237 a a 8 0 a .4 a o fr 0 ~ 0 o Z ~ H Killed 2 3 15 20 Wounded 9 15 80 104 Miasing 7 7 Total. . 11 18 102 131 With assurances of regard to general commanding brigade, I am, captain, yours, respectfully, CHARLES CEUFT, Colonel Thirty-first Indiana Volunteers. Capt. l~i. SCOFIELD, Acfg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Brigade, Fourth Division. No. 58. Report of Lieut. Gol. John Osborn, Thirty-first Indiana Infantry. HDQRS. THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Pittsburg Landing, April 8, 1862. COLONEL: I beg leave to report to you the action of our regiment during Monday, 7th instant, in the battle at this place, while, owing to your wounds, it was under my command. The regiment remained at the place where you bivouacked it during Sunday night and until about 11 oclock a. m. on Monday. At this time it was ordered out with the brigade to engage in the general fight which had again commenced. We were conducted over toward the creek on the extreme right of our lines, and some distance along it, over broken ground and through the woods, to a point near the right of our front. Here the regiment was placed in position. In a short time the enemy appeared, and we became hotly engaged. The attack was fiercely made and bravely resisted by our men. After some minutes severe fighting the enemy were forced to give way, and, an assault being ordered upon his lines, the men sprang forward in eager pursuit. They were driven for near a mile, when our line was ordered to halt. The enemy soon wholly disappeared from our front. After holding the ground for some time it was ascertained that the enemys retreat had become general, and we were ordered to return to camp. It affords me great pleasure to report to you, colonel, that the officers and men of your regiment acted with their accustomed gallantry while under my command. Their conduct was as brave as on the day pre- vious, when you led them in person. Every officer and soldier, with- out one single exception, acted courageously and properly. I am much indebted to the commanders of companies for their noble conduct during the day. While we all deplore the casualty which kept you from the field, each strove so to act as to insure you a good report of his conduct. Hoping that you may soon recover from the wounds you received i Page 238 238 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA~, AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. the battle of Sunday and be able to rejoin the regiment, and congratu- lating you upon narrow escapes, I am, colonel, your obedient servant, JOHN OSBORN Lieutenant-Colonel. Col. CHARLES CRUFT, Colonel Thirty-first Indiana. No. 59. R~port of Col. Hugh B. Reed, Forty-fourth Indiana Infantry. HDQRS. FORTY-FOURTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Pittsburg, Tenn., April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Forty-fourth Regiment Indiana Volunteers in the actions of the 6th and 7th instant, near Pittsburg, Teun.: We left our encampment about 8 oclock Sunday morning, with an effective force of 478 men, and marched forward to support General Prentiss division, which had been attacked by the enemy. We had gone but a short distance when we met his men retreating in much con- fusion. We proceeded about 1 mile, and took position in line of battle in rear of the camp lately occupied by him. We formed our line under fire from the enemys battery, Colonel Cruft, Thirty-first Indiana, on our right; Lieutenant-Colonel Bristow, Twenty-fifth Kentucky, and Col- onel iNidilenry, Seventeenth Kentucky, on our left. I sent forward First Lieutenant Wayne, Company D, and First Lieutenant Barton, Company B, each with part of their respective companies, as skirmishers in front of our line. They were soon driven in, and the whole line of the Forty-fourth and Thirty-first Indiana furiously assaulted by the enemy, and as gallantly met, our men behaving in the coolest manner possible, loading and firing with the utmost rapidity. With so much zeal did they enter into it that the officers had only to watch the fight as a matter of interest, but not of duty. The enemy was driven off with immense loss. They were again rallied, and charged up to within a few rods of our line, and were again repulsed. You, general, were with us, and have since gone over the ground so gallantly contested and have witnessed how terribly destructive was our fire, the ground being liter. ally strewn with their dead; but again he formed in column and charged over an open field on our left and in front of the Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Kentucky, the gallant Colonel Mdllenry commanding, who poured into his ranks a most terrific fire. I immediately wheeled two companies of my left wing to the left and opened upon his flank. His ranks were mown down at each fire, but still he pressed forward, and as bravely was he received. His front rank went down, leaving a line of dead across his front, when he retreated in good order. This ending the engagement here, you ordered us to the support of the line on our left, about half a mile distant, which had fallen back. We took position on the left of and supporting Willards battery, which soon commenced playing upon the enemy, and we were soon charged upon in large force; and here was the most hotly. contested fight of the day, being in an open field, with the exception of a few scattering trees, the enemy far outnumbering us, and fighting with desperate courage, and his fire was fearfully severe; but our officers and men behaved with heroic bravery, never for a moment swerving from their position Page 239 Cair. IXIL] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 239 pouring in our fire with the coolness of veterans and driving the enemy before them, but again and again with fresh troops they advanced t~ the charge. Our ammunition being expended, a part of a regiment was ordered up by you to take our place while our boxes were refilled. In a few minutes we again entered the fight, and charged forward far in advance of our former line. Our color-bearer and guard being either killed or wounded at almost the same moment, and two other brave men in succession being shot down, and our flag riddled with balls, Lieuten- ant Newman, in command of Company H, bore it aloft, but soon fell, mortally wounded. It was again taken by our brave men and carried to the front, both officers and men rallying with heroic courage to its support. Captain Murray, Company B, Acting Capt. George Weamer, and Acting Lieut. Warren Banta, Company E, fell mortally wounded. Lieu- tenant Kinmont (acting captain), Company F, and Captain Cosgrove, Company D, were severely wounded. Space will not permit of my men- tioning very many instances of personal bravery, nor is it necessary where all acted so nobly. By this time our cartridges were again expended. You ordered up the Thirty-first Indiana, which had occupied position as a reserve in our rear, to relieve us. We accordingly moved back in good order, and took position near a battery, by order of General iluribut. The enemy in tremendous force drove back our lines, when we again changed position to the right, by order of General llurlbut. Soon after this you rejoined. us, and at your suggestion I drew up in line across the road by which the enemy was advancing and opened fire upon him. We were here entirely unsupported, our friends having passed on. I moved my regi- ment by the right of companies to rear, and retired by the flank to the battery on the hill in our rear, where we again formed in line in support of battery. The enemy made his attack on our left. A fierce contest ensued, in which some of our men were engaged. Night coming on, the enemy withdrew. We advanced our line 150 paces to front of bat- tery, and rested on our arms during the night. ~ On Monday morning we were relieved by fresh troops. Our men, worn out, hungry, and drenched to the skin with the pelting storm (as General Hurlbut knows full well, having spent the night with us), having been for twenty-four hours without food or rest, a few hours were given them to prepare for the approaching battle. At about 10 oclock you again called us into line, the Forty-fourth on the right wing. Our brigade, sadly reduced in numbers, but still ready for the fight, was put in march for the battle-field, and was led by you to the extreme right, to support General Shermans division, where we arrived at a very opportune moment. We found the enemy charging upon and driving our forces to our left and front over cleared ground used as a drill ground by our troops. I immediately brought my regiment into line and opened fire on the enemy. Our charge took them by surprise. They immediately retreated to their right and rear. Colonel Mdllenry7 bringing up the left wing of our brigade, charged forward in the thickest of the fight, the enemy slowly retreating and returning our fire, their battery also opening upon us. We pursued them for over half a mile. Not knowing the position of our forces, I called a halt. At this moment, seeing General Sherman at a short dis- tance, I rode to him and reported for orders. (You having had your horse shot under you, I was unable to find you.) General Sherman ordered me to not advance farther, but form our line where we were~ Our men had become much scattered in the pursuit of the enemy, lea Page 240 240 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL ing us but a small force; and fresh regiments coming up to our sup. portamongst them the gallant Thirtieth IndiaRa, Colonel Bassthe enemy were attacked with renewed energy, and after a fierce and bloody contest of half or three-quarters of an hour was repulsed and driven from the field. During the fight of Sunday and Monday my regiment fired over 160 rounds of cartridges to the man at the enemy. No men ever fought more bravely. Too high praise cannot be given them. Captain Murray and Lieutenant Barton, Company B; Lieutenant Newman, in command of Company II; Captain Tannehill and Lieu- tenant Grund, Company C; Captain Williams, Lieutenants Shoemaker and Carey, Company G; Captain Cosgrove and Lieutenant Wayne, Company D; Captain Aldrich, Lieutenants Wilson and Bennett, Coin- pany K; Acting Capt. George Weamer, Lieutenant McDonald, amid Acting Lieut. Warren Banta, Company B; Lieutenant Kinmont, in command of Company F, and Acting Lieutenants Gunsenhouser and Kinmont, of same company; Lieutenant Hodges, in command of Coin. pany J, and Lieutenant Curtis, of same company; Lieut. Birge Smith, commanding, and Acting Lieutenant Ulam, Company A, were all in the thickest of the fight, and no men ever fought more heroically, and justly deserve mention. I am greatly indebted to Lieutenant-Colonel Stoughton for his valu- able aid. There is no braver man. He had his horse shot nuder him, and was thrown with much force to the ground, in the fight of Monday. And to Acting Major Heath, captain of Company I, to whom too high praise cannot be given for his bravery and devotion to his duties. Adjutant Coigrove had his horse shot under him. Nor ought I to forget the bravery and devotion to their duties of our surgeons, Drs. Martin and Herick; they were with the regiment at all times during the fight, caring for the wounded, and were exposed to the enemy~s shot, and both were hit by balls. Lieutenant Wayne and John Framp- ton deserve mention for their devotion to our flag in Mondays fight. I cannot refrain, general, from giving expression to my admiration and bearing testimony to the noble and heroic manner in which Gen- eral Hurlbut and yourself exposed your lives in your constant and unwearied efforts. Each of you were at all times to be found at your posts directing the battle. No generals, in my opinion, ever conducted a fight with more ability or displayed greater bravery. Our loss in these engagements is 34 killed, 177 wounded, and 1 taken prisoner (taken from hospital).* I am, general, very truly, your obedient servant, HUGH B. REED, Colonel, Commanding Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteers. Brig. Gen. J. G. LAuMAN, Comdg. Third Brig., Fourth Div., Army of West Tennessee. No. 60. Report of ~Jol. John 11. ]Ifdllienry, Jr., Seventeenth Kentucky Infantry. CAMP, PITT$BURG, TENN., April , 1862. GENERAL: My regiment was ordered into line early on Sunday, 6th instant, upon a sudden and unexpected attack which had been made But ~ee revised statement, p. 103 Page 241 OBAP. XXIII PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 241 upon our front lines by the enemy. Owing to the small number of men present with the regiment, the large number of sick, and those de- tailed on special duty, my regiment numbered in line on the morning of the 6th, officers and men, only 250 men. Being on the left of the brigade, we were posted about 1 mile in front of our camp, near the right of an open field, which was immediately in rear of a portion of the camp of General Prentiss, which was at that time occupied by the enemy. In a short time after taking our position the enemy opened a heavy fire of artillery upon us, which proved to be a fire for the purpose of covering a rapid movement of their troops across the field diagonally on our left. They were moving across for the purpose of flanking our left. They soon, numbering about two small regiments and moving in close column, doubled on the center at a double-quick. My regiment opened fire upon them obliquely, and drove the column back with tre- mendous loss. About the same time we were attacked by a cross-fire of artillery and musketry from our front and right, and were gallantly sustained in our stand by one effective piece of artillery, under com- mand of Lieutenant Edwards, of the Missouri battery. The enemy, Knable to drive us from our position, withdrew and moved behind the field to our left, which movement was counteracted by an admirable order of our commanding officer, by moving our brigade some 500 or 600 yards to the left. The Thirty-first Indiana, held as a reserve to the brigade, immediately in rear and to the left of my regiment, was moved over to the brink of a hill, and sustained a destructive contest with a large force of the enemy for two hours. The firing was kept up con- tinually during that time, maintaining our ground and resisting every attack and attempt of the enemy to repulse us. Many of my best men fell, killed and wounded, and the gallant Captain Morton, of Company A, received at this place a fatal wound whilst he was in front of his company, setting them a daring example, which he was ever ready to manifest in the presence of the enemy. We had been constantly engaged for five hours. All of the ammuni- tion in the cartridge-boxes of my men was exhausted to the second round, and the enemy made a renewed attack upon our whole line, which was met with determined resistance on the part of our troops at this place. We were ordered to draw back, and did so, under your eye, slowly and without confusion. My regiment was again ordered into line in the rear of the heavy and light artillery, which opened fire upon the enemy so severely and unexpectedly, and which was kept up un- ceasingly until night closed the struggle of the day, in which your whole brigade had acted a conspicuous and gallant part. About 4 oclock p. m. Sunday, owing to the withdrawal of Lieutenant- Colonel Bristow, and the wounding of Major Wall, of the Twent~i-~fifth Kentucky, that command was turned over to me, and the gallant officers and men of that regiment acted with the same unabated courage and bravery that had characterized them during the whole day. We were moved to the front of the line of artillery above alluded to, and bivouacked during the night in the rain, weary and worn, an4 without food or protection from the heavy rain that felJ upon us. With- out sleep, we arose with the dawn, and I found that my regiment, in killed, wounded, sick, and disabled, had been reduced to less than half of the small number of men who had occupied the ranks on the day and night of the 6th. About 10 oclock on the 7th we were led near the extreme right of our forces, and participated in a desperate charge of one column upon 16 U UVOL Page 242 242 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. the enemy, which resulted in driving them back, and gave the victory, glorious and dearly bought, once more to the beloved flag of our country. During the terrible fire to which my regiment, together with y6ur remnant of a brigade, was repeatedly subjected on the 7th, we were in close proximity to the Forty-fourth indiana Regiment, Col. H. B. Reed commanding, and I cannot refrain from expressing my admiration of the gallant conduct of that regiment, and the bravery, coolness, daring, ~nd judgment of its brave commander. Lieutenant-Colonel Stout, on account of an extremely painful but not dangerous wound in the arm, received in the gallant devotion to his duty on the 6th, at my urgent request did not go with the regiment on the second day. Maj. Isaac Caihoon was during both of these two eventful days to be found at all times where his duty called him, fearless and bold in the discharge of it. Both of these officers horses, as well as that of my own, were wounded by musket-balls from the enemy on the 6th. Capt. Robert Vaughan, Company I, after having fought bravely during the whole day, was severely wounded on the evening of the 6th. Captain Davi- son, Company B, behaved with his usual coolness and courage, with his excellent lieutenant, Byers, executing all orders upon the field with zeal and devotion to the cause. Lieutenant Keith, in command of Company C-; Lieutenant Nail, Company F; Sergeant Lendrum, Company H; Lieutenant Brown, Coin- pany K; Captain Beckham, Company C; Captain Hudson, Company D; Lieutenants Campbell, Bratcher, Ferguson, Little, Heston, and Adjutant Starling were to be found constantly at their posts on the 6th, with their respective commands, cheering, encouraging, and sus- taining the gallant soldiers of the Seventeenth Kentucky Regiment, who now mourn the loss in killed and wounded out of their reduced ranks of eighty-eight of their comrades.* Very respectfully, JOHN H. MoHENRY, JR., Gel. Seventeenth Regt. Ky. Vets., Third Brig., Fourth Div. Brig. C-en. J. C-. LAUMAN, Commanding Third Brigade, Fourth Division. No. 61. Report of Lieut. Go!. Benjamin IT. Bristew, Twenty-fifth Kentucky In fantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT KENTUCKY VoLs., in Camp, near Pittsburg Landing, April 9, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to your order I have the honor to report herewith a list of casualties to this regiment in the recent engagement with the enemy at this place.* About 7 oclock on the morning of the 6th heavy and rapid firing of artillery and musketry was heard to our front, and in a few minutes we received orders to form in line of battle in front of our camp. This order was obeyed with a coolness and promptitude highly creditable to officers and men, and immediately our regiment, about 200 strong, took * Nominal list of casualties omitted; but see revised statement, p. 103 Page 243 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 243 up the march by column with your brigade in the direction of the firing. Meanwhile the engagement seemed to have become general along our whole line, and the nearer approach of the firing, together with the number of straggling soldiers, gave unmistakable evidence that our forces were falling back and the enemy advancing. About 1 mile from our camp we were halted and deployed into line of battle, supporting a battery on our left. Very soon the enemy opened a battery on our position, an(l for some minutes shell fell very close to us and in some instances exploded in a few feet of our line wounding some of the men of my command; but the officers and men stood their ground without flinching, and all seemed eager for the conflict to begin in earnest. While resting in this position several I regiments of the enemy were seen filing past an open field and about 400 or 500 yards obliquely to our left. The distance was considered too great for effective firing, and I ordered the men to reserve their fire, which they readily obeyed. I immediately called your attention to the movement of the enemy, whereupon you ordered me to send forward one of my flank conipanies as skirmishers. I executed this order by sending Captain Underwood, of Company A, forward, and his men were promptly arranged for skirmishing. This posifion was held by him for a short time, when he reported to me that shell and grape from our own batteries were faIling amongst his men and had wounded one of them. Under my order he then fell back with his company to his position in line. After we had been on the ground for about one hour an unfortunate accident occurred with me, which rendered me incapable of retaining the cdmmand, and you are respectfully referred to the report of Major Wall, who took command of this battalion for the remainder of the day. From my own observations in the morning and reports since made to me I am proud to say that the officers and men of this com- mand proved themselves to be tine patriots and gallant soldiers, and it is a matter of no little pride with our officers and men that you were present with them, conducting the whole of the engagement and wit- nessing their conduct. On the morning of the 7th our men, much fatigued by the labors of the previous day and from having been exposed to the rain during the night, without sleep, were wholly disqualified for a renewal of the conflict; yet, at the command from you, a respectable number of them (say 65) promptly fell into line, and, in connection with portions of other regiments of your brigade, took their position for the support of the right of our army, when they were again engaged in a hotly-contested engagement, in which they discharged their whole duty. Major Wall having received three flesh wounds on the previous day, which dis- abled him, and being myself yet scarcely able to mount my horse and entirely unfit for command, my men were placed under command of Colonel Mdllenry, of the Seventeenth Kentucky, with your approba- tion, and no doubt his report will do full justice to their valor and cour- age on that day. I have the satisfaction to know that each officer and soldier of this command discharged his duty heroically, and when all behaved so well it is impossible to give particular credit to any single one. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. H. BRJSTOW, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding Twenty-fifth Kentucky. Brigadier-General LAUMAN, Gommanding Third Brigade, Fourth Division Page 244 244 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [OIikP. XXII. No. 62. Report of Maj. William B. Wall, Tuonty-ftfth Kentucky i~~fantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT KENTUCKY VOLS., Jim Camp, near Pittsburg Landing, April 10, 1862. GENERAL: In obedience to your order I respectfully submit the fol- lowing as a supplemental report to Lieut. Col. B. H. Bristows, sent to ~ur headquarters on yesterday: Colonel Bristow having reported up to within a few minutes before your brigade became generally engaged in the action, I will only give those incidents occurring after he was taken off the field. About one hour after we had been marched to the field occupied by us in the commencement of the engagement the explosion of a shell near and over Colonel Bristows head rendered him insensible the re- mainder of the day. His hearing is seriously, and I fear permanently, injured, and the spinal column injured. I had him removed from the field, and took command of the regiment. About fifteen or twenty minutes after this the whole brigade was engaged in the terrible conflict that ensued afterwards. It is unnecessary for me to call your attention to the gallant and daring conduct of the officers and men under my command, for you were an eye-witness to the coolness and courage with which our men received and returned the enemys fire. You also wit- nessed the destructive fire poured into the two rebel regiments of in- fantr~y that aimed to cross the field opposite our line by the Twenty-fifth and Seventeenth Kentucky Regiments, whilst they were at the same time attempting to force their way through your right by breaking through the Thirty-first and Forty-fourth Indiana Regiments. After we had maintained our position at this l)oint and were led by you to the support of General s division, you witnessed the scene that occurred at that point and how your entire brigade acted. In the evening, about 4 oclock, I received two shotsone in the thigh and one in the tbotbut both were very slight. At about 4.30 oclock I received a Minie ball in the right breast, which was more serious, but not dangerous, but which so weakened me that I was compelled to sur- render the command the remainder of the day to Capt. B. T. Under- wood, the senior captain of the regiment. Early in the action my horse was shot, and I was on foot the balance of that day, and was so much exhausted that I could not get to camp without assistance. Our entire loss is 6 killed and 26 wounded.* There are but few wouiided but what will recover. I respectfully ask the privilege of stating the names of the command- ers of our several companies, us I deem it but justice to them, and from the fact that some of our companies were represented by regimental appointment: Company A, B. T. Underwood, captain; Company B, John V. Boyd, first lieutenant; Company C, D. M. Claggett, captain; Company D, Albert R. Shackelford, first lieutenant; Company E, J ames W. Anthony, captain; Company F, Frank H. Bristow, first lieutenant; Company Q, William S. Johnson (by regimental appointment); Company K, R. C. Sturgis, first lieutenant. Captain Cooper was severely wounded at Fort Donelson, and unable to take command of his company; Captain Campbell, of Company D, had resigned and gone home; Captain Tribble, of Company G, had also resigned and gone home; Captain Holloway, of Company K, was * But see revised statement, p. 103 Page 245 CHAP. XXII.] PLTTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 245 taken with typhoid fever soon after the battle of Fort Donelson and sent home on sick furlough. I feel proud to say that I do not believe there is a more gallant and brave combination of company officers in the Union Army than those herein named, and as such I especially recommend them to your favorable consideration. I was not in the aCtion of Monday, the 7th instant, and cannot there- fore speak of what occurred on that day. In conclusion, general, allow me, on behalf of the officers and men of this regiment, to express to you their warmest gratitude and highes~ admiration for the coolness and daring displayed by you when leading us through the trying scenes of the 6th and 7th. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. B. WALL, Major, Tuenty-ftfth Kentucky Volunteers. Brigadier-General LAUMAN, Commanding Third Brigade, Fourth Division. No. 63. Report of Iiieut. Gutkbert W. Thing, Second Michigan Battery. On Sunday morning, about 6 oclock, heavy firing was heard, that seemed to be some distance from us. Half an hour after it was much nearer. All were then ordered to turn out. We were soon ready, and started in the direction. After going about a mile, took position in an open field and immediately opened fire upon the enemy, whose line of battle could be seen very distinctly. We remained in that position but a few minutes, being ordered to retire and let the infantry advance, who were in line immediately behind us. We soon advanced again, and came into battery very near the same place, which we held for nearly an hour. Meanwhile the Thirteenth Ohio Battery had formed on our right and a little in advance. They had just got unlimbered when one of their caissons was shivered to pieces, and the horses on one of the guns took fright and ran through our lines. All then left the battery without having fired a shot. Two of our sergeants went to the spot and cut a number of the horses loose. Our battery then fell back through an orchard and ceased firing for about twenty min& tes. General Hurlbut then told us to advance again and bear to the right. This brought us into a level, opeu field. Held this position for about an hour and a half, during which time Lieuti*iant Arndt had his horse shot under him and Lieutenant Bliss horse wounded; also two team horses on gun shot and two cannoneers wounded. The enemys fire was now so hot we were obliged to retire. We soon advanced again still farther to the right, running up a narrow road, and came into bat- tery beside a log house; it was an elevated spot and very much ex- posed. We here silenced the enemys six-gun battery. We had been there but a short time when the general sent one of his aides, ordering one section of our battery to move up and support the left. We remained in this position about half an hour, when a shot got wedged in the Parrott gun and could not be got out. Not having any wormer, the captain ordered me to retire with it. Sent one of the sergeants to camp for another wormer. I now lost two more horses and a driver wounded. Lieutenant Nash, of the First Missouri, now came up with his see Page 246 246 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AD SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL tion of 20-pounder Parrotts. He went to the left, where our battery was. At the same time 1 advanced with the Parrott gun, having got the shot out. I had not gone far when our forces began to fall back. Turned around, as I had only four horses .left, and waited here until the captain came up, and we fell back together. We next came into battery near our camp, the enemy driving our left at a run. The cam tam now ordered me to go to our camp, get what horses I could, and retire with my section. I only found four horses that could walk, so that I only got the Parrott away, leaving a corporal to spike the 6-pounder if it became necessary. After running the, gun down to within half a mile of the river returned to join the battery, but could hear nothing of them. I afterward learned from two of our men who managed to escape that the battery was captured about 4.30 oclock, being surrounded by a body of rebel cavalry to the left and a little in rear of our camp. On Monday morning recovered the 6-pounder. I am, sir, your obedient servant, CUTHBEItT W. LA1NG, Lieutenant, Commanding Second Michigan Battery. No. 64. Report of Lieut. Eduard Brotzmann, Manns Battery, Missouri Light Artillery. Sin: 1 have the honor to report to y.ou that on the 6th day of April, at about half past 7 oclock a. in., I heard a continuous fire of infantry and artillery on the right wing of our army, and in consequence thereof I ordered the battery to be ready to move as quick as possible. About ten minutes after this order was given by me I received the order by your adjutant, Captain Long, to move on to the front line as soon as the battery was ready. This order was executed by me a few minutes afterwards, and I followed the main road and took position about 1~ miles distant from the headquarters of the Fourth Division, near a few log houses, where a Zonave regiment was encamped, which already had left their camp. Here I discovered the enemy at a distance of about 1,100 yards, in the woods. After having fired a few rounds of solid shot and shell on the enemy I was ordered back to take position in an open field on the right. The enemy planted a battery of six pieces at the outskirts of the woods opposite my battery. As soon as I noticed the enemys battery I commenced firing. After a heavy firing of about twenty minutes from both sides the enemy did not respond to our fire any longer, and fell back. This moment I used to supply the limbers of my pieces with ammunition from the caissons. During this action I lost one lieutenant, Edward Schuster, who was wounded severely in the left arm by a piece of shell, and 4 menI killed and 3 severely woundedalso 8 horses. I sent the bugler back to the camp for 6 horses, with drivers, for replacing the loss. As soon as I got the supply of horses and drivers, which were taken from the field forge, the enemys battery reopened their fire at us again, and I took a position in the same field where I was before, a little more to the left. After firing for some time at the enemys battery, Lient. Waudelin Meyer, of my battery, was wounded in the head by the explosion of an enemys shell, so that from this time I was the onl Page 247 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBUIW* LANDING, OR SH1LOH, TENN. 247~ commissioned officer in command of the battery. I then received an order to move farther to the left, near the log houses, and to silence the enemys battery. The advantage of this movement was that I could open my fire at the flank of the enemys battery, which received a heavy loss by my firing, as I noticed the enemys infantry advancing through the woods on my left at a distance of about 500 yards, which compelled me to change my front to the left and to open fire with canister at the enemys infantry. Being at that time in a cross-fire, the artillery from the right and the infantry from the front, I sustained a heavy loss of men and horses, an(L I only retired when our infantry retreated. Two wheel-horses of the second piece were wounded se- verely, and also the middle driver, which compelled me to leave that piece, a 6-pounder gun, behind; also two caissons, but without ammu- nition, on which partially the horses were killed and taken to replace the disabled horses on the pieces, were left at this place, so that from this time, my battery consisted of three pieces and two caissons. I then retired (being nearly out of ammunition) to the main road, and having a supply of reserve ammunition at the camp, I sent the two caissons back to get it. Our forces were retiring then continually, and I had no alternative but to retire with them. In retiring through a slough one of the two caissons, on which the number of horses was already reduced to four, had to be abandoned, in consequence of the enemys cavalry pressing closely upon us and the ground not being favorable to open fire on them. Afterward I took position in line with the heavy guns where the last stand of our troops was made, expending mostly all my ammunition which I had on hand, and receiving then the order from General llurlbut to retire with the battery to get a fresh supply of ammnnition, which I did by pressing a wagon and taking the necessary ammunition from the steamer Rocket. in overlooking the battery I found that the loss of wounded and killed on this day was 2 lieutenants, 12 men, and about 30 horses. The num- ber of rounds of ammunition expended this day is about 190 each piece; total, 760 rounds. On Monday mnormung, hearing heavy firing on the right of our army, I moved on with the battery to that direction, when I was ordered by one of the aides of General Hurlbut to take position on a hill where two of our batteries were already firing at two of the enemys batteries, and commenced firing at them, silencing the enemy~s battery after about fifteen minutes. Having only one caisson, so that I could carry only a small amount of ammunition, I was compelled to retire a few hundred yards and to send back my first sergeant for getting a supply of ammunition, which he did. After having packed said ammunition I advanced again to the open field close to our infantry, who were having a heavy skirmish with the enemy in the woods, but the ground being not favorable to come in with the battery without injuring our own men, I was ordered to remain inactive, waiting for an opportunity. About fifteen minutes afterwards I was ordered to the left ~on the edge of an open field, when I came in battery and commenced firing at the enemy. Being again out of ammunition I had retired to get a supply again, which was sent already to my battery from the steamer Rocket. It was pretty late in the afternoon and the firing had mostly ceased, when I reported to Captain Long for orders, who ordered me to go to camp. During this day 3 men of my battery were severely bruised by the over- turning of one gun-carriage. The amount of ammunition expended this day was about 120 rounds each piece; having only three pieces, i Page 248 248 KY., TENN.,, N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. IXIL makes a total of about 360 rounds. The whole amount yesterday was 760. Total amount expended during the whole action about 1,120 rounds. The total loss of the battery during the whole action is 2 lieutenants wounded, 3 men killed and 12 men wounded, 34 horses, 7 sets of lead and 4 sets of wheel harness for two horses, 6 cavalry sabers, 2 revolvers, 39 horse blankets, 2 riding saddles, and 1 wheel. Many of the drivers hst their baggage when their horses were killed, and the baggage was packed in the valise on their horses. The conduct of the officers and men under my command was admi- rable during the two days fighting, and all the men have done their duty as well as ever it can be expected from a brave soldier. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, E. BROTZMAM{, First IReutenant, Comdg. Manns Batterj, Missouri Vols. General STEPHEN A. IIURLBTJT, Commanding Fourth Dtviswn. No. 65. Report of Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army, commanding F~ftA Dwiston. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION, Camp Shiloh, April 10, 1862. S~: I have the honor to report that on Frid~ay, the 4th instant, the enemys cavalry drove in our pickets posted about a mile and a half in advance of my center, on the main Corinth road, capturing 1 first liea- tenant and 7 men; that I caused a pursuit by the cavalry of my divis ion, driving them back about 5 . On Saturday the enemys cavalry was again very bold, coming well down to our front, yet I did not believe that he designed anything bat a strong demonstration. On Sunday morning early, the 6th instant, the enemy drove our advance guard back on the main body, when I ordered under arms my division, and ~sent word to General MeClernand asking him to support my left; to General Prentiss, giving him notice that the enemy was in our front in force and to General Huribut, asking him to support Germ- eral Prentiss. At that time (7 a. in.) my division was arranged as fol- lows: First Brigade, composed of the Sixth Iowa, Col. J. A. MeDoweR; Fortieth Illinois, Colonel Hicks; Forty-sixth Ohio, Colonel Worthing- ton, and the Morton Battery, Captain Behr, on the extreme right, guard- iig the bridge on the Purdy road over Owl Creek. Second Brigade, composed of the Fifty-fifth illinois, Col. D. Stuart; Fifty-fourth Ohio~, Col. T. Kilby Smith, and the Seventy-first Ohio, Colonel Mason, on the extreme left, guarding the ford over Lick Creek. Third Brigade, com- posed of the Seventy-seventh Ohio, Colonel Hildebrand; Fifty-third Ohio, Colonel Appler, and the Fifty-seventh Ohio, Colonel Mungen, on the left of the Corinth road, its right resting on Shiloh Meeting-House. Fourth Brigade, composed of the Seventy-second Ohio, Colonel Buck- land; Forty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Sullivan, and Seventieth Ohio, Col- onel Cockerill, on the right of the Corinth road, its left resting on Shiloh Meeting-House. Two batteries of artillery (Taylors and Water Page 249 Cn~. XXIL] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 249 houses) were posted, the former at Shuloh and the latter on a ridge t~ the left, with a front fire over open ground between Mungens and Applers regiments. The cavalry, eight companies of the Fourth Illi- nois, under Colonel Dickey, was posted in .a large open field to the left and rear of Shiloh Meeting-House wh my ~ 7 a. in., with my ich I regarded as the center of Shortly entire staff, I rode along a portion of our front, and when in the open field before Applers regiment the enemys pickets opened a brisk fire on my party, killing my orderly, Thomas ID. Holliday, of Company H, Second Illinois Cavalry. The fire came from the bushes which line a small stream that rises in the field in front of Applers camp and flows to the north along my whole front. This valley afforded the enemy a partial cover, but our men were so l)osted as to have a good fire at him as he crossed the valley and ascended the rising ground on our side. About 8 a. in. I saw the glistening bayonets of heavy masses of in- fantry to our left front in the woods beyond the small stream alluded to, and became satisfied for the first time that the enemy designed a determined attack on our whole camp. All the regiments of my divis- ion were then in line of battle at their proper posts. I rode to Colonel Appler and ordered him to hold his ground at all hazards, as he held the left flank of our first line of battle. I informed him tha.t he had a good battery on his right and strong supports to his rear. General McClernand had promptly responded to my request, and had sent me three regiments, which were posted to protect Waterhouses battery and the left flank of my line. The battle began by the enemy opening a battery in the woods to our front and throwing shells into our camp. Taylors and Waterhouses batteries promptly responded, and I then observed heavy battalions of infantry passing obliquely to the left across the open field in Applers front; also other columns advancing directly upon my division. Our infantry and artillery opened along the whole line and the battle became general. Other heavy masses of the enemys forces kept passing across the field to our left and direct- ing their course on General Prentiss. I saw at once that the enemy designed to pass my left flank and fall upon Generals IMcCleraand and Prentiss, whose line of camps was almost parallel with the Tennessee River and about 2 miles back from it. Very soon the sound of mus- ketry and artillery announced that General Prentiss was engaged, and about 9 a. in. I judged that he was falling back. About this time Applers regiment broke in disorder, soon followed by fugitives from Mungens regiment, and the enemy pressed forward on ~ battery, thereby exposed. The three lllinois regiments in immediate support of this battery stood for some time, but the enemys advance was so vigorous and the fire so severe, that whemi Colonel Raith, of the Forty-third lilinois, re- ceived a severe wound and fell from his horse, his regiment and the others manifested disorder, and the enemy got possession of three guns of this (Waterhouses) battery. Although our left was thus turned and the enemy was pressing on the whole line, 1 deemed Shiloh so important that I remained by it, and renewed my orders to Colonels McDowell and Bucklamid to hold their ground, and we did hold those positions till about 10 oclock a. in., when the enemy got his artillery to the rear of our left flank, and some change became absolutely neces- sary. Two regiments of Hildebrands brigadeApplers and Mungenshad already disappeared to the rear, and Hildebrands own regiment was i Page 250 250 KY.~ TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. disorder, and therefore I gave directions for Taylors battery, still a1 Shuloli, to fall back as far as the Purdy and llarnbnrg road and for McDowell and Buckland to adopt that road as their new line. 1 rode across the angle and met Behrs battery at the cross-roads, and ordered it immediately to unlimber and come into battery, action right. Cap- taiii Behr gave the order, bnt he was almost immediately shot from hi~ horse, when the (lrivers and gunners fled in disorder, carrying off the caissons aid abandoning five ont of six guns without firing a shot. The enemy pressed on, gaining this battery, and we were again forced to choose a new line of defense. ilildebrands brigade had substan- tially disappeared from the field, though he himself bravely remained. McDowells and Buicklands brigades still retained their organization, and were conducted by my aides so as to join on General McClernands right, thus al)andoning my original camps and line. This was about~ 10.30 a. in., at which time the enemy had made a furious attack on General McClernands whole front. Finding him pressed, I moved McDowelPs brigade directly against time left liauk of the enemy, forced him back some distance, and then directed the men to avail themselves of every covertrees, fdlen timber, and a woo(led valley to our right. We held this position for fonr long hours, sometimes gaining and at other times losing ground, General McCleruand and myself acting in perfect concert and struggling to nmaiutaiu this line. While we were so hardly pressed two Iowa regiments al)proached from the rear, but could not be brought up to the severe fire that was raging in our front, and General Grant, who visited us on that ground, will remember our situation about 3 p. in.; but about 4 p. ni. it was evident that flurlbuts line had been driven back to the river, and knowing that General Wallace was coming from Crumps Landing with re-en- torcemnents, General McClernand and I, on consultation selected a new line of defense, with its right covering the bridge by~ which General Wallace had to approach. We fell back as well as we could, gather- ing, in addition to our own, such scattered forces as we could find and formed a new hue. During this change the ci memny~s cavalry charged us, but was handsomely repulsed by aim Illinois regiment, whose number I did not learn at that time or since. The Fifth Ohio Battery, which had come ul), ren(lered good service iii holding the enemy in check for some time; and Major Taylor also caine up with a new bat- tery, and got into position just iii time to get a good thanking fire upon the enemys columns as he pressed on General McClernands right, checking his advance, when General MeClernands division made a fine charge on the enemy, and drove him l)ack into the ravines to our front and right. I had a clear field about 200 yards wide in my inane- diate front, and contented myself with keeping the enemys infantry at that distance during the rest of the (lay. ~ In this position we rested for the night. My command had become (lecidedly of a mixed character. Bucklands brigade was the only one with me that retained its organization. Colonel Hildebrand was per- somiahly there, but his brigade was not. Colonel McDowell had been severely injured by a fall from his horse and had gone to the river, and the three regiments of his brigade were not in line. The Thirteemith Missouri, Col. Crafts J. Wright, had reported to me omi the field and fought well, retaining its regimental orgauization, a umd it formed a part of my line during Sunday night and all of Monday; other fragments of regiments and companies had also fallen into my division, and acted. with it during the remainder of the battle. General Grant and Buehl visited me in our bivouac that evening, auid from them I learned th Page 251 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 251 ( situation of affairs on the other parts of the field. General Wallace arrived from Crumps Landing shortly after dark, and formed his line to ~y right and rear. It rained hard during the night, but our men were tin good spirits and lay on their arms, being satisfied with such bread ~nd meat as could be gathered from the neighboring camps, and de- termined to redeem on Monday the losses of Sunday. ~--~ / At daylight on Monday I received General Grants orders to advance find recapture our original camps. I dispatched several members of ~ny staff to bring up all the men they could find, and especially the brigade of Colonel Stuart, which had been separated from the division all the day before, and at the appointed time the division, or rather what remained of it, with the Thirteenth Missouri and other fragments, marched forward and reoccupied the ground on the extreme right of General McClernands camp, where we attracted the fire of a battery located near Colonel McDowells former headquarters. Here I remained, patiently waiting for the sound of General Buells advance upon the main Corinth road. About 10 a. m. the heavy firing in that direction and its steady approach satisfied me, and General Wallace being on our right flank with his well-conducted division, I led the head of my column to General McClernands right, formed line of battle facing south, with Bucklands brigade directly across the ridge and Stuarts brigade on its right in the wood, and thus advanced slowly and steadily, under a heavy fire of musketry and artillery. Taylor had just got to me from the rear, where he had gone for ammunition, and brought up three guns, which I ordered into position, to advance by hand, firing. These guns belonged to Company A, Chicago Light Artillery, com- mnanded by Lient. P. P. Wood, and did most excellent service. Under cover of their lire we advanced till we reached the point where the Corinth road crosses the line of McClernands camps, and here I saw for the first time the well-ordered and compact columns of General Buells Kentucky forces, whose soldierly movements at once gave con- fidence to our newer and less-disciplined forces. Here I saw Willichs regiment advance upon a point of water-oaks and thicket, behind which I knew the enemy was in great strength, and enter it in beautiful style. Then arose the severest musketry fire I ever heard, which lasted some twenty minutes, when this splendid regiment had to fall back. This green point of timber is about 500 yards east of Shiloh Meeting-House, and it was evident that here was to be the struggle. The enemy could also be seen forming his lines to the south, and General McClernand sending to me for artillery, I detached to him the three guns of Lieu- tenant Woods battery, and seeing some others to the rear of my staff to bring them forward, when, by almost Providential de- cree,they proved to be two 24-pounder howitzers, belonging to Mc- Allisters battery, served as well as ever guns could be. This was about 2 oclock p. m. The enemy had one battery close by Shiloh and another near the Hamburg road, both pouring grape and canister upon any column of troops that advanced toward the green point of water-oaks. Willichs regiment had been repulsed, but a whole brigade of McCooks division advanced beautifully, deployed, and entered this dreaded woods. I ordered my Second Brigade, then commanded by Col. T. Kilby Smith, (Colonel Stuart being wounded), to form on its right, and my Fourth Brigade, Colonel Buckland, on its right, all to advance abreast with this Kentucky brigade before mentioned, which I afterwards found to be Rousseaus brigade of McCooks division. I gave personal direc- tion to the 24-pounder guns, whose well-directed fire flr~t silenced th Page 252 252 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL enemy s guns to the left, and afterwards at the Shuloli Meeting-House. Rousseaus brigade moved in splendid order steadily to the front, sweep- ing everything before it, and at 4 p. m. we stood upon the ground of our original front line and the enemy was in full retreat. I directed my several brigades to resume at once their original camps. Several times during the battle cartridges gave out, but General Grant had thoughtfully kept a supply coming from the rear. When I appealed to regiments to stand fast, although out of cartridges, I did so because to retire a regiment for any cause has a bad effect on others. I com- mend the Fortieth Illinois and Thirteenth Missouri for thus holding their ground under a heavy fire, although their cartridge boxes were empty. I am ordered by General Grant to give personal credit where it is due and censure where I think it merited. I concede that General fMcCooks splendid division from Kentucky drove back the enemy along /the Corinth road, which was the great central line of this battle. There Beauregard commanded in person, supported by Braggs, Johnstons, and Breckinridges divisions. I think J& hnston was killed by exposing himself in front of his troops at the time of their attack on Bucklands ~brigade on Sunday morning, although in this I may be mistaken. My division was made up of regiments perfectly new, nearly all having received their muskets for the first time at Paducah. None of them had ever been under fire or beheld heavy columns of an enemy bearing down on them as they did on us last Sunday. They knew nothing of the value of combination and organization. When individual fears seized them the first impulse was to get away. To expect of them the coolness and steadiness of older troops would be wrong. My Third Brigade did break munch too soon, and I ani not yet advised. where they were during Sunday afternoon and Monday morning. Col- onel Hildebrand, its commander, was as cool as any maim 1 ever saw, and no one could have made stronger efforts to hold men to their places than he did. He kept his own regiment, with individual exceptions, in hand an hour after Applers and Mungens regiments had left their proper field of action. - Colonel BucllTh~nd managed his brigade well. I commend him to your notice as a cool, judicious, intelligent gentle- man, needing only confidence and experience to make a good com- mander. His subordinates, Colonels Sullivan and Cockerill, behaved with great gallantry, the former receiving a severe wound on Sunday, and yet commanding and holding his regiment well in hand all day, and on Monday, till his right arm was broken by a shot. Colonel Cockerill held a larger portion of his men than any colonel in my divis- ion, and was with me from first to last. Col. J. A. McDowell, com- manding the First Brigade, held his ground on Sunday till I ordered him to fall back, which he did in line of battle, and when ordered he conducted the attack on the enemys left in good style. In falling back to the next position he was thrown from his horse and injured, and his brigade was not in position on Monday morning. His subordinates, Colonels Hicks and Worthington, displayed great personal courage. Colonel Hicks led his regiment in the attack of Sunday, and received a wound which is feared may prove mortal. He is a brave and gallant gentleman, and deserves well of his country. Lieutenant-Colonel Wal- cutt, of the Forty-sixth Ohio, was wounded on Sunday, and has been disabled ever since. My Second Brigade, Colonel Stuart, was detached near 2 miles from my headquarters. He had to fight his own battle o~i Sunday, as the enemy interposed between him and General Prentiss early in the day Page 253 253 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. Colonel Stuart was wounded severely, and yet reported for duty on Monday morning, but was compelled to leave during the day, when the loemmand devolved on Col. T. Kilby .$j~jth, O~jo, who was jaiways in the thickest of the fight and l~diLhe brig~de handsomely. I ~h ave not yet received Colonel Stuarts report of the operations of his hyigade during the time he was detached, and must therefore forbear to mention names. Lieutenant-Colonel Kyle, of the Seventy-first, was mortally wounded on Sunday, but the regiment itself I did not see, as omdy a small fragment of it was with the brigade when it joined the division on Monday morning. Great credit is due the fragments of men of the disordered regiments who kept in the advance. I observed and noticed them, but until the brigadiers and colonels make their reports I cannot venture to name individuals, but will in due season u9~tice all who kept in our front line, as well as those who preferred to k~,epbaek near the steamboat landing. I will also send a full list of the killed, wounded, and missing, by name, rank, company, and regiment. At present I submit the result inilgures :* Killed. Wounded. Missing. d a a S S S a 0 ~S a ~ a ~ a 0~ 0-0 FiretBrifade: 1 ~ 7148 2 6thlowa 2 40 3 117 . 39 4OthOhlo 2 32 3 147 52 Morton Battery 1 Total First Brigade 6 123 13 412 93 647 m Second Brigade: ssthnlmois. 1 45 8 183 41 S4thOhio 2 22 5 128 82 71stOhio 1 12 52 1 45 Total Second Brigade 4 79 13 363 1 118 578 Third Bri q1ade: 7 39 5 S7thOhio 2 7 82 33 77thOhio 7 107 3 53 Total Third Brigade 3 62 7 228 3 91 394 Fourth Brh~ade: 4tthOhio. 1 13 3 70 1 45 70thOhio 9 1 53 1 39 ~dOhio 2 13 ~ Total Fourth Brigade 3 35 9 208 2 133 390 Barretts battery 1 s 6 Taylors battery (no report) Waterhouses battery 1 3 14 18 Orderly 1 1 Grandtotal. 16 302 45 1,230 6 435 2,034 The enemy captured seven of our guns on Sunday, but on Monday ~v e recovered seven gunsnot the identical guns we had lost, but enough in numbers to balance the account. At the time of recovering our camps our men were so fatigued that we could not follow the re- 5But see revised statement, p. 103 Page 254 254 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CTIAP. XXU treating masses of the enemy, but the following day we followed up ~with Bucklands and ilildebrands brigades for 6 miles, the result of ~vhich I have already reported.* Of my personal staff I can only speak with praise and thanks. I think they smelt as much gunpowder and heard as many cannon-balls and bullets as must satisfy their ambition. Captain Hammond, my chief of staff, though in feeble health, was very active in rallying broken troops, encouraging the steadfast, and aiding to form the lines of defense and attack. I recommend him to your notice. Major San- gers intelligence, quick perception, and rapid execution were of very great value to me, especially in bringing into line the batteries that co-operated so efficiently in our movements. Captains McCoy and Dayton, aides-de-camp, were witli me all the time, and acting with coolness, spirit, and conrage. To Surgeon Hartshorn and Dr. LHoin- inedien hundreds of wounded men are indebted for kind and excellent treatment received on the field of battle and in the various temporary hospitals created along the line of our operations. They worked day and night, and did not rest till all the wounded of our own troops, as well as of the enemy, were in safe and comfortable shelter. To Major Taylor, chief of aitillery, I feel under (leep obligations for his good sense and judgment in managing the batteries, on which so much depended. I inclose his report and indorse his recommendations. The cavalry of my command kept to the rear and took little part in the action, but it would have been madness to have exposed horses to the musketry-fire under which we were compelled to remain from Sunday at 8 a. m. till Monday at 4 p. m. Captain Kossak, of the Engineers, was with me all the time, and was of great assistance. I inclose his sketch of the battle-field,t which is the best I have seen, and will enable yon to see the various positions occupied by my division, as well as of the others that participated in the battle. I will also send in during the day the detailed reports of my brigadiers and colonels, and will indorse them with such remarks as I deem proper. I am, with very much respect, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding Fifth Division. Capt. JohN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant- General to General Grant. No. 66. i~eport of Col. John A. McDowell, Sixth Iowa Infantry, commanding First Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVISION, Gamp, Shiloh, Tenn., April 9, 1862. At the first alarm of the enemys attack Sunday, the 6th, the line of the First Brigade was formed, as per previous orders, to hold the Purdy road and the right front. Two companies of the Sixth Iowa were de- tached to defend the bridge crossing Owl Creek and one of the 12-pounder howitzers of the Morton Battery placed to command the crossing on the hill at the right of our encampment. About 8 oclock the line was * To appear in proper sequence, post. t Not found Page 255 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 255 thrown forward to the brow of the hill, and the remaining guns of the Morton battery brought up to command the several openings to the front, and from this position several shots were fired on the dnemy~s masses, not then formed into line, and the Fortieth Illinois Infantry were ordered forward and to the left to support the right of the Fourth Brigade, in which position they became warmly engaged, when the order came to fall back to the Purdy road. This was accomplished with difficulty, from the extended front of our line, at that time three- ~ijuarters of a mile in length, on and over a broken and wooded surface, and at the time when the only passable (the main) road was filled by the teams of the brigade. Yet the change of position and front was just accomplished when the order to send the battery to the center was re- ceived. The five guns were immediately dispatched. The other, from the position of guarding the bridge, not coming up in. time, remained with the brigade, as the passage by the road had in the mean time been cut off. In this position and front a few rounds were exchanged, and the skirmishers were again thrown forward. When it was known that we were cut off from the center by the enemy in force on the center and across the road and by a large force in the old field on our left and their cavalry to the left and rear, the howitzer was placed on our left front under cover, and the enemy driven from the field by a few dis- charges of canister. Soon after, at about 10 oclock, Major Sanger brought the order to move to the center and rear. This was accom- plished as soon as possible nuder the annoyance of the enemys skir- mishers. Here our front was again changed to the former front of the general line of engagement. By the generals order the Fortieth Illinois was advanced to support of the batteries in the center, and the opening filled by the Sixth Iowa, being flanked from its position on the right to the center, leaving the Forty-sixth Ohio on the right and a little to the rear. These dis- positions remained unchanged for a period of nearly two hours when at about 12.30 oclock, the enemy, finding no opposition on th~ light, brought a large force to our right and fronting our flank, causing us to suffer a cross-fire from superior numbers both on the front and flank. It was here that the brigade suffered its greatest loss. In passing to the right through the thicket and crossing the ravine I was thrown from my horse and severely shocked, and was at that time moving to have the Forty-sixth fall back behind the crest, when 4Dolonel Worthington changed front and gave the enemy the first fire. The Fortieth had gone forward against the enemys battery so far as to become entirely separated from the rest of the command. At a little past 1 oclock the Forty-sixth were ordered to retreat, and lost in this retreat 14 killed and a large proportion of their wounded. The Sixth fell back with less loss. Afterwards, during the day and the day following, different portions of each regiment were attached to other commands, and of the Sixth Iowa and Fortieth Illinois these fragments were detained with Colonel 4llarfleld and General Nelson, by the order of the general commanding~ until Tuesday and Wednesday respectively. The behavior of my men and of their officers, almost without excep- tion, was creditable, and of this I shall in another manner properly notice. Respectfully, JNO. ADAIR McDOWELL, Golonel Sixth Iowa, Commanding Fir8t Brigade Page 256 256 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CnAi~. XXIL No. 67. Report of Capt. John Williams, iS~ixth Iowa Infantry. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY, Pittsburg Landing, Tcnn., April 10, 1862. COLONEL: Having assumed command of the regiment by your order~ I have the honor to make the following official report of the Sixth Iowa Infantry during the recent engagement: On Sunday morning, when the attack was made on General Grants center, the regiment was immediately brought into line of battle, aud was then moved about 50 yards to the front along the edge of the woods. Company I was thrown out as skirmishers, and Companies E and G were moved to the left and front of our line to support a battery just placed there. We were in this position for more than two hours, when we were ordered to fall back to the rear of our tamp on the Purdy road. The battle at this time was raging fiercely in the center and extend- ing gradually to the right. The line was slowly yielding to a vastly superior force, and it now became evident that we must change our position or be entirely cut off from the rest of the army. The regiment then marched by the left flank about 600 yards; crossed an open field about 150 yards wide; took a position in the edge of the woods, and fornied a new line of battle, which was again succeeded by another line nearly perpendicular to the former, the right resting close to the Purdy road. It was here Lieutenants Halliday and Grimes were wounded and carried from the field, thus preventing them from distinguishing them. selves, as they undoubtedly would have done had they been spared to take part in the desperate and severe struggle that soon ensued. It was here that Companies D and K, on picket duty at Owl Creek, joined the regiment by a circuitous route, the enemy having already got be- tween them and the regiment. The regiment did not remain here long, however, but moved by the left flank in an easterly direction about half a mile, over a broken and open field, and again entered the woods. A new line was formed, and the regiment moved forward to meet the advancing foe. The line of battleat this time diagonal to the enemyswas immediately changed to front them, and it was here that the regiment withstood a shower of leaden hail and bullets which now was pouring in upon it with deadly effect. Notwithstanding a vastly superior force and with no supl)ort, the regiment gallantly maintained this position for more than two hours, and when it became apparent that no succor was coming to it, and after the enemy had already turned our right flank and began Pouring a galling cross-fire upon it, the regiment was ordered to retire. It fell back in good order and was assigned to the support of batteries near the river. At this stage of the battle I was wounded and carried fruin the field. From authentic sources I learn, however, that the regiment, under Captain Walden, remained at the batteries all night. The next day the regiment was not formed as a regiment, but a de- tachment, under Lieutenants Minton and Allison, was connected to an Illinois regiment, and the major portion, under Captain Walden, vol- untarily joined Colonel Garfields command, and participated in the engagement throughout the day nutil the enemy fled in great eonfu- sion. In regard to the bravery, coolness, and intrepidity of both officers and men too much cannot be said. Where all did so well to partic Page 257 CHAP. XXII.1 PITTSBIJRG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 257 larize would seem invidious; suffice it to say the officers, with one or two exceptions, are deserving the highest praise. The men were at all times cool and as free from fear or confusion as if they were on dress- parade. The list of casualties whi of the contest. , cli I append below, fully attests the severity The following is the number of killed, wounded, and missing in the two days engagement :* Killed 64 MwBing 100 47 Total 211 Total number engaged less than 650. I have the honor to be, yours, respectfully, JOHN WILLIAMS, Captain, Commanding Regiment. No. 68. Report of Col. David Stuart Fifty-fifth illinois infantry, commanding A~econd Brsgade. HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVIsIoN, Camp, Shiloh, April 10, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit a report of the part taken by the Second Brigade of General Shermans division in the engagement of the 6th and 7th instant. The brigade, composed of the Fifty-fifth Illinois, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Malmborg the Fifty-fourth Ohio, Col. T. Kilby Smith, and the Seventy-first 6hio, Col. R. Mason, occupied the ex- treme left of the advance, General Prentiss division on my right and front. In obedience to General Shermans orders I kept a company at ciA in the vicinity of the ford of Lick Creek, on the Hamburg road, and another on and in the vicinity of the Back road (coming in on the hills opposite and southeast of the encampment), as picket guards, and on his order on Saturday sent six companies out on the Ham- burg road, with a squadron of cavalry sent forward by General Mc- Clernand, to reconnoiter beyond Hamburg. The disposition of my pickets was reported to and approved by General Sherman. At 7.30 oclock on Sunday morning I received a verbal message from General Prentiss that the enemy were in his front in force. Soon after my pick- ets sent in word that a force, with artillery, were advancing on the Back road. In a very short time I discovered the Pelican flag advancing in the rear of General Prentiss headquarters. I dispatched my adjutant (Loomis), of the Fifty-fourth Ohio, to General Hurlbut, who occupied with his division the rear in the center, to inform him that General Prentiss left was turned, and to ask him to advance his forces. The reply was that he would advance immediately. Within fifteen minutes General Hurlbnt sent forward a battery, which took position on the road immediately by Colonel Masons (Seventy-first) headquarters. A regiment (the Forty-first Illinois, as I remember) formed in line on the right of this battery. Observing these dispositions, and expecting that But see revised statement, p. 103. 