TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 6 AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1882 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B Title Page Page R001 (9 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL I~ECOIRDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR, BY BVT. LIEUT. COL. ROBERT N. SCOTT, THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY, AND PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED JUNE 16, 1880. SERIES IVOLUME VI. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1882 Page R002 /1 LIBRAR Page R003 PREFACE. By an act approved June 23, 1874, Congress made an appropriation to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confed- erate Armies, and directed him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations for continuing such preparation have been made from time to time, and the act approved June 16, 1880, has provided tor the printing and binding, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a compilation of the Official Records (Union and Con- federate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number, 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive Departments~~ * This compilation will be the first general publication of the militaxy records of the war, and will embrace all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. Volume I to v distributed under act approved June 16, 1880. The act approved August 7, 1S8~, provides that The volumes of the official records of the war of the rebellion shall be distributeA as follows: One thonsai~d copies to the executive departments, as now provided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organizations, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty- seventh Congress Each Senator shall designate not exceeding twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the pub- lication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Delegates shall inform the 8ecretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per sent. added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives or Delegates, who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuak. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the series heretofore published halve not been furnished to such ibraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whoa. instance the volumes are sent. II Page R004 Iv P1~EFACE. The publication will present the records in the following order of arrangement: The 1st Series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Con- federate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all military operations in the field, with the correspond- ence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and several theaters of operations ~(in the chronological order of the events)~ and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be imme- diately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, & c., not embraced in the ~~reports~~ proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The 2d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners. The 3d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate officials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General-in Chief and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State authorities. The 4th Series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and confederate authorities given in that series. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Major, Third Art., and Bvt. Lient. Gol. WAR DEPARTMENT, August 23, 1880. Approved: ALEX. RAMSEY, Secretary of War Table of Contents Page R005 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER I. Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. December 20, 1860April 14, 1861 1117 CHAPTER H. The secession of Georgia. January 326, 1861 318125 CHAPTER ill. The secession of Alabama and Mississippi. January 420, 1861 326110 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31, 1861 111473 CHAPTER V. Page. The secession of North Carolina. Jan uary 9May 20, 1861 474488 CHAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January 10 February 19, 1861. 489501 CHAPTER VII. Operations in Texas and New Mexico. February 1June 11, 1861 502636 CHAPTER VIII. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri February 7-May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Page. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. April 16July 11, 1861.. 11012 VOLUME III. CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10 November 19, 1861. 1749 VOLUME IV. CHAPTER XI. Page. C1IAPTE11 XIII. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Operations in North Carolina aud South- Arizona. June 11, 1861February 1,1862. 1174 eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861Jan- CHAPTER XII. nary ii, 1862...... 566721 Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861 .... 172-565 I VOLUME V. CHAPTER XIV. Page. Operations in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and West Virginia. August 1, 1861March 17, 1862- 11106 VIVOL. V Special Index Page R006 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. Operations on the coasts of Soutli Carolina, Georgia, and Middle and East Page. Florida. August 21, 1861April 11, 1862 - -. 1435 CHAPTER XVI. Operations in West Florida, Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi, and Louisiana. September 1, 1861May 12, 1862... 436894 Additions and Corrections Page A001 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION: A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL ItECO1~DS (A JIlL UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. ADI)IT1ONS AND CC)B.RECTIONS TO SERIES I VOLUME VI. (To be inserie(l in the voliurie. iFor explanation ~ee General In(lex ~ olunie, Serial No. 130, raze XX VIII.) PUBI IIII I) UNJ)LIJ LIlE IJIRECTION OF The Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of War, BY BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTII, CHIEF OF TILE RECOEI) ANI) PENSION OFFICE, W~1J I)Eu~JIriwNT, ANI) MR. JOSEPh W. KIRKLEY. Mr. JOHN S. MOOBEY, Indexer. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 190 Page A002 2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. TEXT. Page i. First foot-note, for Vol. z, Series IV, read Series I, Vol. 53, ~5. 176. Page 7. Fifteenth line, bottom, for I. H. Sc,-evens readJ. H. Screvens. Page 9. Twenty-second line, top, for by read be. Page io. Nineteenth line, top, for I. Reads read Jacob Reads. Page iS. Erase foot-note and insert No/found. Page 86. Erase foot-note and insert See Plate 135B, llliaps 5 and 6, of the Atlas. Page i76. Erase foot-note and insert See Series II, Vol. z, ~5p. 75], 761; also Series III, Vol. I, p. 2]3. Page 192. Sherman to Adjutant-General U. S. Army, seventh line, for breeching read breaching. Page 203. Twelfth line, bottom, for Sal/ketcher read Salkehatchie. Page 256. Wright to Pelouze, ninth line, for AleGists read AJeGirts. Page 277. Claghorn to Cuvler, third line, third paragraph, for ours read one. Page 316. Thirteenth line, top, for Richards read Richards. Page 330. Colcock to Drayton, eleventh line, for /lfikler read Alike/I. Page 351. Taylor to Lawton, date line, for 2] read 26. Page 392. For Paw Paw read Poit Pon, wherever it occurs. Page 421. Erase foot-note and insert See Series I, Vol. 5~, /ji. 227, 228. Page 422. Fourth line, bottom, for Hospers Creek read Hospa Greek. Page 551. Eighth line, bottom, for ~J/assicotts read lilassicots. Page 574. Sixteenth line, top, for Gaptain I)azis commanded at Galcasien Pass read Capt. J. C. Batchelor commanded at (amp Davis, Calcasieu Pass. Seventeenth line, top, for fort read fact. Page 667. Seventh line, top, for p. ~zr read p. 823. Page 669. Seventh line, bottom, for p. 521 read p. ~ Page 673. Fifth line, top, for November 919, 1862, read November 919, 86,. Ninth line, top, for pp. s~s, 552, 555, 559 read pp. 625, 6]6, 652, 6~8. Page 677. First foot-note, for See Series III, Vol. i, p. 58o, read Series I, 1/0/. 53, p. 507. Second foot-note, for p. 5]8 read p. 637. Page 678. Second line, bottom, for I). Andrew read Israel D. Andrews. Last line, for Vol. 2 read Vol. z, p. Szo. Page 736. Lewis to Twiggs, twelfth line, for Sigle read Teazer. Page 739. Seventh line, top, for General read Governor. Page 8i8. Erase foot-note and insert See Series I, Vol. 53, p. ~ Page 820. Bragg to Adjutant-General C. S. Army, first line, for Februa;y read Janna,y. Page 832. Lovell to Benjamin, third line, for Vaidens read Vaiden. Page 847. Lovell to Benjamin, fifth line, for Vaidens read Vaiden. Page 854. Nineteenth line, top, for George Wi//holland Phillzps rea(l George ihlulholland Phillzps. Page S~S. Jones to Jones, second line, for McDowells read MeDonells; twelfth line, for Cropps read Gropps. Page 868. Field return, Army of Mobile, for Boyles read Boy/es. Page 910. Erase Devereux, TV H. [J. G.], and transfer entries to Devereux, I. G. Page 924. Strike out the comma after Isaac and before Smith Page A003 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 3 INDEX. Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that Additions and Corrections to the text should be consulted. Alabama Troops. CavalryCompanies: Jenkins, 725, 750, 751, 762, 792. InfantryBattalions: Conoleys [4th]. InfantryRegiments: 34/8,335,340,346. Allen, Henry W. [Lieutenant-Colonel]. A ,idrew, Henry, U. S. S., iii. Andrews, Israel D. [Andrew, D.]. A agomar, F. H. [Angoman, Mr.]. Avendano [Aveudain] Brothers. Baker, J. Wayles [Judge], 334. Baker, Joshua ~Judge], 560. Barnard, J. C. Mentioned, 6oi [Bernard, Simon, 6ofl. Bartlett, Frank A. [L.]. Ba/eke/or, j. c.,57., [Davis, Captain, 574] .* Bates, F. Henry [Lieutenant]. Batty, William, Sloop. See William Batty, Sloop. Belger, James [A.]. Bell, T.J. [I.]. Benachi, Nicholas Al. [Benochi, Mr.]. Bennett & Larges [Surges]. Bidwell, Daniel [David] D. Boutelle, Gharles 0. [C. A.]. Breckinridge, General, C S. S. [R. J. Breckin- ridge, C. S. Gunboat]. Brenlzoltz [Brenholts], Thomas S. Biice [Brien], J. Brosnakam, John [Brosenham, Mr.]. Bi nggemann, A. F [Bruggermano, Sergeant]. Burthe [Burtbeb], Victor. Burton, IV, Steamer,54z,542, 6zi, 612. Carr, John F. [Captain]. Chichester, Charles E. [Captain]. Clark [Slark], Stauffer & Co. ClonI, Georges Charles [Clouet, Captain]. Confederate Troops. [CavalryRegiments: 15th, 835.] Connor, Daniel C. [Coxswain]. [Cooper, E. Reports of bombardment of, and casualties at, Fort Pulaski, Ga.,April b-u, 1862, u6~, u66.] Cooper, George E. Reports of bombardment, etc., Fort Pulaski, Ga., April iori, 1862, z6g, i66. Cosgrove, P. Cottrill, William [Captain]. Crews,J. [I.] V. Cunningham, F. [Lieutenant]. Davis, Joseph R. Dawson, El. [I.]. De Ford, Ben, Steamer, 96, 123, 49, i8o, 193,194,244, 388. Devereux, J . G., 910.* Dilworth, W.S. Correspondence with Smith, R.L. [S.]. Dunham,Joseph L. [Captain]. Dupeire, St. L. [Dupierre, Captain]. Duryca, Robert 5. [Colonel]. Edings [Eddings],J. V. Elliott, William (Dr.), [29]. Flliott, William (Beaufort Art.), 29. Fairbanks, C B. [Acting Master]. Farr, Mr., jgo; Farr, Major, [330]. Florida, Steamer (Armed C. S. Steamer), 790,800. Florida, Steamer (Blockade-Runner), [no, Soo]. Florida, Department of (U.). Merged into Department of the South, ~ Florida Troops. ArtilleryBatteries: Coast Guard (Simmons), 371. CavalryCompanies: Amos, 835. InfantryCompanies: Walton Gnards, 725, 750, 762, 792, 869. Fox, Gustavus V. [A.]. Frost, George H. [Lieutenant]. Fuieon, U. S. Transport, 68z, 709; Fulton, C S. Steamer, [68u, 709]. General Breckinridge, C. S. S. [R. J. Brcckiu- ridge, C S. Gunboat]. George Washington, Steamer [Ship]. Georgia Troops. InfantryRegiments: 1st (Regulars), [277]. ist (Volunteers), 277. Gray, Alfred G. [Captain]. Guirot, A .1. [Mr.]. Haden, J. M. [Hayden, Surgeon]. Hale, F. B., U. S. S., ~8, 6o, 152. Harrison, Burton N. [H.]. Hawkins, George S. [Judge]. Heath, Mrs. [Mr.]. Hyllested, Charles [W.]. L (7 Landis, Tug-boat, ~ 6iz, 612. Ivy, C. S. S. [Joy, Steamer]. Ivy [Fry], Edward. Mentioned, 515 [Ivey, Edward, 515]. Jackson, Stonewall, C. 5.5., 522,529, 6o~, 612. Jones, Robin Ap C. Jones, Samuel. Correspondence with Myers, T. [F.] J. Kane, Pierre [Perry] C. Kelly [Kelley], AD. Kock [Koch], Charles, & Co. Landis, L C., Tug-boat. Lanier, W. L. Mentioned, 574,597 [Lance, W. L., 574] [Lamar, Major, 597]. Law, Charles [Corporal]. Leake, Andrew K. [Lieutenant]. Louisiana Troops. Artillery, LightBattalions: Washington (Batteries),5th, 647,837,847. Artillery, Lzg-htBatteries: [Beauregard,* 553.] Gibsons, [*] Orleans Guard [Orleans,*]. Saint Marys Cannoneers, [*]. [Washington,* 647,837, 847.] CavalryCompanies: Wilson Rangers (State Militia) [W11- soI1,s,*] Page A004 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Louisiana TroopsContinued. Infantry Regiments: Morelionse (State Mi/i/ia), 8~i. Lore/i, General, G. S. S., 612. Lucas, J. Jonathan [Thomas E.]. Dinah [Lynch], E. MeCan & Hap-re/i [Harrold]. McDonald, Mars/ia/i [Lieutenant]. McKav,James Jr. ~ McKay, Janies, [342]. Mafftt [Maffit], John N. Mann, G. H. [Lieutenant]. Marks, D.H., 571. Marks, Washington, 57/. Memminger, Christopher [Charles] C. Alit/er, If ~ii/iam [Tullen, LieutenantColonel]. Mississippi. Military departments embracing, 738, 78o, 785. Moise, F. (V. [ ]. Murdaugh, F. N. [M.]. Myers, 7homas [F.] J. Nachon, Francis [Rev. Father]. Nelson, P. H. New Orleans, La. Capture, etc., of. Testimony of Brice [Brien], J. Ivy [Fry], Edward. Paifrey, E. A. [F.]. Szymanski, L, 579. Operations against, etc. Reports of Stezenson [Stephenson], John A. New York Troops. EngineersRegiments: ~oth, 172. InfantryRegiments: [50th.] North America, Ship [Steamer]. North Carolina Troops. InfantryRegiments: 37th, 316. Noyes, A. B. [Captain]. Palfrey, E. A. [F.]. Patton, Isaac (V. [Captain]. Pemberton, John C. Correspondence with Tilton, N. 0. [C.]. Phi//i~s [Philips], George M. [W.]. Pinoia [Fanola], U. S. S. Pia//smier, J. T. [Plazuier, Captain]. Pont, Francis [Rev. Father]. Port Royal Ferry, Coosaw River, S. C. Engagement at, Jan. m, 1862. Reports of Brenhoitz [Brenholts], Thomas S. Potomac, U. S. Frigate, 110. Prioleau,J. Ford [Dr.]. Pulaski, Fort, Ga. Bombardment and capture of, April moli, 1862. Reports of Cooper, George E. Ransom [Ranson], Dunhar R. Rawle, Fdward (V [Captaimi]. Read, Jacob, 9, z6 [J. P. W., 916]. Richardson, Simon P. [Major]. Ross, Archibaid Patrick G. [A.]. Saint Andrews Bay, Fla. Affair at, April 7, iS6s. Report of R. L. [S.] Smith. Sammis [Sannius], John S. Samita Rosa Island, Fla. Recoimnaissammee on, March 2731 [2729], 1862. Scanlami, Ghar/es A. [Lientenamit]. Schaefer [Schafer], Charles. Scott, (Vinfleid, Steamer, ~. ~, i86. Semumes, 0.J. [lieutenant]. Sii,ions [Simusons], S. S/oscman [Slonman] , II. mV. Sm i/h, Isaac, U. 5. 5., 83. Smith, R. L. [S.]. South Carolina. Military departusents emabracimig, 267, 132. South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, Dept. of. Des ip-nated Department of S. C. and Ga., /32. Son/h (aroiina and Geo;gia, Department of. Lons/it n/ed, 132. South Carolina Troops. ArtilleryBattalions: is/h (Lncas), 326. Lamars, 326, 386, 389. ArtilleryBatteries: Gist Gnard ((hichester), 389. [Lamars, 326, 389.] Vigi/ant Rifles (Mi/i/ia), 326. Waccamazo (Ward), 426. Washingtomm, [426]. Artillery, HeavyRegiments: 3d, s8~, 361, 381. CavalryBattalions: [Neshitts, 383, 426.] InfantryBattalions: [Lucas, 326.] Pee Dee (Nesbit, R.), 36!, 126. InfantryCoumpanies: [Chichmesters,* 389.] [Vigilant Rifles, 326*] InfantryRegiments: 1st Rifles, 353. 12th, [361, 384]. MiscellaneousLegions: Han/ces [Harlees]. [Pee Dee,* 361.] Stevens, Isaac I. Correspondence with Brenho/tz [liremiholts], Thomas S. Stevenson [Stephenson], John A. Mentioned, 8i6 [Stephenson, Mr., 816]. Szynsanski, Ignatius. Testimony of C~ap/nre, etc., ofAew Or/cans, 579. Taylor, Lan/s [Lewis] B. Teazer, Steamer, 736.* Ti/ford, R. H. [Telford, Actimig Master]. Tiltoim, N. 0. [C.]. Tottemi, Joseph C., 6oz [Pattoim, Gemmeral, 601]. Walworth, Mansfeid Tracy [Mr.]. Wa/worth, Reuben Hyde, 729. Washington, George, S/ca moer, 715, 716. Webb, (Vii/iam H., S/coiner, 6gi, 809. Wi/icoxon [Willeoxeim], johmm B. Willis, Francis F [Dr.]. Wimmuenmore, Isaac [J.] T. Withers, Robert [R.] W., Jr. (Vood, Maria A., U. S. Schooner, soo, 659. Tonmans, Leroy F [Lientemmant]. Page 1 CIIAPTEPL X~. OPERATLOiNS ON THE COASTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, AIND MIDDLE AND EAST FLORIDA. August 21, 1861April 11, 1862. SUMMARY OP TilE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. Aug. 21, 1861.Brig. Gen. Roswell S. Ripley, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of South Carolina. * Brig. Gen. John B. Grayson, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of Middle and East Florida. Get. 10, 1861Brig. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army, assigned to eommand of the Department ofMiddle and East Florida. (Revoked.) 21, 1861 .The expedition under command of Brig. Gen. Thomas XV. Sherman, U. S. Army, sails from Annapolis, Md., for the South Carolina coast. 22, 1861.Brig. Gen. James H. Trapier, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of Middle and East Florida. 26, 1861. Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of Georgia.t 29, 1861.The Sherman expedition sails from Hampton Roads, Va. Not. 5, 1861.The coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida, consti- tute(1 a department, under command of General Robert E. Lee C. S. Army. 7, 1861.Forts Beauregard and Walker, Port Royal Bay, S. C., captured by U. S. Navy. 8, 1861.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Dc- partm~nt of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida. Reconnaissance on Hilton Head Island, S. C. 1011, 1861.Expedition from Hilton Head to Braddocks Point, S. C. 16, 1861.Capt. D. N. Ingraham, C. S. Navy, assigned to duty in Charleston Harbor, S. C. 24, 1861.Union forces occupy Tybee Island, Ga. Dec. 6 7, 1861.Expedition to Port Royal Ferry and Beanfort, S. C. 17, 1861.Evacuation of Rockyille, S. C., by the Confederate forces. Skirmish on Chisoims Island, S. C. 20, 1861.Stone fleet sunk at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, S. C. Jan. 1, 1862.Engagement at Port Royal Ferry, Coosaw River, S. C. 11, 1862.The Departmeat of Key West, FIn., constituted, under command of Brig. Gen. John M. Braunan, U. S. Army. * On the 27th of May, 1861, Brig. Gen. G. T. Beauregard, being relieved from duty in the State of South Carolina, relinqnisbed to Governor Pickens the command of the State volunteer forces, and transferi~ed to Col. R. H. Anderson the command of the Confederate forces in Charleston Harbor and its vicinity. See Beauregard to Pickens, May 27, 1861, Vol. I, Series IV. He had been commanding the District of Savannah, Ga., since April 17, 1861. 1 U UVOL. Y Page 2 2 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Jan. 16, 1862.Naval descent upon Cedar Keys, Fla. 20, 1862.Second stone fleet sunk at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, S. C. 2225, 1862.Expedition to Edisto Island, S. C. 2628, 1862.Reconnaissance to Wilmington Narrows, Ga.; naval engagement. Feb. 6, 1862.Reconnaissance to Wright River, S. C. 10, 1862.Skirmish on Baruwells Island, S. C. 11, 1862.Edisto Island, S. C., occupied by Union forces. 15, 1862.Action at Venus Point, Ga. 2326, 1862.Reconnaissance on Bull River hnd Schooner Channel, S. C. 28, 1862.Florida expedition sails from Warsaw Sound. March 3, 1862.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, called to Richmond, Va. 3, 1862.Amelia Island, Fla., evacuated by the Confederate forces. 4, 1862.Amelia Island, Fla., occupied by the Union forces. 4, 1862.Maj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida. 7il, 1862.Reconnaissance up the Savannah River and to Elba Island. 12, 1862.Jacksonville, Fla., occupied by the Union forces. 13, 1862.General Robert E. Lee charged with the conduct of military operations in the armies of the Confederacy. 14, 1862.Maj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of South Carolina and Georgia. Brig. Gen. James H. Trapier, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of Middle and East Florida. 15, 1862.The States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida constituted the Department of the South, to be commanded by Maj. Gen. David Hunter, U. S. Army. 19, 1862.Col. W. S. Dilworth, Florida, assigned to the command of tlio Department of Florida, vice Trapier, order~d to Alabama. 1924, 1862.Reconnaissance on May River, S. C. 20-24, 1862.Operations near Bluifton, S. C., including affairs at Buckiagham and Hunting Island. 23, 1802.Affair at Smyrna, Fla. 28, 1862.Reconnaissance near the month of Saint Augustine Creek, Ga. 29, 1862.Affair on Edisto Island, S. C. 3031, 1862.Affairs on Wilmington and Whitemarsh Islands, Ga. 31, 1862.Maj. Gen. David Hunter, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of the South. April 5, 1862.Occupation of Edisto Island, S. C., by the Union forces. 7, 1862.Major-General Pembertons command extended over Middle and Eastern Florida. 8, 1862.Brig. Gen. Joseph Finegan, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the Department of Middle and Eastern Florida. 9,1862.Jacksonville, Fla., evacuated by the Union forces. 10, 1862.Skirmish near Fernandina, Flu. 1011, 1862.Bombardment and capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga. NOVEMBER 7, ~8G1.Capture of Forts Beauregard and Walker, Port Royal Bay, S. C., by the United States Navy. I~EPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. Army, with proclamation. No. 2. Brie. Geu. Thomas F. Drayton, C. S. Army, of the bombardment of Forts XValker and Beauregard. No. 3.Col. John A. Wagener, First Artillery, South Carolina Militia, of the bombard- ment of Fort Walker Page 3 CHAr. XV] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 0 U No. 4.Col. William C. Heyward, Eleventh South Carolina Infantry, of the bombard- ment of Fort Walker. No. 5.Col. W. D. De Saussure, Fifteenth South Carolina Infantry, of the bombard- ment of Fort Walker. No. 6.Maj. Francis D. Lee, South Carolina Engineers. No. 7.Capt. Josiah Bedon, Eleventh South Carolina Infantry, of the bombardment of Fort Walker. No. 8.Capt. D. S. Cauaday, Eleventh South Carolina Infantry, of the bombardment of Fort Walker. No. 9.Capt. C. D. Owens, Assistant Commissary of Subsistence C. S. Army. No. 10.Mr. H. T. Baya, clerk in Confederate Subsistence Department. No. 11.Col. R. G. M. Danovant, Twelfth South Carolina Infantry, of the bombard- ment of Fort Beauregard. No. 12.Capt. Stephen Elliott, jr., Beaufort Artillery, of the bombardment of Fort Beaure ard. No. l3.Statemeat of Messrs. John Tuomey and henry C. Robertson of occurrences at Beaufort, S. C., November 7 an(1 t3, 18G1. No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. Thomas TV. Sherman, U. S. A., with proclamation. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. 0., November 8, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that the force under my command embarked at Annapolis, Md., on the 21st October, and arrived at Hamp- ton Roads, Va., on the 22d. In consequence of the delay in the arrival of some of our transports and the unfavorable state of the weather the fleet was unable to set out for the Southern coast until the 29th, when, under convoy of a naval squadron, in command of Commodore DuPont, and after the most mature consideration of the ob,jects of the expedition by that flag-officer and myself; it was agreed to first reduce any works that might be found at Port Royal, S. C., and thus open the finest harbor on the coast that exists south of Hatteras. It was calcu- lated to reach Port Royal in five days at most, but in consequence of adverse winds and a perilous storm on the day and night of the 1st November the fleet arrived at Port Royal bar not till the 4th, and then but in part, for it had been almost entirely dispersed by the gale, and the vessels have been straggling in up to this date. The transport steamers Union, Belvidere, Osceola. and Peerless have not arrived.. Two of them are known to be lost, and it is l)robable that all are. It is gra~ifying, however, to say that none of the troop transports connected with the land forces were lost, though the Winfield Scott had to sacrifice her whole cargo and the Roanoke a portion of her cargo to save the lives of the regiments on board. The former will be unable to again put to sea. The vessels connected with the naval portion of the fleet have also sufThred much and some have been lost. After a careful reconnaissance of Port Royal Bay it was ascertained that the rebels had three field works of remarkable strength, strongly garrisoned, and covered by a fleet of three gunboats, under Captain Tatnall, late of the U. S. Navy, besides strong land forces, which the rebels were concentrating from Charleston and Savannah. The troops of the rebels were afterwards ascertained to have been commanded by General Drayton. One of the forts, and probably the strongest, wa Page 4 4 COASTS OF S. C.., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAP. XV. situated on Hilton H ead, and the other two on Phillips Island. It was deemed proper to first reduce the fort on Hilton Head, though to do this a greater or less fire might have to be met from the batteries on Bay Point at the same time. Our original plan of co-operation of the land forces in this athlck had to be set aside, in consequence of the loss, during the voyage, of a greater portion of our means of dsembarkment, together with the fact that the only point where the troops should have landed was from 5 to 6 miles (measuring around the intervening shoal) from the anchoring place of our transportsaltogether too great a dis- tance for successful debarkation with our limited means. It was there- fore agreed that the l)lace should be reduced by the naval force alone. in consequence of the shattered condition of the fleet and the (lelay in the arrival of vessels that were indispensable for the attack it had to be postponed until the 7th instant. I was a mere spectator of the combat, and it is not my province to render any report of this action, but I deem it an imperative duty to say that the firing and maneuvering of our fleet against that of the rebels and their formidable laud batteries was a master-piece of activity and professional skill that must have elicited the applause of the rebels themselves as a taetical operation. I think that too much praise cannot be awarded to the science and skill exhibited by the flag-officer of the naval squadron and the officers con- 1)ected with his ships. I deem the performance a masterly one, and ought to have been seen to be fully appreciated. After the works were reduced I took possession of them with the land forces. The beautifLilly constructed work on Hilton Head was severely crippled and many of the guns dismounted. Much slaughter had evidently been made there, many bodies having been buried in the fort, and some 20 or 30 were found some half a mile distant. The island for many miles was found strewed with arms and accou- terments and baggage of the rebels, which they threw away in their hasty retreat. We have also come into l)ossession of about forty pieces of ordnance, most of whieh is of the heaviest caliber and the most approved models, and a large quantity of ammunition and camp equi- page. It is my duty to report the valuable services of Mr. Boutelle, [C. A.] as- sistant in the Coast Survey, assisting me with his accurate and extensive knowledge of this country. His services are invaluable to the Army as well as to the Navy, and I earnestly recommend that important notice be taken of this very able and scientific officer by the War Department. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN. Brigadier- General, Commanding. ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C. [Inclosure.] PROCLAMATION. To the People of South Carolina: In obedience to the orders of the President of these United States of America I have landed on your shores with a small force of national trool)s. The dictates of a duty which under these circumstances, I owe to a great sovereign State, and to a proud and hospitable people, among whom I have passed some of the pleasantest days of my life, prompt me to proclaim that we have come amongst you with no feel Page 5 CHAP. XY.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 5 ings of personal animosity; no desire to harm your citizens, destroy your property, or interfere with any of your lawful rights or your social and local institutions, beyond what the causes herein briefly alluded to may render unavoidable. Citizens of South Carolina, the civilized world stands appalled at the course you are pursuing; appalled at the crime you are committing against your own motherthe best, the most enlightened. and hereto- fore the most prosperous of nations. You are in a stateof active re- bellion against the laws of your country. You have lawlessly seized upon the forts, arsenals, and other property belonging to our common country and within your borders. With this property you are in arms and wag- ing a ruthless war against your constitutional Government, and thus threatening the existence of a Governnwnt which you are bound by the terms of a solemn compact to live nuder and faithfi~lly support. In do- ing this you are not only undermining and preparing the way for totally Ignoring your own l)olitical and social existeuce, but you are threaten- in g- the civilized world with the o(lious sentiment that self-government is iull)Ossible with civilized man. Fellow-citizens, I implore you to pause and reflect upon the tenor and the consequences of your acts. If the awful sacrifices made by the dev- astation of our property, the shedding of fraternal blood in battle, the mournimig and wailing of widows and orphamis throughout our land, are insufficient to deter you from further pursuing this unholy war, then l)oflder, I beseech you, upon the ultimate but not less certain results which its much further progress must necessarily and naturally entail upon your once happy and I)rosperous State. In(leed, can you pursue this fratricidal war and continue to imbrue your hands in the loyal blood of your countrymen, your friends, your kinsmen, for no other object thau to unlawfully disrupt the confederacy of a great I)eoplea confederacy established by your own handsin order to set up, were it possible, an independent government, under which you can never live in peace, pros- l)el-ity, or quietness l Carolinians, we have come among you as loyal men, filly impressed with our constitutional obligations to the citizeims of your State. Those obligations shall be performed as far as in our power. But be not (le- ceived. The obligation of suppressing armed combinations against the constitutional authorities is paramount to all others. It in the perform- ance of this duty other minor but important obligations should be in any way neglected, it must be attributed to necessities of the case, because rigim ts dependent on the laws of the State must be necessarily subordi- nate to military exigencies created by insurrection and rebellion. T. W. SHERMAX Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, ~. C., November 8, 1861. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, ililton Head, S. C., November 11, 1861. SIR: In addition to my report of tIme 8th instant, and after a more per- fect examinatiomi into details, I have to state that the number of pieces of orduamice which have fallen into our hands is fifty-two, the bulk of which is of the largest caliber, all with fine carriages, & c., except eight or nine, that were ruined by our fire, which dismounted their pieces. Page 6 C COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. complete inventory of the amount of public property captured is being l)repared and will be duly furnished. Besides the wreck of small-arms, & c., thrown away by the rebels in their hasty retreat, as stated in my last, a lightbattery oftwofine 12-pounderhowitzers has beenfoundtohave been abandoned near the ferry, about 6 miles distant. I have also ascer- tained by examination that the flight of the rebels extended to Brad. docks Point, at the south end of the island, and about 15 miles distant, the fort at that point being deserted and its guns spiked. It has one 10-inch columbiad and two 5k-inch guns. On clearing out the fort at Hilton Head the dead body of Dr. Buist, formerly an assistant surgeon in the Army, was found in one of the gal- leries leading from the terre-plein to a caponiere, he having been killed by the explosion of a shell and buried by the falling in of a parapet. He was the principal surgeon of this fort. The effect of this victory is startling. Every white inhabitant has left the islapd. The wealthy islands of Saint Helena, Ladies, and most of Port Royal are abandoned by the whites, arid the beautiful estates of the planters, with all their immense property, left to the pillage of hordes of apparently disaffected blacks, and the indications are that the panic has extended to the fort on the north end of Reynolds Island, commanding the fine anchorage of Saint Helena Sound. Of this, how- ever, I shall have satisfactory information in a few days. I am now in the occupation of the forts at Hilton Head, the two on Phillips Island, and the one at Braddocks Point. The task of unloading our vessels will be a very slow and difficult operation, in consequence of the extended shallow shores, until wharves can be constructed; nevertheless it is expected to be able to leave here with a large force as soon as our de- fenses are fully under way, to further carry out the grand objects of the expedition. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washingten, D. C. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas F. Drayton, C. S. Army, of the bom bardment of Ports Walker and Beauregard. HDQRS. Pnov. FORCES, THIRD MIL. DIST., DEPT. S. (X, Camp Lee, Hardeeville, November 24, 1861. SIR: I have the honor of presenting my official report of the engage- ment on the 7th instant between the Federal fleet, numbering fifteen war steamers and gunboats, and Forts Walker and Beauregard, upon Hilton Head and Bay Point, at the entrance of Port Royal Sound. The fleet was commanded by Capt. S. F. DuPont, flag-officer of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and the troops on board the transports l)y Brigadier-General [T. XV.] Sherman. The distance between the forts is by Coast Survey two and five-eighths miles. The enemys fleet had been collecting in our waters since the morning of the 4th instant, and had increased in the afternoon to thirty-two war steamers and transports. On receiving a dispatch to this effect from Col. William C. Heyward, commanding the troops at Camp Walker, Page 7 CHAr. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 7 left my headquarters in Beanfort and repaired by steamer to Bay Point, which I reached at 0 p. in., passing on the way the ever-watchful little fleet of Flag-Officer [Josiah] Tatnall, C. S. Navy. After remaining in consultation until 1.30 a. m. with Col. IR. G. M. Dunovant, commandant of the post, I took my departure, leaving him such general instruction as the uncertain mode and direction front which an attack might be expected would permit. I then visited Commodore Tatnall, and after an interchange of views took leave, crossed over to Hilton Head Island, landed there at daylight on the 5th, and immedi- ately dispatched a courier to Braddocks Point, south end of the island, ordering Captain Stuarts company, of Ninth Regiment, to march on Fort Walker, and embark thence to strengthen Captain Elliotts gun- ners in Fort Beauregard. This company did not leave on the 6th, as l)roposed, as Captain Sapard, of the steamer Edith, failed to comply with his orders to carry it across early in the morning. They were dispatched, however, by the first steamer at my disposal on the 7th, and before they had reached half way across the bay they were cut off from Bay Point by the advancing fleet of the enemy, and obliged to seek shelter in Skull Creek, where Captain Stuart disembarked his whole command in safety. On inspecting Fort Walker shortly after my arrival I found twenty guns, of various caliber, mounted upon the ramparts, thirteen of which were on the channel battery, viz, one 10-inch columbiad in the center, flanked to the right by five 32-pounders and one 9-inch Dahlgren rifled cannon, and to the left by six other cannon in the following order: One 32-pounder, one 8-inch columbiad, three 42-pounders, and one rifled 24- pounder; north bastion, one 32-pounder; south bastion, one 32-pounder, one 8-inch howitzer, and one long 12-pounder; south flank of bastion, one navy 32-pounder; demi-lune, two 24-pounders; redan, one navy S-inch howitzer. Of these eight guns one in the north bastion and two in the south flank could occasionally be used against the ships of war. The rest were for the land defense. To man the guns withimi the fort and for an infantry reserve outside we had, until re-enforcements came from Savannah on the afternoon of the 6th, two companies of Colonel Wageners First Regiment Artillery, South Carolina Militia, numbering 152 men; three companies of Colonel Heywards Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, 210 men; four companies of Col. R. G. M. Punovants Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, under Major Jones, 260 men. Total, 622 men. There were stationed on the beach at Camp Lookout, 6 miles off, Capt. I. H. Screvens Mounted Guerrillas, numbering 65, who acted as scouts and couriers. About 9 oclock a. m. of the 5th, Commodore Tatnall, who had boldly attacked the enemys gunboats on the previous day, again gallantly steamed out to exchange shots with them, but he was met by too large a force, and therefore retired slowly behind our forts. The enemy fol- lowed, and engaged both batteries for about forty-five minutes, with no other injury than 3 men slightly burned in Fort Beauregard from the explosion of a caisson struck by a rifle shell. On the 6th instant the fleet and transports, which had increased to about forty-five sail, would probably have attacked us had not the weather been very boisterous. In the afternoon about 4 oclock we received our first re-enforcements from Georgia, 450 infantry, under command of Cap- tain Berry, C. S. Army, and Captain Reads battery of two 12-pounder howitzers and 50 men Page 8 8 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST ELM [CHAP. XV. I have reason for supposing that this assistance would have arrived sooner, for General K iR. Lawton, commanding provisional forces in Georgia, wrote from Savannah to Col. W. C. ileyward on the 4th instant, 8.30 p. in., as follows: From a dispatch received to-day from General Ripley I infer that you (Col. W. C. ileyward) have been sufficiently re- enforced from his command until the plans of the enemy shall be more fully developed. Two hours after the gallant Georgians came to the rescue I received the welcome intelligence that Colonel De Saussures Fifteenth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, 650 strong, had landed at Seabrooks Wharf, upon Skull Creek, and were close at hand. At last the memorable 7th dawned upon us bright and serene, not a ripple upon the broad expanse of water to disturb the accuracy of fire from the broad decks of that magnificent armada about advancing in battle array to vomit forth its iron hail with all the spiteful energy of long- suppressed rage and conscious strength. At 9.25 a. m. one 9-inch Dahl- gren gun opened fire upon the gnu steam ship Wabash, flag-ship of Capt. S. F. DuPont, which led the van, closely succeeded by fourteen other large steamers and gunboats. The shell from the Dahlgren exploded near the muzzle, and was harm- less. Other shots followed from both forts, and soon the fire became general on land and water. In spite of our fire, directed with delib- eration and coolness, the fleet soon passed both batteries apparently unharmed, and then returning delivered in their changing rounds a terrific shower of shot and shell in flank and front. Besides this moving battery, the fort was enfiladed by two gunboats anchored to the north off the mouth of Fish Hall Creek, and another at a point on the edge of the shoals to the south. This enfilading fire on so still a sea annoyed and damaged us excessively, particularly as we had no gun on either flank of the bastion to reply with, for the 32-pounder on the right flank was shattered very early by a round shot, and on the north flank for want. of a carriage no gun had been mounted. After the fourth fire the 10-inch columbiad bounded over the limber and became useless. The 24-pounder rifled cannon was choked while ramming down a shell, and lay idle during nearly the whole engagement. The shells for the 9-inch Dahlgren were also too large. The fourth sh~ 11 attempted to be rammed home could not be driven below the trunnions, and was then at great risk discharged. Thus far the fire of the enemy had been endured and replied to with the unruffled courage of veterans. At 10.30 our gunners became so fatigued that I left the fort, accompanied by one of my volunteer aides, Capt. II. Rose, and went back to Captain Reads battery (one and three- quarter miles in the rear of the fort) anti brought the greater part of his men back to take the places of our exhausted men inside the fort. It was while thus engaged with Captain Reads company that Col. W. II. Stiles rode up and reported his regiment about 2 miles off. I instantly directed my aide, Lieutenant Drayton, to accompany Colonel Stiles to the road along which his regiment was advancing, and to station it in posi- tion by the side of the other Georgia troops. On emitering the fort with Captain Reads company they were cordially greeted by both officers and men. The vigorous attack from the fleet continued unabated, with still no decided damage to any of their ships. About 12.30 p. m. I again wemit out of the fort with my assistant adjutant-general, Captain Young, for the purpose of mustering together the infantry and reserves, and have them in readiness for any eventuality. Before leaving, however, I turne Page 9 CHAP. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS BEAUREGARD AND WALKER. 9 over the command to Colonel ileyward, with directions to hold out as long as any effective fire could be returned. Having mounted our horses, we rejoined the troops near Hospital No. 2. 1 received information through one of the vedettes that a steamer and small boats were sounding close to the beach. I (letached Captain Berry, with three companies of his battalion, under the guidance of Capt. Ephraim Barnard, volunteer aide, to watch the enemy, beat them back if they attempted to land, and give notice if he wanted support. I then, with some of my staff, rode t o collect together the other troops, who, through ignorance of our island roads, had lost their way and had not yet come up. On the road leading to wharf on Skull Creek, about one and one-fourth miles from Fort Walker, I nnexl)ectedly met General Ripley and staff. Saluting him, I inquired if be visited the island to assume command, and whether he wished to go back with me into the fort. He said no, but that he would return to Coosawbatchie to c6llect and bring back two or three regiments to my support. We then moved from under the fire of the ships to the shelter of some myrtles, where we could not be seen. I then stated to him the incidents of the morning; how the men had fought, that the day was going against us, and I was then collect- ing my forces for any emergency that might arise; and, if compelled to defend the island, it should by retained to the last extremity. We then parted, he taking the road toward the ferry and I in pursuit of the pur- poses which brought me out of the fort. On reaching my reserves at Hospital No. 2 I learned that the enemy had ceased making soundings and had gone back to sea, whereupon I dispatched Captain Read to order Captain Berry to return from the beach. Two oclock had now arrived, when I noticed our men coming out of the fort, which they had bravely defended for four and a half hours against fearful odds, and then only retiring when all but three of the guns on the water front bad been disabled, and only 500 pounds of pow(ler in the magazine, commencing the action with 220 men inside the fort, afterwards increased to 255 by the accession from Reads battery. These heroic men retired slowly and sadly from their well- fought guns, which to have defended longer would have exhibited the energy of despair rather than the manly pluck of the true soldier. The defense of this post involved a twofold preparation: first to repel the attack from the fleet, and secondly an assault by the beach from the troops upon the transports. By the beach we had to provide against an attack from the north under cover of the bluff south of Fish Hall Creek, and from the south by the beach under cover of the woods, bet~veen where a 1)icket of 25 men were posted, under Capt. Paul H. Seabrook, and lastly by the road leading from the beach to the second hospital. To guard against surprise either by Fish Hall Creek or by the beach, when I was returning to the fort with a portion of Captain Reads company, 1 at the same time led up Colonel Dc Saussures regi- ment to the hollow west of the road and directed theni to lie down. rrhey were perfectly masked from the fire of the fort, but not from that of the fleet, for the watchmen at the mast-heads gave notice of their position, compelling Colonel De Saussure after a short time to fall back under a heavy fire to a less dangerous locality. Had the intrenched camp, with store-houses and magazines, been made in time several lives and large quantities of public property might have been saved; but it was impossible to have made this within the short time and with the diminutive force at my disposal, for on m Page 10 10 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. arrival at headquarters in Beaufort, on the night of the 17th October, the number of troops at Camp Walker was but 3(52, afterward increased on the 24th to 622 by the accession of four companies under Major Jones, of Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Yoluuteers. To this may be added the engineer force of some 60 men, who, with the soldiers, worked incessantly day and night. As for evidence of what they accom- l)lished: The 8-inch columbiad on the water front was only mounted on the 1st November, one 8-inch howitzer in the salient of the south bas- tion, mounted on the 4th; one 32-pounder on the right flank of bastion, mounted on the 5th; one 8-inch howitzer mounted on a ship carriage; embrasure cut through parapet of demi-lune on the night of the 5th; covere(l way and hot-shot furnace for 42-pounders, constructed of earth and dry masonry, on the morning of the 6th, together with wads of moss and hay for same; splinter-proof, occupying only one-half terre- l)lein behind the principal traverse, was finished on the morning of the engagement (7th instant), the material not having arrived before the 4th instant. The retreat was commenced about 3 p. m. toward Ferry Point, about 6 miles off, Colonel De Saussures regiment and Capt. I. Reads com- pany of artillery bringing up the real. At 1.34) a. in., by the aid of Commodore Tatnalls fleet, I he steamers St. Johns and Edisto, and three large flats, capable of holding 150 men each, the troops were all safely embarked without provisions, no ammunition but what was contained in the cartridge-boxes (the 100,000 cartridges I had made requisition for, and been anxiously expecting, not having reached us until after the battle), and fearing that our retreat would be cut off by the enemys gunboats at Skull Creek, no other alternative was left but to leave the island and concentrate 111)011 the main-land, where we would be enabled to fight the enemy on more equal terms should he venture beyond the protection of his fleet and attack us there. The muskets captured by the enemy, with the exception of some ten or fifteen, were those left in the fort, shattered by shot and shell, others left in camp belonging to men on sick leave, or to those engaged in heating hot-shot furnaces two days before the fight, and some boxes of arms which had been left on the wharf the night before the battle, belonging to the sick men of Colonel l)e Saussures regiment, who had been left behind at Lightwood Knot, and which could have been saved, with a box of swords, if the captains of the steamers Edisto and St. Johns had not refused to take them on board when directed to do so. To Captain Tatnall, flag-officer C. S. Navy, and the officers and men of his little fleet, I cannot too highly express my admiration of their intrepidity and hardihood in attacking the enemys gunboats on the 4th and 5th instants. These encounters, by interrupting their soundings and the location of their buoys, no doubt prevented our being attacked on Tuesday, the 5th instant, before our re-enforcements reached us. I must also acknowledge the assistance extended to us by the gallant commodore with his boats on the night of our retreat from the island. FORT BEAUREGARD. The attack upon the fort, though not so concentrated and heavy as that upon Walker, was nevertheless very severe. Its armament was nineteen guns, of which the following, viz, one 8-inch Rodman, bored to 24-pounder and rifled; two 42-pounders; one 10-inch columbiad; two 42-pounders, reamed to eight inches, and one 32-pounder in hot-shot battery, were the only guns capable of being used against the fleet. The force on Bay Point was 640 men, commanded by Col. II. G. M Page 11 CHAP. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 11 iDunovant, Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. Of the above, 149 garrisoned Fort Beauregard, under the immediate command of Capt. Stephen Elliott, jr., Beaufort Volunteer Artillery, Company A, Ninth licoiment South Carolina Volunteers. The infantry force of Colonel Dunovants regiment was intrusted with the protectioii of the eastern l)art of the island, and of the defense of the bastion line at the Island Narrows, ~vhere an attack was expected from the enemy. Knowing how small a force Captain Elliott had to command his bat- teries, I ordered, as soon as 1 reached Hilton Head, on the 5th instant, Captain Stuarts company (Hamilton Guardsl, Ninth [Company E., Eleventh] Regiment south Carolina Volunteers, to march upon Fort Walker from Braddocks Point, and take thence the steamer Edith for Bay Point, but the failure of Captain Sapard, of the Edith, to fulfill his appointment at the hour designated, prevented me from snpl)orting Captain Elliott as I desired. But on Thursday morning, 7th instant, having obtained the steamer Emma, I dispatched Captain Stuarts com- pans in her to Fort Beauregard. The rapid advance of the enemys fleet, however, to the attack on the batteries cut off and compelled her, at the risk of being intercepted, to turn back an(1 seek shelter in Skull Creek, on the shores of vhich Captain Stuarts company safely disem- barked and joined me in the afternoon; and here again was exhibited aimother act of heroism on the part of our veterami commodore, who to save the Emma interposed his own frail flag-steamer between her and the advancing flag-ship of Commodore DuPont, drawing upon himself her entire broadside, and thus diverting this huge leviathan temporarily from her course, secured the safety of the Emma at the peril of his own vessel. The non-arrival of any re-enforcements at Camp Walker until the night of the 6th instamit also prevented me from sendiivr the four companies of the Twelfth liegimnent South Carolina Volunteers, tinder Major Jones, to the snpl)ort of time other six companies of the reglmnemit at Bay Point. For the details of the engagement at this post, the notable examples of bravery, the general good conduct, their well-timed retreat in the direction indicated by the dotted red lines on the mnap appemmded,* I beg leave to refer you to the official reports of Colonel Dunovant and Cap- taimi Elliott. But amnong the many officers and men honorably noticed on this occasion in the official report of Colonel Dunovant, none of them are so justly entitlcd to well-merited encomium as Capt. Stephen Elliott, the commnanderof the fort. Others may have exhibited an equal amount of cool bravery in front of the foe, but his opportunities enabled him to surpass all his brother officers in the skillful arrangement of his defenses, sul)eL-b condition of his batteries, and iii the high discipline which he had iml)arted to his model company, the creature of his own indefatigable exertions. The delays and dangers incident to the manner in which troops and supl)lies of all kinds were landed at the forts of Port Royal an(l the absence of all means of retreat in case of disaster had attracted my most serious attention immediately after I assumned comnmnami(l at Beau- fort, on the evening of the 7th instant. I immediately took steps for remedying the first and provmdmng for the last. With the (louble object of landing supplies in all weather at Bay Point, and at the same time of furnishing the means of retreat beyond the range of the enemys guns, I directed one of my volunteer aides, Capt. T. li. S. Elliott, to make an examination of the adjacent creeks SNot found Page 12 12 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EASTFLA. [CHAP. XV. to the north of the fort. He reported that about 3 miles from the mouth of Moss Creek there was a depth of water sufficient for steamers drawing 7 feet at low water, and that from thence a cau~way of 300 yards over the marsh might easily be made, and furnish a sure means of transpor- tation, and thus avoid the losses and delays which had previously oc- curred in landing from the steamers into flats upon the beach. From the point above indicated in Moss Creek flats were to have been provided and stationed to convey the soldiers in case of emergency across the creek, thence by land to Station Creek, where other flats were to be placed for the same object as at Moss Creek. Landing at Saint Helena the transit to White Hall Ferry opposite Beaufort was compara- tively safe. On Hilton Head I also commenced repairing the wharf at Seabrooks Landing, on Skull Creek, with a view of transporting stores to Fort Walker when the weather was too boisterous to land them in the surf The completion of the wharf was prevented, however, by the unexpected attack of the enemy, though in its incomplete state it had already been put to successful use. I snccee(led, however, in obtaining from Charleston two flats and two troop boats, and from Savannah three large flats, capable of containing 150 men each, which reached Jenkins Island Ferry in time to assist in embarking our troops on the night of the retreat. Three other smaller ones were sent at the same time to White Ilall Ferry, which assisted in performing the same good offices for Colonel Dunovants command. The rest of the scheme, for want of time and flats could not be carried out in the manner I intended. For the l)ll~l)OSC of sending messages between Forts Walker and Beauregard, and thence to my headquarters at Beaufort, I had prepared, by the assistance of Captain Lynah, another of my aides, a number of signal flags, the designs of which had already been prepared and painted, and only needed a few more days to have been put into operation. In alluding as I have to these matters I do not mean to reflect upon any person, or to say these pressing wants could have been supplied anterior to the period when I entered upon my new (luties. My design has been to exhibit the coiidition in which I found my command, and to show that I have left no effort untried to improve it. Notwithstanding the prompt measures adopted by Colonel Dunovant to effect his retreat in the direction of the Narrows, it is surprising that, with the knowledge possessed by the enemy (through Mr. Boutelle and others connected with the Coast Survey), his retreat had not been inter- cepted by gunboats passing up towards Beanfort, and mine by other steamers taking the passage through Skull Creek towards the ferry landing. Why they did not adopt this course must be left to time to exl)lain. Casualties.The following is a correct list of killed, wounded, missing, and prisoners: a Command. I ~ p a p 0 0~ ~ ~ Fort Walker 10 20 30 Fort Beauregard i3 ii 15th South Carolina 1 15 Sick in hospital 3 3 Command not stated 4 4 Total II 48 3 6 Page 13 CHAP. Xv.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 13 The beads of the quartermasters and commissarys departments, Maj. E. Willis and Capt. C. ID. Owens, have discharged their several duties with economy and fidelity. The reports hereunto appended of these officers and of their assistants show how unwearied and earnest were their efforts to save the public property left at the headquarters in Beaufort. I must likewise make honorable mention of Col. W. C. Hey- ward, Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, who com- manded in Fort Walker and its vicinity, and who during the battle made the best use of the mea~is at his disposal. Col. John A. Wagen er, First IRegiment Artillery South Carolina Militia, supported by Maj. Arthur lxi. Huger, of the same regiment, was placed iii the immediate command of all the batteries, nine of which, upon the water front, were manned by the German Artillery, Companies A arid B, Capts. H. harms and ID. Werner, First Regiment Artillery South Carolina Militia, all of whom fought under the flag of their adopted country with an enthusi- asm which could not have been surpas~cd had they been fighting in defense of their own fatherland. The remaining four batteries on the left flank of the water front were nuder the direction of Capt. Josiah Bedon, INinthi [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. The flanking and rear gnus of the fort were manned by detachments from Captain Bedons, Canadays, and Whites companies, Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolina Volun- teers. lxlaj. F. ID. Lee, South Carolina Engineers and constructing engineer of Fort Walker, not only fought gallantly at the batteries, but affirded valuable assistance at other points in the work during the contest. Capt. Joseph A. Yates, Battalion south Carolina Artillery, and acting ordnance officer, was zealous in the execution of all the duties assigned to him. Toward the close of the fight he was severely wounded, but has since recovered, and is again ready in another field to resist all marauders that may approach our shores. Dr. Ogier and his able as- sistants, Drs. W. C. iRavenel, and William Elliott, a vblunteer from Sa- vannah, Ga., were present, and rendered efficient service in the hospitals. I cannot but regret the painful wound which has been the cause of the resignation of Dr. Ogier as medical director in my military district. In conclusion, I cannot but express my high appreciation of the gal- lant behavior of my aides, Capt. Henry E. Young and Lieut. J. E. I)ray- ton, as also that of the gentlemen comprising my volunteer staff; Capts. L. Cheves, H. Rose, E. Lynah, J. E. Eddings, J. I. Middleton, jr., and Joseph A. Huger. The names of the officers and men not mentioned in my report will be found deservedly mentioned in the official reports of the colonels of regiments, commandants of batteries, and chiefs of the general staff. I have the honor to be, respectfully, yours, THOS. F. DRAYTON, Brigadier- General, ~iJo mmanding. Capt. L. ID. WALKER, Assistant Adjutant- General, Charleston, S. C. llndorsemeut.l HDQRS. Pnov. FORCES, DEPT. SOUTH CAROLINA, Charleston, November 19, 1861. It might be proper to remark upon the within report and some prob- ably inadvertent inaccuracies, or to give a report of movements and orders from these headquarters and instructions given after news wa Page 14 14 COASTS OF S. C., GA. AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAr. XV~ received that the enemys fleet was intended for Port Royal and how they were carried out and followed. I deem, however, that no good would result to the service from a discussion of these points at this time and requesting that, should it be thought proper to publish this report, it should be published with this indorseinent, it is respectfully forwarded. R. S. RIPLEY, Brigadier General, Commanding. No. 3. Report of Col. John A. lVagener, First Artillery, South Carolina Militia, oj the bombardment of Fort Walker. CHARLESTON, November 11, 1861. Sin: In consequence of our fatiguing retreat from the island of Hilton Head I am only now able to render you my official report of that disas- troits day, together with the returns, in part only, as I have not been able to obtain the reports of Captains Bcdon, Canaday, and White, of Colonel Heywards regiment, which I would beg you to receive through Colonel Heyward. On Thursday morning, the 7th instant, the fleet which had been watch- ing us for days began to move in such a manner that I had the long roll beat immediately, and in one and a half minutes every cannoneer was at his post. The armament of the fort was divided into batteries and served as follows, viz: Right channel battery: Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, German Artillery, Coin- pany B, Capt. H. Harms. Center channel battery: Nos. 6, 7, 8, and 9, German Artillery, Company A, Capt. D. Werner. Left channel battery: Nos. 10, 11, 12, and 13, Company C, Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolina Yoluuteers, Capt. Josiah Bedon. rfhese were the front batter- ies, all under command of Maj. A. M. Huger, First Artillery, South Car- olina 1~Iilitia. The flanking and rear guns were manned by detachments from Cap- tains Bedons, Canadays, and Whites companies, Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment, nuder the command of Captain Canaday. The reserve was nuder charge of Captain White. The first gun (32-pounder rifle), which was loaded with a percussion shell, I directed myself; but unfortunately the shell exploded directly in front of the muzzle. The battle opened, I think, a few minutes before 9 oclock a. m. The enemy had chosen a day which was entirely propitious to him. The water was as smooth as glass. The air was just sufficient to blow the smoke of his guns into our faces, where it would meet the column of our own smoke and prevent our sight, excepting by glimpses. The sailing vessels of our opponents were towed by his steamers, and thus could maneuver on the broad expanse of Port Royal with the accuracy ot~ well-trained battalions. No sooner did we obtain his range than it would be changed, and time after time rechanged, while the deep water per- mitted him to choose his oxvn position, and fire shot after shot and shell after shell with the precision of target practice. Most unfortunate for us was the mistake of the engineers, which I had pointed out before the battle, of having failed to establish a battery on the bluff which com- manded our flank. The enemy having taken position in the mouth of the creek exposed us to a raking fire, which did us the greatest damage, dismounting our guns and killing and wounding numbers of our men Page 15 CHAr. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 15 Major Huger reports to me as follows, viz: Up to some minutes after 9 oclock a. m. the firing was very slow, the range being too great. About that time, however, the enemy reached a position in front of the batteries at about one and a quarter miles range at easy speed, delivering a slow but well-directed fire, and evidencing their determination to pass beyond, which I en- deavored by a rapid fire of shell and hot shot to prevent, but the long range and moving objects did not let me succeed. In a few minutes several of the enemys ships paSsed well beyond us. Three of them took position to enfilade our batteries from our northwest flank, while others, which had not yet got into action, assumed direc- tion opposite our southeast front, and their largest ship (the Minnesota) returned down our front, delivering a beautifully accurate fire at short range, supported at rather longer range by the fire of two other large ships of war. So soon as these positions had become established the fort was fought simply as a point of honor, for from that moment we were defeated, excepting perhaps by providential interibreuce. Our guns were fought, nevertheless, with determination and skill, and did a great deal of damage to the enemy. About it oclock it was re- ported to me that the Bay Point batteries had been silenced, whereupon we determined that we would have to fight so much ~arder, and I am proud to say our men were equal to the exigencies of the occasion. Be- tween 12 and 1 oclock I was knocked down by a piece of shell, and a good deal stunned. I sent for Major Huger and transferred the corn- mnand of the fort to him, to enable me to get a few moments rest. By a little after 1 oclock Major Huger informed Colonel Heyward, com- manding the island, that the ammunition was nearly gone. it was thereupon determined by the order of the general commanding to evac- uate the works. Three sections of the German Artillery, under Captain Harms, Lieut. F. Melchers, and Orderly Bischoif, were detailed to con- tinue a slow fire while the wounded were removed, and the garrison was ordered to retreat by dispersion. Near 2 oclock Major Huger ordered the last detachment from their guns. By this time the field in our rear was covered with the shells of the enemy, and it is by the intervention of Gods providence only that not more were lost. The fort was gone, but our honor was saved. Of the channel battery only three guns were in condition to have continued the fight, which would have been hopeless under any circumstances. A retreat was consequently ordered. On reaching Bluifton, the general commanding was kind enough to order our battalion here with expres- sions of approval, for which I respectfully tender him my thanks. I beg leave to inclose you a return of our killed and severely wounded. The slightly wounded have not beemi mnenti~ted, for they mire very numer- ous. rihe general commanding will concur with me that this has been one of the hardest-fought fields on record, and I would be very grateful to him for the public expression of his opinion, to set the tongue of slams- der at rest and encourage our citizen soldiery. I beg leave also respect- fully to bring to his notice the names of the following officers and men who have particularly distinguished themselves by acts of heroism, viz: Major Huger, the bravest of the brave; Licut. [J. E.] Heape, of Captain Bedons company, whom I saw myself save a poor, severely-wounded soldier in the terrible shell-fire of the enemy while crossing the field in retreat; Mr. Ca risen, of the German Artillery, who replaced the Con- federate flag on the rampart in a storm of shot and shell; Private Julius Wagener, a boy only fifteen years of age, who replanted our noble Pal- metto banner on the ramparts, whence it had been shot downI would not have mentioned his name, he being my own son, but for the opinion that he may hereafter become very useful to his country; Private Geil- fuss, German Artillery, who brought away the Palmetto flag, and was otherwise heroically attentive to his duties. I deem, besides, specially deserving the notice of the general command Page 16 16 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. ICHAF. XV. ing Major BarnwelL and Captains Yates and Read, of the Regular Army; Major Lee, of the engineers; Col. Gaston Allen, who kindly acted as my special aide, and my entire staff, who did their duty well. J may further mention as deserving of great l)raise Captain Bedon and his officers and Captain Harms and his officers, Captain Werner and his officers, especially Lieutenant Melchers, who fired the last gun. Private ileidenreich and Corporals Petersen and Stelljes, of the German Artillery, deserve to be praisefully mentioned, likewise several members of the Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment, whose names I have not been able to remember. Captains Canaday and White and their officers, Lieutenant Scanlan, of the ordnance, and Sergeants Cameron and Brnggermann, have also done well. Indeed, where all were heroes, with very few ex- ceptions, it is the voice of our country only which is strong enough to proclaim their ~vell (lone. The entire forc~ in the works consisted of 220 men, as detailed by my special alarm re~lations, and these had to resist an overpowering array of seventeen war vessels, with nearly 400 guns of the best and heaviest caliber. All the guns, as is usual in sand batteries, worked hard, add- ing much to the labor of the men, who had already worked hard and en- joyed little or no rest for several days preceding. I had great reason to be grateful to Captain Reads regulars for their brave and valuable aid. Under the circun~stances of our retreat nothing whatever could be saved by the men. They had been working at the guns iii most cases in shirt sleeves; the sand had covered their knapsacks and muskets, sometimes two or three feet deep, and very few arms were therefore brought off and very few knapsacks and clothing saved. They are entirely destitute, and should be cared for by the state. The officers have also lost all, in some cases even their swords. The Confederate flag was rent into so many shreds that no piece could be found. The Palmetto flag, however, has been brought home, decorated with many a token of the enemys wrath. The battle of Port Royal, it is true, has been lost, but the enemy, I sincerely believe, have I)aid very dear for their success, and we may console ourselves with the conviction that we have not only done our duty manfully under the most terrific circumstances, but that we have for five hours defended a position against the most scientific and bravest seamen which one of our best generals and engineers had pronounced untenabh~. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN A. WAGENER, Colonel First Artillery, S. C. M., late Comndt. Fort Walker. Capt. H. E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant. General. No. 4. Re~~ort ~f Col. William C. ileyward, Eleventh South Carolina Infantry, of the bombardment of Fort Walker. HDQRS. NINTH REomIENT S. C. VoLS.,* THIRD MIL. DIST., DEPT. SOUTH CAROLINA, Camp Lee, November 16, 1861. SIR: On the morning of Thursday, the 7th November, I was placed in command of Fort Walker, Col. J. A. Wagener and Maj. A. M. Huger * This organization is borne on the Confederate registers as the Eleventh Regiment Page 17 CHAP. XV.J CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 17 having the immediate command of the batteries, assisted by Captain Yates and Maj. John Baruwell. The enemy opened fire upon us about 9 a. in., which was briskly returned by us until many of our gnus were either disabled by them or rendered useless by various accidents. The two rifled guns failed, in consequence of it being found impossible to force down the shells, after two or three discharges. The 10-inch gun at the fourth or fifth discharge was rendered useless. Two of the 42- pounders were also rendered useless. About 2 p. in., finding the fire of our batteries had nearly ceased, I inquired of Major Huger where Colonel Wagener was. He informed me that the colonel had been stunned by the bursting of a shell, and that he (Major Huger) was then in command of the battery. On con- sulting with him it was determined that Mr. L. Cheves and myself (Mr. Cheves acting as aide to General Drayton) should proceed to the magazine and inquire into the state of the ammunition. On reaching the door we were met by Lieutenant Scanlan, who reported that there were about ten or eleven rounds for 32-pounders left. On returning and reporting this to Major Huger it was decided that, as we could light no longer with any hope of success, one or two guns should still be served slowly until alt the wounded could be removed, and then to evacuate the fort. This was fortunately accomplished with but little additional loss, and the retreat to Buckingham Ferry commenced. For particulars respecting the officers and men of my own regiment on duty in the fort I refer you to the reports of Capt. Josiah Bedon and Capt. D. S. Canaday. The list of killed and wounded has already been sent in by my adjutant. Colonel Wngeners report, I l)resume, will fur- nish all the necessary information respecting his regiment. I regret that my report should be so short, but without a room for myself, ~vith very little convenience for writing, constant applications for leave of ab- sence, noise and confusion about me, I find it impossible to write more. Yours, respectfully, WM. C. HEYWARD, Colonel Ninth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. Capt. H. E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant- General. Captain Bedon and Lients. J. E. Heape, J. J. Guerard, and W. A. Boyle behaved with distinguished bravery during the whole action. Mr. Joseph A. Huger and Mr. Hugh Rose, aides to General Drayton, rendered great assistance and displayed great coolness. No. 3. Report of (ol. W D. De Saussure, Fifteenth South Carolina infantry, of the bombardment of Fort Walker. CAMP LEE, November 17, 18G1. SIR: In compliance with instructions from the general commanding, I beg leave to make the following report of casualties in the Fifteenth. Regiment South Carolina Volunteers at the battle of Fort Walker, on Hilton Head Island, on the 7th of November, 186t.