17 R RVOL Page 258 258 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXLL the remainder of General Huributs division would be up quickly, I established my line of battle accordingly, with the right of the Seventy- first Ohio resting opposite the eastern extremity of the camp of the Fifty-fifth Illinois, the Fifty-fifth Regiment next, on the left, and the Fifty-fourth beyond, facing the south. I had two companies of the Fifty-fifth Illinois and two companies of the Fifty-fourth Ohio detached as skirmishers on the hills opposite and across the creek or ravine where the enemy was endeavoring to plant a battery, covered by a much larger force of skirmishers. From a convenient position on the brow of the bank north of the creek with my glass I could observe all their movements. Having succeeded in planting their battery in a com- manding position they opened a fire of shell upon us, under cover of which the infantry advanced U~Oll us diagonally from the left of Pren- tiss division, and also from the right of their battery. I hastened in person to the battery I had left half an hour before in front of Colonel Masons tent to order them farther to the east, in front of my head- quarters, where they would have had a splendid fire as well upon the enemys battery as upon the advancing infantry. The battery had left without firing a gun and the battalion on its right had disappeared. For above a quarter of a mile to my right no soldier could be seen, unless fugitives, making their way to the rear. A large body of the enemys troops were advancing due north toward Masons camp, and I saw that the position of my brigade was inevitably flanked by an overwhelming and unopposed force. Hastening back to my brigade, I found the enemy rapidly advancing on its front. The Seventy-first Ohio had fallen back, under the shelling of the enemys guns, to some posi- tion (as I am informed by Colonel Mason) about 150 yards in the rear, and reformed on a ridge of ground very defensible for infantry, but I could not find them, and had no intimation as to where they had gone. Before I could change position the Fifty-fifth Illinois and Fifty-fourth Ohio were engaged, but as soon as possible I withdrew them to a posi- tion on the brow of a hill, and formed a line which, extended, would intersect my first line diagonally from northwest to southeast. At this point I had not to exceed 800 men of the Fifty-fifth Illinois and Fifty- fourth Ohio. I saw nothing more of the Seventy-first Regiment through the fight. The enemys force of five regiments of infantry and a bat- tery of four guns, which had been moving on our right flank, were here brought to a stand, and formed a line of battle; a body of cavalry were sent off on our then right toward our rear, to harass or cut off our re- treat; a part of the force which had attacked our first front was dis- posed with a view of flanking us on our present left. Against this latter force (moving through a ravine, which had its mouth just below and in the rear of our extreme left) I sent a detachment of four com- panies of Zonaves, Fifty-fourth Ohio, under Major Fisher, by whom they were held in check during the fight. This engagement opened, the enemys line and ours being established at a distance of about 150 yards apart. At this point we fought, and held them for upwards of two hours. The enemys lines were within the edge of a grove, pretty well defended by trees; the space between us was an open, level, and smooth field. The disposition of their forces was made deliberately, and occu- pied fully fifteen minutes after we came upon the ground. Inadequate as I knew my force to be, I was encouraged to fight it and hold my position, first with the object of detaining the enemys forces from advancing toward the river, and secondly because I received a messa~ge from General McArthur, who appeared in person somewhere in my vYcinity, to hold my position, and that he wotild support me o Page 259 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 259 my right. I could not find th~ Seventy-first Ohio Regiment, and had less than 800 men under my command. During the action we observed a battery planted southeast of us, in a commanding position, to enfilade our line. It was, however, employed with little beyond threatening effect, the firing being too high. We had received no support on our right, as promised by General McArthur. We had emptied the cartridge boxes of the killed and wounded, and our ammunition was exhausted. Our fire was so slackened from this cause and our losses that I was apprehensive of a forward movement by the enemy, who could easily have overwhelmed us and thrown us into ruinous confusion. With the advice of Colonel Smith, of the Fifty-fourth Ohio, and Lieutenant- Colonel Malmborg, commanding the Fifty-fifth Illinois, I gave the or- der to fall back through the ravine and reform on a hill to our right. I led the remnant of my brigade in good order to the point selected. When we reached it, the enemy had advanced on our left with their battery and were on a commanding position within 600 yards. They opened a fire of shell upon us, which compelled me to move on still farther, sheltering the command as well as possible by ravines and cir- cuitous paths, till we reached a cavalry camp, where the brigade was reformed. On our way we were joined by a small remnant of the Sev- enty-first, under command of Adjutant Hart, of that regiment (some 17 or 18 men). Finding I was beyond the line of the enemy, after con- ~on I ordered the brigade to march to the rear, toward the Land- ing, in preference to sending for ammunition, which I apprehended would not reach us. Within a quarter of a mile of the batteries the brigade was halted by an officer of General Grants staff who stated that ammunition was being sent back, and ordered that every fragment of regiments moving toward the Landing should be stopped. Suffering from a wound 1 had received in my shoulder before the ter- mination of our fight I turned the command over to Col. T. Kilby Smith, of the Fifty-fourth Ohio, the next in rank, and proceeded to the Landing to learn the extent of my injury. Colonel Smith left the command to Lieutenant-Colonel Malmborg temporarily, while he returned to find and unite with the brigade the left wing of hi~ regiment, which had become detached from us in their defense of our left flank, under Major Fisher. Meanwhile General Grant, passing, ordered Colonel Malmborg to form a line near the batteries. Major Fisher soon came in with his men and joined the line. Through Colonel Malmborgs efforts a line of over 3,000 men was formed, composed of remnants of regiments mov- ing towards the Landing. Major Andrews, of the Seventy-first, here came up with a portion of the left wing of his regiment, about 150 men, whom he had led to the bank of the Tennessee, where he hailed the gunboats, informing them of the approach of the enemy. So much of the brigade were in the last engagement near the batteries. On Monday morning the brigade took the field, under the command of Colonel Smith. Its conduct was under the observation of the general himself. I was not able to do more than to make an effort to excite the enthusiasm of the men and lead them to the field when they were ordered forward into action. I turned the command over to Colonel Smith soon after. The experience of Sunday left me under no appre- hension as to the fate of the brigade, if coolness, deliberation, and personal bravery could save it from loss or disgrace. Colonel Smith, from the beginning to the end of the engagement on Sunday, was con- stantly at his post, rallying, encouraging, and fighting his men under incessant fire, regardless of personal safety. I was under great obligations to Lieutenant-Colonel Malmborg, whos Page 260 260 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. military education and experience were of every iniportanceto me. Com- prehending at a glance the purpose and object of every movement of the enemy, lie was able to advise me promptly and intelligently as to the disposition of my men. He was cool, observant, discreet, and brave, and of infinite service to me. Adjt. Charles Loomis, of the Fifty- fourth, who was my only aide, discharged his duties with the utmost promptness and gallantry. He was intelligent, brave, and is a very meritorious officer. It is my duty to make special mention of Adjutant Hart, of the Seventy-first Regiment, who, having lost his own regiment, sought a place in the ranks of the Fifty-fifth, and with 17 men of that regiment fought there bravely from first to last. Every captain in the Fifty-fifth did his duty, with one disgraceful exception, and he is under arrest. The same is true of the lieutenants, with one exception, and he also is arrested. The following-named officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates are reported to me by Lieutenant-Colonel Malmborg as meriting notice especially: Captain Wright, Co. F, who was wounded; Captain Heffernan, Co. H; Captain Chandler, Co. ID; Captain Slattery, Co. I; Second Lient. E. C. Lawrence Co B, who was wounded; Second Lieutenant Hodges, Co. C, killed; ~econd Lieut. J. H. Roberts, Co. ID; First Lieutenant Weldon, Co. H, badly wounded; Second Lieutenant Aagessen, Co. H, badly wounded~ First Lieutenant Crooker, Co. I, badly wounded; Ser- geant Glass, C~. A; Corporal Williamson, Co. A, wounded; Corporal Simpson, Co. A, wounded; Corporal Erickson, Co. A; Private Hebb, Co. A; Sergeant Elliot, Co. B, badly wounded; Sergeant Huntington, Co. B, badly wounded; Corporal Payne, Co. B; Private Sullivan, Co. B; Private Bradford, Co. B; First Sergeant Partch (A. E.), Co. C, badly wounded; Sergeant Curtiss, Co. C; Corporal Shultz, Co. C, badly wounded; Corporal Oliver, Co. C; Private Mahan, Co. C, badly wounded; Private Kettleson, Co. C, badly wounded; Sergeant Smith, Co. ID, badly wounded; Sergeant Greer, Co. ID, badly wounded; Corporal Knapp, Co. ID, badly wounded; Corporal Harrell, Co ID, badly wounded; Private Burk, Co. ID, badly wounded; Private Rodenbaugh, Co. ID, badly wounded; Sergeant Porter, Co. E, badly wounded; Sergeant Short, Co. E; Corporal Campbell, Co. E; Corporal Merrill, Co. E; Private6 Arndt, Co. E; Private Boltiughouse, Co. E; Sergt. George Sanford, Co. F, woundeddead; First Sergeant Shreves, Co. F, wounded; Cor- poral Haney, Co F, wounded; Corporal Ferguson, Co. F, wounded; Private Bone, Co. F, wounded; Private Keffer, Co. F, wounded; Cor- poral IDavis, Co. G, wounded; Corporal Newell, Co. G, wounded; Pri- vate Hawk, Co. G, wounded; Private Mix, Co. G, wounded; Sergeant McCready, Co. H; Sergeant IDe Wolf, Co. H, killed; Sergeant Crouch, Co. H, killed;. Corporal Richardson, Co. II, wounded; Corporal Healey, Co. H, wounded; Private Adams, Co. H; Private Beers, Co. H, wounded; Sergt. E. T. Slattery, Co. I, badly wounded; Sergeant Armstrong, Co. I, wounded; Corporal Lynn, Co. I, wounded; Corporal Lull, Co. I, wounded; Private Peters, Co. I, wounded; Private Kimberk, Co. I, wounded; Sergeant Kendrick, Co. K, wounded; Corporal flanthorn, Co. K, wounded; Corporal House, Co. K, wounded. Hespectfully, your obedient servant, ID. STUART, Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade. Capt. J. H. HAMMOND, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 261 Ct,& p. XXII.J PITT~BURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 261 No. 61~. Report of (Jot. Rodney Mason, Seventy-first Ohio Infantry. HDQRS. SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT Gino VoLs., April 10, 1862. When we formed in line on Sunday morning we had an aggregate of 510 commissioned, non-commissioned officers, and privates in line. You were yourself witness to the conduct and disposition of the regiment during the battle on Sunday. When the artillery opened upon our front from the nortli bank of the creek the regiment fell back, but were promptly rallied and reformed on another ridge of ground about 150 yards in reara strong position for infantry, and the only defensible one near. While there awaiting the attack the Fifty-fifth Illinois and Fifty-fourth Ohio formed in the ravine on our left. I had seen two or three regiments form in line on the ground lately abandoned by us, and thence at right angles towards our new position, threatening the right of the line formed by the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth. I was deterred from opening fire upon them by a message, communicated by a mounted orderly from Colonel McArthur, that they had been visited by officers of his regiments, and that they were our own men, displaying a seces- sion flag captured from the enemy, intended as a decoy. When they opened on you, however, I gave the order to fire, and my men delivered a well-directed and well-sustained fire, which must have been destruct- ive, for the enemy were thrown into confusion and fell back; but they soon ralliedalmost immediately. It was here that the gallant Lieu- tenant-Colonel Kyle fell, mortally wounded. His fall had a most dis- heartening effect upon the entire regiment, by whom he was greatly esteemed, the regiment having been reci~uited and organized by him. We continued to fire from our line uiitil I saw the left of the brigade falling back and was informed that our left flank had been turned, when I gave the order to fall back. I was on the right. Major An- drews was on the left. The country in our rear, as you are aware, is much broken by short, deep ravines, leading into the main channel run- ning into Lick Creek. In this retreat the regiment was separated. I led part of it towards our right and rear, as Major Andrews led part to the bank of the Tennessee River, where he spoke one of the gunboats, which, shelling the roads, covered their retreat. Part of the regiment went back under your personal command. At the Landing we rallied as many of our men as could be collected, about 250, and took part in the last combat, in which the enemy were checked. In the battle on Monday we started with about 200 men. These were scattered through the woods shortly after our entering into the action, a few remaining in line. The others I disposed of, as far as I was able to collect them, in other regiments or in such way as I could make them available. I desire to make special mention of Major Andrews for the steadi- ness, discretion, and gallantry with which he conducted that portion of the regiment under his command after we were broken, and to Adjutant Hart and Sergeant Major McConnell for their un stant gallantry throughout the day. tiring efforts and con- I am required to state especial cases of misconduct. None came un- der my observation, nor have I been informed of any deserving especial notice. I regret that the regiment did not bear themselves with greater steadiness; but it must be remarked, in extenuation, that the regiment was new; that it had been rapidly organized, and that we were ordere Page 262 262 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAT. XXII. unarmed into the field, and that up to the time of our arrivel at this post the regiment had never spent ten hours in the battalion drill. Soldiers thus situated are never reliable, and when exposed to the fire of artillery, to which they have no means of replying, are almost always disheartened, if not demoralized. The fact that our loss amounts to one-fifth of the entire force engagedthe actual killed and wounded, certainly known and reported, of over one-eighthshows that there was no want of personal courage or exposure. The severest loss tell on Company K, Captain Bown, who held the log house formerly occupied by the Fifty-fifth Illinois as a hospital until they were cut off by the enemy, losing, killed, wounded, and prisoners, more than one-half of their officers and men. R. MASON, Colonel Seventy-first Ohio Volunteers. Col. DAVID STUART, Commanding Second Brigade, Fifth Division. No. 70. Re-port of Cot. Jesse ifildebrand, Seventy-8eVenth Ohio infantry, command ing Third Brigade. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVISION, West Tennessee District, Camp, April 10, 1862. I have the honor herewith to submit a consolidated report of the part taken by my brigade in the battle of Pittsbnrg. Early on the morning of Sunday, 6th instant, our pickets were fired on, and shortly after 7 oclock the enemy appeared in force, presenting himself in columns of regiments at least four deep. He opened upon our camp a heavy fire from infantry, which was immediately followed by shell. Having formed my brigade in line of battle I ordered an ad- vance. The Seventy-seventh and Fifty-seventh Regiments were thrown forward to occupy a certain position, but encountered the enemy in force within 300 yards of our camp. Unfortunately we were not sup- ported by artillery, and consequently were compelled to retire under cover of our camp, the engagement becoming general along the entire front of my command. A battery having been brought to support our right, the Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh Regiments stood side by side for four hours, con- tending with a force of not less than four to one.* The battery having been forced from its position, and the infantry, both on our right and left, having fallen back, it became necessary that the two regiments forming part of my command should fall back, lest their retreat be effectually cut off. The Fifty-third Regiment, after forming in line of battle under my order, fired two rounds, and immediately fell back into the woods. it appears from the report of Colonel Appler that, apprehending a flank movement on his left, he ordered a retreat, but subsequently rallied in the rear of the Eighteenth Illipois. This regiment became separated from my command, and its movements throughout the balance of the day were general. The Fifty-seventh, under command of Lieutenant- * The nominal lists of casualties in these regiments are embodied in revised state- ment, p. 104; but see also division return, p. 253 Page 263 Cair. Xxii.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 263 Colonel Rice, united with other regiments during the day, and did good service. My brigade having thus been broken, I became separated from it, and personally took an active part throughout the day in rallying other regiments and parts of regiments. At one time I had the honor of be- ing named by General McClernand as one of his staff. About 3p. m. I assumed command of a regiment already formed, composed of frag- mentary regiments. I marched in a northwestern direction, where I aided a regiment of Sharpshooters in defeating the enemy in an attempt to flank our rear. I passed the night on the battle-field, in company with Colonels Buckland, Cockerill, Rice, and other officers. On Monday morning I collected my brigade as far as practicable and marched to a point near the field of battle, forming near the rear, hold- ing my force in readiness to enter into action whenever ordered. We remained in this position until the enemy had retreated and the victory achieved. On the 8th instant, in obedience to your orders, I marched my brigade, attended by a large cavalry force, also by Colonel Bucklands brigade, to a point about 4 miles on the Corinth road, then, bearing left about half a mile, halted in an open field. Skirmishers were sent forward, who discovered rebel cavalry in considerable force. The skirmishera immediately fired upon the enemy, when the Seventy-seventh, under Lieutenant-Colonel IDe Hass, was ordered up to support them. Soon after forming in line of battle a large body of cavalry made a bold and dashing charge on the skirmishers and whole regiment. So sudden and rapid was the charge, shooting our men with carbines and revolvers, they had no time to reload or fix bayonets, and were forced to fall back under cover of our cavalry. Unhappily the cavalry were not sufficiently near to render assistance. The rebel cavalry literally rode down the infantry. We sustained a loss in killed, wounded, and missing of 57 men. Nineteen were killed on the spot, 30 wounded, and the balance missing. Capts. A. W. McCormick and A. Chandler, and other officers, are of the number missing. Second Lient. Hanson Criswell is also among the number. Having buried the dead and removed the wounded, I returned with my brigade to camp on the same evening before 10 oclock. I submit tabular statements of the number killed, wounded, and missing from the regiment. Of the officers and men who participated in the battle of Pittsburg and the affair of Tuesday I am happy to bear testimony to the fidelity, bravery, and devotion of all. A few retired without orders, but gen- erally all acquitted themselves with credit. Maj. B. ID. Fearing and Lieut. Col. W. De Hass behaved well, and exhibited much judgment, as well as bravery. Major Fearing had immediate command of the regiment, and acquitted himself with a& much skill, bravery, and military bearing as an officer of long experi- ence, and was not excelled by any field officer who came under my observation. Lieutenant-Colonel De Hass aided on the field of battle wherever his services could be useful, directing the movement of troop& who had not been assigned to positions, assisting batteries to form where the most effective service could be performed, and rendering such other aid as was proper and judicious. It is due to Lieutenant-Colonel IDe Hass that the disaster of Tuesday is not responsible to him. He did his best to rally the men and be- haved with becoming bravery. The Fifty-seventh, commanded by Lieu- tenant-Colonel Rice, rendered efficient service. Lieutenant-Colonel Ric Page 264 264 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL behaved with bravery, and exhibited much skill in the movement of the regiment. Colonel Mungen was prevented from going to the field by sickness, from which he had suffered several days. The adjutant and company officers generally behaved well. The Fifty-third I have already referred to. The regiment under the command of J. J. Appler fell back after two rounds, under the order of Colonel Appler. Soon afterward, as I am informed, he left the ield, and was not again with the regiment during the day or Monday. Lieutenant-Colonel Fulton, in command of the regiment, the adjutant, and company officers behaved well. All of which I respectfully submit. J. HILDEBRAND, Colonel, Commanding. General WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, Commanding. NOTE.About 6 oclock on Sunday evening a portion of my brigade, including the Fifty-third and Seventy-seventh Regiments, took a posi- tion near the heavy guns on the hill near Pittsburg, where they were prepared to support them. This was during the critical period when the enemy attempted to storm our position. The Fifty-third Regiment did good service during the afternoon of Sunday operating with other regiments. J. H., C., Xo. 71. Report of l2ieut. Col. Robert A. Fulton, Fifty-third Ohio Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FIFTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEERS, Camp, ~hiloh, April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the engagements of the 6th, 7th, and 8th: Shortly after daylight on the morning of the 6th the regiment was formed on the color line under order and direction of Colonel Appler. After remaining here for a time they were moved to the left of our camp, forming line of battle perpendicular to the first line. Soon after Colonel Appler ordered the regiment to face about and wheel to the right and take position in rear of the camp, which maneuver was executed under fire of the rebel skirmishers. The new line of battle was formed just in rear of our camp, in the edge of the woods. A section of Water- houses battery took position in the woods to our right. General Sher- man and staff rode up to the open field in front of the left wing, and were fired upon by the rebel skirmishers, now advancing through the thicket in front of our camp, killing an orderly. General Sherman, riding back, ordered Colonel Appler to hold his position; lie would support him. A battery opened upon us. The sec- tion of artillery on our right, after firing two shots, limbered up and went to the rear. A line of rebel infantry advanced to within 50 yards and were fired into by the left wing and recoiled. Advancing again, they were met by a tire from the regiment, under which they again fell back. At this time Colonel Appler gave the command, Fall back and save yourselves. Hearing this order, the regiment fell back in disordei~, passing around the flanks of the Illinois Forty-ninth Page 265 CHAP. Xxii] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 265 Here in connection with the company officers and the adjutant, I succeeded in rallying the regiment, and was about to station them at the crossing of the creek, above the Big Springs, to repel the force who were turning the flank of the Fifty-seventh Ohio, when Colonel Ap- pier, by direction, he says, of a staff officer of General McClernand, moved the regiment by the left flank up the ravine and afterward by the right flank, taking position on the hill to the left of Shiloh. Chapel, and near the front of General Shermans headquarters. The regiment remained in this position for some time exposed to a galling fire, which could not be returned without endangering the regi- mentin front, who were hotly engaged. Colonel Appler here abandoned the regiment, giving again the order, Fall back and save yourselves. Companies A and F, under command of Capts. W. S. Jones and J. B. Percy, with Adjutant Dawes, remained in the front, and soon after be- came hotly engaged, in connectiou with the Seventeenth Illinois. This regiment retreating, these two companies fell back after them, making as much resistance as possible. They afterwards joined the Forty- eighth Ohio, and with them aided in repelling the final assault made Sunday evening, and joined me again at night. When the remaining eight companies of the regiment fell back I became separated from them. When I again joined them they were formed with a portion of the Seventy-seventh Ohio, under command of Maj. B. D. Fearing. I immediately assumed command. Shortly afterwards, at the request of Captain Bonton, First Illinois Artillery, moved to a point near the siege-gun battery, where he took position, with my regiment as sup- port. Shortly after, at about 3.30 p. in., Captain Hammond, assistant adjutant-general to General Sherman, rode up and ordered Captain Boutons battery into position on the front and right. He called upon us to go out and support the battery. I immediately formed my men and marched out, several fragments of regiments near by refusing to go. Marching out, probably half a mile, the battery halted, and I formed on their left. Captain Bouton opened fire and was answered by a sharp fire of shot and shell from the rebel batteries, followed by canister, which killed a number of his horses and rendered his position unten- able. A detail from my regiment, under Sergt. M. K. Bosworth, assisted in drawing off his guns. Remained here during the night, and in the morning were ordered to advance, the Eighty-first Ohio on our left and the Forty-fifth Illinois on our right. Moved out with skirmishers well to the front for nearly a mile, when our skirmishers, under command of Lieut. B A. Starkey and Lieut. J. W. Fulton, encountered the rebel vedettes, driving them steadily until we reached the edge of the field known as MeClernands drill ground. Here a rebel battery opened upon us, doing but little damage, however, as our men were protected by the conformation of the ground. This battery was soon partially silenced by our artillery, and we were or- dered to fix bayonets and charge. My men advanced in good style across the field. Nearing the battery, it was discovered to be entirely abandoned. The line was halted, and skirmishers sent out in front reported a large rebel force rapidly advancing immediately in our front. They opened a sharp fire upon us, which was returned with good effect. Shells from a battery of our own upon our right and rear commenced bursting over our heads. The rebels, repossessing the battery from which we had once driven them, opened upon us again. The Eighty Page 266 266 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL first Ohio, upon my left, fell back across the open field. The staff offi- cer who had taken upon himself the direction of the line rode up and twice ordered my regiment to retreat. The second time they fell back in considerable disorder, having to pass the line of fire of our own and the rebel batteries. While engaged in rallying my regiment, upon the other side of the field, General McClernand rode up and or- dered me to post them as sharpshooters. Remained in this position until the advance of General Buells troops across the field to the left closed the day in our favor, when I marched my regiment to the left, through the drill ground of our division, to Shiloh Chapel, where I was shortly afterward joined by the remainder of the brigade. On the morning of the 8th we were ordered with the rest of the bri- gade to pursue the retreating army. About 5 miles out a cavalry charge was made upon the Seventy-seventh Ohio, deployed in the ad- vance, resulting iu the rout of that regiment and a battalion of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, their immediate support. We were ordered by Colonel Hildebrand to their support, and advanced at a double- quick, with fixed bayonets. driving the rebel cavalry before us, killing and wounding a number of them and forcing them to relinquish most of the prisoners taken. Halting here, details were made from my regiment to destroy the rebel camp near at hand, to carry off the wounded, bury the dead, and collect the arms. This being accomplished, we returned to our old camp near Shiloh Chapel. The list of casualties during the 6th and 7th is as follows: Killed, 9; wounded, 44; missing, 0. * Seven men were slightly wounded on the 8th. Respectfully, R. A. FULTOI{, Ikeutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Lieut. S. S. MOKAUGHTON, Acting Assi8tant Adjutant-General. Ko. 72. Jlkport of Col. Ralph P. Buckland, & venty-8000nd Ohio Infantry, Com manding Fourth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVISION, April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the brigade under my command in the battle of Pittsbnrg: Between 6 and 7 oclock on Sunday morning I was informed that our pickets were fired upon. I immediately gave orders for forming the brigade on the color line, which was promptly done. About this time I was informed that the pickets were being driven in. I ordered the Forty-eighth Regiment, Colonel Sullivan, to advance in support of the pickets, which he did, but discovered that the enemy had adwnced in force to the creek, about 80 to 100 rods in front. I immediately ordered the brigade to advance in line of battle. We had marched about 30 to 40 rods when we discovered the enemy, and opened fire upon him along the whole line, which checked his advance and caused him to fall back. Discovering that he was pushing a colamn up a narrow ravine, which * But see revised statement, p. 104 Page 267 CHAP. XXII.I PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 267 extended from the left of the Seventy-second Regiment to the flat at the creek, bearing somewhat to the right, I ordered the Seventy-second to change front, so as to form a line parallel to the ravine extending down to the flat, Company B forming an angle across the head of the ravine. In this position onr line was maintained for more than two hours under a deadly fire from the enemy. Officers and men behaved with great coolness and bravery, keeping up a constant stream of fire upon the enemy. He several times recoiled and rallied, but did not advance his line after the action commenced until we were ordered to fall back upon the Purdy road, which we did in good order. Lieutenant-Colonel Canfield, in command of the Seventy-second Regi- ment, was mortally wounded early in the engagement and was carried from the field. Major Crockett had been taken prisoner on the Friday previous, which left the Seventy-second Regiment without any field officers, except myself. The captains of Companies A and B, and quite a number of the other company officers, were sick and unable to go into the action, consequently I remained on the right of the brigade and took command of the Seventy-second Regiment, having full confidence that Colonels Sullivan and Cockerill would maintain their parts of the line, which they did gallantly until the regiment on the left of my brigade gave way and we were ordered to fall back. In this action the Seventy-second had the lieutenant-colonel mortally wounded (since dead), Captain Wegstein, Company H, and 10 non-com- missioned officers and privates, killed, and 3 officers and 65 non-com- missioned officers and privates wounded; the Forty-eighth Regiment, 8 privates killed and a large number wounded; the Seventieth Regi- ment, 5 privates killed and about 20 wounded. The enemys loss was very heavy in front of this brigade. Eighty-five bodies of the enemy were counted along and at the foot of the ravine flanked by the Seventy. second Regiment, among which was the body of Colonel Mouton, of the Eighteenth Louisiana Regiment, as I learned from a wounded enemy found at our camp on our return. Large numbers of dead bodies were found on the enemys line opposite our front, to the left of the 85 in the ravine. I think I may safely put the number killed by my brig?ade in that action at 200. The number of wounded must have been immense. We formed line again on the Purdy road, but the fleeing mass from the left broke through our lines, and many of our men caught the in- fection and fled with the crowd. Colonel Cockerill became separated from Colonel Sullivan and myself, and was afterwards engaged with part of his command at McClernands camp. Colonel Sullivan and myself kept together and made every effort to rally our men, but with very poor success. They had become scattered in all directions. We were borne considerably to the left, but finally succeeded in forming a line and had a short engagement with the enemy, who made his appearance soon after our line was formed. The enemy fell back, and we proceeded to the road, where you found us. At this point I was joined by Colonel Cockerill, and we there formed line of battle, and slept on our arms Sunday night. Colonel Sullivan, being out of am- munition, marched to the Landing for a supply, and while there was ordered to support a battery at that point. The next morning he joined me, and we rallied all the men we could, and advanced, under your directions, to McClernands camp. At that pointwe were again brought into action at a critical time and under heavy fire. The manner in which my brigade came into line and fought was observed by you, and therefore I need not describe it. In this action the Seventy-second lost 1 sergeant and 1 private kille Page 268 268 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII and 5 privates wounded; the Forty-eighth had 6 privates killed, Col- onel Sullivan and a large number of privates wounded; the Seventieth, 2 privates killed and about 10 wounded. In this action we advanced our line upon the enemy a considerable distance, and my brigade kept up their fire until their ammunition was expended, when we fell back, replenished, and again advanced, but were not afterwards engaged, the enemy being in full retreat. We encamped on Monday night in the camp we left on Sunday morning. On Tuesday morning, the 8th instant, my brigade, with others, marched in pursuit of the enemy 011 the road to Corinth some miles, and when a portion of Hildebrands brigade engaged the enemy mine was ordered into line of battle, and came into line in gallant style, although the men were much fatigued by their labors and hardships during Sunday and Monday. The men were eager to engage the enemy again, but we were not called upon to do so. We returned to camp in the evening. Lists of the killed, wounded, and missing in the three regiments have been sent you. As to Colonels Sullivan and Cockerill, I need add nothing more. My report shows that they were always where duty called them, regard- less of danger. In the last action at MeClernands camp Colonel Sul- livan was wounded in the arm. As to the officers and men under their command, I refer to their respective reports. Lieut. Col. Herman Canfield was mortally wounded on Sunday morn- ing while bravely passing along the line encouraging and cheering the men. He was as brave as the bravest. Too much praise cannot be awarded to Lieut. E. A. iRawson, adjutant Seventy-second Regiment Ohio Volunteers. His horse was shot under him on Sunday morning, but he continued on foot, bravely performing his duty to the end of the battle. After the lieutenant-colonel was taken from the field IRawson was the only officer left to aid me in rallying and keeping the regiment together, and most nobly did he stand by me through all the vicissi- tudes of the battle. The following company officers were distinguished for bravery and good conduct throughout: Company A, First Lieut. Henry W. Gifford (severely wounded Sun- day morning), and Second Lieut. Spencer Russell; Company B, First Lieut. Henry W. Buckland; Company C, First Lieut. M. T. William- son; Company D, Capt. Andrew Nuhfer and First Lieut. M. A. Fowler; Company E, First Lieut. C. Dennis; Company F, Capt. Leroy Moore; Company G, Capt. James Fernald; Company H, Captain Wegsteiii (killed Sunday morning), and First Lieut. Anthony Young; Company I, Capt. Jacob Fickes. Captain Eaton, Company A, Captain Raymond, Company B, Captain Thompson, Company K, Lieutenant Biddle, Com- pany G, and Lieutenant Rice, Company F, were sick and unable to go into the action. I take the liberty to refer to the important services of Surg. J. B. Rice and the assistant surgeons of the Forty-eighth, Seventieth, and Seventy-second Regiments Ohio Volunteers. They labored at the land- ing among the wounded almost incessantly night and day, taking no sleep for two days and nights. Also the chaplaiu of the Seventy-second, the Rev. A. B. Poe, who labored with the surgeon during the same time, rendering very important services. I take pleasure in commending Lieut. ID. M. Harkness, quartermaster, for the energy and good conduct displayed by him in his department during the battle. So many non-commissioned officers and private Page 269 OaLi~. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 269 di8played great courage that I cannot undertake to select individuals as more distinguished than others. Officers and men lost nearly everything, except what they had on their persons when the fight commenced. They are destitute of over- coats, blankets, knapsacks, and haversacks; also dress-coats, they hav- ing on their blouses. Your obedient servant, B. P. BUCKLAND, Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade. General WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, Commanding Division. [Indor8ement] HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVISION, April 9, 1862. Respectfully forwarded, with list of killed, wounded, and missing. This brigade attracted my attention, and has received notice in my report. I feel assured the officers named by Colonel Buckland will receive their reward in season. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding Fifth Division. hEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVISION, April 10, 1862. Sut: I annex a list of the killed, wounded, and missing of this brigade, which stuns up as follows : Killed. wo~ded. Miesing. 0 Command. a a 0 S S S A ~ ~ ~. ~ -.5 ~ a o -- S .3 5 ~ e ~ o ~i 0 ~ ~ 48th Ohio 1 13 5 85 49 153 70thOhio 9 1 53 63 72d Ohio 2 13 3 70 45 133 Total 3 35 9 208...... 94 349 Many of the missing will doubtless be found alive and well. B. P. BUCKLAND, Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade. General WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, Commanding F{/th Division. * But see revised statement, p. 104 Page 270 ~7O KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL No. 73. Report of IReut. Gol. Job R. Parker, Forty-eighth Ohio Infantry. HDQRS. FORTY-EIGHI~H REGT. OHIO VOL. INFANTRY, Gamp, Shiloh, Tenn., April 9, 1862. On the morning of the 6th our regiment met the enemy about 200 yards in front of our color lines. They came upon us so suddenly that for a short time our men wavered, but soon rallied again, when we kept him back for two hours and until General Sherman ordered us to fall back to the Purdy road. With the exception of Sergeant Jones, our color-bearer, who shamefully deserted us iu five minutes after the action commenced, our men fought bravely, as a visits to the ground after the liattle indicated. Our regiment retreated and rallied several times through the day, and was in the last stand made by our forces late in the evening, when the enemy was forced to retire. We slept upon our arms that night. On the morning of the 7th we were called upon to support a battery upon our right wing. Here we remained until the opposing battery was silenced, when we were again brought into a hot action with rebel infantry, where our colonel was wounded in the right forearm, and Capt. W. L. Warner, of Company B, was instantly killed. During two days our officers and men, with the single exception above mentioned, fought bravely, and deserve much praise. Respectfully submitted. J. R. PARKER, LieuterLant- Colonel, Commanding. No. 74. Report of Col. Joseph R. Cockerill, Seventieth Ohio Infantry. CAMP, SHILoH, April 10, 1862. SIR: On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, an alarm was made in the front of this brigade, and I called my regiment from breakfast and formed it in line of battle on color line. I then heard heavy firing on the left and in front of our line, and advanced my regiment about 200 paces in the woods, and formed line of battle, in pursuance of your or- der. I ordered my regiment to open fire, with the left thrown back, and did great execution among the enemy, who retired into the hol- low. We remained in this position two hours. After this I fo~ind tJ~at the enemy was turning our left flank about one-half mile to the left of Shiloh Meeting-House, and was rapidly advancing at almost right angles with our line. Having received no order I retired to my color line, and while in this position the enemy from the hill in front opened upon us with shot and shell, and some few were killed and several wounded. We then retired to the rear of the camp, having no support., and seeing the enemy near by on the left flank, I formed my regiment in line of battle in the small ravine and at right angles with the camp, and remained in that position until ordered by Captain Hammond to retire to the Purdy road and form line of battle. I formed on the road, but so many retiring troops mingled With us we became much broken and separated. I retired about 400 yards by the right flank, and finding the rebels advancing almQst parallel wit Page 271 ChAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 271 us, we opened fire, which did good service. This was about 12 m. Soon after this Colonels McDowell, Hicks, and others formed their regiments and I fell in with them, and we advanced to the northeast across the open fields and into the fire then raging in McClernands camp, where I was ordered by Genexal Sherman to file to the left in line of battle; which maneuver I executed well under the circum- stances, the enemys fire being very heavy. All the troops were forced back to the end of the camp under this tremendous fire, and the loss on both sides must have been heavy. We were compelled to fall back, and I again formed line on the top of the next ridge, when you ar- rived with your regiment and we bivouacked for the night, being ex- posed most of the time to a severe rain-storm. Our pickets were placed in advance by your order, and all was reasonably quiet during the night. Early on the morning of the 7th a severe cannonade was opened by General Wallaces battery on our right, and we were ordered to ad- vance, which we did in good order, the Forty-eighth on the rig~lft, 5ev... entietli in the center, and seventy-second on the left. We, ufider your orders and that of General Sherman, after advancing about onehalf mile, were moved to the right and ascended a hill and passed by the flank under a severe lire, where we were ordered to halt and remained for about two hours, while the batteries on both sides were in full play. About 12 m. we were ordered to advance, and the Seventy-second, Forty-eighth, and Seventieth (in this order) advanced to the southeast about three-quarters of a mile into McClernands camp (precisely the position occupied by the Seventieth the day before), where we deployed into line under the immediate orders and presence of General Sherman (superintended by yourself), where we opened fire with good effect upon the enemy, one-half of the Seventieth Regiment firing to the right and the other to the left oblique. The enemy fell back under this fire, and we advanced to the edge of the woods at the head of the camp near a pond. Our ammunition at this point failed, and part of General McCooks division coming up opened upon the enemy in fine style. The whole brigade retired to receive a fresh supply of ammunition, which as soon as we received we again advanced over the same ground and towards our encampment; but the enemy was rapidly retiring, and we entered our original camp about 5 oclock p. m. Our camp had been torn down by the enemy, and we lay upon our arms during the night exposed to a severe rain-storm, the enemy having hastily retreated and with great loss. Our camp was plundered of nearly everythingofficers uniforms, camp equipments, blankets, knapsacks, haversacks, clothing, & c. Our men, when called out on Sunday morning, supposed it was only to support the pickets, who had been in constant alarm for the two preceding days, and we never made any provision whatever for any retreat. In this great battle for two consecutive days, from morning till night, under the most terrific fire of mndern times, I am happy to state that our loss is compartively small: Killed, 9; wounded, 57; missing, 36.* A large number of non-commissioned officers and privates behaved themselves under the most trying circumstances like old veterans. They deserve to be remembered for their good conduct. Many other brave men were broken and separated in the m4We, and found their way into But see revised statement, p. 104 Page 272 272 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXIL other regiments; some others were panic-stricken, and did not return until the battle was over. I believe the regiment will at any time prove itself effective, and trust its conduct in the battle will elicit your com- mendation. Lieutenant-Colonel London and Major McFarren gave me their aid and support and displayed great gallantry and good conduct. Each of these officers had their horses shot in the engagement. Captains Brown, Summers, and Wilson discharged their duties in every particular, and proved themselves to be brave, gallant, and effective officers, and stood with the regiment from first to last. Captain Kaylor became separated from the regiment during the 6th, and returned early on the morning of the 7th, and fought with us throughout the day. First Lieutenants Philips (adjutant of the regiment) and Campbell performed their duties in every respect as brave and gallant officers. Lieutenant Drennin became separated on Sunday about 2 p. in., returned to the regiment early on Monday, and performed his duty throughout the day. Second Lieutenants Spargeon, of B; Spurgeon, of E; Nelson, Cooper, Denham, Ellis, and Adams performed their duties to my entire satisfaction. Lieutenant Taylor was wounded early in the action and has since had his right arm amputated, being the only severely wounded officer in the regiment. In submitting this short report, made so soon after the action, I may have omitted some particulars of small moment, but it is in all respcts substantially correet. 11 will submit a more minute account at some future day, and speak more fully in reference to individual conduct, both as to men and officers. I desire to call your attention to the fact that, on the morning of the 8th instant, this regiment, under the orders of General Sherman, turned out about 500 men in line of battle, with nearly all its officers, and marched under your immediate direction about 5 miles towards Corinth after the retreating enemy, and returned about 10 p. in., after a heavy and fatiguing march. You were an eye-witness of the whole of this days proceedings, and can speak of the efficiency and good conduct of the entire regiment, both officers and men, throughout the entire day. Respectfully submitted. J. B. COCKERILL, Commanding Seventieth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Colonel BUCKIJAND, Comdg. Fourth Ohio Brig., Fifth Div., Army of the Tennessee. No. 75. Report of Maj. Ezra Taylor, Fir8t illinois Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery, Fifth Division. BATTALION HEADQUARTERS, Camp near Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. Sn~: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the forces under my command in the affair of the 6th and 7th instant: By instructions from the general commanding the division, the Mor- ton Battery, Captain Behr commanding, was placed on the Purdy road Page 273 CHAP. xxii] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 273 in rear of McDowells brigade; Taylors battery, Captain Barrett com- manding, to the right and in advance ot the chapel, on the road leading to Corinth; Capt. A. C. Waterhouses battery near the left of th~ (liViSiOufour guns on the right baiik of Owl Creek and two guns on the left bank of Owl Creek. The enemy appearing in large masses, and opening a battery to the front and right of the two guns, advanced across Owl Creek. I instructed Captain Waterhouse to retire the two guns to the position occupied by the rest of his battery, about which time the enemy appeared in large force in the open field directly in front of the position of this battery, bearing aloft, as I supposed, the American flag, and their men and officers wearing uniforms so similar to ours, that I hesi- tated to open fire on them until they passed into the woods and were followed by other troops who wore a uniform not to be mistaken. I afterward learned that the uniform jackets worn by these troops were black. As soon as I was certain as to the character of the troops I ordered the firing to commence, which was done, in fine style and with excellent precision. After instructing the battery to be cool and watch all the movements of the enemy, who was throwing large forces into the timber on the left of its position, I went to the l)osition occupied by Taylors battery and ordered Captain Barrett to open fire with shell, which was done promptly, causing the enemy to take shelter in the timber, under cover of which he advanced to within 150 yards of the guns, when they opened a tremendous fire of musketry, accompanied by terrific yells, showing their evident intent to intimidate our men; but the only effect it had on the men of this battery was to cause them promptly to move their guns by hand to the front and pouring into them a shower of canister, causing both the yelling and the firing of the enemy to cease for a time. In the meai time the enemy was pushing our force on the left of both of these batteriesWatprhouses and Taylors. Seeing Waterhouses battery limbering to the rear, and fearing the result of a too hasty retreat, 1 hastened to the position, and finding him retiring, I at once ordered him to unlimber and contest every foot of ground, while I sent a messenger to find another battery to come to their assistance. My order was promptly obeyed, and they were soon throwing canister among the enemy; but their bravery alone could not drive back the masses who were swarming around their left and pushing back the inThatry and opening a flank fire of musketry and a battery, which they had succeeded in planting in the timber in front, they were com- pelled to retire under a galling fire, leaving three guns and their entire camp and garrison equipage on the field. I take great pleasure in stating that the conduct of this battery was such as to entitle them to my entire approbation, and I consider too munch praise cannot be be- stowed upon them for their gallant conduct on their first battle-field. I respectfully refer you to the official report of Lieut. J. A. Fitch, commanding, Captain Waterhouse and Lieutenant Abbott both being severely woumided. Some tin~ie after this battery had retired the infantry support on the left of Taylors battery, Captain Barrett commanding, had fallen back, and the enemy had planted his flag on the ground occupied by Water- houses battery. 1 deemed it prudent to order Captain Barrett to lim- ber to the rear and retire in good order to a new position, which was accomplished without any confusion, but owing to a number of his 18 R RVOL Page 274 274 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXII. horses being shot he was compelled to leave two of his caissons on the field, one of which he has recovered. Instructing Captain Barrett to take up a new position on the left of the First Brigade, First Division (G-eueral McCleruands), and taking the responsibility of ordering two guns of Schwartzs battery to take position on their left (Major Schwartz having been wounded and left the field), I had not long to wait before I opened fire again, silencing a battery which the enemy had opened with terrific effect upon them. After five hours hard fighting in these two positions, having one man killed and several wounded, their ammunition became exhausted, and I instructed them to retire out of range and get a new supply, after which our section engaged the enemy for half an hour, driving him to the coriier of the timber. For casualties I refer you to the official report of Captain Barrett. In regard to the services done by this battery I can only state, from my personal observation on the ground in front of the positions occupied by them during the engagement, I am satisfied that the enemys inor- tality list has been mu~h increased by their being there. The bravery of both officers and men of this battery needs not my evidence at this time to establish. I can only say that I am satisfied with their con- duct, which in ust add new luster to their well-earned laurels. Their camp and garrison equipage was completely destroyed, the enemy probably experiencing great satisfaction in capturing anything belong- ing to Taylors battery. In regard to Captain Behr, Mortons Battery, I confess I am unable to give you any further information than that I sent a messenger to him in the morning to have his battery ready for~ action immediately; to xvhich he replied, All is ready. The next news from his battery was that it was in the hands of the enemy; a consummation which I must regret, and ~rnst that it may soon be re- captured. In the mean time I think he may be supplied with a battery from those captured from the enemy, there being seven guns at your disposal which have been taken from the enemy, together with fivG caissons and a good su~)ply of fixed ammunition. I regret that Captain Silfversparres battery of four 20-pounder Par- rott guns have not been able as yet to report with the battery to this field, owing to some deficiency in his horses and other equipage. I understand, however, that he (lid good service near the Landing on the evening of the 6th instant. I deem it my duty to make honorable mention of the services of Com- pany A, Chicago Light Artillery, un(Ier command of Lieut. P. P. Wood, on the 7th instant. The battery, not having been assigned to this divis- ion~ did ~ properly come under my jurisdiction, but by instructions received from General U. S. Grant an(t Colonel Webster, I was author- ized to take any battery or J)arts of batteries from the State ot Illinois and use them at any point of attack where I could put them to advami- tage. Consequently I brought them up, and turned over to the gen- eral commanding this (livision Licut. P. P. Wood. with four guns, bnt from some cause he had to send one gun to time rear. How well he served the other three guns I refrr you to the general himself, who assures me he never saw guns better served. I have also to mention Captain B~~tp~s battery of six guns (James rifled 6-pounders), which I found on Sunday, the 6th, anxious to distinguish themselves, and as good fortune would have it I got them a good position near Col- onel MeArthurs division, where they (lid most excellent service (lriv ing the enemy from a very commanding position, both officers and men be- having themselves like veterans, notwithstanding they only landed th Page 275 CHAP. XXII.1 PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 275 day previous and their horses had never heard a gun fired. Yet the battery stood its ground gallantly nuder the fire of the enemys bat- teries until they had expended their entire supply of ammunition. On Monday morning, after taking a new supply of ammunition, I brought them into action again on the hardest-contested portion of the field, near the forks of the road, near General McClernands headquar- ters, where the enemy opened a terrific fire from across Owl Creek, which made sad havoc among his horses, rendering them quite unman- ageable; yet by a few well-directed shots the enemys guns were silenced, and he was able to retire out of range and repair damages. and I am proud to predict that with proper time to drill their horses and men the battery will be second to none in the service. In order to do justice to all Al cannot close this report without men- tioning Dressers battery, commanded by Captain Timony, who were put in battery under my direction on Sunday, the 6th, under the most terrific fire, perhaps, that occurred at any point or at any time during the fight. This occurred at the same point on the field, iii front of General McClernands headquarters, where the enemy had a full sweep of the field in front with his batteries and a galling lire of musketry on our left. To say that they fought bravely till their horses were liter- ally piled up, creating a barrier to the retreat of their guns, is a simple statement of facts, and I doubt not the general commanding the First Division will give to them the credit due them. Such bravery cannot but obtain its reward. Trusting you will not consider this somewhat lengthy report more than is in justice due to those who have sought to do their best to inflict a just chastisement upon these rebellious subjects against the best gov- ernment under the sun, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, EZRA TAYLOR, Major, Commanding, and Chief of Artillery. J. H. HAMMOND, Assistant Adjutant-General Fifth Lkrision. [Indorsemeut.] Have examined Major Taylors report, and approve his recommen- dation that the Morton Battery be reconstructed out of captured guns. Also make special mention of Captain Barrett, Company B, First Illi- nois Artillery, and Lieut. P. P. Wood, Company A, Chicago Light Artillery; also of Capt. E. Bouton o tillery. , f Company I, First Illinois Ar- W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding Fifth Division. No. 76. Report of Capt. Samuel E. Barrett, Battery B, First Illinois Light Artil lery. HDQRS. COMPANY B, FIRST REGT. ILL. ART., Near Pittsburg Landing, April 10, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the battery under my command during the engagement at this place on the 6th and 7th instant Page 276 276 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. We were stationed near the outposts, and on the alarm being given, at about 7.30 oclock on Sunday morning, the battery was promptly got in readiness, and in ten minutes thereafter commenced firing on the right of the log church, some hundred yards in front of General Sher- mans headquarters, where the attack was made by the enemy in great force. The enemy once charged on the battery, but were repulsed with great loss. The enemy, however, succeeded in tnrning our left flank, and, finding the battery in a critical condition, I retired to the open field o2cupied by the First Brigade, First Division, and awaited orders, which were soon received, to go into battery on the upper end of the field. This movement was promptly executed, and we engaged for two hours a rebel battery (masked) in the camp of the Forty-fifth Regiment Illinois Infantry, suffering a loss of 1 man killed and 3 wounded. As the firing had been very rapid all the morning my supply of ammuni- tion became exhausted, a I retired to an open field some half mile in the rear, where, finding my baggage wagons, I refilled my caissons and gun-limbers. I remained on this field the most of the day and the day following until about 4 oclock p. in., when I was ordered to move for- ward and go into battery near the point we occupied when the attack was made on the preceding day, but finding the rebels in full retreat, and being out of the range of my guns, we were not brought into action.* My camp and garrison equipage was almost totally ruined, much of it being plundered and the remainder destroyed. I beg leave to call your attention to the annexed list of property destroyed and captured by the enemy while in my camp. Very respectfully, yours, SAML. B. BARRETT, Maj. EZRA TAYLOR, Captain, First Regiment Illin~ois Artillery. Gomdg. First Battalion, First ]iegt. illinois Artillery. No. 77. Report of Lieut. John A. Fitch, Battery B, First illinois Light Artillery. HEADQUARTERS WATERHOUSES BATTERY, April 9, 1862. SIR: I would respectfully submit the following report of the part taken by Company E, First Regiment Light Artillery illinois Volun- teers, in the action of Sunday, the 6th instant: The battery consisted of four 3k-inch and two 4k-inch James rifled cannon. We had received our horses ten days previous to the action and had been in camp one week, in which time we had opportunity for drill only three days. Under these disadvantages we went into action. By your order the battery took position at 7 a. in., two sections on a hill to the left and front of General Shermans headquarters, and one section across Owl Creek, about 150 yards to the front. The section in advance was compelled to retire, and took position to the left of the other sections. At this time the enemy had a strong force in the woods on the left, and another force, supported by a battery, on the right; a column also advanced across an open field in front. The battery held this position one hour and three-quarters, silencing the enemys bat- tery, when the infantry supporting us on the left gave way and exposed * List of casualties embodied in revised statement, p. 104 Page 277 CUAP. Xxii.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SIIILOH, TENN. 277 us to a severe flanking fire. At this time Captain Waterhouse was wounded and was obliged to leave the field, first giving the order to retire. The rear part of one caisson, having been caught among the trees by reason of the rawness of our horses, was necessarily left here. The battery was retiring slowly, nuder command of Lieut. A. li. Abbott, when you ordered it to open fire a secon(l time at a point about 100 yards in the rear of our first position. This position was held but a few minutes. The infantry on our left continued to retreat, and the enemy again outflanked us, this time advancing rapidly up the hill upon our lelt. Lieutenant Abbott, being now wounded, I gave the order to re- treat, which was effected nuder a close fire of musketry, when the en- emy had approached to about 50 yards from our position. Many of our men and horses had been wounded, and I was obliged to leave on the field two 4k-inch and one 34-inch guns. After retiring from action it was found upon examination that the remaining guns were disabled from faulty construction of the iron I)art of the axle-tree. By your order the battery retired to the river. One gun was so far disabled that it broke down and was left on the way to the river. That night, by your advice, I detailed one lieutenant and 24 men, with 3 horses, temporarily to assist Company B, Captain Barrett commanding. The camp and garrison equipage of the company was almost entirely destroyed.* The battery is at present unfit for service. Respectfully submitted. J. A. FITCH, First-Lieutenant, Commanding Company. Maj. EZRA TAYLOR, Chief of Artillery, Fifth Division, Army of the Tennessee. No. 78. Report of Brig. Gen. B. 9111. Prentiss, U. S. Army, commanding Sixth Division. QuINcY, ILL., November 17, 1862. COLONEL: Upon my return from captivity in the hands of the pub- lic enemy I have the honor to sul)mit my report of the part taken in the battle of the 6th of April last, near Pittsburg Landing, by the Sixth Division, Army of West Tennessee, the command of which had been assigned to me. I have the honor to transmit field return of the force which was subjected to my control, as it appeared upon the morning of the engagement, the same being marked A.t Saturday evening, pursuant to instructions received when I was assigned to duty with the Army of West Tennessee, the usual advance guard was posted, and in view of information received from the com- mandant thereof; I sent forward ftc companies of the Twenty-fifth Mis- souri and five companies of the Twenty-first Missouri Infantry, under command of Col. David Moore, Twenty-first Missouri. I also, after consultation with Col. David Stuart, commanding a brigade of General Shermans division, sent to the left one company of the Eighteeiith Wisconsin Infantry, under command of Captain Fisk. At about 7 Qclock the same evening Colonel Moore returned, report- * List of casualties embodied in revised statement, p. 104. I Embodied in revised statement, p. 112 Page 278 278 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [ChAP. XXII lug some activity in the frontan evident reconnaissance by cavalry. This information received, Iproceeded to strengthen the guard stationed on the Corinth road, extending the picket lines to the front a distance of a mile and a haI4 at the same time extending and doubling the lines of the grand guard. At 3 oclock on the morning of Sunday, April 6, Col. David Moore, Twenty-first Missouri, with five companies of his infantry regiment, pro- ceeded to the front, and at break of day the advance pickets were driven in, whereupon Colonel Moore l)ushed forward and engaged the enemys a(lvance, commanded by General ilardee. At this stage a messenger was sent to my headquarters, calling for the balance of the Twenty-first Missouri, which was promptly sent forward. This information received, I at once ordered the entire force into line, and the remaining regiments of the First Brigade, commanded by Col. Everett Peabody, consisting of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, Sixteenth Wisconsin, and Twelfth Mich- igan Infantry, were advanced well to the front. I forthwith at this junc- ture communicated the fact of the attack in force to Major-General Smith and Brig. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut. Shortly before 6 oclock, Col. David Moore having been severely wounded, his regiment commenced falling back, reaching our front line at about 6 oclock, ~the enemy being close upon his rear. Hereupon the entire force, excepting only the Sixteenth Iowa, which had been sent to the field the day l)revious without ammnoition, and the cavalry, which was held in readiness to the rear was advanced to the extreme front, and thrown out alternately to the right and left. Shortly after 6 oclock the entire line was under fire, receiving the assault made by the entire force of the enemy, advancing in three columns simultaneously upon our left, center, and right. This position was held until the enemy had passed our right flank, this movement being effected by reason of the falling back of some regiment to our right not belonging to the division. Perceiving the enemy was flanking me, I ordered the division to retire in line of battle to the color line of our encampment, at the same time communicating to Generals Smith and iluribut the fact of the falling back, and asking for re-enforcements. Being again assailed, in position described, by an~ overwhelming force, and not being able longer to hold the ground against the enemy, I ordered the division to fall back to the line occupied by General Hurl- but, and at 9.05 a. m. reformed to the right of General Hurlbut, and to the left of Brig. Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, who I found in command of the division assigned to Major-General Smith. At this point the Twenty- third Missouri Infantry, commanded by Colonel Tindall, which had just disembarked from a transport, and had been ordered to report to me as a part of the Sixth Division, joined me. This regiment I immediately assigned to position on the left. My battery (Fifth Ohio) was posted to right on the road. At about 10 oclock my line was again assailed, and finding my com- mand greatly reduced by reason of casualties and because of the falling back of many of the men to the river, they being panic-strickena ma- jority of them having now for the first time been exposed to fireI com- municated with General ~ II. L. Wallace, who sent to my assistance the Eighth Iowa Infantry, commanded by Col. J. L. Geddes. After having once driven the enemy back from this position M~j. Gen. U. S. Grant al)peared upon the field. I exhibited to huin the dis- position of my entire force, which disposition received his commenda- tion, and I received my final orders, which were to maintain that pos Page 279 Ciup. XX]I.J PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 279 tion at all hazards. This position I did maintain until 4 oclock p. in., when General iluribut, being overpowered, was forced to retire. I was then compelled to change front with the Twenty-third Missouri, Twenty- first Missouri, Eighteenth Wisconsin, Eighteenth Missouri, and part of the Twelfth Michigan, occupying a portion of the ground vacated by General iluribut. I was in constant communication with Generals Hurlbut and Wallace during the day, and both of them were aware of the importance of holding onr position until night. When the gallant llurlbut was forced to retire General Wallace and myself consulted, and agreed to hold our positions at all hazards, believing that we could thus save the army from destruction; we having beeii now informed for the first time that all others had fallen back to the vicinity of the river. A few minutes after General W. II. L. Wallace received the wound of which he shortly afterwards died. Upon the fall of General Wallace, his division, excepting the Eighth Iowa, Colonel Geddes, acting with me, and the Fourteenth Iowa, Colonel Shaw; Twelfth Iowa, Colonel Woods, and Fifty-eighth IPinois, Colonel Lynch~ retired from the field. Perceiving that I was about to be surrounded, and having dispatched my aide, Lieut. Edwin Moore, for re-enforcemeiits, I determined to assail the enemy, which had passed between inc and the river, charging upon him with my entire force. I found him advancing in mass, completely encircling my command, and nothing was left but to harass him and retard his progress so long as might be possible. This II did until 5.30 p. in., when, finding that further resistance must result in the slaughter of every man in the command, I had to yield the fight. The enemy succeeded in capturing myself and 2,200 rank and file, many of them being wounded. Col. Madison Miller, Eighteenth Missouri Infantry, was during the day in command of a brigade, and was among those taken prisoner. He acted during the day with distinguished courage, coolness, and ability. Upon Col. J. L. Geddes, Eighth Iowa, the same praise can be partly bestowed. He and his regiment stood unilinchingly up to the work the entire portion of the day during which he acted under my orders. Col. J. S. Alban aiid his lieutenant-colonel, Beall. of the Eighteenth Wisconsin, were, until they were wounded, to the front, encouraging their command. Col. Jacob Fry, of the Sixty-first Illinois, with an nudrilled regiment fresh in the service, kept his men well for- ward under every assault until the third line was formed, when he be- came detached, and fought under General iluribut. Colonel Shaw, of the Fourteenth Iowa, behaved with great coolness, disposed his men sharply at every command, and maintained his front unbroken through several fierce attacks. Colonel Tindall, Lieutenant-Colonel Morton, and Major McCullough, of the Twenty-third Missouri, are entitled to high meed of praise for gallant conduct. It is difficult to discriminate among so many gallant men as sur- rounded me when we were forced to yield to the overpowering strength of the enemy. Their bravery under the hottest fire is testified to by the devotion with which they stood forward against fearful odds to contend for the cause they were engaged in. To the officers and men who thus held to the last their undaunted front too much praise cannot be given. Captain MeMichaci, assistant adjutant-general, attached to the divis- ion commanded by General Wallace, joined me upon the field when his gallant leader tell. He is entitled to special mention for his con- duct while so serving. CoL David Moore is entitled to special mention Page 280 280 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. rOHAP. XVII. Capt. A. ilickenlooper, of the Fifth Ohio Battery, by his gallant con- duct, commended himself to general praise. My staff consisted of but three officers. Brigade Snrg. S. W. I~veret,t was killed early in the engagement, gallantly cheering the Eighteenth Missouri Regiment to the contest. Lieut. Edwin , aide-de-cainp, during the entire battle, was by my side, unless when detached upon the dangerous service of his office. Capt. Henry Biiimore, assistant adjutant-general, was with me, performing his duty to my great satis- faction, until, being exhausted, I compelled him to leave the field. I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. M. PRENTISS, Brigadier- General, U. AS. Volunteers. Col. J. C. KELTON, Asst. Adjt. Gen., U. AS. Army, Washington, D. 0. No. 79. Report of (Jol. Francis Quinn, Twelfth Michigan Infantrzj, command- Thy ASixth Dirision. HDQRS. SIXTH Divisiox, ARMY OF WEST TENNESSEE, April 9, 1862. Permit me to submit the following account of the part the Sixth Division of this command took in the battle of Pittsburg on Sunday last: At 3 oclock a. m. of that day several companies were ordered ont~ from the First Brigade of this division to watch, and endeavor, if p0551- ble, to capture, a force of the enemy who were prowling near our camp. Our brave boys marched out, and had not over 3 miles to go before they met the enemy, and immediately a sharp firing commenced, our little force giving ground. About daylight the dead and wounded began to be brought in. The firing grew closer and closer till it became manifest a heavy force of the enemy was upon us. The division was ordered into line of battle by General Preiitiss, and immediately advanced in line about one-quarter of a mile from the tents, where the enemy were met in short firing dis- tance. Volley after volley was given and returned and many fell on both sides but their numbers were too heavy for our forces, I could see to the right and left. They were visible in line, and every hill-top in the rear was covered with them. it was manifest they were a(lvanc- ing in not only one but several lines of battle. The whole division fell back to their tents and again rallied, and although no regular line was formed, yet from behind every tree a deadly fire was 1)oured out upon the enemy, which held them in check for about one-half hour, when, re-entorcements coming to their assistance, they advanced furiously upon our camp, aiid we were forced to again give way. At this time we lost four pieces of artillery. The division fell back about one-half mile, very much scattered and broken. Here we were posted, being drawn up in line behind a dense clump of bushes, when General Pren- tiss rode up and proposed heroically for us to fight our way back to our tents, but finally gave this up and formed the line for defense where it was Page 281 CHAP. XXII. I PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 281 Here occurred one of the noblest and most determined resistances ever ohered by an inferior number to an overwhelming foe. The rem- nant of the division was so posted as to command the road leading from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing, on which road were posted two pieces of artillery. Our men were ordered to lie down on the ground, which they did, nor did they have long to wait. On came the enemy, yelling and yelping, and for about ten minutes kept up a dreadful and inces- sant firing, with but little effect, for our umen were flat on the ground, and their balls went by mostly harmless. Not so with ours, for the groans and shrieks in the bushes told the destructiveness of our fire. Again they fell back and threw their forces more to our left, and then again came back to our point and repeated just what has been de- scribed. It was about 9 oclock in the morning when the first charge was made upon this part of our lines. About 2 oclock p. in., a move- ment being made to outflank us, the line on the left of our division fell back, forming a line at right angles with our division, which still stub- bornly held its place. Now a most determined rush was made on the Sixth Division to drive them from their place. Our men were killed at the guns; the horses were shot in the harness; but the rebels dared not venture over the bushes to take or spike the guns, for our boys were pouring into them a most destructive fire. The enemy again re- tired, and our boys brought the guns in by hand back of the line, and opened a way through the line of battle for them to play, which they did, addii~g speed to the retreating enemy. In a short time they rallied again, and made another dash at this point, but met with the same re- sult. Between 4 and 5 oclock in the afternoon, as near as I can judge, two regiments, it is said, surrendered on the immediate right of our division. General Prentiss ordered me to go an(l rally some of our menmeaning men of the Twelfth Michigan Infantry, of which regiment there were not over 40 or 50 on the g~ound, and very few officers. Our major had gone of his own request for this purpose early in the day, but had not returned. I immediately went, but found the fire worse iu going on our right and rear than in front. Fire was also being found on our left. At this time General Prentiss must have been taken prisoner. He was a brave man, and cheered his men to duty during the whole day. Where the fight was thickest and danger the greatest there was he found, and his presence gave renewed confidence. Moore, of General Prentiss staff, deserves especial mention. He not only bore orders, but in the most gallant manner assisted to see them executed. He did much to encourage the men, as did also Cap- tain Donnelly as long as he was on the ground. Capt. Robert Breth- schneider deserves great praise for his coolness and bravery on that bloody day. He added to the fame he had already acquired at the bat- tle of Bull Pun. Colonel Peabody, of the Twenty-fifth Missouri Itegi- ment, was killed in camp early in the day. He was a brave soldier and a good man. The great numbers of the dead in front of this one posi- tion caused remark and astonishment by all who beheld it the follow- ing day. This l)oint was held from 9 oclock a. m. till 4.30 p. in., ami(1 the most dreadhul carnage for a little space ever witnessed on any field of battle during this war. It is no more than just that favorable mention should be made of Colonel Moore, of the Twenty-first Missouri, who fell badly wounded while bravely leading his men on early in the day; and also Colonel Allen, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin, who also received a severe wound in his arm while gallantly conducting his men; and Major Pow Page 282 282 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. eli, of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, who received a mortal wound whilst doing everything an officer could do to rally and cheer the men to re- newed action; nor can I close without mentioning Lieutenants Van Riper, Flannigan, and Graham, of the Twelfth Michigan, who were taken prisoners at their posts like brave men, as they had proved them- selves dui-ing the whole action. Your obedient servant, F. QUINN, Colonel Twelfth Mich. Inft., Acting Consrnander Sixth Division. No. 80. .I?~port of Cot. David Moore, iwenty;first Missouri Infantry (of the First Brigade). IIDQRS. TWENTY-FIRST MISSOURI INFANTRY, SIXTH DIVISION, ARMY OF TENNESSEE, April 11, 1862. Sin: In pursuance of the order of Brig. Gen. B. M. Prentiss, coum- manding Sixth Division, Army of West Tennessee, I on Saturday pro- ceeded to a reconnaissance on the front of the line of General Prentiss division and on the front of General Shermans division. My corn - mand consisted of three companies from the Twenty-first Missouri iRegi- mentcompanies commanded by Captains Cox, ilarle, and Pearce. A thorongh reconnaissance over the extent of 3 miles failed to discover the enemy. Being unsuccessful, as stated, I returned to my encamp- ment about 7 oclock p.m. On Sunday morning, the 6th instant, at about 6 oclock, being noti- fied that the picket guard of the First Brigade, Sixth Division, had been attacked and driven in, by order of Col. Everett Peabody, com- manding the First Brigade, Sixth Division, I advanced with five com- panies of my command a short distance from the outer line of our en- campment. I met the retreating pickets of the First Brigade bringing in their wounded. Those who were able for duty I ordered~ and coin- pelled to return to their posts, and learning that the enemy was ad- vancing in force I sent for the remaimming five companies of my regiment, which companies having joined me, I ordered an advance and attacked the enemy, who was commanded by Brigadier-General Ruggles, of the rebel army. A terrific fire was opened upon us from the whole front of the four or five regiments forming the advance of the enemy, which my gallant soldiers withstood during thirty minutes, until I had corn- municated the intelligence of the movement against us to my command- ing general. About this time, being myself severely wounded (the bone of the leg below the knee being shattered), I was compelled to retire from the field, leaving Lieutenant-Colonel Woodyard in command. D. MOORE, Colonel Twenty-first Missouri Volunteers. Capt. HENRY BINMORE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Sixth Division, Army of West Tennessee Page 283 CHAP. XXIL] PITTSBURG LANDL{G, OR SHILOH, TENN. 283 Ko. 81. Report of Lieut Gol. Humphrey 111. Woodyard, Twenty-first Missouri Infantry. IIDQRS. TWENTY-FIRST Mo. JNFT., FIRST BRIGADE, SIXTH DIVISION, ARMY o~ WEST TENNESSEE Pittsburg, Tenn., April 12, 18~2. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the morning of the 6th of April, before sunrise, General Prentiss ordered Colonel Moore, with five companies of our regiment, to sustain the pickets of the Twelfth Michigan Infantry. The colonel had not proceeded more than half a mile when he met the pickets coming in, with many killed and wounded. Colonel Moore immediately dispatched Lieutenant Menn for the remain- ing five companies. General Prentiss, being in camp, ordered me to join Colonel Moore. We marched some 300 yards together, after I formed the junction, in a nearly westerly direction, by flank movement, four ranks, when the head of the column came to the northwest corner of a cotton field. We were here fired 111)011, and Colonel Moore received a severe wound in the right leg and Lieutenant Menn was wounded in the head. I then assumed command of the regiment, and formed a line of battle on the brow of a hill on the cotton field, facing nearly -. west. I held this position for some half or three-quarters of an hour and kept the enemy in check. He fell back and endeavored to out- flank me. Discovering this, I moved my line to the north of the field again. I was then joined by four companies of the Sixteenth Wiscon- sin Infantry. Having no field officers with them, I ordered them to a positioii east of the field, and as soon as this was done joined them with my command. This line of battle formed, facing sonth, behind a small incline, enabling my men to load and be out of range of the enemys fire. The position proved a strong one, and we managed to hold it for upwards of an hour. Finding they could not dislodge us, the enemy again tried to outflank us and (leal a cross-fire. I then fell back in good order, firing as we did so, to the next hill. Colonel Pea- body, comman(ling First Brigade, here came up with the Twenty-fifth Missouri Regiment. I requested him to bring his men up to the hill on our right, as it would afford protection to his men and be of assistance to my command. He did so, but the enemy coming by heavy main center and (leahing a cross-fire from our right and left, we could not maintain this position for over thirty minutes. We gradually began to fall back amid reached our tents, when tIme ranks got broken in passing through them. We endeavored to rally our men in the rear of the tents and formed as well as could be expected, but my men got much scattered, a great many falling into other regiments, under the imme- diate commamid of General Prentiss; others divided to other divisions, but continued to fight during the two days. Falling back to the second hill, Major King received a mortal wound, and died iii about thirty minutes. He ren(lered me great assistance in the action, cheering on and encouraging the men. His death is a heavy loss to us. He was ever active, energetic, and at his post of duty; vigilant in attending to the wants of the men. Adjt. C. C. Tobin, who is now missing, also proved himself very active on the field. His brave example in leading the men to fight had a good effect. He is supposed to be a prisoner, and taken at the same time with General Prentiss Page 284 284 KY., TENN, N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. YA. [CHAr. XXil. I cannot too highly praise the conduct of the officers and men of my command, and of the companies of the Sixteenth Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers, who acted in concert with me. Respectfully submitted. II. M. WOODYATID, Lieutenant- Colonel, Gomdg. Twenty-first Missouri Regiment. Capt. HENRY BINMORE, Asst. Adjt. (len., Sixth Division, Army of West Tennessee. No. 82. Report of Lieut. Cot. Robert I. Van Horn, Twenty-fifth Missouri In. fantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT Mo. VOLS, FIRST BRIG., SIXTH DIVISION, ARMY OF WEST TENNESSEE, Near Pittsburg Landing, April 9, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor herewith to submit a report of the part taken by the regiment nnder my command in the baffles of the 6th and 7th instant. The regiment occupied the right of the First Brigade, commanded by Colonel Peabody, acting brigadier-general, and had the honor of opening the fight on the 6th, the attack being made on its front at 3 oclock in the morning. By order of the acting brigadier- general three companiesCaptains Schmitz, Company B; Eveans, Com- pany E, and Dill, Company llnnder Major Powell, were dispatched to engage the enemys advance, which was successfully done until re- enforced by the Twenty-first Missouri, under Colonel Moore. The fighting now became general and heavy, and I was ordered to support with the whole regiment. The enemy had now reached within the distance of half a mile of the encampment, where they were checked and held until near 7 oclock, when our force fell back to the line of encampment, where another stand was made. The fighting was very severe until 8 oclock, when we were compelled to fall back still farther behind our encampments on the division, which had by this time formed in line of battle on an elevation in our rear. My regiment had by this time become badly cut up, but they rallied and took position on time right of the Twelfth Michigan, with the loss of several of my most valuable officers. The fighting now became most determined, and con- tinned with little intermission for three hours. The enemy, being thrice repulsed, finally moved to our left. It was in this part of the engagement that Maj. James E. Powell, a most valuable officer and brave soldier, fell mortally wounded, and Sergt. Matthew Euler, color-bearer, was killed. clinging to the staff until it had to be disengaged from his grasp by Sergeant Simmons, who took his l)lace. My command was after this detached to Colonel Hilde- brand, acting brigadier-general, where it remained, without taking any decisive part in the engagement for the remainder of the day. On time 7th 1 was l)Iaced w-ith the First Missouri Battery near the river, except one company, nnder Capt. William Millar who was at- taclle(l to the Seventh Iowa (Colonel Crocker), where, I am gratified to state, this brave officer ren(Iered efficient service. I beg particularly to mention Captains Wade, Millar, and Donnelly, and Lieutenammts Bradshaw, Newberry, John II. Millar, and Singleton, for bravery displayed in the most trying periods of the fight; but wher Page 285 ChAr. XXII.] PITTSBLTRG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 285 so many did well it is difficult to discriminate. I mention these as coming particularly under my own observation. I must also be per- mitted to bear testimony to the distinguished bravery of Maj. James E. Powell, who fell in the hottest of the battle, cheering on his men. He was an officer in the Regular Army. I have to report Surg. John T. Berghoff as missing, but whether a prisoner or not it is iml)ossible to say, as he has been in camp once since the battle. He was at the hospital in front on yesterday, but sup- posed to be cut off by rebel pickets. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. T. VAN HORN, Lieutenant- Golonel, Oomdg. Twenty-fifth Missouri Volunteers. Capt. HENRY BINMORE, A. A. G., Sixth Div ., Army of West Tenn. No. 83. Report of Gol. Benjamin Allen, Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry. SIR: Having heard various and conflicting reports in regard to the part taken in the ~ngagement of the 6th and 7th of April by the regi- ments comprising General Prentiss division, I deem it my duty to my- self and command to submit a statem& nt, which I should have done sooner but for the painfulness of a wound received on the battle-field. The regiment which I have the honor to command formed the left of Colonel Peabodys brigade, and was encamped on the south road leading from Pittsbnrg Landing to Corinth. On the evening of the 5th four companies of my regiment and two companies of the Twenty- first Missouri, under the command of George K. Donnelly, acting assist- ant adjutant-general, First Brigade, Sixth Division, was sent, by order of Colonel Peabody, on picket (luty. At about 5.30 a. m. on the 6th a part of this force discovered some of the enemys cavalry about 14 miles in front and to the right of our camp, and while advancing upon them came upon a large force of the enemy concealed behind a fence and were fired upon by them. This was the first fire of the enemy. Cap- tain Saxe and Sergeant Williams, of Company A, in my regiment, were killed, and Colonel Moore, who had just arrived with re-enforcements from the Twenty-first Missouri, was wounded. After firing they re- treated, followed by our men, but they were soon re-enforced, and our men fell back toward our camp. At about 6 oclock I was ordered by General Prentiss to form my regiment and advance on the enemy. This I did, taking my position in a thicket of small timber about 80 rods in front of my camp. After remaining in this position about thirty minutes, waiting the approach of the enemy, I was ordered by General Prentiss to change front to the right which I did, and in this position received the fire of the enemy, who appeared simultaneously on my front and left flank. We held this position, and delivered our fire with great effect, checking the advance of the enemy on our front, until we were ordered by General Prentiss to fall back, which I did, forini ng my second line about 40 rods in front of my camp. At this time the regiment on my right and left had fallen back, a~iid we were entirely unsupported by any force. We maintained this position against a greatly superior force of the enemy until again ordered to fall back. I made my next stand directly in front of our camp. While holding this position I was re-enforced by party of Company A, who were ou Page 286 KY., TEYN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXTh 286 oil lucket. A desperate conflict here ensued, in which Lieutenant- Colonel Fairchild was wounded in the thigh and carried from the field. I also had my horse shot under me, and my second horse was shot dead as I was about to remount. I was again ordered by General Prentiss to fall back take to the trees, and hold the enemy in check as much as possible until re-enforcements could arrive. My men immediately took to the trees and fell back slowly, firing npon the enemy, until the advance of General llurlbuts division made their appearance. I then fell back to the rear of his lines and formed my men, but finding them out of ammunition, I drew oft for a fresh supply. My men were nearly exhausted, having been engaged siuce 6 oclock without food or water, contesting the field inch by inch with a greatly superior force of the enemy. After receiving a fresh supply of ammunition, and while waiting orders from General Prentiss, 1 was requested by a field officer to take the place of an Indiana regiment he said were out Qf ammunition and were falling back. I immediately complied with his reqnest, and opene& fire on the enemy. This position we maintained until we were flanked by the enemy on our left and were compelled to fall back. In this en- gagement I received a wound, the ball passing through my left arm, a little below the elbow, and I was obliged to leave the field about 3p. m. Of my regiment there were 46 killed, 176 wounded, and 23 missing.* Of the wounded several have since died. I cannot speak in too high terms of commendation of the bravery and endurance of both officers arid men in my command, although never before in action. They with very few exceptions exhibited in an emni- nent degree the qualities of veteran soldiers, and in the last engagement 1 lost some of my brave and valuable men, among whom was Capt. 0. D.Pease, of Company I), who received a wound that caused his death. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, BENJ. ALLEN, Colonel Sixteenth Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers. Maj. Gen. U. S. GRANT. No. 84. Report of Gol. Alexander Chambers, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry (of the Sec ond Brmgade). IIDQRS. SIXTEENTH IowA VOLS., THIRD BRIGADE, SIXTH DIVISION, ARMY OF WEST TENNESSEE, Near Pittsburg Landing, April 24, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on Sunday morning, April 6, while my regimemit was preparing to join General Prentiss division, as was previously ordered, an aide of General Grant ordered my regimnent in line on the right of the Fifteenth Iowa Volunteers, to act as a re- serve and l)revent stragglers from reaching the river. The line had been formed but a short time when I was ordered to maich it, following the Fifteenth Iowa, to General McClernands division, whose right was giving way. At this time large numbers of men in squads were return- ing. Cavalry, infantry, and several batteries of artillery were met on the road without being disabled or having lost their horses or expended their ammunition. From 9.30 a. m. to 10.30 a. in., the time occupied But see revised statement, p. 104 Page 287 CHAP. XXII.I PITTSBLJRG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 287 in reaching the battle-field, we met more men returning, of all arms, ~Iian belonged to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Regiments, but I must say, for the credit of the State of Iowa, not one of her quota did I meet. On crossing an open field, beyond which was the position of the rebels, two of my command were wounded. My regiment was formed on the right of this field in rear of a fence. An aide ordered the regiment to be formed across this open field, which was raked by heavy fire of musketry and a part of a battery of artillery. I marched the men there and ordered them to lie down, when the greater part of the enemys fire passed harmlessly over us. I had, however, several wounded here. From this position the regiment was ordered forward to the edge of timber, within close range of the enemy, as many of my men were wounded at the same time by both ball and buck-shot. The right of the regiment was of very little service, as they were not in a position, from the lay of the ground, to fire with much effect; but the left of the regiment became hotly engaged with the enemy, and did great execution. For nearly or quite an hour the regiment held its ground against a much larger force of the enemy, supported by artillery, when they were compelled to give way to their destructive fire and advance or be cap- tured. Word came down the line that a retreat had been or(lered, but no such order came through me. At this our whole line gave way and became mixed up with other regiments. My regiment was rallied by Lient. Col. A. H. Sanders to the number of about 300 and was posted in rear of a battery during the remainder of that day and night, during which time those who had become mixed with other regiments returned and reformed with those under the lieutenant-colonel, I having been wounded and struck by a spent ball in the hip-joint, which was very painful, and rendered me quite lame. The next day the regiment held the same position in rear of this bat- tery during the fight. I am thus particular in giving an exact account ofthe part taken in Sundays and Mondays fight, as some correspond ents have been trying to throw the disgrace of their own regiments actions on a new regiment that had never gone through the motions of loading a gun even, but notwithstanding this behaved with, as much gallantry as any regiment on the field, as its list of killed and wounded will show, for the time they were engaged. With a few exceptions all the officers and men behaved with j~idg- ment and gallantry. The field officers were particularly cool under a destructive fire and rendered great assistance. The horses of all the field and staff officers were killed or wounded, evidently showing an intention on the part of the enemy to pick off~ the most prominent officers. Captains Ruehl and Zettler, both gallant men, were killed or mortally wounded, and First Lieut. F. N. Doyle, a brave and effi- cient officer, was also killed. The loss during Sundays fight was 2 officers and 16 non-commis- sioned officers and privates killed, and 9 officers and 94 non-commis- sioned officers and privates wounded, and 15 non-commissioned officers and privates missing.