* 2 R UVOL VI * Nominal list, omitted, shows 2 officers (Lients. Z. E. Snggart and James. Norris) killed, and 2 officers and 12 enlisted men wounded, bnt see statement of casualties ou p. 12 Page 18 18 COASTS OF S. C, GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. As the command was all day under the eye of the general I deem it unnecessary to report its operations during the engagement, but cannot close without bringing to the notice of the general commanding that Col. Randolph Spaulding, of Georgia, atta~hed himself to Company B of this regiment, and knight throughout the day as a private in the ranks. Respectfully submitted. W. D. DE SAUSSURE, Colonel Fifteenth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. Capt. H. E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant-General. No. 6. Report of Maj. Francis D. Lee, South Carolina Engineers. Nnw RIVER BRIDGE, December 4, 1861. SIR: In obedience to instructions I have the honor of submitting the following report of the defenses of Hilton Head up to the time of the bombardment of Fort Walker, November 7, 1861: As Chief of Engineers S. C. A., I received instructions during the month of May, 1861, from General Beauregard, then commanding pro- visional forces in South Carolina, to carry into execution the defensive works on this coast. The general location of these defenses, together with the number and character of guns to be employed, was designated by General Beauregard, and the immediate necessity of the early com- pletion of the proposed works was urged upon those in authority. In the month of June I received au appropriation of $15,000, and with this limited means at my disposal commenced the works at Port Royal, ~Daptain Gregorie, S. C. A., being charged with the construction of Fort Beauregard at Bay Point. Shortly after the commencement of this work Maj. J. H. Trapier, C. S. Engineers, having been charged with the engi- neering work in this State, and by order of the governor having tramis- ferred to Major Trapier the corps then under my command, I was instructed to proceed to Hilton Head and carry into execution the defensive work at that point. I imm& iately on the receipt of this order organized a party of artisans, and leaving Charleston July 1, 1861, reached Hilton Head on the 3d of the same month. The labor necessary for the conduct of the work was to be immediately furnished by the planters of the vicinity, but owing to sonic delays in the issuing of the order no laboring force was put at my disposal for three weeks alter my arrival at Hilton Head. In the mean time I designed and laid out the proposed work, a sketch * of which accompanies this report. The armament of the water front, as or(lered by General Beauregard, consisted of seven 10-inch columbiads and my plans were arranged for such a battery. The interior slopes of the water battery were consequently intended for seven circular traverses against enfilading fire. The labor having arrived, the work was rapidly pressed forward, and by September 1, 1861, was ready to receive its armament. In place of receiving seven 10 inch guns, but one could be procured, together with one 10-inch columnbiad, model bored to a 32- pounder and rifled; oiie 8-inch coluinbiad, model bored to a 24-pounder and rifled; one 8-inch columbiad; nine navy 32.pounders; three navy * To appear in Atlas Page 19 CHAP. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 19 42-pounders; three navy 8-inch howitzers; two 24-pounders ~ two 42- pounder carronades, and two long English l2-pounders. Thirteen of these, viz, one 10-inch columbiad; one 10-inch columbiad, pattern bored to a 32-pounder and rifled; one 8-inch columbiad, pattern bored to a 24- pounder and rifled; one 8-inch columbiad; six navy 32 pounders, and three navy 42-pounders, being in all 13 guns, were ordered to be placed on the water front. This involved the necessity of subdividing the spaces allotted to the guns in this battery, and consequently placing them in such near prox- imity as effectually to prevent the construction of traverses against enfilading fire. The salient of the bastions of the fort on the land side, and also of the demi-lune, were arranged for circular traverses, some of which were sent me; but, the necessary chassis and carriages never having arrived, Iwas forced to make use of two spare carriages, viz, one low navy carriageto suit which aim embrasure had to be cut through the salient of the deini-lune on the eve of the engagementand one bar- bette carriage, the latter of which was placed in the salicut of the south bastion, but with a limited traverse segmemit. Two 8-inch navy howitzers were monu ted on these carriages. The third 8-inch howitzer, intended for the salient of the north bastion, was never mounted, no carriage having arrived for it. Besides these, one navy 32-pounder was mounted on the exterior angle of each bastion, arid one long English 12-pounder, en embrasure, was l)laced in the shoulders, to enfilade the curtain face of the work. One of these last was after- wards removed fdr beach defense. Besides the 8-inch howitzer two 24. pounders, en barbette, were mounted in the demi-lune. For beach defense two heavy shell guns were designated to occupy the two exterior flanking works, which commanded the beach approaches on both sides, and to give a cross-fire on the front of the glacis, or, more properly, cover hice to the water front of the works. In place of these, two light carronades arrived a short time before the bombardment, but without carriages ox chassis. They were therefore simply buried in 1~me sand to such depth and with such directions as to enable us to have at least one fire in the event of an attempt i o storm the work. In addition to these the 12-pounder from the north bastion was placed in such l)Osi- tion as to sweep the beach by the approach from the south. The ditches on the water front not being protected by bastions, I arranged caponieres, constructed of. palmetto logs, pierced .for two tiers of urns- ketry, approached by galleries leading under the parapets from the interior of the fort. These completed the ditch defenses, and enabled us, in the event of the enemy attempting to cross the (litch at any l)oint, to pour in a cross-fire of canister and ball. As a protection to the land batteries of the fort I constructed a heavy traverse longitudinally to the work, and to insure against casualties from shot and shell bursting in the parade I arranged small traverses in rear of each gun of the water battery, sufficiently low, however, as to offer no obstacle to the passage of such shell as might graze the parapet of the water front. It was my purpose to construct a splinter-roof over the entire place of arms between the principal traverse and the curtain of the work, and had ordered all the necessary material for that purpose. My requisitions for a steamer to transport the same some 30 miles were, however, not complied with, and I was enabled to cover in only about one-third of the proper space, and then by bringing ranging timber by hand nearly 2 miles, and by working day and night. The magazine of the work was large and complete, and so protected that, though an enormous amount of shot and shell was fired against it Page 20 20 COASTS OF S. C., GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA~ (CHAP. XV. it remained at the close of the action as strong and secure as before the fight. No permanent hot-shot furnace was constructed, but a portion of the material for one which had been ordered arrived a few days before the action, and from it a temporary one was constructed on Tuesday, November 5. This work was well and rapidly executed by my artisans while nnder the fire of the enemy, and I feel it my duty to call to your attention the cool bravery of Mr. Patterson auud the artisans under him in executing my orders under the most trying circumstances. Besides the above-mentioned temporary furnace a portable one had arrived some time before the bombardment, but of exceedingly limited capacity. Ju connection with the fort it was proper to construct a line of infantry works about 2 miles to the south, and also a battery at the outlet of Skull Creek into Broad River; but, for reasons over which I had no con- trol, these works were never carried into execution. Such was the condition of the defenses at ilulton Head on the morn- ing of November 7, 1861. As an offensive work, Fort Walker proved itself unequal to the immense force brought against it. As a defensive work, it accomplished its purpose by so well protecting the lives of the garrison that after sustaining an incessant fire of shot and shell for nearly five hours but 10 of the garrison were reported killed. This num- ber would, I believe, have been materially lessened had the traverses on the water front been practicable. At the close of the engagement the fort had received but little dam- age, although hundreds of shot and shell were buried in the parapets and traverses. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANCIS D. LEE, Major, Engineers, S. C. A. Capt. II. E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant- General, Iliardeeville. No. 7. Report of Gapt. Josiah Bedon, Eleventh South Carolina infantry, of the bombardment of Port Walker. CAMP LEE, November 12, 1801. SIR: The following, is respectfully submitted as a report of the part taken in the defense of Fort Walker, on the 7th instant, by Company C, of this regiment: The company was posted in the battery at 7.30 oclock a. m. Five guns were assigned the companyone rifled 24-pounder, under my im- mediate charge; three 42-pounders, nnder charge of Lieuts. J. E. ileape, J. J. Guerard, and W. A. Boyle, respectively; one 32-pounder in left bastion of the fort. The rifled gun and the three 42-pounders were on the left front of the fort. Early in the engagement, which commenced about 9.30 oclock a. in., the rifled gun and one of the 42s became disabled. Late in the action another 42-pounder became disabled. The remaining 42 and one 32 poun(ler were served until the ammunition failed. About 2.30 oclock p. m. we were ordered to evacuate the fort. My company retired in good order, bearing with them their arms. Two men were slightly wounded, Privates G. Munroe and T. Hudson, and 3 taken prisoners, who were sick in hospital. I beg leave respectfully to call your attention to the gallant conduct of Lieutenant Heape, who had charge of a 42-pounder until disabled an Page 21 CRAP. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 21 afterwards took charge of a 32-pounder in the left bastion of the fort, as also that of Lieutenants Guerard and Boyle. The sergeants who were chiefs of pieces acted with great coo1ues~ and bravery. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSIAH BEDOX, Gaptain Company C, Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment S. tZl. Vols. Lient. E. W. FRASER, Adjutant Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment S. C. Volunteers. No. 8. Report of Capt. D. S. Canaday, Elerenth South Carolina Infantry, of the bombardment of Fort IVallwr. HDQRS. NINTH [ELEVENTH] REGIMENT S. C. VoLs., Camp Lee, November 12, 1861. SIR: The following is respectfully submitted as a report of the part taken in the defense of Fort Walker on the 7th instant by detachments from Companies F and H, of this regiment, nnder my command: There were six guns under my chargeone 32-pounder on the right flank of the fort, two iu the right bastion of the fort, one a 32-pounder and the other a 24-pounder. The remaining three were in the redan, two 24-pounders and one 32-pounder howitzer. Lients. F. B. Appleby and T. E. Raysor, of Company H, were in charge of the guns in bastion and redan, and acted with coolness and bravery. But two of the guns could be used in the action, as the others could only be used in land de- fense. One 32-pounder was disabled by solid shot early in the engage- ment. The other 32-pounder was served until ammunition gave out. The officers and men acted with bravery and coolness. One private in Company F (Burnett) was killed; Corporal 0. Quin and Privates I. Martin and William Hudson slightly wounded. in Company H were wounded in the arm Corporal E. T. Howell, and slightly in the thigh Private P. Heaton. The remainder of my company and of Company H were acting as infantry outside the fort. Missing from my company (H) Private J. Judah, and from Company F Privates James Bryant and James Colson. We were ordered to evacuate the fort about 2.30 oclock p. in., and the detachment retreated in good order, carrying with them their arms, except those which were shot to pieces by the enemys fire. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. S. CANADAY, tJaptain Company IL Lient. E. W. FRASER Adjutant Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment S. C. Volunteers. No. 9. Statement of Capt. C. D. Owens, Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, C. S. Army. OFFICE A. C. S., THIRD MIL. DIST., DEPT. S. C., Camp Lee, November 23, 1861. SIR: On the morning of the 7th November I received, through Maj. E. XVillis, quartermaster, your orders to report to you at Fort Walker, and accordingly left Beaufort at 5 oclock a. in.; arrived at Fort Walker, Hilton Head, and reported to you at 8 oclock p. m. On the receipt o Page 22 22 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CnxP. XV. your orders to proceed to Charleston with steamer Emma for supplies 1 made the necessary arrangements to do so, and started in a yawl-boat for the steamer Edisto, in order to be transferred to the Emma, then engaged in landing troops at Bay Point. The steamers were compelled by the fire of the enemy to take refuge in Skull Creek, and the steamer Emma I afterwards learned continued on to Savannah. Our , in consequence, was compelled to returil to the island, and I found it impos- sible, for that day at least, to carry out your instructions. Since that time you are aware of all that has transpired in my department. In reference to the stores left at Beanfort I would beg leave to call your attention to the report of my chief clerk, Mr. Baya, a copy of which I inclose. * I feel satisfied that Mr. Baya made every exertion in his power to have the stores removed to a place of safety, and his failure to do so was from causes entirely beyond his control. I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, C. D. OWENS, Captain, P. A., and A. C. S. Brig. Gen. THOMAS F. DRAYTON. Xo. 10. Report of Mr. H. T. Baya, Clerk in Confederate Sabsistenee Department. HARDEEVILLE, S. C., November 23, 1801. SIR: In accordance with your instructions I left Beaufort on Wednes- day morning, in the steamer General Clinch, with provisions, to be landed at Hilton Head and Bay Point. On our way down, having met the steamer John A. Moore, with a portion of the Fifteenth l~egiinent on board, bound for Hilton Head, and unable to continue the passage owing to the severity of the wind, we took the troops off of her on board the steamer General Clinch, and proceeded to Seabrooks Landing, on Hilton Head Island, and landed them. The provisions for that post were also safely landed there. Capt. S. Simmons, the commissary of the post, to whom the provisions were marked, not being at the landing, I sent the invoices to him under care of Capt. E. I Dawson, qna~ termaster of the Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolna Volunteers. At the landing in question I met Capt. C. Tracy, of General Drayton~s staff; to whose attention I called the landing of the provisions. At about 9 p. m. we started on our mission to Bay Point, and laid quietly at anchor about 3 miles from the fort until about daylight the following morning (No- vember 7), when we steamed up to quite near the fort (the usual place of landing,) and began lauding provisions for the point in two lighters. Capt. A. E. Rabb, the commissary of the post, being absent, I sent a messenger to him asking his presence. He soon caine down to the point of landing, when I informed him of the ob~ject of my mission, and hanied him your letter containing invoices. He desired me to hurry with the landing, and he would sign receipts for the goods as soon as he could check off the invoices. In the midst of the landing the fleet of the enemys vessels, which were then at anchor near the bar, appeared to be in motion, and soon after came in and began the fight. On their approach we stopped the landing of provisions, hoisted anchor, and stood towards Beaufort, where we arrived at about 1 ~. m. I there found the people under intense excitement, the mass of whom were making preparations to go to some place of safety on the main-land, they fully believing that the enemy * See No. 10, folLowing Page 23 CHM. XV.J CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 23 would take possession of the town that night. After considerable anxious thought I concluded it would be best to have what stores we had in Beaufort on board of the steamer General Clinch, but in making inquiry as to whether she would take them, I found that the steamer was almost filled with the various and voluminous properties of the citi- zeus, who were eagerly taking advantage of any and every method to get their things away; and, again, the supply of wood was very short; so much so, that the captain of the boat had to knock down the whole line of fence extending from the wharf to the street, that lie might take and use it for fire-wood. He did not wish to overload the boat, as it would make it more difficult for him to reach Charleston, almost over- loaded as lie then was, and thus, there being no other mode of moving them, they had to remain as they were. At about 8 p. m. I packed up all of our papers and had them taken oI board of the steamer General Clinch, but soon took them off and had them carried to the quartermasters quarters, determining to remain until the last moment. We had already heard that our troops were retreating, and had been advised by many (who appeared to be con- versautwith the geography of the country) that we had better send any of our valuable articles over on the main-Jand. We still held oii until advised by both Captain Pope and Captain Elliott to go. We packed two carts with both the quartermasters an(l commissarys papers, and I, in company with Mr. CaldweIl, of I he quartermasters department, started in charge of the papers for Pocotaligo. While crossing the town three rockets were fired and the alarm bell was rung to announce the approach of the enemy. This was about 12 oclock, and the alarm was so great that the few remaining in the town imine- diately left, leaving the l)lace quite deserted. On the road out we were passed by several, who informed us that the enemy were making their way up Broad River to cut off communication by Port Royal Ferry to the main-land; but this, like other reports, proved false. We arrived at Pocotaligo about 9.30 or 10 oclock on Friday morning, and remained until Saturday morning, when Mr. Tuomey, of the quartermasters department, and myself started with a mule amid cart for Beaufort, with the determinatien to get away any of the public property that we could, and if we were unable to do so to fire it. Arriving at the ferry, our mule being unfit to take us to Beaufort, we endeavored to procure horses, but were unable to (10 so, and thus returned to Pocotaligo, where I reniained until Sunday afternoon, when, General Ripley offering his special train for our accommodation, with mules, carts, and papers we arrived at ilardeeville, and on Monday, the 11th, reported in person, with papers, to you. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. T. BAYA. Capt. C. P. OWENS, P. A. and A. C. S., Hardeeville, S. C. No. 11. Report of Got. P. C. ilL Dunovant Twelfth South Carolina Infantry, of the bombardment of Port Beauregard. HEADQUARTERS TWELFTH REoJ1~mnxT S. C. VOLS., Camp Lee, Pocotaligo, November 16, 1861. SIR: On the 26th of October last I assumed command of the forces stationed on Bay Point Island, consisting of three companies of th Page 24 24 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XY~ Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment, to wit: The Beanfort Artillery, Capt. Ste- l)hen Elliott; Colleton Rifles, Captain Anderson, and Captain [J. J.] Harrisons company of infantry; six companies of the Twelfth Regi- ment South Carolina Volunteers, to wit, Company A, Captain [XV. U.] McCorkle; Company C, Captain [II. C.] Davis; Company D, Captain [E. F.] Bookter; Company E. Captain flinson; Company F, C~ptaiu [Hayne] MeMeekin, and Company 1, Captain [N. B.] Valandiugham, and a small detachment of Captain Screvens company of Beanfort Guerillas, under Lieutenant Youmans. My staff consisted of Lient. W. H. Talley, adjutant; Dr. E. B. Turnipseed, surgeon; Capt. T. 1. Bell, quartermasi er; Capt. E. A. Rabb, commissary; Rev. C. B. Betts, chap- lain, arid Mr. Robert Chisoim, volunteer on staff. The entire lorce on the island, inclusive of field, staff, and company officers, was 619. Lieutenant-Colonel Barnes,~ of the Twelfth Regiment, was placed in command of the six companies of that regiment and Captaiu Andersons company, then at the Narrows. Captain Elliott was assigned to the command of the work known as Fort Beauregard with his own company and C~iptain Harrisons. The detachment of Captain Screvens com- pany was ordered to report directly to me. Monday, the 4th instant, the enemys fleet made its appearance early in the morning, and crossing the bar came to anchor to the south of and opposite the island but made no further demonstration of an attack on our position during that day. In the afternoon Commodore Tatnall, with three small steamers, attacked the nearest of the enemys vessels, and after sustaining a heavy fire and replying most gallantly, retired slowly np the river. Tuesday morning, in view of the uncertainty of the point and mode of attack, the following disposition was made of the companies of the Twelfth Regiment: Companies A and D were posted in rear of a range of sand hills, distant about 200 yards Ironi Fort Beauregard, for the purpose of protecting that work in case of an attempt of the enemy to land; Con~panies C and E took position near Captain Andersons com- pany at the Narrows, and Companies F and I were held at the camp of the regiment, being about equidistant between the detachments, so as to supl)ort either. Between 7 and 8 oclock Commodore Tatnalls steamers again ad- vanced and engaged the enemy, who met the attack in such numbers and with such weight of metal that the little steamers were compelled again to retreat above the forts. The enemy followed, firing upon the steamers till within range of our guns, when Fort Beauregard joined in the conflict, and drew a heavy fire of shot and shell, principally the latter, upon that work and the other portions of the island occupied by our troops. This engagement lasted nearly two hours, when the enemys fleet withdrew and assumed very nearly its former position opposite our island, which it retained for the remaiiider of the day. The only casualties on our part were those stated in Captain ~ report) herewith transmitted, as resulting from the explosion of a caisson. The unfavorable state of the weather l)revented any further action of the enemy on Wednesday. Thursday morning, however, the wind lulled, and the water was unusually smooth. Of this the enemy availed him- self, and at 8.30 a. m. the fleet of war vessels, headed by what is supposed to have been the Minnesota, bore towards the northwest, till, reaching the main channel, they moved directly towards our batteries. As soon as they came withiii range Fort Beauregard opened upon the vessel in adva.nc~, which, being seconded by Fort Walker and replied to by the enemy, the action became general. About the time of the first move Page 25 CHAP. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 25 ment of the fleet it having been reported to me that barges filled with troops were leaving the transports, which still occupied their position opposite the camp, in anticipation of an attempt to effect a landing in that vicinity, I ordered Companies U and E, which had been withdrawn on Wednesday, back to a point near the earthwork at the Narrows, retaining at the camp the four remaining companies of the Twelfth Itegiment. After, however, having made a careful personal observa- tion of the movements of the enemy, and in view of their steady advance and heavy fire upon the western end of the island, I changed the arrange- inent of the force, throwing the four companies at the camp in the rear of the sand hills before referred to near Fort Beauregard, and withdrew within supporting distance the two companies of the Twelfth at the Narrows. Thus the troops remaiiied for several honrs under a heavy fire of shot and shell, during which they exhibited great coolness and promptness in obedience to orders. Nothwithstanding the protection afforded by the sand hills many shot and shell fell aronud them, but f~rtnnately without inflicting injury of any kind. The batteries at Fort Beauregard were worked with great gallantry, skill, and energy, and the highest praise is due to Captain Elliott and his command for the manner in which they discharged their important trust. About 2 p. m. the fire of the enemy upon our batteries was slackened and redoubled against Hilton Head. A little after 3 oclock it was reported to me by Adjutant Talley that a boat was leavimig one of the fleet for the shore of Hilton Head amid loud cheers from the former an(l that Fort Walker was silent. I at once l)roceeded to Fort Beaure- gard, and, after the colloquies accurately detailed by Captain Elliott in his report, ordered him to make arrangements for retreat from the fort towards the Narrows. I then returned and issued the necessary orders for the evacuation of the island, and the force moved in good order towards the easterii por- tion of the island. The only line of retreat lay across the strip of land known as the Narrows, scarce 50 yards wide and 1, 00() Ion g, to the main body of Eddings Island, which itself is but an extensive swamp, entirely impenetrable save by a trail known to few, and of such extreme difficulty as to preclude the possibility of transporting baggage of any kind beyond what could be borne on the shoulders of the men. Of the character of the route and the consequent impracticability of transportation I had been fully advised, and therefore did iiot undertake the removal ot~ camp equipage, stores, or heavy baggage. Nor did I think it l)rudent to destroy such property by fire, inasmuch as the retreat was at best of doubtful feasibility, and the miature of the movement would have been thereby revealed to the enemy, and its success still further jeoparded, if not entirely frustrated. I believe that in consequcuce of the manner in which the evacuation of the island was effected it was unknown to the eiiemy until it had been fully accomplished, and this conviction is strengthened by their failure to take advantage of the entire command of Station Creek and Beaufort River to cut off the retreat at Jenkins Landing, and especially at White Hall Ferry. The body of the command reached the landing at Station Creek and crossed to Dr. Jenkins plantation during the night, and after resting a short time at the latter place resumed the march for Beaufort, where it arrived early Friday morning. The town was deserted by the white population, and no representative of the quartermasters or commissarys departments, or other person in authority, could be found. I was therefore under the necessity of assnmin~ the responsi- bility of taking for the use of the troops such provisions and necessarie Page 26 26 COASTS OF S. C, GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CnAP. XV. as their condition imperatively demanded, and had I known the amount and nature of the stores might have saved much public property, which has probably fallen into the hands of the enemy. I proceeded with the command to Port Royal Ferry, and thence to this place, regarding the latter as an important point of defense, and at the same time one from which I could readily open commnnication to procure the necessary supplies for my command. In consequence of the intricacy and diffi- culty of the line of retreat, some officers and men detained by their duties, lost their way, but all these have since rejoined their respective companies. There is but one man whom I am under the necessity of reporting as missing. As to the particulars of this case I refer you to the accompanying report of the efficient surgeon of the Twelfth Regi- ment, herewith submitted. Some muskets were left, but only those which had been drawn for enlisted men, who were at the time absent by reason of the severe epidemic which had thinied our ranks during the previous month. No soldier threw away his arms. In regard to the manner in which the retreat was arranged and effected, justice to myself and others requires that I should add a word of explanation. Having received no instructions as to the mode in which the island of Bay Point should be defended, nor of the contingencies upon which it should be abandoned, with no arrangement for receiving orders, by means of signals or other- wise, from headcpiarters, and totally without information of any plan devised or facilities provided for the retreat of my command in case of disaster, I felt that these circumstances imposed upon inc the obligation of endeavoring to secure some means of evacuating the island in the event such a step should become necessary, Accordingly, the state of facts above referred to continuing, on Tuesday I went in person to Captain Elliott, who perhaps was more fiuniliar with the localities than any other person, and after learning from him, in answer to my inquiries, that a retreat was practicable through Eddings Island, if boats and flats could be secured to take the forces across Station Creek, I instructed him to select some l)rudent and trusty person to superintend the collec. tion of the nec?ssary means of transportation at the landing on Eddings Island. The Rev. Stephen Elliott was chosen to discharge this impor- tant duty, and left on Thursday morning for that purpose. Fortunately Capt. Thomas Hanekel, Mr. Henry Stuart, and Mr. MT. H. Cuthbert, of Beaufort, had already secured a large number of flats at Dr. Jenkins Landing, for the purpose of taking them to some point on Eddings Island for our relief. Mr. Elliott informed them of the l)lan agreed upon, and thus, through the co-operation of these gentlemen and the valuable assistance of Captain Tripp and his command, the evacuation of the island was effected. I communicated the plan of retreat to none save Captain Elliott, the adjutant, and the quartermaster. Lieutenant-Colonel Barnes, commanding the greater portion of the infantry, was prompt and energetic in executing the orders for the move- ments of his immediate command. From the nature of the attack the forces at Fort Beauregard were the only active participants in the engage- ment, and I cannot close this report without drawing special attention to the high qualities of the officer exhibited by Captain Elliott, com- manding that work. Compelled from the necessities of our position to act the part of engineer, ordnance officer, and commander of the fort, he exhibited an energy aiid intelligence in preparing the batteries for the fight which were only equaled by the gallantry and firmness of the defense. All the members of my staff did their duty. Adjutant Talley, Cap Page 27 CHAr. XV.] CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 27 tam Bell, quartermaster, and Rev. C. B. Betts, the chaplain, frequently sent with orders to various parts of the island during the bombardment, executed their trust in a manuer entirely satisfactory to me. Lieutenant Voumans and his detachment were efficient in the perform- ance of the part assigned them. To Lieutenant Johnson, of the Beanfort Artillery, the command is under obligations for valuable services ren- dered at the ferry across Station Creek, and to Capt. Thomas li. Elliott for similar aid in passing White flail Ferry. The reports of Captain Elliott and Surgeon Tnrnipseed* are herewith respectfully submitted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, li. G. M. BUNOVANT, Colonel Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. Capt. H. E. YOUNQ Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 12. Report of Capt. Stephen Elliott, jr., Beaufort Artillery, of the bombard- ment of Fort Beauregard. HEADQUARTERS BEAUFORT VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY, November 13, 1861. SIR: Having been assigned to the command of Fort Beauregard by Colonel Dunovant, commanding the post, I beg leave to submit the fob lowing report: The garrison consisted of Beaufort Volunteer Artillery (Company A, 83 men) and Captain Harrisons company (Company D, 66 men), both of Colonel Heywards Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment South Carolina Vol. unteers. To the former was intrusted the main work (thirteen guns); to the latter the hot-shot battery (three guns) and the san~1 battery (two guns). On Monday, the 4th instant, the enemy appeared and anchored within the bar 4 miles below the fort. On Tuesday morning, at 7.30 oclock, five gunboats came within range and opened upon us with heavy guns, throwing spherical and rifle shell with accuracy. One of these struck a caisson, causing it to explode, and thereby injuring slightly one of the gun detachments. I replied, but found the range too great for success- ful firing, and at 9.15 oclock a. m. the enemy withdrew, having been struck several times. On Wednesday, the weather being boisterous, the enemy remained quiet. On Thursday, pursuant to an order previously received from Colonel Bunovant, I dispatched the chaplain of the Ninth [Eleventh] Regiment to Saint Helena, for the purpose of providing transportation in case it should be necessary and prove practicable to retire. At 8.30 a. m. fifteen of the enemys sail formed in line and steamed up the harbor, engaging us at 9.15 oclock. These were subsequently joined by four others. Having passed the batteries, they turned to the left and southwards, and repassed near the Hilton Head shore. This circuit was performed three times, after which they remained out of reach of any except our heaviest guns. The last gun from my battery was fired at 3.35 p. in., being the eighth to which the enemy had not replied. A few moments * The surgeons report not found Page 28 28 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (ChAP. XV. afterwards Colonel Dunovant entered the fort and said to me, Captain Elliott, what is the condition of things over the river? I replied, Fort Walker has been silenced, sir. By what do you judge? By the facts that the fbrt has been subjected to a heavy enfilade and direct fire, to which it has ceased to reply; that, the vessels having terminated their fire, the flagship has steamed up and delivered a single shot, which was unanswered, and that thereupon cheering was heard from the fleet. Then, sir, it having been proved that these works cannot accomplish the end for which they were designedthat of protecting the harbor you will prepare to retire from a position from which our retreat may readily be cut off and which our small force will not enable us to hold against a land attack. I then prepared my command for a retreat, destroyed the greater part of the powder, spiked the guns, and an hour later took up the-line of march for Eddings Island. Our fire was remitted tiuring those intervals when passing down on the farther side of the river, as the ships were too distant. This cessa- tion afforded a respite to the cannoneers, already fatigued by labors properly belonging to the Engineer and Ordnance Departments. At all other times it was kept up with shot and shell. One of the columbiads was fired 57 times; the other not quite so often. The position of the hot-shot guns in the main battery ~vas such that, when unmasked, the ships were too far distant to be reached by any elevation the guns were susceptible of. They were therefore used but sparingly, but hot shot were fired from two 42-pounders omi the front face. The flag-ship was si1l)posed to be on fire more titan once. Our fire was directed almost exclusively at the larger vessels. They were seen to be struck repeate(lly, but the great distancenever less than 2,500 yardsprevented our ascertaining the extent of injury. The wooden fuses for the 8-inch shell were very defective, generally igniting the charge a few seconds too soon. The paper fuses were more reliable. It bad been found during the engagemant on Tuesday that the rifle shell could not without much difficulty be forced down after one or two dis. charges. They had therefore in the interim been refitted. The gun, however, exploded at the thirty-second discharge, slightly wounding every man of the detachment. No other cause can be assigned except that the gun, after being fired several times in rapid succession. was loaded and allowed to remain. As it became cool it may have contracted upon the shell, and hence the explosion. The hot-shot battery, manned by Captain Harrisons company, fired a few rounds, but the great severity of the cannonade in an exposed I)osit~on drove the men from the guns. Some of his men afterward assisted me in the main work, among whom Sergeant Edenfield deserves to be mentioned with praise. The Beaufort Artillery behaved with cool. ness under a heavy fire, as is attested by the fact that no accident attrib- utable to carelessness occurred at their guns. instances of conspicu- ous bravery might be mentioned, but it would be unfair to eulogize a few when the majority did their duty. Previous to the engagement the members of this corps contributed each according to his talent to the efficiency of the whole, but especially zealous and untiring were Privates S. E. Scanlan and I. E. Falbin in preparing ammunition and placing the battery in order. In this connec- tion I must mention with honor Captain Harrisons company, who for months before cheerfully gave me their assistance. I must also thank the companies ot Colonel l)unovants command, who labored to make my position more secure. Honor is dne to Midshipmen Maffit and Read, who with coolness and courage gave me valuable aid whenever it was required Page 29 CHAP. XV.) CAPTURE FORTS WALKER AND BEAUREGARD. 29 The following is a list of the wounded of the Beanfort Artillery: Capt. S. Elliott, in the leg, by a fragment of rifled gun; Sergt. B. XV. Sloman, in the hand, by the same; Privates Fripp, Hamilton, Wilcox, Perryclear, and J oyce, by same; Sergeant Stuart, by recoil of colum- biad; Private Ni. W. Fripp, by the same; Privates William Elliott and F. M. Murdaugh, by explosion of caissonall slightly. Of Captain Harrisons company, Privates T. and I. E. Crews lost each an arm by the premature discharge of a gun. I am, sir, with respect, your obedient servant, STEPHEN ELLIOTT, JR., Captain of Beaufort Artillery. First Lient. WILLIAM II. TALLEY, Adjutant of Twelfth Regiment. No. 13. Statement of ilfessrs. John Tuomey and Henry C. Robertson, of occurrences at Beaufort, S. C., November 7 and 8, 1861. QUARTERMASTERS OFFICE PROvISIONAL FORCES, THIRD MILITARY DISTRICT, DEPT. S. C., Camp Lee, November 24, 1861. About 4 oclock on the morning of the 7th instant Capt. Joseph A. Huger arrived at our quarters in Beaufort, S. C., with instructions from Brigadier-General Drayton to Maj. E. Willis, quartermaster Third Mili- tary District, Department of South Carolina. Major Willis, with Capt- ain Huger, left Beaulort about 5 oclock a. m. in steamer Emma for Fort Walker, Hilton Head. Twelve oclock noon same day written orders were received from Brigadier-General Drayton to Major Willis, author- izing the purchase of 2,000 feet of lumber to repair Skull Creek Bridge; also a gang of carpenters, and to send to Fort Walker, Hilton Head, immediately, six barrels of powder, then in the arsenal in Beaufort. Major Willis having been ordered to report at Hilton Head, the orders were opened, the luniber purchased from Mr. Cockroft, carpenters engaged, and powder shipped all ready to start, when the Confederate steamers Huntress, Captain Morris, and Lady Davis, Captain Rutledge, left, after setting fire to the two light-ships about three miles below Beau- fort. The enemy were then reported to be in possession of Broad River and Port Royal Harbor, all communication cut oft; and our troops were retreating to the main-land, having abandoned the batteries at Hilton Head and Bay Point. The powder was immediately taken out of the steamer and taken charge of by Mr. Robert Chisolm and Mr. McKee, of Beaufort, who kindly had it taken to a place of safety from the enemy. It is now at Mr. Heywards plantation, near Pocotaligo. The carpenters were dismissed and sent to Charleston; the raft of lumber left in Beau- fort. Then, with the assistance and advice of Capt. Thomas Al. flauckel, of Brigadier-General Ripleys staff, aiid Capt. Carlos Tracy and Capt. Thomas R. S. Elliott, of Brigadier-General Draytons staff, the two steamers, Beauregard and Mary Frances, ordered by Captain Willey, of Savannah, Ga., were dispatched forthwith to White Hall Ferry (Ladies lsland) with flats to bring over the troops then retreating from Bay Point, consisting of a portion of Col. 11. G. Al. Dunovants command (Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers) and Beanfort Artillery, Capt. S. Elliott Page 30 30 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. The most intense excitement prevailed in Beaufort amongst some of the citizens. They threw up rockets about 11.30 or 12 oclock at night, as to indicate the approach of the enemy. We immediately packed up all the papers and books we could get and sent them in charge of Mr. Caldwell to Pocotaligo, Mr. H. C. Robertson and the undersigned await- ing the arrival of the troops from Bay Point, whom we furnished trans- portation for. On the morning of 8th instant, abont 4 oclock, a report was then in circulation that communication was cut off at Port Royal Ferry. Feel- ing anxious for the safety of what books and papers we had saved, as they were important, we left Beaufort about 4 oclock a. m. on foot for about ihree and a half miles. Previous to our leaving Beanfort we had all the sick men in the hos- pital cared for, about 16, who were kindly treated by Capt. C. M. Morris, of steamer Huntress, and taken to Charleston. The medicines and brandy left in Beaufort for Drs. Johnson and Priolean were taken charge of by Col. R. G. M. Dunovant, as he gave me to understand. I am, very respectfully, JOHN T1IJOMEY. Capt. II. E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant- General. I certify that the above is a correct statement of things that trans. pired at Beaufort, S. C. HENRY C. ROBERTSON. NOVENBER 8, 1861.Reconnaissance on Hilton Head Island, S. C. Report of Capt. Q. A. Gilimore, U. ~. Corps of Engineers. OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER E. C., Hilton Head, ~. C., November 8, 1861. Sn~: In obedience to your directions of this date to proceed on a reconnaissance of Hilton Head Island, or so much thereof as I could examine, returning to headquarters on the same day, I have to report a completion of the days operations under the escort promised to me, to wit, the Seventh Connecticut Regiment, 900 strong, Colonel Terry com- manding. The regiment was placed at my disposal at 11 oclock a. in., when I at once set out upon the reconnaissance, the principal object of which was to proceed across the island to Seabrook, on Skull Creek, a distance of 6 miles, by the nearest practicable route, and locate suitable positions for batteries to control the inland water communications by way of Skull Creek between Savannah and Charleston. As no advance had been made from our position on Hilton Head since we caine in possession yesterday evening, and as nothing certain was known of the position and movements of the enemy since he was driven from the work, I deemed it proper to exercise great caution against sur- prise, and accordingly requested Colonel Terry to cover the advance of the main body of escort by skirmishers. Over a very considerable portion of the route we took to Seabrook Pointthe one running through the woods beyond General Draytons l)Iantation, as distinguished from the one near the shoreskirmishers could not be deployed, as both sides of the road are lined by an impenetrable jungle. Our progress was necessa- rily quite slow. We reached Seabrook Landing about 2 oclock p. m Page 31 Ci~r. XV.] EXPEDITION FROM HILTON HEAD TO BRADDOCKS PT. 31 without encountering any of the enemy or any White person whatever. From what I can gather from negroes, there are no rebel troops on any of the northern portions of Hilton Head Island. About 300 of them, with some wounded, passed over the road last night about the time we were disembarking. They were under the influence of a terrible panic; knapsacks, haversacks, canteens, cartridge-boxes, & c., were found scattered over the road and on the wharf at Seabrook, where the hasty embarkation took place. We also found at the landing a number of rifled muskets and bayonets. There is near the wharf; some in store and some outside, a considerable quantity, say fifteen or eighteen large wagon loads, of valuable commissary supplies, such as bacon, hard bread, sugar, rice, corn, vinegar, & c. We brought back two wagon loads of these articles, which Colonel Terry will account for. Had my orders admitted of it I would have remained at Seabrook with half the escort until boats could have been dispatched from headquarters under convoy to bring off the commissary stores. At Seabrook an excellent position for a battery, elevated some 12 or 15 feet above the level of the river, to sweep and control the Skull Creek channel, has been selected. The river at that point is about one-fourth of a mile inside, and is skirted on the farther side by a marsh, which enlarges the distance between the firm ground on the opposite shore to half a mile or a little more. I caused soundings to be taken across the stream at half tide, finding two fathoms at the end of Seabrook wharf, three fathoms a short distance out, and a good 5-fathom anchorage in the middle of the stream. A battery of five or six heavy guns at Seabrook would be quite suffi. cient to close this inland water passage between Charleston and Savannah, but to secure it against a coup de main I would recommend an inclosed work of strong relief and of sufficient capacity for 1,000 men, with guns on the gorge and with suitable flanking arrangements, should be corn- menced immediately. It should mount fifteen guns, at least, of all cali- bers. The route over which I passed is practicable for heavy artillery and heavy transportation generally, but materials can best be taken to Seabrook by water. The wharf there requires some repairs. On my return I increased the guard at General iDrayton~s plantation at the request of the officer in charge there. I found no public property or papers at General iDraytons, with the exception of two letters already in your possession. There is no post-office at Seabrook. I have to acknowledge the cordial and efficient co-operation of Colonel Terry in carrying out the objects of the reconnaissance. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMOIIE, Gaptain of Engineers, Chief Engineer E. ~Y Brigadier-General WRIGHT, Commanding Forces on Hilton Head, S. C. N0VE~IBER 1011, 1861.Expedition from Hilton Head to Braddocks Point, S. C. Report of Capt. Q. A. Gillmore, U. S. Corps of Engineers. U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, Hilton Head, S. C., November 12, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that I accompanied Bri gadier-Gen. eral Wright on a night expedition to Braddocks Point, leaving Hilto Page 32 32 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAP. XV. Head on the evening of the 10th instant and retnrning on the afternoon of the following day. We reached Lawtons plantation abont midnight, where our escort, composed of five companies of the Seventh Connecti- cut Volunteers, Colonel Terry commanding, was halted untiL 4 oclock in the morning. By the road Lawtons place is nearly 4 miles from Braddocks Point. At 4 oclock the march was resumed, and the column reached the point where the road strikes the beach just at the break of day, where another halt was ordered. When it became light enough to reconnoiter a single company was sent forward for that purpose. The report soon came back that the place appeared to be abandoned, when General Wright and staff ~vent forward. A battery of one 24-pounder gun, old pattern, was found behind an irregular parapet. It was on a siege carriage. A battery of one 10- inch columbiad, on a new wrought-iron carriage and a good wooden platform with iron traverse circle, was found. The parapet at this point is of considerable length (263 feet), and contains within it a good maga- zine and some little ammunition. A well-constructed parapet, contain- ing two 24-pounder guns, old pattern, was found. It contained a good magazine. Some few rounds of balls, grape and canister, were scattered on the beach outside the parapet, apparently left behind in the haste of embarkation or for the want of the means of transportation. Near this battery is a good garrison sling-cart, and all the finished parts of wooden columbiad platform, full circle. Three ordinary A tents were left standing, which were probably all that the garrison had, as extensive preparations existed for protecting troops from the inclemency of the weather by means of poles erected on the ground ~nd covered with branches of trees. Braddocks Point cannot be held by us without a considerable force (except by the active co-operation of the fleet), so as to enable us to con- trol the Calibogue Sound. To hold it with this end in view the point should be occupied in force, and strong guards stationed at the point where the cross-road at Lawtons and the one above it debouch upon the eastern shore. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A GILLMORE, Captain and Chief Engineer. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Division, Hilton Head, S. C. NOVEMBER 24, 1861.Occupation of Tybee Island by the Union forces. Report of General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS, Savannah, November 29, 1861. SIR: On Sunday last, 24th instant, the enemy crossed Savannah Bar with five of his vessels, and made a lodgment on Tybee Island. Sub- sequently three other vessels .joined them, and the force on Tybee Island was re-enforced. Five vessels, one of them a frigate, said to be the Sa- bine, now lay inside of the bar north of Tybee Island. They are 3 or 4 miles from Fort Pulaski, within range of whose guns they have not yet approached. The force on Tybee Island is reported to be large, but I am unable to state it. No demonstration of their purpose has yet been made further than the occupation of the island Page 33 CHAP. XV.] EXPEDITION TO PORT ROYAL FERRY AND BEAUFORT. 33 The preparation and arrangement of Fort Pulaski ordered on my first arrival have progressed slowly, but I do not think the passage of the river can be forced. Fort Jackson is now armed, and its defenses have been strengthened, and forms an interior barrier. The channel of the river has also been blocked up. The force in the Savannah River is believed to be part of that from Port Royal Harbor. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant. 11. E. LEE, Hon. J. P. BENJA1~I1N, General, Commanding. & cretary of War, Richmond, Va. DECEIIBER 67, 1861.Expedition to Port Royal Ferry and Beaufort, S. C. Reports of Col. William E. Martin, C. S. Army, with preliminary cor- re~pondence. HEADQUARTEIIS MOUNTED REGIMENT, Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Pocotaligo, November 25, 1801. Aide-de- 6amp, Coosawhatchie, S. C.: CAPTAIN: I have the honor of inclosing copies of the following papers: A. General Ripleys order, date November 16. B. 1~iemorandum by myself C. Reports to General Ripley, November 19. D. Letter to F. H. Harleston, aide-de-camp, November 22. E. Extract from a letter of General Ripley, November 24. I hope you will pardon the trouble of asking your attention to these papers. I am embarrassed about the duty devolved npon me, because I do not know whether my coadjutor, Captain Pope, appointed to the command jointly with myself; has abandoned the project; and whether he has or has not, I am at a loss to know whether General Lee would ap- prove the execution of the only order practicable for cavalrythe opera. tions on Port Royal Island and separate niovement. If the matter had been confided to me solely [would have attempted that portion of it before this time. I feel bound to wait for the co-operation of Captain Pope a reasonable time. My doubts are whether I have a right to wait any longer. These doubts it is my anxious desire to have resolved by an expression of opinion from headquarters, and it is to solicit your assistance in obtaining it that I venture to invite your kind assistance. In the exercise of the discretion with which I am intrusted I wonld not now ask advice if the matter were not complicated by the joint operation contemplated and now apparently impracticable. I am anxious to grat- ify the public expectation for action on Port l~oyal Island immediately. 1 think the objects of the expedition can be attained in safety as hur as that island is concerned, and I would be gratified by permission to I)ro- ceed in its execution. May I beg the favor of you, therefore, under the circumstances, to favor me with advice from General Lee, if you think it proper to request ~t. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient serv- ant, WM. B. MARTIN, Colonel Mounted Regiment. 3 R ~ V Page 34 34 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV~ [Inclosure A.] HEADQUARTERS PROVISIONAL FORCES, DEPT. S. C., Tulafinny, November 16, 1861. Col. WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Commanding Mounted Regiment: COLONEL: You will proceed as quickly as possible to organize four or more parties, to be composed of voluntee~s from your command and such citizens as you can induce to give their services to the country, to proceed, in such manner as you may determine upon and direct, into that section of country which is now in possession of the enemy, to take such steps as may be fit and proper for the removal and escape of citi- zens of South Carolina or their slaves, and for the l)rotection of the ma- terial property which may be in the vicinity, and to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy. Should it be necessary, you are author- ized to destroy all cotton which is in that district of country, to prevent its being made use of by the enemy, but where the owner of the prop- erty is present let him be consulted. On no account, however, let it fall into the hands of the enemy if your force can prevent it. Much discre- tion must be left to you in carrying out these orders, but first secure all property, next prevent the enemy from getting possession of cotton. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. S. RIPLEY Brigadier- General, P. S.Should you be unable from any circumstance to carry out this order in full, carry it out as far as possible. [Indorsement.] I have seen the within order and approve of it. I suggested it to General Lee, because I consider the property now in possession of the enemy and because its destruction weakens the enemy. F. W. PICKENS. (Inclosure B.] NOVEMBER 16, 1861. On the next day I was shown by Captain Pope orders from General Ripley assigning the captain to the command of two or more parties in the expedition, and directing the movements to be made in conjunction with and simultaneous with mine. [WM. E. MARTIN, Colonel Mounted Regiment.] [Inclosure 0.1 CAMP MARTIN, NEAR POCOTALIGO, S. C., November 19, 1861. Brigadier-General RIPLEY, Charleston, S. C.: GENERAL: Referring to your orders for penetrating into the islands held by the enemy, I have the honor to report that, in consequence of Captain Popes intimate knowledge of the topography of these islands and the navigation for reaching them and his capabilities as an officer, I intrusted to him the details of the plan for reaching Saint Helena, while I determined, in conjunction with Major Oswald, to take charge of a strong column of cavalry for operations on Port Royal Island. Your orders directed the duties to be performed by volunteers from my command and such citizens as could be induced to give their aid. O Page 35 CHAP. XV.l EXPEDITION TO PORT ROYAL FERRY AND BEAUFORT. 35 my return to camp, after an absence of twenty-eight hours (my visit to the city being partly to see my sick family and partly to make arrange- mnents for the expedition), J found the first impediment in the way by the discovery of the whole plan being known and openly talked about among the planters; indeed, in several instances, under my own obser- vation, they spoke of it in promiscuous assemblages as if it were an ordinary topic of conversation. Fearing the information would reach the enemy, I determined to act promptly. Captain Pope undertook to confer with the island planters and ascertain how many of them could be induced to co-operate with us. Here we have both experienced a great disappointment, as we have scarcely met with a man who was willing to lend his aid and the knowledge of navigation essential to the enterprise. The water transportation to Saint Helena would be in boats and fiats by oars, occupying, under the most favorable circumstances of weather and tide, fully t~vo hours. If cavalry were to be transported the fiats would take horses with their riders, and I was unwilling, with my knowledge of the difficulty and danger of transporting cavalry in open water and in fiats without aprons, to risk any horses and men but those belonging to Captain Tripps company, in which the troopers and horses are accustomed to such mode of transportation. I regret to be obliged to inform you that with two or three exceptions this company refused to volunteer. Having no infantry, I was thus left to the volunteers from my command. I have purposely avoided calling on them until time exl)edition was ripe for execution, but I have no doubt of being able to get the requisite number. As it was deemed expedient by you an(l Captain Pope, an(l I fully concurred in the opimmion, that the move- macnt shoul(l be simultaneous, I have not deemed it advisable to make the (lescent upon Port Royal until the remaining portion of the expedi- tion was ready, especially as that island is still an(l is likely to continue accessible to us, the enemy not being in sight of it and not having drawn cotton and l)rovisions from it up to this time. I have been obliged to make this full narration to inform you fully of the causes which have led to a suspension of our proceedings for the present. This will be handed to you by Captain Pope, who will explain matters more fully. In the mean time I hope the circumstances will justify in your estimation the suspension we deem necessary. As sooim as ~ve are l)repared to be successful we will use every exertion to carry out your orders in their spirit and letter. I have the honor to be, general, yours, most respectfully, WM. E. MARTIN, Colonel Mounted Regintent. [Incmosure D.] CA~iP NEAR POCOTALIGO, Norember 22, 1861. Capt. F. H. HARLESTON, Aide- de- Camp, Charleston, S. C.: CAPTAIN: On the 19th instant I submitted to General Ripley a detailed report of the causes which retarded the execution of his order of [the] 16th, relative to an expedition to the islands in possession of the enemy. In that report I stated that Captain Pope, who was assigned to the command of one or more parties by General Ripley, had gone to headquarters to confer with the general relative to the further prosecu- tion of the scheme, and I gave my reasons for awaiting the issue of their conference. I refer you to the communication for a full explanation Page 36 36 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. I have heard nothing since from Captain Pope, al)d I do not know whether he is still prosecuting his plans or has returned to his coin- mand at Stono, nor where to address him. 1 feel very anxious to dis- charge time obligation imposed upon me by the order, and I am at a loss whether I should wait longer upon Captain Pope. Under these circum- stances may I ask the favor of you to mention the subject to the general, and to confer with Captain Pope, if he is in Charleston, and ask him to let me have his views or inform me whether he has gone to Stono ~i I am disposed to execute the scheme as to Port Royal Island and without waiting longer, and I would be most happy to be relieved from the sus- pense at present. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. E. MARTIN, Colonel Mounted Regiment. [Inclosure E.] [Extract from a letter from General Ripley in reply.] NOVEMBER 24, 1861. * * * * * * * As regards the execution of the order relative to operations on Port Royal you are to use your own discretion. * * * * * * * HEADQUARTERS MOUNTED REGIMENT, Pocotaligo, S. C., December 5, 18613 p. m. GENERAL: I wrote to Captain Elliott yesterday that you desired his presence with mine at your headquarters to know the details of the expe- dition to Port Royal Island. I have just learned that after the receipt of the letter Captain Elliott went over with 25 men and has partly exe- cuted his mission, and had not returned when last heard from. I send this by a special messenger, to inquire if you will approve of my start- ing immediately with a detachment of 30 or 40 men to support Captain Elliott and complete the work. If you will favor me with a reply by telegraph it will expedite my departure. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. E. MARTIN, Colonel ]LLounted Regiment. Major-General LEE, Coosaw hatchie, S. C. HEADQUARTERS MOUNTED REGIMENT, Pocotaligo, S. C., December 9, 1861. GENERAL: At 9 p. in., 5th instant, I received a telegram from you, authorizing me to proceed to Port Royal Island to complete the burning of the cottomi commenced by Capt. Stephen Elliott. As it was advis- able to cross the ferry about dark, I started next day at 12 in., sent for- ward scouts to Beanfort to report to me at the ferry. They did so, and the information from the town was brought (down to sundown) that there was no enemy on the island. At 6 p. in. I crossed the ferry with 10 men, under a lieutenant, with two guidesCapt. 0. Barnwell and Dr. Hasellleaving the remainde Page 37 CHAP. XV.] EXPEDITION TO PORT ROYAL FERRY AND BEAUFORT. 37 of the detachment of about 50 men to follow me, under the command of Major Oswald, of my regiment. it was my intention to enter the town and meet Major Oswald 2 miles this side and commence the burning back towards the fcrry. I had I)rovided an additional mode of egress from the island in case of ~nrsuitby crossing with flats to Pages Point, on the main-land. In this I was aided by Captain Maffit, Colonel Jones, and Major Sams. I will mcntioii for your information, in passing, that ii macn can be crosse(l at the regular ferry with their horses in fifteen minutes with the flat in use. I proceeded until within three-quarters of a mile from Beanfort. When at the distance of about thirty yards we received the fire of about thirty muskets, as I suppose, of the enemy. The or(ler to halt from the enemy, with oaths and curses, was to llowed imp instantly by their dis- charge. I am obliged, with much pain, to say that the whole detachment and the guides retreated instantly, with the exception of one man. I saw but one discharge from our retreating party, and that seemed to be in the air. The exception to which I refir was a private [of] Captain Bosticks company, the Allendale Mounted (mar(l. At the discharge his horse dashed forward and he checked him ahout ten paces in advance of iiie. I-Ic themi fired one barrel of his gun and smlapl)e(i the other three times. I then heard him coml)lainingof the retreat of our detachment, adding, Their guns (the pickets) areall discharged, and we coul(l have captured them all if the men had not run away. As he is one of my sol(liers I must do him the justice of mentioning his name, although he is my sonPrivate Vincent F. M~rtin. The retreat of the (letachment was so micarly simultaneous with the flaslming of the guns, that the mcii inlormne(l me that they did not hear my orders to them to halt, which I gave, intendimig to form an advance. I recalled Private Martin after one or two minutes, and we rode down the way our men had retreated to the distance of seventy-five yards, or thereabouts and. omie of us on either side of the road, we listened for half an hour for sominds in both (hirections. We heard no sounds eXCel)t the discharge of sixty or seventy guns in the towmm or outskirts ahout half an hour after the firing on us. I then rode on with the soldier above mentioned in a walk all the way to the ferry in momentary expectation of meeting first the advance guard and then the mnain body, but was disappointed, and when I reached the ferry the whole detachment was on the opposite side. Major Oswald, in his report, informus me of time following: About 5 miles from the ferry we met one of the advance detach- ment at full speed crying out, TIme colomiel is killed, and he rmished on l)ast the men. The major ordered his colummi to advance to revenge their colonel, but they did not move. Others came at the same speed from the direction of Beaufort, also stating the death of the colonel and that there was a wounded man behind. Major Oswald then again ordcred his men to advance to succor this wounded man. This man camne up immediately, but did not halt fromn his speed, although ordered to do 50 by Major Oswald. He turned omit to be Capt. 0. Barn~velI, who was woumided in the arma flesh woundbadly. With him all Major Oswalds (letachment, except about 20, ictreated. The officers collecte(I aronii(l Major Oswald, and lie inquired if they were willing to go oii, but met with no emicouragement. He then called for volunteers, but received bmit one, Private Edward Bostick, of the Ahlendale Moumited Guard, who rel)lied lie would follow him to the (heath to revenge the colonel. Major Oswald then, finding lie could accomnl)hish nothing, ordered a retreat, which he conducted in good order, crossimmg the ferry, where I ascertained they were Page 38 38 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Major Oswalds conduct was all I knew it would be in a brave and judicious officer. He mentions in his report that Capt. W. G. Green, of the Salkehatchie Guerrillas, was cool and collected, and was willing to advance, but that in his (the captains) judgmcnt it was not advis- able. I did not recross the ferry, but remained on the other side with Pri- vate Martin, and ordered them to recross. This they did at 12 midnight with the utmost alacrity, cheering me with the ntinost enthusiasm. From this moment I am spared the pain of recording anything more to their discredit. I conducted the column to a plantatioim on the road to Beau- fort, and bivouacked until daylight about 2 miles from the ferry. Early iu the morning I moved the column to within 4 miles of Beaufort, when I called for volunteers to go into the town. I wanted but 8, but nearly all the detachment volunteered. I ought to have added that at the ferry, my guides having left me, I sent over for volun- teers to Captain Barnwells and Captain Smiths Company, but received only onea Mr. Givens. The detachment of volunteers passed round the head of Saltwater Creek to within 2 miles of Beaufort, and within the lines of the enemys pickets, and exchanged shots with them. They were commanded by Captain Smart, of the Ahlendale Mounted Guard, an officer whose conduct has won my respect by the manner in which he discharged the duty assigned to him. Privates Edward B~tick, V. F. Martin, B. T. Lawton, J. E. Bailey, and J. A. Owens, of his company; Sergt. Maj. Marion Green, an(l Charles Jones and Shepherd, of Greens company, and the guide, J. C. Givens, above named, constituted his l)arty. Mr. Givens and Mr. 5hepherd~s services as gaides were meritorious and valuable to me until I left the island. On the return of may pickets from the enemnys lines I divided the col- mimii into two detachments, and taking charge ot one, an(l assigning tl)e other to Major Oswald, we l)rOCCedCd respectively to the waters aroun(l the island where the plantations lie and burmied all the cotton, except where the quantity was too inconsiderable to destroy the building or where the owners were engage(l in removing it. I have reason to sup- pose but little cottoii remains on tlme island. Where the cotton was in the (Iwellimig-houses, or its destruction involved the loss of valuable buildings, it was thrown out and rendered valueless. The two detachments united at a rendezvous near the ferry, and crossc(l at 10 p. m. on [the] 7th mnstaimt, the men having beei almost in- cessantly in the saddle for thirty-four hours, with but two meals, winch they carried in their haversacks. I have no casualties to men or horses in my command to report, and, regretting the necessity of so lengthy a coin tunnication, I have the honor to be, general, very respectfuliy, your obediemit servant, WM. E. MARTIN, Colonel Mounted Regimcnt. hatchie, S. C. Major-General LEE Coosaic P. S.I omitted to state, on my arrival within half a mile of the ferry, on my way to cross over from this side, I concealed my men in a dense thicket and allowed no negroes to pass; that when I bivouacked on the h)lantatiou beyond the ferry I guarded every negro house amid the coun- try around mn(l that at all times, after the pickets fired on us, 1 took every negro who was passing into custody, amid that all opportunity of conveying intelhigcimce of our movements was cut oI Page 39 ChAP. XV.] EVACUATION OF ROCKYILLE. 39 DECEMBER 17, 1861.Evacuation of Rockvile, S. C., by Confederate forces. I~POR TS. No. 1.Bri0. Gen. R. S. Ripley, C. S. Army. No. 2.CoL J. L. Branch, Rifle Rc~imcnt. No. 3.Capt. 1. (4. BuJd, quartermaster Rifle Regiment. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. B. S. R~pley, C. S. Army. flEADQUARTERS SECOND DISTRICT SOUTH CAROLINA, Charleston, 5. C., December 30, 1861. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to inclose herewith the report of Colonel Branch and accompanying papers [Nos. 2 and 3] relating to retreat from Rockville. I also mci ose copy of the orders given to Colonel Branch from these headquarters when he occupied Johns Island. I should have forwarded these papers earlier, but that I deemed, considering the organ- ization of the troops, that a report on the snbject could not very mate- rially benefit the service. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I~. S. PdPLEY, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Assistant Adjutant-General, Coosawhatchie, S. C. [Inclosure.] SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. Pnov. FORCES, SECD MIL. DIST., No. 217. Charleston, S. C., November 25, 1861. I. Colonel Branchs regiment of rifles, South Carolina militia, will take post on Johus and Wadmalaw Islands as soon as possible. One battal- ion of the regiment will land at Johns Island Ferry, and leaving one company at that point in charge of the ferry and boats, which will accompany the command, will proceed to the interior of the island. The other battalion, withthe headqnarters, will proceed to Rockville, and take post in observation at that point. II. The regunent will move with as little baggage as possible, and on no account will the strict regulation allowance of transportation be exceeded. IlL The different commands and detachments will be kept in light marching order, and move from point to point, as may be directed by the colonel or commanding officer, tli e object being to familiarize the officers and troops with the locality, as well as to give protection to the inhabitants. IV. Colonel Branch is authorized to employ such gnides as may be necessary, and if possible, until cavalry can be furnished him, to mount a small force of his command to keep u~ his communications. V. The regiment will take fifteen dais rations of small stores, but the principal part of the subsistence will be purchased in the vicinity. VI. After having made a thorough reconnaissance of the island, Colonel Branch will report to these headquarters upon the strength of the position and the disposition of his command. He will meantim Page 40 40 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. keep himself in communication with the post near Church Flats, and be ready, if nucessary, to support it by any means in his power. * * * * * * * By order of Brigadier-General Ripley: F. II. HARLESTON, Aide-dc- Camp. No. 2. Report of Cot. John L. Branch, Rifle Regiment. HEADQUARTERS RE%AMENT OF RIFLES, Camp Ecans, December 22, 1801. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following statement of facts and easons which governed inc in the removal of this command from its late encampment near Rockville: On Tuesday, the 17th instant, abont 4.30 p. in., it was reported to me that four of the euerny~s vessels had crossed the bar or were in sight, and firing shells. I at once l)repared to make observations for myself, and saw the vessels, o e considerably in advance of the others, coIning up the Edisto River. I ordered time regimental line to be formed with- out knapsacks and marched out of camp, supposing that a fire of shells would at once be opened npon it. This was not done, however, and the a(lx-anced steamer continued up the river, while the others stopped near the entrance of the l3ohicket Creek (about one and a half miles from Rockville) into the Edisto. On this river and the several bold creeks connected therewith are many places where troops could be landed, and by a forced march to our rear gain possession of the only two bridges (Church and Bugby) connecting Wadmalaw with Johns Island, and thereby cut off my entire command, 292 rifles. Having no means of ascertaining whether or not such would be the action of the enemyfive of my mounted officers being absentI ordered the regiment to fall back to this point as a better 1)OsitiOll for defense. It is needless to say that had no dem- onstration been made to cut ns off from Johns Island, no retreat, save beyond the range of [the] enemi~ys shells, would have been or(lered, nn- less a very heavy force had been lauded at Rockville. The commissarys report will show the losses sustained in his depart. ment, and the report of the quartermaster, whose activity an(1 energy in the duties of his office deserve the highest commendation ,wilL set forth the condition of the transportation and account in some measure for those losses. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN L. BIIANCfl, C~olonet Regiment of Rifles. LEO. B. WALKER, Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of South Carolina. No. 3. Report of Capt. T. U. Budd, Quartermaster R~fie Regiment. HEADQUARTERS RIFLE REGIMENT, Camp Evans, S. C., December 23, 1861. DEAR SIR: I beg leave to report in as concise form as possible th Page 41 CHAP. XV.] EVACUATION OF ROCKYILLE. 41 circumstances interesting my department at the retreat from the vicin- ity of 1{ockville on the evening of the 17th instant: You will bear in mind the lapse of time from the first alarm to the appearance of four of the enemys ships did not excee(l twenty minutes. At the first intimation of an attack I had the teams promptly harnessed. The ammunition wagon first moved off, next followed the surgeons wagon with medical stores. Two wagons were sent to the commissary storehouse and loaded with the most valuable and necessary provisions. One spring cart was loaded with various articles out of my store-rooms, and the four remaining wagons, with the other spring cart, were loaded with knapsacks and blankets, in accordance with your or(Iers. On these wagons were placed other articles of a private character, in opposition to my express orders to the contrary, as it was impossible to supervise in l)eIson the loading of each. All the waoons were then taken in charge by the re4ment an(l retreated to l3ogle Place, about bar and a half miles distant. The first three of them unloaded were returned to camp and agaiu dispatched with tents. Two other wagons returned and were also dispatched with tents an(l commissary stores. At this period our scouts reported the enemy as having landed on the wharf at IRockville, and you instructed me to turn back the other wagons, which were returning to camp for the purpose of saving the remainder. At my request Quartermaster-Sergeant Green visited a neighboring plantation for the purpose of obtaining additional trauspor- tation. He secured one team, on ~vhich was placed the property of the field and staff, or so much of it as was saved. You are aware of the repeated applications I have made to the bri- gade quartermaster br transportation sufficient to move the regiment, and the loss realized by the retreat was due to the small capacity and limited number of wagons I could coutrol. The c mnmissary stores lost, consisting of about thirteen days rations of grist, sugar, and bread, were too bulky for rapid movement, owing to the size of the packages (hogs. heads and tierces), even had I the necessary wagons. I will also call your attention to the anxiety I had expressed to you that large wall-tents should be furnished for the storing of commissary and quartermasters stores. These had been refused at headquarters after my repeated applications for them, and after my having brought to the notice of the brigade quartermaster (with a request that he would read may remarks at headquarters) that if they were not sent my respon- sibility for the loss occasioned by having the stores in advance of the regiment cease(l. Great delay was occasioned by the imiferiority of the team harness, as they continually broke, and also from many of the mules given me in exchange for the horses which had been taken for artillery service in the city, [which] were wild and unbroken. Ei~ht of them would not draw or lead, and on the retreat broke loose fromu the wagons to which they were hitched; 2 have since been recovered and 6 are still in the woods. I am satisfied that had the proper transportation been furnished, together with other appliances actually necessary to the regiment, all the quartermasters and commissary stores, as well as other property, would have been saved. You are well aware I have often comaplained to you of the want of those articles essential to the perfect organization of my department, and the difficulty I experienced in getting my orders filled or a response to my applications. My assistants, Quartermaster-Sergeant Green and Private Adam, rendered good service in making the loss light as posssible under th Page 42 42 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP~ XV. adverse circumstances attending the retreat, and J feel indebted to each of them for their active co-operation. In conclusion, I may add the loss realized is much less than at first anticipated. I am, dear sir, your respectful and obedient servant, T. (1. I3UDD, Quartermaster First Regiment Rifles. Col. JOHN L. BRANcH, Commanding. DECE1~BER 17, 1861.Skirmish on Chisoims Island, S. C. Report of Brig. Gen. Isaac L Stevens, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF POnT ROYAL, Bea~,fort, 5. C., December 18, 1861. SIR: In pursuance of my directions Lieutenant Porter, Eighth Michi- gan Regiment, took a party last evening across the Coosaw River, ~nd sllrprise(l picket on Chisolms Island. I found an intelligent negro as guide. The party started at 9.30 oclock, crossed the Coosaw, got in the rear of the picket, attacked it, an(l took the whole party of 6 prisoners. Two were wounded. They belonged to the Fourteenth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Colonel [James] Jones commanding, and their names are J. P. Longford, L. M. Longford, B. Maths, John Mates, M. W. Jennings (wounded), and Corporal J. Y. Longford (wounded). I have not been able to elicit much information from them. They state, however, that theirs is the only regiment stationed at Gardens Corner, and that there are no pieces of artillery there. They have beeii in the Confederate service about four months; have received n~ pay. They stated that the common people had been led into the war by 1 iiC leaders; that they volunteered to l)revent being (lrafted. They ~ihe prisoners) believe the whole difficulty grows out of a misunderstanding. Their leaders, however, were very determined. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Comnman ding. Capt. L. II. PELOUZE, Assistant Adjutant-General, Port Royal, S. C. DECEMBER 20, 1861.~inkint~ of the Stone Fleet at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, S. C. E P0 T~ T S. No. 1.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army. No. 2.Maj. Thomas M. Wagner, S. C. Artillery. No. 1. Report of General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army. hEADQUARTERS, COOSAWIIATCIIIE, S. C., December 20, 1861. SIR: It has been reported to me by General Ripley that the enemy brought his stone fleet to the entrance of Charleston Harbor to. day, an Page 43 CHAP. XV.] SINKING STONE FLEET IN CHARLESTON HARBOR. 43 sunk between thirteen and seventeen vessels in the main ship channel. The North Channel and Maffits Channel are still ol)en. This achieve- inent, so unworthy any nation, is the abortive expression of the malice and revenge of a people which it wishes to perpetuate by ren(lering more meinora ble a day hateful in their calendar. It is also indicative of their despair of ever capturing a city they design to ruin, for they can never expect to possess what they labor so hard to reduce to a con- dition not to be enjoyed. I thii~k, therefore, it is certain that an attack on the city of Charleston is not contemplated, and we must endeavor to be I)rel)ared against assaults elsewhere on ihe Southern coast. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, E. LEE, General, Commanding. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, ASecretary of War, Richmond, Va. No. 2. Report of Maj. Thomas ill. Wagner, S. C. Artillery. FORT SUMTER, CHARLESTON HARBOR, February 12, 1862. SIR: In obedience to instructions, I have the honor to submit the following report of the sinking of the stone fleet at the entrance of Charleston Harbor: On the afternoon of December 18 a large increase to the blockading squa(lron was observed. The majority of vessels appeared to be old whaling and trading vessels. On the 19th, the weather being bad ,not much progress was made in their preparations for sinking. A few of the vessels were stripped. By dawn on the morning of the 20th great activity was observed- fifteen vessels were placed in line more or less direct across the maui ship channel, about 4 miles south-southeast of Fort Sumter and 3 miles east-southeast of the light on Morris Island. By evening all had been stripped, disniasted, and sunk. From the observations made the vessels appeared to have been placed in a single u-regular line, with intervals of 100 feet, mal;ing a distance of about 3900 fret in extent from shoal to shoal, and completely occupy- ing the chaminel. The vessels commenced to settle immediately, and at the en(l of a week but little was to be seen of any of their hulls. They have now entii-ely disappeared. Large portions of the wrecks have from time to time come ashore. The position of the blockading squadron has, however, prevented any accurate survey being made. On Januai-y 20 another fleet came to anchor off the port. They took up their position in a line extending from the entrance of the north channel south~vardly to the main ship channel. The vessels were mostly of a smaller class than those of December. They were fourteen in num- berbarks and brigs. They were stripped and towed northwardly to their positions, which was on the south edge of the shoal known as the Rattle Snake, and opposite the entrance ot the Maffit Channel with the exception of one vessel, which was placed omi the eastern edge of the shoal about two and a half niiles east of the other vessels and between the Shoal and the Long Island Beach. The line extended from north to south, and, by measurement, six miles and a half east-northeast of Fort Sumtei-. The place has bee Page 44 44 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. OnAr. XV. carefully noted on the chart of the harbor at Fort Sumter. The first four vessels to the north of the line were sunk on the western end of the Rattle Snake in shoal water, the balance in 4 or 5 fathoms water, and in the track of vessels entering Charleston flarbor by Mafiuits Channel. The operations on both occasions were superintended by six armed steamers and a sailing frigate. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS M. WAGNEIt, Major, S. C. Artillery, Commanding Fort Sumter. Capt. LEo. D. WALKER, Assistant Adjutant- General. JANUARY 1, 1862.Engagement at Port Royal Ferry, Coosaw River, S. C. REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. Army, with congratulatory orders. No. 2.Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens, U. S. Army. No. 3.Col. William M. Fenton, Eighth Michigan Infantry. No. 4.Lient. Col. James L. Fraser, Forty. seventh New York Infantry. No. 5.Col. James H. Perry, Forty-eighth New York Infantry. No. 6.Maj. David Morrison, Seventy-ninth New York Infantry. No. 7.Lient. William St. George Elliott, Seventy-iiinth New York Infantry. No. 8.Col. B. C. Christ, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 9.Lient. Col. Thomas S. Brenholts, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 10.Col. Daniel Leasnre, One hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 11.Lient. William S. Cogswell, Fifth Connecticut Infantry, Signal Office. No. 12.Lieut. Henry S. Taift, Fifteenth Massachusetts Infantry, Signal Office. No. 13.Letter from Maj. Albert J. Myer, Signal Officer, U. S. Army. No. 14.Return of casualties in Union forces. No. 15.Congratulatory orders from Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, U. S. Army. No. 16.Brig. Gen. John C. Pemberton, C. S. Army. No. 17.Brig. Gen. Daniel S. Donelson, C. S. Army. No. 18.Col. James Jones, Fourteenth South Carolina Infantry. No. 19.Lient. Ctd. Dixon Barnes, Twelfth Soath Carolina Infantry. No. 20.Maj. Cadwalader Jones, Twelfth South Carolina Infantry. No. 21.Col. William E. Martin, Mounted Regiment. No. 22.Return of casualties in Confederate forces. No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gem Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. Army, with eongratu. latory orders. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., January 2, 1862. SIR: As the Vanderbilt leaves to-morrow morning, I deem it proper to inclose to you a letter of instructions to General Stevens, commanding second brigade of this division, of December 30. The simple object of this dash was to destroy the batteries which the enemy appeared to have erected on the Coosaw River for the obstruc- tion of the navigation and the passage of that stream, and also to pun- ish him for the insult in firing upon the steamer Mayflower on her recent passage through that stream for the purpose of sounding time depth o Page 45 CHAP. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 45 the channel. The affair succeeded perfectly, and the enemy were (irivell out of their batteries, the batteries demolished, and property found there brought away or destroyed with little or no loss of life on our side. After the object of the movement was executed General Stevens, agree- ably to his instructions, returned to Port Royal Jsland.* As soon as his report reaches me it will be duly forwarded. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. ~vV. SnERMAX, Brigadier- General, Corn nwnding. General L. THOMAs, Adjutant-General U. S. A., Washington, D. C. [Inclosure.] flEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., December 30, 1861. GENERAL: Agreeably to the conversation already had with you, it is designed to cross a force over the Coosaw River on the morning of the 1st, an(I seize upon the enemys batteries at the ferry and other points on that river. According to our understanding, you will be able to land from 1,500 to 2,000 men suddenly from the means of transportation at - your disposal. These men can probably be landed above the Brick-yard at a convenient place for making a dash at the ferry fort. A small force should also cross at Seabrook at the proper time, or certainly attempt to do so. Commodore DuPont will furnish some gunboats and gun- launches, to be commanded by Capt. C. B. P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy, with whom you must consult and co-operate. Two of these gunboats will probably take up a position near you and above the Briek-yar(l. The other two will probably enter Whale Branch at the plo])er time, and advance towards the ferry. The time for crossing the troops above the Bik~k-yard is prompt da~ light, when the gunboats there will be prepared to cover your storming party. The gunboats at Whale Branch I would recommend to enter the branch as soon as it is sufficiently light to see, and proceed up the stream, and when approaching Seabrook the force you will have at that point should then attempt to cross un(ler their fire and seize upon and destroy what- ever may be found there. A sufficient force I recommend to move straight upon the fort from the first-mentioned landing and seize it by storm or escalade, whilst probably a larger fcrce should maintain a cov- ering position on its right, but not so extended as to prevent the fire of the gunboats raking any of *he enemys force coming from Gardens Corner without hitting our own men. When the fort is fully in possession of our men, and not till then, a signal agreed upon beforehand should make the thet unmistakably kiiown to all the gunboats, when those boats I woul(l recommend, if possible, should speedily close in towards the fort and eff~ctually cover it whilst our men are removing or destroying the guns and other l)ro~)erty. It is unnecessary to say that a corps of pioneers, & e., should be ready to destroy, burn, & c. The above are only calculated as hints in the management of the affair, but, after all, the success must depend mainly upon the judgment of you rself and able coadjutors, who must necessarily be governed in a great measure by circumstances. It must be understood, however, general, that the object of this dash is simply the destruction of the enemys See also Sherman to McClellan, January 2, 1862, in Correspondence, etc., p. 214 Page 46 46 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. batteries, and no advance must be made beyond what is necessary to effect that object. It is unnecessary to assure you that a (leviatioll from this injunction would at the present time harm us more thau the advan- tage of destroying their batteries. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Brigadier-General STEVI4;NS, Commanding at Bea~fort, ASV. C. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY Coups, Port Royal, AS. C., January 4, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to forward herevith the report of Brigadier. General Stevens of the affair at Port Royal Ferry on the 1st instant, and referred to in my communication of the 2d. It having been reported to me that the enemy had erected batteries at Port Royal Ferry and at the landing opposite Seabrook, which report having been confirmed by General ~ pickets, an(1 especially by the reports of officers who had long been watching the progress of these works, that seven guns of heavy caliber had beeu mounted in the former and probably some in the latter, and which seemed to be still more stromigly continued from the fact of large numbers of the enemy being habitually seemi in that vicinity, the object of this movement was to storm these works by a small portion of our troops and bring away or (lestroy the cannon and other property. hence my instructions to General Stevens, a COI)Y of which has already been forwarded. In consequence of the presumed nature of the works and their armament, their position relative to the points of landing of the storming parties, I applied to Flag-Officer Du- Pont for a few gunboats to assist in the operation, which he cheerfully furnished, and placed under the comumand of Commander C. 111. P. Rod- gers. The idea was to carry the works, of whatever nature they were found to be, by storm. In consequence of the difficulty of maneuvering gun- boats in so narrow and tortuous a river as the Coosaw under the fire of forts, these boats, whilst covering the rear of onr storming party, were to have remained in reserve until the works at the ferry were in posses- sion of the stormers, and were then to close in fromn both directions and cover the works from the assaults of the enemy whilst the storming party were carrying oft or destroying the artillery an(l other property. This plan appears to have 1een well carried out. Although we were somnewhat disappointed in the amount of artillery found in the forts and the state of progress the Confederates had yet muade with their batteries, the maneuver will be found from General Stevens report to have met with complete success, and, still more, to have prove(l that our inexpe- rieimce(l trool)s will behave well in critical situations, to which they are very soon to be doubly exposed. The fine co-operation of the naval forces under that able and indefatigable officer Comnmamider C. 111. P. Rodgers is deservimig of alL praise, and I ani also happy to have the opportummity to add the important service amid the zeal and intelligence of the signal officers connected with the expedition, as stated by General Stevens. General Stevens, to whom the command of this expedition omi the part of the land forces was intrusted, is too well known to the country fo Page 47 CnAr. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 47 his extensive official acquirements, his indomitable zeal and energy, to even attempt enlarging upon them here. The prornI)t and complete execution of his orders and its clever and happy result are all that iieed be mentioned. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, General L. THO2IAS, Brigadier- General, Comm qndin.q. Adjutant-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. GENERAL CRDERS, ~ HEADQUARTEnS E. C., No. 1. Hilton ilead, S. C., Jannary 7, 1862. The general commanding desires to express his gratification at the good conduct exhibited by the troops under command of Brigadier- General Stevens when engaged on the 1st instant in capturing an~ destroying the enemys batteries on the Coosaw River. The conduct of this afihir confirms him in the conviction that our troops, when ordered to march ahead, will know no obstacle and will promptly and in good order penetrate wherever ordered. The thanks of the commanding general are specially due to Brigadier- General Stevens for the energy and good judgment evinced in the prep- aration an(l prosecution of this affair. To Flag-Officer DuPont, commanding blockading squadron, and to Commander C. li. P. Rodgers, commanding the naval portion of this expedition, and the officers and men nuder his command, the thauks of the country and the Army are likewise due. The energy, alacrity, and efficiency which supported the land forces on this occasion, though noth- big more than what could have been expected from that distinguished branch of the service, will ever be gratefully remembered. By order of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Captain 17teenth infantry, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. Isaac L Stevens, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS SEcoND BRIGADE EXPEDY CORPS, Beaufort, S. C., January 3, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report, for the information of the command- ing general, the complete success of the joint expedition of which the land forces were placed under my comimamid, and the return of the sev- eral regiments to their respective encampments. The object of the joint expedition was to seize and destroy the enemys batteries on the main opposite Port Royal Island, brino a way the guns and other property, but not to engage the enemy except mn the accomplishment of this object, amA not to advance into the interior. To effect it C6mmodore DuPont furnished five gunboats, under the command of Capt. C. li. P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy, to operate with the land forces, which consisted of my own brigade and the Forty-seventh and Forty-eight New York Regiments of General Vieles brigade. The pla Page 48 48 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. was for three of the gunboats to operate from Coosaw River and two from Broad River, both entering the Port Royal channel, and moving the former towards the ferry and the latter towards Seabrook. A force was at early (lawn to effect a landing at some convenient point on the right, move rapidly towards the fort, whilst simultaneously should oper- ate from the ferry and from Seabrook. On the 31st instant, leaving two companies of the Roundlicad [One hundredth Pennsylvania] Regiment as a guard for the town and depot of Beaufort, and one company at the crossroads, 3 miles from this I)lace, to relieve the two companies of the Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volun- teers there on duty, J advanced the remaining eight companies of the Ronudhead Regiment to the advanced l)osts on the island; I with- drew, at the same time, seven companies of the Seventy-ninth New York (ilighlanders) from these advanced pests for the operation on our right. At Seabrook two companies of the Highlanders and two companies of the Roundheads, under Captain Elliott, of the High- landers, were to cross the river, land on the main, destroy the enemys woiks, and bring away his guns and other property. At the ferry one compamiy of Higlilanders atid four companies of the Roundheads were to observe the enemy and cross over should circumstances favor it. At the point running down froni the ferry opposite to the Brick-yard Ransoms two gnns of Hamiltons battery were placed to cover the advance of the land party and to act according to circumstances. The entire remaining force, consisting of seven coin panics of ilighianders, Major Morrison; the Eighth Michigan, Colonel Fenton; Fiftieth Penmi- sylvania Volunteers, Colonel Christ; tli e Forty-seventh New York, Lieutenant-Colonel Fraser, and the Forty-eighth New York, Colonel Perry, were destined to form the land party, to operate against the enemys left. Ever since my occupation of this island I had taken great pains to collect every boat and flat that could be found, and in consequence had already at Seabrook and the ferry transportation emiough to CP055 the two bodies of troops in position there. These boats I caused to be pie- pare(l for their work. I sent up all the boats and flats I had at Beaufort anti could find at other points on the nights of the 30th3lst, to a secure and good landing on the creek which flows into the Coosaw at the Brick- yard and well up the creek, so as to be screened from the observation ff the enemy, and from this point I designed by one embarkation to cross to the main that portion of the party which belonged to my owmm brigade. At 12 m. of the 31st Cap aiim Rodgers, imi command of the naval por- tion of the expedition, arrived with the Ottawa and the Pembina, and towards night was joined by the Hale, the force destined to operate from the Coosaw, and we arranged the details of the joint operation, and es~)eciahly agreed upon the signals which would enable us to act in con- cert in engaging the enemy. About (lark Colonel Perry, Forty eighth ~ew York, and Lieutenant-Colonel Fraser, Forty-seventh New York, arrived from Hilton Head. They were or(lered to follow the mnboats, effect a landing at the Adams house, and act in co ol)cration with the party which were to cross the river in flat-boats. It was expected that the landimig from the flat-boats would have been made at daylight, and that the gunboats, creeping up the Port Royal channel at night-fall of the 3 1st to within a short (listance of the Brick- yard, and passing through that channel at tlaylighit, \vould appear in the Coosaw shortly afterwards, an(l thus aid iii the advance of the land forces. These forces were, in crossing the river, to be accoml)almicd by four launches, under the personal command of Captaimi Rodgers, eac Page 49 CHAP. -XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 49 launch having a 12-pounder gun, and when the landing was effected they were to move towards the ferry pan pa~su with the advance of the Ian(l forces. This plan was in substantial points carried out. Four companies, however, of the Fiftieth Pennsylvania, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Brenholts, were moved directly from the towmi of Beaufort by means of flats collected in that vicinity on the 31st, and the flats collected in the Brick-yard Creek were found insuflicient to embark the six companies of the Fiftieth Pennsylvania, which had therefore to wait till the boats were sent back. In the night of the 31st and 1st 1 visited all the trool)s amid positions on the island, an(l at 3.30 oclock was ~vith all the troops at the place of embarkation, which I superintended in person. At the first break of day we were under way, viz: seven coml)amlies of IIi~hlanders, four companies of the Fiftieth Penmisylx-amiia, amid time entire Michigan regi- mnent. This side of the Brick-yard met Captain Rodgers and his four launches, and i minediately pushed for the opposite shore. Meanwhile the gunboat Ottawa had made her appearance. I landed at about S oclock at a good landing place below the cotton-gin and some 3 mmmiles below the Adams house, an(l immnediately sent back boats to take oft Colonel Christs command, with orders to laimd them a.t the Adams house. I found also that the Eighth Micimigan was still waiting imi the creek, havimmg- nmisunderstood my or(lers. I sent w-ord to them to push at once to the A(lams house, and turned off in the same direction all the flats which had not come up, and with five companies of the highland- ers, and the four companies of the Fiftieth Penusy1x-ania~, comisisting of about 500 men, and with two how-itzers from tlme boats lln(ler the corn- mand of Licutemmant lrwimm, U. S. Navy, I commneimeed my nmarch. We moved rapi(lly and in good order, employing the Ilighlandcrs as skir- mishers and the howitzers to drive off small parties of the emmemimy. We observed them at several poimits, but w ithoiit noticing the few shots they fired at us w-e pushed to the A(lams house, where we arrive(l after a very f~ttiguing march at about 11 oclock. it was some two and a half hours before I was able to resumm~e the mnovement with the remaining forces. At 1.30 oclock I formed mv order of march, and avoiding the main road, bitt pushing across time open field, I marched for the fort. The Ilighianders were in adx-aimce, preceded by two companies thrown out as skirmishers. Time two imowit- zers of the Navy followed. The support were the regiments of Colonel Clmrist and Colommel Fenton, and the Forty-seventh amid the Forty-eighth Ne~v York commstituted the reserve, under Colonel Perry. Now time sig- nals came most beautifully and effectively into use. All tIme comrmmmuauds bore the flag which had been agreed upon, viz, a ground of white ami(l blue. The signal officer, Lieutenant Taift, was with time skirmishers. communicating constantly with his colleague, Lieutemtammt Cogswell, on board the Ottawa. The concert of action thus established was abso- lutely perfect. The skirmishers marched steadily on, followed at proper intervals by the entire command, moving in column of companies or divisions or by flank, according to the ground. The shells from tIme gunboats tore through the woods just in advance of the skirmishers. They had well passed the position taken by the enemy imi the woods when he opened his battery upon our columns. I.got my command imito the position I desired before the troops ascertained that it was not the fire of the boats but the fire of an enemy. It was exceedingly well adapted to the ground and favored my getting information by means of skirmnishers. Nor was it possible for the enemny, although in large force, to nuake a flank movement against mime without my being able in 4RR YOLV Page 50 oU COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. ClAp. XV. season to make my (lispositiomis to repel it. The two regiments, the iorty-seventh and Forty-eighth New York were formed in line 011 the right, and about at right angles to the remainder of the line. The lEiglith Michigaim and Fiftieth Pennsylvania were formed in line in the center, and the ilighianders in column of companies, with their skir- imushers in l)oSition, conStitute(l the left. I now ordere(l Colonel Fenton to send forward skirmishers from his regiment, the Eighth Michigan, to feel the enemy, and, if circumstances tavored, to seize thebattery. He first sent three companies to the front and left, under Lieutenant-Colonel Graves, and soon four comI)anies to the front and right, under Major Watson, the flanks resting under cover of the woods, which extended to our right and ran down quite closely to our left. These companies a(lvanced in most admirable order, I)tIshe(l forward rapidly, plunged un(ler a heavy fire of musketry into the woods at a double-quick, amid engaged the enemy. The firing showed that he was iii laroc force. I at omice ordered Colommel l~erry to lIusli skirmishers from his right along the skirt of ~voods, anti Colonel Christ, with one wing of his regiment, to move well to the front and left in colummi of 4olnl)amues aimd push skirmishers to the rear of the enemys position. My object in these several dispositions was to ascertaimm the force of the vnemy, the 1)articular character for the ~)assa.ge of troops of the wooded coummtrv in which time enemy lay concealed, and to carry out the l)lalL which I had formed of interposimig the bnlk of my force between him and his battery, anti thus compel the latter to surrender. These orders were obeycti with great alacrity amid without a moments delay. Both botlies muoveti forward anti eiigaged the enemy. Colonel Christs mnovemuent was very opportumme. it drove back the skirmishers ~m1 our lefr, and enableti the skirmishers of Fcmmton amid Perry to fall back anti ~vc. information of tIme contlition of time field; for, be it remembered, omir men had gained positions from which they could not be dislodged, and rendered certain the feasibility of my plami of attack. .~~deed~ the checm-s at this mnoment from all portiomis of our line showed that ~nr troops looked upon the day as theirs. The progress of our troops had beemi observed from the mnast-heads of the gunboats, who threw shells over their heads into the ranks of the enemy. At this momnent I received word that the skirmishers of the Highianders, never once halting, hind pushed omm and emitered the fort almost simul- taneously with the force from the front under Colonel Leasure. The enemys fire had ceased for some fifteemi mninutes, and I gave orders for moving the whole comnmamid into the fort~ where we arrived at about 4.30 oclock. here I met both Colonel Leasure, who was placed by me in comumnand of the front and of the special muovemnent from the ferry, nn(l Captaimi Elliott, who commanded the crossing party at Seabrook, amid learned of the complete success of the latter. Time gunboats, the Seneca, Captain Amnmnen, anti the Ellen, Captain Budd, emitereti Whale Branch, as o~ginally intended, and opened fire upon the battery oppo- site Seabrook. Captain Elliott crossed with his party and found a battery reatly for guns, but no guns iii positiomi, aiid after tiestroying mime works returned to Seabrook. Captain ilodgers most kimidly sent on shore a 12-poumider howitzer gun, under the comnmmmand of Licut. J. II. Upshnr, and kept timere one of the howitzers which had accompanied our march by land under Acting Master Louis Kempffi One of the wheels of the other howitzer had been brokemi a short time before reaching the fort. Night signals were also specially arranged to commnnnicate with the gunboats. Just before dark Lieutenant Lyons came in from the pickets, bringin Page 51 - u. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 51 word that lie had met a flag of truce, and that the officer bearing it asked for permission to take off their dead. The gunboats were about firing a few shells into the woods where the skirmishers of the enemy had beeii observed. The firing was immediately stoppe(l, and I tent Lieutenant Lyons back twice, granting a truce of one hour for that purpose, but lie did not on either occasion find the flag. The gunboats were now brought into position on either side of the ferry and placed suitably to cover our operations, and I at once l)roceede(l to make the l)roper dispositions for the night, established a strong picket force, with the entire Roundhead iegiment as a reserve, and had the ferry prop- erly prepared for the return of the troops. My post and brigade quartermaster, Capt. William Lihley, in this business was most efficiemit, for he, entirely in the night, absolutely restored the old ferry, ropes, win(llasM, and all, and with the assistance of two of my staff, Lieutenant Cottrell, Eighth 1\Iicliigan ,and Lieutenant Lyons, Fiftieth Pennsylvania, made arrangements for the most rapid and most orderly recrossing of the troops. The use of the ferry was required early in the mornino- for the passage of wagons an(l the 12- pounder anti its carriage, which was time only one piece of ordnance found in the fort. About 9 oclock the work of crossing the troops commenced. The passage-way is about 550 feet wide. The whole force of 3,000 men, with their horses, was over at 12 oclock. It was not less orderly than rapid. The enemy was in considerable force in the woods back of onr position, watching our movements. The shell froni the gunboats kept him very quiet. At 12 oclock I myself crossed with the last of the forces, having :ause(l the buildings in the vicinity of the fort to be burned and the fort to be leveled sufficiently for all practical ~)nrposes. I cannot close this report without congratulating the comnmnamiding ~eneral anti the country on the good conduct of time trOOh)5 under my eommand, none of whom, except the Ilighlanders, had ever beeu under fire before, and on the l)erfect success of the expedition, placed by him, so far as regards the land forces, in my hands. Looking to the marches by land and the movements by water, looking to thievery consid- erable combination involved in the final concentratiomi of troops, it is a little remarkable that every departure in detail from the original l)lan, and indeed every accident, seemed only to further it. We effected in flat-boats, manned by negroes alone and without the aid of a single employ6, a landing on the enemys shore, ha~ing to cross in our boats a space of 3 miles. We moved to our point not along t lie main road, but across the fields and along paths shown us by negroes picked np upon the shore. We engaged the enemy on our own and not omi his field. We gave him fair challenge of battle. Every reginmemut of my command was, through its skirmishers, brought into comitact with him. He kept under cover, fell back from his l)OsitiOn, amid yielded the field to us. Our trool)s have confidence in themselves and faith in the bayonet. This, in brief, is the history of the expedition and its morale, to be shown - I trust, more signally omi future fields. Moreover, this is the first iccasion the system of signals invented by Major Myer has been tested in actual battle. I claim for the signal officers of my staffLieutenant Tafft and Lieutenant Cogswellthe merit of showing the code to be a perfect success, and myself the good fortune of commanding on the occa- 51011. Says Lieutenant Cogswell, who was on board the Ottawa: Permit me, before closing, to call your attention to the able anti efficient manner in ;:hich Lieutenant Taift managed the signals on shore. During the whole march fro Page 52 52 COASTS OF S. C, GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. rdHAr. XV. Adams Landing to the ferry he so managed it that only for a few minutes was he so situated that he could not instantly open communication, though in order to accom- 1)liSh this he was frequently exposed to the direct fire of the enemy. 1 must also express my warm acknowledgments and high appreciation of the services of the Navy. Captain Rodgers on all occasions responded to my requests. The working of the gunboats in the narrow channel of Port Royal andthehandlingof the guns was most masterly and mostbeau- tiful. The signaling was perfect throughout. The whole operation re- fiects the highest credit upon the Navy and upon the officers and men specially engaged in it. I repeat, my whole c~nmand, as ~vell as myself, will mark with a white stone the day of this fraternal and patriotic co- operation. In saying that the troops under my command behaved with great coolness and constancy, I only say what every man observed. I will not particularize, except to say that the skirmishers of the High. landers first met the enemy, and those of the Eighth Michigan came into the severest contact with him. This regiment has been and still is a great sufferer from sickness, but it silowe(i that loyal steel from the frozen North has fire and power against the enemies of our country. I must return my acknowledgments to the several members of my staff, to my assistant adjutant-general, Capt. Hazard Stevens, who is referred to in the highest terms in the accompanying reports; to Lieu- tenant Porter, Eighth Michigan Regiment, who, by means of the negroes, guided my force all the way from the first landing to the ferry (in this he was assisted by Lieutenant Taylor, lionudhead Regiment) ; to Lieu- tenant Lyons, Fiftieth Peiinsylvania Volunteers, who organized the transportation on fiat-boats, in which duty Lieutenant Cottrell, Eighth Michigan, rendered service; to Captain Fuller, assistant quartermaster, for valuable aid in his department and on my staff; and to Lieutenant holbrook, who volunteered an(l served, most acce~)tably as aide through- out. Dr. Keinble, the brigade surgeon, was very efficient. lie exam- ine(l in person, under fire, the ground occul)ied by our skirmishers, an(l personally superintended the bringing off of our wounded men. I ant under very special obligations to my post and brigade quartermaster, Capt. William Lilley, who was indefatigable in preparino for the expe- dition and efficient in furthering it. lie furnished the crews of negroes for the flats and removed the 12-pounder gun and cani i e to Leaufort. At midnight he remounted it, took it across the ferry e~nly in the morn- hug, an(1 brought it into Beaufort before night, taking -doug with him a wagon load of three-inch plank, and making eight biuPes on the road. The large ferry-boat itself, with all its appurtenances is now safely laid away at Ileaufort in his charge, for use on future occasmon~ The loss of my brigade is one killed, one missing, amid nine wounded. as per surgeons report, herewith appended; * in addition to which L~ men were slightly wounded of the Forty-eighth Regiment. Among the wounded is Major Watson, of the Eighth Michigan Regiment, a most excellent officer, amid who gallantly commanded in the late affair. The enemys loss mnust have been very considerable from our skirmishers alone, and still heavier from the shell practice of the Navy. We buried 3 of their men and have 1 of their woumided men in our hands. A reconnoitering party I sent out to-day lauded at the Adams house~ examined the battle field, and went to the ferry. They found and buried 1 of our missing men, known to have been wounded, and the only one killed, and encoumitered but one small scouting party of 6 mounted men of the enemy. Embodied iu No. 14 Page 53 CjjAP. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 53 The negroes all report that there are no troops this side of Gardens Corner. This party consisted of 20 men of the Eighth Michigan, under the command of Captain Ely. From the observations made from the mast-heads of the gunboats and those made on the field, I estimate the force of the enemy at about 3,000 men, and from information obtained to-day they had 2,000 more within two hours march. The force which Ii moved from the Adams house was about 2,500 men, which, with the command of Leasure and of Elliott, made my whole force 3,000 men. I al)pend the sub-reports; and, in conclusion, I hope the general corn- 2nan(ling may be gratified with our celebration of New Years I)ay. I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient, ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Commanding Land Forces. Capt. L. H. PELOUZE, Assistant Adjutant-General Eped~y Corps, Port Royal, S. C. No. 3. Report of Col. Willia)n hf. Fenton, Eighth Michigan fifautry. HEADQUARTERS ELGIITIL MICHIGAN REGIMENT, Main-land, Port Royal Ferry, January 1, 18628 p. m. SIR: I have the honor to report that, in compliance with your order, this regiment was safely landed at the Adams house, on main-land, having effected the crossing in fiat-boats from Brick-yard Point, Port Royal Island, and took up the line of march towards the enemys battery at this place at 1 oclock p. m. On our approach towards the ferry we were ordered to attack as skirmishers a masked battery which opened fire on us from the right. I immediately detached the first two and the tenth companies, and directed their march to the left and front of the battery. This was followed by four additional companies to the right and front. The fire of the battery with shells continued on our line until the skirmishers reached the right, when it was turned on them, and on their approach, right, left, and front, to within 50 to 100 yards of the enemys position, a fire of musketry was opened upon them. The force of the enemy as well as the battery was concealed to a considerable extent by trees, brush, and underwood, but appeared to consist of two mounted howitzers, supported by a regiment or more of infantry and some cavalry. The skirmishers were measurably protected in brush and furrows, an(l continued their fire upon the enemy, which was returned by volleys of musketry and shells from the battery. Our fire was well directed and seemed to be effective. (5ne mounted officer, who appeared to be very active, was seen to fall from his horse, at which the trooj)s on the enemys right were thrown into confusion. Their position seemed to be changing to the rear, and as our skirmishers were called off and the regiment formed in line the enemys fire ceased. The regi. ment was then marched to its position in line of battle in rear of the fort at this point. Lieutenant-Colonel Graves led on the left and Major Watson the right of skirmishers. The major, in leading on his line, received a severe flesh wound in the leg. I have to report that officers and men behaved with admirable bravery and coolness Page 54 54 COASTS OF S. C., GA AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. ~CHAr. XY. The loss of the enemy from the well-directed fire of our skirmishers, canhot be less than 40. Our loss is wounded, 2 missing. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. M. FENTON, Colonel Eighth Michigan Regiment- Brigadier-General STEVENS. No. 4. Report of Lient. Col. James L. Fraser, Forty seventh Yew York Ii~fantry. IIEADQUAnTERS FORTY-SEVENTh REGIMENT N. Y. S. V., Hilton Head, January 3, 1862. CAPTAIN: Pursuant to orders from Brigadier-General Viele, 1 em- barked with my regiment on board the United States steamboat Boston on or about noon Tuesday, December 31, 1861, and was ordered by Geueral Sherman to report to Brigadier-General Stevens at Beaufort, where we arrived at, say, 6 p. in., remaining on board off said place until, say, 7 a. mu., the morning following, when we started for Port Royal Ferry, arriving some few miles this, an(l landed by means of surf-boats. Upon landing of the right wing orders were received to march. Taking my position on the left of Colonel Perry, Forty-eighth New York, and under his orders we advanced, and arriving at the woods, was ordered by Colonel Perry to reconnoiter with my regiment, and give all information as regards the position of the enemy. Discov- ered a rifle-pit. The right flank company, being skirmishers, fired, and instantly routed the enemy, holding sai(i pit, when orders came from Colonel Perry to return to the fort. During tIme night the regiment was detailed on picket and fatigue duty. At, say, 11 a. m. on the morning of January 2, 1862, the regiment crossed Port Royal Ferry and marched to Beaufort, went on board the United States steamboat Boston, and remained off said place all night. Sailed for Hilton Head early in the morning of January 3. Landed by means of surf-boats, and returned to the camp in fine spirits, and am happy to inform you that none of my regiment were either wounded, killed, or taken prisoner. I am, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES L. FRASI~R, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdy. Forty seventh Regiment N. Y. Vols. Capt. HAZARD STEVENS, Assistant Adjutant- Genera 1, General & ccens Brigade. No. 5. Report of Col. James H. Perry, Forty-eighth New York Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FORTY-EIGHTII REGIMENT N. Y. VoLS., Hilton head, ~. C., January 3, 1862. CAPTAIN: I beg leave respectfully to submit for the information of the general commanding the following report of the liarticipatloll ot my command in the affair at Port Royal Ferry on thc 1st instant: On account of some delay on the part of time Forty-seventh New York Page 55 CHAP. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 55 I (letained my column at Adams plantation (the place of landing) until the latest moment, and finally commenced the march before the arrival of two companies of that regiment. I had advanced pernaps three- (luarters of a mile, when I received an order from the general to bring Prward my command with the greatest expedition. We immediately advanced at double-quick until we overtook the supporting coluin ii, when I received notice of the existence of a battery threatening our right flank, and was ordered to attack and capture it. In obedience to the order, I immediately deployed my column, and forming double line of battle advanced upon the position of the enemy, the Forty-eighth New York, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Barton, leading, sup- ported by the Forty-seventh New York, under the command of Lieuten- ant-Colonel Fraser. When my first line was fairly under fire at long range it was halted tinder shelter of the timber and protected by the inequalities of the ground, and I sent forward two companies of skirmishers, with or(lers to ascertain the exact position of the battery, the best method of approaching it, the number of its guns, and with what force it was supported. The skirmishers were met by a sharp fire of artillery and musketry, but they went forward stea(hily and rapidly, and soon reported to me that a marsh covered the front of the enemys position ,and that they had at least four guns, supporte(1 by a heavy force of infantry. I theii advanced the Forty-seventh New York for the purpose of maneu- vering upon the left flank and gaining the rear of the enemy before attacking in front. The Forty-seventh pressed through the timber, and had gaine(l a position well on the left and rear, an(l their advance had exchanged a few shots with the enemy, when I received the generals order to retire, the battery on the river having beemi taken and the object of the expedition accomplished. I drew off my men without loss. Three members of the Forty-eighth Regiment were slightly wounded, but not a man was disabled or ren(lered unfit for duty. I am happy to add that the men and officers of my command behaved with great steadiness and resolution, obeying the word of command under fire as if they had been ou drill. Very respectfully, J. H. PERRY, Colonel Forty-eighth Regiment New York Volunteers. No. 6. Report of Mcj. David ~lEorrison, Se-centy-niuth New York l4antry. IIDQRS. SEVENTY-NINTH REGIMENT (IIIGHEANDERs), Beam~fort, 8. 0., January 3, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you my report of the part taken l)y the Seventy-ninth (llighlanders) with time expedition on the 1st instant under your command: Agreeably to orders receive(l on the afternoon of the 3t~t ultimno, I moved seven companies of my tegitnent, consisting of the 1st, 2(1, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th, an(l 8th companies, to the creek leading to tIme Brick-yard, reach- ing that point at 5 oclock J). in., where they bivouacked for the night. At 4 a. mm on time mnormilmig of the 1st instant I received orders to embark in boats, seven in number, furnished by Lieutenant LyQns. Having accomplished this satisfactorily, I procee(le(l (lown time creek leading t Page 56 56 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAr. XV. the Brick-yard, and was there joined by five large man-of-war launches, manned by sailors and armed with howitzers, who conveyed us to the l)oint directly opposite on the main-land, known as Landing, where we arrived about 8 oclock a. m. and disembarked. By your orders I immediately advanced a party of skirmishers to scour the woods in the vicinity, which was done without opposition from the enemy. I then formed the battalion and advanced, sending forward two companies, the 4th and 5th, as skirmishers, and took the road leading to the Adams plantation. We were accompanied by a l)arty of sailors, with two small brass howitzers, and arrived there about noon. This ol)eration was under the immediate direction of Capt. Hazard Stevens, the assistant adjutant-general. After resting about half an lEar I was or(lered to take up the position in advance leading to the enemys fort at Port Royal Ferry. I advanced about half a mile and halted until receiving further orders, which were given by Captain Ste- vens, viz, to send forward skirmishers and advance. I detailed for this purpose the 4th and 8th companies, who at once took up their position ~ms such at about a quarter of a mile in advance of the main body of the battalion. The order was theiu given to move, which was done in gal- lant style. The men were eager to tackle the enemy, and it was with (hitliclilty I could restrain them from pushing forward. Having advanced about the distance of 1 mile the enemy opened fire npon us from a bat- terv iii the woods on our right flank, some of the shells falling in our midst, but happily without doing any injury, my men remarking that their shells were warranted not to kill. I continued to advance, and took up a position within half a mile of tile fort, and rested for some time until I received orders from you to advance and occupy the fort, which had already been taken possession of by my skirmishers, who exchanged a few shots with the retreating foe. I entered the fort and ftmnd it evacuated by the enemy, leaving behind them one cannGn, spiked. I am happy to be able to report that the whole operation was conducted without loss. In closing my report I deem it my duty to bring before your miotice the exemplary and soldierly conduct of t he llighlanders, every one acting as if on parade, and confident that their general would lead them to vie tory. Captain Stevens noble conduct excited our admiration, and their conililence and attachment to him are none the less than towards yourself. Respectfully submitted by, general, your most obedient servant, DAVID MORRISON, Mi~jor, Corn mct nding Secenty-n in Ut Jlliighlanders. General ISAAC I. STEVENS. No. 7. Report of Lient. William St. U. Elliott, & centy-winth New York Infantry. SEABROOKS FERRY, January 2, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report that the body of troops assigned inc for duty on Jalluary 1, instant, were in position along the bank of the river opposite Baruwells Island before daybreak, awaiting the arrival of the gunboats. About 8 oclock 1 manned a boat and went down Whale Branch to meet the vessels on their wily up the mix-er, as I wa Page 57 CLIAL. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 57 anxious to communicate with them in relation to a code of signals I had instructed two men in for the purpose of properly directing the gun- boats line of fire. I met them about 1 mile below, and went on board the Seneca and communicated my wishes to Captain Ammen, who very kindly gave me all the assistance in his power. I suggested that a few shell should be thrown into the enemys works opposite Seabrooks Ferry and then a number back in the woods to the right and left. I had no idea at any time that there were more troops than one picket stationed at their works, bitt apprehended a concealed force in the woods to the tight. At a given signal from me the troops, who until now lay con- (-ealed iu the bushes, manned the fiat-boats in the following order: 1st, 9th Company, and, 2d, 6th Company Highianders; Company B and Com- pany C, Ronudheads. I led tbe way in a small boat. The tide, for- tunately, was very high, and I could thus take the fiat~ directly across 200 yards of marsh that intervened l)et.ween the river au(l the enemys works. The companies landed in regitlar succession, except Company C, Round- head regiment, which I did not think it necessary to land. We found the work, as we expected, abandoned, ~vith evi(leltces of a hasty retreat of but a small party of men. The works were nearly completed, and were intended for one large sea-coast gun and a field battery. The maga- zine was rather out of proportion to the size of the works, being amply large enough for a foi-t of six heavy pieces. The works were admirably masked amid pretty well constructed. I threw out a semicircular line of pickets, who reported small bodies of the enemy some distance in the intetior. I gave orders for the entii-e destruction of the work and the felling of trees, while I started in my boat for Stewarts plantation, for- merly the headquarters of a rebel l)icket, and situated about half a mile from Port Royal Ferry. I made a successful landing, and searched for late papers and letters or other property of service to the Army. I found none of the former, and all of the latter is now in possession of Captain Stevetis, assistant adjutant-general. Fromn this point I had a very good view of the bat teries at Port Royal Ferry and I fomtud them quite deserted. This must have been three hours before possession was taken of the place by the troops under Colo- nel Leasure. I should have immediately gone there had I known offi- cially that another columit was approaching from the right. I returned to my command, and findimmg the work of destritetion about finished, with the exception of all the trees, and not having sufficient axes for the purpose, I withdrew the troops after some trouble, as the tide had fallen and the fiats were floating in an adjacent ci-ecl~, the troops consequently being obliged to march some distance through heavy mud. I relanded amy c omumand at Seabrooks without further (lifficultv. Truly and respectfully, ~\T ST. C. ELL1OTT, Conan and i ug Left Column. Brig. Ccii. ISAAC I. STEVENS. No. 8. Report of Col. B. C. Christ, Fiftieth Peunsylcania Infantry. BEAUFOJtT, S. C., January 2, 1862. SIR: I respectfully submit the following: According to Special Orders, No. , I left our encampment at Reaufoit at 5.30 Gclock p. mu. Decembe Page 58 58 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAP. XV. 30, 1861, with four companies of my command, viz, C, B, F, and K, and proceeded along the shell road in the direction of Port Royal Ferry to the cross-roads, where I was joined by Companies 1) a.iid H. We then proceeded along the shell road to the 6-mile post, where we bivouacked until 2.30 oclock a. m. January ii, 1862, when I again took up my line of march, under the direction of a guide, to a point on Coosaw Creek. From this latter point I was ordered by the general commanding to a point called the Brick-yard, on the upper end of Port Royal Island, and as soon as boats were furnished me to push across Coosaw River and land at the Adams house, where I arrived at 12.30 p. iii., and imme- diately formed a junction with Companies A, B, 0-, and I, tinder com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel Brenholts, who had reached this l)oint from Beaufort by boats. The whole regiment then took their position in the center of the brigade, and proceeded with it under heavy cannonading of the enemy over a narrow causeway an(l along a road leading to the fort at Port Royal Ferry. When within three-quarters of a mile of the fort I was ordered to move with the right wing of my coin lnan(l on the enemys right, with a view to snpport Colonel Fenton, of the Eighth Michigan, who was gallantly leading his command in the face of a bat- tery on the enemys left. I accordingly moved forward, taking the l)recaution to throw out small skirmishing parties, the better to watch the movements of the enemy and to guar(l against surprise. After moving forward about 300 yards my advance was tire(l upon by the enemy from a woo(l on our left. I called in my skirmishers, amid immediately put my command on a (louble-quick until within good musket range, when I discovered from 400 to 500 of time enemy forming in line of battle and evidently preparing to give mis a warm reception. I, however, anticipated his movement, amid before his line was corn- l)lcted mimic was formed and ready for action. I immediately corn- muenced ~, believe with tehhin~ effect for a firino- and I b t the third volley the enemy broke and beat a hasty retreat towards the woods. I again rapidly l)mishe(l forward, with a view to cut off his retreat and l)revent a junction with the main body, when I was arrested in my further progress by shells from our gunboats, which now caine pouring in among them, making sad havoc in their already decimated ranks. After firing one more volley at their broken and disordered ranks we retired about 200 yards out of range of the gunboats, and were subse- quently ordered to take a position near the tort, where we bivouacked for the night, and to-day, January 2, recrossed the Coosaw, and reached our encaml)mnent at 5 oclock p. m. Although the whole of mny command were within range of time enemy~s cannomi for a half hour and a portion of them within 100 yards of a detachment of Imis (the enemys) infrmntry, and for some timne sustained a heavy fire, I have no killed to report and imone wounded save M. Weidehhammer, of Company B, a slight wound on the right foot, and Emisign Herbert, wounded imi the leg by a spent piece of shell. I canmiot close this report without expressing my decided approbation of the conduct of 1)0th officers and mcmi of mny commandto the officers for anticipating almost every order, thereby rendering mny portion of the work comnparatively easy1 and to tIme men for tlmeir strict attention and promupt compliance with every command. All of which is respectfully submitted. B. C. CHRIST, Colonel, Corn m andiny Eftietit Regiment Pennsylvania Vola n leers. Capt. hAZARD STEVENS, Assistant A f(jatant- General Page 59 CHAP. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 59~ No. 9. Report ojJiieut. Col. Thomas AS~. Brenho its, I7ftieth Penusyicania Lfantry. BEAUFORT, S. C., January 3, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the move- ments and operations of that portion of your regiment which wa~ placed under my command on the afternoon of December 31; 1861: Soon after you had taken up your line of march I received an order through the assistant adjutant-general to form my command and march them to the wharf at Beaufort, where we were rapidly embarked in six flat-boats. In accordance with my instructions, I then reported for further orders to General Stevens, and, these being received, I pushed off with my command, consisting of Companies A, IA, c-, and I, under the guidance of Corporal Hurst, and after a long an(l laborious passage reached the Ottawa, where I confrrred with Captain Rodgers, comniand- i~g the fleet, and after leaving with him several negroes acquainted with the channel we pushed on, making but slow progress, the tide settin~ swiftly against us, and finally reached the Brick-yard, where we were informed that the place of rendezvous was farther on, at a point which we reached, after the most arduous rowing, about 2 oclock On the morning of the 1st January, 1862. The Highlanders here embarking in accordaiice with the orders of the general commanding, who was himself on the ground, we followed them, and between the hours of 6 and 7 effected an unopposed landing on the enemys shore. Here, pre- ceded by skirmishers from the Highlanders, by the boats crews with howitzers, and immediately by the Highland regiment, we took up our line of march for the ferry, seeing none of the enemy but a small 1)arty who were convoying a wagon, and from whom we receive4 a few harmless shots, up to the time of our being joined by yourself while we were lying in the rear of the house knowii as Adams. In conclusion, I would express my entire satisfaction w-ith the con- duct of the officers and men under my command. Very respectfully, THOMAS S. BRENHOLTS, Lieutenant- Colonel Co Col. II. C. CHRIsT. mman(ling. No. 10. Report of Col. Daniel Leasu cc, One h an(l)-e(lth Pen nsylca n la Lfa n try. FORT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY, January 1, l86~. GENERAL: Pursuant to your orders I (lisl)atchled two companies of my command, viz, Company B, Captain Dawson, an(l Company C, Captali Cornelius, to report to Captain Elliott, of the Sevei~ty-niiithi New York Regiment (1-lighianders), in command at Seabrook. on yesterday ; ha~t iiiglit at S oclock Lieuteiiaiit-Colonel Armstrong to a well-mask-ed 1)0- sition south of the Stewart house, iear Port Royal Ferry, with loin conipailies, viz, Company A, Captain rreifl 1)letOIl; Company (4, Captain Brown; Company I, Captaiii Squiers, aii(t (ompan M, Captain Camp where i~Th~.l-I~- 4L bell he reiimiiied ~ concealed fm-out enemy he 1-eccive(l ordcr~ to immove over the lerrv. \Xith llamiltoii, an(h Company K, Captain (kia1~iiiy I), Cal)tain Van Gordei-, I remaiile(h iii reservv- at tIme headquarters (A Major Morrison, of the Seventy-ninth New Yor Page 60 0 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CuAP. XV. Regiment, until 8 oclock this morning, when I placed them nuder charge ~if Major Leckey, with instructions to remain till ordered forward, and detain all teams and carriages, as well as all spectators, at that point till I gave orders for them to be permitted to advance. At 8.30 oclock I joined Lieutenant-Colonel Armstrong, and selected a point of observation at the fort, where with a strong glass I could observe the operations of the enemy in front and on either side along- shore. At that hour the enemy could be seen in force in and about the fort and for some distance in its rear. I couhlte(l about 200 men in the fort at that time, and the iiumber to the rear I computed at four times that number, but there was evidently a force of cavalry ~e- crete(1 in the forest still farther to the rear, as I could observe mounted nen in considerable numbers ~)assing the interstices of the woo(ls. At that time the enemy seemed unconscious of any attack impending, for my own force in front was ciThetnahlix- concealed, save the ordinary seii- tiiiels of the Seventy-ninth, which were posted as usual, and there was ~io evidence ot any approach visible from the fort. At 9 oclock one of the enemys I)ickets caine hastily in fi-om the east- ward, and immediately the forces in an(l about the fort fell into line, all(l the artillerists lnailue(1 the guns, an(l gave them a direction to coin inand time approach by water from the east. At 9.30 heavy firiiig on the west announced that the gunboats Seneca and Ellen were approaching from Broad River and shelling the batteries as they ad~-anced. This seemed to disturb the occupants of the fort a good deal, and they changed the range of their guns to command the ap[)roacll by water from that direc- tion. In a few minutes (say twenty) the firing to the east announced the approach of the gunboats Pembina, Ottawa, and Hale, anda look in that direction revealed those boats, or at least two of themthe Ottawa and P~mbinacovering the landing of troops in sniall boats from a transport lying at anchor about 4 or 5 miles to the east of time ferry. At 10 to 10.30 oclock the firing on the west was very heavy, an(l as the boats approached nearer and nearer and the shells began to explode in the woods along the shore and far back towards the interior the enemys infantry began to leave the trenches, and seek an opeit field to the east and rearward of the fort, where they lay (lown hi the deep furrows amongst the weeds. At this stage of affairs I ortlere(l Licutemmamit Marshall, comma amm(himlo Company K, of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment (who was for time time being with his command attached to my command), to send ami orderly to the position occupied by one of his 1)ickets alongshare east- ward, to communicate, if possible, the position of time enemys imifantry to the commanding officer of the nearest gunboat. In about half aim hour the Hale steamed up and fired several shells with great precis- ion imito the field, and the enemy raii off in all directions inlaim(l ,and I saw no more of them. Seeing the works apparemitly deserted, amm(l fear- ing the low tide might beach the fiat-boats, I sent some mmmcmi into them, with instructions to place them well afloat at low tide. 0mm sceimig timis some 20 or 30 artillerists in tIme fort rami out a field l)iece so as to com- mnand the boats, and, not wishing to precipitate matters ~r draw their fire unnecessarily, I recalled the mcmi, and at this juncture the officer imm command of the Pembina arrived, and reported to inc that you were omi time farther shore, with the troops accompanyhmg you, as indeed 1 had observed for some time ; and, fimither, that time gunboats wonld mit tip shortly amid shell out time fort. I imow instructed Coxswaimm Connor, who had been assigned to inc by Captaimi Fuller, to hold a party of water- mcmi, 43 in number, from Commmpammv 21, imm readimiess to l)mlt the boats int Page 61 CHAP. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 61 the ferry at a moments notice. Shortly after the gunboats on both sides. approached and began to throw shells into the fort. As soon as the gunboats began to approach the enemy withdrew one or two field pieces. and hastily sent them np northward, and also attempted to remove a heavy siege gun; but they seemed to encounter some (liffidulty, and they abandoned it with macli precipitation on the bursting of a shell from the- Ottawa, which fell in close proximity. I now observed your skirmishers of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment approaching carefully along the coast about a mile eastward of the fort, and judging that a rapid concentration of the forces was your aim, I ordered Lieutenant-ColonelArmstrong to advance the first detach- ment, Company IM, Captain Campbell, to the ferry, to be fidlowed by Company D, Captain Hamilton, and Company K, Captain Van Gorder. under charge of Major Leckey, and 1 attended to getting off the boats as rapidly as possible to meet them. Through the efficient aid of Cox- swain Connor, whom I take this opportunity of recommending to your favorable notice, the boats were at the ferry at the proper moment, and Lieutenant-Colonel Armstrong immediately embarked and crossed over with his detachment, and on reaching the fort he found it entirely aban- (loned by the enemy, and took possession of it, and sent Captain Camp- l)ell with a portiomi of his command to make a reconnaissance to the northward. Captain Campbell soon came upon the enemy in retreat. and received their fire without any damage, and returned it without knowing with what effect. The enemy, about 50 in number, continue(l to retreat, and a detachment of Captain Campbells company, while deploying in the order of skirmishers to the right, caine upon about 4(~ of the enemy guarding the approach to a hospital. The enemy fired upon Captaimi Campbells mcmi without effect, and on their returning the fire two of the enemy fell, as I afterw-ards learned, niortally w-ounded. and died instantly. I~eforc this I had arrive(l w-ith the mest of my com- mand, and a portion of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiin cut had also arrived, and in a short time you also ai-rive(L with your entire force, and the day was won. I am happy in being able to report favorably of my command, and. also to recommend to your favor Lieutenant Marshall, in command of Company K, of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment, for the time being attached to my command. His intimate knowledge of the local- ity and ready co operation deserve, as they have received, mimy warmest thanks, which I very respectfully submiuit. Your most obedient servant, DANIEL LEASUI~E, Colonel Ronudhead Regiment Pcnnsyl vania Volunteers.. ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Commanding Second Brigade F. C. No. 11. Reports of Lient. William S. Cogswell, Fifth Connecticut lifan try, signal officer. BEAUFORT, S. C., January 3, 1862. GENERAL: Agreeably to your instructions, received on the 31st instant, I reported to Captain Rodgers, on board the Ottawa, for signal service. Communnication was first opened with your command on th Page 62 432 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. main-land at Adams Landing about 11 oclock in the morning of the 1st instant, an(i was carrie(l on without interruption until our troops had all recrossed to Port Royal Island, on the morning of the 2d instant. By means of the signals the position of the enemy, your own movements and wishes, were promptly communicated to Captain Rodgers, enabling him to render you assistance, which otherwise would, I think, have l)een impossible. This is, as thr as I am aware, the first time this sys- tein of signaling has been used in action. I flatter myself that it has l)1oved successful, and trust that it will meet with your approval. Permit me, before closing, to call your attention to the able and effi- cient manner in which Lieutenant Taift managed the signals on shore. During the whole march from Adams Landing to the ferry lie so man- age(l it that only for a few minutes was he so situated that he could not instantly open communication, though iii order to accomplish this he -was frequently exposed to the direct tire of the enemy. All of which is respectfully submitted. WM. S. COGSWELL, Liemtenant in charge of Party attached to Second Brigade. General IsAAC I. STEVENS. BEAUFOJU, S. C., January 4, 1862. MAJOR: I hereby transmit the following report of signal operations: During the first of last month General Stevens occupied Beaufort, ~nd as soon as possible after our arrival stations were built and com- mimuiiieation opened with headquarters on Hilton Head, since which time time line has been constantly employed in the transmission of mes- Si 1~5. )n the 31st of last month I was notified by General Stevens of an expedition to surprise and take possession of a battery of the enemy, and received orders to report to Captain Rodgers, on board the gunboat Ottawa, for signal duty. On the morning of the 1st instant I accompanied Captain Ilodgers, who went with the launches to cover the landing of our forces. After our troops had landed I returned to the Ottawa, and opened communication with the shore at Adams Landing (a point about a mile and a half from the first landing, but in order to reach it the troops had to make a circuit inland, and were hid from the shipping by thick woods) about II oclock, from which time uimtil all our forces had recrossed to Port Royal Island, on the morning of the 2d instant, communication was uninter; upted. The (listance from Adams Landing to time ferry is about 2 miles (the ferry is where our troops remained overnight and crossed the next morning); the shore is swampy, and heavy woods come down nearly to the water, with occasional openings. lii these woods the enemy were posted, and through them our forces had to fight their way to time battery at tIme ferry. By means of your signals Captain Rodgers was kept constantly informed of the position of the enemy and the dis- 1)osition of our troops, and was thus enabled to (lirect his fire with pre- Ci5iOmI and without fear of injuring our own men. Nothing could be more perfect than the manner in which we were able to transmit communications; it exceeded my expectations entirely. 1)uring the whole march, which occupied some four hours, I do not think there was more than ten minutes (luring which we could not transmi Page 63 XI?. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 63 messages instantly. I3oth General Stevens and Captain Rodgers were pleased to express their appreciation of the iml)ortance of yonr system of signals. commending it very highly. Without its assistance I do not think the fleet would have been able to have rendered the great service it did and our land forces ~vould have met much greater resistance. in conclusion. l)ertnit inc to congrati~late you upon the success of the expedition and the J)alt your signals took in it. I am. sir, very respeettPllv, your obedient servant, WM. S. COGSWELL, L ieute)at )l t, Acting ASigiwi Officer Second Brigade .E. U. Maj. ALIIERT J. MYER. No. 12. of Le 1i~(pO)t8 ft. Jfen)7/ S. Ta~h~, Fifteenth Jlassachusetts i4antry, signal otficer. hEADQUARTERS SECOND ERIGADE E. C., Beam~J~rt, 5. C., January 3, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, agreeably to your instruc- tions, I accompanied tile exl)editioll tinder your command to the main- laud, 811(1 was present (hiring the engagement with the enemy near Port Royal Ferry on the 1st instant; that (luring the whole tune your requests to the commander of the gunboats were successfully trans- mitte(l by the system of signals invented by Major Myer. Tile firing Irom the gunboats was in this manner done in entire concert with you, and therefore proved the more effective, as the various 1)ositions of the ~-imeny were thins made known to Captain h1o(igers, commanding gun- boats. My signal tiag, carrie(l by ILm~-seli-, was rej)eatedly fired upon wheim in presence of the enemy. Without egotism, I claim the honor br Lieutenant Cogswell (who was on gunboat Ottawa.) and myself of hieing the first signal ofticers who have performed signal duty under lire upon the battle-field since the adoption of the system into the service of the United States; whet her successfully or not I of course leave to your judgment. eti nIlv. your obe]ient servant Verx- respe LIENIlY S. TAFET, Lieutenant, Signal Officer. Brigadier-General STEVENS, Corn )nanding Second Jh-igade. hEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE E. C Beaufort, 5. C., January 4, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to rel)ort that I was present anti took part in the battle of Port Royal Ferry on the 1st instant, Lieut. William S. Cogs~veh1 being on board gunboat Ottawa, acting in concert with me. Genci-al Ste veims (commanding our troops) directed all the firing from the gunboats during the battle through the signal qfficers, naming different points w-here their shells should be thrown, when to cease firing, when to open fire. & c., thus enabling the gunboats to use their artiller Page 64 64 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. with as much precision as though they were upon the field, and conse- quently creating terrible slaughter among the enemy. I had before the battle caused to be made some two dozen flags, blue White and white I to be carried by our troops, to prevent any mis- I Blue takes by firing upon each other, and also to assist the firing from the gunboats, which I believe was a great assistance, and effectually pre- vented any such unfortunate errors. Lieutenant Cogswell and myself had also arranged a simple code for certain messages, which enabled us to work with surprising quick- ness, and by so doing added still more to the success of your system of signaling. I believe that an impromptu code can always be arranged by signal officers for use upon any important occasioi~ of this kind, and when they know their ground, which will prove of immense service. I found in this manner that I could send a message from the battle-field to Lieutenant Cegswell between the discharges of artillery, when the smoke lifted, which could not otherwise have been done. My flag was repeatedly fired upon, the enemy seeming to understand its use and importance. Their battery, which was concealed in the woods, threw canister and shell directly aeross the field in which I was stationed, and, although they struck all around an(l near me, neither myself nor the man with me (Sergeant Thed) were hurt. My feet were first upon the shore of the main-land of South Carolina? the signal flag the first to wave, and it was kept constantly flying during the whole engagement. At 10 p. in. I returned to Beaufort with a dispatch for General Sher- man, at 1-Jilton Head, announcing our success, and Lieutenant Town immediately went back to the ferry to act in my place in case of necessity. I believe that the very great assistance rendered by the use of your system of signals ai(le(l very materially in gaining a victory for us, and that fact I also think is fully impressed upon the mind of the general commanding, as well as upon the officer commanding the gunboats. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, IIENI~Y S. TAFFT, First Lient. F~flcenth Mass. Reyt. Vols., Act.q. & g. Q~J F. C. Maj. ALBERT J. MYEE, (Join mending ASiyUC l Corps. No. 13. Letter from ift~j. Albert J. ]llyer, Signal Q~lcer, U. S. Army. OFFiCE OF TIlE SIGNAL OFFICER, A. P., Washington, D. 0., January 14, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit to the general commanding the Army the inclosed letter of special mention from General Stevens, the official report of Commander C. II. P. Rodgers, commanding naval forces, in the recent action at Port Royal Ferry, and the official reports of Lients. Henry S. Taift and William S. Cogswell, acting signal officers of the Army, engaged in that action Page 65 ChAt. XVI ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 65 The gallantry, good conduct, and services rendered by First Lieut. William S. Cogswell, Fifth Connecticut Volunteers, and First Lieut. Henry S. Taift, Fifteenth Massachusetts Volunteers. aetin signal offi- cers, having been of a character which has elicite(l the official approbation and mention of the officers commanding both the lan(l and the naval Io~~ces, I desire to brino their names to the especial notice of the general commanding the Army. I ant, sir, very respectf Lilly, your obe(liemlt servanT, ALLEiJ? J. MYER, A~a;nai OffiCer, iIPjOh, U. S. A nay. Brig. Geii. S. \XiLLI~MS, ~4ssistant ~t(ljUt(tflt- General, ;1. ~)fl~j (7 the J~OtO)fl((C. [Iii1uss~nt. I U. S. Fr~Ac-Suh1~ WABASH, Point Royal iIanlK)r, AS. (J.~ J(mn nary 3, 18G2. Sin ~ ~ Lieutenant Cogswell, a signal officer of the Army, was directed to report to me lbr duty, and furnished mae with tIme means of constantly communicating with General Stevens with a iheihitv and rapidity unknown to the naval service. I take this o~)~)ortunity of rec- time code of ivente(l by Majo~ Aiyer 1)0 at once ommeimding that simals im introdnce(l into the Navy. I have tile Ilonor to be, very resl)ectlully, your obedient servant, C. F. P. IiOI)GERS, Corn maa mm den. Fhig-Officer S. F. DUPONT, Commanding South Atlantic Blockading ,S~ucalron.. flnclosure. I HEADQUARTERS SEcOND BRIGADE F. C., Becn font, S. C., January 8, 1862. DEAR SIR: I desire to express my great confidence in your code of signals from my actual experience on the field of battle, and to call your attention to the great skill and merit of the signal officers of mimy eomn- mand, Lieutenant Taift and Lieutenant Cogswell. Iii may official report of the afihir at Port lloyal Ferry on I\ew Years Day I have stated that the signaling was a perfect success. It was indeed an extraordinary success. So far as I am advised, this is the tirst time it has been tested in actual battle. It affords me the greater satisfaction to be able to give this testimo- nial from the circumstance that I had faith in your code from the begin- ning, as you will well remember, and lent my humble imaine in favor of your appointment to your present position. Truly, your friend, iSAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier-General, Commanding. iMaj. ALBERT J. MYER, Signal OjJleen of time Army, Washington City. 5 R RYOL V Page 66 66 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. ICOAP. XV. No. 14. Return of casualties in the & nion jorces at I~ort Royal i~rry, S. C., Jauoary 1, 1862. [Compiled from records of Adjutant-Generals 0111cc.] Killed. WoUn(led. Mi5i4ilr. Command. I I f a S ~ 8th Michi,.an ~ 1 48th New York 9 50th Pennsylvania Total ~ 1 1 la No. 15. (Jon gratalatory orders front ]Jfc~jor- General ]iIieClella it, U. S. Army. GENERAL ORDERS, 1iDQRS. OF TIlE AnMY, A. G. 0., No. 99. Washington, November 14, iSGi. The Major-General Commanding aunotinces to the Army with sincere 1)lea sure, 1st, the brilliant reduction of the forts in Port lloyal harbor, by the officers and sailors of our gallant fleet, nuder colnmand of Flag- Officer S. F. DuPoilt, the utter rout of the etiemy~ the capture of the towil ot Beaufort, and the landing of Ili-ig. Gen. T. W. Shermans army 011 the coast of South Cai-olina~ 2d, the victory achieved by Brig. Gen. William Nelson at Pikeville, Ky., in which, after two days hard tight- 11mg, the rebels were completely defeated and put to flight; and, ~~1,the daring attack made by Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant, with an inferior force, on the rebels at Belmont, Mo., and the signal defeat of the latter, with a loss of all their artillery, baggage, an(i means of transl)ortatiou. The Major-General Commanding cannot too highly extol the steadi- ness, courage, and admirable conduct displayed by officers, sailors, and soldiers alike in these several engagements. lie commends them to the imitation of the whole Army. By command of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. No. 16. Report of Brig. Gem John C. Pentberton, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH MILITARY 1)1ST. 5. C., Pocotaligo Station, 5. C., January 10, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to iuclose herewith official reports froln Brig. Gen. D. S. Donelson, Provisional Army; Col. James Jones, Fourteenth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers; Lent. Col. D. Barnes, Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, and Maj. C. Jones, Twelfth Regi- ment South Carolina Volunteers, of their respective operations against the enemy in the affiuiir on the Coosaw PJver On the 1st instant Page 67 CHAL. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 67 About 9.30 a. m. on that day, hearing heavy and rapid firing, I moved with as much (lispatch as possible from my headquarters near Poco- taligo Station towards the direction whence it appeared to l)roceed. On reaching the camp of the Twelfth South Carolina Regiment, located where the Sheldon road and that from Pages Point and Cunninghams I3lnft intersect the Port Royal road, I found that no positive informa- tion had been received as to the precise points whence the cannonading l)roeeeded. Towards 12 m. I received the first dispatch from Col. James Jones, commanding Fonrteenth South Carolina Volunteers, stating that the enemy was landing in strong force at Chisolms Landing, and shortly after another informing inc that there was an evidemit intention of land- ing a large force from Chisoims to Port lIoyal Ferry. I immediately (lileeted Colonel Jones to have the siege howitzer arid the long 12-pounder iron gun on siege carriage (time only two guns of greater caliber than ~-l)onnder field pieees which I had been able to l)laee in l)osition on the Coosaxv River) in readiness to be remnove(l from the intrenchmnents at the ferry should their safety be threatened by the enemys advance on our left. I will here memark that the 12-pounder referred to, being very heavy aIi(l not equippe(l for transportation, was unfortunately, but ac- cidentally, overturned in a (hitch in the act of removal. The heavy fire from the enemys gunboats remidered it impracticable to extricate it with- out the risk of too great a loss of life. It was therefore spiked and left. I also directed Colonel Jones to move to~var(ls time emiemy at once, and to attack him the moment an opportunity shonld ofl~r, and, if corn- J)elled to fall back, to do so flohtino 1mm addition to his own regiment, Colonel Jones had nnder his command a section of Captain Leakes Virgin ia battery, which on several occasions during the day was effect- ively employed against the enemys columns, under Captain Leake in l)er- son. Forty cavalry, under Major Oswald and Captain Evans, and four companies of the Twelfth South Carolina Volunteers, Lieutenant. Colonel Barnes commanding) Colonel Dummovant being in attendance at the ses- siomi of the State Convention in Columnbia), were moved forward with as ma~1m (lispatch as possible. Colonel Barnes arrived imi timne to assist in opening the first fire on the enemys forces. To the reports of these officers (Colonel Jones and Lieutenant-Colonel liarmies) I respectftmlly refer for details of the operations of their respect- ive corps, though during the engagement Lieutenant-Colonel Barnes acted under the immediate orders of his superior. A large portion of the Tennessee brigade, nnder Brigadier-General 1)onelson, and Thorntons Virginia field battery were also ordered forward to time support of Colonel Jones. They did not, however, reach the field in time to take part in the actiomm; though nioved with the utmost prompti- tude, the brigade was (lisappointed in its- desire to meet the cimemy. I respectfully refer to General Donelsons report, here~vith. During the day amid succeeding night I was in frequent communication with Maj. C. Jones, commanding a detachment of three companies of his regiment (Twelfth South Carolina Volunteers) amid a section of Leakes battery, imear Pages Point, and in observation of Cunniughammis Bluff. The enemy, though expending a large number of shot and shell, did imo further damage ti man to burn the wood work of a battery which I was about completing, but for which I had not been able to obtaimm gnus. Ma] or Jones report is respectfully forwarded herewith. Although the enemy did not humid iii force at Pages Point or Cun- nimighamns Bluff, it was entirely practicable for him to have done so under cover of his gunboats at any time. This compelled me to Imold in reserv Page 68 38 COASTS OF S. C., GA., ANi) MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CIIAI. XV a sufficient force to meet him on the road in those directions; or ,should he so select, on that to Mackays Point, where a landinU was equally feasible, and would have taken my advanced troops in rear, should he succeed in forcing his way. For these reasons no other troops than those mentioned were advanced, though otheis were held in readiness at a moments notice. Colonel Martins cavalry CO~~5 acted during the (lay princil)ally as l)ickets and vedettes, the colonel himself rendering efficietit service as my aide-decamp when his other (Itities j)erlflitted. Our troops evinced from first to last a laudable desire to meet the enemy whenever and wherever it could be done upon anything like equal terms. On every occasion of his attempt to a(lvance beyond the cover of his gunboats he was driveti back or his troops (lisl)ersed. At 110 time during his occupatioli of the river bank did lie leave their pro- tection, and finally, when withdrawing to the island, (li(l so lln(ler a fire from his vessels almost as heavy as that under which lie had landed. I also transmit herewith reports of killed and wounded; man yofthe latter were slight, by far the larger portion of the casualties being from the shells of the fleet; yet, from all the iii thrmation I have been able to I ani t least equale(L our own. ohtan, couvince(l the enemys loss a My aide-dc-camp, Lient. J. II. Morrison, Provisional Ariuy, was nec- essarily engaged (luring the day in office duties. I ant much indebted to my volunteer aides-de-cainp, Messrs. J. Ilugnenin amid George Elliott. To the officers whose reports are transmitted herewith I have to return my thanks, and through them to those under their imillue(liate command. Also to Surgeon Turnipseed, Twelfth South Carolina Volunteers, for his untiring professional zeal, as well in the field as in the camp. I am, sir, very respecttnlly, your ol)edielit servant, J. C. PEMBERTON, Brigadier- General, Corn~na ndinq Fourth ]JEil. Dist. S. C. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 17. Report of Brig. Gem Daniel A~. Donelson, C. ~. Army. BRIGADE 1IEAPQIJARTERS, Pocotaligo, S. (J., January 5, 1862. GENERAL: I refer you to the inclosed report of Col. James Jones, of the Fourteenth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, which I found at my quarters last night, of all that transpired in the engagement of the forces under his comumand with the emmemy at l~ort Royal Ferry on the 1st instant. I reached the encauipment of Colonel Jones between the hours of 4 and 5 p. in. the 1st instant; l)roceeded about 200 yards, after a moments halt, to a point in the woods near the Keans Neck roa(l. here I halted my command, which consisted of eight companies of the Eighth Ten- nessee Regiment, the Sixteenth Tennessee Regiment not having come up, until I could make a personal reconnaissance by going into the field in which the Chaplin house was sitnated, with the view to taking posi- tion and to co-operate with the forces of Colonel Jomles. I saw upon entering this field our troops falling back along the road leading from the Chaplin house perpendicularly to time Keans Neck road, near th Page 69 ChAP. XVJ ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERL~Y. 69 point I had stationed the Eighth Tennessee Regiment. The troops of Colonel Jones, without halting, passed to his camp. Here, after making the acquaintance of Colonel Jones, I ordered the whole force to halt. I found at once the enemys shells could do us much injury without any al)ility on our l)art to return the enemy~s fire; they, the enemy in the field, having previonsly retired, under cover of their gunboats, out of sight. It being now near snndown, I ordered the entire command to fall back to a point out of the range of the enemys gunboats. During all this time, both at the camp of Colonel Jones and on the march to the rear to take position, there was a quick and constant firing by the enemy. No casualty happened, time shells falling to our right. They ceased firing just at dark. I have omitted to say that before getting to Colonel Jommes cain Colomith i\Luthm, conunanding regiment of cavalry, rode up, introduced him self, amid gave mime the direction to lead my Eighth liegimnent Tennes- see Volunteers to time point occtll)ied by themmi until lie and myself could survey the open field through which Colonel Jones regiment was then retiring. We thus remained ummtil they passe(l into the Keans Neck road, imear the point of location of the Eighth Tenimessee llegimmincm~t. At this moment, in time h)rel)arat.ion of this report, I received time in- closed official report of Lieutenant-Colonel Barnes, of tlme Twelfth liegi- memit South Carolina Volunteers, ~vhmo cornnmammded a (letachmelmt of four coml)ammies ot sai(l reoiumemmt iii the actiomm with time enemy on the~ 1st instamit at Port Royal Fem-ry. All ot which is respectfully subumi tted. I am, with high respect, your obedient servant, 1). S. 1)ONELSON, Brigadier- Genci-al First Brigade, Fourth illil. Dist. of S. C. J.Jmigadier-General PEMBERTON, Coni ~n a ad inq Fourth ~lliilitarq District Son Ut Carolina. No. 18. Report of (Jot. James Jones, Fourteenth South Carolina Lfantry. HEADQUARTERs FOURTEENTh REGT. S. C. VoLS., Toumotley, S. C., January 4, 1862. (inNEnixL: Iii obedience to instructiomis I have the honor to report flue followmng occurrences of the 1st instammt: Mv camnp was pitched on the roa(l fromu Gardens Corner to Port Royal Ferry, 1 mile from time latter l)lace, amid where a road diverges eastward at nearly a right angle with the Port Royal Ferry road lead- imig- imito Keamms Neck, and nearly pam-ahlel with an(l about a mile distant froum Coosaw River. At the teruminatiomi of time causeway of the ferry, on the northern bank of the Coosaw River, an earthwork was thrown im~m to prevent a crossimig at that point, armed with two siege gnus (a howitzer an(l 12-poumuder gun), under time command of Lieutenant Webb time 12-pounder beimig mimanned by an inexperienced detail fromn my regi- mu en t, and supported by a section of Captain Leakes field battery. Two of my companies were sent out on picket dutyone (Company B) comumauded by Captain [A. P.1 \Vest, at Ada.mns place, two and a half miles distant, on the Keans Neck road; amid th~ other (Compan Page 70 70 COASTS OF S. C, GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. II), commanded by Captain [Ed.] Croft, at a church 2 miles farther on the same road, and near the bridge and causeway leading into Chis- olins Island, with orders to guard the bridge and causeway above referred to md ith orders to send out pickets and scouts into Chis- C olins Island. Two other companies were at the ft~rry, to support the battery there, leaving but six companies at my camp. About 7 oclock on the morning of the 1st instant, Captaiu Croft communicated time intelligence tQ inc that the enemy lla(i landed in force on Chisolums island. He estilnate(l time number at two regiments, as he saw a long column advancing with two regimental staimds of colors anti two pieces of artillery. Soon after this (about 7.30 oclock) Captain West dispakched a courier to me, with the information that the enenmy had landed at Adams 1)lace anti were a(lvamicilmg in strong force to time [(cans Neck road. I ordere(1 forw~ r(i Lientemmant-Coloim el [Samuel] Mc- Gowan with three comnpam mies of my regiment, coin man (le(i by Captains [NV. J.] Carter, [A.] Perrin, and [D. C.] Tomnkimis, aiid one gun of Cap- tain Leakes section, to support Captain West, whom lie met at about one and a half miles, retiring in good order towar(ls mimy camni), whemi lie formed his line of battle. I withdrew my two companies from the earth- work at the ferry, and, assiste(i i)y Major [NV. 1).] Simpson, ~vith tIme five companies commanded by Captains [W. L.] \Xoo(l, [J. N.] Brown, [R. S.] Owens, [H. H.] Harper, amid [M. C.] Taggart, took post near Chaplimis house, to intercept ammy colnmmmmm that immight attempt to pass along the margin of the river to time ferry, amid at time same time to be in supperting distance of Lientemiamit- Colommel McGo~van. No attempt was ma(ie on the part of the enemimy to advance in any directionprobably waiting for a sufficiemit tide to allow- his gumiboats to advanceuntil 12.30 p. in., when time gimmiboats begami to move up slowly towards the ferry amid to throw shells rapidly, when a message from Lieutenant-Colonel McGowamm imiforimmed inc that time emmenmv were advancing along tIme Keans Neck road. Regarding time earthwork at time ferry miow ummiinportammt, as the enemy had effected a landing at another point, I ordered Captain Leake and Lien tenamit Webb to withdraw their gumis froIn that position, Captain Leake to brimmg his gun to Lientemmant-Colomich MeGowaims hitme, and I procee(lcd with my five cOmnl)aiiies also to his support. Soomm after I arrived at Lieutenant Colonel McGowans liime nmy other coumpammy (Captain Crofts)wlmich had been poste(l at time church on the Keans Neck road, and, omi accoumit of the landing of the emmemy at Adams, could not return by that roadmade a circuitous march by another road, in obelience to my instructiomis, amid joined time regimnemit. The whole regimnent was then put iii line of battle, the left resting on Captaimm Leakes sectiomi of his battery, placed imi the road, amid time right exterm ding towards the river as f~r as I deemed i)racticabhe. I had just got imito 1)OsitiOLi when Major Oswald, of Colommel Martins re~iment reported to mmmc with 42 monimted mneim, an(i I (hirecte(i imimmi to take Post upomi my left. Almost at the same time Lieutenant-Colonel Barimes, of the Twelfth Reoimnemmt South Carolimia Volunteers, reported with four compammies of that regimemit, and I directed him to return to Chaplins lmonse (the position I had left) aimd to gmmard to the river bamik. Time emmeumy, instead of advancing, as I smipposed lie would (10, along tIme Keans Neck road, to attack nmy camni), amid time ommly route by which he could brimig up his artilhery, left his artillery imi his rear, and advanced close along time river bank and across the adjacemit fields alm(l woods, creeping alomig opposite his gunboats, five of which steamed slowly on, throwing shelhs in advance of and over his trOoh)5 Page 71 CHAP. XV.1 ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 71 As soon as his column advancing by the margin of the river could be seen Captain Leake opened upon it, scattering it right and left and driving it out of view, down the slope, to the marsh; and when those advancing across the fields appeared before my right wing, I opened fire upon them ~vith musketry, dispersing and (lriving them back to the river, nn(ler shelter of their gunboats. When I became satisfied that the enemy would not advance by the Keans Neck road I changed my position to Chaplins house, iiear the ferry, in support of Lieutenant-Colonel Barnes command; but when I arrived with the head of my regiment at that point I saw that I was too late to accomplish any useful purpose. The enemy had reached the earthwork at the end of the causeway in large force, and were protected by the guns of t.hree steamers in the river near the bulkheads of the ferry. I then withdrew the ~vhole command to my camp, to wait for further orders from general headquarters. On arriving at my camp 1 met you at the head of the Eighth Regi- ment Tennessee Volunteers, and 1)laced myself under your orders. I cannot state with certainty the loss of the enemy, but I have reason to believe it was considerable in killed and wounded. Wherever we met him we invariably drove him from the field in confusion to the l)ro- tection of his gunbots. We saw many dead upon the field and cap- tured 2 prisoners, badly wouu(led, both of whom have since died. I was not only satisfied, but highly gratified, with the conduct of all my officers and men (lurimig the engagement. Their coolness and enthu- siasmn were admirable. I herewith transmit a complete list of time casnalties~ in my regiment. I also transmit two orders received durimig the engagement from the general commanding the Fourth Military i)istrict of South Carolina.i I have the honor to be, general, very resj)ectfnlly, yonr obedient serv- ant, JAMES JONES, Colonel, Commanding Fourteenth Regiment ~. C. Vols. Brig. (}en. D. S. DONELSON, Commanding First Brigade, Fourth Military District AS. C.. No. 19. Report of Lient. Col. Dixon Barnes, Twelfth Regiment South Carolina In fantry. TOMOTLEY, S. C., January 5, 1862. GENERAL: I transmit here with the report of Lient. Col. I). Barnes of the affair at Port Royal omi the 1st instant. I have no remarks to make on it except to correct the (histance of my line front my camp at the time the lieutenant-colonel reported to me, which is probably immaterial; but the line was about 1 mile from my camp instead ot half a mile, as stated by Lieutenant-Colonel Barnes. I am, gemierul, very respectfully, your obe(hient servant, JAMES JONES, Colonel, Commanding Fourteenth Regiment S. C. Vols. General D. S. DoNvLsoN, First Brigade, Fourth Military District South Carolina. *Embodic(1 i~ No. ~ 75. Not found Page 72 72 COASTS ~F S. C., GA., AND MiDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CILiP XV. [Inclosure. I JThADQUARTEUS TWELFTH ItEGn1ENr S. (2. NOES., Sin : I submit the following rel)o1-t of the part 1)erfOrmed in the recent aiThir at. Port Royal Ferry by the (letachinent of the T~ve1fTh Reginient, nuder my command I3etween 1 and 2 p. in. of the 1st instant I left Camp Pemberton, near Gardens Corner, ~vith Adjntant Talley and fonr companies of the Twelfth Regiment, to wit: Company A, Captain [XV. II.] MeCorlile; Company 13, (Captain [John L.J Miller; Company 0-, Lieutenant [John M.] Moody; and Company I, Lieutenant [H. NV.] Campbell, nuder orders from the brigadier-general commanding the Fourth Military District to proceed to join the Fourteenth Regiment in resisting the reported advance of the enemy from Chisolms Point, where it was said they had landed in force. On reaching the camp of the Fourteenth Regiment, at the junction of the road leading to 1(eans Neck with the Port Royal Ferry road, I ascer- tained that the earthworl~s at the ferry had been abandoned, and that the Fourteenth Regiment, with some of the pieces, had a(Ivance(l down the former road, leaving a small guard, with a howitzer, at time camp. I followed with may command, the direction being nearly l)arallel to the river an(1 within easy range of the heavy guns of the enemys vessels but we caine up with Colonel Jones regiment about a half mile from their camp without having sustained any loss from tIme few shells which were fh-ed. That regiment was then filing off from time road to the right, and upon reporting to Colonel Jones I was informed that the enemy were advancino on time rio-lit amid was ordered to countermarch to a h gate-way some 30() yar(ls to the i-ear. from whichm a roa(1 extended dim-ectlv tow-am-(LS the river, and thus to gain a positiomi to the i-h2]mt of that ocen- ])ie(1 by time Fourteenth Regimnemit. On reaching the gate-way indicated I (lis(-oveI-ed that the road to which I had becim (hirecte(l ran through the mnid(lhe ot ami extemisive cotton field bounded on our i-iglmt by the Port rv i-oad and on time left for some 20() yards 1 a woo(1 of small Royal 19cr l)iuCS imito which time Fourteenth Regimemit had filed, an(l beyomid that wood, on tIme left, by a mail fence, whmicim separated the cottomi field from other open lamids. l)irectlv in fromit of time gate-way, abommt a quarter of a mile (listaimt, a ridge, wimereon stoo(l a d~velhimmg ami(I outbuildings (kmmowmm as Chaplins), amid which was pai-tjallv covered with trees and mmndergrow th, extended froimi the Port Royal Ferry road, on time i-ight, to a considerable distance be~ oral the fence refrrred to, omi our left. My (letachment muarched from time gate to the left, crossing tlme cotton field diq onally, so as to advamice imearer to the h)o~itiomm of the Four- teenth Regiment, aml(l at time same time gaum a l)omnt between its right umd the imvei-. This we (lid an(l lom-mne(l in 1mm mmn(lt1 cover of time fhmmce oni mmoht resting near the midge. Time Fomirtecath Regimnemit was imid- den Imom us by the intervenimig gm-owth of pmnc~ but to time trout of our linac time ~ mew was unobstructed for a consmdcm mbk (listamince. Tin-ought thm~ opemi mrca we soon saw time enemny adx ancimig as skirimmishers npon the mm hint of the Fourteenth Regimnemit, app nuintiN mu ignorance of our h)o~mtmon That regiment opened fire, and umumnedmately afterwaid I or- dere(l mimy detachment to advance. They responded l)rOmni)thy, ~vitii a cheer. ammd, heaping the femmee, we advamiced at a i-mimi, liming inLj)O1i time enemy. T [icy m-eturae(l the tim-c, womimindim ig 2 of (mm- ninemi, ami(l tied, screemumag themselves behind a poimint of woodlamid to ommm- might. The firimig from time Fourteemitim Regimnemut also ceased; amid it hmaximmg been repomted to me by a few mcmi of Compammy Ii, l)oste(h on the riinl~-e to ou Page 73 CIJAI. XV.] ENGAGEMENT AT PORT ROYAL FERRY. 73 right to observe the movements of the enemy in that direction, that they were moving down towards the ferry between our right and the river, I ])roceeded to deploy one company, and subsequently the remaining three, along the ridge at right angles to the line of our former position, and about 100 yards farther to the right. We had scarcely gained this grollu(l 1)efore the enemy were seen advancing (Ii reetly towards our new front, and shortly afterwards a body of them appeared towards our right at a gate oim the Port Royal Ferry road. The right of our line fired 111)011 the body of men at the gate, who gave way and ian l)reci~)itately, and about the same time our left fired upon those near our front. These latter also disappeared among the thick growth of pine, and the fire of the enemy ceased entirely. I now ordered the detachment forward itito tIme wood which covered the eminence. We had, however, advamiced but a few paces, whemi Col- onel Jones rode up to our line, and I then saw the regiment of the latter and another regiment, which I afterwards learned was the Eighth Ten- nessee, advancing to our support, marchiiig by a flank along the ioad through time cotton field in our rear. At this mnomeiit the enemy6 gun- 1)oats opened a heavy lire of simell, and the whole force was ordere(l to fall back. Whiile returning throuTh the field my (letaclmmelmt lost 1 killed and 2 wounded. This loss resulted from the enemys shells exclusively, their infammtry making no Pmrther deiiion stratiomi whatever. Throughout the afihir Adjutant [W. II.] Talley ren(lere(1 mae t~reat assistance in the execution of the various itiovements, an(l (li(l his (luty iii ever~- resl)ect in a manner entircl~- satisfactory to me. Surgeomi Turnipseed joimmed the command a short time before we first fired upon the enemy, and emltere(l at once 111)011 the (lisehlarge of the duties of his position. his services were valuable, espeejally iii the re- muoval of the wounded fromn time field wlmile it was still un(ler lire of the en cmv. The conduct of the whiole conmimiamid was goo(l. They obeyed orders promptly, and exhibited enthusiasm when time prospect was l)Leserlted of meeting the foe t~mce to Thee upon a Thir field of battle. I forward herewith the report of Surgeon T 11111 il)seel. * I am, very respeetfulhy, your obedient servant, 1). I}AIiINES, Lieutenant-Colonel, Comndy. Detachment Twelfth Reyt. ~. C. Vols. Lieutenaumt READY, Adjutant ITo n eteen fit PCqinmeu t South Carolina Volunteers. No. 20. Report oJMaj. Cadwalader Jones, Twelfth South Carolina Injuntry. PAGEs POINT, S. C., January , 1862. Sin: In obedience to your orders I proceeded from Camp Pemnberton, at 10 oclock omi the I st immstant, to Pages Point, and took comnmnammd ot the forces at this l)lace. They consisted of three companies of the Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers (Colommel I)unovammt), to wit: Captain [E. F.] l3ookters, Captain TI. C. Davis (Lieutenant [J. W.] Delleney commanding), and Captaimi T. F. Clyburns company; also Embodied in No. 22, p. 75 Page 74 74 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MJI)DLE ANI) EAST FLA. [Cm~. XV. one section of Captain Leakes Virginia artillery, Lieutenant Leake com- manding. I found the command well l)laced, tinder (luection of ZE. F. il3ookter, senior captain. On my arrival a heavy callnona(ling from two of the enemys gunboats, chiefly in the direction of time Island battery (not yet completed), was going on. II immediately sent a small detachment to this battery, which reported that the cimemny had burned it and made their escape. Very soon another of the enemys gunboats caine in sight from the (lirection of Cunninghams IJlnff amid lay off Pages Point. The three gunboats thell commenced a heavy lire of shells iii all directions I supposed with a view of effecting a landinr I imnmne(liately moveti the command under a considerable shellin% but without loss, to a point of safety about three-fourths of a mile from the boats. ~vlmere I remained during the day. About 4 oclock the enemy threw on shore some 20 mcmi, lmn(ler protection of their guns. They remained a short time and returne(l to their boats. At night I fill back to the springs, and at about 2 oclock iii the night I sent forward a (letaclimnent of 15 men, under command of Lieutenant l~ osehoron oh an(1 burned all the cotton ~ and cormi on the Point. This was efiectc(l in time face of the enemy, ~vlm lay in their gunboats oft Pages I~oimmt durino time mmioht. In the morning I retnrmre(l to my ftrmner position. The. boats of the emm& mny were still oft the Point, where they remimained without attempting to land, but passing occasionally iii time directiomi of Cunninghams l3limft; until the afternoon, ~vhen they left. At the samne time I ol)Served time emmemimy leave Port Loyal Ferry, as reported at the time. I have time hmommor to be, very re~})ecttiilly, your Oi)edient servant, CADit JONES, ilIoJor, Twelfth key mm eat & ) mm (it Carolina Volunteers. l}ii oa(lierAQjener~ll PEMI3EI? TON. No. 21. Reports of (Jol. William jg. Martin, Mounted Regi)nent. HEADQUARTERS MOUNTED LEGIMENT January 4,1861, [1862.] GENERAL: I avail myself of your suggestion to-day relative to time actiomi (31 tIme 1st muerely to report that a detachmnemut of mny regiment, uhi(ler lXlaj. C-. W. Oswald, reported to Colonel Joumes early in the day, an(I participated in the emigagement within their (lolible-barrele(l guns and navy revolvers that I was detained by General I~enmbertomm at his headquarters, an(l it was in carryimig or(lers for him that I had the pleasure of meeting you, and my local knowledge, which I have dihigemintly acquired, emmabled mmmc to point out the wax thmroiuolm the woods which you followed. Further, I have only to add timat after the emigagemnent I, with Colonel McGowan, ro(le at lull speed to the causeway near time enemys positiomm, ascertaine(l time condition of time wOumu(led amm(1 with the same gentlemamin an(l Dr. Turimipseed aml(l some soldiers rttulrmme(l and brought away the woun(led imm a wagoim, time emmemny shelling us wlmile so engaged. Respectfully submitted. XV. E. MARTIN, Colonel Mon n ted Regi~nnt. I3rigadier-General DONELSON Page 75 CuAP. XV.] NAVAL DESCENT ON CEDAR KEYS. 75 HEADQUARTERS MOUNTED REGIMENT, Ifeywood, January 4, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the I st instant I received orders from Brigadier-General Peniberton to send a (letachment of forty cavalry to report to General Jones, near the ferry. The detachment was under Captain Evans, as commander ot the company, aud Major Oswald, of my regiment. The (letachilient continued to act as a reserve, though engaged occasionally with the enemys skirmishers, whom they assisted in driving back, the double-barreled gun and navy revolver hax-- ing proved nseful. General Pemberton (lirected me to remain at his headquarters. At 3 p. m. he sent me to the scene of action to observe and report. On my way I overtook General Donelson with one of his regiments and led them to position by the generals request. I had no other part in the affair, except that soon after our regiments retired to the cover of the wood I proposed to Lieutenant-Colonel McGowan, of Jones regiment, to reconnoiter the field iii search of our wounded. This we did, advanc- ing on horseback at [full] speed to the spot in the canseway, where the shell exploded whiCh did us the principal damage. This was within ii 00 yards of the enemys position at Chaplimis house. Having found the wounded, we returned with Dr. Turnipseed, of Dun- ovants regiment, and a few soldiers, and with a wagon we bronghit the wounded away under the shells of the enemy aimed at us all(l the wagon containing the wounded. I have no casualties to report in my command. Respectfully submitted. WM. E. MARTIN, Colonel Miounted Regiment. Lient. 4. II. MORRISON, Assistant Adjutant- General, Fourth Military District S. C. No. 22. Return of casualties in the Confederate forces at Port Royal Ferry, S. (J., January 1, 186~. Killed. V~onn(led. Command. S Remarks. ~ 12th South Carolina 1 5 14th South Carolina 1 19 7 Ji(llt. J. A. Powers, killed. Martins regiment. No caaualties. Total 1 .1 p JANUARY 16, 1862. Naval de~cent upon Cedar Keys, Fla. Reports of Br4,X Gen J II It apmel, C. S. Army. hEADQUARTERS PROVISIONAl. FORCES DEPARTMENT EAST AND MIDDLE FLORIDA, Ifernandina, Eta., January 20, 1862. CAPTAIN: On the 16th instant the enemy, iii a steamer armed with five guns, made a (leScent 111)011 the harbor and village of Cedar Keys Page 76 76 COASTS OF S C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [Cu~r. XV. Having burned seven small vessels in the harbor, which were loading with cotton and turpentine (with the intention, information of which had doubtless been conveyed to the enemy, of running the blockade), and also the wharf of the Florida Railroa(l, ~vhieh has its Gulf terminus at that l)oint, and several ilat cars belonging to the same road, he with- drew and went to sea. There was 1)osted at this place a small force, consisting of a lieutenant and 22 men, belonging to the Fourth Regiment Florid~t Volunteers, placed there as a sort of 1)olice force, to protect the inhabitants of the Key (some SO or 100 1)ersons) against any (listurb- ance from bands of marauders. The lieutenant and 14 privates were taken prisoners, but 4 of the latter were subsequently released for rea- solis set forth iii one of the papers,* which I have the honor to forward herewith (as information) to the colnlnan(ling general. The rest of the men made their escape. There were three 01(1 guns which had been in battery on one of the Keys of the grotrp. but which had been condemned after insl)ectiomm by Xh~j. J. 0-. l3arnwell, inspector-gel)eral of this miii- tary department. as nuserviceble. They were never removed, however, as not being worth the removal, neither ti me guns nor their carriages. These gnus the enemy, nevertheless, is said to l~ave spiked. It is said that some of the inhabitants of the Key were reqllire(l to sign an oat Ii hot to take up arms against the Government of the (so-called) United states during the l)resellt war. I must not omit to mention a circumstance which retiects high credit upoim Commander Emnmnons. Three negroes escal)e(i from the Key and went out to his steamer; they were all ordered back tbrthwith. I am, very resl)ectftllly, your obedient servant, J. H. TRAPIER Br iga dier- General, Corn )flafldifly. Capt. T. A. WAsI-IINGTON, Assistant A djn tan t- General, Coosawli a tehie 8. 0. HEADQUARTEIIS PUoVISloNAL Fomtc Es, l)EPAuTMENT EAST AND MIDDLE FLO IUDA, Tallahassee, i7(1., 4(1 a ll(( )-y 31, 1862. CAPTAIN I have the honor to ackimowledge time meceipt to-day of a letter from time general commanding, un(ler (late January 27, from Coo- sawhuatchie. Referring to the late atibir a.t Cedar Keys, time. gemmeral says it 14(1115 1 1i~it liii CoL11111dU(liflg ohicci, with almost his entire lol(-e, were taken pins (Mills in (lay light by the crew of a manof war. I (lesile to kli()W time eireiiiiistances att& -l1(lillg 1 lie (-aptllre. Was any resistance lilalle ? 11 not, why did iiot the guard escape Iii rel)ly to all wimich I have the honor respectfully to sul)nmit the fol- lowing stiutememit No official rel)ort of the affimir has reached me of course, time ommhy commissioned officer of the guard having been taken prisommer. I learn, lmowever, through sources entitled to cre(lemmce, that no resistammee whatever ~vas attelnl)ted, tmn(l for time reason timat protest against it wmms made by a portion of the citiz~mms of the Key upoim tIme an(l (oul(1 ground that it would be hopeless, only result, by drawing the lire of time w-ar vessel, in a useless destruction of property and shedding of bloodperhaps time blood of women and childremm. The guard did attempt to escape and was captured imi the act. They embarked on JiIeIose(l pal)ers not of sufficient ilol)ortance for plLl)Iication Page 77 CIIAL. XX.J EXPEDITION TO EDISTO iSLAND. 77 board of a flat-boat, with no other means of J)roplllsion than poles. When they had reached mi(l-chaunel, their poles being too short to reach the hot- tom, they ~Yere left at the mercy of the tide, l)y which they were swept out, an(l frll easy victims into the hands of the enemy. If it is said that better and surer means of escape ought to have been furnished them in the event of an attack from an irresistible force, I answer that my letter-book contains an order, dated December 23, 1861, to the brig~tde quartermaster, to charter a steamer of 125 tons burden, for purposes of transportation bet~veen the Key and time main-land, and the records of this office show that this officer did his duty, and that the boat was chartered. Why she was not in place I know not. If it be asked why so small a force was left upon the Key, I answer that it was all that could be spared from more important I)oiltts, and that even this was in contravention, to some extent, of the instructions (by tele- gra~)hI) trout the commanding general. 1~y these instructions I was directed to order all the Florida troops to Fernandiua. In compliance with them, given when an attack was hourly exi)ected at the latter point, I ordered the two companies then statione(l at Ce(lar Keys to Fernandina. In a few days after their removal, and when it had become obvious that Fernandina was not then to be the object of attack, I received a paper from Cedar Keys, signed by a number of its inhabitants, setting forth their fears that certain persons who had been arrested there as traitors, and released afterwards for want of snificient testimony to con- vict, would, l)rompted by motives of revenge, ii ow that the troops were withdrawn, avail themselves of the oI)portunity thus afforded to wreak their vengeance upon their accusers, and requesting, therefore, that a guard of 20 or 30 men might be sent for their protection, I took the responsibility of promptly complying with the petition. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, J. II. TIRAPIER, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, ilssistan t Adjutant- General, Coosawhatch ie, 8. 0. JANUARY 2225, 18S2.Expedition t3 Edisto Island, S. C. No. 1Brig. (ha. Nathan G. Evans, C. S. A nay. No. 2.Col. P. V. Stevens, HolCoIa1)e Legion, C. S. Army. No. 3.Iash~act ions from General Evans ta Colond Stevens. No. I. Report Brig. Gem Nathan. G. Erans, (1. AS. Army. HEADQUARTERS TIIIIID MILITARY DISTRICT, Adams Run, AS. (1., January 25, 1862. CAPTAiN: I have the honor to report that the expedition under Col. P. F. Stevens, ilolcombe Legion, has succeeded in capturing about 50 negroes on Edisto Island, several of whom are the negroes that attacked my pickets at Watts Cut. I think after a due investigation, should any of time negroes be convicted, they should be hanged as soon as possibl Page 78 78 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. at some public place as an example. The negroes have evidently been incited to insurrection by the enemy. I have now as prisoners several negro~s, who say they can i(lentify the men who attacked~the pickets. I will keep all the negroes till the investigation is through, and would earnestly request instructions from the general commanding. The negro fellows not implicated directly I propose to iron heavily and work them under guard on the causeway now bein~- made at Church Flats. Colonel Stevens will probably arrive to-day with the remainder of the negroes. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. G. EVANS, Brigadier- General, Goinnianding. Capt. T. A. WAShINGTON, Assistchit Adjatctnt General, Charleston, AS. C. No. 2. Report of Cot. P. P. & eceits, Iioleo)nbe Legion, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS THIRD MILITARY DISTRICT, Ada ins Ban, S. C., Jannary 28, 1862. CAPTAIN: Thelosed I have the honor to submit the report of Col. P. P. Stevens, Ilolcombe Legion, commanding the expedition to Edisto Island. The negro men captured I have now under guard at this l~laCC. The women and children I have sent to the workhouse in Charleston. As five of the negroes have confessed themselves as being the party that attacked my l)iekets on Jehossee Island, I would respectfully ask instructions as to their disposition, as it is unsafe to return them to their o~vners unless they be obligated to submit them to a trial for their lives, an(l in case of acquittal to be removed from this district. Very respectfully, your obedient servant N. G. EVANS, Brigadier- General. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Assistant Adjutant- General, Coosa whatehie, S. C. undo u.c.1 HEADQUARTERS llOLcoi~InE LEGION, Clamp Walsh, January 27, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report: Pursuant to orders from the general commanding, at 6.30 a. in. on Wednesday, the 22d instant, I proceeded with a detachment to cross the Dawho on an expedition to Edisto Islan(l. My force was 120 infantry and 65 cavalry, composed of detachments from Captain Blairs company (attached to the Legion), Company A an(1 Company C of the infantry, and Company A and Company B of the cavalry. Major Palmer was in command of the cavalry, while 1 took the more immedi- ate charge of the infantry. The Rev. Mr. Baynard accompanied me as guide. After considerable delay at the inconvenient ferry near Mr. Grimballs (three-quarters of a mile long) and at the bridge over Watts Cut, between Jehossee Island and Edisto, I left the cut about 3.30 ~ in. and began my march on Edisto. About a mile from Watts Cut we passe Page 79 CILAI. XXI EXPEDITION TO EDISTO ISLAND. 79 l)r. William Baileys placeOld l)omninion ; found some I)otatoes; coru- house burnt, together with two or three other outbuildings; 1 horse and 1 mule shot, supposed to have been killed by the pickets ou Satur- day iu a field near by; 1 horse reported wounded. The detachmeut of cavalry throwu iu advance examiue(l the next plantation to the south- east of the road and reported no provisions, but the ruins of the corn- house still smoking. About 3 miles from the cut, just at the cross~ ing of the Edisto Ferry road, at Mr. Williani Whaleys l)lace, found 4 negroesJoe and his wifebelomiging to Mr. Whaley, and in charge of the l)lace ; Bill, belonging to W. U. Baynard, these all 01(1 aIl(l infirm, an(l 1~eter, belonging to Henry Seabrook. Peters manner being very iu- subordinate, and his holding one hand in his l)ocket exciting suspicion, he was seized, searched, ail(l tied on the (liscovery of a sharp knife in the l)ocket where lie had kept his hand. Old Joe, on interrogation, con- lessed to having heard of the attack of Saturday, and ~aid lie could lead us to the rendezvous of the attacking l)aity. Mounting some 30 infantry behind as many cavalry, I 1)roceeded with this force, added to the cavalry, to the l)OintMiss Mary Seabrooksumider guidance of Joe, but n~ trace of the negroes could be discovered. The dwelling- house had beemi very little used by the negroes, and their own houses deserted for a length of time. Returning to Whaley~s, I spent the night there. At Mr. Whaleys we found some 400 bushels of corii amid a few ~)ig5. On the 23d sent 1~etcr, under guard, to the pickets at Watts Cut with 1 horse and saddle ; took 1 mule and caut au(1 move(1 (lowli the umaimi roa(l towards Mr. Townsends. One (letachment of cavalmv covered mux- fl-out. while another visite(l time l)laces omi either side of the road. The detaclimnent on the south and east of the roa(l soomi found a l)arty of negroes, somne 10 in nuuumber, whioum I ordered to be taken into custody, and, through a fortunate inisummderstaudimmg of the order, they were sent ~mnmnedmatelv back 1 o Watts Cut; II therefore camimiot Iel)ort their names or l)lace of capture. Moving slowly until l)ast the Episcopal Church, my advanced party captured Paul, belonging to the estate of James Clark ; Penny, his wiPe, and Victoria, his child, belonging to Mr. henry Bailey, and on his place. One mule and cart were taken fromn this l)lace. Under guidance of Paul 1 (hirecte(1 my march towards 1~oint of Pines, imi which locality he said a imumber of negroes were assemubled. Arrived at Mr. Edward Whaleys place, a liumuber of imegroes were taken in the house and yard. They ha~ assembled here from all points. While securing these several others were taken in the adjoimuing roads and fields, some in buggies, some on horseback, and some in carts. Leaving a guard over the negroes taken, I moved on, nnder guidance of Paul, to Mr. Hopkinsons place, while a smnahl party, under Messrs. Elliott an(l Curry (I omitted to state that at Jehossee these gentlemen reported to me by order of the general commanding), proceeded to Mr. Berwick Eegar& s l)lace. By this time the alarni had been givemi, and the negroes were on the move for the lower pai-t of the island; the number captured was there- fore less than it would otherwise have been. A number were seen by Messrs. Elliott and Curry making their escape. Crossing a long foot- bridge from llopkinsons to Mr. Edward Seabrooks, several negroes were takemi at the latter place. Our party was there joimmed by Major Palmer, w-~o, with his detachment, llad 1)assed through a number of 1)laiitations, among others those of Mr. Evans Eddings, Mr. Lastree, an(l one belonging to the estate of Berwick Legar& At these places lie had either capture(l or pursued negroes, and our hands were no Page 80 80 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MJI)DLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAt. XV. quite full of prisoners. The infantry being in rear, as not able to move with the celerity of the cavalry, colnpelle(l to move rapidly in or(ler to be ahead of the alarm which was iiow spreading, I could not 5t01) to take notes as to the i~aines of the neoroes or their owners. The alarm must have been communicated in some way to the gun- boat, which was now seen approaching Mr. Seabrooks place. Leaving a l)icket there I proceeded to assemble the command, which was scat- tered over the three places last mentioned, and covering the march of the cal)tllred negroes, I moved back to Edward Whaleys, where I left the negroes under guard, and taking the infantry moved ra~~& lly back to Seabrooks to resist a landing, which seeme(1 imminent. On the march two shells were thrown at the Seabrook house, but by the time my 1)arty came up the boat had retired. Night closino iii I h cjuartered the infantry at Mr. Seabrooks an(l carried the cavalry to Whaleys. I regret to state that at the Legar& and Seabrook l)laces 3 negroes were either shot or drowned and a fourth woumided 2 women audi maim ran into the water amid refusino or fai1ino~ to come out were tired upon and (lisappeared beneath time water. Early on the 24th 1 dispatchme(l tile cah)tured negroes under guard, with orders to the lieutenant that they were to be reporte(l to the gen- eral commanding. I then proceeded with my force to the neighbor- hood of Mr. Townsends. Stopping at Major Murrays, I en(ieavored a field glass, to examine Eddingsville, but could (liscover no with signs of any persons in time village. Iii time mneami time Major Palmer, who Ii ad gone to Townsends, re- turned with 5 negroes, aimd m-eJ)orted, on their statement, that the enemy were landing iii our rear at Point of Pines. As I had heard one or two shells fired in that direction, I presumed they had thrown these to cover the landing, and thinking it prudent to secure my retreat in case the ~)arty should be greatly superior to mmmy own, I dispatched the cavalry to cover the road by which the emmemy was to approach, while I endeavored to pass it. Having passed this road, and the cav- alry reporting no enemy landed, I concluded that, as I had visited nearly the emmtim-e island, my couimmamid greatly fatigued, provisions scarce, and my return so far begun, I had better continue my march home. The infimutry reached Mr. Aikens summer hmouse about 4 oclock, after a march of some 13 miles, or thereabouts. Spendiuc the mm iglit on Jehossee, I returned to camp aI~ut 4 oclock OIL Saturday. Time result of the expedition was flue cah)tumre of soumme SO muegroes, nuemi, womeim, and children. I brougI mt off 9 mules, 10 lmorses, 5 colts, S carts, 1 two-horse W-agon, 2 carriages, and 1 buggy. Time immules and c:irts I thought might do for public service, aim(l the samne for the horses. The colts were bought by somume of the umeui. The carriaoes were used in transporting time sick amid tlme children. Time buggy xx-as l)ougiit by a Mr. Price, who accomupanied the exl)edition. Time colts and some of the horses not beimug available for 1)nbhic service, the parties capturing timenim are desirous of purchasing at reasonai)he prices. The mules will utmake good teams for army transportation. From mmiy observation and the report of umy umen I thiuuk there is very little provision omi time island, an(l only a simmall portion of timat caum be removed. I burned about 300 or 400 bushels of cormi alm(l a little cottoum, as fol- fows: Mr. Lastrees, about 200 bushels of corn; Mr. I3erwick Legar6s, near Eddiimgs, about 100 bushels of corim; Mrs. Martha M. Whualeys Page 81 CHAP. XV.) EXPEDITION TO EDISTO ISLAND. 81 about 125 bushels of corn; Mr. W. G. Baynards, small quantity of cotton and hay. The upper portion of the island is completely deserted, and this exl)edition has, I think, driven off the island nearly alt the able-bodied negroes, according to the information gathered. I think the negroes are congregated in large numbers on Botany Bay, in the vicinity of the fort. They have destroyed the bridges connecting Botany Bay and Eddingsville with the main island. Should it be desirable, I recommend that a force of 300 men be sent to Botany Bay, provided with the means of repairing the bridge which separates it from Edisto, and under instructions to make a surprise at night, when the gunboats cannot use their artillery. By this means I think nearly the entire force of negroes, numbering, according to accounts, some thousand, may be captured. From the confessions of some of the negroes taken, I think several of the party were concerned in the attack made on our pickets on Satur- day last. By permission of the general commanding I have this morning dispatched a foraging party to obtain provisions from Mr. Williani Whaleys place. The stock taken in the expedition is now in the hands of my quar- termaster, subject to the order of the general commanding. In conclusion, I beg leave to mention particularly the energy, activ- ity, and efficiency of Major Palmer, to whose exertions I think the success of the expedition greatly due. I also mention with pleasure the patient and cheerful endurance of all my mcii, who, anmid cold, rain, and a lack of provisions, were ready and prompt in every call made upon them. Very respectfully, P. F. STEVENS, Colonel Hoicombe Legion. Capt. W. II. IIOGERS, Acting Assistant Adjutant. General. No. 3. Instruc!ions from General Evans to Golonel Stevens. IIEADQUARTEuS Trim MILITARY DISTRICT, Adams Run, January 21, 1862. COLONEL: I received a report last night that the negroes on Edisto Island attacked at 12 m. yesterday our pickets at the summer house. I wish to capture the party and check this insurrection. The negroes have evidently been~ armed by the enemy, who are no doubt lurking in the rear. I send you an order to go to-morrow with 100 infantry and a company of cavalry to attack the party. Captain Miller has beeii in- structed to furnish every assistance. and will probably have the flats in imosition for you. You had better send your regimental quartermaster to fix the bridge over the cut. Should you not be able to cross the cavalry, you can dismount a portion and leave the balance as a guard. Send word to your pickets at Bennetts Point to keep a sharp lookout and to send word to Captain Perrin. The battery at Pineberry will receive orders to fire into an-y craft that should attempt to cut you offi I wish you to take four days rations, and to advance with caution as far on the island as possible, making a thorough reconnaissance, and find out 6 R RYOL V Page 82 82 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. the position of the enemy. Should you find him in strength and posi- tion as would warrant a successful attack, you will attack and drive him at least under cover of his guns. Captain Miller reports that there is a considerable quantity of pota- toes and some corn on the island. You will destroy all you possibly can with your party. All negroes taken will be brought over to the main-land to be sent to jail. Should any attempt to escape, they will be shot. On your return make a written report of your operations. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. G. EVANS, Brigadier- General, Corn mending. Col. P. F. STEVENS, Commanding iliolcombe Legion. [Inclosure.] SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS SECOND MIL. 1)1ST. S. C., No. 10. Charleston, January 21, 1862. 1. An expedition to act against the enemy in iNorth Edisto will pro- ceed to Seabrooks Island without delay. Captain Ives, engineer, C. S. Army, will have charge of the attack, be- ing informed of the desires of the brigadier-general commanding, and his directions will be obeyed accordingly. Capt. Alfred Rhett, S. C. artillery, will have charge of the firing party, and will receive instructions to open fire from Captain Ives. Col. Clem- ent II. Stevens, volunteer aide-dc-camp, will detail from the unat- tached troops in camp near the junction of Wappoo and Stono Rivers such infantry force as is requisite for support. II. Lieut. II. K. Stevens, C. S. Navy, is detailed as ordnance officer, and will report and communicate with Captains ives and lthett. III. The commander of the different I)arties will report to Captain Ives for duty on engineer service until in action, and receive instructions from that officer in the absence of other ordei s, the duty having been per- formed. By order of Brigadier.General Ripley: LEO. B. WALKER, Assistant Adjutant- General. JANUARY 2628, 1862.Reconnaissance to Wilmington Narrows, Ga., and naval engagement. REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright, U. S. Arr~y. No. 2.General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Brig. Geui. Horatio G. Wright, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS, Hilton Head, 8. C., January 29, 1862. CAPTAIN: In pursuance of the instructions of the general command- ing, dated the 21st and 25th instant, I proceeded on the morning of th Page 83 CHAP. XV.] RECONNAISSANCE TO WILMINGTON NARROWS. 83 2Gth, with the transports carrying my command, in company with the gunboats, to Warsaw Sound, Ga., where we arrived and anchored about 2 oclock the same day. The nuval portion of the exl)CditiOn, commanded by Capt Charles 1-I. Davis, U. S. Navy, was coml)ose(l of the gunboats Ottawa, Capt. T. H. Stevens; the Seneca, Captain Am men; the Isaac II. Smith, Captain Nicholson; the Potomska, Captain Watmough; the Ellen, Captain Budd; the Western World, Captain Gregory, an(l two armed launches, with their crews, from the Wabash, under the command of Capt. C. H. P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy. It was arranged between Captain Davis and myself that two compa. nics ottrool)s should be l)laced on board the gunboats, and that the latter should l)rocee(l to reconnoiter the passage known on our maps as Wil- iningtou Narrows. Accordingly the next morning, the troops having beeii taken on board, the gunboats proceeded up the Narrows, leaving the transports at anchor in the sound. I accompanied Captain Davis, in the Ottawa. No obstruction to our progress was met with, or any signs of an enemy discovered, before reaching a position in the Narrows between the plantations marked on our sketches as Scrivens and Gib- sons. At this point the passage forks, and it was discovered that the one leading to the right was obstructed by a double line of piling of heavy timber, near which we anchored. Soan after anchoring I went on shore with Captain Rodgers, of the Navy, to examine the lower of the three plantations, taking with us, to covei the landing, the two large launches, each carrying a boat howitzer, an(l to serve as skirmishers after landitig 20 men from the troops were taken, to act in connectiou with the ~ crews, which were armed with rifles. The place was found to be utterly deserted, with no evi- dence of its having been occupied for weeks and perhaps months. All the movable property of every (lescription had been carried offi No smamis of life were visible. Soon alter our return on board, however, a party of some 5 or 6 men were seen from one of the gunboats, who were dispersed by a shot from fhe vessel. The following morning, the 28th, I started in a small boat with Lieu. tenant Barnes, of the Wabash, tem~)orari1y with the launches, to examine the Narrows above time l)iles. Lieutenant Barnes had been over the same ground the evening before, with the black pilot Isaac, to a point which the latter represented as within a short distance of the entrance into Saint Augustine Creek. We l)roceeded a little farther only, as we came to fast land, where it was probable that pickets would be stationed, and, as we confidently believed, close to the junction of the two creeks. The banks up to this point were of soft mnd, rendering it impracticable to land, and overgrown with high grass, which made it difficult to see the surrounding country. We took carefully the bearings of the different reaches of the creek, and, as often as we could see them of snrroundin~ objects. The soundings nowhere showed a less depth of water than 20 feet, and the width is sufficient for any of the gunboats. The piling above referred to was therefore the only obstacle to the passage of the gunboats so far as we penetrated, and this it is no doubt practicable to remove. J mist as we were ])reparing to return we perceived the rebel gunboats, five in number, coming down from Savannah, and soon after reaching our vessels the enemy apl)eared tobe within the Savannah River. Our gun- boats at once opcne(l fire, as did those under the commamid of Capt. J olin Rodgers, on the other side of the Savannah River. The leading rebel boat, bearing aflag-officers pennant, was soon apparently quite disabled, and, turning back, made her way slowly to Savannah in company wit Page 84 84 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLX. [CUAP. XV. one of the others. The remaining three proceeded on to Fort Pulaski. All were represented to have had barges in tow. In the afternoon, while Captain Rodgers and myself were on shore at the plantation of Scriven and Gibson, the three rebel boats last referred to returned up the river, and the firing recommuenced, but the boats got past apparently without serious damage, and reached Savannah. This firing, though no part of the plan, was very instructive in connection with any l)rojcct for cutting oft Fort Pulaski by batteries on Wilmington Island or by gun- boats lying at or below the obstructions. It showed conclusively to my lnifl(l that steamers might mu the gauntlet, not without danger, but without any serious risk, even under so heavy and well-directed a fire as that delivered by our gunboats. The position from which to cut off corn- munnication between the fort and Savannah by way of the river must therefore be sought higher up. The plat of the courses of the stream would indicate that it empties directly into the Savannah River, and not into Saint Augustine Creek, as had been supposed, and other circumstances would seem to confirm this conclusion, though contrary to some of the evidence obtained. However this may be, there is no doubt that the stream we followed gradually approaches the river, from which it can be separated only by a narrow strip of marsh at the point reached by us in the boat. A posi- tion might, therefore, be taken up by the gunboats, after removing the obstructions, from which the river might be comirmanded, and it is quite possible that the headland alluded to as just above the point reached by us would permit the establishment of a battery which would com- mand both the Saint Augustine Creek and the Savannah River. Wilmington Island, as a simple military position, is, in my judgment, of no importance whatever, and any troops landed there could be of no real service. But should it be decided to cut off all communication by the Savannah River, either by gunboats stationed above or by the establishment of the battery alluded to, or b~ both, then the occupation of the island becomes a matter of high imnpo~tance, as in this way only can the line of communication with our base be kept open. Should it therefore be decided to intercept the river communication in this way, or to use the passage in any ulterior movements on Savannah, I would recommend the occupation of the island in force; otherwise not. The i)ortion of the island above Gibsons is marshy for one and a half to two miles back from the bank of the creek, and therefore no battery could, I think, be established by the enemy at any point above Gibsons which could seriously annoy our gunboats. The portion of the island below the plantation is also marshy. Having made the reconnaissance as above detailed, the gunboats returned to Warsaw Sound, and after consultation with Captain Davis, whose orders required him to return and report, I thought it best to return with him and report in person. I accor(lingly arrive(l here in the Ottawa just before sunset this evening, leaving the transports and the three other gunboats at anchor in the sound. I should have stated our nearest approach to Fort Pulaski was within long rangesay 2 miles while the distance from time fort to our anchorage micar the obstructions was much greater and entirely btyond range. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. L. II. PELOUZE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. Expedy Corps, ililton Head, S. C Page 85 CRAP. XV.] RECONNAISSANCE TO WRIGHT RIVER. 85 No. 2. Report of General Robert E. Lee, 0. S. Army. SAVANNAH, GA., January 29, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report, for the information of the Sec- retary of War, that five [?] days since it was discovered that the enemy were at work removing the obstructions placed in Walls Cut. This cut is the pass between Danfriskie River and Wright River, in South Caro- lina, and forms part of the inland communication between Savannah River and Port Royal Harbor. This communication traverses an exten- sive marsh, is crooked, shallow, and difficult of navigation, and though it was apparent that unless protected by batteries any artificial obstruc- tions may be removed, yet as the marsh is too soft and impassable to admit the construction of a battery, it was the only obstacle that conld be opposed to its navigation. The obstruction consisted of the hull of a large schooner, sunk in the narrowest and shoalest part of the cut, with rows of piles driven across on each side. A similar obstruction was placed in Wilmington Narrows, a small creek west of the Savan- nab, connecting Wilmington River and Saint Augustine Creek. Day before yesterday seven of the enemys gunboats were discovered at Walls Cut and six in Wilmington Narrows. They had reached the obstructions in each stream, and were apparently endeavoring to work through. Flag-Officer Tatnall, with his gunboats, descended the Savan- nah River and boldly engaged them, but the range and caliber of their guns were so superior to his, that after an hours trial he had to haul off, as he found that while their shot and shell were fidling around him, his shot fell short of them. His boats were, however, unharmed. Their T)osition was such as to disturb the passage of the Savannah, and the boat l)lying between the city and Fort Pulaski received three shots through her upper works. If the enemy succeed in removing the obsta- cles in Walls Cut and Wilmington Narrows, thereis nothing to prevent their reaching the Savannah River, and we have nothing afloat that can contend against them. The communication between Savannah and Fort Pulaski will then be cut off. The latter is supplied with four months provisions, and we must endeavor to defend the city. To-day I have caused to be sunk iu Wilmington Narrows the floating dock of this city. I hope this passage at least will be effectually obstructed. 1 am, & c., H. E. LEE, General, Commanding. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Th. FEBRUARY 6, 1862.Reconnaissance to Wright River, S. C. Report of ]Ifaj. Oliver T. Beard, Forty-eighth New York Infantry. HILTON HEAD, S. C., February 6, 1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that the reconnaissance or- dered by you of Wright River, its tributary creeks, and the land adjacen Page 86 86 COASTS OF S. 0., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CrIA~r. XV. thereto, together with the new fortifleations and raft in the Savannah River, has been made. Accompanying this report and necessarily forming a part thereof are maps of the section of country embraced in the reconnaissance.* The soundings or depths of water as shown in these maps were made with a great deal of care and noted at the particular part of the rivers where made, so that there might be no error as to the particular loca- tion of any soundings. They were always made rather under than over the mark, but especial care was taken to have them precise and so note them. It will be perceived that the course of Wright River is not precisely as laid down in the charts in the engineers hands. The cour~es as they are here laid down are made up from notes at each turn and bend of the river, being guided solely by a pocket compass. I think that in this manner I have been enabled to show very nearly the true course of the river and its tributaries much more accurately than they are laid down in other maps. There are many ir~ore trees on flog Marsh Island than are laid down on the accompanying map, but all those not so laid down are palmetto, and those on that island grow out of the marsh, their base being surrounded by water during high tides. The trees shown on this island are scrub pines, and are found in clumps on small dry spots scat- tered about through the marsh. These dry spots vary in diameter from 20 to 100 feet, no one spot being found larger than the maximum men- tioned. The island cannot be used for military purposes. The woods laid down north of Wright River are noted as taken from three points of observationIst, from the top of a large and high rice- barn on the bank of the Savannah River; 2(1, from the several points of Wright River and its upper tributaries, where soundings were made; and, 3d, from Red Batik, on New River. These observations showed the heavy timber, which in that vicinity always grows on dry ground, to continue in an irregular line, unbroken except by plantations from Red Bank, on New River, to the Union causeway near Lunbridges plan. tation. There are a large number of cotton l)lalltations embraced in this region, especially in that portion of it nearest New River. Leaving this, the character of the soil gradually changes, until from being a sandy clay at Red Bank it becomes at Lunbridges a porous, black, light loam, which is the only kind of soil used for the culture of rice. The rice plantations which are noted east of the Union causeway are of this character. An examination of the soil here shows that it looks very much like the d~bris of decayed trees and roots; very much of it is indeed nothing else. All this land is below the level of high tides, dikes thrown about the various fields preventing overflow. All these fields are very much cut up with ditches and canals; so much so as to be impassable by either cavalry, artillery, or infantry in face of an enemy. The ditches are useless except as so many barriers, but all the canals might be used as rifle-pits, and all the dikes for the same l)urpose, or to plant artillery behind, the soil being dry enough for this purpose. Though these plantations are surronuded on the front and rear by swamps, the canals entering them from bordering rivers or creeks affbrd easy access to the dry ground on them. There are about 15,000 bushels of rice on the plantations which I visited. The negroes have niostly all been moved up the country. The new rebel earthworks on an island in the Savannah River is completed. Two guns were mounted on Sunday last, the third was in the shears, while a Not found Page 87 CHAP. XV.] RECONNAISSANCE TO WRIGhT RIVER. 