* I inclose a list of the killed, wounded, and missing, I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEX. CHAMBERS, Colonel Sixteenth Iowa Volunteers. The ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, General MeClerna~tds Division, Army of West Tennessee. But see revised statement, p. 104 Page 288 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAr. XXII. 288 No. 85. Report of (lot. Hugh T. Reid, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry. 1 have the honor to report that the Fifteenth Regiment of Iowa Vol. unteer Infantry from Benton Barracks arrived at Pittsburg on Sunday morning, with orders from General Grants headquarters to report to General Prentiss. Finding that his headquarters were some 4 miles from the Landing, I proceeded at once to report to him in person, and found a heavy fire of artillery and musketry already commenced along his lines. Orders were received from his aide to bring up my command as soon as possible, and I returned to the river for that purpose. The was rapidly disembarked ~immnunition distributed, and the regiment men for the first time loaded their guns. We then marched to the heights in rear of the Landing, and formed in line of battle preparatory to an advance, our right resting on the road leading from the Landing to the field. At this time an order was received from a member of General Grants staff directing me to hold the position upon which we had formed, and to post such other troops as could be found about the Landing on the right of the road, extending to the bluff of the creek, emptying into the river below the Landing, in order to prevent the enemy from flanking it through the valley of this creek, and also to l)revent all stragglers from returning from the battle-field to the Land- ing, and to hold ourselves as a reserve. The regiment was then advanced across the road to the right, so as to stop the progress of the multitudes returning from the battle-field, which could only be done by threatening to shoot them down. Some of them were induced by threats and persuasions to fall into line, but most of them had the Bull Run story, that their regiments were all cut to pieces, and that they were the only survivors, and nothing could be done with them but to stop their progress. Captain Benton [Bonton] placed his battery on our right, commanding the road leading from the battle-field to the river, and also commanding the ravines to our right and left. Colonel Chambers, of the Sixteenth Iowa, formed his regiment on the right of Bentons [Boutons] battery, resting the right of his regiment on the bluff of the creek above mentioned. In this position we remained for abom~t an hour, wheii an order was received from the engineer of Gen- eral McClernands staff, by order, as he said, of General Grant, for the Fifteenth and Sixteenth iowa to advance some 2 miles to the support of General McClernands division, on the extreme right of our lines. The advance was made, the Fifteenth leading, supported by the Six- teenth. We were led by the staff officer of General McClernand first to the right, across a deep ravine and through thick underbrush, in a direction directly from the firing; then one of General Grants staff came up and said a wrong order must have been given us, in which opiuion the undersigned fully concurred, and after consultation of the two staff officers the head of our column was turned to the left, and we marched in search of General MeClernands division, his staff officer showing us the way. The road as we marched was filled with retreat- ing artillery, flying cavalry, straggling infantry, and the wounded re- turning from the field. We reached an open field in front of the ene- my, who were concealed in a dense wood and among tents, fromn which other regiments had been driven earlier in the day. Through this field the two regiments marched under a heavy fire from the enemys artillery, and took position, by direction of General McCleruand, near the tents. A regiment, said to be from Ohio, was on the field when we arrived Page 289 OBAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 289 or came on soon after, and took position on the extreme right of the Sixteenth. The Fifteenth, which occupied the left, advanced upon the enemy and drove a part of them from their concealments among the tents and planted our colors in their midst, while the whole left wing of the regiment advanced under a murderous fire of shot and shell from the enemys artillery an(l an incessant fire from the musketry. Our flag-staff was shot through and our colors riddled with bullets. For two hours, from 10 to 12 oclock, we maintained our position, onr men fighting like veterans. The undersigned was severely wounded by a musket-ball through the neck, which knocked him from his horse, paralyzed for the time, but, recovering in a short time, remounted and continued in command throughout the fight. Fifteen of the 32 com- missioned officers who went on the field had been killed, wounded, or taken prisoners; 22 officers and men had been killed, and 150 wounded. The Ohio regiment had left the field. The enemy were attempting to outflank us on the right and left. We were unsupported by artillery or any other regiment except the gallaimt Sixteenth, which had also suffered severely. It became necessary for the two regiments to retreat or run the risk of being captured, and by order of General MeClernand the retreat was made. Portions of the regiments rallied, and fought with other divisions later in the day and on Monday. Where nearly all fought with bravery it might seem invidious to particularize, but I hope to do no one injustice by specially pointing out those whose personal valor during the action came under my notice. Lieutenant-Colonel Dewey had his horse shot under him. Major Bel- knap was always in the right place at the right time, directing and encouraging officers and mcii as coolly as a veteran. He was wounded but not disabled and had his horse shot under him, but remained on the field performing his duty on foot. Adjutant Pomutz distinguished himself during the action for his coolness and courage. He, too, was wounded. Captains Kittle, of Company A; Smith, of Company B; Seevers, of Company C; Madison, of ~Company D; Hutchcrart, of Coin- puny B; Cunningham, of Company G; Day, of Company I; iledrick, of Company K, who was captured in a charge upon the enemy, all dis- tinguished themselves for their gallantry and courage in leading for- ward and encouraging their men. Captain Blackmar, of Company F, was wounded in the action and disabled. First Lieutenant Goode, of same company, also wounded. Captain Clark, of Company H, was not in the engagement, having been left sick in the hospital at Saint Louis. Captains Hutchcraft and Day were both severely wounded. Second Lieutenant Penniman, of Company A, and Hamilton, of Company I, were killed whilst bravely performing their duty. First Lieutenant King and Second Lieutenant Danielson, of Company H, were both severely wounded while acting well their part, thus leaving the com- pany without a commissioned officer. First Lieutenants Studer, of Company B; Porter, of Company D; Craig, of Company B; Hanks, of Company G; J. Monroe Reid, of Company I, who, though wounded himself, continued in command of the company after the captain was disabled and the second lieutenant killed, and Bidredge, of Company K, all deserve special praise for the manner in which they conducted themselves on the field. Second Lieutenants Lanstrum, of Company B; Brown, of Company B; Second Lieutenant Herbert, of Company C, and Sergeant-Major Brown, who was severely wounded, conducted them- selves well on the field. The non-commissioned officers generally were at their posts and performed their duty. The color-sergeant, Kewtou 19 R RVOL Page 290 290 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL J. Rogers, who fought in the First Iowa at Springfield, gallantly bore our standard forward and planted it among the enemy, where it was bravely maintained and defended by portions of Company C, Company E, Company I, and Company K. It must be remembered that this regiment had just received its arms, and that the men had never had an opportunity of learning the use of them until they came ou the battle-field; that they had just landed and were attached to no brigade, and fought the enemy without the support of artillery in a position from which more experienced troops had been compelled to retire. The enemy, too, against whom we fought, the Twenty-second Tennessee and two Louisiana regiments, are understood to be among their best troops. We have no means of learning the loss of the enemy in this engage- ment except from what they told some of our wounded men who were taken prisoners by them and left behind the next dayrwhen the enemy made their final retreat, but from this source we learned that they had 40 men killed in the immediate vicinity of our colors and a large num- ber wounded. While we mourn our comrades in arms the gallant dead whose lives were sacrificed on the altar of their country, we are solaced with the belief that a grateful people will in after times pay a proper tribute to their memory. To Quartermaster iligley great credit is due for the masterly manner in which he performed the arduous duties of his office on the field and elsewhere during the fight, and after it was over in providing for the comforts of the wounded and protecting the property of the regiment. To our surgeon, Dr. Davis, we are under great obligations for his energy and skill in the performance of the numerous operations rendered neces- sary. Assistant Surgeon Gibbon also performed valuable service in the midst of great danger on the battle-field in attending the wounded there and havii~ig them carried to our temporary hospital on board of the steamer Minnehaha. The chaplain, the Rev. W. W. Estabrook, too, for the time laid aside his sacred office and resumed the use of the surgeons scalpel with great success, and the wounded of numerous regiments besides our own shared in the skill of our medical staff. Attached hereto will be found a list of the killed, wounded, and miss- ing, making a total loss of 186.* H. T. REID, Colonel, Commanding Fifteenth Iowa. ASST. ADJT. GEN. FIRST DIV., ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, Commanded by General MoClernand. No. 86. Report of Lient. Cot. Quin Morton, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry. LEXINGTON, Mo., December 1, 1862. GOVERNOR: I deem it my duty to make a report of the action of the Twenty-third Regiment Missouri Volunteers at Pittsburg Landing April 6: At 7 a. in., by order of Col. J. T. Tindall, I marched the regiment * See revised statement, p. 105 Page 291 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 291 in the direction of General Prentiss camp. After marching about 2 miles an officer of General Prentiss staff ordered us to halt and pre- pare for action, which was promptly done. As soon as the regiment was placed in position the enemy opened lire on us from a battery at about 400 yar(15 distance, which continue(l without intermission for two hours. We were then ordered to change our positiou and to en- gage a large force of the enemy who were pressing upon the center, which was done. After a severe engagement at the distance of 25 or 30 yards we drove the enemy back, not, however, without serious loss. We held the position assigned us until 4 p. in., fighting almost with- out intermission, at which time we were ordered to change our front to i~eet the enemy, who had outflanked us. Here we fought until 5 oclock, driving the enemy back, although they charged us frequently during the time. Again we were compelled to change our position, and soon after this change we were surrounded and fired upon from front and rear by two batteries and infantry. Here there was a most terrible shower of shot and shdl. We repulsed the enemy in our rear and determined to try and reach the main body of the army, which had fallen back to the river, and in the effort to lead our now broken forces back the gallant and much-lamented Colonel Tindall fell, shot through the body, after having done his duty most nobly darimig the day. After retiring about 200 yards we were met by a large force of the enemy and compelled to surrender at about 6 p. in., after ten hours almost incessant fighting. Officers and men behaved nobly. I feel it my duty to mention the gallant conduct of Maj. John McCullough, who displayed great cool- ness and bravery throughout the day. Captains Dunlap, Robinson, and Brown, Adjutant Martin, and Lieu- tenants Munn and Simms were wounded; 30 privates were killed, about 170 wounded, and 375 were taken prisoners.* This report would have been made earlier, but being a prisoner until very recently, I have not been in a situation to make it. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, QUIN MORTON, Lieutenant- Colonel Twenty-third Regiment Mo. Vols. His Excellency H. R. GAMBLE, Governor of Missouri. No. 87. Report of Maj. Gen. Don Garlos Buell, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Ohio, with congratulatory orders. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE OHIO, Field of Shiloh, April 15, 1862. SIR: The rear division of the army under my command, which had been delayed a considerable time in rebuilding the Duck River Bridge, left Columbia on the 3d instant. I left the evening of that day, and arrived at Savannah on the evening of the 5th. GeneraL Nelson, with his division, which formed the advance, arrived the same day. The other divisions marched with intervals of about 6 miles. * Nominal list of casualties shows 27 officers and 463 men killed wounded, and missing. See also revised statement, p. 105 Page 292 292 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAr. XXIL On the morning of the 6th the firing of cannon and musketry was heard in the direction of this place. Apprehending that a serious en~ gagement had commenced, 1 went to General Grants headquarters to get information as to the best means of reaching the battle-field with the division that had arrived. At the same time orders were dis- patched to the divisions in rear to leave their trains and push forward by forced marches. I learned that General Grant had just started, leaving orders for General Nelson to march to the river opposite Pitts- burg Landing to be ferried across. On examination of the road up the river I discovered it to be iml)racticable for artillery, and General Nel- son was directed to leave his to be carried forward by steamers. The impression existed at Savannah that the firing was only an affair of outposts, the same thing having occurred for the two or three pre- vious days; but as it continued I determined to go at once to the scene of action, and accordingly started with my chief of staff Colonel Fry, on a steamer, which I had ordered to get under steam. As we pro- ceeded up the river groups of soldiers were seen upon the west bank, and it soon became evident that they were stragglers from the army that was engaged. The groups increased in size and frequency, until, as we approached the Landing, they amounted to whole companies, and almosL regiments, and at the Landing the banks swarmed with a con- fused mass of men of various regiments. The number could not have been less than 4,000 or 5,000, and later in the day it became much greater. Finding General Grant atthe Landing I requested him to send steamers to Savannah to bAng up General Crittendens division, which had ar- rived during the morning, and then went ashore with him. The throng of disorganized and demoralized troops increased con- tinually by fresh fugitives from the battle, which steadily grew nearer the Landing, and with these were mingled great numbers of teams, all striving to get as near as possible to the river. With few exceptions all efforts to form the troops and move them forward to the fight utterly failed. In the mean time the enemy had made such progress against our troops that his artillery and musketry began to play into the vital spot of the position, and some persons were killed on the bank at the very Landing. General Nelson arrived with Colonel Ammens brigade at this opportune moment. It was immediately posted to meet the attack at that point, and, with a battery of artillery which happened to be on the ground and was brought into action, opened fire on the enemy and repulsed him. The action of the gunboats also contributed very much to that result. The attack at that point was not renewed, night having come on, and the firing ceased on both sides. In the mean time the remainder of General Nelsons division crossed, and General Crittendens arrived from Savannah by steamers. After examining the ground as well as was possible at night in front of the line on which General Grants troops had formed and as far to the right a~i General Shermans division, I directed Nelsons and Crittendens divis- ions to form in front of that line, and move forward as soon as it was light in the morning. During the night and early the following morn- ing Captain Bartletts Ohio battery, Captain Mendenhalls regular battery, and Captain Terrills regular battery, Fifth Artillery, arrived. General McCook arrived at Savannah during the night of the 6th, and reached the field of battle early in the morning of the 7th. 1 knew that the other divisions could not arrive in time for the action that day Page 293 CHAP. XXII.I P1TTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 293 The patch of country on which the battles of the 6th and 7th were fought is called Shiloli, from the little church of that name which 8tands near the center of it. It consists of an undulating table-land, elevated some 80 or 100 feet above the river bottom. Along the Ten- nessee River to the east it breaks into abrnpt ravines, and towards the south, along Lick Creek, which empties into the Tennessee River some 3 miles above Pittsburg Landing, rises into a range of hills of some height, whose slopes are gradual towards the battle-field and somewhat abrupt towards Lick Creek. Owl Creek, rising quite near the source of Lick Creek, flows to the northeast around the battle-field into Snake Creek, which empties into the Tennessee River 4 miles below Lick Creek. The drainage is mainly from the Lick Creek Ridge and the table-land into Owl Creek. Coming from Corinth, the principal road crosses Lick Creek at two points some 12 miles from its mouth, and separates into three or four principal branches, which enter the table-land from the south at a dis- tance of about a mile apart. Generally the face of the country is covered with woods, through which troops can pass without great diffi- culty, though occasionally the undergrowth is dense. Small farms or cultivated fields of from 20 to 80 acres occur now and then, but as a gen- eral thing the country is in forest. My entire ignorance of the various roads and of the character of the country at the time rendered it im- possible to anticipate the probable dispositions of the enemy, and the woods were always sufficient to screen his preparatory movements from observation. Soon after 5 oclock on the morning of the 7th General Nelsons and General Crittendens divisions, the only ones yet arrived on the ground, moved promptly forward to meet the enemy. Nelsons division, march- ing in line of battle, soon came upon his pickets, drove them in, and at about 6 oclock received the fire of his artillery. The division was here halted and Mendenhalls battery brought into action to reply, while Crittendens division was being put into position on the right of Nelsons. Bartletts battery was posted in the center of Crittendens division in a commanding position, opposite which the enemy was dis- covered to be formed in force. By this time McCooks division arrived on the ground, and was immediately formed on the right of Crittendens. Skirmishers were thrown to the front and a strong body of them to guard our left flank, which, though somewhat protected by rough ground, it was supposed the enemy might attempt to turn, and, in fact, did, but was handsomely repulsed, with great loss. Each brigade furnished its own reserve, and in addition Boyles brigade, from Crittendens division, though it formed at first in the line, was kept somewhat back when the line advanced, to be used as occasion might require. I found on the ground parts of about two regimentsperhaps 1,000 men and subsequently a similar fragment caine up of General Grants force. The first I directed to act with General MeCooks attack and the second was similarly employed on the left. I saw other straggling troops of General Grants torce immediately on General McCooks right, and some firing had already commenced there. I have no direct knowledge of the disposition of the remainder of General Grants forces nor is it my province to speak of them. Those that came under my direction in the way I have stated rendered willing and efficient service during the day. The force under my command occupied a line of about 1~ miles. In front of Nelsons division was an open field, partially screened toward his right by a skirt of woods, wlmi~h extended beyond the enemys line, with a thick undergrowth in front of the left brigade of Crittenden Page 294 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ICHAP. XXIL 294 division; theA an open field in front of Crittendens right and Mc~ Cooks left, and in front of MeCooks right woods again, with a dense undergrowth. The ground, nearly level in front of Nelson, formed a hol- low in front of Crittenden, and fell into a small creek or ravine, which empties into Owl Creek, in front of McCook. What I afterward learned was the Hambnrg road (which crosses Lick Creek a mile from its mouth) passed 1)erl)elldidularly through the line of battle near Nelsons left. On a line slightly oblique to ours, and beyond the open fields, the enemy was formed, with a battery in front of Nelsons left, a battery commanding the woo(ls in front of Critten. dens left and fiankiwr the fields in front of Nelson, a battery command- ing the same woods and the field in front of Crittendens right and McCooks left, and a battery in front of McCooks right. A short dis. tance in rear of the enemys left, on high, opemi ground, were the en- campments of MeClernands and Shermans divisions, which the enemy held. While my troops were getting into position on the right the artillery fire was kept np between Mendenhalls battery amid the enemys second battery with some effect. Bartletts battery was hardly in position before the enemys third battery opened fire on that part of the line, and when, very soon after our line advanced, with strong bodies of skirmishers in front, the action became general and continued with severity during the greater part of the day and until the enemy was driven from the field. The obhiquity of our line, the left being thrown forward, brought Nelsons division first into action, and it became very hotly engaged at an early hour. A charge of the Nineteenth Brigade from Nelsons right, led by its commander, Colonel ilazen, reached the enemys second battery, but the brigade sustained a heavy loss fromn the fire of the enemys batteries, and was unable to maintain its advantage against the heavy infantry force that came forward to oppose it. The enemy recovered the battery and followed up his momentary advantage by throwing a heavy force of infantry into the woods in front of Critten- dens left. The left brigade (Col. W. S. Smith.) of that division advanced into the woods, repulsed the enemy, and took several prisoners. In the mean timne Captain Terrills battery, Fifth Artillery, which had just landea, reached the field, and was ordered into action near the left, with Nelsons division, which was very heavily pressed by the greater numbers of the enemy. It belonged, properly, to McCooks division. It took position near the Hamburg road, iii the open ground in front of the enemys right, and at once began to act with decided effect upon the tide of battle in that qnarter. The enemys right battery was silenced. Ammens brigade, which was on the left, advanced in good order upon the enemys right, but was checked for some time by his endeavor to turn our left flank and by his strong counter-attack in front. Captain Terrill, who in the mean time had taken an advanced position, was compelled to retire, leaving one caisson, in which every horse was killed or disabled. It was very soon recovered. Having been re-enforced by a regiment from General Boyles brigade, Nelsons division again moved forward and forced the enemy to abandon entirely his position. This success flanked the enemys position at his second and third batteries, from which he was soon driven, with the loss of several pieces of artillery, by the concentrated fire of Terrills and Men- denhalls batteries and an attack from Crittendens division in front. The enemy made a second stand somne 800 yards in rear of this position and opened fire with his artillery. Mendenhalls battery was throw Page 295 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 295 forward, silenced the battery, and it was captured by General Critten- dens division, the enemy retreating from it. In the mean time the division of General McCook on the right, which became engaged somewhat later in the morning than the divisions on the left, had made steady progress until it drove the enemys left from the hotly-contested field. The action was commenced in this division by General Rousseaus brigade, which drove the enemy in front of it from his first position and captured a battery. The line of attack of this division caused a considerable widening of the space between it and Crittendens right. It was also outflanked on its right by the line of the enemy, who made repeated strong attacks on its flanks, but was always gallantly repulsed. The enemy made his last decided stand in front of this division in the woods beyond Shermans camp. Two brigades of General Woods division arrived just at the close of the battle, but only one of them (Colonel Wagners) in time to partici- pate actively in the pursuit, which it continued for about a mile and until halted by my order. Its skirmishers became engaged for a few minutes with skirmishers (cavalry and infantry) of the enemys rear guar(l, which made a momentary stand. It was also fired upon by the enemys artillery on its right flank, but without effect. It was well- conducted by its commander, and showed great steadiness. The pursuit was continued no farther that day. I was without cav- alry, and the different corps had become a good deal scattered in a pursuit over a country which screened the movements of the enemy, and the roads of which I knew practically nothing. In the beginning of the pursuit, thinking it probable the enemy had retired partly by the Hamburg road, I had ordered Nelsons division to follow as far as Lick Creek, on that road, from which, I afterwards learned, the direct Corinth road was separated by a difficult ravine which empties into Lick Creek. I therefore occupied myself with ex- amining the ground and getting the different divisions into position, which was not effected until some time after dark. The following morning, in pursuance of the directions of General Grant, General Wood was sent forward with two of his brigades and a battery of artillery to discover the position of the enemy, and press him if he should be found in retreat. General Sherman, with about the same force from General Grants army, was on the same service, and had a spirited skirmish with the enemys cavalry, driving it back. The main force was found to have retreated beyond Lick Creek, and our troops returned at night. The loss of the forces under my command is 263 killed, 1,816 wounded, 88 missing; total, 2 ,167.* The trophies are twenty pieces of artillery, a greater number of caissons, and a considerable number of small-arms. Many of the cannon were recaptured from the loss of the previous day. Several stand of colors were also recaptured. There were no idlers in the battle of the 7th. Every portion of the army did its work. The batteries of Captains Terrill and Mendenhall were s~)lendidly handled and served; that of Captain Bartlett was 8erved with great spirit and gallantry, though with less decisive re- 8Ult5. I specially commend to the favor of the Government, for their dis- tinguished gallantry and good conduct Brig. Gen. A. McD. McCook, commanding Second Division; Brig. Gen. William Nelson, command- ing Fourth Division; Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden, commanding But see revised statement, p. 108 Page 296 296 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CaAI~. XXII. Fifth Division; Brig. Gen. Lovell II. Rousseau, commanding Fourth Brigade; Brig. Gen. J. T. Boyle, commanding Eleventh Brigade; Col. J. Ammen, Twenty-fourth Ohio, commanding Tenth Brigade; Col. W. S. Smith, Thirteenth Ohio, commanding Fourteenth Brigade; Col. E. N. Kirk, Thirty-fourth Illinois~ commanding Fifth Brigade; Col. W. H. Gibson, Forty-ninth Ohio, temporarily commanding Sixth Brigade; Capt. W. iR. Terrill, Fifth Artillery; Capt. John Mendenhall, Fourth Artillery; Capt. Joseph Bartlett, Ohio Volunteer Battery. For the many other officers who won honorable distinction I refer to the re- ports of the division, brigade, and regimental commanders, transmitted herewith, as also for more detailed information of the services of the different corps. I join cordially in the commondations bestowed by those officers on those under their comm and. The gallantry of many of them came under my personal observation. The members of my staff; Col. James B. Fry, chief of staff; Capt. J. M. Wright, assistant adjutant-general; Licut. C. L. Fitzhugh, Fourth Artillery, aide-dc-camp; Lient. A. F. Rockwell, New York Chasseurs, aide-de-camp; Lient. T. J. Bush, Twenty-fourth Kentucky, aide-de- camp; Capt. J. II. Gilman, Nineteenth Infantry, inspector of artillery; Capt. E. Gay, Sixteenth infantry, inspector of cavalry; Capt. II. C. Bankhead, Fifth Infantry, inspector of infantry, and Capt. Nathaniel Michler, Topographical Engineers, were distinguished for gallant bear- ing throughout the battle, an(l rendered valuable service. The gallant deportment of my orderlies, Privates A. J. Williamson, Fourth Cavalry, and N. M. Smith, J. R. Hewitt, J. A. Stevenson, and V. B. ilummel of the Anderson Troop, also deserves to l)e mentioned. I am particulaiy indebted to Colonel Fry, chief of staff; for valuable assistance in the battle, as well as for the ability and industry with which he has at all times performed the important duties of his position. Surgeon Murray, medical director, always assiduous in the discharge of his duties, was actively engaged on the field in taking the lest care of the wounded the circumstances admitted of. Capt. A. C. Gillem, assistant quarter- master, is entitled to great credit for his energy and industry in pro- viding transportation for the troops from Savannah. Lieut. Col. James Oakes, Fourth Cavalry, inspector of cavalry, and Capt. C. C. Gilbert~ First Infantry, acting inspector-general; who have rendered zealous and valuable service in their positions, were detained at Savannah, and unable to be present in the action. The troops which did not arrive in time for the battle, General Thomas and part of General Woods divisions (a portion of the latter, as I have previously stated, took part in the pursuit, amid the remainder arrived in the evening), are entitled to the highest praise for the untir- ing energy with which they pressed forward imight and day to share the dangers of their comrades. One of those divisions (General Thomas) had already under his command made its name honorable by one of the most memorable victories of the warMill Springson which the tide of success seemed to turn steadily in favor of the Union. Very respectfully, your obediemit servant, D. C. BUELL, Major-General, Commanding. Capt. N. II. MCLEAN, Assistant Adjutant- General, Department of the Mississippi Page 297 Ow. XXII.J PITTSBU.RG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 297 Killed. Wounded. Missing. 0 S ~ 0 5 0 5 s~ .~ ~. 0 0 ~ 0 ~ o ~i 0 ~r1 0 ~ Second 6 87 33 771 9 906 Fourth 6 84 33 558 58 739 Fifth 9 71 21 396 . -. - -. 21 518 4 4 tTotal 21242~ 87 3,729 88 2,167 * But see revised statement. pp. 105.108. GENERAL ORDERS, IIEADQLTARTERS AnMY OF THE OHIo, No. 6. Field of Shilok, Jienn., April 8, 1862. The general congratulates the army under his command on the im- perishable honor which they won yesterday on the battle-field of Shiloli, near Pittsburg Landing. The alacrity and zeal with which they pressed forward by forced marches to the succor of their com~rades of a sister army imperiled by the attack of an overwhelming force; the gallantry with which they assaulted the enemy, and the persevering courage with which they maintained an incessant conflict against superior num- bers from 6 oclock in the morning until evening, when the enemy was driven from the field, are incidents which point to a great service nobly performed. The general reminds his troops again that such results are not at- tained by individual prowess alone; that subordination and careful training are essential to the efficiency of every army, and that the suc- cess which has given them a brilliant page in history is greatly due to the readiness with which they have seconded the labors of their divis- ion, brigade, and regimental commanders, who first disciplined them in camp and then led them judiciously and gallantly in battle. By command of Major-General Buell: JAMES B. FRY, Assistant Adjutaint-General, Chief of Staff. No. 88. Report of Surg. Robert Murray, U. S. Army, Medical Director, with return of casualties. MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, ARMY OF THE OHIO, Camp on Field of Shiloh, April 21, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of the medical department during and after the battle of the 6th and 7th instant: On the morning of the 6th I was at Savannah, and being ordered to remain at that place, I occupied myself in procuring all the hospital oecommodation possible in that small village and in directing the prep Page 298 298 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. aration of bunks and other conveniences for wounded. In the after- noon the wounded were brought down in large numbers, and 1 then superintended their removal to hospitals, and did all in my power to provide for their comfort. On Sunday evening, the divisions being under orders to come up as rapidly as possible, I ordered the medical officers, as it was impossible to take their medical and hospital sup- pliesthe teams and ambulances being in the rear and the roads blocked up with trainsto take their instruments and hospital knapsacks and such dressings and stimulants as could be carried on horseback, and to go on with their regiments. I left Savannah by the first boat on Monday, and arrived at Pittsburg Landing at about 10 a. m. I found the principal depot for wounded established at the small log building now used as a field post-office. They were coming in very rapidly, and very inadequate arrangements had been made for their reception. I found Brigade Surgeon Goldsmith endeavoring to make provision for them, and at his suggestion immediately saw General Grant, and ob- tained his order for a number of tents to be pitched about the log house. 