87 steamer w~s lying alongside the island with two more guns evidently intended to be landed. All the persons seen at work here were negroes. The raft which is war this point I found to be between 600 and 800 feet long and from 20 to 30 feet wide, extending across the channel at this part of the river. Portions of the raft have been daubed with some substance, probably tar or pitch. On the entire raft there is perhaps as much as six or eight cords of what is commonly called cord-wood. This has become scattered about the raft in all directions, until now there are scarcely two sticks together in any one point. Four piles have been driven near the eastern end of the raft. I could see none on the western. The pile-driver which was reported as being iu the vicinity of the raft for about two weeks was doubtless at work driving piles at the Fort Jackson wharf, as I could plainly see that new piles have been recently driven there. The map of the raft and fort will show my idea, but I am firmly convinced that this raft was never designed to be used for any purpose at any point below the north end of Elba Island. I am also of the opinioti that it is not intended to be moved from the present position except in case of an attack upon Fort Jackson. It is a harmless thing and very poorly gotten up. I think that an addition has been made to the southerly end of Fort Jackson, as noted by the line A B C. on map No. 2. This seems to be a wall, I think, of square logs, the ends buried in the ground, and fitting very nicely together. The flice A C has eight openings in it, and the face C B has sixteen openings and a door; these, I think, are for r~1fle purposes. The barbette guns on the fort have been covered over with logs and dirt. In the rebel camp below Fort Jackson I should judge there are about 700 persons. No other camps could be seen between that and Augnstine Creek, nor above the fort toward Savannah, nor are there any camps on the Carolina side between the causeway and Wright River, on the Savannah, except 12 men about one-half mile up the causeway. The rebel camp near New River does not probably contain over 200 persons, as there were not fires for over that number. On New River, at Boxs, a l)luff makes in, running about one-half mile on the river and thence extending back, according to the report of a negro on the place, to Bluifton. This is the only dry ground met on the right bank of New River, as far as I was enabled to observe. (in the left bank of the river, the first dry firm ground is met at Red Bank, extending along the river about 1~ miles; a swamp borders this on the north, and this is followed by another bank of dry land extend.- ing about three-fourths of a mile along the river. No more flrn~i ground is met for 5 miles np the river. At Red Bank there is a beautiful open plain of about 600 acres~ this is skirted by a wood, which continues until the swamp is again met, about l~ miles from the open plain. There are, however, some upland cotton plantations in this area. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~. T. BEARD, Major, Forty-eighth New York Volunteers. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Gommanding Expeditionary Gorps Page 88 88 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. FEBRUARY 10, 1862.Skirmish on Barnwells Island, S. C. EJ~POHTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens, U. S. Army. No. 2.Capt. Gordon Z. Dimock, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens, U. S. Army. hEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, EXPEDY Con~s, Beautbrt, S. C., Febr~~ary 11, 1862. Sin: I have to report for the information of the commanding general that a 1)arty of the enemy landed on Barnwells Island last night and made an attack on our pickets. Lieutenant Foot, in command of the pickets, held his gronnd till re-enforced by Captain Dimock with a por- tion of his command from Seabrook, when the whole fbrce pushed for- ward and drove the enemy to his boats. It was a very handsome aff~iir, exceedingly creditable to all engaged, and gives c:nvincing proof that the command is wide awake and ready for emergencies. I will particularly call the attention of the commanding general to the good conduct of Captain Diniock and Lieutenant Foot, Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, on the occasion. A copy of Captain Dimocks report is herewith inclosed. 1 am, sir, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, ISAAC I STEVENS Capt. L. Brigadier- General, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant-General E. C., Hilton Head, S. C. No. 2. Report of Capt. Gordon Z. Dimock, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry. SEABROOK, February 11, 1862. Last night about 10 oclock I was star:led by tbe report of several guns on Barnwells Island. I teok a row-boat frill of Company D and went over, leaving word for my command to followpart immediately and part should there be more firing. Went on a double-quick to cause- way. Saw men on the farther end of the canseway in the underbrush and the glistening of several bayonets. As we caine they retil-e(l more into the shade. Lieutenant Foot. with 3 men, advanced on the cause- way to reconnoiter, followed by 10 or 15 more, who advaiiced in parties of 3, at intervals of one or two rods, with (lirections, if fired upon, to fire and lie down on the sides oC the causeway to load. A~ they approached the faither end of the causeway they saw 3 or 4 men, and fired npon them. They continued to advance, while I brought up the main force in parties of 9 and 10, 50 pliced in the shade as to cover the retreat of the skirmishers and check the advance of the rebels. Having I)assed beyond the trees and underbrush at the farther end of the causeway, I left a small force there and took a double-quick to the iiext causeway. As we passed the negro houses one negro exclaimed, Great many rebels down there, sir. As we approached the next eanse~vay skir- mishers were again thrown out, led by Lieutenant Foot. Passing can Page 89 CHAr. XV.J OCCUPATION OF EDISTO ISLAND. 89 tiously through the bushes at this end of the causeway, they proceeded across the causeway until they were approaching the farther end. They were ordered to halt by a voice behind the bushes. At the second corn- inand he stel)ped oat and fired. The shot was promptly returned, and my whole command started forward oii a double-quick. Two men were seen running to the left of Little Enil Island, and several were heard to run forward and to the right. We then procecded cautiously through the hedge at the farther end of the causeway into the open field, and deployed skirmishers right and left to the hedges, while a party took a (loublequick for the next causeway. Sentinels were placed at each end of the second causeway, and the third causeway crossed in the same cautious manner. Wheii ye got through the bushes to the shore of Broad River it was evident that two boats had just left the beach, and their wake was visible ou the surface of the still water. One very large wake ~vas seen, very rough in its center, amid the sound of wheels turn- ing in the water could be heard beyond Mackays Poiiit. Company B was left in detachments at the Trescott house, first causeway, and negro houses. The pickets heard a noise in the field beyond the marsh to the left of the road before the firing, aimd the negroes (logs, which are usually very noisy at the least stir, were not heard to bark. We exanmiued the field to the left of the road, and could find numerous tracks in the soft mud bet~veen time cotton rows. The tracks of a bare foot were also seen, sup- posed to be the track of a negro guide. Tracks in the field south of the negro houses were observed going both east and west, i)resumned to have been made by the rebel i)arty having turned out into the field to avoid the negro houses and the dogs. When the attacking party appeared on the farther end of the first causeway they were halted by the l)wket three timimes. At the third com- mand they discharged a whole volley at the pickets. The pickets fired their pieces, and continued to load and fire whenever a rebel could be seen. Fires were seen on the main-land in the field west of the fort, as if there might be a small encampment tnere. It might be fire in the woods. Nothing else of interest occurred. Respectfully, G. Z. DIMIOCK, Major OVERTON. C~aptain, Commanding at & abrook. FEBRUARY 11, 1862.Occupation of Edisto Island, S. C., by the Union forces. Report of Cot. Henry Moore, Forty-seventh New York Infantry. HDQRS. FORTY-SEVENTH IREGT. N. Y. S. V. TROOPs, Jildisto Island, ~. C., February 15, 1S~2. SIR: Pursuant to Army Regulations, ~~age 104, paragraph 716, I take the earliest opportunity to inform you, both by letter and l)y chart, of the occupation of this island by the force under my command. Pursuant to Special Orders, No. 69, 1 was ordered by General T. W. Sherman, of the expeditionary corps, to proceed to this point, on North Edisto River, and establish this l)ost. After some reconnoitering I finally located myself at this place, known as Point of Pines, only 25 miles from Charleston. The enemy are all around us. By the aid of light-draught gunboats, which I am expecting daily from Port Royal, to keep them at bay, if troops sufficient, say at the most 10,000, coul Page 90 90 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA~ [(AlA?. XV. be forwarded here, in less than three days we could be in Charleston. I consider this point the great key to Charleston, and trust this point will meet with your immediate consideration, as time may be everything to us in the premises. I am, general, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, HENRY MOORE, L. THo~IAs, Colonel, Commanding Post. Adjutant General, Washington, D. C. FEBRUARY 15, 1862.Action at Venus Point, Ga. REPORTS. No. 1. Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. Egbert L. Viele, U. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas 117. Sherman, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPs, Port Royal, S. C., February 17, 1862. SIR: A rebel steamer, the Ida, ran by our battery oii the Savannah River on the 14th instanf for Fort Pulaski. The gulls had not been worked nor the ranges obtained. On the next day she attempted to return, and four of Tatnalls gunboats came down from Savannah to cover her. They were all sent back to their places of departure, and one of them seriously crippled. I inclose herewith the copy of General Vieles report on the subject. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C. No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. Egbert L. Viele, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Savannah River, February 16, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that the batteries on Venus Point were attacked at 3 oclock p. m. on yesterday by four rebel gunboats with a view of effecting a passage from Fort Pulaski for the rebel steamer then at that place. After aii engagement of one hour the rebels were driven off, the flag steamer being disabled and taken in tow, and the steamer that attempted the passage of the river returning to Fort Pulaski. The guns were manned by the Third Rhode Islan Page 91 CHAP. XV.] RECONNAISSANCE UP BULL RIVER, ETC. 91 detachment, under Captain Gould a 110 loss on our side. , nd effectively worked. There was Very respectfally, your obedient servant, EGBERT L. VIELE, Capt. L. II. PELOUZE, Bri~iadier- General, Commanding. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. FEBRUARY 2326, l862..Reconnaissance up Bull River and Schooner Channel, S. C. Report of Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stecens, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Beaufort, S. C., February 27, 1862. SIR: I have to report, for the information of the commanding general, that in pursuance to instructions from these headquarters Captain Ely, Eighth Regiment Michigan Volunteers, and commanding on Ladies and Saint Helena Islands, with 22 men of his own company and that of Lieu- tenant Doyle, and accompanied by Lieutenants Doyle, Badger, and Brown, all of the Eighth Michigan Regiment, left Ladies Island on the morning of Sunday, February 23, to make an examination of Bull River and the enemys force in that vicinity. The party employed three row- boats. The services of a negro belonging to Robert Barn well, who had lately come down the river, were secured as guide. From Coosaw Island another negro, named Cyas, was obtained, who subsequently proved of great service from the intimate knowledge he possessed of the country nn(ler examination. Captaiii Ely reports substantially as follows: After leaving Ladies Island at Brick-yard Point, and passing down the Coosaw to the mouth of Bull River, a distance of 9 miles, he ascended the stream to Schooner Channel. He then I)roceeded up Schooner Channel until lie came to the mouth of the creek which passes by Willruars Island. There he landed, placed his men under cover of the woods, and with a small party l)assed over the island and found it entirely uninhabited. Starting at nightthll he passed up the creek to near within SC) rods of its intersection with North Wimbee River, which is about 12 miles from the mouth of Bull River. here he left the bulk of his party, and in his own boat, with only 3 men, passed into and up time North XYimnbee branch to the landing at Barnwells plantation, a mile distant. This landing is on the right bank. This point was entirely unguarded.. He landed, examined the shore for some distance, and visited Robert Baruwells l)iantation. There he found an old plantation negm-o, who came to Robert Baruwells from Pocotaligo by way of Gardens Corner on the 22d instant, and who reported that he saw but few troops at the latter l)lace, probably not a hundred all told; that the greater l)art of the troops had been withdrawn to Pocotaligo, and that the boats at the bridge near Gardens Corner were guarded by 2 men. These boats were row-boats and flats, at least fifty in number (some negroes estimate(l the number as high as one huim- dred). Captain Ely also met ammother negro, who had come down from Walterborough the same day with a loaded team. From him he learned that the micarest picket, composed of 6 men, was 14 miles distant, at the fork of the roads connecting respectively with Gardens Corner and Corn. bahee Ferry. He likewise said he had seen no soldiers between that point an(l the ferry. With this information Captain Ely brought his whole party togethe Page 92 92 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. at the Robert Baruwell Landing, placed them under cover, and with his 3 men and a negro guide started for the Combahee Ferry. He kept in the woods, passed within 40 or 50 rods of the pickets at the cross-roads, and 1)Hshed about 1 mile beyond there, where the country became so densely wooded and was so intersected by streams and marshes that Captaiu Ely was unable to proceed farther. He learned, however, that the principal force of the enemy, estimated at possibly 300 men, is stationed at Combahee Church, about 2 miles from the ferry, on the Gardens Corner road, and that to the left of the ferry there are two pieces of artillery, placed behind an earthwork and covered with Pine brush. On his return he proceeded to Bush Chnrch, examined the country in its vicinity, and, favored by the wOO(15 in its immediate vicinity, passed entirely around it. At Bush Church he found only about 30 men, quar- tered in the church itself. They stationed pickets a quarter of a mile down toward the Cliisolm Landing, on the Coosaw, and about the same distance np the roa(1 toward Port Itoyal Ferry. Their headquarters are some 1~. miles in rear of the Adams Landing, and the force there is about the same as at Combahee Church. Captain Ely also examined the country between Stuarts plantation and Bush Church. It consists of open woods and fields, and furnishes the best route to Bush Church from the river. At Stuarts troops shoul(l be landed to operate against Bush Church. The distance is only 1 mile. Edward Baruwell Las a plantation a mile below Stuarts. All these plantations are on the right bank of the river. From Robert Barn- wells place a causeway leads to Bush Church. A wide gap has been made in it, through which boats can pass, and which compelled Captain Ely to make a long detour imp tIme river to reach the latter place. Boats can go above Robert Baruwells to Potters. Captain Ely could easily have surprised and captured the pickets at Bush Church, and both he and his command felt some inclination to attempt it. ills instructions were, however, to get information, and lie found no difficulty in controlling his command. In the mnorning, before the break of day, Captain Ely returned to his men and boats, crossed back to the channel from whence lie came undiscovered by any of time enemy, and returning came in sight of Fields Poimit, where he (liscovered a few men at work apparemitly repair- ing the fort, and on the left bank of the Combahee River were extensive rice fields on fize, which in the evening were visible at a long distance. The emiemys force, as far as Captain Ely could learn, is in that direc- tion very small at the present time. Many of the picket stations have been taken up lately. The Comubahee Ferry is made passable by fiats, so that teams pass over as ou a bridge. Captain Ely reached Brick- yard Poimmt on the morning of February 26, and was therefore absent two days and three nights. The reconnaissance of Captain Ely does him great credit, and has resulted both in verifying and adding to the information already obtained. 11 have instructed him to continue his reconnaissances, look- ing particulary to the Ashepoo River. The above account is nearly in his own words, amid I have adopted the above form in order to immeor- porate with the details of his written report details which I have gath- ered from him on a personal conference. I am, sir, very respe2tfully, your most obedient ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Corn man ding. Capt. L. II. PELOUZE, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen., I~pedy Corps, Hilton ficad, S. C Page 93 CHAP. XV.] EVACUATION OF AMELIA ISLAND. 93 MARCH 3, 1~362.Evacuation of Amelia Island, Fla., by the Confederate forces. REPOHTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. James H. Trapier, C. S. Army. No. 2.Col. Edwar4 hopkins, Fourth Florida Infantry. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. James II. Trapier, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS PROVISIONAL FORCE, Tallahassee, Pla., March 28, 1862. MAJOR: hI consequence of the illness of Col. Edward Hopkins, Fourth liegiment Florida Volunteers, the officer in command of the 1)ost at Amelia Island at the time of its evacuatiou by our troops, I have had no official report from him. I have the honor, however, to submit for the information of the commanding general the follo~ving narrative of the events attending that operation, which, derived from sources enti- tled to credence, may be regarded as altogether anthentic: On the evening of February 23 I received by telegraph orders from General II. E. Lee, then commanding the military department in which Middle and East Florida are embraced, dated February 19, to withdraw from the islands, securing the artillery, & c. This order was extended forthwith, at the hands of a special messenger, to the officer command- ing the post at Amelia and Talbot Islands and to Col. Charles H. Mc- Blair, Provisional Army, commanding the batteries, with instructions to dismantle the batteries with all possible expedition and caution, and then to withdraw the troops and abandon the post. On the fourth day after this order was received at Amelia Island the enemy made his appearance simultaneously in the inland passage be- tween Cumberland Island and the main-land (having come in at Saint Andrews Sound) and off the main entrance into Cumberland Sound, the princil)al approach from the sea.to the town of Fernandina. At this time there had been dismounted, and in great part remove(l from the island, all the guns that bore upon this approach. These were the most effective batteries, and without them it was deemed by the officers in council that it would be fruitless to attempt the defense of the place. The order was accordingly given for the troops to retire from the island, which they did in good order and without the loss of a single man. Time garrison from the adjacent island (Talbot) was withdrawn with equal success. Of heavy ordnance upon these islands there were, including a battery of field pieces, 33 guns. Of these, 18 were saved, thus showing a loss of but 15 guns, a fact which, in view of our very Ii mited means of trans- l)Ortation and the extreme difliculty of removing heavy ordnance, or, iudeed, ordnance of any description, over sand hills, reflects, in myjudg- mont, high credit upon the officers to whom was assigned this arduous duty; and besides the guns, there were saved also all the powder and most of the shot and shell, some of the carriages, implements & c. When it is remembered that all this was accomplished in four day~ and nights, under the most adverse circumstances, no other conclusion can be formed than that the utmost energy, industry, and vigor were exhibited by both officers and men. Five of the guns were,however, I regret to add, subsequently lost Page 94 94 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAP. XV. They had been placed at Saint Johns Bluff on the Saint Johns :River, with the purpose of putting them in battery there for the defense of that river. ~f he enemys l)rompt movements in that direction rendered it impossible to remove them, as it was my intention to have (lone, in pur- suance of the orders from headquarters, dated March 1, 1862, which required that all the troops in this military department, except such as might be necessary for the defense of the Apalachicola iliver, should be ordered to report to General A. S. Johnston. From the above it appears that our entire loss in and consequent upon the evacuation of Amelia Island is 20 guns and some stores of the quar- termaster and commissary departments, though no considerable amount of either. The capture under false pretenses of Lieutenant-Colonel Hol- land and 5 men and his subsequent restoration has been already re- ported in my letter of the 19th instant. 1 am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. TRAPIEB, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. T. A. WASHINGTON, Assistant Adjutant- General, Pocotaligo, S. C. [Indorsementi HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT S. C. AND GA., Pocotaligo, S. C., April 6, 1862. This report is iespectfully referred to War Department. Although East and Middle Florida has been constituted a separate department, reports and returns continue to be made to these headquarters. J. C. PEMBERTOX, Major- General, Commandiag. No. 2. Report of (ol. Edward Hopkins, Fourth Florida Infantry. HEADQUARTERS FOURTH .REGJMENT FLORIDA VOLS., Lake City, Fla., March 30, 1862. Sin: Your order to evacuate the island of Amelia was received on Tuesday, February 25. In accordance with that order I consulted fhlly with Colonel MeBlair, commander of the batteries, as to the best method of eff~cting the important duty specially assigned him. I furnished him such details of men as were deemed necessary, and, in short, all things which our position would admit of. On Saturday, March 1, 1 ordered Capt. J. M. Martin, Marion Artillery, to place his battery 2 miles beyond the railrOa(l bridge, on the main- land, leaving a strong guard to protect the same, and to return with the rest of his command to the island, which he did, and rendered inc un- portant service to the end. I also directed Captain Owens, command- ing Marion Dragoons, to take his horses to the position assigned the artillery and return (the necessary guard excepted) to the island. This dismounted corps, under its efficient commander, was useful to me throughout. I had previously caused the citizens of Fernandina to be notified that ainl)le transl)ortation would be furnished all who desired to leave the city; that orders had been issued for that purpose. Finding that the citizens paid no attention to this notice, I issued, on Saturday, March 1, a written notice~ to wit, that on Sunday, March 2, at 10 a. in., a specia Page 95 CHAP. XV.] EVACUATION OF AMELIA ISLAND. 95 train would leave the city expressly for the transportation of all women anti children desirous of leaving. But Jittle heed seemed to have been given to the second admonition. No demonstration beymd the usual blockade was made by the enemy until Sunday, March 2, about 9 a. m. A bark, bearing French colors, appeareti iii the offing and hoisted signals for a pilot, whereupon Lent. Col. D. P. Holland went out to her with a white flag, taking with him 6 soldiers of the Fourth Florida Regiment. She proved to be a Fed- eral vessel, and they were captured by the perfidious craft and taken off. I have the happiness to state that they have since been released and are again at their post. About 10 oclock the same day several ships hove in sight, bore down near the bar, and anchored. It became evident that an attack would be made on Monday, the 3(1. Our position was critical. As the enemy had full view of my quarters, it was necessary that tIme usual camp quiet should prevail. It was not nntil 6.30 p. m. that I issued the order to break camp and transport everything to the railroad depot. This was effected by 2 oclock next morning. At an early ]~our in the night I received a dispatch from Colonel Styles, saying that from nineteen to twenty-one of the enemys gunboats were in Saint Andrews Sound, of which fact Colonel McBlair was (luly noti- fied. In consequence of this information he very properly l)laced his command en route tor the city, where it arrived about 1.30 oclock in the morning. At 1 oclock on Monday morning I repaired to town, and at 230 a. m. ordered all the troops (three companies of the Fourth Regiment Florida Volunteers excepted) to take up the line of march to the main-land. These three companies I retained for the protection of the citizens and for the more speedy removal of our equipage. No trains were permitte(I to go beyond 2 miles from the railroad bridge. The rush for succor and aid was perplexiup-. Duty on one side and commiseration for the suf- ferers ren dem-ed my l)oSit.mon very distressing. At 12 in. I was informed that four of the enemys gunboats had come around the north end of Cnmberland Island and entered the sound. At 1 oclock it was repoited to me that they were moving across, whereupon I ordered the companies to file across the bridge, and at 2 p. in., in company with Colonel McBlair, I left Fernandina. It was now that all ti-ains should have been removed to a place of safety, and no (lifficulty would have occurred. The three companies behaved well. There was nO confusion~ n injured. , ot the slightest. The train fired into was not On Tuesday, at 4 a. in., I ordered Second Lieutenant Deakle, of Com- pany C, Fourth Regiment, to burn the trestle-work on the side next the main-land, which he accomplished, nnder fire of the enemys gunboats, without loss. You are aware, sir, my orders restricted me entirely to my immediate command C te~s~onclusioi1 I olonel MeBlair having full charge of the bat- will add that nothing was lost belonging to my com- mand. My ill-health prevented an earlier report, as well as one more full and complete. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, E. HOPKINS, Golonel, Gommanding Fourth Regiment Florida Volunteers. H. H. ANDEIZSON, Miajor and Assistant Adjutant. General Page 96 96 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAP. XV. MARCH 4, 1862.Occupation of Amelia Island, Fla., by the Union forces. Reports of Brig. Gen. Horatio U. Wrjght, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CoRPS, Fernandina, Fia., March 5, 1862. GENERAL: Ii have the honor to inform you that the combined navy an(l army expedition is in possession of Fernandina an(1 the military defenses on Amelia Island, and also of the batteries on the south end of Cumberland Island. Our occupation was a bloodless one, the rebels having evacuated on the first su~pici~n of our approach all the strong defenses on which they had lavished so much time and labor, removing, so far as time permitted, guns, stores, and troops. They, however, left behind no less than four- teen guns, all of large caliber. The town is nearly deserted of inhabitants, many of whom left reluc- tantly, in obedience to time orders of the rebel authorities. So far as I can gather from the conflicting statements of the citizens left behind, the rebel force here has exceeded 5,0O() macn. A detailed report will l)e submitted hereafter. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT Brigadier- General, Commanding. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps, Hilton Head, S. C. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Fernandina, lila., March 13, 1862. GENERAL: Your letters of the 10th and 12th instant were received this evening, through Mr. Boutelle, U. S. Coast Survey, amid I hasten to reply by the steamer Ben Dc Ford, which leaves early to-morrow morning. The Saint Johns expeditioa is still absent, and I have receive(l no official information in regard to it since the 11th, at which time the vessels had not succeeded in passing the bar of that river. I learn, however, through contrabands amid others who have come in, that the enemy has deserted everything as high up as Jacksonville, and has burned a portion of that town; that there are no troops nearer than Baldwin, and but few there, the Mississippi regiment having been sent to Tennessee and most of the Florida troops to Tallahassee. I infer, therefore, that the capture of Saint Augustine will not require a forumi- dable (lemonstratlon, but that the place will surremider on the approach of the gunboats. Should there be any indications of resistance there, which I do not expect, I will add to the land force already sent. As you will have learned by one of my late letters, it is (loubtful whether the place is garrisoned even. The ordnance captured here amounts to sixteen pieces in all, two having been found in a battery beyond the railroad bridge, which had not, however, been mounted. The battery was nearly completed. No powder of any moment was left behind. Three large sling-carts were left in good condition and a fourth partly l)urned. We shall need the ammunition and other stores estimated for by Lieutenant Tardy. I shall retain the whole force now here until the result of the expeditiomi now absent is accomplished, or until II hear farther from you. I believe, from present information, that at leas Page 97 CHAP. XV.] RECONNAISSANCE UP SAVANNAH RIVER, ETC. 97 one regiment and the battery may be sent back soon, if you desire it, still retaining an adequate garrison at this point. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding E~pedy Corps, fldqrs. Hilton Head, S. C. [Indorsement.] General Wright will be instructed to put the place in as good a state of defense as his means will permit, so that it can be held by a regiment or less. He is also instructed to have a detailed estimate ma(le for the thorough completion of Fort Clinch a day as practicable. , nd submit the same at as early a T. W. SHERMAN. MARCH 711, 1862.Reconnaissance up the Savannah River and to Elba Island. Report of Lient. Col. John H. Jackson, Third New Hampshire Infantry. HEADQUARTERS THIRD REGIMENT N. H. VoLs., Port Royal, S. C., March 13, 1862. I have the honor to report that in compliance with instructions received from Brig. Gen. T. XV. Sherman, March 7, I left this camp at 6 p. m. on that date, and proceeded to Sea brook with 20 officers and 371 men, with Surgeon Moulton and 4 hospital attendants. I arrived at Seabrook at 8 p. in., and found there six boats, two of them of small size. I made every effort to obtain more boats, and after waiting an hour Captain Dnnbar arrived from Hilton Head with four boats, making ten boats with which to transfer my command to l)aufuskie Island. The boats were crowded full, and I was compelled to leave behind Company A, with 2 officers, and a part of Company F, with 1 officer, a total of 91 men and 3 officers. Just as we were about to leave Seabrook, Captain Dunbar was taken sick, and I placed the whole charge of the boats and boatmen with Lieutenant Cornelius, of Company D, who discharged his duties in a prompt and efficient man- ner during the whole time of our absence. We left Seabrook at 10 p. in., some of the boats leaking badly. When I arrived opposite Buck- inghauis Ferry, and several times before reaching there, I was fired on by rebel pickets. I found we had lost our way, and having no counter- sign, were being fired on by our own pickets as well as by the rebels. I thought it advisable to land and wait till daylight, it then being very dark. Quite a number of shots were fired at us, none hitting either the men or boats. It was 2 in the morning when I landed, two of the boats not coming np till daylight, having lost their way during the night. At daylight I started again, having procured a guidePrivate Alonzo Borden, Com- pany I, Forty-iifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. At 7.30 a. m. we came np with the two boats we had missed during the night, and at 9 a. m. 7 R RYOL V Page 98 98 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. I landed on Daufuskie, marched 5 miles, to General Vieles quarters, and reported to him at 12 oclock. After landing I sent the boats to Engineers Wharf, at the upper end of the island. General Viele ordered me to encamp and wait further orders. During the evening Companies A and F arrived from Seabrook on the Mayflower, she com- ing from Hilton Head with commissary stores, and having taken them on board when ~)assing Seabrook. The next morning (Sunday, the 9th) I was ordered to embark and proceed to Savannah River, with my entire command, on a reconnais- sance. I proceeded to Savannah River and some distance up the river, without seeing any signs of rebel pickets. I then returned an(l landed at the battery opposite Jones Island, letting the men leave the boats a short time to rest them. While there a rebel steamer came out of San Augnstine Creek in sight of our batteries and steamed up the river towards Savannah. Our batteries opened on them, making some good line shots, though they did not appear to strike the steamer, but they qnickened her speed. After resting a short time I crossed to Jones island. As the boats were heavily laden and the tide low I could iot pass down Mud River. I therefore landed the men and sent the boats a:onnd to the Opl)Osite side of the island to join me there. From there I again elnl)arked, and returned to Daufuskie. The next morning (Monday, 10th) 1 received orders from General Viele to take one days rations and with all my command make a recon- naissance of Elba Island, which I proceeded to do, accompanied by Major Gardiner, of the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, and Captani Liehenan, of General Vieles staff. We left the landing known as the Engineers Wharf at 9.45 a. m. in small boats, which weme taken in tow by the steamer Mayflower to the [)Oiltt of Jones Island (on Mud River) known as Sears Lauding, arriving there at 12 oclock. From thence we proceeded in our boats, heavily laden as they were, against wind and tide, through Mud River, across the Savannah River, to a point on Elba island opposite to and below the mouth of Mud River, where I landed, accompanied by Major Bedel, of the Third New Hampshire Volunteers, Major Gardinem, and Captain Liebenan. I at once saw the impractica- bility of landing my whole fbrce, as the tall reeds an(l grass on the lower portion of the island had been burned, thus leaving us a tb.ir mark for any of the enemys steamers, should any of them (attracted by the large force under my command in small boats crossing the Savannah in (lay- light) have thought best to come down amid attack us. I left the force there under the command of Captain Plimn~ton, with instructions to officers in command of the several dilkrent boats to allow no man to land, but each officer and soldier to remain seated in the boats, covered by the siiores of the island, and instructing the officers in charge, as soon as any black heavy smoke became visible beyond them, to pull (hirectly for Mud River, so as to be under the cover of the guns from our bat- teries and those of the Western World to leave a small boat for us, or if this was not practicable, to take all the boats, leaving us on the island. After these instructions I divided our small force landed, by giving Major Bedel 6 men, and instructions to proceed across to the opposite side of the island, scattering his men, and thence to the upper cud, while with Major Gardiner, Captain Liebenan, and 6 men I proceeded on our course on this side, expecting to join Major Bedel at the upper end of the island. We separated to start upon our several courses at 1.43 p. in., and after traveling two hours and a quarter and crossin Page 99 CHAP. XVI RECONNAISSANCE UP SAVANNAH RIVER, ETC. 99 several small streams we came to the point of land, the extreme end of the island, looking towards the mouth of Wright River. On a point of land above the mouth of said river we saw a large store-house, or fac- tory, with the windows closed, and no signs of any picket, although 2 mcii were seen, apparently unarmed. From this point we proceeded directly across the island to the oppo- site side. Here we found the ruins of two houses, with one high brick chimney standing. From this point we could look directly up a stream across which there seemed to be a bridge, with heavy, strong abutments, as if intended for guns to be placed upon. Upon these abutments men could be distinctly seen at work, but what they were doing or if guns were in position at this place we were unable to see, as the afternoon suu shone directly against us and, shining upon the water, impaired our view. Near the bridge, on the side towards us, were three steamers lying at anchor (these were black) and one white steamer under way inside of the bridge. On the right-hand side were two vessels, schooner-rigged. It was impossible to tell whether they were steamers or sailing vessels. I theu proceeded to the above-men- tioned chimney, from which point I plainly saw houses, appearing to be store-houses, apparently filled with men, some of whom were distinctly seen lounging in the windows, but could see no signs of a battery. While resting ourselves, we saw a sail-boat well filled with mensome sailors and some soldiers, about 20 in allleave one of the steamers and shape their course for this point. We at once proceeded to return to our boats. After a fatiguing tramp of one hour amid a hail one of the corporals who accompanied us saw a sail passing down the river, He reported the fact to me. We then ascertained that it was a boat from the steamer Western World, with Captaiu Gregory and Surgeon Moul- ton, of the New Hampshire Third, who were in search of us alongshore, thinking from our protracted absence we had lost our way. The cap- tain unmediately took us on board, and we proceeded to join the forces of my command, lying iu boats at the lower end of the island. Ou arriving there we found Major Bedel returned with the men of his command and 4 of those of mine. He reports that after crossing the island and proceeding up the southerly side opposite Saint Augustine Creek, on the upper point of which he discovered a picket of 5 men, they were wii hiu ramige, but his iustructions were not to fire upon any pickets, but to keep themselves hidden. After traveling an hour and a half he found a stream, which it was impossible to cross. He followed the course of the stream inland until he reached the head of the stream, where he lost his way, owing to the thickness and height of the rushes, when, finding eveniimg approaching, he returned to the boats. Upon my joining the forces in the boats, we proceeded to camp, where we arrived at 8 oclock p. m. The miext morning (Tuesday, 11) I received orders from General Viele to l)repare to return to Hilton Head, with the umiderstanding that the Mayflower was to bring the troops and tow the boats. Between 3 and 4 oclock p. in., and after the men had been standing in the rain sonic tune, we were notified that we must return in our boats, and as it was iml)ossible to get all the men in the boats, I sent the boats around to the point (Egg Point), where we first landed on the island, and marched the men down there. It was dark when we arrived there, and the tide mu- ning out and a strong head wind blowing, I found it impossible to get home that night. I then took two companies across the river to Law- tons plantation, on Hilton Head Island, and sent the boats back tojoi Page 100 100 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. the other boats. I left Major Bedel with the remaining four companies, with instructions to return to Hilton Head as soon as practicable. The next morning early Major Bedel landed with two companies at Lawtons plantation. The remaining two companies went to Seabrook in the boats, and marched from there to this camp yesterday noon. Between 9 and 10 oclock a. m. I left the plantation with the four companies there and arrived here in camp at 1 p. m. Every man that left the camp with me has returned. Five men are sick and iii their quarters, and 1 was sent to the hospital on our return. The remainder of the men are in good health and spirits. With great respect, this report is respectfully snbmitted. JOHN H. JACKSON, Lieutenant- Colonel, Gommandin.q Third New Hampshire Vols. To CO1~ntANDIN~ OFFICER, Port Royal, S. C. MARCH 12, 1862.Occupation of Jacksonville, Fla., by the Union forces. Report of Brig. Gen. Horatio C. Wright, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Fernandina, Pta., March 15, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that I have just learned from my aide-dc camp, Lieutenant Hubbell, who accompanied the expedition to the Saint Johns River, that the batteries at the mouth of the river and at Saint Johns Bluff were abandoned on the approach of the gun- boats, and that Jacksonville was evacuated by the rebels before our forces reached the town. Jacksonville was occupied by six companies of the Fourth New Hampshire on the 12th instant. Seven saw-mills, 4,000,000 feet of lumber, a large hotel, four or five private dwellings, the railroad depot, and the gunboat in process of construction and nearly ready for launching were burned by the rebels on their evacuation of the place. A portion of the gunboats, having with them one company of the Fourth New Hampshire Regiment, went to Saint Augustine, which the rebel forces had deserted on the first appearance of the expedition on the Florida coast. The inhabitants of the town are represented to have hailed with joy the arrival of our forces and their relief from the oppress- ive rule of the rebel authorities. At Jacksonville many of the inhabit- ants are still remaining, though considerable numbers had gone when our troops landed. I shall endeavor to visit Jacksonville, and perhaps Saint Augustine, to-morrow, after which I will report more in detail. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. L. II. PELOUZE, Act. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. B. C., Hilton Head, S. C Page 101 CHAP. XV.] OPERATIONS NEAR BLUFFTON, S. C., ETC. 101 MARCH 2024, 18S2.Operations near B1uff~on, S. C., including affairs at Buckingham and Hunting Island. I~EPORTS, ETC. No. 1.Licut. Col. John H. Jackson, Third New Hampshire Infantry. No. 2.Brig. Gen. Thomas F. Drayton, C. S. Army. No. 3.Maj. John B. Wilicoxon, Phillips Legion. No. 4.Capt. Carlos Tracy, volunteer aide-de-camp. No. 5.Miscellaneous orders and correspondence. No. 1. Report of Lient. Got. John H. Jackson, Third New Hampshire Infantry. HEADQUARTERS THIRD NEW HAMPSHIRE VOLUNTEERS, Hilton Head, ~. 0., March 25, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report that, in compliance with Special Orders, No. 67, March 18, 1862, I proceeded on the 19th, with 24 officers and enlisted men, on a reconnaissance in force on May River, running between the islands of B nil and Savage and the main-land. Accompany- ing the battalion from my regiment was a detachment from the Third Rhode Island Volunteers, with a 12-pounder howitzer, under the com- mand of Lieutenant Morrow, who conducted himself in a manner deserv- ing my thanks, and materially assisted me in all my movements during the five days I was gone. I left my camp at this place at 2 p. in., and arrived at Seabrook at 3.30 p. in., and had all but one company embarked at 4 oclock, filling what boats I had, fifteen in number, one leaking so badly I had to leave it behind. The field piece 1 embarked in a scow we found at Seabrook and towed it with one of our large boats. Soon after leaving the wharf it began to grow dark and to rain, and the wind blew hard, so as to endanger the safety of our field piece, the scow being low in the water. After an hour and a halfs rowing, I thought best to land a short time until the weather became somewhat calmer, and landed at Dr. Frank Popes plantation, on Hilton Head Island. The men found shelter in the buildings, and at 2.30 oclock in the morning of Thursday, the 20th, we again embarked, and about daybreak landed on a hard beach at Dr. James Kirks plantation, on the main-land, and 1 mile from Bluifton. I had previonsly sent two companies under command of Captain Randlett to the White house, on Ephraim Baynards plantation, oppo- site the lower end of Pinckney Island, to drive in or capture the picket stationed there. Immediately after landing, the command remaining with me, I threw oub Captain Plimptons company as skirmishers in the direction of the above plantation, io assist Captain Randlett, and to ascertain what other pickets there were near there, and, if possible, to capture them. Immediately after landing we could see cavalry pickets in the woods skirting the plantation. I immediately had the field piece brought up and fired three shells into the wood, scattering the enemy. As I had not made preparation to advance far into the interior, 1 drew off my command, and dropped down to Colonel Seabrooks wharf and planta- tion, omi Bull Island, opposite the main-land. After landing that por- tion of my command I proceeded to Baynards plantation, and found that 4 rebel pickets had been captured. - Captain Plimptons company Page 102 102 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. under command of Lieutenant Ela, had cut off their retreat, and being hemmed iii on all sides, they surrendered without resistance. On arriving, I disarmed them of their rifles and long knives, with which they were armed, and carried them across to Buckingh ams Ferry, Hilton Head Island, and delivered them over to au officer of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanding the picket there s~a- tioned, and requested him to send them to headquarters, which he did. With my command I then proceeded to Bull Island. That afternoon I was notified that there was a strong force on the main-land, and having made up my mind to visit Blufiton, I sent to headquarters for another piece of artillery, which I received Friday afternoon. Friday morning, having got some informal ion that led me to believe there was a picket on Savage Islands, on the side towards the main-land, I determined to reconnoiter those islands thoroughly. I embarked my command and landed them on Savage Islands, thoroughly examined them, but fomind no pickets. On the main-land opposite, the cavalry pickets were visible narrowly watching our movements, apl)arently exl)ecting us to land on the main-land above Bluifton. At 1.30 oclock I started on my return to Bull Island. In the morning, before starting, I was notified by our picket that the enemy had that mnorning burned all the buildings (about fifteen in number) on Kirks plantation, where we landed yesterday. On our passage to Savage Islands we were fre- quently fired on by the rebel l)ickets. On onr return they again fired on us, and when opposite Kirks I ordered mny men to return the fire, which they did, firing as each boat came abreast the plantation. After passing beyond rifle range we could see a cluster of the horsemen apparently gathered around some wounded or killed companion, as they dismounted. Most of our shots reached the shore, but whether we succeeded in hitting the enemy or not I could not ascertain. That night I received another piece of artillery fromn headquarters, with men to man it. Next morning, after puttimig one of the guns in a position to commuand the landing at Kirks, I embarked the men and landed at the same place as on Thursday, the 20th, driving in the pickets. I then threw out two companies as skirmishers, and after advancing a short distance into the wood sent forwar(l two companies more to support them, under command of Captain Plimpton, acting major. Lieutenant Morrow having got his field piece in position, I left a few men. with an officer, to assist him, and advanced the remainder of my force towards Bluffcon. In advancing I found cross-roads, where I left detachments to prevent the enemy getting into our rear. We arrived at Bluifton at 12 oclock, drivi m)g the pickets through the town and a short distance [beyond], but finding it impossible to cut them off abandoned the pursuit. I found the town entirely deserted, with the exception of 3 old negroes, who informed me there had been no artillery there, and there was no evidence of any or of any earth- ~vorks there or some distance up the river The nearest al)pLOach to artillery was an old dismounted iron gun on the bluff near the church and on the bank of the river. 1 examined the town thoroughly, to be sure there were none of the rebels secreted. I found nomie, and neither arms nor ammunition. The town had been apparently only occupitd as a headquarters for pickets during the past three months. One of the rebel pickets, in endeavoring to escape, could not get his horse to start for some reason or other. He was in sight of our advance, but at long-range distance, and after endeavoring tbr a few minutes to urge his horse into a run and being unsuccessful, left his horse and blankets and ran for the woods, which he reached without further har Page 103 CHAr. XY.I OPERATIONS NEAR BLUFFTON, S. C., ETC. 103 from us. The horse was a good one, and, with a mule taken from Bull Island, I have turned over to Colonel Reynolds, Government agent at this l)lace, and have his receipt fur them. After a thorough exarnina- tion of the town I drew in my command, and retired rapidly and in good order without any attack from any quarter, and returned in the boats to Bull Island. The officers and men behaved like good soldiers, moving steadily an(l quietly to and from the town; remained in ranks while iii the town (with the excel)tion of such squads as were ordered to examine the various houses), and in every way conducted themselves in a meritori- Otis manner. I visited the islands near Bull Island, finding a number of cattle, sheep, and hogs, and evidences that the enemy obtained some of their fresh l)rovisions from these islands. As we were short of rations, I had a few of the cattle killed and properly distributed among my com- in and. On Monday, at 3 p. in., I returned to Hilton Head. All the boats, with the exception of three, are at Seabrook in good order. These three leaked badly from the start, and I had them sent to the whiart at hilton Head for repairs. All my conimnand have returned in good health and without one accident. With great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN H. JACKSON, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Third Neu Hampshire Vols. Col. ENOCH Q. FELLOWS, Third New Hampshire Volunteers, Commanding Post. No. 2. Reports of Brig. Gen. Thomas F. Drayton, tZl. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH MILITARY DISTRICT, flardeeville, S. C., March 23, 1862. CAPTAIN: Major Willcoxon, commanding cavalry of Phillips Legion at Bluifton, reported to me yesterday aftermioon [at] 3 p. in. that lie had been driven back from Bluifton about 3 miles, and the enemycould not say how many[were] a mile and a half in his front, at Mr. James Popes gate. I immediately sent forward to ascertain the facts, follow- ing on myself shortly after. The enemy were in the l)OsitiOn state(l by Major Willeoxon, but fell back again upon Bluifton and retired thence about 9 p. m. I have moved troops forward and will take such position with others as I hope will enable me to cut off or drive back into the river any of the invaders, should they venture as far up the public road as they did yesterday. The enemy came up to Red Bluff yesterday in a steamer amid shelled the woods in the vicinity. I have no further official account than this. Captain Ives informed me that he was ready to supply me with tor. ])edoes, but had no powder. I have made a requisition upon Gemieral Ripley for 1,200 pounds of blasting powder, the better qualities beimig so scarce. The telegram of the major-general commanding has been received, and I will accordingly apply to General Lawton for the two regiments from Georgia, which will enable me to move forward and act in concert wit Page 104 104 COASTS OF S. C, GA, ANI) MIDDLE AND EAST FJ4A. [CHAP. XV. the other regiments of my command, who are known to each other and are well drilled. The whole command has been very much fatigued by their forced march of the other night2Oth instant. Major Willcoxon reports that the enemy landed at Hunting Island in ten baroes. Respectfully, yours, THOS. F. DRAYTON, Capt. ~. R. WADDY, Brigaaier- General, Commanding. Assistant Adjutant- General, Pocotaligo, AS. C. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH MILITARY DISTRICT, flardeeville, ~. C., March 24, 1862. SIR: I beg to submit to the consideration of the major-general com- manding the accompanying papers in regard to the enemys landing in the vicinity of Blufiton on the 20th and 22d instant. No. 1, report of Major Wilicoxon, Phillips Legion, Georgia Volunteers, at Bluifton, of the landing on the 20th instant, together with No. 2, additional report of above, stating loss of 4 pickets; No. 3, copies of dispatches from Major Willcoxon concerning landing on 22d instant; No. 4, report of Major Wilicoxon in reference to landing of enemy on 22(1 instant; No.5, report of Capt. Carlos Tracy, volunteer aide-de-camp, of the landing, & c., on 22d instant. The examination of witnesses was made by Captain Tracy in the pres- ence of Major Willcoxon without any contradictiou by that officer of the testimony given by the officers and men eye-witnesses of the fhcts and circumstances stated. Major Willcoxon no longer occupies a separate command, and I trust that under a new and severer discipline no such confused reports of the l)osition and numbers of the enemy will again be forwarded like those which have so lately ended in harassing marches and disappointment to the troops. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, THOS. F. DIRAYTON, Capt. J. IR. WADDY, Bri~qadier- General. Assistant Adjutant-General, Pocotaligo, S. C. No. 3. Reports oj 3Iaj. John B. Willeoxon, Phillips Legion. BLUFFTON, S. C., March 20, 1862. DEAR SIR: This morning at day the enemy landed a regiment at Buck- inghamn an(1 one at Hunting Island, with a l)attery of artillery. As we al)l)roached Hunting Island to attack the enemy they opeiicd their artil- lery on us, so that we could not approach them nearer than the gate. The enemy that landed at Buckingham advanced to the church. There our skirmishers met, and after a frw shot~s on either side the enemy~ re- tired through the woods towards Hunting Island. The enemy has ma(le no advance as yet from Hunting Island. We are fearful that we lost 4 pickets (as they have not yet returned), belonging to Captain Daniels company. I have scouts watching the movements of the enemy Page 105 CHAP. XV.] OPERATIONS NEAR BLUFFTON, S. C., ETC. 105 Our wagons left here this morning with our baggage for the fork of the South May River road or Colonel Jones camp. Yours, respectfully, JNO. B. WJLLCOXON, General DRAYTON. Major, Commanding at Bluifton. HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY BATTALION PHILLIPS LEGION Camp at 8tony Place, & C., March 23, 1862. Sin: In answer to the communication to you from brigade headquar- ters, dated March 23, asking for my official report of yesterdays engage- ment with the enemy, & c., I report as follows: About 11 a. m. the pickets stationed at Hunting Island reported that ten or twelve boats or barges had landed (four at Hunting Island and six or eight above), and that each of said boats contained 50 to 100 men, and that they were advancing on l3luifton in two columns, one column by the gate and one around by the beach or bluff. About the same time, or soon thereafter, another picket reported that four boats had landed at Baynards negro quarters. I then dispatched Captains Du Bignons and Richs companies, consisting of some 20 men each (the others of said companies on picket and sent to relieve the same), to meet the enemy on Hunting island road, at the same time dispatching Packets company to the Seabrook Church to support the picket. Captains Du Bignons and Richs companies were soon engaged by the enemy, and not having force sufficient to check his advance I, after sharp firing for a short time, ordered them to Ihil back, at the same time, seeing that Pucl~ets company was about being cut off, ordered it to f~mll back by Fording Island road. I then fell back to Popes lane, and, dismount~ ing, advanced to meet the enemy, who was now in town and still advanc- ing on us; and seeing that our horses were much exposed and we liable to be cut off from our horses, I ordered my men to mount, and then re- treate(l to the end of Mr. Crowells lane, at which point our horses could be sheltered under cover of the wood, and we having the benefit of attacking the enemy in his advance through an open field. Lieutenant Milhollin and a few men, having been left in the rear to watch and report the advance of the enemy, reported that he had fallen back. Lieutenant Milhollin was then ordered to follow them up and report their movement; and after returning late in the evening reported no enemy in or about Bluffton. During the skirmish the enemy wounded two of our horses one of which has since died and the other rendered umifit for duty, and during the time captured a horse belonging to one of the recruits of Captain Richs company; the said recruit not being with the company, he hav- ing no arms. Mr. Farrs store-house and dwelling-house broken open; also the post- office and dwelling on the same lot; but do not know anything about what was taken out, not knowing what was in either house; no public stores imeing [were] lost. Some 50 or 60 bushels of corn were left in town, but no damage other than stated heard of. This morning at day Lieutenant Milhollin, with 20 men, was sent out and reconnoitered to Hunting Island, bat found no enemy. Respectfully submitted. JNO. B. WILLCOXON, Major, Commanding Cavalry Phillips Legion. Lient. Col. S. JONES, Jr., 6ommanding Legion Page 106 106 COASTS OF S C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. CAVALRY BATTALION PHILLIPS LEGION, March 24, 1862. You are hereby notified that four pickets belonging to the Green Rifles, lately under my command at Binifton, are missing, and I am feartul they were captured by the enemy on the morning of the 20th instant. Yours, respectfully, JNO. B. WJLLCOXON, Major, 6ornmandiug Cavalry Phillips Legion. Lient. Col. S. JONES, Jr. llDQ~zs. CAVALRY BATTALION PHILLIPS LEGION, GA. VoLS., Stony Place, S. C., March 24, 1862. SIR: Iii answer to the request of Brigadier-General Drayton, as per note of J. I. Middleton, aide-dc-camp, 23d instant, I report the follow- lug About daylight on the morning of the 20th instant the pickets from Hunting Islands and Buckingliam reported the enemy landing at those two points, a.s verbally reported. I then ordered Captain Dti Bignons company to Hunting Island, the officer in command of which dispatched a courier to inform me that one regiment and one piece of artillery had landed. The courier reported one regiment and one battery. The offi- cer of the pickets, after relieving them, reported to me (cannot state at what hour) that about one regiment had landed at Buckingham. I then nude my written report from that of those two officers. Respectfully submitted. JNO. B. WILLCOXOX, Major, Commanding Cavalry Phillips Legion. HENRY A. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant- General. No. 4. Report of Capt. Carlos Tracy, volunteer aide-dc-camp. HEADQUARTERS SIXTH MILITARY DISTRICT, Camp Lee, March 23, 1862. SIR: In compliance with instructions from Brigadier-General Drayton, delivered at New River Bridge about 8 p. in. yesterday, that I should proceed to Major Wilicoxon, commanding in the vicinity of Bl uffton, and acquaint myself as accurately as I could with the facts of the reported landing and advance of the enemy on that day into and from the vii. lage of Bluifton, I proceeded towards that place, and found Major Will- coxon, with his command, 2 miles this side of Bluifton. I learned from Major Willeoxomi that the enemyreported shortly before by his scouts to bun and by him to the major-general cormunandimig as having retired from Blufitonhad returned. I inquired if this flict had been reported to Brigadier-General l)rayton, but found it had not been, because, as Major Willeoxon stated, he had not the countersign, and besides did not know if the report was true. I got Major Willeoxon to call before inc the men of his comman Page 107 CHAP. XV.] OPERATIONS NEAR BLUFFTON, S. C., ETC. 107 who could give me information of the movements of the enemy since the afternoon of the 21st instant. A commissioned and a non-cominis- sio ned officer and several privates were examined by me in the pres- ence of Major Wilicoxon. I learned from these that on the afternoon of the 21st eight boats had retnrned from the direction of Boxs (eight had been reported at Boxs on that morning), and that two steamers (scouts could not say if they were gnnboats) had come up to one of the islaiids near the Hunting Islands with four small boats with some men in them in tow; that the enemy that night had bnrned a small honse at or near Bnckingham Point; that on the morning of the 22d eleven small boats proceeded up towards the Hunting Islands. Eight of these kept the opposite shore, passed the Hunting Islands, and were not seen after- wards. They probably landed at or near the edge of Bluffton. Three landed at the Hunting Islands. The vedettes rapidly retired to Bluff- ton from the Hunting Islands and the enemy entered the yillage. Soon after that some of our men were fired upon without knowing that the enemy was coming. One man, who was near, said about lOt) of the enemy had been seen by him advancing by the bluff. Amiother said he had seen about 12 men at the back of the village, and that there were others, how maay he could not say; that our men rapidly retired; that the enemy advanced at the (louble quick until they reached the edge of the village on this side, and last fired upon us, as Major Willcoxon stated, from a grist-mill, which is said to be about the last house this end of the village and about three-quarters of a mile from the farther end of Popes lane; that the enemy, after firing npon us, retired at the double-quick from this end of the village, and were not seen, as far as 1 could learn, from this time, which must have been about 9.20 a. m. At that hour they had entered the village; that a detachment of 20 men, nuder Lieu- tenant Milholhin, had late in the evening entered the village, found no damage done, except to the contents of two stores, said to have had in them liquor and tobacco, and conversed with a negro mnan, who had some of their property in his charge, who stated, on delivering up these articles safely, that he had never seen any Yankees. The negro lived at this end of the village; that this detachment had commenced scout- ing towards the Hunting Islands (it was then dark), when a sergeant and two men saw a man lying in the road with his head towards them; that he was snapped at by the sergeant and a man, when he turned across the road and another mnan then joined him from the bushes and laid himself down alongside of him. Our men then fired and retired. One of them declared (this was reported of him; he was on picket at the investigation) that he saw two more of the enemy come up to the men lying in the road, and that one gun was fired by the enemy. The sergeant evidently did not believe that a gun had been fired or that two others had joined those in the road. No further scouting was done up to the time of my arrival at Major Wihicoxons camp. Being satisfied that if these objects in the road were men they were drumiken stragglers of the enemy, I advised Major Willeoxon to send an intelligent officer and 20 or more men to reach Bluffton by dayliaht and raJ)id~y scout towar(ls the Hunting Islands, and stated that [ thonglmt by so doing he could cal)ture such (lrunken stragglers of the enemy as had not gomme off in their boats. I had no doubt the sober men of the expedition had left the evening before. Major Wilicoxon said he had already determined to send out such a party in the morning. I learimed who was to lead the party, and got him to say that he would report to me in person at New River Bridge this morning Page 108 108 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. I returned to New iRiver Bridge, where I was to report to you, last night at 2 a. in. This morning Lieutenant Milhollii, who led the scouting party, reported to me that he made the scout as expected; that ito enemy was on the main-land anywhere near Bluifton, and that he had ascer- tained from satisfactory evidence that the objects seen and fired at by the sergeants and the two men last night, and oii which was based the supposition that the enemy had returned to Bluifton, were branches of trees. Respectfully, CARLOS TRACY, Aide-dc- Camp. HENRY E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant- General. P. S.Major Willcoxon stated that he supposed the force of the enemy to be from 300 to 400 men. No. 5. Miscellaneous orders and correspondence. IIDQRs. DEPT. OF Soum CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Pocotaligo, S. C., March 20, 1862. Brig. Gen. II\JAXCY GREGG, Commanding Fourth Military District, Jericho, S. C.: GENERAL: The general commanding the department directs that you will hold the Fourteenth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Colonel Jones, prepared and ready to move at a moments notice. He also directs that the regiment should he lightly equipped an(l not encum- bered by equipage, & c. You will, if possible, hold them in readiness, with three days rations in their knapsacks. By order of Major-General Pemberton: J. iR. WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Poeotaligo, S. C., March 20, 1862. Brig. Gen. MAXCY GREGG: The major-general commanding the department directs that you move forward Colonel Jones five companies near Toinotley, to the works on Bee Creek. They will proceed from Pocotaligo Station to Coosaw- hatchie by railroad. Transportation will be furnished immediately at Coosawhatchie. They will leave the cars and proceed by road to Bee Creek. Captain Thorntons light battery of artillery, Virginia volun- teers, has been ordered to Grahainville, S. C. Replace Colonel Jones five companies by a corresponding number from Colonel l)unovants Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. By order of Major-General Pemberton: [J. iR. WADDY,] Assistant Adjutant- General Page 109 CHAP. XV.] OPERATIONS NEAR BLUFFTON, S. C., ETC. 109 HDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. Brig. Gen. 1\IAxcY GREGG, Pocotaligo, 5. C., March 20, 1862. Gommanding Fourth Military District: GENERAL: If the Tennessee regiment Las moved you need not move Colonel Jones regiment, but hold it in readiness in case it is wanted, and relieve the pickets by cavalry and such other troops as may be most convenient, if you are required to move Colonel Jones. If said regiment should be moved the general will endeavor to move it by rail. The general leaves in a few moments for ilardeeville, S. C. Corn. municate by telegraph. I am, general, very respectfully, J. it WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General. HDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Pocotaligo, S. C., March 20, 1862. Brigadier-General DONELSON, Commanding Fifth Military District, Stony Creek, S. C.: GENERAL: The major-general commanding department directs that all the Tennessee troops, except the ones at the heavy guns on the Coosawhatchie River, advance at once by the public road towards New River Bridge. Those advancing from Grahamville, if forced to fall back, will do so by the same road on which they advanced to the intrench. inents on the Honey Hill road. By order of Major-General Pembe~ton: [J. 11. WADDY,] Assistant Adjutant. General. HDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Brigadier-General GREGG, Pocotaligo, S. C., March 20, 1862. Comn2anding Fourth Military District, Jericho, S. C.: GENERAL: I am directed by the major-general commanding the de- partment to countermand the, order just issued in reference to move- ments of troops in your district. Captain Thornton will be advised accordingly. By order of Major-General Pemberton: [J. It. WADDY,] Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Hardeeville, S. C., ]lliarch 20, 18628.45 p. m. Brigadier-General DONELSON, Commanding 1J~fth Military District of South Carolina: GENERAL: I wish you to move forward to the head of the Fording Island road, leading from Buckingham Ferry, with Captain Lathams battery. One company will be left at the heavy guns on Coosawhatchie River. Colonel Jones is ordered to move five companies to the intrench- ment near Bee Creek. You will not, however, await his arrival, bu Page 110 110 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CFIAr. XV. move at once. The five companies of your brigade now at Camp Pem- berton will proceed to Grahamville and occupy the camp now established. No tents will be taken except those from Camp Pemberton. Leave the one company at Coosawliatchie, as also those in Grahamville. I wish you to move as speedily as possible. If the companies have arrived from Camp Pemberton you can take them with you also. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. PEMBEIITON, Major- General, Commanding. IIDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, .Hardeerille, S. C., March 21, 1862. Brig. Gen. THOMAS F. DRAYTON, Commanding Sixth Military District of South Garolina: GENERAL: I consider that there is a sufficient number of troops now in hand and near Bluifton to capture or drive the enemy from his posi- tion at Hunting Island. This you will endeavor to do,if not already done, on the receipt of this communication. In consequence of the rep- resentations of a conner (dispatched to me by telegraph) and subsequent statements by Major Willcoxon, Georgia volunteers, I have been induced to order forward many more troops than enough to accomplish tlns object, and I desire you to carry out my orders, though this should not reach you until after daylight. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, [J. C. PEMBEJITON,] Major- General, Commanding. IIDQR~. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Hardeeville, S. C., March 21, 1862. Brigadier-General DONELSON, Comdg. Flfth Mil. Dist. S. C., Head of Fording Island Road: GENERAL: The general commanding directs that as soon as your men are rested you return with your command to the positions previously designated for your brigade. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Captain and Ordnance Officer. IIDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Pocotaligo, S. C., March 22, 1862. Col. Th G. M. DUNOYANT, Twelfth Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Stony Creek, S. C.: COLONEL: The major-general commanding the department directs that you move the eight companies of your regiment now stationed near Stony Creek immediately to Pocotaligo Station, where they will take the cars and proceed to Grahamville Station, S. C.; from thence you will proceed as speedily as possible to Grahamville by public road. You will equip your men with arms, ammunition, and three days pro Page 111 CHAP. XY.J AFFAIR AT SMYRNA. 111 vision in their haversacks. The enemy are reported advancing from Blufiton, S. C. By order of Major-General Peinberton: 11. W. MEMMINGER, Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA Brig. Gen. MAXCY GREGG, Pocotaligo, ~. C., March 22, 1862. Commanding Fourth Military District: GENERAL: As information has again been received of the landing of the eiiemy at Bluifton, the major-general commanding directs that you hold your command in readiness to move, if necessary. Colonel Dun- ovants regiment will move by railroad. I am, general, very respectfully, J. IL WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General. HDQRS. DEPT. OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Brigadier-General DONELSON, Pocotaligo, S. C., March 22, 1862. Commanding Fifth Military District: GENERAL: As information has been again received of the landing of the enemy at Bluifton, the major-general commanding directs that you hold your command in readiness to move, if required, at once. I am, general, very respectfully, J. It. WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General. MARCH 23, 1862.Affair at Smyrna, Fla. Report of Col. W. S. Dilworth, commanding forces of the Department of Fast and Middle Florida. IIDQRS. PROVISIONAL FORCES, DEPT. E. AND M FLA Tallahassee, Fla., April 4, 1862. MAJOR: I have to report a most successful skirmish, which took place at Smnyrna on [the] 23(1 ultimoCapt. I). B. Bird, Third Regiment Flor- ida Volunteers, C. S. [Army], commanding post, the skirmishers com- manded by Captain Strain, Third Regiment, and Lieutenant Chambers, of Captain Owens independent troop of cavalry. The enemy landed, or attempted to land, from gunboats Penguin and Henry Andrew in launches, when our men fired into them. The enemy retreated to the opposite side of the river and abandoned their launches, five in number. Captain Bird reports 7 killed, 3 prisoners, and about 30 wounded. Among the killed were Captain Mather, of the Henry Andrew, and Lieutenant Budd, of the Penguin. A runaway negro also was captured, who had piloted the enemy into the inlet to Smyrna, and who was to be hanged Page 112 112 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. This skirmish I regard as quite a success; not a nian Oil our side killed or wounded. Smyrna is the place where arms, & c., for [thej Confederate States have been landed, and the enemy were seeking to capture them. The enemy are preparing to advance from Jacksonville to Baldwin to cut them off there. I have the honor to subscribe myself, respectfully, your obedient servant, W. S. DJLWORTII, Maj. T. A. WASHINGTON, Colonel, Commanding. Assistant Adjutant-General, Pocotaligo, S. C. MARCH 28, 1862.Reconnaissance near the Mouth of Saint Augustine Creek, Ga. REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Egbert L. Viele, U. S. Army. No. 2.Maj. Oliver T. Beard, Forty-eighth New York Infantry. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. Iiybert Ii. Viele, U. S. Army. DAUFUSKIE ISLAND, S. C., March 30, 1862. GENERAL: I inclose a report from Major Beard. This is the third report on the iron-clad vessels. In case the vessels of the Navy are withdrawn, I can suggest no other plan than supplying their place with schooners armed with rifled guns and howitzers, and occupied by an infantry forceone in Mud River, one in Wright River, one at mouth of New River, and one in Cooper River. No batteries on land can pos- sibly be erected to accomplish the results that would be obtained by these floating batteries. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, EGBERT L. VIELE, General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General. Commanding Expeditionary Corps. No.2. Report of ]Jliaj. Oliver T. Beard, Forty-eighth New York Infantry. BATTERY HAMILTON, GA., March 28, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that I this day made a recon- naissance of the land about the mouth of Saint Augustine Creek. The best view was obtained from the summit of the upper Coast Survey station, on Elba Island. I send you a sketch of observations. The only rebel pickets about the mouth of Saint Augustine are stationed at the points indicated. In case of an attempt to cut them off their only chance of escape would be by swimming the bayou Page 113 CHAP. XV.] AFFAIR ON EDISTO ISLAND. 113 The rebels clearly visit Elba Island, coming low down. The following is an exact copy of a document found on the island: The Glynn Guards have been in gunshot of you, you damned scoundrels, and examined your quarters. We invite you ashore; we have no navy. I give it for what it is worth. The rebels have no fort erected at the head of Wilming- ton Narrows. A large black squai~e object is to be seen in the river opposite Fort Jackson. It looks like a floating battery. Anchored in the stream, below the fort, there is a steamer with two large schooners, one on either side. I think they are both armed, and intended to be towed iito action in that shape, as the schooners would in a measure protect the machinery of the steamer. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. T. BEAIW, Major, Commanding. Capt. J. II. LIEBENAU, Assistant Adjutant- General. MARCH 29, 1862.Affair on Edisto Island, S. C. REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Nathan G. Evans, C. S. Army, commanding Third Military District of South Carolina. No. 2.Col. P. F. Stevens, Holconibe Legion. No. 3.Maj. F. G. Palmer, Ilolcombe Legion. No. 4Licat. James Salvo, Washington Light Artillery. No. 1. Repo~-t of Brig. Gen. Nathan G. Evans, C. S. Army, commanding Third Military District of South Carolina. HEADQUARTERS THIRD MILITARY DISTRICT S. C. Adams Run, S. C., March 30, 1862. CAPTAIN: About two weeks since it was reported to me that the enemy had advanced from Edisto Island and had occupied Little Edisto Island, with the probable intention of effecting a crossing at the Edisto Ferry or at Pineberry. I sent a reconnoitering party, consisting of Henry Sea- brook, Edward W. Seabrook, Joseph S. Whaley, Joseph Seabrook, and Dr. ilanahan, privates in the Marion Artillery, who willingly undertook to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy. After three days work Edward Seabrook reported to me that the enemy had a grand guard of four companies stationed on the northern extremity of Edisto and Little Edisto Islands. This position of the enemy was also reported to me by Col. P. F. Stevens, commanding the Holcombe Legion, after a conference with whom I determined to attack the enemy, and directed Colonel Stevens to make the necessary arrange- ments, and that the expedition would be under his immediate command. On Thursday morning, 27th instant, Colonel Stevens reported that the arrangements for crossing the river, & c., were ready. On the laorning of the 28th instant I gave Colonel Stevens the written 8 R RVOL V Page 114 114 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. instructions (a copy of which is herewith transmitted, marked A). About (lark the entire forcethe infantry of the ilolcombe Legion (343); cay- airy, dismounted (75); the Enfleld Battalion (230); and the reserve (four companies), Lieuten ant-Colonel Moores battalioncrossed the Dawho River on a bridge of flats at Pineberry. The section of the Washington Artillery and cavalry detachment, mounted, crossed in a flat at Aikens Mill before sunset, and the force assembled at Governor Aikens winter residence on Jehossee Island. After duly organizing his command, Colonel Stevens, leaving the four companies of Lieutenant- Colonel Moores battalion as a reserve at Aikens residence, marched his command to Edisto island about 3 a. m. On the morning of the 29th instant, crossing Watts Cut, he pro. ceeded to a place known as the Old Dominion, where the first pickets of the enemy were met, who were immediately attacked, killing one and mortally wounding another (since dead). Agreeably to my instructions, he divided his command into three col- nums, one with orders to charge the bridge over the Little Edisto River and capture the company stationed on Little Edisto Island, one in direc- tion of Baynards, to prevent being cut off, as well as to prevent re- enforcements coming from the main body of the enemy, and another to attack the company at Mr. Whaleys place. These dispositions were faithfully and gallantly executed by Colonel Stevens, who had admirably effected all his arrangements before the movement commenced. I also placed a reserve of four companies of Colonel Moores battalion at Pine- berry, on the main-land, to guard the bridge of flats, as well as to be ready to support the attacking furce if required. About sunrise I crossed over the Edisto River and took my position on Jehossee Island, to be convenient to throw over more troops and to take command should the necessity occur. About 7 a. m. Colonel Stevens sent me a dispatch that he had progressed as far as Mr. Whaleys place, and had driven the enemy to their artillery, and would await further instructions. Thinking the enemy were in too large a force to be met by his divided command, I immediately ordered him to effect his retreat, and sent for- ward four companies of the reserve to cover his crossing over Watts Cut. The retreat was conducted in good order, and the majority of his command had arrived at Pineberry by 9 a. m. On account of the non- arrival of the flats sent for his use, Major Palmer and his command were retarded, and did not arrive until near 11 a. m. In closing my report I would call the attention of the general com- manding to the dauntless conduct of Major Palmer and his command. Crossing the bridge over the Little Edisto River, in obedience to his in- structions he burned the bridge in his rear and vigorously charged the enemy, determined to conquer or die in the defense of his country. To Col. P. F. Stevens I am greatly indebted for the skill and gallantry with which he conducted the expedition, to which is due its entire suc- cess. For individual instances of gallantry and devotion to our cause I beg leave to refer to the accompanying reports. To my personal staff great credit is due. Capts. Ralph Elliott and W Seabrook and Mr. Samuel Cary were engaged during the night in transmitting, under great difficulty, my orders. Asst. Surg James Evans was on Jehossee Island, prepared to render every assistance to the wounded. The guides (Edward W. Seabrook, Henry Seabrook, Joseph Seabrook, Joseph S. Whaley, and Dr. Hatmahan, of the Marion Artillery Page 115 CITAr. XV.] AFFAIR ON EDISTO ISLAND. 115 conducted the several columns and rendered valuable assistance by their thorough knowledge of the country. Very respectfiully, your obedient servant, N. G. EVANS, Brigadier General, Commanding Third Military Dist. S. 0. Capt. J. R. WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Pocotaligo, S. C. [Inclosure A.] IIEADQUART~J~S THIRD MILITARY DISTRICT S. C., Adams Run, S. C., March 28, 1862. COLONEL: Proceed to-night to Edisto Island with the infantry force of your Legion, the Enfield Battalion, a section of the Washington Artil- lery, and a small detachment of cavalry, and attack the companies of the enemy said to be on Little Edisto Island at the Old Dominion, an(l also at the places of Messrs. Bailey and Whaley. You will attack these companies vigorously, charge the force on Little Edisto, destroying the bridge over the Little Edisto mver after your passage, and drive the enemy off the island. You will place a reserve at Aikens Mill, with orders to join you at the shortest notice. Another reserve will be held to assist you at Pineberry. You will use every precaution not to be cut off. For this purpose send a strong picket in the direction of Baynards. Send also word to the pickets at Bear Island to inform you of the a1- proach of any vessel coining up the South Edisto. Should you capture any prisoners, you will hurry them off to the reserve at Pineberry. Should you deem it practicable to pursue the enemy beyond Whaleys, at the forks of the roads, you will immediately advise me at Pineberry, stating the coiidition and positioii of the enemy. Should you encounter a superior force in numbers too great to engage, you will effect your retreat in good order to Aikens Mill or to Pineberry, either way you should deem advisable and the most safe. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. G. EVANS, Col. P. F. STEVENS, Brigadier-General, Commanding. Commanding Expedition. NO. 2. Report of Col. P. F. Stevens, iliolcombe Legion. HEADQUARTERS HOLCOMIIE LEGION, March 29, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honQr to report that, pursuant to orders from Brig. Gen. N. G. Evans, commanding, I last night moved from Jehossee, about 3 a. in., on an expedition to Edisto Island, with the following force, viz: The Entield Battalion, 230 strong, Maj. P. Nelson, commanding; a detachment of cavalry, Holcombe Legion, dismounted, 75 men; Com- panies B and F, ilolcombe Legion, 81 men; Companies A, C, D, E, G, and H, or rather portions of each, 261 men, commanded by Majors Palmer and Garlington. Major Nelson, throwing out skirmishers from Captain Blairs corn Page 116 CHAP. XV.j AFFAIR ON EDISTO ISLAND. 117 thereon, determined to conquer the enemy, no matter what his force. The duty assigned them was most handsomely performed. Respectfully, P. F. STEVENS, Colonel Iloleombe Legion. Capt. A. L. EVANS, A ssistant Adjutant- General. P. 5.I omitted to mention that there was a str8ng reserve posted partly at Pineberry and partly at Aikens Mill ,on Jeliossee. This reserve con sisted of Lieutenant-Colonel Moores second battalion Sputli Carolina volunteers. I will send Major Palmers report. Moores battalion had four companies at Pineberry and four companies at Aikens Mill. Respectfully, [Inclosure.] HEADQUARTERS lloLcoi~n3E LEGION Camp Blair, & (7., March 31, 1862. CAPTAIN: II have the honor to report the following articles caphired in the late expedition to Edisto: 9 muskets and 7 bayonets; 2 rifled muskets and 2 bayonets; 17 sets of accouterments; 39 cartridges and caps; 9 nipple-wrenches; 12 ~vipers; 1 sword of First Lieutenant MeEl. haney, now in possession of Capt. W. J. Smith, to whom it was surren- dered; 1 sword, now in possession of Captain Crawley. Respectfully, P. F. STEVENS, Colonel iliolcombe Legion. Capt. A. L. EVANS, Assistant Adjutant- Gcneral. P. S.I forward also one letter mentioning the force on the island and the descriptive list of Company F, Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers. No. 3. Report of Maj. F. G. Palmer, Holeombe Legion. HEADQUARTERS HOLCOMBE LEGION, Camp Blair, S. C., March 30, 1862. COLONEL: In pursuance of your orders, as soon as Colonel Shinglers command crossed Watts Cut, I moved my command, composed of the following companies, Captains Smiths, Crawleys, Bomars, Maffetts, ilellers, Roebucks, and Bi shops, the two latter under the command of Lieutenants Wright and Bishop, numbering in all 260 men, across the cut~ and moved rapidly forward until 1 arrived near the Old Dominion house, when, nuder the guidance of Edward and Henry Seabrook, I filed to the left and rear of the house, throwing out Captain Smiths company, of 22 men, as an advance, and one platoon of Captain Crawleys com- pany to support it. Striking a (lirect course through the field for the bridge across Little Edisto River by a path known only to the Seabrooks, we moved forward as rapidly as the darkness of the night and the nature of the ground would admit. Arriving at the bridge, we drove in the enemys pickets, which I found stationed there, and having crossed over I left our chaplain, the Rev. Mr. McColLough, and Mr. Irwin, who had volunteered to me for the expedition, with Captain Bishops company, under Le command of Lieutenant Bishop, to destroy it, and ordered Lieutenant Wright to remain there as a support until the desttuction o Page 117 CHAP. XV.j AFFAIR ON EDISTO ISLAND. 117 thereon, determined to conquer the enemy, no matter what his force. The duty assigned them was most handsomely performed. Respectfully, P. F. STEVENS, Capt. A. L. EVANS, Colonel Ilolcoinbe Legion. A sststant Adjutant- General. P. S.I omitted to mention that there was a strong reserve posted partly at Pineberry and partly at Aikens Mill, on Jehossee. This reserve consisted of Lieutenant- Colonel Moores secon(l battalion South Carolina volunteers. I will send Major Palmers report. Moores battalion had four companies at Pineberry and four companies at Aikens Mill. Respectfully, [Inclosure.] HEADQUARTERS HOLCOMBE LEGION, Camp Blair, S. C., iJlareh 31, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following articles captured in the late expedition to Edisto: 9 muskets and 7 bayonets; 2 rifled muskets and 2 bayonets; 17 sets of accouterments; 39 cartridges and caps; 9 nii)ple-wrenehes; 12 wipers; 1 sword of First Lieutenant MeEI- haney, now in possession of Capt. W. J. Smith, to whom it was surren- dered; 1 sword, now in possession of Captain Crawley. Respectfully, P. F. STEVENS, Colonel Holeonibe Legion. Capt. A. L. EVANS, Assistant Adjutant- Gcneral. P. S.I forward also one letter mentioning the force on the island and the descriptive list of Company F, Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers. No. 3. Report of Maj. F. G. Palmer, Holeombe Legion. HEADQUARTERS HOLCOMBE LEGION, Camp Blair, S. C., March 30, 1862. COLONEL: In pursuance of your orders, as soon as Colonel Shinglers command crossed Watts Cut, I moved my command, composed of the following companies, Captains Smiths, Crawleys, Bomars, Maffetts, Hellers, Roebucks, and Bishops, the two latter under the command of Lieutenants Wright and Bishop, numbering in all 260 men, across the cut, and moved rapidly forward until 1 arrived near the Old Dominion house, when, under the guidance of Edward and Henry Seabrook, I filed to the left and rear of the house, throwing out Captain Smiths company, of 22 men, as an advance, and one platoon of Captain Crawleys com- pany to support it. Striking a direct course through the field for the bridge across Little Edisto River by a path known only to the Seabrooks, we moved forward as rapidly as the darkness of the night and the nature of the ground would admit. Arriving at the bridge, we drove in the enemys pickets, which I found stationed there, and having crossed over I left our chaplain, the Rev. Mr. McCollough, and Mr. Irwin, who had volunteered to me for the expedition, with Captain Bishops company, under toe command of Lieutenant Bishop, to destroy it, and ordered Lieutenant Wright to remain there as a support until the desti~nction o Page 118 118 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV the bridge had sufficiently progressed to cause any attempt at throwing re-enforcements across both difficult and hazardous; then he (Lieutenant Wright) was to rejoin me with his command. It was my intention, after crossing the bridge, to divide my force, and to place ofie portion under the command of Major Garlington, which would proceed up the main road to Hanahans house, the headquarters of the enemy, on Little Edisto, and I, with the other portion, would move along a by-path across the field by a more direct route; but after a consultation with Major Garlington we deemed it prudent not to divide our force, as it was nec- essary to leave two companies at the bridge, in consequence of the com- bustible material which had been prepared for setting it on fire failing to reach ns in time. Striking a direct course for Hanahans house we I)ushed forward at the double-quick, but had not proceeded more than a quarter of a mile before we succeeded in capturing 3 prisoners, who, upon being ques- tioned, asserted that they had one regiment upon Little Edisto Island. Having Captains Smiths and Crawleys companies in front, and not know- ing where the enemy was stationed, I ordered Captain Ilomar to throw his company to the iight and make a reconnaissance in that direction. He had not proceeded far when the enemy opened fire upon him from behind a ditch and bank about 100 or 150 yards oft; which fire was promptly returned by his company. I immediately ordered Captains Maffett and Heller to the support of Captain Bomar. Our men, succeeding in get- ting under cover of the bank, ol)ened a sharp fire upon the place from which the fire of the enemy proceeded, an d soon drove them from their position; but not being able to see, on account of the density of the fog, and supposing their main force at the house when they retired, I took it for granted they had fallen back to that position, and in the mean time Captains Smith and Crawley came up with 14 other prisoners, which they had captured. I then ordered Major C-arlington, with Captains i~Iaffetts and Hellers companies, to attack the house, and the remainder of the force to sup- port the attack. With a ye11 and at the double-quick they charged the house, but to their astonishment found only two or three of the enemy, who fled at their approach and escaped under cover of a dense fog. The forces left for the destruction ot~ the bridge, having accomplished their object, r~joined me shortly after I had taken possession of the house, but too late to take part in the skirmish. Having executed your orders in reference to the attack upon the enemy, and not seeing the fiats which were ordered to be sent to inc there, I immediately commenced crossing the prisoners and troops in a small boat, capable of carrying only 5 persons, which I found at the landing. I was therefore obliged to land on the opposite shore, from which l)lace we had to march through a marsh about three-fourths of a mile in length. Not being able to make an examination of the ground on which the skirmish took place, I am unable to give an exact account of the loss the enemy sustained. I know only of 1 being killed, 1 wounded and cap- tured, together with 18 privates and non-commissioned officers and 1 first lieutenant, all of the Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Regiment; m akinga total of 21 in killed, wounded, and captured. We also took some arms, accouterments, and baggage, but not being able to bring them off most of the things were destroyed. I was obliged, on account of the sickness of one of the prisoners, to leave him. I have the satisfaction of reporting that my command sustained no loss, and only 2 men slightly wounded, I belonging to Captain Bomars and the other to Captain Bishops companies Page 119 CHAP. XV.] AFFAIR ON EDISTO ISLAND. 119 I take pleasure in stating that the officers and men under my com- mand behaved in a prompt, gallant, and meritorious manner, and upon which the success of the expedition depended. Before closing my report I must call your attention particularly to the gallant part taken by Mini. A. C. Garlington, not only iii rendering me inv2luable assistance by his counsels, but by being prominently enoaoed in extending and attending to the prompt execution of every or(ler I gave; also to the active part taken by Mr. McCollough and Mr. Irwin in the faithful discharge of the duty I assigned them, upon which the safety of the command depended. I have the honor to remain, yours, respectfully, F. G. PALMER, Major Biolcombe Legion. Col. P. F. STEVENS, Commanding Expedition to Edisto, S. C. P. S.The Seabrooks not only rendered me invaluable assistance as guides, but took an active part in the skirmish we had with the enemy. [Indorsementi IIDQRS. HOLCOMBE LEGION, CAMP BLAIR, S. C., March 31, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to forward the above report of Major Palmer. In explanation of one or two points I would state that among the 21 killed, wounded, an(l captured, as mentioned by Major Palmer, there was 1 prisoner sick in the house, and he was the one left. I would also call especial attention to the gallantry of Messrs. MeCol- louob and Irwin at the bridge. While they were engaged in destroying the bridge a portion of the enemy, escaping from Major Palmers party, attempted to cross the bridge, but were driven back, Messrs. MeCol- lough and Irwin encouraging and directing Company I (luring the skir- mish. While holding the bridge two officers approached from Whaleys side (Big Edisto). They were fired on by a party under charge of Mr. Irwimi, and one of the officers was seen to fhll and struggle upon the side of the road. lie was not seen to rise again. The other fled. Mr. Irwin is under time impression the officer was of high rank, as indicated by his dress, and his impression is that he was killed. II forward the report of Lieutenant Salvo, comumnanding detachment of Washington Artillery. Respectfully, P. F. STEVENS, Colonel Holcombe Legion. Capt. A. L. EVANS, A ssistant Adjutant-General. No. 4. Report of Lieut. James Salvo, Washington Light Artillery. CAMP SALVO, S. C., March 30, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to report that, having received orders from Colonel Stevens at 1 p. m. Friday, 28th instant, to cross with my sec- tion of the Washington Light Artillery to Jehossee Island, in compli- ance therewith I left this camp at 1.30 ~ m. with the two pieces, one 6-pounder gun and one 12-pounder howitzer, for Grimballs Lauding, - which we reached at 2.30 p. m Page 120 120 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. ~CHAP. XV. There I waited till sunset with the view of precluding the enemy from observing our movements, and also because the tide was more favorable at that hour for effecting a landing on the other side. I then passed my command over in three flats to Governor Aikens Landing, on Jehos- see Island. Here, moving a short distance along the road, I halted till 2.30 a. m. of Saturday, the 29th instant, and then taking a negro guide moved down to the Little Edisto River, and took up a position directly opposite to ilanahans honse, on Little Edisto Island. In this position I waited for the burning of the bridge which joined Big Edisto to Little Edisto, the signal for me to take my jiart in the engagement, which the rattle of musketry and the shouts of the combatants soon gave me to under- stand had now commenced. Darkness seemed to linger later than usual, and I was afraid that the contest would be decided before it became light enough for me to render any assistance with the artillery. And when at last the daylight shone I found that a dense fog prevailed and entirely intercepted my view of the Ol)pOsite shore, so that even the tops of the trees on Little Edisto were invisible. This unfortunate condition of affairs lasted until the engagement was over, effectually cutting me off from taking any share in it, and preventing my seeing even the signal for me to open fire. After the firing had all ceased, having previously heard it in the direction of ilanahans house, besides much shouting there, too ,showing that our men had got there,~1 came to the conclusion that the fight at this point had been decided in our favor, and so, according to previous instructions, I sent the howitzer with orders to report to Colonel Shing- ler at Watts Cut; but before it got there our troops had all recrossed to Jehossee Island, and being met by Colonel Shingler on the road he ordered it to cross over to the main. Shortly afterwards I received orders to the same effect, and in corn- J)hiance therewith returned to Aikens Landing with the other piece, and embarking the section, reached Grimballs La~uding at 11.30 a. m. and this camp at 2 p. in., the pieces horses an condition. , ~, d men unscathed and in good I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, JAMES SALVO, Lieut., commanding First Section Washington Light Artillery. Adjutant Du BOSE, iloleombe Legion. MARCH 3031, 1862.Affairs on Wilmington and Whitemaroli lolands, Ga. R~POI7~Thus. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Quincy A. Gilimore, U. S. Army. No. 2.Col. Rudolph Rosa, Forty-sixth New York Infantry. No. 3.Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton, C. S. Army. No. 1. E~port of Brig. Gen. Quiney A. Gilimore, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS TYBEE ISLAND, GA., April 1, 1862. GENERAL: I send herewith a report from Colonel Rosa, commanding the Forty-sixth New York, from which regiment the hulk in Lazarett Page 121 CHAr. XV.] WILMINGTON AND WIIITEMARSH ISLANDS. 121 Creek receives its crew. One of his guard boats and 17 men, sent out daily from the hulk, have been taken by the enemy. They were attacked apparently by a large scouting party. I have always recommended that position to be held by a gunboat. At the time the very poor substitute of an old hulk was resorted to no gunboat was available, I suppose. The position is by flO means secure from attack in small boats, of which the enemy is k2own to have a good supply in Saint Augustine Creek and ad. jacent waters. The hulk when first sent there was intended principally to ])revent small steamers communicating with Port Pulaski through Turners Creek, and not to guard 1~IcQueens Island Marsh against the approach of foot passengers, on which extra and extended duty the boat and guard were lost. I urgently recommend that the services of a gunboat in Wilmington Narrows be at once secured. I do not consider the property (guns and ammunition) on Goats Point safe from a foray without this precaution. I recommended some days ago to General Viele and also to General Sherman to picket McQueens lslan(l from Bird Island battery, to which l)lace it is convenient. I could put some siege and field guns in posi- tion on Goats Point (screened from view from the fort) to cover Laza- retto Creek and send out every evening a boat guard from that point up the creek to remain out twenty-four hours. A small steamer like the Mayflower or Honduras is wanted here very much. If no gunboats can be had the steamer is indispensably necessary, and could be armed. This would help matters some by placing her near the hulk. I have made repeated applications for a steamer, but thus far without success. I sent this afternoon to Warsaw Sound, requesting that a gunboat from that place be sent up Wilmington Narrows until advices can be had from division headquarters. The messenger has not returned. Should the hulk be overpowered our batteries against Fort Pulaski would be exposed to a very annoying fire from her. The place should be held by us securely. I trust these matters will command your immediate attention. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMOIIE, Brig. Gen. II. ~. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Commanding Po8t. Comdg. First Division, Dept. of the South, Bea?~fort, S. 0. No. 2. Report of Gol. Rudolph Rosa, Forty-sixth New York Infantry. SHIP MONTEZUMA, Gibson Cat, 4pril 1, 1862. GENERAL: In accordance with your orders, I arrived here on Satur- day evening with a detachment of 30 men and 2 commissioned officers from the Forty-sixth Regiment. On Sunday I made a reconnaissance on Whitemaish aiid Wilininoton Islands, I)llshing in both cases out to Thunderbolt and Saint Augustine Creeks, opposite to Thunderbolt and Carston Bluff batteries. Nothing remarkable occnrre(l, excel)ting that the small stern-wheel steamer did show herself near to our boats left at Gibsons, in the Oatland Creek, which is not spiked, and turned back after receiving three of our musket shots from a point of land. For particulars apply preliminary to Lieutenant Metzner. On returning, I learned that, by an unaccountable hallucination o Page 122 122 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. the lieutenant left in command of the Montezuma, the German Dan- neufelser and 2 men had been allowed to visit Wilmington Island, and were missing. On Monday morning it was ascertained by a patrol that they had been on Danuenfelsers farm, and left there at 12 oclock, Sun- day, for the Montezuma. The usual boat guard was then Peft opposite Hunters farm, and a relief was sent for them towards the afternoon. Guard boat and relief are now missing unaccountably, together with 2 commissioned officers and 35 enlisted men. I shall stay here until fur- ther news. I just sent Captain Hiuckel to the three gunboats in Warsav Sound for the purpose of inducing one of them to make a trip up to Gibsons farm and the spikes across Wilmington Narrows. I most respectfully propose to send 50 men, with 2 commissioned offi- cers and two days rations, to-night for another reconnaissance in Wil- niington, and for ascertaining the fate of the gnard boat. If the Forty- sixth IRegiment is to give the men, then I most respectfully suggest Captains Seliwickart and Paulsackel, with 25 men, from their respect- ive companies each. By the sayings of Dannenfelser and of the negro whom I sent along great rewards ($12,000) have been offered for remov- ing from the fort the garrison. Perhaps an organized great patrol of row-boats lays in Turners Creek, and it would be desirable to have a steamboat there doing duty during the last period of the siege. Ou~ boats are transports, but not swift enough for military service, and th& distanc& is too great. By recounaissances I have got the conviction that the intercourse between the fort and Savannah can be stopped only by taking a po~i- tion on the water between Turners and Scrivens, imear to the spikes. All the other terrain is a net-work of creeks, passable for small boats, and of the most complicated features. To have a picket on the shore of the south channel, relieved fro:n this l)l~tce, I found entirely unfea- sible, useless, and dangerous. Perhaps from Birds Point it would be more suitable. Please find inclosed some papers. The one referring to Dannenfelser shows all traces of genuineness, and talks greatly for the presumption that he is no traitor. If one or two spacious and easy-moving row-boats could be sentif so, at once. Send also a dozen of good oars. Yours, most respectfully, RUDOLPH ROSA, Colonel Forty-Sixth Regiment. Brigadier-General GILL2IorE, Commanding Post, Tybee Island, Ga. [Indorsement.] Since I received the above, Colonel Rosa sends word that the 2 officers and 17 of the men (one boat party) have returned to the hulk. The other boat party was fired into and taken. Q. A. GILLMORE. No. 3. Report Qf Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Jiawton, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT [DIST.] OF GEORGIA, Savannah, Ga., April 5, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that on two successive nights, March 30 and 31, scouting parties were sent to Whitemarsh and Wilmin Page 123 Ca& p. XV.] 123 OCCUPATION OF EDISTO ISLAND, S. C. ton Islands from the Thirteenth Georgia Regiment, Colonel Douglass, which were e~tirely successful, killing 1 and capturing 18 of the enemy, 2 of whom have since (lied. They also captured a barge with a 6-pounder. We had but 1 man wounded, and it is feared that he will not recover. The scouting 1)arty was under the imme(liate command of Captain Craw- foid, Thirteenth Georgia Regiment, who conducted it with skill and gallantry, and all the officers and men nuder his command exhibited the most commendable courage and enterprise. I regret ffirther to report that on the occasion of a subsequent expe- dition to Wilmington Island, for the purpose of ascertaining the l)ositioil of the enemy and attackino him if there, Assistant Surgeoii l3easly was shot through the leg by a mistake of our own men and had both bones broken. There is reason to hope, however, that he will recover with as little injury as possible. I am, captain, very ~espectftdly. your obedient servant, A. It. LAWTON, Brigadier: General, Commanding. Capt. J. It. WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General. 0 APRIL 6, lS~2.Occupation of Edi~to IGland, S. C., by Union forces. Report of Col. Enoch Q. Fellows, Third New Hampshire Ii~fantry. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, North Edisto. ~. C., April 5,1862. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that the reconnaissance contem- plated last evening for to-day has been made and proved very satisfac- tory. I have takeu possession of the em ire island, and have not as yet seen the enemy. The Third Regiment New flampshire Volunteers and two pieces of artillery are stationed at the farther part of the island. I think our l)Osition is secure, and do not apprehend any danger. The Third New Hampshire Volunteers will be re-enforce(l immediately by the Forty-seven Hi New York Volunteers, the Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers being held in reserve. Two gunl)oats of light draught would be of great value to us here as a means of defense. The Crusader draws too much water to be able to run around in the creeks. Gunboats of light draught will be able to pass around the island, therefore keeping the enemy at bay, and securing all necessary I)Ositions. The steamer Uston arrived at this post this p. m. The sloop of war Dale is still in Saint Helena Sound. I am not frilly prepared to give you a full detail of the diff~rent l)ositions now held by our forces, but will make a full report soon. Colonel Moore has permission to visit Hilton Head, leaving Major Kane in command, who is frilly competent. The Ben DeFord returns to Hilton Head early to-morrow. A line of communication is kept up with the outposts by means of the cavalry. I will make a far- ther report to-morrow. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant E. Q. FELL6WS, Colonel Third New Hampshire Volunteers, Commanding Post Page 124 124 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [OflAr. XV. APRIL 9, 1862.Evacuation of Jacksonville, Fla., by Union forces. REPOI~TS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright, U. S. Army, with orders, & e. No. 2.Sccrctary of War to the House of Representatives. No. 3.Col. W. S. Dilworth, commaud ing District of Middle and East Florida. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gem Horatio U. Wright, U. S. Army, with orders, & c. HEADQUARTERS, STEAMER COSMOPOLITAN, Port Royal Harbor, S. 0., April 13, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report, for the information of the general commanding the Northern District, that, in obedience to the instructions contained in his letter of the 2d instant [fotlowing], I have withdrawn the troops from Jacksonville, taking with me all the stores and other public property, and likewise removing l)roI)erty belonging to the enemy, consisting in part of two S-inch columbiads, with chassis. and carriages, and three field pieces, with their carriages. Some few captured articles, for which we had not room on the transports, were destroyed. General Benhams letter was received by me on the 6th instant. On the 7th, l)reparations for withdrawing were begun by embarking the public stores, an(L on the 8th, at 12 in., the trool)s were marched on board, and the embarkation was coml)lete(l by about 2 p. in. the same day. Owing to the heavy wind which had sprung up (lurit~g the morn- ing, it was impossible to get all the transports clear of the wharf until near sunsettoo late to move safely very far down the intricate channel of the river that nightand it was therefore (letermnined by the senior naval officer and myself to lay oft the town until morning. This I was more willing to do as it took from our movement all appearance of a hasty retreat. At 6 a. m. on the 9th the transports, convoyed by the gunboats Ottawa, Capt. Thomas H. Stevens, senior naval officer; Peinbina, Capt. J. P. Bankhead, and the Ellen, Captain Budd, proceeded down the river, reaching Mayport, iiear the mouth, at about 2 p. in., but too late for J)assing over the bar, on account of the state of the tide. Here I took on board one company of the Fourth New hampshire i?egiment, which - had been stationed at the batteries abandoned by the enemy, and as our meaiis of transportatioii did not permit of our carrying off the guns, they were (lestroyed and their carriages and l)lattolms burned, as were also the small buildings thereat. At 3 p. m. on the 10th, the tide serviiig,th e transports passed the bar, the steamer Belvidere prOcee(hing to saint Augustine an(l the Cosmo- politan to Fern~ndina. Stormy veather detained the steamers at Fer- nan(hina until this mornin~~ which placewe left at about 7.30 oclock. The trool)s in garrison at Jacksonville were the Ninety-seventh Penn- sylvania Regitnunt, six companies of time Fourth New Hampshire Regi- ment, and two sections of Hamiltons battery, nuder the command of Captain Itansom. Under the general instructions of General Benham, I have disposed the force as follows: The Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment and Ransoms battery to Hilton Head, four companies of the Fourth New Hampshire Regiment, including the on~ at Saint John Page 125 e CHAP. XVI EVACUATION OF JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 125 Bar, to Saint Augustine, and the remaining three companies of the regiment to Fernandina. The garrison at Saint Augustine now consists of seven companies of the Fourth New Hampshire iRegiment, and that at Fernandina of the Ninth Maine Regiment, three companies of the Fourth New Hampshire Regiment, and one company of the volunteer engineers. The necessity for the withdrawal of the troops from Jack- sonville is to be regretted. A considerable number of the inhabitants had avowed themselves publicly in favor of onr cause, and, encouraged by the proclamation issued by General Sherman to the people of East Florida, had been active in their efforts to organize a State and city government. These persons conid not remain behind with their families with ally safety, the enemy having threatened the lives of all who should show us the least favor or even remain in town after our occu- pation, and I accordingly brought oft all such as desired to go, taking also such of their property as the limited transportation at my command permitted. Many of these people have abandoned all, and are without other means than the worthless paper currency in circulation before onr arrival. Their condition not o:Jy appeals strongly to our sympathies, but they have a claim to present assistance from the Govermunent to which they profess to be attached, and which owes them aid and prol cc- tion. I could see no way in which these people could be subsisted at Fernandina, w here most of them were landed, except by issues from Government supplies, for the purchase of which many of them, as before remarked, have no money. I have accordingly instructed the coin- mander of the post to cause provisions to be issued to such as minced them, not exceeding one ration per day to each person of twelve years old and over, and a half ration to those under that age, the provisions thus issued to be paid for by those having money. This arrangement will, I hope, be continued so long as the necessity for it exists. To Capt. Thomas II. Stevens, senior naval officer in the Saint Johns River, I desire to express my obligations for his efficient aid in the embarkation of the troops and in convoying them down the Saint Johns River, and to Capt. J. P. Bankhead, U. S. Navy, commanding gumiboat Pembina, for his valuable assistance in hauling the transports off the wharf at Jacksonville after the troops were on board, which, in conse- qnence of the wind, could not have been accomplished without assistance. I would also acknowledge the obligations I am under to Captain Stevens for his cordial co-operation during the time the troops were in occupa- tion of Jacksonville. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, II. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Third Brigade. Capt. A. B. ELY, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. N. Dist., flulton flead, S. C. HEADQUARTERS, Jacksonville, Fla., March 31, 1862. Capt. Louis III. PELOIJZE, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. F. C., Hilton Head, S. C: CAPTAIN: Reports from various sources more or less reliable have been received within the past few (lays of an intention upon tile l)art of the enemy to make an attack upon this place, and on Saturday, the 29th, it was rel)orte(l by persons coming into tile lines that his forces were at Three M~le Creek and prepared to attack the town. To ascer- tain the truth of the report I ordered five companies of the Fourth Ne Page 126 126 COASTS OF S C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Hampshire Regiment to make a reconnaissance of that vicinity, and in or(ler to see that nothing which should be done should be omitted [ accompanied the party myself. We examined the country as far as the creek and pushed the advance some three-quarters of a mile beyond without seeing anything of the enemy, but we learned that a party (horse and foot, numbering 100 perhaps in all) had been in that vicinity earlier in the day and had turned off to their right. Yesterday two companies sent out from the iNinety-seventh Pennsyl- vania Regiment scoured the country up to and somewhat beyond the run without meeting any signs of the enemy. To-day reports of a concentration of trOOJ)5 in our front have come in from various persons. At first I was inclined to viev them as repetitions of previous rumors, but Ii have since received intelligence in which I place considerable confidence to this effect: 1st. That the order for the evacuation of East Florida and the trans- fer of the troops to other localities has been rescinded, and that Governor Milton has been placed in command of all the rebel forces within the State. 2d. That troops were being assembled at the Six Mile Run, or Creek, and that they were to move to the Three Mile Ituim an(l take up position at once. 3d. That the forces just alluded to are as follows: The 3d Florida Regiment - -. 700 The 4th Florida Regiment - - - - -. 1,000 The 5th Davis Cavalry - - . - 650 The 1st Florida Battalion 350 Total ... ~,700 4th. That orders had been issued to return to this section of the State the First and Second Florida Regiments, relieving them by Georgia troops. Where these regiments are I am unable to ascertain with cer- tainty; some say at Pensacola, others in Yirginia. I shall, of course, hold this point to the last against any force that may be brought by the enemy, and am entirely confident, with the aid of the gunboats now here, of making a successful defense; yet I must impress upon the general commanding our isolated condition and the disparity between the forces numerically which the enemy can bring against us, as detailed above, and the troop~ under my command at this point. I would therefore most urgently apply to the general command- ing for an increase to the force now at this post of at least two regiments. Should this re-enforcement be sent. it should be furnished with the neces- sary subsistence. The two sections of the light battery under Captain Ransom are already here. We are getting up a work on the approaches to mount three or four guns, but it cannot be in condition for defense for several days. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT Brigadier- General, Gommanding. HEADQUARTERS, Jacksonville, Fla., April 2, 1862. Capt. Louis H. PELOTJZE, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. Genl., Hdqrs. II. C., Hilton Head, ~. C.: CAPTAIN: Since the date of my last report I have nsed every effort to ascertain, through individuals coming in, the strength and positio Page 127 CHAP. XV.] EVACUATION OF JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 127 of the enemy~s forces in this vicinity, and after sifting and comparing the inforinatioti obtained I am pretty well satisfied that the estimate then presented is not far from the truth. I wonl(l, however, state that instead of First and Second Regiments of Florida troops being returned to the State, two Georgia regiments are to be sent here in their place, and that General Anderson, who has beeii at Pensacola under Bra QO is to command the rebel forces in East Florida. I trust the commanding general may be able to send the re-enforceinents I asked for, and if a few cavalry could be added it would leave nothing to be wished Thm Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. IIDQRS. THIRD BlUGADE, EXPEDITIONARY Con~s, Col. W. G. M. DAVIS, Jacksonville, Fla., April 2, 1862. Commanding Provisional Forces of East Florida, Camp Lan yford, Fast Florida: COLONEL: After a careful consideration of the prol)ositions presented in your communication of the 1st instant, brought in by Mr. Oscar Hart, under a flag of truce, I have to make the following reply: 1st. That permission to Mr. Hart to have interviews with any citizens of Jacksonville in regard to their leaving the city cannot be granted, nor can I I)ermit him to collect transportation for the conveyance f per- sons desirous to leave our lines. The propriety of this decision you, as a military man, will readily recognize. 2d. That the policy announced in my note of yesterday, of permit- ting the removal from Jacksonville of such persons as may desire to leave our lines to join their families or to reside iu the interior of the State, will be continued, and that on application to these headquarters sn(h l)ermission will be granted as will carry them safely beyond our lines. We do not profess to wage war upon women and children, nor upon quiet, unoffending citizens; but, on time cont: ary, have douc all in our power for the protection of their persons and property. In announcing this policy I have to express the hope that it will be reciprocated by yourself iii permitting the free return to Jacksonville of such persons as may desire to come back to their homes. I desire further to say that the forces under my command are instructed to carry on all operations according to the rules ( f civilized warfare, and that any outrages upon unarmed and unoffending citizens will be punished to the full extent of the law. From the representation made to me of your character as an officer and a gentleman I am sure you will be governed by a similar spirit. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HDQUS. NORTHERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Read, k. C., April 2, 1862. Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT, Commanding U. S. Forces, Jacksonville, Fla.: SIR: In view of the fact of the already too extended line of opera- tions of our forces in this district, the major-general commanding th Page 128 128 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE ANI) EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. department directs that you make preparations for the early withdrawal of your forces from Jacksonville, Fla., the exact time and manner of which is left to your own judgment, the proper precautions being taken to. avoid the appearance of a retreat; to bring off all your stores and supplies, and have the withdrawal completed within some two or tbree days after the receipt of this order. Your attention will then be directed to the proper re-enforcing of Saint Augustine and Fernandina. At the former place it is believed that at least 600 men may be necessary, though perhaps you may deem it expedient that 700 or 800 should be left, or, say, a small regiment, if you have one, nuder a judicious and reliable commander. At Fernandina it is believed that 900 to 1,000 men will be sufficient, but 1,200 may, in yonr judgment, be necessary; which force you will select and place under a proper commander. Return yourself to this place with the balance of your command, unless you should feel that it was of great importance to the safety of Fernandina that you should continue for the present at that post. It being the intention to hold permanently the posts of Saint Augustine and Fernandina, you will dis. tribute, your supplies of provisions, ammunition, & c., between these two posts, leaving the supply for the longer time at Saint Augustine, if practicable, to the extent of some 50 or 60 days for the provisions, your troops, if possible, being so shipped at Jacksonville as to avoid any necessity for a transfer before reaching that place. It is the desire of the commander of the department that you should notify the people of Jacksonville on leaving that place that it is his intention to have all the aid and protection afforded to the loyal inhabitants of the interior of Florida that is practicable from the posts above named for the security of their persons and property and for the punishment of out- rages, and that you should notif:y all persons in that vicinity that we hold them responsible for the preservation of order and quiet, being fully determined that any outrages npon persons or property contrary to the laws and usages of war shall be visited fourfold upon the inhabitants of disloyal or doubtful character nearest the scene of any such wrongs when the actual and known perpetrators cannot be discovered. As Commodore iDuPont promises that his gunboats shall remain in the Saint Johns River, it is very possible that this force may be sufficient, with proper efforts on the part of the inhabitants themselves, for the security of that city. Lieutenant Tardy is directed to go in the boat which carries this, for the purpose of accompanying the re-enforcements to Saint Augustine, that he may there put such repairs as can be conveniently added for its defense, change traverse circles from the water battery to the interior work, & c. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHAM. Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS, Jacksonville, Pta., April 3, 1862. Capt. Louis II. PELOUZE, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. lix. Gorps, Hilton Head, S. C.: CAPTAIN: If East Florida is to be permanently occupied by United States forces, it is desirable and, indeed, ii ecessary that certain civil offices should be promptly filled. Questions are constantly arising which should not be left to the decision of the military commander, as they belong to a civil and not a military jurisdiction, and require Page 129 CHAP. XV.l EVACUATION OF JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 129 knowledge of law which officers commanding troops are not presumed to possess. I would therefore suggest that the Government be recom- mended to appoint a district judge and marshal, to reside at Jackson- ville, to take cognizance of all cases arising under the civil Federal juris- diction; and as a convenience to the inhabitants of the place and the United States troops in the vicinity, I would suggest the propriety of the appointment of a postmaster for Jacksonville, for Fernandina, and for saint Augustine, all of which places are in possession of our land and naval forces. I presume that the necessity for the establishment of a proper civil authority by the Federal Government is as fully appre- ciat~d by the commander of the naval forces as by myself; indeed, I understand from him that he will address a communication to the flag- officer upon that subject. It gives me pleasure to state what is only an act ofjustice to Captain Stevens, of the Ottawa, commanding the naval forces in the Saint Johns, that he has rendered every aid in his power to my command, and that in our counsels an(l our acts there has been an entire harmony of sentiment. Some of the citizens of the vicinity, whom I believe to be loyal to the Union, have already brought or desire soon to bring in cotton and other l)rodncts of their plantations and ship them to the North for sale. The orders so far received do not seem to be applicable to such cases, and I have the honor to request specific instructions in the matter. Very respectftuly, your obedient servant, II. G. WilIGHT, Brigadier- General, Corn~ manding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, NOTICE.] Jacksonville, Fla., April 7, 1862. In accordance with orders issued by the general commanding the Department of the South, the troops will be withd:-awn from this l)laUe, and I am directed by him to notifv the people of Jacksonville that it is, his intention to have all the aid and protection afforded to the loyal inhabitants of the interior of Florida that is practicable for the security of their persons and ~)roperty and for the punishment of outrages, and that he holds all persons in that vicinity responsible for the preservation of order aiid quiet, being fully determined that any outrages upon per- sons or property contrary to the laws and usages of ~var shall be visited fourfold upon the inhabitants of disloyal or (loUlbtful character nearest the scene of any such wrongs, when the actual and known perpetrators cannot be discovered. The undersigned trusts that, inasmuch as the unofihuding citizens of this place have been treated with the utmost for. bearance by our forces, it will not be necessary to carry out the inten- tion expressed in the last clause of the above notice. II. G. WIIIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, Jacksonville, Fla., April 8, 1862. Lieut. Col. Louis BELL, Comdg. Fourth N. H. Regiment, Saint Augustine, Fla.: COLONEL: The major-general commanding the department having directed the abandonment of Jacksonville as a military l)05t and the re-enforcement of the garrison at Saint Augustine, I send by the Belvi- 9 R RVOL V Page 130 130 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. dere four companies of your regiment and the regimental quartermaster to rel)ort to you. There will also be delivered at the same time subsist- ence and forage for about sixty days and 60,000 rounds of cartridges (caliber .69), for all of which Quartermaster Kelly has receipted. The remaining three companies of your regiment, under Major Drew, will go to Fernandina, to re-enforce the garrison at that point. The post at the mouth of the Saint ~Johus, at which Captain Sleeper, Fourth New TIami)- shire Volunteers, with his company, is now stationed, will also be aban- doned. What the arrangements in regard to coin ruands and brigades will be I am unable to say at present. Until further instructions are received you will therefore consider yourself as the commander of the i)ost at Saint Augustine, and make your reports to the headquarters of General Benham, commanding the Northern District. Captain Ran- soms battery, likewise on the Belvidere, is to proceed to Hilton Head on that vessel without delay. Please afford the steamer all dispatch in unloading. I shall advise that the Belvidere or some other light-draught steamer be sent back to ply betweemi Fernandina an(l Saint Augustine. I go to Hilton Head with the Ninety seventh Pennsylvania Regiment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, Ifernandina, Fla., April 10, 1862. Lient. Col. H. BISBEE, Jr., Ninth Maine Regiment, Commanding Post, Fernandina, Fla.: COLONEL: Three companies of the Fourth New Hampshire Regimneijt, now on board the Cosmopolitan, are to be added to the garrison of your post, and I have instructed their commander, Maj. J. D. Dre~v, to report to you. As it is desirable that coml)anies of the same regimen tbe kept together so far as possible, you will relieve those of the Ninth Maine, now at Fort Clinch, by these three companies of the Fourth New Hamp- shire Regiment. Iii withdrawing the forces from Jacksonville it ~vas necessary for the security of such of the inhabitants as had given free exhibition to their Union sentiments to remove also, and I have brought them with me, with such of their effects as our means of transportation permitted. To these people you will assign such of the vacant houses in Fem-nandina as may be needed for their tempom-ary homes, and, as many of these l)eol)le have lost their all and will not have the means of l)urchasing l)rovisions, you are authorize(I to furnish them from the Government supplies at the post to the extent necessary, not exceeding one ration ta each person of twelve years old and over and a half ration to those under that age. Such persons among them as have the means of paying for their subsisteuce must of course do so. Provisions sup- l)hied under this authority must be regularly issued, and you should appoint an officer to superintend the same, if necessary, and to make the proper returns therefor. I shall proceed to Hilton Head with the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment, and as I am not sure what arrangements will be adopted in v~wd. to ~ & e~ ~ jj~ ~ ~ ~ ~ returns, till further orders, to the headquarters of the Northern District. iileauisitions for supplies will be made to the same headquarters. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 131 CHAP. XV.] EVACUATION OF JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 131 No. 2. Report of the Secretary of War to the House of Representatwes. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. 0., April 28, 1862. SIR: In answer to the resolution of the House of Representatives, l)assed 01] the 24th instant, directing the Secretary of War to cominuni- cate to the House all the facts and circumstances within his knowledge in regard to the late evacuation of Jacksonville, Fla., by the troops of the United States, I have the honor respectfully to state that, conceiv- ing it to be the l)rovince of the President to direct this Department what facts in relation to military operations shall be communicated, he instructs me to say that Jacksonville was evacuated by the orders of the commanding general of that department for reasons which it is not deemed compatible with the l)nblic interest at present to disclose. Very respectfully, your obedient servani, EDWIN iXI. STANTON, Hon. GALUSHA A. GROW, Secretary of War. Speaker of the House of Representatires. No. 3. Report of Col. W. S. Dilwortk, commanding District of Middle and East Florida. HDQRS. DISTRICT OF EAST AND MIDDLE FLORIDA, Tallahassee, Fla., April 15, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report to the commanding general the evacuation of Jacksonville by the enemy, which was done on the 9th instant. When the enemy first occupied Jacksonville, and while all the Flor- ida troops were retreating in confusion and disorder, I, as colonel of the Third Regiment Florida Volunteers, or(lered a part of my regiment to advance in the direction of Jacksonville, and took a position within 10 miles of the city, with only 250 effective men. Soon I had eight companies of my regiment with me. After making a thorough recon- naissance of the city, I became convinced that I could not attack the city without heavy loss and could be driven out by the enemys gun- boats. I then determined to commence a system of annoyances, by attacking their l)ickets, foraging parties, & c. I made a successful attack on the picket near the city of Jacksonville, killing 4 and taking 3 pris- oners, when I was ordered to take command of the district. Colonel Davis was then ordered to the command of the forces near Jacksonville, and has most successfully carried on the system which I commenced, and which has resulted in their evacuation of the place. Colonel Davis I regard as an efficient officer, and commend him to your favorable con- sideration. I have further to report that after the evacuation the enemy returned, under a flag of truce, and were permitted to hand 52 negroes, which were taken in charge by the comman(ler of the post. I inclose a list of prisoners taken near Jacksonville and ask instruc- tions as to what disposition will be made of them Page 132 132 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. I also ask permission to exchange three of them for three of ours which were taken at Santa Rosa, near Pensacola, and are here on parole. This exchange could be made at Fernandina. I inclose reports of Colonel Davis, reporting the capture of these prisoners.* I have the honor to subscribe myself, your obedient servant, W. S. DILWORTII, Colonel, Commanding. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Assistant Adjutant- General, Pocotaligo, S. C. APRIL 10, 1862.Skirmish near Fernandina, Fla. REPOT~TS. No. 1.Lieut. Col. H. Bisbee, jr., Ninth Maine Infantry. No. 2.Col. W. G. M. Davis, First Florida Cavalry. No. 1. Report of Lieut. Col. H. Bisbee, Jr., Ninth Maine infantry. HEADQUARTERS, Fernandina, lila., April 27, 1862. Report in case of a party of men belonging to Company I, Ninth Maine Regiment, captured by the enemy on the 10th of April, 1862. Names of the party: Orderly Sergt. Richard Webster, Corp. James W. Bowman, Privates Isaac Whitney, John E. Kent, Alouzo B. Mer- rill, C. Wesley Adams, taken prisoners Private Ansel Chase, killed. At the time the above party were captured and killed Company I was doing picket duty at the railroad bridge which spans the creek separat- ing Amelia Island from the main-land. They were captured at what is known in this vicinity as the Judge ONeal place, which is about two miles and a half from the railroad bridge. The captaiu of the company (S. D. Baker) allowed this party of men on the 7th of April to remain at sai(l Judge ONeal place to protect the wife of one Mr. Heath whom I held in arrest at the time, and who was living at ONeals house. Captain Baker left the party at said place without reporting it to his commanding officer, doing it as an act of kindness and sympathy for Mrs. Heath, and, as his men daily frequented the vicinity with impunity, did not think that he was doing a wrong act or exposing his men. On the same day (7th of April) Private William W. Lunt, of Company I, Ninth Maine Regiment, deserted, went to the enemys lines, and, it is supposed, reported to the enemy that this party of men was stationed at Judge ONeals. On Thursday, 10th of April, Captain Baker sent 2 men to order the party in, who found the dead body of 1 man, that from appearances had been shot that day, and the remainder of the party taken prisoners. Very respectfully, H. BISBEE, JR., Lieutenant-Colonel Ninth Maine Regiment. Brig. C-en. II. W. BENTIAM, c~ommanding First Division, Southern Department. ~Not found Page 133 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 133 No. 2. Report of Col. W. G. iLL. Davis, First Florida Cavalry. IIDQRS. PROVISIONAL FORCES EAST FLORIDA, Camp Langford, Fla., April 12, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report, for the information of the col- onel commanding the department, that Capt. William M. Footman, of Company F, First Florida Cavalry, in charge of a detachment of 40 men (same corps), sent by me to watch the movements of the enemy near Fernandina and to repel any effort made to leave the island of Amelia for the main-land in such small parties as he might be able to cope with, in the execution of such orders encountered two men on the railroad, who had landed from a hand car and made them prisoners without resistance. In a short time afterwards he found a party of 15 men at the house of Judge ONeal. One of the party, offering resistance, was killed, and the rest then made prisoners. The whole of the prisoners were sent here by Captain Footman, and I have sent them by the train to-day, under a guard of 15 men, to be delivered to you at Tallahassee. I desire particularly to commend the conduct of Captain Footman, who has on this occasion, as he has at all times, proved himself a zeal- ous, intelligent, and efficient officer. I am about to increase Captain Footmans force to 100 men. fle will be assisted by parties of citizens should he at any time need them, and I look for good news from him before long. He will alarm the enemy and keep them confined to the island. I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. C-. M. DAVIS, Capt. I. S. CROSS, (olonel, Commanding Regiment. Aety. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dept. Middle and East Florida. APRIL 1011, 1862.Bombardment and capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga. REPQRTS. No. 1.Maj. Gen. David Hunter, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. Henry XV. Benham, U. S. Army. No. 3.Brig. Gen. Egbert L. Viele, U. S. Army. No. 4.Lieut. P. H. ORorke, U. S. Corps of Engineers, of condition of the works of investment on February 28, 1862. No. 5.Brig. Gen. Quincy A. Gilimore, U. S. Army, of operations against Fort Pulaski, January 28April 11, 1862. No. 6.Surg. George E. Cooper, U. S. Army. No. 7.Maj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, C. S. Army. No. 5.Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of AkJ. Cen. David Blunter, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, Fort Pulaski, Cockspur Island, Ga., April 13, 1862. SIR: The flag of our country waves over Fort Pulaski. I summoned the garrison to surrender at sunrise on the morning of the 10th instant Page 134 134 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. CHAP. XV. Immediately on receiving their refusal, at S a. in., we opened fire, the bombardment continuing without intermission for thirty hQurs. At the end of eighteen hours firing the Thrt was breached in the southeast angle, and at the moment of surrender, 2 p. m. on the 11th instant, we~ had commenced preparations for storming. The whole armament of the fort47 guns, :i great supply of fixed ammunition, 40,000 pounds of powder, and lar~e quantities of conimis- sary stores, have fallen into our hands; also 360 prisoners, of whom the officers will be sent North by the first opportunity that offers. The result of this bombardment must cause, I am convinced, a change in the construction of fortifications as radical as that tbrshadowed in naval architecture by the conflict between the Monitor and Merrimac. No works of stone or brick can resist the impact of rifled artillery of heavy caliber. Too much praise cannot be given Capt. Q. A. Gihirnore, U. S. Engi- neers (acting brigadier-general), the officer immediately in charge of our works on Tybee Island, for his industry, skill, and 1)atriotic zeal. Great credit is also due to his assistants, Lient. J. H. XYilson, U. S. Topo- gra~)hical Engineers, and Lieut. Horace Porter of the 0 rdnance Depart- inent. I have also to gratefnlly acknowledge the services of Capt. C. IR. P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy, who, with 100 of his mcii from the Wabash under command of Lieutenant Irwin, did nobly at the guns. Our gallant volunteers, under the scientific direction of Captain Gill- more, displayed admirable energy amid perseverance in the construction of the earthworks on Tybee Island, and nothing could be finer or more imnl)ressive than the steadiness, activity, skill, and courage with which they w-orked their guns in battery. When I receive the reports of the officers now- immediately in commandBrig. Gen. II. W. Benham and Ac~ ing Brigadier-General Gillmorea statement more iii detail will be immediately forwarded ; but I cannot close without expressing my thanks to both these officers, and the hope that Acting Brigadier-Gen- eral Glilmore may be confirmed in the position of brigadier-general, to which in this bomb2rdment he has established such deserving claims. I am happy to state that our loss was but one man killed, the earth- works of our batteries affording secure protection aga inst the heaviest fire of the enemy. The loss of the enemy has been stated as three severely wounded. I have the honor to be, sir, most respectfully, your very obedient servant, DAVID HUNTER, lfajor- Gc~crai, Commanding. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secratary of War, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, Tybee Island, Ga., April 10, 1862. To the COMMANDING OFFICER, Fort Pulaski: SIR: I hereby demand of you the immediate surrender and restoration Qf Fort Pulaski to the authority and possessiou of the United States. This demand is made with a view to avoiding, if possible, the eftusiomi of blood which must result from the bombardument and attack now imi readiness to be opened. The number, caliber, and completeness of the batteries surroundin Page 135 Cw~p. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 135 you leave no doubt as to what must result in case of your refusal; and as the defense, however obstinate, must eventually succumb to the assailing force at my disposal, it iS hoped you may see fit to avert the useless waste of life. This communication will be carried to you under a flag of truce by Lieut. J. H. Wilson, U. S. Army, who is authorized to wait any period not exceeding thirty mInutes from delivery for yonr answer. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, DAVID HUNTER, ]Jifryor- General, Corn manding. No. 2. Reports of Brig. Gen. Henry IL Benkam, U. S. Army. IIDQPLS. FIRST Div., NOETHN DIST., DEPT. OF TIlE SOUTh, Fort Pulaski, Coclcspur island, Ga., April 12, 1S42. SiR: I have the honor to report the conclusion of the oper4ions of the siege of Fort Pulaski, iu Savannah River, Georgia, which have resulted in the capture of that fort and its armament and the uncon- ditional surrender of the eff~ctive force of the garrison, amounting to 361, of whom 24 were officers, besides about 18 who were sick and wounde(l. This siege is, as I would remark, the first trial, at least oii our side of the Atlantic, of the modern heavy and rifled l)rojectiles against forts erected and snpposed to be sufficiently strong prior to these inventions, almost equaling, as it would al)pear, the revolution accomplished in naval warfare by the iron-clad vessels recently con- structed. These operations, with the cordial assistance and co-operation of the naval forces under Flag Officer S. F. l)uPont, have been a~com- phished by a p6rtiou of the troops of my division, for the most part nuder the immediate direction of Capt. Q. A. Gillinore, Corps of Engi- neers, acting brigadier-general and chief engineer of the siege, to whose rel)ort (copy of which respectfully forwarded herewith) I have the honor to refer for the details of the operations. Immediately after our arrival in this department, as you are aware I visited Tybee Island on the 3! st ultimo, and carefully inspected the works being erected there for the direct attack upon this fort, which had been well advanced by General Gillmore, under the directions of that faithful and judicious officer Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman, my 1)rede- cessor in this district. These works consiste(l of eleven batteries, pre- h)are(l for thirty-five to thirty-seven pieces of heavy ordnance, extend- ing along an oblique line of about one and a half miles in length, opl)osite the sontheast face of the fort, the extremities of this line being at dis- tances, respectively, of about 1 and 2 miles from the fort. They were 1)laced with great skill and judgment, and constructed properly, and with as much strength and regularity as the circumstances of the case would permit, and the care and forethought of the engineer in h)rovid- nug for the proper supply of ordnance and other stores that might be needed is worthy of especial niention, the whole arrangement at Tybee Island meeting my entire approval. I)esiring. how ever, to obtain, if possible, a concentric fire upon the work, I endeavored to arrange with General Viele, commanding at Dan Page 136 136 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLX. (CHAP. XV. fuskie Island, to accomplish this object, directing him upon the 6th instant to place a battery on Long Island, to attack the gorge of the fort on the west, and after a second visit to him, on the 9th, to con- struct another, if I)racticable and the distance were not too great, upon Turtle Island on the north, the object being mainly the moral effect of an encircling fire rather than the expectation of any serious effect upon the walls at that distance. From some cause, however, the heavy ordnance for these batteries did not arrive in time, and the lighter picces most available and I)laced in position on Long Jslan(I served rather as a diversion than for any serions demonstration upon the work. The main attack upon the work, as you are aware, commenced upon the morning of the 10th instant, at about 7.30 oclock, and immediately after the refusal of its commander to surrender according to your suni- mons previously sent. Being present yourself at or between our bat- teries for the greater portion of the (lay during the contest between these batteries and the fort, you are, of course, personally aware of the great efficiency with which these batteries were served, and of the successful commencement of the breach at the southeast angle of the fort on that day. You are also aware of the efficient and accurate firing of the guns fro~n the fort, directed as they were with great precision, not only at our batteries, but even at the individual persons passing between them or otherwise exposed. The fire on our part, though delayed at first by the necessity for obtaining the proper ranges, was kept up with such vigor that over 3,000 projectiles, varying in size from the 13-inch mortar shell to the 30 pounder Parrott shot, were thrown at the fort during the first day. At evening, as it was necessary to guard against the possibility of attack from the Wilmington marshes, a force of some two regiments was statioue(l upon the ridges of land adjacentone immediately in rear of the upper batteries and one on a ridge running towards Tybee River; and to give General GlIlmore an opportunity for the rest which he required, I arranged with him to remain myself at the batteries in general charge of the forces during the first hail of the night, directing at the same time that the shells should be thrown at the fort every ten or fifteen minutes during the night, for the purpose of fatiguing the garrison. This shell practice, especially during the early part of the night, while the moon was up, was reported to be most successful, or hilly as accurate as by daylight. As a principal battery of one James and five Parrott guns near the fort appeared not to have been so successfully served as was possible during the day, and as a detachment of 100 seamen from the Navy, under Lieutenant Irwin, had been kindly furnished to us by Flag- Officer DuPont, at the suggestion of Capt. C. R. P. Rodgers, which had unfortunately reached us too late for the first assignment to the bat- teries, I directed that a portion of this battery should be placed in the hands of this command, and the remainder, with suitable men, to be under Captain Turner, assistant commissary of subsistence, late of the First Artillery, U. S. Army, and now chief commissary of your staff and the James and three of the Parrott guns were assigned to the naval detachment accordingly. At about 7 on the morning of the 11th the fire opened on both sides with great vigor and accuracy, the certainty as to direction and distance being greatly beyond that of the l)reviOmms day, especially on the l)art of the enemy, there being scarcely any exposure of our force that did not draw a close shot, while the embrasures and parapets of our bat Page 137 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 137 teries were most accurately reached. At about 10 to 11 a. m. I visited all the batteries, finding each of them most efficiently served, especially the small mortar batteries nearest the fort, the batteries just referred to in charge of the Navy and Captain Turner, and the columbiad bat- teries under Captain Pelouze. I found that an erubrasure at the breached l~oint, which was much enlarged on the previous day, was now opened to fully the size of the recess arch, or some 8 or 10 feet square, and the adjacent embrasures were rapidly being brought to a similar condition. At about noon the whole mask and parapet wall of the casemate first injured fell into the ditch, raising a ramp quite visible to us, and soon after the corresponding parts of the adjacent casemate began to fall, the Parrott and James shot passing entii ely through (as we could see) the heavy timber blindage in rear of the casemates to the rear of the magazine on the opposite (northwest) angle of the fort. in this state of things I fdt sure that we would soon be able to peel off the whole scarp wall from the front of the caseinates of the south- east front, making a breach greatly larger than the small garrison could defend, with probably another smaller breach upon the opposite side, and I at once determined that if the resistance was continued it would be best and entim ely practicable to storm the fort successfully within thirty to forty hours, and I had given directions to General Gillmore to have suitable scaling-ladders prel)are(l for the purpose, and was arrang- ing for the proper forces, boats, & c., when, at about 2 p. in., we discov. ere(l a white flag thrown ul), and the rebel flag, after filling out to the wind for a few minutes at half-mast, came slowly to the ground. I then directed my assistant adjutant-general, Capt. A. B. Ely, to leave for the fort, but finding soou after your owim adjutant-general, Major Halpine, at the batteries, I commissioned him, accompanied by Captain Ky, to proceed there with the terms I proposedsimply those of your first notedemanding the surrender of the garrison and all the armament and weapons; no other modification to be allowed than that they should have as favorable terms as are given by our Government in this war. General Gillmore reaching the upper batteries soon after, and appear- ing to desire it, and as his services most eminently merited that his wishes should be gratified, I authorized him also to pass over to accept the surrender of the fort, and the terms assented to by him are essentially those dictated by me, excepting, l)erhal)s, those relating to the disabled mcii, who would otherwise have been a burden to us, and by the return of these I have ende~tvored to provide by a letter from Colonel Olmstead, the rebel commander, for the receiving of a like number of men of the Forty-sixth New York Regiment, captured from Tybee about two weeks since. I have now in closing but the pleasing dnty of reporting upon the instances of individual merit that have come nuder my observation dur- ing this siege, which reports must necessarily be brief where so many have done so well. To the kind and cordial co-operation of the naval forces, under Flag- Officer DuPont, I feel that our highest thanks are due, for it was only by their assistance that we have been enabled to completely isolate the fort from the hope of succor and relief, while the ready supply of ord- nanca stores and other material most needed by us at the last moment has been of great value, and the battery manned by their detachment, under Lieutenant Irwin, I have the pleasure of stating, was one of the most efficiently served against the fort during the action, a supervision being kept over it constantly by Capt. C. B. P. Rodgers in person, a Page 138 138 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. officer who, an acquaintance of more than twenty years assures me, is without a superior either in our own or any other service. To Acting Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gillinore, captain of engineers, the high- est praise is due for the exercise of his great professional skill an(I judg- ment and his laborious industry in arranging and personally superin- tending all the general preparations and all the details of the actual siege, which have resulted so successfully, showing how eminently worthy of the position and rank in which his previous commander, General Sherman, had placed him, as far as was in his power, and which rank 1 would respectfully ask your interest for the confirmation of by the President. Captain Pelouze, acting inspector-general of the depart- ment; Captain Tinner, chief commissary of the department; Lieutenant Portrr, of the U. S. Ordnance Department, and Lieutenant WiLson, Topographical Engineers, all in charge of batteries, rendered most zealous and efficient service, which their previous military education has so well fitted them for. Lieut. P. II. Oliorke, of the 11. 5. Engineers, acting as assistant engineer to General Gillmnore, was also most energetic - and useful. Of your own department staff I had the pleasure of iioticing repeatedly under fire most actively engaged Major ilalpine, assistant a(1jutallt-geIi- eral; Lieutenant Smith, acting assist~~nt adjutant-general; Major Ilough, most especially zealous; Major Wright; Captains Thompson and Dole and Lieutenants Stockton, Hay, and Kiuzie, your aides, not only com- plying with your own directions, but ready to aid inc at all times when needed. Lieutenant-Colonel Hall, of the Volunteer En gineer Regiment, deserves most special commendation for his activity, zeal, and general usefulness at all times, by night and by day, by which he comistan tly rendered most valuable services, as did the battalion of his hue regiment during the siege and ; i~1cArthur, e Eighth Maine ~)reviously and Captain of th Regiment, being highly praised by diikrent officers, who witnessed his successful management of his men at the batteries, deserves my com- men(lation. The companies of the Third Rhode Island Artillery, uu(ier Captain Tourtellott, served their guns most efficiently; and the Sevemutli Connec- ticut Regiment, under Colonel Terry, very ably manne(1 the batteries which they had most laboriously constructed, so that I designated them (as I was pleased to find had been, unknow ii to me, the previous selec- tion of General Gilhnore) for the honor of being the~first to garrison the surrendered fort. Of my personal staff, my senior aide, Lieut. A. B. Ely, acting assist- ant adjutant general, was constantly with me when not occupied other- ~vise by my (lirection, still showing most eminently every qualification, as he had (lone previously, for the responsible l)osition for which I had selected him, and Lient. S. N. Benham, my junior aide, and I-I. F. Hawkes, acting aide, were ready and prompt in the discharge of their ditties. Colonel Serrell, of the Volunteer Engineer Regiment, acting temporarily on my staft showed great zeal and activity throughout the action. I would respectfully recommend, in relation to the commander of the garrison of time fort, Col. Charles Ii. Olmstead, whose gallant conduct as aim enemy and whose courtesy as a gentleman are entitled to all consid- eration, that, should you deem it l)roper, the courtesy of the return of his own sword should be exteimded to him. his (letense, I womml(i remmiark, was continued until almost the latest limit possible, for a few hours more of our fire would, to all appearance, have sutliced for the (lestruction of the magazine and a larger portion of the fort, while another day would Page 139 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 139 in any event, have unavoidably placed the garrison at the mercy of a storming column from our command. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient serv II. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Comdg. N. Dist., Dept. of the South. Maj. ChARLES G. HALPINE, Assistant Adjatant- General, Department ~f the South. HDQRS. NORTH. DIST., DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, Tybee liver, Georgia, April 11, 1802. SIR: I have the satisfaction of inclosing to you herewith the terms of surrender ot Fort Pulaski. as arranged this day by Acting Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gilimore, whom I dispatched to the fort for that purpose iinmedi- ately after the appearance of the white flag from tlmt fort at about 2 p. in. this day, the anniversary of the opening of the fira upoii Fort Sumter by the rebels last year. The terms agreed to by Col. C. U. Olinstead, the rebel commander of the fort, are essentially those dictated by my- self, and such as I trust will meet your approval, from my 1)revious com- inunication with you on this subject. With much con gratalation to you on this first success in your l)resent department, I have the honor to be, most res~)ecttu1ly, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHA1\I, Brig. Gem. Comdg. N. Dist., First Di., Dept. ot the South. 1~Jaj. Gen. D. HUNTER, U. S. A., ~Jomntanding Department qf the South. [Inclosure.] FORT PULASKI, GA., April 11, 1862. SIR.: I have the honor to transmit herewith the terms of capitulation for the surrender to the united States of Fort Pulaski, Ga., signed by inc this 11th (lay of April, 1862. I trust these terms will meet your approval, they being substantially those authorized by you as com- IhaIl(ler oh the district. The fort hoisted the white flag at a quarter before 2 oclock this after- noon, after a resistance since 8 oclock yesterday morning to the contin- uous fire of our batteries. A l)racticable breach in the walls was made in eighteen and a half hours firing by daylight. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Brig. Gem. Vols., Comdg. U. S. Forces at Tybee Island, Ga. Brig. Gen. H. W. BENHAM, (Jomdg. IV. Dist. Dept. of the South, Tybee Island, Ga. Teruts of capitulation agreed upon for the surrender to the forces of the Uuited States of Fort Palaski, (Jockspur Island, Ga. ARTIcLE 1. The fort, armament, and garrison to be surrendered at once to the forces of the United States. ART. 2. The officers and men of the garrison to be allowed to take with them all their private effects, such as clothing, bedding, books, & c.; this not to include private weapons Page 140 140 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. ART. 3. The sick and wounded, under charge of the hospital stew- ard of the garrison, to be sent up under a flag of truce to the Confed- erate lines, and at the same time the men to be allowed to send up any letters they may desire, subject to the inspection of a Federal officer. Signed this the 11th day of April, 1862, at Fort Pulaski, Cockspur Island, Ga. CHAS. II. OLMSTEAD, Colonel First Vol. Reyt. of Georgia, Corndg. Fort Pulaski. Q. A. GILLMORE, Brig. Gen. Vols., Gomdg. U. S. Forces, Tybee island, Ga. [ludorsement.] I authorized these terms, subject to your approval. H. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General. Major-General HUNTER. HDQRS. NORTHN DIsT. DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Head, S. C., April 16, 1862. MAJOR: I have the honor to inclose herewith .a copy of the report of General Viele, giving an account of the operations of the troops under his command at and near iDaufuskie Island, as connected with the environment and reduction of Fort Pulaski. The principal labors of this command, as connected with the bom- bardment itself, have been already referred to in my report upon that subject, of the 12th instant as would have been the other matter re- ferred to in General Vieles paper, had it been received before my report was comj)leted. Although the investment was made more complete and perfect, as I therein stated, by the assistance of the naval forcesby whom, as I learn, the telegraphic communicatiomi to Fort Pulaski was destroyed yet it is undoubted that the formidable operations for the accomplish- ment of this object omi the main line of communication by the two channels of the Savannah River were accomplished by the incessant watchfulness and arduous labors of General Vieles command; and for this purpose there were prepared upon each of two marsh islandsfre- quently overflowed at the high spring tidesa strong battery of eight or nine guns, or seventeen in all, with the suitable magazines and splinter- proofs to protect the material and men, and in one case, for the proper security of the works, a causeway road was required of over one-half mile in length, for the passage of the ordnance and material, which of itselfwith the construction of the parapets, & c., of the batterieswas a work of extraordinary labor and exposure and meriting the highest commendation to all the officers and men engaged. For all the other details of the duties performed by this command, which were of great utility in the prosecution of this investment and siege, I respectfully refer to the report of General Viele himself. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. CHARLES G. HALPINE, Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of the South Page 141 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 141 No. 3. Reports of Brig. Gen. Iigbert 19. Viele, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, ASavannah River, April 11, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the troops under my command in connection with the investment and reduction of Fort Pulaski. The plan of operations assigned to me comprised the erection of bat- teries on the Savannah River, to cut off communication between the fort and the city of Savannah, from which supplies of ammunition and men were drawn, and to establish batteries on the islands adjacent to ~he fort, against the gorge and left flank, with which, in conjunction with the batteries on Tybee Island, the fort could be reduced. The exl)edition for these purposes was fitted out at Port Royal, and consisted of a detachment of the Third Rhode Island Artillery, a detachment of Volunteer Engineers, a battalion of the Eighth Maine Regiment Volun- teers, and the Sixth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, the Fcrty-eighth New York Volunteers, and a full supply of heavy ordnance and intrench- ing tools. A frill reconnaissance and report had previously been made by Lient. J. H. Wilson, Topographical Engineers, of the water communications with the Savannah River, by which it was developed that the rebels had sunk the hulk of a brig, securely fixed in its position by means of heavy J)iles in what is known as Walls Cut an artificial channel connecting Wright River (one of the outlets of the Savannah) with Bull River, which last, by its connection,, forms a direct communication with the harbor of Port Royal, thus serving as a thoroughfare between that harbor and Savannah. The removal of the hulk was the first thing to be accomplished, and was intrusted to Maj. 0. T. Beard, Forty-eighth New York Volunteers, who, with the aid of a company of the Volunteer Engineers, and by means of mechanical appliances, suggested by his own ingenuity, succeeded after three weeks of unremitting night labor, an(1 in close proximity to the rebel forces, in removing the piles and hulk from the channel, so as to admit of the passage of gunboats and light-draught steamers. This being accomplished, the expedition proceeded to the north end of Dau- fuskie Island, at which point a camp and depot were established for operations in the Savannah. Reconnaissances for suitable locations for the batteries were then made under the superintendence of Captain and Acting Brigadier-General Gillmore, during which the telegraphic communication between Fort Pulaski and Savannah was cut, and the wires, both land and submarine, removed for about the distance of 1 mile. Venus Point, on Jones Island, on the north side of the Savannah, and the upper end of Long Island, in the Savannah River, were recommended as the most feasible positions to be occupied. These islands, as well as all others in the river, are merely deposits of soft mud on sand shoals, always covered at high tide and overgrown with rank grasses. The occupation of points so unfavorable for the erection of batteries was rendered still more difficult by the, presence in the Savannah of a fleet of rebel gunboats, cons tautly passing and always on the alert. To have floated the ordnance iii the flat-boats in which it had been placed into the Savannah River would have exposed it to capture by the gun- boats. To move it over the swamps seemed almost impossible, whil Page 142 14-2 COASTS OF S. C, GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CaM. XV. at the same time it would be constantly exposed to view from the river. The alternative was adopted of moving the armament of one battery by hand at night on shifting tram-ways across Jones Ishand, and it was accomplished on the night of the 11th of February. A drenching storm added to the difficulties, the men often sinking to their waists in the marsh, anti the guns sometimes sli~)ping from the tram-ways. By morn- ing the guns were in position on the river, and the next (lay resisted, with unfinished platforms and without cover, an attack from the rebel gunboats, disabling them and driving them offi Three days after another battery was erecte(l on Bird Island, in the Savannah, under cover of the battery on Jones Island. Bird Island was selected in preference to the upper end of Long Island, as affording a more nuinterriipted corn rnan(l of the south channel of the river. Since the erection of the batteries the works have been con]l)leted on both isl- ands, the one on Jones Island being called Fort Vulcan, and that on Bird Island Battery llaniilton, and although the material of which they are composed (mud highly saturated with water) is of the most unfa- vorable description, they are both most creditable specimens of field works, and evidence of the great labor and perseverance of the troops under most trying circumstances, the fatigue parties always standing in water twenty-four hours. The positions selected for batteries to aid in the reduction of the fort were the lower end of Long Island and the sonth side of Turtle-Island. As these two points were directly under the fire of the fort it was deemed advisable to delay the erection of the batteries until those on Tybee Island were ready to open. Hence it was not until the night before the bombardment commenced that they were thrown up. The intrenchments were coml)leted, but before the guns were all in position the fort sur- rendered unconditionally. The mortar battery on the lower end of Long Island did good execution. It was gallantly served (luring the entire bombardment by a detachment of the Third Rhode Island Artillery, under Lieutenants Turner and Tisdale, receiving the niost constant and heaviest fire from the fort of all the batteries erected, without in the slightest degree diminishing its activity. In reporting the results accomplished I have to refer to the services rendered by the staff of General Sherman, without whom the work could not have been performed. These officers were, Captain and Acting Brigadier Gemieral Gillmore, chief engineer; Capt. John Hamilton, chief of artillery; Lient. J. II. Wilson, Topographical Engineers; Lieutenant Poiter, Ordnance Corps, and Lieutenant ORorke, Engineer Corps. Hesitating at no amount of exposure or fatigue, they succeeded by their individual examples in inspiring time men with that energy and zeal which could alone have led them to accomplish the arduous labor required. I am also greatly indebted to the services of Captain Sears, of the Volun- teer I~ngineers, and to Capt. J. II. Liebenan, assistant adjutant-general. The accompanying sketch exhibits the l)ositions of the batteries. Very respectfully, ~ our obedient servant, EGBERT L. VIELE, Brigadier- General, Comnwnding. lVlaj. CHARLES G. HALPINE, Assistant Adjutant- General. DAUFUSKIE ISLAND, April 14, 18G2. GENERAL: The accompanying report was prepared for you on the 11th, and was yesterday sent to Tybee, or rather Pulaski, hoping to fin Page 143 ChAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 143 you there. I did not receive your note of the 11th until yesterday (13th) afternoon. I think the report covers all the ground, and xviii send it as I had written it. With regard to the sortie, a couple of men prowling around from the fort the day before we opened saw the mortar, which had not been quite placed in position before the party was overtaken by daylight, they (the party) having withdrawn to escape observation, concealing a few car- tridges which they had brought (lown with the mortar. These were fonnd and carriehi off by the two men, who must have been in a great linrry, as they did no damage otherwise. The position of the Long Island battery seemed almost under the walls of the fort, and the men were very much exl)osed. Nevertheless, although over 50 shots were fired at them, some striking the parapet and some burstimig over their heads, no one was injured. The marks of the shell from this mortar I saw on the gQrge yesterday, and if I had had time to get heavy guns in position I should have had a fine opportunity to do a great deal of executh)n. Very respectfully, your obedient serlTant, EGI3E1IT L. VJELE, General BENHAM, Brigadier- General. Corn ma ndtng, ct~c. No. 4. Report of Lieut. P. if. ORorke, U. S. Corps of JiJn~ineers, of condition of the works of inecstrnent on February 28, 1862. DAUFUSKIE ISLAND, S. C., February 28, 1862. Sin: In compliance with your directions, I have the honor to submit the following report, showing rhe amount of work accomplished and the l)reseut condition of the batteries on Jones and Bird Islands: About the 7th of this month it was determined by x on to wait no longer the long delayed emitrance of the naval force into the Savannah River. It was at the same time directed that a battery should be planted, under cover of the night, at Venus Point, on Jones Island, at the earliest 1)racticable moment. The next day the proposed battery was staked out, and on the same evening an attempt was made to transport the guns and material to the landing on Mud River. This movement, after the greatest exertions to carry it into execution, had to be abandoned for that night, in consequence of the severe storm which ca:re up and time extreme darkness of the night. The attempt was made agamn on the ensning night, and was most successful. Five Par- rott guns and an 8 inch siege howitzer were landed on Joimes Island, and two of the guns were moved about 200 yards towards their intended l)ositions. Four platforms were laid the same night, two others corn- inenced, and a magazine built. As it was not deemed expedient to show ourselves in the (laytime, the work was suspended until the next night. The following morning saw our guns in position and ready for action. Fatigue parties were now set at work to throw up a parapet as rapidly as possible, and by night a parapet 8 feet wide and abont 3 feet high was thrown up in front of the guns. At the samne time a thin covering of earth was thrown around the magazine, in addition to the sand bags which had been placed around it at first. In consequence of the soft- ness of the mud of which the island is made, it was found impossible to make the parapet sufficiently high at once or to give it a regular shape. The first occasion for using the gums showed that the platform Page 144 144 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. fCIIAP. XV. furnished by the Ordnance Department were too narrow to allow them to be traversed sufficiently. Immediate steps were taken to provide the lumber necessary to enlarge the platforms. A grillage was formed of logs, and upon these planks were laid, increasing the width to 20 feet. Some of the lumber used had to be transported from the Winfield Scott, and other pieces obtained by pulling down houses on Daufuskie Island. The subsequent engagement with the gunboats of the enemy showed that our platforms were now sufficiently wide and firm. The spring tides now coming on, the whole island was covered with water, and our efforts were immediately directed to the completion of a level around the work. After having the battery twice flooded this was accomplished. The work for some days could now be prosecuted only at low water, and then with great difficulty, in consequence of the softening of the surface. Since then the work has been i)rogressing constantly, though slowly. There is now a parapet around the work over 1,000 feet in length, from 6 to 10 feet thick, differing on different faces, and from 3 to 4 feet high. The magazine is covered on top by 5 feet of earth and sand bags, and on the sides by about 10 feet in thickness of the same material. It is not entirely completed. A board walk has been built about 6 feet in rear of the platforms, to extend the whole length of the work, with other walks leading from this to the platforms. A good wheelbarrow road has been made across the island by laying poles about 2 feet apart and placing boards upon them. Some of the lumber last brought from Hilton Head has been applied towards making the garrison as comfort- able as possible. About the 19th of this month it was decided by yoa that a battery should be placed on the north end of Bird Island. It was staked out the next day, and the same night the guns and material were taken from Daufuskie Island to that point and landed. On the following day the platforms were laid and the guns put in position. Since then the levee has been built around the work, and in addition to this another has been built for the protection of the camp of the infantry supports against high tides. A magazine has also been built here, and secured as far as l)racticable. A strong wind prevented our flats from being towed backward and forward for two or three days, and consequently has prevented us from supplying the battery with sufficient lumber up to this time. Some of the platforms have begun to sink, and will have to be relaid. Profiles have been put up on this battery, and it is steadily progressing. Timbers for the foundation of the platform for the column- biad have been got out of the houses pulled down on this island, and are ready as soon as transportation can be had for them. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant. P. II. ORORKE, Lieutenant of Engineers, U. S. Army. Brig. Gen. EGEERT L. VIELE, Commanding U. S. Forces on Savannah River. No. 5. Reports of Brig. Gen. Quincy A. Gilimore, U. S. Army, of operations against Fort Pulaski, January 28April 11, 1862. HEADQUARTERS, Fort Pulaski, Ga., April 12, 1862. Sin: I have the honor to report that the several batteries established on Tybee Island, to operate against Fort Pulaski, opened fire on th Page 145 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 145 morning of the 10th iistant, at 8.15 oclock, commencing with the 13- inch mortars. When the range of these pieces had been approximately obtained by the use of signals, the other batteries opened in the order previously I)rescribed in General Orders, No. 17, from these headquar- ters, hereunto al)pended as part of this report,* so that by 9.30 oclock all our batteries, eleven in iiumber, had commenced their work. The breaching batteries opened at 9.30. With the exception of Thur 10-inch columbiads dismounted at the outset by their own recoil in conse~iience of their having been supplied with unsuital)le pintles, and from very serious defects in the wrought-iron chassis, which ~vill be noticed more fully in my detailed report, all the l)ieces were serve(l through the (lay. With few eXcel)tions, strict regard was paid to the instructions laid down in or(lers for regulating the rapidity and direction of the fire. At dark all the pieces ceased firing except two 13-inch mortars, one 10-inch mortar, and one 30-pounder Parrott, which were serVe(1 through the imight at intervals of twenty minutes for each piece. The only plainly l)erceptible result of this cannonade of ten and a half hours duration (the breaching batteries having been served but nine and a half hours) was the commencement of a breach in the easterly half of the pan-coup6 connecting the south and southeast faces, and in that portion of the southeast face spanned by the two casemates adjacent to the pan-coupe. The breach had been ordered in this portion of the scarp so as to take in reverse through the opening the magazine located in the angle formed l)y the gorge and north face. Two of the barbette guns of the fort had beemi disabled and three casemate guns silenced. The enemy serve(1 both tiers of guns bm-iskly throughout the day, l)ut without injury to the mat6riel or ])CkSOflflel of our batteries. The result from the mortar batteries was not at all satisfactory, notwithstanding the care and skill with which the l)ieces were served. 0mm the morning of time 11th our batteries again ol)ened a little after sunrise with decided eft~ct, the fort returning a heavy and well-directed fire from its barbette and casemate guns. The breach was rapidly en- larged. At the expiration of three hours time entire casemate next timepan- coupe had been opened, amid by 11 oclock the one adjacent to it was in a similar condition. Directions were then given to train the guns upon the third embrasure, upon which the breaching batteries were operating with effect, when the fort hoisted the white flag. This occurred at 2 oclock. The formalities of visiting the fort, receiving its surrender, and occupying it with our troops Consumed the balance of time afternoon aimd evening. I cannot induge in details, however interesting and instructive, in this hasty amid ~)rehimninary report, but the pleasimig duty of acknowledg- ing the valuable services of the officers and men under my command during the laborious and fatiguing preliminaries for opening fire, as well as during the action, 1 do not feel at liberty to (lefer. The labor of landing the heaviest ordnance, with large supplies of ordnance stores, without a wharf; upon aim open and exposed beach remarkable for its heavy surf, taking advantage of the tide night and day; time transportation of those articles to the advance batteries under cover of night; the erection of seven of the eleven batteries in plain view of Fort Pulaski and under its fire; the construction over marshy ground in the night-time exclusively of nearly 1 mile of causeway resting on fascines and brush-wood; the difficult task of hauling the guns, carriages, and chassis to their positions in the dark over a narrow road bordered by marsh by the labor of the men alone (the advance batteries being 2~- Embodied in report following. lOun VOLV Page 146 146 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. miles from the landing~ the indomitable 1)erseverance an(l cheerful deportnwnt of the officers and men under the frequent and discouraging incidents of breaking down, miring in the swamp, & c., are services to the cause and country which I do not feel at liberty to leave unrecorded. An idea ot the immense labor expended in transporting the ordnance can be gained fiomn the fact that 250 men could hardly move a 13-imwh mortar loaded on a sling-cart. Another circumstance deserving especial mention is that t~venty-two of th~ thirty-six l)ieee8 comprised in the batteries ~vere served (lilting the action by the troops who had perfortimed the fatiguing labors to which I have reP~ried above. They receive(l all their instruction in gunnery at such odd times as they could be spare(l from other (luty daring the week j)receding time action. The troops who participated in all the heavy labor were the Forty-sixth Nev York Voluumteers, Col. RudolPh Rosa; the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, Col. Alfred I-J. Terry.; t.~vo companies of the New York Volunteer Engineers (Captain Graef and Lieutenant Brooks), under command of Lient. Col. James F. Hall; two companies of I he Third Rhode Island Artillery, Cal)tains Mason and Rogers, and a small detachment fronm Company A, Corps of Engineers, nuder Sergt. James E. Wilson. Colonel Terry amid Lieutenant -Colonel hail entered most zealously upon the discharge of their varied (luties. A (letachment from Colonel Rosas regi muent, umm(ler Captain Jzlinckel, have occupied sim ice the 22d of February an advanced amid very exposed position on Lazaretto Creek, by which boat comumnunication between Fort Pulaski and tIme interior was cut off. Several imiterestiming reconnamssances & \Viimingtou Island were mna(lC by Captain lhinckel, one of which, corn- m:~:ded by Colonci Rosa, developed some useful information. Lient. I Aaaee Portem, of the Om-dnammce Departmnemit, has rendered signal, imupor- , a 11(1 imidispeminsabie services. Besides discharging mnost faithfully 1 he special duties of ordnance officer, lie (lirecte(l im~ person the trains- Imortatioli of the heaviest ordnance, amidi drilled and imistructed the men in their use, laborimig indefatigably night and day. He was actively engaged among the batteries during the action. Lient. James H. Wil- son, Corps of Topographical Engineers, joine(l my comnmand elevemi days before the action, and did good service in instructing the ~trtih1erists. He rendered efficient service with the breaching batteries on the 10th and 11th. Capt. L. H. Pelouze, Fifteenth Infantry, U. S. Army, and Capt. J. ~V. Turner, of the Commissary Department, U. S. Army, muem- bers of General Hunters staff, volumiteered for the actiomi, and (lid good service in the batteries. I am under obligations to Commander C. R. P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy, and a detachment of sailors under Lieut. John Irwin, U. S. Navy, for skillfully serving four seige guns in Battery Sigel on the 11th. Lient. P. H. (YRorke, Corps of Engineers, and Adam Badean, esq., volunteered, and served on my staff as aides during the 10th and 11th. Sergt. J. E. Wilson, of Company A, Corps of Engineers, Regular Army, (lid excellent service in mounting the heavy guns and getting them ready for action. He commanded Battery Buruside during the action. No mortar battery was served more skillfully than his. F will close this preliminary report with some general deductions from absolute results, without going iminto details or reasons. 1. Mortars (even the 13-inch sea-coast) are unreliable for the reduction of works of small area, like Fort Pulaski. They cannot be fired with sufficient accuracy to crush the casemate arches. They might after a long time tire out any ordinary garrison. 2. Good rifled guns, properly served, can breach rapidly at 1,650 yard Page 147 CHAP. XY.] FORT I~ULASKI. 147 distance. A few heavy round shot, to bring down the masses loosened by the rifled prqjectiles, are of good service. I would not hesitate to attempt a I)racticable breach in a brick scan) at 2,000 yards distance with ten gulis of my own selection. 3. No better piece for breaching can be desired than the 42-pounder James. The~ grooves, however, must be kept clean. Parrott guns throwing as nmch metal as the James would be equally good, supposing them to fire as accurately as the 30-Dounder Parrott. I append to this report a map,* giving the positions of our several bat- teries and the orders issued, assigning the detachments to the batteries, and regulating the direction and ral)idity of the firing. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GJLLMO1IE, Coindy. U. S. Forces, Tybee and Cock-spur Islands, Ca. Licut. A. B. ELY, A.A.A. C., iV D., Dept. oJ the South, Hilton ilead, S. C. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, fljybee and Cock-spur Islands, April 23, 1862. GENERAL: You showed me General Vieles report of the operations of his command on the Savannah River. As I was present with his forces as General Shermans chief engineer until after the Venus Point battery was established, I have, in compliance with General Tottens request and with General Shermans knowledge, furnished a report of those operations, and shall accompany my report of the siege of Pulaski with an accurate map of the Savannah Jtiver.* I am very desirous that there shall be no conflict or (liscrepancy in the records. This is my excuse for calling your attention to some l)ortions of General Vieles report, which must have left his hands without having been closely inspected by him. The points to which I refer are 1st. One impression conveyed in the report is that the obstructions in Walls Cut were removed by General Vieles command, when in fact Major Beard, Forty-eighth New York, then the l)rovost-marshal at Hil- ton head, was secretly seut out by General Sherman to do this work, with a company of engineers, more than three weeks before the invest- ing force left Port Royal or General Viele was assigned to their corn- man(l. The obstructions were removed on January 13, two weeks before General Vieles troops left Port Royal. 2d. The length of the road across Jones Island, over which the Venus Point guns were carried, is represented on the generals map as consid- erably longer than the distance from Fort Pulaski to the 10-inch mortar on Long Island, which opened on the fort the last day of the siege, while in fact it is not much over one-half as long. In other words, the Jones Island causeway is about three-quarters of a mile long, white the distance from Fort Pulaski to the mortar referred to is over one mile and a quarter, according to Coast Survey charts. The mortar was not at the extreme lower end of the island. The effect is to unduly exag- gerate the labor of building the road and the danger of serving the mortar. According to statements of Colonel Olmstead and his officers after the surren(ler not a single shell from Long Island reached the fort; a circumstance which might have been foreseen by a reference to the table of range for 10-inch siege mortars. * To appear in Atlas Page 148 148 COASTS OF S. C, GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. 3d. The map represents a battery on Turtle Island, while in fact none was placed there. A desire to secure historical accuracy in the records of this siege alone induces me to make these statements, which you are at liberty to make such use of as you think proper. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMORE, Brigadier- General, Commanding. General II. W. BENHAM, Comdg. Xorthn Di8t., Dept. of the South, Hilton ilead, S. C. HEADQUARTERS I)EPARTMENT OF SOUTH CAROLINA, Rulton Head, 5. 0., October 20, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report, compiled from i~ny original report to the Chief Engineer, of operations against Fort Pulaski, Ga., resulting in its capitulation to the United States forces under my immediate command on the 11th day of April, 1862: The two accompanying maps# are deemed necessary to a fill under- standing of the report. This success so fully demonstrated the power and effectiveness of rifled cannon for breaching at long distancesat distances, indeed, hitherto untried and considered altogether impracticable, thus opening a new era in the use of this most valuable and comparatively unknown arm of servicewas obtained with such singularly strict adherence to the details of the project as originally submitted by me in the previous December, and has withal in its developed results such an important bearing upon the character of our harbor and frontier defenses, that I feel called upon to enter into some details. The transfer to another field of labor of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman, lately in command of the forces on this coast, under whose auspices the project for the reduction of Fort Pulaski was pushed forward to within a few days of its final accomplishment, renders it proper that this report should refer to the preliminary operations directly connected with the siege. In the capacity of chief engineer on General Shermans staff I was l)resent with the investiug forces under General Viele when the Savan- nali River was closed above the fort by the establishment of the battery on Venus Point, Jones Island, on the night of the 11th of February last. I took no part in the erection of the Bird Island battery, oppo- site Venus Point. These two batteries effectually closed the Savannah River. In the double capacity of engineer and commander of the forces I was charged with the offensive operations on Tybee Island, where the batteries for the reduction of the work were to be established, and also with the completion of the investment by the blockade of the Wilming- ton Narrows and Lazaretto Creek passage. The data for this report will therefore be taken in a measure from my private journal and from official correspondence and orders. Fort Puiaski.Fort Pulaski is situated on Cockspur Island, Georgia, latitude 320 2 north and longitude 30 51 west from Washington, at the head of Tybee Roads, commanding both channels of the Savannah River. The position is a very strong one. Cockspur Island is wholly a marsh, and is about one mile long and half a mile wide. To appear in Atlas Page 149 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 149 Fort Pulaski is a brick work of five sides or faces, including the gorge, casetnated on all sides, walls 7~ feet thick, and 25 feet high above high water, mounting one tier of guns in embrasures and one en bay- bette. The gorge. is covered by an earthen outwork (demi-lune) of bold relief. The main work and demi-lune are both surrounded and separated by a wet ditch. Arouiid the main work the ditch is 48 feet wide; around the demi-lune, 32 feet. The communication with the exterior is through the gorge into the demi-lune over a draw-bridge, and then through one face of the demi- lune over the deuii-lnne ditch by another draw-bridge. The scarp of the demi.lune and the entire counterscarp of main work and demi-lune are revetted with good brick masonry. At the time of the siege it contained 48 guns, of which 20 bore upon the batteries on Tybee, viz, five 10-inch columbiads, five 8 inch colum- biads, four 32-pounders, one 24-pounder Blakely rifle, two 12-inch and three 10-inch sea coast mortars. A full armament for the work would l)e 140 guns. On the 29th of November 1 was (lirected by General Sherman to make an examination of Tybee Island and Fort Pulaski, and to report upon the propriety of occupying and holding that island and upon the prac- ticability (and, if (leemed practicable, the best method) of reducing Fort Pulaski. I reported as follows: HEADQUARTERS CHIEF ENGINEERS OFFICE, litton Head, S. C., December 1, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps, Hilton Head, S. C.: SIR: Agreeably to your orders, I proceeded in the steamer Ben DeFord, on the after- noon of the 29th ultimo, to Tybee Island, to make a military reconnaissance of that locality. The enemy had a battery on Warsaw Sound, whose exact position was un- known. The exact position of the battery controlling Warsaw Inlet has no bearing on the prominent points to which my attention was directed, namely, the propriety of occupying and holding the first Tybee Island and the practicability (and, if deemed practicable, the best method) of reducing Fort Pulaski. I deemed the reduction of that work practicable by batteries of mortars and rifled guns established on Tybee Island. I think it probable that a nearer position, on firm ground (although very shallow, and therefore ill-adapted to mortars and sunken batteries), can 1)e found on the island west of Tybee. I would establish these batteries from 20 to 25 yards apart, one gun or one mortar in each, behind the ridge of sand on the shore westward froni the light-house. I would sink the mortar batteries as low as the water would permit, and the guns sufficiently low to leave a high parapet in front. On the sides and rear of each I would have a high mound of earth, andI would cover each with a horizontal 1)0mb-proof shelter of logs covered with earth and supported by logs planted vertically in the ground. The embrasures for the guns should be deep, narrow, and of very little splay. I estimate that, after once obtaining the range, five-eighths of the shells from the mortars can be lodged inside the fort. I would have enough mortars to throw one shell a minute into the fort, and as many guns as mortars. For landing the ordnance required I would have built two or three large fiat-bottomed bateaux or scows, such as are commonly used on rope ferries. I think these could be built here. There are now probably at Fort Pulaski 700 good troops. About 200 landed yester- day, and the Navy officers informed me that at least 500 have entered the fort within the last three days, while some (probably raw recruits or portions of the Home Guards) have gone away. It may be their design to land on Tybee and hold the west end of it, to prevent the erectiou of batteries against the fort. I therefore recommend the immediate occupation of Tybee Island by one good regiment until the question of attempting the reduction of Fort Pulaski be determined. I learned while at Tybee that offers have been made by negroes to burn two of the principal bridges on the railroad between Charleston and Savannah. One of these l)ridges is said to be nearly 2 miles long. In a military point of view its destruction would be of great value to us, and I recommend the subject to your attention. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMORE, Captain, and Chief Engineer Expeditionary Corps Page 150 150 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. The armament proposed for the several batteries is giver~ in the fob lowing commanication: OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, S. C., Dec ber 5, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps, H;lton Head, S. C.: SIR: Should it be determined to attempt the reduction of Port Pulaski from Tybee Island, I recommend the following armament for the batteries, inclusive of pieces held in reserve to replace those dismounted or otherwise rendered unserviceable: Ten 10-inch sea-coast mortals; ten 13-inch sea-coast mortars; eight heavy rifled guns of the best kind, to be used some against the ba.rbdtte guns of the fort and some against the walls; eight columbiads for tiring solid shot principally, some of them to fire shells, in case it be found practicable to drop them in or explode them over the fort. The mortars should each have 900 rounds of shell, the guns and columbiads the same number of rounds of solid shot, anil the colunibiads 300 rounds of shell besides. It would be well to have a 15-inch columbiad, if one can be obtained. Very resJ)ectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMORE, Captain, and Chief Engineer Expeditionary Corps. The project set forth in the foregoin~ communications reCeive(1 Gen- eral Shermans sanction at once, with some slight modifications as to the number and caliber of the mortars to be llse(l, and was forwarded t Washington and approved there. Information was in due time received that orders to prepare and forward the ordnance and ordnance stores had been issued. For Inouths, therefore, preceding the fall of Pulaski, its reduction from Big Tybee, favored by a thorough iuvestlnent, formed one of General Shermans approved plans, awaiting Olily tile action of others in sending the necessary supJ)lies for its completion. The Forty- sixth Regiment New York Volunters, Col. R. Rosa, was sent to occupy Big Tybee Island early in December. Operations for investing the place by the erection of batteries on the Savannah River above the work were set on foot about the middle of January, 1862. It w-as known to General Sherman before that time that gunboats of medium draught coul(l eliter the river above Fort Pulaski without encountering any batteries oii the south side through Warsaw Sound, Willnington Narrows (or Freeborns Cut), and Saint Augustine Creek, and on the north side through New River, Walls Cut, and either Wright or Mud Rivers. Walls Cut is an artificial channel, narrow but deep, connecting New and Wright Rivers, and has for years been used ill luaking the inland water passage bet~veen Charleston and Savannah. This cut the enemy had obstructed by an 01(1 hulk and numerous heavy l)ileS, as ascertained about the 1st of January by Licut. J. II. Wilson, of the Topographical Engineers. These obstructions had all been removed by a detachment of our engineer trool)s, under Major Beard, Forty eighth Regiment New York Volullteers, secretly selit frommi Hilton Ilead by General Sherman for that purpose. The piles were sawed off on a level with the bottom of the stream, and the hulk was s~vung aroun(l against the side of the cut, leaving ample room for the passa_e of transports and gunboats. The opening of Walls Cut, which required four (lays and four nights to effect, Was reported to the Navy on the 14th January, ill order that the gunboats muight enter the Savannah River and cover us in the erec- tion of our investing batteries. At this time the enemys gunboats were daily passing up and down the river. Mu(l River is navigable at high spring tide for vessels of 8~ to 9 feet draught. Wright Rmver Bar has about ll~ feet of water at ordinary high tide. The Wright River passage ren(lere(l it necessary to approach to within about 2 miles of Fort Pulaski Page 151 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 151 After the removal of~ the Walls Cut obstructions a joint expedition of land and naval forces for the investment was organized by General Sherman mmd Commodore DuPont. This exJ)edition consisted of one regiment of infantry (the Forty-eighth New York Volunteers), two com- panies of the New Yomk Volunteer Engineers, and two companies of the Third Ithode Island Volunteer Heavy Artillery, with 20 guns of all caliber, viz, two 8-inch siege howitzers, four 30-pounder Parrotts, three 20-pounder Pdrrotts, three 12-pounder James rifles, and eight 24-pounder field howitzers, and ~vas accompanied by three gunboats. The troops were to ren(lezvous at Daufuskie Island where we already had three companies of the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, under Major Gardi- ncr, guardimig WaWs Cut. They had been posted there on January 18. The land force was iu readiness at hilton Head soon after the mid- dle of January. Various causes delayed the expected naval co-opera- tion, so that imo gunboats passed Wall~s Cut until time 28th of January. The na~-al forces were commanded by Coin mandem John Rodgers, U. S. N.; the laud forces by Bri gadier-Gemmeral Viele. Another mixed force, al)l)roacllillo by way (if Warsaw Sound, l)reselite(l itself on the south of the Savamummaim lUver, 1mm XVilumington Narrow-s (or Freeborums Cut), at the same time, time land fom-ce beimmo commanded by Brig. Geum. II - G. XVright and the guimboats by Fleet Captain Davis. 0mm time attermmoon of January 28 a recommimaissance was mimade by inc of Mud lhver am;(l the Savannah River shore of ~Jommes Island. Venus Poimmt, omi the margin of the Savannah, was selected as the position for one of the investing batteries. The hime for a road or causeway over the marsh between Venus I~oimmt and Mud River was also located. Its length was neamly 1,300 yards. This causeway or corduroy was never conm lileted. Jommes Islan(l is nothing but a mud marsh, covered with reeds and tall grass. The general surface is about on time level of or(limmary high tide. There are a few spots of limite(l area, Venus Point being one of them, timat are submerged only by spring tides or by ordinary imigh tides lavore(l by the wind hut t same over time lie character of the soil is the whole islammd. It is a soft unctuous mud, free of grit or sand, amid is in- capal)le of smmpporting a heavy weight. Evemi imi the most elevated places time ~)artially (Iry crust is but 3 or 4 inches imi depth, the sub- stiatummi beimig a semi-fluid mud, which is agitated like jelly by the fall- 11mg of eveim smuall bodies upomi it, like the jumping of men or ramming of earth. A pole or aim oar can be forced into it with ease to the depth of 12 or 15 feet. In most places the resistamice (himilmisimes with imicrease of peimetratiomi. Men walking over it are partially sustained by time roots of reeds and grass, and sink in only 5 or fi inches. When this top sup- port gives way they go down from 2 to 2~ feet, and imi some places munch fartlmem. A road or causeway of some kind across Jones Island from Mud River to Venus Point was deemmied necessary and determined upon at time outset, even if the gnus should not have to be carried over it, as time mneamis of getting speedy succor to time Venus Point battery in case of attack; Daufuskie Islamid, 4 miles distant, beiming the nearest point wimem-e tmoops could be kept for that liurpose. 0mm the 29t1m of Jammuaxy Lientenamit 0Rorke, of the Engineers, was dispateimed by me in a smumall boat to examine Loming and Elba Islands iii the Savammali Liver. Major Beard, Forty- eighth New Yomk Volunteers, acconipammied lii mini - Tlmey emitered tIme Savammimali River via CunmmimmThanm b I~oimmt at~ the lower cmi of Jomies Islamm(l, l)ahled imp time Savannah, stop- pimig several times omi Lommo amid Elba. [slammds, arid went aroumid the west end of time latter to ~vitlmiu about 2 minutes of Fort Jackson. Lientemman Page 152 152 COASTS OF S. C., GA., A NI) MIDDLE ANI) EAST FLA. CHAP. XV. ORorke rCl)Orted the HI)l)CV en(l of Long Island favorable for batteries, the suiThce being hilly as high as that at Venus Point. The following extracts from my journal furnish a portion of the history of the operations on Jones Island and the Savannah River for the in- vestment of Fort Pulaski, and may be properly introduced into this report: Extracts from journal of Brigadier- General Gilbaore, chief engineer Expcditionary Corps. February 1, 2, 3, and 4.The two engineer companies on Daisfuskie Island, corn- manded by Captain Sears, were employed in cutting poles for a causeway on Jones Island from Mud River to Venus Point, and for the engineer wharf on Daufuskie Island, New River. On the 4th, the wharf, with 8 feet of water at low tide, was completed. Ten thou- sand poles, 5 to 6 inches in diameter and 9 feet long, had been cut on Daufuskie Island, and 1,900 of them deposited at the wharf. The men of the Forty-eighth New York and Seventh Connectient Volunteers transported the poles on their shoulders, the average distance carried being 1 mile. At the suggestion of Captain Sears I had a swath cut and cleared of reeds and grass across the upper end of Jones Island, to prevent the enemy burning the island over. Navy officers were engaged in sounding Mud and Wright Rivers. No certainty as yet that the gunboats will enter the Savannah River. Mud River has about one and one-half feet of water in it at the extreme low tide, with a very soft (almost semi-fluid) bottom. Soundings in Wright River are not completed yet. February 5 and 6.Nothing specially new. En~in filling sand bags on Daufuskie Island, building eer force engaged in cutting poles, a temporary wharf of poles and sand bags on Mud River. and constructing a wheelbarrow track of planks laid end to end from Venus Point to Mud River Wharf. The Forty-eighth New York, Seventh Con- necticut Volunteers, and a portion of the engineer forces engaged in transporting poles and planks and carrying filled sand bags from Daufuskie Island to Jones Island (a distance of about 4 miles) in row-boats. February 7 and 8.Finished temporary wharf on Mud River. Carried several hun- dred filled sand bags across to Venus Point; also a quantity of planks and other bat- tery materials. Had the balance of the engineer materials required for the Venus Point battery put into lighters, so as to be ready whenever the gunboats should move. There appears to be no immediate prospect of their moving. February 9.I visited Commander Rodgers to consult in regard to his moving into the Savannah. He said he intended to attempt the Mud River passage that night ~u the high tide. The signal for his starting would be one note from his steam-whistle. Returned to Daufhskie and consulted with General Viele and Captain Hamilton, the chief of artillery. It was arranged that the flats, with the gnus and ammunition on them, should be towed by the steamer Mayflower through XValIs Cut and up Mud River into the Savannah, just behind the gunboats. They were accordingly taken in tow in the evening after dark from the engineer wharf. The night was windy, rainy, and very dark. The Mayflower, after several attempts, failed to reach Walls Cut, ammd cast anchor near the spot she started from. The gunboats did not niove on account of the weather. February 10.The gunboats Pemnbina and Unadilla are at anchor in Wright River, near Walls Cut. The gunboat Hale has taken up positiomi in Mud River about 200 yards to time eastward of the temporary wharf, in order to protect the landing and cover us if driven back. Captain Hamilton quite ill from last nights exposure in the Mayflower. I consulted with General Vielein the afternoon, and it was determined to establish the Venus Point battery at oimce, and wait no longer for the gunboats to go ahead of us. Orders from General Sherman to that effect were subsequently received that same evenimmg, also to effect this by lauding the guns omi Jones Island from Mud River and Imauling theum over the marsh instead of towing theni into the Savannah imi fiats, as first coiltenipluted. Major Beard, Forty-eighth New York Volunteers, and Lieut. J. H. Wilson, r()pographical Engineers, volunteered to assist Liemit. Horace Porter, tIme ord- imance officer, in getting the flats into Mud River and the guns on shore and into posi- tiomm. Accordingly the flats with the guns were towed by our row-boats up the river .mguimmst the tide and landed without accident. Two of them were taken about 300 yards into the marsh by Lieutenant Wilson. The Forty-eighth New York Vohmmuteers furnished the fatigmme parties, which had already beemi twenty-four hours at work on Jones Island and were very much exhausted. Deeming it impossible to get the gnus over that night, I directed themn to be covered with reeds and grass, to prevent their discovery by the enemy, and left there until the following night. I uring the night of tIme lOtim, Lieutenant ORorke, of the Engineers, with a party of volunteer engiumeers, counmuemiced the magazine and gun platforms at Venus Point Page 153 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 153 The party ConCealed their work at daybreak (11th) and withdrew. The platforms were made by raising the surface 5 or 6 inches with sand, carried over in bags. On this sand foundation thick planks at right angles to the line of the battery were laid, nearly, but not quite, in contact with each other. At right angles to these, deck- planks were laid, giving a platform 9 by 17 feet. The floor of the magazine was 20 incfles above the natural surface, and rested on sand bags. February 11.Continued getting battery and road materials to Jones Island during the day. Early in the evening I went to Jones Island with fresh men, to finish the labor of getting the guns over. Lieutenants Wilson and Porter and Major Beard took charge of the fatigue parties as before. The work was done in the following manner: The pieces, mounted on their carriages and limbered up, were moved forward on shift- ing runways of planks about 13 feet long, 1 foot wide and 3 inches thick laid end to end. Lieutenant Wilson, with a party of 35 men, took charge of the two pieces in ad- vance, one 8-inch siege howitzer and a 30-pounder Parrott, and Major Beard and Lieu- tenant Porter, with a somewhat larger force, of the four pieces in the rear, two 20 and two :30 pouu(l(r Parrotts. Each party had one pair of planks in excess of the number required for the guns and limbers to rest upon when closed together. This extra pair of planks bein~ 1)laced in front, in prolongation of those already under the carriages, the pieces were then drawn forward with drag-ropes one after the other the length of a plank, thus freeing the two planks in the rear, which in their turn were carried to the front. This labor is of the most fatiguing kind. In most places the men sank to their knees in the mud, in sonic places much deeper. This mud being of the most slippery and slimy kind and perfectly free from grit and sand, the planks soon became entirely smeared over with it. Many delays and much exhausting labor were occasioned by the gun- carriages slipping oft the planks. When this occurred the wheels would suddenly sink to the hubs, and powerful levers had to be devised to raise them up again. I author- ized the men to encase their feet in sand bags to keep the mud out of their shoes. Many did this, tying the strings just below the knees. The magazines and platforms were ready for service at daybreak. Lieutenant Wilson got his two pieces into posi- tion at 2.30 a. in. and Major Beard and Lieutenant Porter their four pieces at 8.30 a. m. on the 12th. At 3 a. m. Lieutenant Wilson started back to General Viele, on Dan- fuskie, to report the success. February 12.After giving directions for the fresh relief to be put to work in throw- ing up a dike around the battery to keep out the spring tides, which were l~ginning to flow, I returned to Daufuskie Island. The high tide to-day came within 8 inches of the surface at Venus Point. February 13, 14, 15.Various causes, particularly the weather, delayed the establish- inent of the battery on Long Island. On the morning of the 13th the rebel steamer I(la passed (lown by Venus Point under full steam. Nine shots were fired at her, striking her astern, all but one. Elevation good, but not enough allowance made for speed ot vessel. I was not in the battery at the time. All the pieces, except one 30- pounder, recoiled off the platforms. These were at once enlarged to 18 by 17j feet. On the afternoon of the 14th three rebel gunboats came down the river and opened fire on the battery, taking a l)ositiou about 1 mile distant. Battery fired about 30 shots. One of the vessels was struck. rhe boats then withdrew. February W.The steamer Ida, which ran the battery on the 13th, left Fort Pulaski and returned to Savannah, via Lazaretto Creek, Wilmington Narrows, Turners Creek, and Saint Augustine Creek. February 17.I returned to Hilton Head, by General Shermans order, leaving Lieu- tenant ()Rorke with General Viele, with written instructions concerning the engineer- ing operations to l)e carried on. The foregoing extracts from my journal are all that bear directly upon the operations on the Savannah above Fort Pulaski. I did not return there on (lilt v. I soon received official information however that a Secon(1 battery, consisting of one 8-inch siege howitzer, one ~30-poniider Parrott, one 20-pounder Parrott, and three 12-pounder James rifles, ~vas estab- lished on Bird Island, just above Long Island. rfhis was done on the night of February 20, the fiats, with the guns, ammunition, & c., on them, being towed itI) Mu(l River and across the Savannah by row-boats. Lientenant OIlorke, of the Engineers, was present as engineer officer, and Lieutenaiit Porter as ordnance officer. Capt. John ilatnilton, Geit- eral Shermans chief of artillery, was also l)resent. On the 19th of February 1 was ordered by Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman to Big Tybee Island, to place it in a thorough state of (lefelise against approach from Wilmington Narrows and Lazaretto Creek, to l)revent al Page 154 154 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. approach by water, an(l 1)locka(le the channel, thereb.V completing the investment, and also to commence operations for the bombardment of Fort Pulaski. The absolute blockade of Pulaski dates from the 22d of February, at which time I statione(l two companies of the Forty-sixth New York Volunteers, with a battery of two field pieces, on Decent Island, Laza- retto Creek. This force was subsequently placed on board aii old hulk, anchored in Lazaretto Creek, about 2~ miles from Fort Pulaski. One 30-pounder Parrott was then added to the battery. A small guard boat, mounting a Navy 6 l)ounder, was posted considerably in advance of the h~ilk,to intercept messengers attempting to reach Fort Pulaski by way of McQueeus Island Marsh. On the 31st of March the gnard boat and 18 men were captured by a large scouting party of the enemy, who suddenly appeared on Wilminpton island. After this th~ services of the gunboat Norwich, Captain Duncan, were seenred in Wilmington Narrows, to assist time blockade. It was tounti impossible to perfectly isolate the work. In order to appreciate the difficulty and even impracticability of securing, with ordi- nary means, the complete l)lockade of a place like Fort Pulaski, it i~ necessary to understand something of the topography of the position. The Savannah River, from its mouth on Tybee Roads to its confluence with Saint Angustine Creek, 8 miles above, is skirted on both sides by low marsh islands, subhierged by spring tides, covered with a thick growth ot reeds and tall grass, afl(l cut up by numerous small, tortu- ous creeks amid bayous. With light boats that can be hauled over the marsh by hand from creek to creek small l)arties familiar with the local- ity can -with comparative securit.y find their ~vay over these marshes in the night, and avoid guards and l)ickets. It ~vaskno~vn that mnessen- gers passed to anti from the tort in this way quite frequently. Several of these were caught. One of them started fromii the fort amid made his escape to Savaniiah, just after the white flag was raised, on the day of the surrender. On the 21st of February the first vessel with oL-(lnalice ami(l ordnance stores for time siege arrived iii Tybee Roads. F~-omn that time until the 9th of April all the troops on Tybee Island, consistii ig of time Seventh Regimnemit Connecticut V(~luIitee1-s, the Fort~y-sixtl~ Regiment New York Volunteers, two companies of the Volunteer Engineers, amid, for the most ot the time, two companies of the Thud Rhode Island Volunteer Artillery, were constantly cmi gaged in I amid in g and tiami sporting ord- nance, ordnance stores, and battery materials, making fascines anti roads, constructing gumm and umomfar batteries, service and (leI)ot magazmnes, splinter and bomnb proof shelters for the i-chief of cannoneers oft duty, and (Irillimig at the several l)ieees. The armament comprised 3~ l)ieces, distributed in eleven batteries, at various distances from the tort as shown in the folJo~ving table: 1. Battery Stanton, three heavx I inch mortars, at 3,400 yards. 2. Battery Grant, three he ix ~ 1 1 iIa ii niortars, at 3,200 yai-ds. :3. Battery Lyon, three heavy 10 inch cohimbiads, at 3,100 yards. 4. Battery Lincoln, three heavy 5 inch colnaihiads, at 3, 04i yards. 3. Battery Buraside, one hcax 1 inch mortar, at 2,750 yards. 6. Battery Sherman, thr c h ix x 1 1 inch mortals, at 2,OSt) yar(ls. 7. Battery Halleck, two he mx x 1) inch mortars, at 2,400 yards. S. Battery Scott, ihree 10inch and one S-inch colniiibiad, at 1,740 yar(ls. 9. Battery Sigel, five 30- ponii(ler Parrotts and one 45-pounder James (01(1 24-poundeu-), at 1,670 yards. 10. Battery McClellan, two ~4-pounder James (old 42-pounder) and two 64-ponnder James (01(1 3--ponnder), at 1,630 yards. 11. Battery Totten, fonr 10-inch siege mortars, at 1,630 yards Page 155 CHiP. XV.1 FORT PULASKI. 15& Each battery had a service magazine capable of containing a supply of powder for about two days firing. A depot powder magazine of 3,600 barrels capacity was constructed near the Martello Tower, which was the landing place for all the supplies. Serious difficulties were encountere(l in making a road sufficiently firm to serve for this heavy transportation. Tybee Island is mostly a mud marsh, like other marsh islands on thi& coast. Several ridges and hummocks of firm ground, however, exist upon it, and the shore of Tybee Roads, where the batteries were located, is partially skirted by low sand banks, formed by the gradual and pro- tracted action of the wind and tides. The distance along this shore from the landing place to the advanced batteries is about 24 miles. The last mile of this route, on which the seven most advanced batteries were placed, is low and marshy, lies in full view of Fort Pulaski, and is within effective range of its guns. The constructiou of a causeway resting on fascines and brush-wood over this swampy portion of the line; the erection of the several batteries, with the magazines, gun plat- forms, and splinter-proof shelters; the transportation of the heaviest ordua rice in our service by the labor of mcii alone; time hauling of ordnance stores and engineer supplies, an(i the mounting of the guns and iriortars omi their carriages and beds had to be done almost exclu- sive y at night, alike regardless of tIme inclemency of the weather and of the miasma from the swamps. one ext~ept an eye-witness can form any l)Llt a faint conception of tIme herculean labor by which mortars of 8~ tons weight and columbiads but a trifle lighter were moved in the dead of imight over a narrow cause- way, bordered by swamps on either side and ii at to able any moment be overturned and buried iu time mud beyond reach. The stratum of mud is about 12 f& t deep, and on several occasions time heaviest pieces, l)articularly the mortars, became detached from the sling-carts, and were with great difficulty, by the use of I)lanks amid skids, kept from sinking to time bottom. Two hundred amid fifty mcmi were barely suffi- ciemit to move a single piece on sling carts. Time men were not allawed to simeak abo~-e a whisper, and were guided by time notes of a whistle. Time l)ositions selected for the five most advamiced batteries were artificially screened from view from the fort by a gradual and almost inperce~)tible change, made little by little every miigimt, in time condition amid appearance of the biush-wood and bushes in frommt of them. No su(l(leim alteration of the outline of tIme lammdscape was l)ermitted. After the concealment was once l)erfected to such a (legree as to afford a good amid safe parapet behind it less care was takemm, and some of time work in the batteries requiring mecimanical skill was done imm the daytime, the flitigue parties goiiig to their lai)or before break of day amid returnino- 6 in the evenimig after dark. In all the batteries traverses were placed betweemi time pieces. With two exceptions (Batteries Lincoln amid Tot- ten) the magazines were placed in or near the cemmter of the battery, against the epaulememit, with the openimmg to the rear. An ante-room for filling cartridge bags was attachme(l to each. The magazines for the Batteries Lincoln amid Totten weme located in the rear of the platforms. For revetting time sides of the traverses and epaulemnents fascines, hurdles, brush, and marsh sods were used. Marsh sods form the best revetmemit for sandy soil. All time otimers allow the sammd to sift through them to such an extent as to become a serious aumnoyance to time mcmi servimig time l)ieces. In order to diminish as much as possible the labor of forming the parapets in frommt of the pieces the foundation timbers of all the gu Page 156 156 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. and mortar platforms were stink to high-water mark. This brought them in many cases to within 6 or 8 inches of the substratum of soft day. To secure them against settlement the lateral as well as vertical (hmneusions usually adopted for platforms were considerably enlarged. On the 31st day of March Major-General Hunter assumed command of the Department of the South, and BrigadierGeneral Benham, of the Northern District thereof, compri~-ing the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and a part of Florida. During the week which followed these generals visited Tybee Island at separate times, and inspected the siege works and batteries there established. No change or modification of any of the works was suggested by either. Ga the afternoon of April 9 everything was in readiness to open fire. Gemierals Hunter and Benham had arrived the evening before with their respective staffs. The following general orders, regulating the rapidity and direction of the firing and the charges and elevation of the pieces of each battery, were issued. As the instructions then given were, with one or two trifling exceptions, adhered to with remarkable fidelity throughout the action, they are inserted here in full, to save the necessity of further reference to diem: 43ENEEAL HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, ORDERS, Tybee Island, Ga., 4jpril 9, 1862. The batteries established against Fort Pulaski will be manned and ready for service at break of day to-morrow. The signal to begin the action will be one gun from the right mortar of Battery Halleck (2,400 yards from the work), fired nnder the direction of Lieut. Horace Porter, chief of ordnance. Charge of mortar, ii pounds; charge of shell, 11 pounds; elevation, 55 degrees; length of fuse, 24 seconds. This battery (two 13-inch mortars) will continue firing at the rate of fifteen minutes to each mortar alternately, varying the charge of mortars and the length of fuse so that the shells will drop over the arches of the north and northeast faces of the work and explode immedi- ately after striking, and not before. The other batteries will open as follows, viz, Battery Stanton (three 13-inch mortars, 3,400 yards distant) immediately after the signal, at the rate of fifteen minutes for each piece, alternating from the right. Charge of mortars, 14 pounds; charge oC shell, 7 pounds; elevation, 45 degrees; length of fuse, 23 seconds; varying the charge of mortar and length of fuse as may be required. The shells should drop over the arches of the south face of the work and explode immediately after striking, but not before. Battery Grant (three 13-inch mortars, 3,200 yards distant) immediately after the ranges of Battery Stanton have been determined, at the rate of fifteen minutes for each piece, alternating from the right. Charge of shells, 7 pounds; elevation, 43 degrees; charges of mortars and length of fuse to be varied to suit the range, as deter- mined from Battery Stanton. The shells should drop over the south face of the work an(l explode immediately after striking, but not before. Battery Lyon (three 10-inch columbiads, 3,100 yards distant), with a curved fire. immediately after the signal, allowing ten minutes betweeu the discharges for each piece, alternating from the right. Charge of gun, 17 pounds; charge of shell, 3 pounds; elevation, 20 degrees, and length of fuse, 20 seconds; charge and length of fuse to vary as required. The shells should pass over the parapet into the work, taking the gorge and north face in reverse, and exploding at the nioment of striking or immedi- ately after. Battery Lincoln (three 8-inch colunibiads, 3,045 yards distant), with a curved fire, immediately after the signal, allowing six minutes between discharges for each piece, alternating from the right. Charge of gun, 10 pounds; charge of shell, l~ pounds; elevation, 20 degrees, and length of fuse, 20 seconds. Directed the same as Battery Lyon, upon the gorge and north face in reverse, varying the charge and length of fuse accordingly. Battery Burnside (one 13-inch mortar, 2,750 yards distant) firing every ten minutes from the time the range is obtained for Battery Sherman. Charge of shell, 7 pounds; elevation, 45 degrees; charge of mortar and length of fuse varying as required from those obtained for Battery Sherman. The shells should drop on the arches of the north an(I northeast faces, and explode immediately after striking, but not before. Battery Sherman (three 13-inch mortars, 2,650 yards distant) commencing immedi- ately after the ranges for Battery Grant have been determined, and firing at the rate ~f1ifteen minutes lbr each piece, alternating from the right. Charge of shell, 7 pound Page 157 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 157 elevation 45 degrees; charge of mortar and length of fuse to be fixed to suit the range, as determined ~~rom Battery Grant. The shells should drop over the arches of the north and northeast faces. Battery Scott (three 10-inch and one 8-inch columbiads, 1,740 yards distant) firing solid shot, and commencing immediately after the barhette fire of the work has ceased. Charge of 10-inch columbiads, 20 pounds; elevation, 4~ degrees. Charge of 8-inch columbiad, 10 pounds; elevation, 5 degrees. This battery should breach the pan.