1 then rode to the front and reported to you. The great number of wounded which I saw being tramisported to the main depot, and the almost insurmountable difficulties which I foresaw would exist in pro- viding for them, convinced me that my presence was needed there more than at any other point on the field. After spending an hour in riding a little to the rear of our lines, and seeing as fttr as possible that there were surgeons in position to attend immediately to the most urgent cases, I returned to the hill above the Landing, and used every exertion to provide for the wounded there. 1 ordered Brigade Surgeons Gross, Goldsmith, Johnson, and Gay to take charge of the different depots which were established in tents on the hills above the Landing, direct- ing such regimental and contract surgeons as I could find to aid them. Many of the wounded were taken on board boats at the Landing and some of our surgeons were ordered on board to attend them. On Tuesday I had such boats as I could obtain possession of fitted up with such bed-sacks as were on hand and with straw and hay for the wounded to lie upon, and filled to their utmost capacity, and at once dispatched to convey the worst cases to the hospitals on the Ohio River, at Evansville, New Albany, Louisville, and Cincinnati. In removing the wounded we were aided by boats fitted up by sanitary commissions and soldiers relief societies and sent to the battle-field to convey wounded to the hospitals. Some of these, especially those under the direction of the United States Sanitary Commission, were of great service. They were ready to receive all sick and wounded, without regard to States or even to politics, taking the wounded Confederates as willingly as our own. Others, especially those who caine under the orders of Governors of States, were of little assistance, and caused much irregularity. Messages were semit to the regimnents that a boat was at the Landing ready to take to their homes all wounded and sick from certain States. The men would crowd in numbers to the Landing, a few wounded, but mostly the sick and homesick. After the men had been enticed to the river and were lying in the mud in front of the boats it was determined in one instaiice by the Governor to take only the wounded, and this boat went off with a few wounded, leaving many very sick men to get back to their camps as they best could. By the end of the week after the battle all our wounded had been sent off, with but few exceptions of men who had been taken to camps of reg Page 299 CHA1~. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 299 ments in General Grants army during the battle. These have since been found and provided for. The division medical directors were very efficient in the discharge of their duties, and they report most favorably of the energy and zeal displayed by the medical officers under them in the care of the wounded under most trying circumstancesof want of medical and hospital stores, and even tents. Owing to the fact that a large niajority of the wounded brought in on Monday and Tuesday were from General Grants army, sonie of whom had been wounded the day before, it was impossi- ble to attend particularly to those from our own divisions. Many Confederate wounded also fell in our hands, and I am happy to say that our officers and men attended with equal assiduity to all. Indeed, our soldiers were more ready to wait on the wounded of the enemy than our own. I regret to say that they showed incredible apathy and re- pugnance to nursing or attending to the wants of their wounded com- rades, but in the case of the Confederates this seemed in some measure overcome by a feeling of curiosity and a wish to be near them and con- verse with them. We were poorly supplied with dressings and comforts for the wounded and with ambulances for their transportation, and it was several days after the battle before all could be brought in. Our prin- cipal difficulty, however, in providing for the wounded was in the utter impossibility to obtain proper details of men to nurse them and to cook and attend generally to their wants, and in the impossibility of getting a sufficient number of tents pitched, or in the confusion which pre- vailed during and after the battle to get hay or straw as bedding for the wounded or to have it transported to the tents. The oiily details we could obtain were from the disorganized mob which lined the hills near the Landing, and who were utterly inert and inefficient. From the sad experience of this battle and the recollections of the sufferings of thousands of poor wounded soldiers crowded into tents on the wet ground, their wants partially attended to by an unwilling and forced detail of panic-stricken deserters from the battle-field, I am confirmed in the belief of the absolute necessity for a class of hospital attendants, enlisted as such, whose duties are distinct and exclusive as nurses and attendants for the sick, and also of a corps of medical purveyors, to act not only in supplying medicines, but as quartermasters for the medical department. I append a list of the number of killed and wounded in each regi- ment, brigade, and division engaged, in all amounting to 236 killed and 1,728 wounded.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. MURRAY, Surgeon, U. S. Army, Medical Director. Col. J. B. FRY, Asst. Adjt. Gen. and Chief of Staff, Army of Ohio. But see revised statement, pp. 105108, and Buells return, p. 297 Page 300 300 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXIL (Inclosure.] Return of killed and wounded in the Army of the Ohio in the battle of Shiloh. 0 Command. a 0 SECOND DIVISION. Fourth Brigade: 6thlndiana 4 34 5th Kentucky 7 5fl 1st Ohio 2 .i~ 15th, 16th, and 19th U. S. Infantry (battalions) 14 135 Total 27 224 Fifth Brigade: 34th illinois - 15 112 29th Indiana 4 ~ 30th Indiana 22 111 77th Pennsylvania 1 7 Total . 42 295 Sixth Brigade: 32d Indiana 10 82 39th Indiana 4 29 15th Ohio 8 60 49th Ohio 3 38 Total 23 203 Terrills battery 2 13 Total in Second Division 96 785 FOURTH DIVISION. Tenth Brigade: 36th Indiana 8 37 6thOfiio 2 5 24th Ohio 4 72 Total 14 114 Nineteenth Brigade: 9th Indiana 21 147 6th Kentucky 10 07 41st Ohio 19 115 Total ..... 50 349 Twenty.second Brigade: 1st Kentucky 7 59 2d Kentucky . ii ~s 20th Kentucky 3 21 Total 21 145 Total in Fourth Division 85 ooo Fnrru DIVISION. Fourteenth Brigade: 11th Kentucky 26th Kentucky 7 62 13th Ohio 11 49 Total 23 159 Eleventh Brigade: 9th Kentucky 10 70 13th Kentucky 10 a-i 19th Ohio. 4 45 59th Ohio 6 17 Total. 30 169 Bartletts battery . ...... 3 Mendenhalls battery 2 4 Total in Fifth Division 55 335 (lrandtotal 236 1,72 Page 301 ~& u~ XXII.J PUV~8BURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 301 No. 89. Report of Capt. J. H. Gilman, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, Inspector of Artillery. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OP THE Onio, Field of Shilok, Teirn., April 9, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that in the battle of the 7th instant at this place three batteries of the Army of the Ohio were engaged, viz: Captain Terrills Fifth U. S. Artillery, consisting of two 10-pounder Parrott guns and four light 12-pounders; Captain Mendenhalls Fourth U. S. Artillery, with two 3-inch rifled guns and two 12-pounder howit- zers, and Captain Bartletts First Ohio Artillery, with four 6-pounders and two 12-pounder Wiard guns. Captain Terrills battery reached the scene of action at about 9 a. m. and immediately opened fire. This battery did terrible execution, and too much praise cannot be awarded it. Throughout the day it was with General Nelsons division and was employed against both in- fantry and artillery with good edect. At one time, not being sufficiently supported, it was obliged to retire before an overwhelming infantry force, which it did in good order, retiring with fixed prolonge, firing canister into them as it went. At this time he was compelled to leave one of his caissons, which, however, was soon retaken. At about 2 p. m. I found the captain serving one of his pieces himself with only 2 men to assist him, the other cannoneers being either killed or wounded. His loss was 1 man killed and 15 wounded, 12 horses killed and 7 wounded. No injury was sustained by his guns, carriages, or equip- ments except that the axle-straps were torn off one of the axles by a ball, which have been replaced, and injuries to harness, which can be repaired from captured pieces. He expended with his two Parrott guns 26 shell (time fuse), 11 percussion shell, 11 case shot, and 28 canister; with his light 12 pounders 53 solid shot, 19 shell, 65 spherical case, and 29 canister; in all, 242 rounds. Captain Mendenhall went into action with his battery about 6 a. m. It was first employed against infantry, which was driven back, and then against a rebel battery, which he caused several times to change position and finally silenced. Until about 1 p. m. he was with (den- eral Nelsons division, when he joined General Crittendens, and replied to a battery there, from which the cannoneers were soon driven and the battery taken by our troops. This battery had very severe work during the entire day, was well handled, and efficiently served. His loss was 2 men killed and 8 wounded had 6 horses killed and. 8 wounded, and 3 escaped during the battle. he expended 244 case shot and 12 canister in his 3-inch guns, and 90 shell, 120 spherical case, and 32 can- ister in his howitzers; in all, 498 rounds expended. Captain Bartletts battery, with General Crittendens division2 began firing shortly after 6 oclock a. m. lt was employed oth against in- fantry and artillery, and rendered most important service. The officers and men worked hard, faithfully, and efficiently until about 12 in. when their ammunition gave out, and the captain took his limbers back2 filled them, and returned. This, however, was not accomplished in time to permit the battery to participate any further in the action. During the six hours that the battery was engaged 600 rounds were fired. His loss was 2 men wounded, 1 horse killed, 1 set harness lost. His battery sustained no injury, except that one elevating screw was bent and ren- dered uns~erviceable Page 302 302 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. (CHAP. XXLL Captain Goodspeeds battery (A, First Ohio) having arrived from Savannah and disembarked, I was directed Late in the day by the gen- eral commanding to bring it up. This was done, but by the time it reached the point designated the enemy had retreated beyond its reach. It pressed on after them for some distance, but did not get an opportunity to open fire, and at the close of the pursuit was put in po- sition with our advance forces. Captain Terrill will require 20 horses and the same amount of ammu- nition that he expended, having found only about 17 rounds (captured) that would fit his guns. He, however, has a supply on the road. Captain Mendenhall requires 14 horses, 240 case shot., and 12 canister for 3-inch guns, and 60 spherical case and 20 canister for his howitzers, having partially supplied the latter from captured ammunition. Cap- tain Bartlett will require 15 horses, 60 canister, 120 percussion shell, and ~ solid shot for 6-pounder Wiard guns, and 100 canister, 100 per- cussion shell, and 60 solid shot for 12 pounder Wiard guns. The artillery captured by the Army of the Ohio on Monday, the 7th instant, I will report upon as soon as it is collected. The number of pieces is about 20. I will here state that many of these are the same that were taken from the forces here by the rebels on Sunday, and that when retaken on Monday they were taken off by the batteries that had lost them Sunday; a proceeding that could not well be interfered with, as it would delay them in getting their batteries again in order. Respectfully submitted. J. II. GILMAN, Capt. Nineteenth U. S. I~ft., Insp. of Arty., Army of the Ohio. Capt. J. B. Fuv, Asst. Adjt. Gen., U. S. Army, Chief of Staff. No. 90. Report of Brig. Gen. Alexander MeD. MeCook, U. S. Army, command ing Second Division. IIDQRS. SECOND Divisiox, ARMY OF THE OHIO, Field of Shiloh, April 9, 1862. Sin: I have the honor herewith to report that on the morning of the 6th instant, while on the march, at a point 12 miles from the town of Savannah Tenn., I received an order to hasten forward with my (livis- ion, with three days rations in haversacks and all my supply of am- munition. On account of the condition of the roads and baggage trains it was impossible for me to get more than two days rations and the 40 rounds of cartridges in the cartridge boxes of the men. I hastened for- ward, arriving at Savannah at 7p.m. on the 6th instant,with myen- tire division, e~ept the Second hegiment of Kentucky Cavalry, which was left to guard the baggage. After resting my men two hours I marched to the river with General Rousseaus brigade, ordering the other brigades and the artillery to follow immediately. Arriving at the steamboat landing, I found no preparation made whatever to convey my division to this battle-field. I ordered my staff aboard boats at the Landing, compelling the captains to get out of their beds and prepare their boats for my use. I succeeded in embarking General Rousseaus brigade. As boats arrived I pressed them into service, and embarke Page 303 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 303 the Thirty-fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, belonging to Colonel Kirks brigade, and left with it for the field, leaving instructions at Savannah for the other portion of my division to follow as rapidly as means of transportation was afforded. Arriving at Pittsburg Landing at 5 oclock a. m. on the 7th instant, finding General Rousseaus brigade disembarking, I marched forward to a point where I believed it would be of the most service. I there met General Buell, who (lirected me to form my line of battle with my left resting near General Crittendens right and my right resting toward the north. I immediately formed this line with General Rous- seaus brigade upon the ground designated, my right being without support. As soon as the remainder of Colonel Kirks brigade arrived I placed his brigade in position as a. reserve. When these arrange- ments were completed I ordered the line to cross a ravine and to take advantage of the high ground i~ front, having pr~viously thrown tWo companies from each regiment of General Rousseaus brigade forward as skirmishers. The line became immediately engaged with a superior force of the enemy, the main attack being made on the right Know- ing that my right had no support, I ordered Colonel Kirks brigade, with the exception of Colonel Stumbaughs Seventy-seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, forward to take a position on the right of General Rousseaus brigade, with instructions to watch the enemy, and if they were att~cked, to hold that ground at every hazard. In the mean time a l)Ortion of Colonel Gibsons brigade arrived, and I, still be- lieving that the heaviest attack was being made on my right, ordered Colonel Willichs Thirty-second Regiment of Indiana Volunteers to form a line in the rear of the center, to be used as circumstances might require. The enemys attack on the right and center was continuous and severe, but the steady valor of General Rousseaus brigade repulsed him. He was vigorously pursued for the distance of a mile, when he received large re-enforcements and rallied among the tents of a portion of General McClernands division, from which it had been driven on the 6th instant. Here, supported by two pieces of artillery, which were lost the day before, the enemy made a desperate stand. At this juncture Colonel Buckleys Fifth Regiment Kentucky Volun- teers charged and captured the two guns in position, with four more of the same battery, partially disabled, which the enemy could not carry off. Here General Rousseau had the pleasure of retaking General McClernands headquarters, and at this time it is supposed General A. S. Johnston fell, as his body was found on the outer edge of this encampment. The enemy fell back over an open field~ and reformed in the skirt of the woods beyond. General Rousseaus brigade then advanced into the open field to engage him. The advance of my division had created a space between it and General Crittendens, and the enemy began massing troops to take advantage of this gap in our line, made unavoidable by the attempt of the enemy to turn my right flank and his subsequent retreat. I immediately ordered Colonel Wil- lich to advance to the support of General Rousseaus left and to give the enemy the bayonet as soon as possible. His regiment filed through the lines of Colonel Kirks brigade, which had been withdrawn from the right when the danger menacing that flank had passed, and advanced into a most withering fire of shell, canister, and musketry, which for a moment staggered it; but it was soon ralli~d, and for an account of the numerous conflicts and desperate charges this regiment made I refer you to Colonel Willichs report, transmitted herewith. Being now satisfied that the enemy had changed his point of attac Page 304 304 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. ICIJAP. XIII. from the right to my extreme left, I ordered Colonel Stumbaughs 5ev- enty.seveiith Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers to take up a position on my extreme left and repel the assault there being made. He imme- diately engaged them, and at this moment the contest along the whole line became terrible. Colonel Kirks brigade was now ordered to engage, and he arrived precisely at the right moment, as the cartridges of General Rousseaus brigade were all expended. General Rousseaus brigade fell back through openings made in Colonel Kirks ranks, and retired to the woods in the rear to be supplied with ammunition. Three hours before, being convinced from the stubbornness with which the enemy was contending and the rapid discharges of my regi- ments that their 40 ronnds of cartridges would soon be exhausted, I dispatched Lieutenant Campbell, my ordnance officer, for teams to bring up ammunition. He arrived at the opportune moment with three wagon loads. Wh~e General Rousseaus brigade was being sul)phCd with ammunition, I ordered Colonel Gibsons brigade to engage on the left of Colonel Kirks, where the enemy was still endeavoring to force his way. At this moment every available man was under fire, and the enemy seemed to increase in the vigor and the rapidity of his attack. Now the contest for a few moments became terrific. The enemy, to retake the ground and battery lost, advanced with a force of at least 10,000 men against my two brigades, and when he deployed in line of battle the fires from the contending ranks were two continuous sheets of flame. Here Major Levanway, commanding the Thirty-fourth Reg- iment of Illinois Volunteers, was killed by a shell, and the regiment wavered for a moment, when Colonel Kirk, colonel of the regiment, but commanding the Fifth Brigade, seized a flag, rushed forward, and steadied the line again. While doing this he was severely wounded in the shoulder. The enemy now began to turn the left of Colonel Gibsons brigade, when the Forty-ninth Ohio, by this disposition of the enemy, was com- pelled to change its front twice, which was done under a heavy fire. I am proud to say that this hazardous maneuver was performed with apparently as much steadiness as on parade. As soon as General Rousseaus brigade received its ammunition it was again ordered into line, and I directed into action two regiments belonging to General llurlbuts division, which had been lying in reserve on my left since morning. When these dispositions were made I ordered an advance of my whole command, which was made in gallant style. The enemy did not withstand the charge, but fled, leaving all of their wounded, and were pursued by my division beyond General Shermans headquarters of the day before, where the pursuit was taken up by the cavalry and artillery. During the action I momentarily expected the arrival of Captain Terrill and his battery. I sent an aide-de-camp to conduct him to me, so that I could put him in position. The aide-dc- camp, through mistake, took the road which led to General Nelsons right. Captain Terrill was there ordered by General Buell into posi- tion. This officer did not fight under my immediate supervision, but from his report, herewith appended, and the verbal acknowledgment to me of General Nelson, hs~ fought his battery gallantly and judiciously, and I commend him and his officers to my superiors. Captain Terrill, on account of his strict attention to duty in the past and conspicuous gallantry in this terrible conflict, is worthy of any promotion that cau be bestowed upon him. My other two batteries, Captains Stones and Goodspeeds, did not arrive in time to participate in the conflict. To the three brigade commandersGeneral Rousseau, Colonels Kir Page 305 CHAr. XXII.] PlTTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 3O~ and Gibsonthe country is indebted for much of the success in this part of the field. General Rousseau led his brigade into action, and opened the conflict in this division in a most handsome and gallant style. He was ever to be seen watching the contest with a soldierly care and in- terest, which made him the admiration of the entire command. Colonel Kirk, who during the a~tion was severely wounded in the shoulder~ coolly and judiciously led his men under fire. He has been in command of the Fifth Brigade for some months, and much of its efficiency is due to the care and labor he bestowed upon it. I respectfully call your attention to his meritorious services upon this day. Colonel Gibson, although temporarily in command of the Sixth Bri- gade, displayed great steadiness and judgment during the action. The maneuvers of his troops in the face of the enemy attest his skill and ability. Colonel Stumbaugh, with the Seventy-seventh Regiment of Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, early in the action being ordered to watch the enemy upon my left, was at a later period ordered to engage. His regiment, partially isolated from the rest of the division, steadily moved over an open field in its front under a heavy fire. While here the enemy& cavalry charged this regiment twice, but were each time repulsed with heavy loss. Colonel Stumbaugh had the satisfaction of receiving thei sword of Colonel Battle, of the Twentieth Tennessee, who surrendered to him as a prisoner. Lieutenant-Colonel Housum and Major Bradford ably seconded the efforts of Colonel Stumbaugh. Colonel Bass, of the Thirtieth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, wa~ wounded twice; which is the best evidence of his bearing and bravery After Colonel Bass last wound Lieutenant-Colonel Dodge, ably as- sisted by Major Hurd, took the command of the regiment. All three of these officers deserve the thanks of their State and country. Lieutenant-Colonel Dunn, commanding the Twenty-ninth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, was marked by all for his coolness and bravery. Captain Bristol, of the Thirty-fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, who took command of the regiment after the death of Major Levanway, greatly distinguished himself during the day. Capt. S. T. Davis, of the Seventy-seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting assistant adjutant-general of the Fifth Brigade; Captain Beehler and Lieutenant Dexter, of the Thirty-fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers (all upon Colonel Kirks staff), were of great assistance to him during the engage- ment. I mention the names of the officers in the Fifth Brigade because the debility incident to Colonel Kirks wound precludes the possibility of getting a report from him. For the instances of individual bravery and gallantry in the Fourth and Sixth Brigades, where all were gallant, I refer you to the reports of General Rousseau and Colonel GiVson, transmitted herewith. The bravery and steadiness of the officers and men under my com- mand are worthy all praise, considering the circumstances surrounding them. The day before the battle they marched 22 miles; a portion of them stood all night in the streets of Savannah in a driving storm, without sleep; all the way from Savannah the river banks were lined with fugitives in ~ederal uniform. At Pittsbui~g Landing the head of my column had to force its way through thousands of panic-stricken and wounded men before it could engage the enemy. I take pleasure in alling your attention to the conduct of Colonel Oliver and a portion of the Fifteenth Regiment of Michigan Volunteers. When my division was marching into the field Colonel Oliver, before unk~iown to me, 20 R RYOL Page 306 306 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. IdA?. XXII requested the privilege of serving with my command. His regiment was attached to General Rousseaus brigade, and during the day was under the hottest fire, where he, his officers and men, behaved with .eonspicuOus gallantry. To the members of my staff, Capt. Daniel MeCook, assistant adjutant- general; Lients. S. W. , W. T. Hoblitzell, and XV. F. Straub, aides- de-camp; Lieut. J. A. Campbell, ordnance officer; Capt. Orris Blake, provost-marshal; Lieutenant Blake, assistant provost-marshal; Capt. .J. D. Williams, assistant commissary of subsistence; Lieutenants Gal- braith and Johnson, Signal Corps, and Acting Aide-de-Camp J. P. Collier, of Ohio, 1 return my grateful thanks. I commend them to my superiors for their gallantry in action and for the intelligent manner in which they conveyed and communicated my orders on the field of battle. Capt. J. F. Boyd, my ever-efficient division quartermaster, was absent in Savannah, superintending the embarkation of the troops. I did not see Dr. Meylert, medical director, upon the field, but am informed he was assigned to a post of duty elsewhere. Lieut. Col. E. A. Parrott, First Ohio Volunteers, my acting inspector- general, did not attend me as a staff officer, but joined and fought with his regiment, and for mention of his services I refer you to General Rousseaus report. I am sorry that 1 was deprived upon this day of the services of Brig. 4~en. R. W. Johnson, commanding the Sixth Brigade. Severe illness eaused his absence from his command at Columbia, Tenn. The efficiency of the Sixth Brigade is very much due to his talents and abilities, and it is to be regretted that he did not have an opportunity npon this day to add new laurels to his military name. My casualties during the conflict were 93 killed, 803 wounded, and 9 missing. The small number of the latter indicates the manner in which the division was held in hand. I herewith inclose a tabular statement of the killed and wounded and missing in each brigade.~ I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. MuD. MeCOOK, Brigadier- General, Commanding Second Division. Capt. J. B. FRY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Chief of Staff.__________________ * But see revised statement, pp. 105106 Page 307 ~HAV. XXII.I PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 307 Return of ca8ualt~es in the Second Divi8ion, Arm)J of the Ohio. Killed. Wounded. Command. __ _______________ o IFourtli Brigade: 6th Indiana 4 36 2 42 5th Kentucky 7 56 - - - 63 1st Ohio 2 2 45 1 50 15th U. S. (battalion) 4 4 54 1 63 16th U. S. (battalion) 2 4 1 49 56 19th U. S. (battalion) 5 2 30 37 Total 2 26 9 270 4 311 1~ifih Brigade: 34th Illinois 1 14 7 105 127 29th Indiana 4 4 63 71 30th Indiana 18 7 102 2 129 77th Pennsylvania 7 1 8 Total 1 36 18 277 ~ $ixth Brigade: 32d In(liana 2 8 4 82 39th Indiana 1 4 1 30 15th Ohio 9 1 63 2 - 49th Ohio 35 Total 24 6 210 2 245 -5th U. S. Artillery Battery W 1 13 - - -- 14 Grand total - 6 87 770 9 ~ * Twelve horses killed and 7 wounded. No. 91. Report of Brig. Gen. Lovell H. Rousseau, U. S. Army, commanding Fourth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE Battle-field of Shiloh, fieun., April 12, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report to you, as commander of the Second Division of the Army of the Ohio, the part taken by my brigade Ill the battle at this place on the 7th instant. After a very arduous march on Sunday, the 6th instant, during mnch of which I was forced to take the fields and woods adjacent to the highway, from the narrow- ness of the latter and its being filled with wagon trains and artillery and for me at that time impassable, we reached Savannah after dark. Under your orders and superintendence we at once embarked on steam- boats for this place. We reached the Landing here at daylight and -$0011 after reported to you as ready for action. - Under your order, and accompanied by you, we marched out on the field of the day before, a little after 6 oclock a. m. Soon after, General Buell came up and 4lirected you to deploy and form line of battle, our left resting on Gen- eral Crittendens right and our right extending in the direction of Gen- eral MeClernands division, and to send out a company of, skirmishei Page 308 308 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA, AND SW. VA. ICHAP. XXLL into the woods in front. This was done at once, Major King detailing Captain ilaughey for that purpose. Within a half hour after this you looked over the ground and decided to take a position some 200 or 300 yards to the front, on the crest of a piece of rising ground. 1 moved up the brigade accordingly, taking the new position indicated. In this line a battalion of the Fifteenth U. S. Jnfantry, Captain Swaine, and a battalion of the Sixteenth U. S. Infantry, Captain Townsend, both under command of Maj. John II. King, were on the right; a battalion of the Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, Major Carpenter, on let~ of King; the First Ohio Col B. F. Smith, on Carpenters left, and the Sixth Indiana, Colonel 6rittenden on the left flank, while the Louisville Legion, Colonel Buckley, was held in reserve 150 paces in rear of the line. Thirty or forty minutes after this line was formed Captain Haugheys skirmishers were driven in, several of his men shot, and my command fiercely assailed by the enemy. The at- tack lasted perhaps twenty minutes, when the enemy were driven off. In this contest Captain Acker, of the Sixteenth U. S. Infantry, was in- stantly killed, and many others of my brigade killed and wounded. The enemy soon rallied and returned to the attack more fiercely than before, but was met by a very rapid and well-directed fire from the commands of Majors King and Carpenter and Colonel Smith, the Sixth Indiana being out of range on the left. This attack was also, after a severe contest, repulsed and the enemy driven off, our loss being much more than before. We were ignorant of the ground in front occupied by the enemy, as it was covered with timber and thick undergrowth, but were informed that it was more open than where we were. I decided to advance my lines after this last attack, and at once cautiously felt my way forward, but had not gone far when I again encountered the enemy in heavy force, and again drove him off, after a yet severer contest than any before. About this time I received several messages, announcing that the United States forces to our right and front, after very hard fighting, which we had heard all the morning, were giving way, leaving the center of the army exposed. I at once decided to move forward the whole brigade to the open ground, except the Sixth Indiana, which held a most important position on our left flank, which position the enemy had menaced in strong force for several hours. I ordered Colonel Buckley, with the Louisville Legion, to move up to the right and froift and engage the enemy, who had rallied all his available forces and was moving down upon us. At the same time Majors King and Carpenter and Colonel Smith were ordered to advance in line with Colonel Buckley. The advance was admirably made, and with alacrity the brigade, steadily, briskly, and in excellent order, moved forward. We advanced about 200 yards to the front, when we came in collision with the enemy. He was stronger at this point than either of the previous encounters. I afterwards learned from wounded prisoners that the force at this time opposed to us consisted of the Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Kentucky Regiments, and several others from various States. The fire of musketry was the heaviest I ever heard. My line when fired on halted of itself and went to work. The issue was important, as my brigade was directly in the road of the enemy to the Landing, and they were evidently pressing for that point. I was the more fully impressed with the importance of driving the enemy from this position by your words to me when you ordered a change to the front of your original line of battle, which were, i Page 309 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 309 substance, that my position was in the center, and must l)e held at every hazard, and that you would support me with the balance of your division as it arrived on the field. / This fight lasted about forty minutes, when the enemy gave way and were at once pursued by the whole line up to the open ground in front, my brigade capturing several cannon, retaking a battery of ours captured by the enemy the previous day, and retaking the headquarters of General McClernand. We also took three flags from the enemy. At this time the 40 rounds of cartridges in the boxes of the men were ex- hausted and the line was halted. Before I resolved to advance my whole brigade to the front I looked for the promised support, and found Colonel Kirk, with his brigade, in my rear, within short supporting distance. He told me he was there by your order to support me, and was ready for anything. He and his men were eager to move up with me. I requested that he would ibilow at the proper distance, which he did. After we had exhausted our ammunition I called on Colonel Kirk, who was immediately in rear of my lines, and informed him of that fact. He at once gailantly and eagerly offered to take my position in front, and did so, a portion of my command on the right passing quietly through his lines and halt- iIlg in his rear. All was done without the least confusion or even excitement. I told him that if needed before we received ammunition we would support him with the bayonet. The part taken in the fight by Colonel Kirk and Colonel Gibson and their respective brigades after this, and also the part taken by Colonel Willich, I leave them to narrate, with the single remark that they and their officers and men behaved most gallantly. About this time a battery of two or three gunsI do not know whose it wastook position about the center of my lines and opened on the enemy in front, then forming for attack. This battery I directed Majors King and Carpenter and the Sixth Indiana to support, Colonel *Drittenden having been just before ordered up from his former posi- tion on the left. I may here remark that the Sixth Indiana in its old position had been exposed to heavy cannonading on our left and front and had lost several men in killed and wounded, and I had ordered it back into the woods. The enemy soon after advanced in strong force and menaced the battery, and its commander withdrew it; but the support just named stood firm against several times their num- ber and gallantly beat off the enemy. In the mean while a supply of ammunition for the whole command was received. When thus repulsed the enemy fell back and his retreat began, soon after which I saw two regiments of Government troops advancing in double-quick time across the open fields in our front, and saw that one of them was the First Ohio, which had been moved to our left to wait for ammunition. I galloped to the regiment and ordered it to halt, as I had not ordered the movement, but was informed that it was advanc- ing by order of General Grant, whom I then saw in rear of the line, with his staff. 1 ordered the regiment to advance with the other, which it did some 200 or 300 yards farther, when it was halted, and a fire was opened upon it from one of our camps, then occupied by the enemy. The fire was instantly returned, and the enemy soon fled, after wound- ing 8 men of the First Ohio. This closed the fighting of the day, and a small body of cavalry was sent in pursuit of the enemy. I need not say to you, sir, that my brigade, officers and men, behaved well; for you were an eye-witness to the gallant conduct of them all, .~nd you will join me in expressing the opinion that men have seldo Page 310 310 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII.. marched into battle under more unfavorable auspices and never borer themselves more gallantly. During the whole of the long and terrific battle neither officer i~or man wavered for one moment. When all be- haved so well there is little room for discriminative commendation of any. Many of them had been exposed, after great fatigue, to a heavy rain the night before on the steamboats, and all of them were necessa- rily greatly crowded, so that they could not sleep, and as they marched from the boats they passed through and among the ten thousand fugi- tives from the fight of the day before, who lined the banks of the river an(l filled the woods adjacent to the Landing. Within a quarter of a mile of the Landing, and directly on the way to our position on the- field, lay hundreds of dead men, mostly our own, whose niangled bodies and distorted features presented a horrible sight. Numerous dead horses and our partially-sacked camps gave evidence of the havoc, and, which was far worse, of the reverses, and (lisasters of the day before. All around theum impressed them with the belief that they must fight the battle for themselves. It must not be forgotten that we fought this battle some miles within the lines of the encampment of General Grants army and in the camps occupied by his troops, and it was thereby rendered apparent to the most ignorant soldier that the army had been driven in by the enemy till within a few hundred yards of the river and that the work before us was by no means easy. Under all these unfavorable circumstances you will recollect, sir, the men were in no way appalled, but formed line of battle promptly and with great coolness and precision. To Majs. J. H. King rind S. D. Carpenter, of the Regular Army, wh~ connuanded the regular troops in my brigade, I am especially indebted for the valuable aid which their long experience as soldiers enabled them to render. Capts. P. T. Swaine and E. F. Townsend, command- imig battalions under Major King, and Col. B. F. Smith, First Ohio- Volunteers, a captain in the regular service, were likewise conspicuous for good conduct. I strongly recommend these officers to the proper authorities as soldiers by l)rofession, who have shown themselves armiply fit for higher offices of usefulness. I also return my thanks to Cols. T. T. Crittemiden and H. M. Buckley; Liemit. Cols. E. A. Parrott, W. W. Berry, and Hiram Prather, and Majs. B. B. Langdon, J. L. Treanor, and A. H. Abbott for their coolness and gallantry. Lieuten- ant-Colonel Parrott was on detached service at the time, but joined his regiment during the action, and remained with it to the close. I also acknowledge my great obligations to Lieutenants Armstrong and Rousseau, my regular aides; to E. F. Jewett, esq., of Ohio, volunteer aide; to Lient. John W. Wickliffe, of the Second Kentucky Cavalry, acting aide, amid to Capt. W. M. Carpenter, bi~igade quartermaster, (luring the battle, for valuable services in the field. It is due to Colonel Oliver, officers, and men of the Fifteenth Michigan that I say he joined. us early in the morning with about 230 officers and mcmi of his reginient, amid behaved well during the day of the battle. Accompanying this report you have a list of casualties incident to the battle, * and also the~ reports of the various commanders of battalions and regiments of thee brigade. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, LOVELL H. ROUSSEAU, Brigadier-General. Embodied in revised statement, p. 1Q5 Page 311 Ca& r. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 311 No. 92. Report of Cot. Thomas T. Crittenden, Sixth Indiana Infantry. IIDQRS. SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, In the Field, near Pittsburg, Tenn. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken in the action of the 7th instant by the regiment nuder my tom- inand: We arrived on the field a few minutes before 7 a~ in., and by order of Brigadier-General Rousseau took up our position adjoining the extreme right of Brigadier-General Crittendens division, thereby being the extreme left of General McCooks division. A short time after we had deployed the enemy opened a battery upon us and shelled us with some effect. I ordered the men to lie down, but the enemys artillery soon obtained our range so perfectly, that General Rousseau ordered me to advance about 150 yards; which was promptly (lone, a~nd my regiment was then partially sheltered by the formation of the ground. In a short time General Rousseau advanced us about 1.00 yards far- ther to the front, and soon after, by a wheel of the battalion to the left, eight companies were formed at right angles to General Critten- dens division, facing its flank, while my two right companies, A and II, under command of Captain Baldwin, were faced to the front, behind a low fence, and commanding an open field, about 200 yards in width. here the enemy opened upon us a heavy fire of canister and musketry, and one of our own batteries threw shell among us. I iiumediately sent an officer to our battery and rectified this mistake. I here ordered my men to lie down and fire from that position. They fired accurately, and from subsequent inspection of the point to which their fire was directed (in conjunctioii with the First Ohio, Col. B. F. Smith, next to us on our right) I feel satisfied that our fire was fearfully effective. Twice the rebel flag went down, and twice the enemy withdrew the regiments opposed to us and brought fresh regiments to replace them. We held this position until the enemys fire of musketry had ceased and they abandoned their position in front of us. Their artillery an- mioyed us here so much, we being unable to reach it by our fire, that~ I changed our position, and moved diagonally to the right and front, deploying Company B, Captain Tripp, to the left, as skirmishers, and then received orders from General Rousseau to move up squarely to the front, to act., in connection with five companies of the Nineteenth Inthutry, as guards for battery of artillery. This battery opened on the rebels and fired with great rapidity, but fearing capture of the pieces soon left the field, under the steady advance of the enemys infan- try and a severe fire from their artillery. We opened ranks for our artillery to pass through and then closed up for the coming struggle, which was almost instantly upon us. Here my regiment stood up and fired 20 rounds so rapidly as to make a steady storm of musketry and compelled the enemy to halt. Seeing this, I ordered the regiment forward about 100 yards, when the enemy gave way. This first breaking their center, they soon rallied, and onr l)Iace was taken by the Sixth Brigade. My regiment had fired 40 rounds of ammunition up to this time. We filled our cartridge-boXes again, and moved forward in rear of the Sixth Brigade, continuing action. The conduct of the officers and men of my regunent was admirable. At no time during the day did we ever yield Page 312 ~312 KY., TENN., N. MiSS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXii an inch of ground that we had taken, and although at one time exposed to their fire from different dfrections, no disorder appeared. It was dis tinetly understood by the Sixth Regiment that Indianians never retreat. My regiment was under fire ten hours and fifteen minutes during the battle, and all having acquitted themselves so well, particular men- tion would be improper. T. T. CRITTENDEN, Colonel Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. No. 93. R~port of Maj. John H. King, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding bat talion of Fifteenth dnd Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. IIDQRS. FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, Battle-field, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 13, 1862. SIR: I went into the battle on Monday, the 7th instant, in command of two battalions of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Infantry, the former numbering eight companies, the latter seven companies. After form- ing line of battle, Maj. Stephen D. Carpenter, commanding five com- panies of the Nineteenth Infantry, formed on my left and continued with me all day, or until half an hour before the enemy retreated, when he detached his command from me to support a battery about to take a position some distance on our left. I am under obligations to the officers and men of my command for their brave and gallant conduct, and I feel well assured that their servic& s will be properly appreciated by our country. Capt. P. T. Swaine, Fifteenth Infantry, and Capt. Edwin F. Townsend, Sixteenth Infantry, commanders of the two bat- talions, are entitled to special notice for the discipline and maneuvering of their commands. I take pleasure in referring you to their reports, which are herewith inclosed. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN II. KING, Major Fifteenth Infantry, Commanding. Capt. D. ARMSTRONG, Aide-de- Camp and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 94. Report of Capt. Peter T. Swaine, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry. CAMP MCCLERNAND, TENN., April 12, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that the First Battalion Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, in the battle of the 7th instant, consisted of eight com- panies. From the commencement to the close of the battle we were ex- posed to an incessant fire, but kept steadily advancing, compelling the enemy to yield ground to us. Three times we charged upon the foe, the last time with the bayonet, capturing a battery. My officers dis- played great bravery, and gallantly conducted their companies in the hottest of the engagement with the regi~larity of a drill, and the men were eool, steady, and obedient, well exemplifying their discipline. Not onl Page 313 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBIJRG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. ~l3 did they keep gaining ground by driving the enemy before them, but at one time, when heavy re-enforcements were advanced by the rebels, breaking and dispersing ~he ranks of two adjacent regiments, they stood their ground, and poured such a deadly fire of rifle bullets into the ranks of the enemy thatwhat bid fair at first to be a defeat was turned to a most glorious success. Many of our enlisted men deserve special notice. Four of them came more particularly under my immediate observation. They are Sergt. Maj. Gustavus K Teubues, First Sergts. Roman H. Gray and John Williams, and Lance Sergt. John Mars, corporal of the permanent party at Newport Barracks. * I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. T. SWAlNE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Commanding Battalion. Maj. JOHN H. KING, Commanding Infantry, Regulars. No. 95. Report of Capt. Edwin F. Townsend, Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. HDQRS. FIRST BATTALION SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, Battle-field, near Pittsburg Landing, April 12, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to report that on the morning of the 7th instant the battalion under my command went into action with the enemy at this place, numbering 276 rank and file and 18 officers. Shortly after being placed in position we were ordered forward, when the enemy opened a heavy fire upon us. At the first discharge I regret to say that Capt. William II. Acker, commanding Company C, was killed by a ball through the head. From this time we continued to move steadily forward, at no time falling back, except once, to refill the cartridge boxes, and then only after our position had been occupied by reserves coming to relieve us. About the middle of the day First Lieut. Edward L. Mitchell, of Company F, was instantly killed by a ball through the brain while delivering an order from me to Captain Crofton. Toward the close of the battle Capt. P. T. Keyes, commanding Company D, while gallantly encouraging his men, was struck by a rifle-ball just below the shoulder, breaking the arm and causing a very severe wound. Shortly after Captain Keyes was wounded we were ordered to charge, and moving forward we passed a battery of two guns, which were recognized by some of the officers of my command as being a Tennessee battery. Both officers and men behaved most gallantly during the whole of the fight, and where all are meritorious I cannot name those who par. ticularly distinguished themselves.t All of which is respectfully submitted. EDWIN F. TOWNSEND, Captain, Sixteenth Infantry, Commanding First Battalion. Maj. JOHN II. KING, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, Commanding. * Nominal lists omitted show that there were 18 officers and 318 men engaged, and that the casualties were 4 men killed, 4 officers and 54 men wounded, and 1 man missing. But see revised statement, p. 105. tNominal lists omitted from this report show that 18 officers and 276 men were en- gaged, and that the casualties were 2 officers and 4 men killed and 1 officer and 4~ men wounded Page 314 314 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII No. 96. R~port of Maj. Stephen D. Carpenter, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry. PITTSBURG BATTLE-FiELD, April 10, 1862. SIR.: I herewith make the following statement of facts connected with the operations of my battalion during the engagement on Monday, the 7th instant, which to me appears proper to bring to your notice: In the afternoon, while the right of yonr brigade was engaged with the enemy, Lieutenant Andrews, of my regiment, observed to me the enemys flag, behind which were forming his columns doubled upon the center. Having been confirmed in my mind that this was the flag of the enemy, behind which his force were forming for the purpose of taking our left directly in flank, I inimnediately changed my front for- ward on the left company, and sent my adjutaiit, Lieutenant Snyder,. to ask you for the support of the left of your brigade. You immedi- ately ordered up the Sixth Indiana, Colonel Crittenden, in support, when instantly, as you will doubtless recollect, we were engaged hotly by the enemy in front and after hard fighting, in which our own and the enemys forces nearly came together, he finally gave way and fled. One more incident I will also state, which occurred a short time after this: While resisting another attack of the enemy in our front and in pursuit my battalion moved over and took the grouimd and a battery of the enemy, which I presume had beemi taken from our forces the day before. This battery consisted of a 24 and a 12 pounder howitzer, which, after examination, and finding them spiked, we left on the gronimd. Vor particulars in reference to these forces taken by my bat- talioim Captain Gilmuan, on duty with General Buells staff can give information. I will only add that during the entire day, from 9 a. in. till 4 p. ni., during nmost of the time nuder fire, my officers, without an exception, also the men of the conimand with but a very few excep- tions, did their duty with a determination and zeal that in my opinion cannot be excelled. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. D. CARPENTER, Major, Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Battalion. ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Fourth Brigade, Second Division. P. S.The list of killed and wounded of my battalion of five com- panies, amounting to 5 killed and 2 officers and 30 rank and file wounded, has been handed in to the adjutant-general of our brigade. IDuring the day, with the exception of half an hour, from 3.30 to 4 p. in., my battalion occupied a position on the left of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth United States Infantry, during which half hour we were hotly engaged supporting one of our batteries. The assistant surgeon attached to my battalion, II. C. Parr~~, was present at the first engage- ment in the morning. At this time I called his attention to a soldier who had been wounded. After this I saw him no more upon the battle- field during the day, and the wounded of the regiment were sent to the rear by the officers of the regiment Page 315 CHAP. XXIIJ PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOR, TENN. 315 No. 97. Report qf Got. William Iii. Gibson, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry, command ing sixth Brigade. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH BRIGADE, Field of ~3hiloh, April 10, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the participation of this command in the memorable action of the 7th instaiit: Reaching Savannah at 10 p. In. of the 6th, and holding the rear of the Second Division, we were compelled to await transportation until ~the next morning at 9 oclock. After great exertio~ the entire brigade, with two batteries of artil- lery, was embarked on the steamer John J. Roe. We reached Pitts- burg Landing about 11 oclock, and at once hastened forward to the scene of conflict in the center, where a portion of the Second Divisiou was then engaged. Colonel Willich, with the Thirty-second Indiana, being the first to debark an(l to reach the field, was detached from the brigade and placed in position by General McCook in person. Nothing further was heard from him by me during the day, but his list of casualties shows that he was hotly engaged, and the testimony of distinguished officers, who wit- nessed the conduct of his command, justifies me in saying that officers and men gave proof of skill and courage worthy the heroes of Rowletts Sta- tion. Herewith I submit Colonel Willichs report for full particulars. Obedient to orders, the balance of the brigade was deployed in line of battle in rear of the Fourth Brigade, nnder General Rousseau, then closely engaged. His ammunition being exhausted, the Sixth Brigade was ordered to advance, which command was executed promptly and in perfect order. The enemys infantry, concealed by tents, behind trees, and in dense undergrowth, opened a terrific fire on our whole line simultaneously. With one battery he opened on the left of the Fif- teenth Ohio, holding the right; with another he annoyed the left of the Forty-ninth Ohio, holding the left, and with a third he poured a tor- rent of grape upon the Thirty-ninth Indiana, holding the center. The fire of the enemys infantry was promptly responded to along our entire line. Our volleys were delivered with rapidity, regularity, and effect. The enemys lines were shaken, and we steadily pressed forward, driving him before us at least 80 rods. I here discovered that, under cover of a ravine, the enemy was turn- ing my left, and I at once ordered the Forty-ninth Ohio to change line of battle to the rear on first company, which movement was executed with perfect order under a heavy fire. Lieut. William C. Turner was dispatched to General McCook to inform him of the danger to my left, but the fire of the Forty-ninth Ohio from its new position soon drove the enemy back, and the regiment moved forward into line. The enemy now, with increased force, made a second demonstration on my left, and the Forty-ninth Ohio again changed line to the rear, and quickly arrested his advance. Captain Bouton, with two guns of his Chicago battery, reached the ground at this juncture, and after silencing the enemys battery, which Imad been annoying my left, moved quickly to ~e left of the Fifteenth Ohio, and opened on the batteries which had up to that time harassed that regiment and the Thirty-ninth Indiana. The enemy~s guns wer Page 316 316 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CITAP. XXII quickly silenced, and Captain Bouton has my warmest thanks for the aid so skillfully and gallantly rendered. The Forty-ninth Ohio having again moved forward into line, and my left being supported by troops ordered forward for that purpose by General McCook, I again ordered an advance, and our entire line pushed forward in gallant style, driving the enemy before us a full half mile, and taking possession of the camp from which a portion of General Shermans division had been driven the day before, including the gen- erals headquarters. The enemy now abandoned the contest and retreated under the pro- tection of his cavalry, leaving us in possession of that portion of the field and two of his hospitals crowded with his wounded. As the whole conflict was waged under the immediate supervision of General McCook, commanding the division, I cheerfully submit the conduct of the brigade to his jndgment and criticism. Every command was executed promptly, and nothing could exceed the order and firm- ness with which our entire line moved upon the enemy. Colonel Dickey and Lieutenant-Colonel Wilson, of the Fifteenth Ohio, being absent on account of sickness, the command of that regiment devolved upon Major William Wallace, who managed his command with promptness and skill, and exhibited throughout the bloody con- test the highest proof of coolness, conrage, and energy. His horse was shot upon the field. He called to his aid on the field Captains Dawson and Kirby, who merit especial praise for their gallantry in cheering on the command under a galling fire of artillery and infantry. Adjutant Taft performed his whole duty regardless of danger, and the entire regiment gave proof of thorough discipline. To the Thirty-ninth Indiana too great praise cannot be awarded. Active and vigilant at every moment, Colonel Harrison exhibited great skill and the highest courage and coolness in managing his command. Major Evans was prompt and courageous thronghout the day, and every officer and man in the regiment was so heroic that distinctions would be invidious. Not the slightest wavering or confusion occurred in the command. Lieut. W. iR. Phillips, a most gallant officer, fell at the post of duty, and Lieutenant Woodmansee, of the same regiment, was borne mortally wonnded from the field. The Forty-ninth Ohio was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Black- man, who performed his duty nobly, giving ample proof of his skill and courage on the field. The maneuvers of his command under the terrific fire before mentioned evince that discipline and firmness which are so essential to the glory and success of our arms. Major Drake occupied a most perilous position, but with undaunted courage he cheered on the extreme left under a cross-fire of infantry and a shower of shell and grape. Adjutant Norton was constantly at his post of duty, and showed himself a soldier worthy of his position. Herewith I inclose a list of casualties in the brigade. Maj. S. W. Gross, brigade surgeon, was placed in charge of a depot of wounded, and merits especial praise for the skill and energy with which he treated and provided for th,ose placed under his charge. The medical officers of the different regiments were on the field, giving prompt and skillful attention not only to the wounded of our own but of other commands. Our loss is: killed, 23; mortally wounded, 12; severely wounded, 84 slightly wounded, 12t~f I beg leave to make special mention of Mr. Rodig, hospital steward of the Fifteenth Ohio, whose industry and attention to the wounded *But see revised statement, p. 106 Page 317 CHAP. XXII.] PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 317 excited general admiration, and of Mr~ Corey, hospital steward of the Forty-ninth Ohio, who rendered important service. To the members of the brigade staff I am under great personal obli- gations for valuable suggestions on the field. Capt. Henry Clay, assist- ant adjutant-general, active and prompt in the performance of duty, gave exhibitions of genius and courage worthy of his ancestors. Lient. William C. Turner, senior aide-de-camp, fully comprehended the respon- sibilities of his position, and bore my orders to every part of the field with the greatest alacrity, being exposed throughout the day to the most fearful dangers. Lieut. E. A. Otis, junior aide, though indisposed, kept the saddle, and has my warmest thanks for his activity in bearing orders and for his valuable assistance in the midst of the hottest fire. Accidentally in command of the brigade, I disclaim any credit for its brilliant success on this memorable field. Unfortunately for the com- inand, Brigadier-General Johnson was at home, prostrated with sick- ness. But to the thorough discipline and rigid study exacted by him from his officers and. men we are indebted for the success and heroic bearing of the command and the honorable I)age it has won in history. In behalf of the brigade I must thank General McCook fbr the labor and energy he has shown in bringing his division to that state of (us- cipline and skill which renders it at once an honor and an ornament to the armies of the republic. All of which is respectfully submitted. Very respectfully, & c., W. II. GIBSON, Capt. DANIEL MoCoox, Colonel, Commanding Sixth Brigade. Assistant Adjutant- General, Second Division. No. 98. Report of Col. August Willich, Thirty-second Indiana Infantry. FIELD or SHILOR, April 10, 1862. Su~: I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Thirty-second Indiana Regiment in the battle of the 7th instant: The regiment arrived at 10 a. m. at Pittsburg Landing and marched up the hill, where it received oi-ders front General Grant to start imme- diately for the field of action. The regiment marched as fast as possi- ble, and having received no special direction, took its course to the heaviest firing. Having arrived at the line of battle, General MeCook ordered the regiment to form the reserve of the center of his division, and in case the enemy should throw our lines, to advance and charge bayonet. The regiment took its position about 200 yards in the rear of the second line of battle. About this time, neither party advancing nor retreating, I asked General McCook for permission to pass with the regiment to the front and make a bayonet charge, which was granted. The regiment formed into double column to the center, marched up about 200 yards toward the enemy, when he turned and retreated, without stopping to receive the charge; after which the regiment was deployed into line of battle, to give him the benefit of all our rifles. The whole division then advanced for some time. The Thirty-second formed into the double column to the center again, and two companies deployed as skirmishers in advance, until General Beauregard in person brought u Page 318 31.8 KY., TENN., N. MISS., N. ALA., AND SW. VA. [CHAP. XXII. his reserve against our forward movement, when, by bad management in our squeezed-up position, our skirmishers received fire from regiments behind, right and left, putting them in immense danger, which caused them to retreat in a hasty manner, when they should have retreated slowly and firing, and bringing disorder in the whole regiment for a few moments, forcing the commander to order a retreat into a ravine, where it wa& formed again in double column to the center, and imme- diately marched up to charge the enemy once more, supported by only one regiment on its left wing. After having advanced for some thue in this formation the regiment was deployed in line of battle, made a charge with the bayonet, and succeeded, after short and heavy firing, to check the enemys advance till re-enforcements came up, which, supported by batteries, fell on both flanks of the enemy, when the whole of our force advanced again and threw the enemy back finally; the Thirty-second Regiment, making his last advance, with four companies deployed as skirmishers, and double column to the center following. Then the regiment advanced on the line of the enemys retreat for over a mile, where the complete exhaust- ion of the men obliged me to give them some rest. Here I received orders to rejoin the division near the Landing, but not succeeding in finding the Sixth Brigade, the regiment bivouacked in an open field, coming up with the brigade the next morning. I cannot but mention honorably the gallant and skillful conduct of my lieutenant-colonel, You Trebra, particularly in leading the skirmish- ers; of my major, Schnackenberg, in commanding the left wing of the skirmishers and in forming the regiment when it was thrown into con- fusion by the fire from our own regiments; and of my adjutant, Lieu- tenant Schmitt, for the coolness and activity with which he supported me in every way and manner; also of all the company officers, without a single exceptiomi, for their courage and skill in performing their re- sp ective duties and of the iion.eommissioned officers and men, with a very few single exceptions, for their bravery and coolness mu the hottest fire. As a proof of the latter I will mention that when, during the last charge, they fired at too great a distance, I stopped the firing amid practiced them in the manual of arms, which they executed as if on the parade ground, and then reopened deliberate and effective fire. It was a very unhappy accident for the regiment that the ambulances had been left behind at Savannah and that I was ordered so rapidly to time scene of action that my surgeon could not follow, which obliged me to weakeii my command considerably by havmng the wounded car- ried to the hospitals by their comrades. Lieutenants Cappell and Borek, against whom I had to prefer charges, behaved so gallantly, that the whole regiment would feel gratified if those charges could be withdrawn. I also feel bound to express my thanks to the chaplain of the regiment, Dr. Fischer, who is also a skillful surgeon, rendering most effective services, and without whose assistance our distinguished surgeon, Jean- coim, would not Imave been able to procure the wounded all the help they needed. I inclose a list of the killed and wounded.* Of those reported slightly wounded, 21, after having their wounds dressed, returned to the regi- ument, to do such service as they were able to do. I have the honor to remain, your most obedient servant, A. WILLICH, Colonel, Commanding Thirty-second Regiment. Colonel GIBSON, Comm an ding Sixth Brigade. _______ _____ E mhodied in revised statement, p. 106 Page 319 CHAP. Xxiii PITTSBURG LANDING, OR SHILOH, TENN. 319 No. 99. Report of Col. Thomas J. Harrison, Thirty-ninth Indiana Infantry. SIR: On the 7th instant the Thirty-ninth Regiment of Indiana Vol- tinteers was the last of your command to disembark at Pittsburg Land- ing. At 10.30 oclock, guided by the din of battle, we moved upon the field, after being placed in position by yourself. At 11.30 oclock we moved in line of battle under a galling fire, driving the enemy for a quarter of a mile. Finding our left greatly exposed and in danger of being outflanked, we fell back 150 yards in good order, keeping up a constant fire, when we again advanced under a heavy fire for a quarter of a mile, driving the enemy before us, when the rout became universal, we capturing and turning over 15 prisoners. I regret to announce that Lieut. William R. Phillips, of Company D, fell early in the action at his post. Lient. Gabriel Woodinansee, of Company K, also received a wound which is thought to be mortal. Many non-commissioned officers and privates were carried off the field dead or wounded, a list of which is herewith furnished.* I take pleas- nre in referring to the brave and cool conduct of Maj. John D. Evans, with all the company officers present. The non-commissioned officers and privates generally exhibited a deportment worthy of heroes. There were, however, a very few excel)- tions, who will be left for punishment to the contempt of their brave Comrades. THOS. J.