- coup6 between the south and southeast laces, and the embrasure next to it, in tho southeast face, the elevation to be varied accordingly; the charge to remain the same. Until the elevation is accurately determined each gun should fire once in ten minutes; after that every six or eight minutes. Battery Sigel (five :30-pounder Parrotts and one 48-pounder James, old 24-pounder rifled, 1,670 yards distant) to open with 4k-seconds fuses ou the harbette guns of the fort at the second discharge fro in Battery 8hermau. Charge for 30-pounder, 3~ pounds; charge for 45-pounder, 5 pounds; elevation, 4 degrees for 1)0th calibers. As soon as the barbette fire of the work has been silenced this battery will be directed with per- cussion shells upon the ~valls, to breach the pan-~ oup6 between the south and southeast faces, the elevation to be varied accordingly, the charge to remain the same. Until the elevation is accurately determined each gun should fire once in six or eight min- utes; after that every four or five minutes. Battery McClellan (two 84 and two 64-pounders James, old 42 and 32 pounders rifled, 1,650 yards distant) opens fire immediately after Battery Scott. Chargefor 84-pounder, 8 pounds; charge for 64-pounder, 6 pounds; elevation for 84-pounder, 41 degrees, and for the 64-pounder, 4 degrees. Each piece should fire once every five or six minutes after the elevation has been established. Charge to remain the same. This battery should breach the work in the pan-eoup6 between the south and southeast faces and the embrasure next to it in the southeast face. The steel scraper for the grooves should be used after every fifth or sixth discharge. Battery Totten (four 10-inch siege mortars, 1,650 yards distant) opens fire immedi- ately after Battery Sigel, firing each piece about once in five minutes. Charge of mortar, 31 pounds; charge of shell, 3 pounds; elevation, 45 degrees, and length ot~ fuse, 18-i seconds. The charge of mortar and length of fuse to vary so as to explode the shells over the northeast and southeast faces of the work. If any battery should be unmasked outside the work, Battery Totten will direct its fire upon it, varying the charge and length of fuse accordingly. The fire from each battery will cease at dark, except especial directions be given to the contrary. A signal officer at Battery Scott, to observe the effect of the 13-inch shells, will be in communication with other signal officers stationed near Batteries Stanton~ Grant, and Sherman, in order to determine the range for these batteries in succession. By order of Brig. Gen. Q. A. Giliniore: W. L. M. BURGER, First Lieutenant, Volunteer Engineers, aud Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen. Just after sunrise, on the morning of the 10th, Maj. Gen. David Hun- ter, commanding the department, dispatched Lieut. J. II. Wilson, of the Topographical Engineers, to Fort Pulaski, bearing a flag of trnce and a summons to surrender. To this demand a negative answer was re- turned. The order was given to open fire, commencing with the mortar bat- teries, agreeably to the foregoing instructions. The fist shell was fired at a quarter past 8 oclock a. m. from Battery ilalleck. The other mortar batteries opened one after the other, as rapidly in succession as it was found practicable to determine the ap- proximate ranges by the use of signals. The guns and columbiads soon followed, so that before half past 9 a. m. all the batteries were in opera- tion, it having been deemed expedient not to wait for the barbette fire of the work to be silenced before opening with Breaching Batteries Scott and McClellan. The three 10-inch columbiads iii Battery Scott were dismounted by their own recoil at the first discharge, and one of those in Battery Lyon, from the same cause, at the third discharge. The gun-carriages were the new iron pattern, while the pintles and pintle-crosses belonged to the old wooden carriages, and were unsuitable. They were all, except one in Battery Scott, subsequently remounted and served. As the several batteries along our line, which was 2,550 yards i Page 158 158 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XY. length, opened fire one after another, the enemy followed them np sne- cessively with a vigorous though not at first very accurate fire from his barbette and casemate guns. Subsequent inquiry showed that he knew the exact position of only two of our batteriesSherman and Burnside. These were established just above high-water mark, on low groun(l, void of bushes or undergrowth of any kind. During their constrnction no special attempt at concealment had beca lna(le after once securing good parapet cover l)y night. work. Great surprise and disappointment were expressed by all experienced officers present at the unsatisfactory results obtained with the 13-inch mortars. Although the platforms were excellent an(l remained for all useful purposes intact, au(l although the pieces were served with a fair degree of care and skill, not one-tenth of the shells thrown appeared to fall within the workan estimate that was afterwards found to be rather over than under the correct proportion. Whether this inaccuracy is due to the fact that no cartridge-bags were furnished for the mortars, to inequalities in the strength of the powder, to defects inherent in the piece itself, or to these several causes combined, remains yet to be ascer- tained. It is suggested that the earnest attention of the proper depart- ment be directed to this subject. By 1 oclock in the afternoon (April 10) it became evident that the work would be breached, provided our breaching batteries did not be- come seriously disabled by the enemys fire. By the aid of a powerful telescope it could be observed that the rifled projectiles were doing excel- lent service, that their I)enetration was deep and effective, and that the portion of the wall where the breach had been ordered was becoming rapidly honey-combed. It also became evident before night, on account of the inefficiency of the mortar firing, that upon breaching a.lone ending perhaps in an assault, we must depend for the reduction of the work. In order to increase the security of our advanced batteries a tolerably brisk fire against the barbette gnus of the fort was kept up throughout the day. Probably from 15 to 20 per cent. of the metal thrown from the breaching batteries on the 10th was expended in this way. As evening closed in, rendering objects indistinct, all the pieces ceased firing, with the exception of two 13-inch mortars, one 10-inch mortar, and one 30-pounder Parrott, which were served throughout the night at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes for each piece. The object of this was to prevent repairs of the breach or the filling of the casemates in rear of it with sand bags or other material. JI extract as follows from my ~rehimninary report to Brigadier-General te(l April 1~ 186 Benham da The only plainly perceptible result of this cannonade of ten and a half hours dura- tion (on the 10th), the breachino batteries having been served but nine and a halt hours, was the commencement of a breach in the easterly half of the pan-coupd con- necting the south and southeast faces, and in that portion of the southeast face spanned by the two caseinates adjacent to the pan-coupe. The breach had been ordered in this portion of the scarp so as to take in reverse, through the opening formed, the powder magazine, located in the angle formed by the gorge and the north face. Two of the barbette guns of the fort had been disabled and three casemate guns nilenced. The enemy served both tiers of guns briskly throughout the day, but without injury to the mat6riel or personnel of our batteries. * * * . * * On the morning of the 11th, a little after sunrise, our batteries again opened fire with decided effect, the fort returning a heavy and well- directed fire from its casemates and barbette guns. The breacli wa Page 159 ChAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 159 rapidly enlarged. After the expiration of three hours the entire case- mate next the pan-coup 6 had been opened, and by 12 oclock the one adjacent to it was in a similar condition. Directions were then given to train the gnus upOn the third embra- sure, upon which the breaching batteries were operating with effect, when the fort hoisted the white flag. This occurred at 2 oclock. The formalities of visiting the fort, receiving its surrender, and occu- pying it with our troops, consumed the balance of the afternoon and evening. During the 11th about one4enth of the prqjectiles from the three breaching batteries were directed against the barbette guns of the tort. Eleven of its guns were dismounted unserviceable. , or otherwise rendered temporarily The garrison of the fort was found to consist of 385 men, including a full complement of officers. Several of them were severely, and one fatally, wounded. Our total loss was 1 man killed. None of our pieces were struck. I take pleasure in recording my acknowledgment of the hearty, zeal- ous, and persevering co-operation afforded me by the officers and men under my comman(l, not only during the 10th and 11th, wheu all more or less forgot their fatigue in the excitement and danger of the engage. ment, but throughout the exhausting and unwholesome labors of prep- aration, occupying day and night a period of nearly eight weeks. The entire available strength of the command was on guard or fatigue duty every twenty-four hours. The details for night work were always paraded immediately after sunset, and were usually dismissed from labor between 1 and 2 oclock in the morning, although circumstances frequently required parties to remain out all night. In unloading the ordnance and ordnance stores advantage was always taken of tkvorable tide and weather day and night. There is oiie circumstance connected with this siege which appears to deserve special mention, and that is, that with the exception of a detach- merit of sailors from the frigate Wabash, who served four of the light siege l)ieces in Battery Sigel on the 11th, we had no artillerists of any exl)erience whatever. Four of the batteries were manned by the Third Rhode Island Volunteer Artillery, who were conversant with the manual of the ])ieces, but had never been practiced at firing. All the other pieces were served by infantry troops, who had been on constant fatigue duty, and who received all their instructions in gunnery at such odd times as they could be spared from other duties during the week or ten days preceding the action. Instructions had been given by General Benharn to place a mortar battery on the lower end of Long Island and two 10-inch columbiads on Turtle Island, in order to obtain a reverse tire on the work. These bat- teries were to have been erected and manned by detachments from General Vieles command. One 10-inch siege mortar was therefore placed on Long Island, and was served on the 11th April by a detach- ment commanded- by Major Beard, Forty-eighth New York Volunteers. It was entirely ineffective on account of the distancenearly 1,900 yar(ls. The idea of Turtle Island battery was not carried into effect and no pieces were landed there. Throughout the siege Col. Alfred II. Terry, Seventh Regiment Con- necticut Volunteers, and Lieut. Col. James F. Hall, commanding battal- ion of New York Volunteer Engineers, were conspicuous for the zea Page 160 160 COASTS OF S. C, GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. and perseverance with ~v1iich they discharged the varied duties to which they were assigne(1. Captain Hinekel, with one company of the Forty-sixth Regiment New York Volunteers and a small battery, occupied for eight weeks, with credit to himself and command, an a(lvanced and exposed position on a~ hulk in Lazaretto Creek, cutting oft boat communication in that direc- tion between Fort Pulaski and the interior. Lieut. Horace Porter, of the Ordnance Department, rendered impor- tant and valuable service. Besides discharging most efficiently the special duties of chief of ordnance and artillery, he directed in person the transportation of nearly all the heavy ordnance and instructed the men in its use. He was actively engaged among the batteries during the action. Capt. Charles E. Fuller, assistant quartermaster, served with me four weeks, assuming during that time the entire charge of unloading the ordnance and ordnance stores from the vessels; a duty which he dis- charged with a success worthy of special notice. Lient. Jamcs H. Wilson, Topographical Engineers, joine(l my coin- mand eleven days before the action, and was assigned to duty as in- structor of artillery. He rendered valuable service in that capacity, and also at the breaching batteries on the 10th and 11th. Capt. Louis H. Pelouze, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, and Capt. J. W. Turner, commissary of subsistence, U. S. Army, members of Major-Gen- eral Hunters staff; volunteered for the engagement, and were assigned to the command of batteries, where their knowledge and experience as artillerists proved of great value. On the 11th two pieces of Battery Sigel were served by a detachment from the Eighth Regiment Maine Volunteers, under Captain MeArthur, of that regiment. The men had all served exclusively as infantiy, and received their first artillery drill from Captain Turner and Lieutenant Wilson under a severe fire. They readily adapted themselves to their new duties, and served their guns creditably. Capt. F. E. Graef and Lient. T. B. Brooks, commanding respectively the two companies (D and A) of Volunteer Engineers, were indefatigable in the discharge of their dnties as engineer officers, which required them to be out with the working parties every night. I am under obligations to Commander C. R. P. Rodgers and Lieut. John Irwin, U. S. Navy, for skillfully serving with a detachment of sailors four siege guns in Battery Sigel on the 11th. Lieut. W. L. M. Burger, of the regiment of New York Volunteer En- gineers, served with zeal and efficiency as my adjutant-general during the operations on Tybee Island. Lieut. P. H. ORorke, of the Corps of Engineers, and Adam Badeau, esq., volunteered to serve as my aides on the 10th and 11th, and ren- dered valuable assistance. The services of Sergt. James E. Wilson, of Coin pany A, Corps of Engineers, deserve special mention, and largely contributed towards getting the breaching batteries ready for service. Sergeant Wilson commanded Battery Burnside during the action. To Major-General Hunter and Brigadier-General Benham, command- ing respectively this department and district,J am under obligations for the official courtesy with which they allowed the project for reducing the fort, which was planned and all but executed before they assumed their commands, to be carried out in all its details without change or modification Page 161 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 161 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. The three breaching batteriesSigel, Scott, and McClellanwere established at a mean distance of 1,700 yards from the scarp walls of Fort Pulaski. The circumstance, altogether new in the annals of sieges, that a prac- ticable breach, which compelled the surrender of the work, was made at that distance in a wall 7~ feet thick, standing obliquely to the line of fire and backed by heavy casemate piers and arches, cannot be ignored by a simple reference to the time-honored military maxims that Forts cannot sustain a vigorous land ~ and that All masonry should be covered from land batteries. A comparative glance at the status of military science as regards breaching prior to the invention of rifled cannon will enable us to form a tolerably correct estimate of the importance to be attached to the results developed by this improved arm of the service. A standard militai~ work furnishes the following extract: An exposed wall may be breached with certainty at distances from 500 to 700 yards, even when elevated 100 feet above the breaching battery; and it is believed that in case of extreme necessity it would be justifiable to attempt to batter down an exposed wall from any distance not exceeding 1,000 yards; but then the quantity of artillery must be considerable, and it will require from four to seven days tiring, according to the number of guns in battery and the period of daylight, to render a breach practicable. During the Peninsular war breaching at 500 to 700 yards was of fre- quent occurrence, and at the second siege of Badajos fourteen brass 24- l)ounders breached an exposed castle wall backed by earth alone, and consequently much weaker than a scarp sustained in the rear by heavy piers and arches, in eight hours, at a distance of 800 yards. Experiments of breaching with rifled guns have recently been made. I shall notice two cases: In August, 1860, experiments with Armstrongs rifled guns were made against a condemned martello tower at Easthourne, on the coast of Sus- sex, England. The tower was of brick, fifty-six years old, and designed for one gun, the wall being 7~ feet thick at the level of the ground and 5~ thick at the spring of the vault, which was 19 feet above the ground. It was 31~ feet high, 46 feet exterior diameter at the bottom, and 40 feet at the top. The pieces used against it were: one 40-pounder of 4~-inch caliber, one 82-pounder of 6-inch caliber, and one 7-inch howitzer, throw- ing 100-pound shells. A practicable breach, 24 feet wide, including most of the arch, was made with an expenditure of 10,850 pounds of metal, at a distance of 1,032 yards. The projectiles expended were: 40-pounder gun, 20 sOlid shot, 1 plugged shell, 43 live shells; 82-pounder gun, 19 solid shot, 8 plugged shells, 36 live shells; 7-inch howitzer, 2 plugged shells, 29 live shells. Projectiles that failed to hit the wall are excluded from the above table.* General Sir John Burgoyne, in his report upon these experiments, Says: Trials were subsequently made to breach a similar tower from smooth-bored 68 and 32 pounders at the same range of 1,030 yards, and the result may be deemed altogether a failure, both accuracy of fire and velocity of missiles being quite deficient for such a range. At 500, or perhaps 600, yards the superiority of the rifled ordnance would probably have been very little, if any. Experimental siege operations for the instruction of the Prussian army, comprising the demolition of the defective and obsolete fortifications at * Reference is to table on the map showing position of the batteries, & c., to appear in Atlas. The table shows that 4,079 shell and 914 shot were fired. II R RVOL V Page 162 162 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Juliers, were carried on in the month of September, 1860, especially with refer ence to the effect of rifled breech-loading guns. The following brief summary of the breaching experiments is taken from the report of Lieut. Col. A. Ross, Royal Engineers: Four 12-pounder iron guns and two 12-pounder brass guns, weighing, respeerively~ 2,700 pounds and 1,300 pounds, throwing a conical ball weighing 27 pounds, and fired with a charge of 2.1 pounds, at 800 Prussian paces (640 yards), made a practicable breach 32 feet wide in a brick wall 3 feet thick, with counter-forts 4 feet thick, 4 feet wide, and 16 feet from center to center, the wall being 16 feet high, and built en d& harge, after firing 126 rounds. The first six rounds are omitted from this calculation, as they did not strike the wall, the wall being entirely covered from the guns. No difference was observed between the effects of the brass and the iron guns. The bursting charge of the shells was fourteen-flfteenths of a pound. The penetration was 15 inchOs. Six 6-pounder guns, four of iron and two of cast steel, weighing, respectively, 1,300 and 800 pounds, throwing a conical shell weighing 13 pounds, and firing with a charge of 1.1 pounds, at 50 paces, made a practicable breach 70 feet wide, in precisely the same description of ~vall as that above described, after firing 276 rounds, the battery being situated onthe counterscarp opposite the wall. No difference was observed between the effects of the cast steel and iron guns. The bursting charge of a shell was half a pound. The penetration of the first single shot averaged 18 inches. Four 24-pounder iron guns, weighing between 53 and 54 hundredweight, throwing a shell weighing 57 pounds and firing with a charge of 4 pounds, at a distance of 60 yards made a practicable breach 62 feet wide in a loop-holed brick wall 24 feet high and 6j thick after firing 117 rounds, the wall being seen from the battery. The burst- ing charge of the shell was 2 pounds. The penetration of the two first single shots was 21 and 3 feet. The same guns, after firing 294 rounds with the same charges and at a distance of 96 yards, made a breach 46 feet wide in a brick wall 40 feet high and 12 feet thick at the foot, with a batter of about 4 feet. The wall was 12 feet thick, and built en d6charge, with counter-forts 6 feet wide and 16 feet from center to center, and connected by two rows of arches, one above the other. The penetration of the first single shot was 3 feet and 31 feet. All the above-mentioned gnus were rifled breach-loaders. It is impossible to institute a very close comparison of the relative value of rifled and smooth-bore gnns for breaching purposes from any data which experience has thus far developed. The experiments at iEastbonrne, hereinbefore mentioned, are the only ones ou record where they have been tried side by side to the extent of actual breaching against the same kind of masonry and at the same dis- tance. We have seen how on that occasion the rifles were a complete success, while the smootb-bores were an utter failure. At Fort. Pulaski an excellent opportunity was afforded on the scarp wall near the breach for obtaining the actnal penetration of the several kinds of projectiles. An average of three or more shots for each caliber was taken, giving the following results, which may be relied upon as correct: Table of penetrations in a brick wall, as determined at the siege of Fort Pulaski, Ga., April, 1862. a 0 0 Kind of gun. ~ Kind and weight of projectiles. ~ Cs ;~ a 5 0 ,n Q r~3 0 P~ Yards. 0 Lbs. Ins. Old 42-pounder, rifled - - .. - 1 650 James, 84 lbs., solid 4& 8 26 Old 52-pounder, rifled . 1, 650 James, 64 lbs., solid 4 6 20 Old 24-pounder, rifled 1, 670 James, 48 lbs., solid 4~ 5 19 Parrott rifled gun 1, 670 Parrott, 10 lbs., solid 4~ l~ 18 Columbiad (10-inch), smooth bore..- -- - I 1, 740 Parrott, 128 lbs., solid round 4~ 20 13 Columbiad (8-inch), smooth bore. - - -. . - 1, 740 Parrott, 68 lbs., solid round 5 10 11 The above table indicates very prominently, although it affords no exact means of measuring, the great superiority of rifle over smooth- bore guns for purposes requiring great penetrating power Page 163 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 163 Against brick walls the breaching effect of percussion shell is certainly as great as that of solid shot of the same caliber. They do not penetrate as far by 20 to 25 per cent., but by bursting they make a much broader crater. Such shell would doubtless break against granite walls without inflicting much injury. Sir W. Denn during the ison, from a comparison of the several sieges in Spain Peninsular war, estimated that a practicable breach at 500 yards could be made in a rubble wall backed by earth by an average expenditure of 254,400 pounds of metal fired from smooth-bore 24-pound- ers for every 100 feet in width of breachequal to 2,544 pounds of metal for ever linear foot in width of breach. Before we can draw any comparison, however imperfect, between this estimate and the results obtained at Fort Pulaski, it is necessary to make certain deductions from the amount of metal thrown from the breaching batteries used against that work, as follows: First. For the shots expended upon the barbette guns of the fort in silencing their fire. Second. For 10 per cent. of Parrott projectiles, which upset from some defect which I know from personal observation has been entirelyremoved by the recent improvements of the manufacturer. Third. For nearly 50 per cent. of the 64-pound James shot, due to the fact that one of the two pieces from which they were thrown had by some unaccountable oversight been bored nearly one-fourth of an inch too large in diameter, and gave no good firing whatever. Making these deductions, it results that 110,643 breache pounds Qf metal were fired at the The teally practicable~ portion o1~ the breach was of coarse only the t~o casemates that were fully opened, say 30 feet in aggregate width; but the scarp wall was battered down in front of three casemate piers besides, and had these piers not been there, or had the scarp been backed by earth alone, as was generally the case in Spain, the practicable portion of the opening would have been from 45 to 50 feet wide. Call- ing it 45 feet,the weight of metal thrown per linear foot of breach was 2,458 pounds, against 2,544 per linear foot in the Peninsular sieges. Had the fort held out a few hours longer this difference would have been much greater, for the wall was so badly shattered to the distance of 25 or 30 feet each side of the breach that the opening could have been extended either way with a comparatively trifling expenditure of metal. On re- pairing the work 100 linear feet of the scarp wall had to be rebuilt. It must be borne in mind that at Fort Pulaski only 58 per cent. of the breaching metal was fired from rifled guns, the balance being from smooth-bored 8-inch and 10-inch columbiads (68 and 128 pounders) of -Battery Scott. It may therefore be briefly and safely announced that the breaching nf Fort Pulaski at 1,700 yards did not require as great an expenditure of metal, although but 58 per cent of it was thrown from rifled guns, as the breaches made in Spain with smooth-bores exclusively at 500 yards. In the former case the wall was good brick masonry, laid in lime mortar, and backed hy heavy piers and arches; in the latter, rubble masonry, backed by earth. A knowledge of tli~ relative value of heav.y round shot. 10-inch for example, and elongated percussiou shells from lighter guns, say James 64-pounders (old 32-pounders), in bringing down the masses of brick masonry cracked and loosened by the elongated solid shot, is a matter of some importance, considering the vast difference in the amount of labor required to transport and handle the two kinds of ordnance. Th Page 164 164 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. penetration of the percussion shell would exceed, and its local effect would at least equal, that of the solid round shot. The general effect of the latter, within certain ranges, is a matter for consideration. My own opinion, based principally upon personal observation, corrob- orated l)y the reports of experiments made in Europe, may be stated in the following terms: First. Within 700 yards heavy smooth bores may be advantageously used for breaching, either alone or in combination with rifles. Second. Within the same distance light smooth bores will breach with certainty, but rifles of the same weight are mnch better. Third. Beyond 700 yards rifled guns exclusively are much superior for breaching purposes to any combination of rifles and heavy or light smooth bores. Fourth. Beyond 1;000 yards a due regard to economy in the expend- iture of manual labor and ammunition requires that siuooth bores, no matter how heavy they may be, should be scrupulously excluded from breaching batteries. Fifth- In all cases when rifled guns are used exclusively against brick walls at least one-half of them should fire percussion shells. Against stone walls shell would be ineffective. For breaching at long distances the James and Parrott projectiles seem to be all that can be desired. The grooves of the James gun must be kept clean at the seat of the shot. This is not onjy indispensably nec- essary, but of easy and ready attainment, by using the very simple and effective scraper devised on the principle of the searcher for the pieces we em~)loyed against Pulaski. This scraper consists of a number of steel springs or prongs, one for each groove, firmly attached by screws to the cylindrical part of a rammer-head, and flaring like a broom, so as to fit closely into the grooves. About half an inch of the lower end of each prong is bent out at right angles. The prongs being compressed by a ring, to which a lanyar(1 is attached, when entering the bore spring out firmly into the grooves when the ring ~s removed, and clean them thoroughly as the scraper is drawn out. The failure of the James shot, as reported on two or three occasions by apparently good authority, is probably due to neglect in this partic- ular. There were no failures in our firing, except as before mentioned, with the 32-pounders (carrying a 64-pound shot.), that had been bored too large. Although the James projectiles are surrounded when first made by greased canvas, there is believed to be an advantage in greasing them ~igain at the moment of loading. This was done in our batteries against Fort Pulaski. As the Parrott projectiles receive their rotary motion from a i-in g of wrought-iron or brass which surrounds the lower portion of the cyliuder, and which does not foul the grooves while engaging them, no special precaution to prevent fouling need be taken with the Parrott guns. With heavy James or Parrott guns the practicability of breaching the best-constructed bi-ick scarp at 2,300 to 2,500 yards with s~tisfactory rapidity admits of very little doubt. Had we possessed our present knowledge of their power previous to the bombardment of Fort Pulaski, the eight weeks of laborious preparation for its reduction could have been curtailed to one week, as heavy mortars and columbiads would have been omitted from the armament of the batteries as unsuitable for breaching at long ranges. lt is also true beyond question that the minimum distance, say from 900 to I ,OtWi yards, at wTllich land batteries have heretofore been con Page 165 CHAP XV.] FORT PULASKI. 165 sidered practically harmless against exposed masonry, must be at least trebled, now the rifled guns have to be provided against. The inaccuracy of the fire of the 13-inch mortars has already been adverted to. Not one-tenth of the shells dropped inside of the fort. A few struck the terre-plein over the casemate arches, but, so far as could be observed by subsequent inspection from below, without producing any effect upon the masonry. Whether they penetrated the earth work to the roofing of the arches was not ascertained. Two or three striking in rapid succession into the same spot over an arch might be expected to injure it seriously, if not fatally. Such an occurrence would, however, be rare indeed. Against all, except very extraordinary casualties, it would be easy for a garrison to provide as they occurred, by repairing with san(1 bags or loose earth the holes formed in the terre-plein by shells. We may therefore assume that mortars are unreliable for the reduc- tion of a good casemated work of small area, like most of our sea-coast fortifications. As auxiliary in silencing a barbette fire, or in the reduction of a work containing wooden buildings and other exposed combustible material, mortars ma.y undoubtedly be made to play an important part. For the reduction of fortified towns or cities, or extensive fortresses containing large garrisons, there is perhaps no better arm than the mortar, unless it be the rifled gun, firing at high elevations. To the splinter-proof shelters constructed for the seven advanced batteries I attribute our almost entire exemption from loss of life. We had 1 man killed by a shell from one of the mortar batteries outside the fort, which was the only casualty. The demoralizing effect of constant and laborious fatigue duty upon the health and discipline of troops, particularly upon such as are unused to the privations of war, like our volunteers, who can but slowly adapt themselves to the stinted comforts of a campaign, is a subject which demands the earnest attention of commanding officers in the field. Upon regular troops, to whom the (irill in their special arm has to a certain extent become a second nature, who are accustomed to the vicis- situdes of the field and familiar with expedients and make-shifts to secure comfort, the bad effects of excessive labor and constant interrup- tion of drill are of course less apparent. With the average of our volunteer regiments every alternate day should be devoted to drill, in order to keep them up to a fair standard of efficiency. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GJLLMORE, Major- General Volunteers. To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C. No. 6. Report of Surg. George B. Cooper, U. S. Army. MEDICAL DIRECTORS OFFICE, DEPT OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Head, S. C., April 14, 1862. SIR: Herewith inclosed I transmit the list of casualties which oc- curred among the United States forces during the attack on Fort Pulaski, Ga Page 166 166 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Though the professional services of the surgeons were fortunately but little needed, I cannot but state that great credit is due to Dr. Francis Bacon, surgeon of the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, for his volun- tary presence in the batteries nearest to the work being assailed from the opening of the fire until the surrender of the fort, as well as to Bri- gade Surgeon Craven for the energy shown by him in the performance of the duties belonging to his position during the action. Respectfully, your most obedient servant, GEG. E. COOPER, Surgeon, U. S. Army, Medical Director Dept. of the South. Maj. CHARLES G-. HALPINE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Department of the South. [Inclosure.] List of casualties occurring among the United States forces during the siege of Fort Pulaski, Ga., on April 10 and 11: rkilled] Thomas Campbell, private, Company II, Third Rhode Island Artillery. There were a few slight injuries received by the cannoneers during the action, but none were reported as unfitting the men for the performance of their duties. GEG. E. COOPER, Surgeon, U. S. Army, Medical Director Dept. of the South. No. 7. Report of .lIaj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, C. S. Army. IIDQRS. DEPT OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, Pocotaligo, S. C., April 11, 186211.40 p. m. General LEE, Richmond, Va.: I have just received the following telegraph from General Lawton: General J. C. PEMBERTON: A messenger from Pulaski reports that the fort surrendered at 2 oclock to day~ seven breaches in the wall; all barbette guns dismounted, and three shots had entered the magazine. I left Savannah at 5.30 p. m. At that time all was believed to be right. Four regiments have been ordered t& Tennessee. I should have them replaced. Martial law should be proclaimed from Savannah to Augusta, inclusive. J. C. PEMBERTON. No. S. Report of Brig.Gen. Alexander R. Lawton, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT [DIST.] GEORGIA, Savannah, Ga., April 14, 1862. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that the enemy opened fire on Fort Pulaski early on the morning of the 10th instant, as was evident from the rapid and continuous firing and bursting of shells, which could be seen from the city of Savannah and other accessible points of obse Page 167 CHAP. XV.] FORT PULASKI. 167 vation. As communication with the fort was cut off, my knowledge of what occurred during the first days bombardment was derived exclu- sively from distant views and the sound of the guns. The firing con- tinued during the entire day and at intervals during the night. On the night of the 10th I attempted to communicate with the fort by a small boat, for the purpose of conveying to it a man detailed on signal service, who had recently arrived, under orders, from Richmond. He was carried there by Corporal Law, of the Phomix Riflemen, sta- tioned at Thunderbolt, who had successfully communicated with the fort more than once before since the steamers had been cut off. It was observed that the fire on both sides ceased about 2 p. m. on the 11th, and these two men returned to the battery at Thunderbolt about 8 oclock that evening. The only detailed information I have is derived from the verbal statement of these two men. They represent that they reached the fort about 6 oclock on the morning of the 11th, in the midst of a heavy fire both from the fort and the enemy; that soon after their arrival a breach was made in the wall at the southeast angle, nearest the Tybee Island, and that before the fort surrendered this breach was wide enough to drive a four-horse team through; that the wall, which embraced seven casemates in succession, was nearly all knocked down, and that all the barbette guns which could play on their batteries at Tybee [Island] had been disabled; that several shots had been fired into the magazine. They further represent that 4 men had their arms or legs broken; none others seriously wounded, and none dead at the time they left. They further state that the ships were not engaged at all, but that all the firing was from batteries on Tybee [Island], chiefly from a battery of Parrott guns at Kings Land- in g, the nearest point of Tybee [Island] to the fort. As these men constituted no part of the garrison, they were advised by Colonel Olin- stead to make their escape, if possible. In reporting the statements of these two men I must express my belief that they gave an exaggerated account of the injury done to the fort, owing, perhaps, to the very exciting circumstances under which they must have entered and left it. It is truly painful to be left with- out any more definite or reliable details, but it is quite certain that Pulaski has fallen, as the enemys flag has been distinctly seen flying above the ramparts, and I consider it my duty to give you these state- ments as they were made to me. As there have been no returns received from Fort Pulaski for some time, I cannot give you the precise strength of the garrison. It consisted, however, of five companies, numbering a little over 400 men, and commanded by Col. C. H. Olmstead. The armament consisted of five 10-inch columbiads, nine 8-inch columbiads, three 42-pounders, three 10-inch mortars, one 12-inch mortar, one 24- pounder howitzer, two 12-pounder howitzers, twenty 32-pounders, and two 4k-inch (Blakely) rifled guns, with 130 rounds of ammunition per gun. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. R. LAWTOK, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Capt. J. R. WADDY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Pocotaligo, ~. C Page 168 168 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING TO OPERATIONS ON THE COASTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, KND MIDDLE AND EAST FLORIDA FROM AUGUST 21, 1861, TO APRIL 11, 1862. UN ION CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. WAR DEPARTMENT, August 2, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN: GENERAL: You will proceed to New York immediately and organize, in connection with Captain DuPont, of the Navy, an expedition of 12,000 men. Its destination you and the naval commander will deter- mine after you have sailed. ton should sail at the earliest possible moment. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War. AUGUST 2, 1861. Approved: A. LINCOLN. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, August 11, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN: SIR: You will proceed to the capitals of the States of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine, and confer with the governors of those States on the subject which I have verbally communicated to you, and which is conveyed to the governors also iu the letters herewith placed in your hands, and which you are requested to deliver. You will then proceed to New York City, as heretofoie instructed. Very respectfally, THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War. (Inc]o8ure.] WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, August 10, 1861. General T. W. Sherman, having been charged with the preparation of an expedition to rendezvous on Long Island Sound, will, on the part of this Department, consult with you as to the troops which can be earliest made available for this service. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War. Their excellencies the governors of Maine, New Hampshire, Massa. cliusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. NEW YoRK, August 20, 1861. Col. E. D. TOWNSEND, A. A. G., U. S. A., Hdq~s. Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: In conformity to verbal instructions of the 10th instant I have delivered in person the letters placed in my hands by the honorabl Page 169 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 169 Secretary of War to the governors of Maine, New Hampshire, Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and conferred with each of them on the subject of my mission. Their excellencies were animated with a very commendable interest in the success of rendezvousing the force on Long Island, and feel a deep solicitude that the Government should extend its efforts even in different directions from those already commenced. I have ascertained that the probable number of men that can be con- centrated on Long Island by September 5 from the above States, with a little increase of energy, is: Maine, three regiments; New Hampshire, two regiments; Massachusetts, five regiments; Rhode Island, one regi- ment; Connecticut, two regiments; or about 13,000 men. Some of these regiments will contain men peculiarly well adapted to the nature of the service required, but unless some means outside of the camp on Long Island be taken to make heavy artillerists, this force will be entirely deficient in that element, which the nature of our opera- tions will render of the first importance. Any deficiency, therefore, of regular artillerists should be made up of meu from these regiments sent to some of our forts for instruction in that particular arm. But, in consequence of recent orders from the War Department to the governors, the force above, considered available for the expedition, is to be diverted to Washington City, and it now, therefore, remains for the Department to decide from whence and when this expedition is to be organized. The time set by the Cabinet for the expedition to leave is rapidly approaching, and, even with the greatest dispatch, it will already be impracticable to prepare it within that time. The rumored threats of the enemy on the Potomac but only necessitate the greater dispatch of this expedition. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY Washington, D. C., August 27, 1861. [General THOMAS W. SHERMAN:] SIR: Your letter of the 20th instant having been submitted to the Secretary of War, I now inclose herewith letters to be delivered or for- warded by you to the several governors to whom they are addressed. You will observe the former quota from Massachusetts is reduced from five to three regiments, and three regiments are now called for from New York, in the hope of thus hastening the organization of the force to be under your command. Very respectfully, & c., E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inelosures.] WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, August 27, 1861. SIR: This will be sent you by Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. A., who has heretofore communicated with you on the project of con- centrating in a camp of instruction a number of regiments of Unite Page 170 170 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. States volunteers. As late emergencies may have sumewbat inter- fered with this object, I have now to renew the request that you will put regiments, as soon as they can be prepared for service, under the orders of General Sherman,who will indicate the place of rendezvous. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. (Copy sent to the governor of Maine, three regiments; governor of New Hampshire, two regiments; governor of Massachusetts, three regiments; governor of Rhode Island, one regiment; governor of Con- necticut, two regiments; governor of New York, three regiments.) WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, August 27, 1861. His Excellency E. D. MORGAN, Governor of New York: SIR: This will be handed you by Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, who will explain to your excellency the purpose of the Department in requesting that three of the New York regiments first prepared for serv- ice may be put under the orders of General Sherman as soon as they can be made ready. I will also request your excellency to send the next three New York regiments which may be ready, after those above indi- cated, to Fort Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Va., and the Department will take it as a favor if you will inform it of your action in these matters. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, No. 1. New York, September 9, 1861. L The following-named officers are announced upon the staff of the commanding officer: Maj. H. G. Wright, U. S Engineers, chief engineer. Capt. John McNutt, U S. Ordnance, chief ordnance officer. Capt. Rufus Saxton, Quartermasters Department, U. S. Army, chief quartermaster. Capt. Michael R. Morgan, Commissary ot Subsistence, U. S. Army, chief commissary. Lieut. Silas Crispin, U. S. Ordnance. Assistant Surgeon Chas. A. McCall, Medical Department, U. S. Army. Lient. George Merrill, volunteer aide. Lieut. James Magner, volunteer aide. II. The camp at llempstead Plains will be designated and known as Camp Winfi~eld Scott. * * * * * * * IV. Brigadier-General Viele, having been assigned to duty with this command, will take post at Camp Winfield Scott. * * * * * * * T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 171 CHAT-. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 171 HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, New York, A~eptember 13, 1861. Capt. RUFUS SAXTON, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army: SIR: You will provide transportation in good, sound, and safe steam- ers for fourteen regiments of infantry from this place to localities not to be designated in the contract; said transportation to be read~T to leave on the 5th of October. Besides the troops above mentioned, but in con- nection therewith, are to be transported some 1,400 tons of ordnance and ordnance stores, and the commissary and quartermasters stores, horses, & c., that will be hereafter turned over to you for that purpose. Sufficieut water must be provided for the men and horses for at least fifteen days, and proper and ample arrangements for cooking, & c, for the whole force. As it is very uncertain when the steamers can be dis- charged, and as some of them may be required for some time after reach- ing their destination, without any facilities or means of recoaling, the largest amount of coal must be taken, without prejudice to the stipulated cargo. No stipulation, however, should be made to keep the transports over fifteen days, and indeed this clause had better be left out altogether if practicable. Should it prove advantageous to the public interest to have a couple of these vessels in readiness by the 1st of October, in consid- eration of the immensity of your material and the difficulty of depositing it, you are authorized to do so, but the public economy must be consulted and adhered to in every contract. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, September 14, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, U. S. A.. New York City, N. Y.: General Scott says: Come here with all your commaild without delay, leaving the smallest guard necessary to protect your camp. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General. EXECUTIVE MANSION September 18, 1861. Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR: MY DEAR SIR: To guard against misunderstanding I think fit to say that the joint expedition of the Army and Navy, agreed upon some time since, and in which General T. W. Sherman was and is to bear a con- spicuous part, is in nowise to be abandoned, but must be ready to move by the 1st of or very early in October. Let all preparations go forward accordingly. Yours, truly, A. LINCOLN. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 5. Washin~jton, D. C., September 19, 1861. The command will for the present be divided into three brigades, to be composed and commanded as follows: First Brigade, Brigadier-General Yiele.The Forty-sixth, Forty-se Page 172 172 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. enth, and Forty-eighth New York, the Eighth Maine, and the Third New Hampshire Regiments. Second Brigade, Brigadier-General .The two remaining Maine regiments, the remaining New Hampshire, and one of the Massachnsetts regiments. Third Brigade, Brigadier-General ~Yright.The two Connecticut regiments and the first two Massachusetts regiments that arrive. The Rhode Island regiment is reserved for special service and will be disposed of hereafter. T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. EXECUTIVE DEPART~MENT, Hartford, Conn., September 20, 1861. Hon. SIMoN CAMERON, Secretary of War, Washington: SIR:1 telegraphed yon on the 17th and 18th instant, and would now repeat the dispatch, by saying that the Sixth Regiment Connecticnt Volunteers left New Haven for Washington on the 17th instant with 974 men, rank and file, and the Seventh Regiment left on the 18th instant with about 1,000 men. Under the direction of General Sher- man I fitted the regiments with only five wagons and two ambulances and a corresponding tiumber of horses to each. I am, dear sir, yours, with high regard, WM. A. BUCKINGHAM. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Albany, N. Y., September 21, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War: SIR: 1 have the honor to inform you that, in accordance with yonr telegraphic message of the 14th instant, received on the evening of that day, in the words following WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, September 14, 1861. Governor MORGAN, Astor House: Secure transportation to-day, and forward immediately to Washington the three regiments intended for Sherman and all others that you can possibly send. Give them arms and start them. Sherman has been ordered here with all his force. Let me know immediately what you can do. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War I have dispatched six infantry regiments to Washington, commanded and of the strength, respectively, as near as can be ascertained at this moment: Forty-seventh New York, Colonel Moore, 662 Forty-eighth New - York, Colonel Perry, 950; Forty-sixth New York, Colonel Rosa, 675; Forty-third New York, Colonel Vinton, 750; Forty-ninth New York, Colonel Bidwell, 800; Fiftieth New York, Colonel Stuart, 864. The first three were being organized for Brigadier-General Sherman, to be sent to his camp at Hempstead. The remaining three regiments would have been sent to GeneraV Wool at Fortress Monroe, agreeably to orders of 27th August, but for the above dispatch. I also forwarde Page 173 CHAP. XY.1 CORR~ESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 173 on Sunday last ten rifled cannon, with carriages, caissons, harness, and shot, taking Major Hagners receipt therefor, to be replaced. I have not yet heard of the safe arrival of this battery. The regiments forwarded are not all of the requisite strength, nor was it possible to send them in proper condition and comply with your telegraphic dispatch herein copied. I propose to retain recruiting the forces now in the State until near or quite full regimental organizations can 1)e made therefrom and proper equipment can be provided, as the apprehended danger of an attack (loes not now, I believe, exist at Washington. It would be well for the General Government to direct the several departments of United States officers on dnty in this State to fill l)roIIiptly my requisitions, obey all orders, and to afford every facility in their power in aid of my efforts in supplying the General Government with troops; also to give me authority to continue the raising of regiments or batteries without limit until revoked, or,if in yonr judgment you deem it necessary and proper to fix a limit, let it be for twenty infantry regiments, additional to those called for, and the proper prol)ortion additional of artillery and cavalry. I do not propose that this call should be public. I am sure it should not be, yet I need the power, as all l)resent requirements, judging from present appear- ances, are quite sure to be filled. I also desire that, disregarding specifications and forms, the Government should send without delay a competent person to purchase horses in this State, Vermont, or else. where near by, for all the purposes required, whether for artillery, cavalry, or ambulance service. Horse equipments, sabers, and bugles are imeeded immediately. The inspection of horses should be here, and the delivery of them here. Inspection at Washington will greatly embarrass matters. They will be wanted for drilling purposes sooner than they can be purchased and delivered. Colonel Baileys regiment at Ehuira will consist of ten batteries; the guns, carriages, caissons, shot, harness, and uniforms for the men will be ready, and there will be no finer regiment in the service. He is almost discouraged, as- he does not get detached from the United States service, and horses, horse equipments, sabers, and bugles are indispensable, and no ability to procure the former under the restric- tions in the horse specifications, and the latter I have been informed would be provided by the Government. At this moment there is less difficulty in getting soldiers than arms. May I ask your immediate attention to the several subjects to which this communication relates ~ Faithfully and truly, yours, E. D. MORGAN. [Indorsement.] The within letter of Governor Morgan is referred to the Quarter- master-General, with the request that he will reply to that portion which refers to purchasing horses. By order: J. LESLEY, JR. COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXEC. DEPT., Boston, Mass., AS~eptember 23, 1861. Brigadier-General SHERMAN, U. S. A.: GENERAL: His excellency Governor Andrew directs me to write you that he expects you to exert all the personal effort within your power to secure to your command the contingent which you expect from Mas- sachusetts, and prevent it from being diverted to General Butler or an Page 174 174 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. other officer. His excellency pledged to you his own personal efforts to secure to you the first regiments whose organization should be com- pleted in the State after the dispatch to Washington of the five regi- ments which were forming when you first visited Boston. Those five regiments are all now in the field in active service, and the three which he conceives rightfully to belong to your command (being the three which will next be completed) are General Wilsons two regiments, now encamped at Springfield, i. e., the Twenty-second and Twenty-third, and the Twenty-fifth Regiment, now encamped at Worcester. Other regi- ments can be furnished General Butler in proper time, and neither he nor any other commander ought to be allowed to divert from you these three regiments, which are yours almost by right. His excellency, so far as he can influence the matter, proposes to assign to General Butler the regiment being raised by Colonel Jones (the Twenty-sixth), who is a townsman and a personal and political friend of General Butler, and also an Irish regiment, whose organization is in progress. There can be no just pretense on which your claim to the Twenty-second, Twenty- third, and Twenty-fifth can be disputed; but as it is probable that it may, nevertheless, be drawn into question, his excellency relies upon you, for your own sake, to assist him to maintain it. The Twenty-second is already full, and it will be ready to move at the beginning of next weekcertainly by October 1. The Twenty-third and Twenty-fifth are~ also in an advanced state of progress. I have the honor to be, very truly, your obedient servant, A. G. BROWNE, JR., Captain and Military, Secretary. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT; Boston, Mass., September 23, 1861. Brig. 0-en. THOMAS W. SHERMAN: GENERAL: Since the accompanying letter was written his excellency Governor Andrew has received a telegram from the office of the Secre.~ tary of War as follows: Select the regiments yourself for Sherman, and supply him first. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Acting Secretary of War. I have the honor to remain, yours, very truly, THOS. DREW, Assistant Military Secretary. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, New York, September 27, 1861.. Capt. RUFUS SAXTON, Assistant Quartermaster: SIR: The vessels chartered to transport the fourteen regiments are to~ form two divisions, to move and act together or separately, as the cir- cumstances may require. Division No. 1 is to accommodate 8,000 men, the ordnance and ord- nance stores, provisions, and material for a certain locality, the amount of which will be furnished you by the chief ordnance officer and com- missary Page 175 CH~. XV.I COl~RESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 175 Division No. 2 is to accommodate, say, 5,000 men, with the ordnance and ordnance stores, provisions, and material for another locality, the amount of which will also be furnished you by the same officers. The light guns and their carriages complete, with their ammunition, are to be so placed on the transports that; they can be got off at a moments notice for immediate action. The regimental commissaries will have snffi~ cient supplies furnished them for the voyage, so that the bulk of the supplies will remain intact during the voyage. The surf-boats are to be so secured that they can be launched with safety at a moments notice. A transport must be fitted up mainly for the purpose of transporting the horses, and the greatest security afforded them by proper stalls and slings. A sufficient quantity of disinfectants must be taken along to iusure health on board each vessel. The shipping of so large a quantity of supplies and the necessary dis- tribution of it among so many vessels will demand a great deal of care and system to prevent misplacement and delay in getting at the proper stores wanted at the period of landing, as well as to prevent losses and you are authorized to employ all the assistance necessary to effect these important ends. The most of the staff officers of the command being necessarily employed with their brigades in Washington City, it will require the utmost exertion and management on your part to get this expedition fitted out within the time designated, and you are authorized to call on Colonel Tompkins for any assistance he can render, and if that is insufficient, to employ responsible agents to assist you in the work. Very respectfully, T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. WAR DEPARTMENT, Maj. Gen. JOHN E. WOOL, Washington, October 5, 1861. Commanding Fort ilfonroe: Please select 1,000 active men from the lot of fugitive contrabands now on hand at Fort Monroe, and prepare them to accompany General Shermans expedition to the Southern coast. Have them ready to em- bark by the 15th of October. General Sherman will provide transporta~ tion. I have the honor to be, very truly, yours, THOMAS A. SCOTT, Acting Secretary of War. SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CoRPS, No. 10. Washington, D. C., October 5, 1861. I. Surg. George E. Cooper, Medical Department, U.S. Army, is hereby announced as medical director to this command. II. Brigadier-General Vieles brigade will continue its movement to Annapolis, as before directed. III. Brig. Gen. H. G. Wright will move his brigade to Annapolis ~t the earliest possible moment. The Ninth Maine and the Fourth New Hampshire Regiments are assigned to this Third Brigade and wiLl move with it, taking the place of the two Massachusetts regiments not arrived. General Wright will apply to the headquarters of the Army of th Page 176 176 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Potomac for the necessary transportation of baggage, property, and supplies. IV. The Second :Brigade of this division will be composed of the Massa- chusetts regiment daily expected in New York, the Eighth Michigan, the Fiftieth Pennsylvania and the Roundhead Pennsylvania Regiments. The Massachusetts regiment will embark at New York, and the three remaining regiments now in Washington will march as soon as practi- cable to Annapolis, nnder their brigade commander. In the event of no brigade commander being assigned to this brigade before that time, it will march on Wednesday morning, 9th instant, under the command of its senior colonel. The headquarters of the Army of the Potomac will be applied to for transportation of baggage, property, and supplies. V. Hamiltons light battery of artillery will march at once to Annapolis and report to the commanding officer of the expedition. -VI. All the above-mentioned troops will be in position, with all brigade and staff officers at their posts, on Thursday, the 10th instant, in readi- ness for embarkation. Vii. The position at Annapolis will be taken up with fifteen days supply of subsistence and forage. VIII. The movements above directed will be conducted by the brigade commanders, who will arrange their own transportation, and, to avoid interference, Brigadier-General Wrights brigade will leave not later than Tuesday morning, 8th instant, and the Independent brigade posi- tively on Wednesday morning. IX. The embarkation will be made in accordance with orders hereafter published. X. Brigade commanders will enforce a strict compliance with the regulation for allowance of personal baggage. By command of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: JUSTUS STEINBERGER, Assistant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, October 14, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expedition to the Southern Coast: SIR: In conducting military operations within States declared by the proclamation of the President to be in a state of insurrection you will govern yourself, so far as persons held to service under the laws of such States are concerned, by the principles of the letters addressed by me to Major-General Butler on the 30th of May and the 8th of August, copies of which are herewith furnished to you.* Special directions adapted to special circumstances cannot be given. Much must be referred to your own discretion as commanding general of the expedition. You will, however, in general avail yourself of the services of any persons, whether fugitives from labor or not, who may offer them to the National Govern- ment. You will employ such persons in such services as they may be fitted foreither as ordinary employ6s, or, if special circumstances seem to require it, in any other capacity, with such organization (in squads, companies, or otherwise) as you may deem most beneficial to the service; this, however, not being a general arming of them for military service. You will assure all loyal masters that Congress will provide just com- pensation to them for the loss of the services of the persons so employed. See under these dates in Vol. I, Series III, pp. 282,402 Page 177 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 177 It is believed that the course thus indicated will best secure the sub- stantial rights of loyal masters and the proper benefits to the United States of the services of all disposed to support the Government, while it will avoid all interference with the social systems or local institutions of every State, beyond that which insurrection makes unavoidable and which a restoration of peaceful relations to the Union under the Consti- tution will immediately remove. Respectfully, THOMAS A. SCOTT, Acting Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Brig. Gen. THOMAS ~. SHERMAN, Washington, October 14, 1801. U. S. Volunteers: Sin: You have been selected to command the land portion of a joint expedition with a naval squadron, and selected on account of its impor- tance. A short letter of general instructions you have already received from the War Department, and are fully impressed with the principal objects of the expedition. Wishing to leave you a wide margin of dis. cretion, I have but little to add, and that little relates to the principles which govern co-operation in joint expeditions. No land officer can be subjected in strictness to the orders of any sea officer until placed on ship to serve as a marine, and no sea officer under the orders of a land officer unless placed in some fortification to assist in its defense or before it to assist in its capture. But land troops embarked in vessels of war for transportation merely will be considered, in respect to naval com- manders, as passengers, subject, of course, to the internal regulations of the vessel. Cordiality and deference on the part of our land forces towards those of our Navy in the service in question need scarcely to be urged. Hearty reciprocity cannot fail to be the result. To this end free and frequent conferences between the joint commanders are recommended. Accordingly the President, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, requires and expects the most effective and cordial co-operation between the commanders of the expedition, their officers and men, and will hold all,in proportion to rank, to a strict and severe responsibility for any failure to preserve harmony and to secure all the objects of the joint expedition. You will take care to maintain strict order and discipline among your troops, not to neglect opportunities of making the prescribed returns to the Adjutant-General, and to report to him every incident of impor- tance that may occur to your command. I am, with great respect, WINFIELD SCOTT. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 11. f Annapolis, dud., October 14, 1801. The following-named officers are announced upon the staff of the gen- eral commanding: Capt. Louis H. Pelouze, Fifteenth Infantry, acting assistant adjutant- general. First Lieut. George Merrill, U. S. volunteers, aide-de-canip. Capt. Rufus Saxton, assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, chief quar- termaster. 12 R RYOL V Page 178 178 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Capt. Michael H. Morgan, commissary subsistence, U. S. Army, chief commissary. Capt. Quincy A. Gilimore, U. S. Engineers, chief engineer. Capt. John McNutt, Ordnance Department, chief of ordnance. Surg. George E. (looper, Medical Department, U. S. Army, medical director. By order of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Captain, Fiftt~enth Infantry, Act. Aset. Adjt. General. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 13. Annapolis, Md., October 15, 1861. The following instructions are promulgated for the information and gui(lance of the troops composing this command: I. The troops will embark on the transports, which will be specially assigned to brigades and regiments. The senior officer on board each transport will assign each company, when embarked, its position, and see that each man has been assigned a l)lace or bunk, which assignment will remain permanent while on board. II. The arms, accouterments, and knapsack of each man will be dis- posed of with a view to convenience and security, and the ammunition, in cartridge- boxes, will be so placed as to be entirely secure from fire. III. Every precaution will be taken against fire. Smoking between decks or in the cabins will be prohibited. No lights will be permitted between decks, except such ship-lanterns as may be directed to be sus- pended in secure positions. IV. As transports on sea voyages can carry but a limited supply of water, every precaution will be taken to prevent waste or its unneces- sary use. The dajly allowance per man, including that required for cooking purposes, will be limited to one gallon, and the allowance for each horse to three gallons. This quantity may be reduced by the senior officer on each transport, if deemed necessary. V. A sufficient guard will be monuted daily, with side-arms, and so posted as will best l)revent fire and any improper use of water. VI. No arm will be loaded on board of transports without proper or- ders. Both arms and ammunition will be kept in a serviceable condi- tion, andat all times in readiness for use at a moments notice. Reserve ammunition will be deposited in a safe position, the master of the trans- port to be consulted as to its location. VII. The master of each transport will be requested by the senior offi- cer on board to provide wind-sails sufficient to keep the men below decks comfortable at all times. VIII. Much attention will be paid to the cooking. Such arrangements will be made with the masters of transports as will insure a regular sup- ply of meals to all. The caboose will be kept free of all persons not sent to it on duty. Fancy cookingsuch, for instance, as frying meats and dough in fatis prohibited. Soups, boiled meats, and hard bread com- pose the true and healthy diet of the soldier on transports at sea. IX. The Quartermasters Department will supply the proper disinfect- ing agents to secure the comfort and health of the command. By order of Gen. T.. W. Sherman: L. II. PELOUZE, Gaptain, Fifteenth Infantry, Act. Asst. Adjt. General Page 179 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 179 WASHINGTON, October 17, 1861. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Annapolis: If General McClellan should consent to spare the New York Seventy- ninth Regiment to join your expedition with General Stevens, do you want them, and have you transportation for them ~? Answer immedi- ately. THOMAS A. SCOTT. Hon. THOMAS A. SCOTT, ANNAPOLIS, October 17, 1861. Assistant Secretary of War: Have received your dispatch. I want the Highianders (Seventy-ninth), and I transportatioii. Send them on immediately. T. W. SHERMAN. WAR DEPARTMENT, October 17, 1861. General MCCLELLAN: If Generals Stevens and Sherman want the New York Seventy-ninth to go with expedition, can you spare them without serious loss or incon- venience ~ Please answer. THOMAS A. SCOTT. CAMP GRIFFIN, October 17, 1861. Hon. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War: I gave General Sherman all the regiments he asked for. At least two of those originally intended for him, and promised to me, have been diverted from me. The artillery promised me to replace Hamiltons battery have not been given to me. I will not consent to one other man being detached from this army for that expedition. I need far more than I now have to save this country, and cannot spare any disciplined regi- ment. Instead of diminishing this army, true policy would dictate itg immediate increase to a large extent. It is the task of the Army of the Potomac to decide the question at issue. No outside expedition can effect the result. I hope that I will not again be asked to detach anybody. GEO. B. MCCLELLAN, Major- General, Gommanding. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 15. Annapoli8, Md., October 17, 1861. The embarkation of the troops of this division will commence imme- diately an(l in accordance with the following order and assignment: I. First Brigade, Brigadier-teneral Viele, commanding. Third Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers to steamer Atlantic. Forty-sixth Regiment New York Volunteers to steamer Webster. Forty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers to steamer Roanoke. Forty-eighth Regiment New York Volunteers to steamer Empire City. Eighth Regiment Maine Volunteers to steamer Ariel. The horses and wagons pertaining to the First Brigade are assigned to the steamers Belvidere and Philadelphia Page 180 180 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. II. Second Brigade, Brig. Gen. I. I. Stevens, commanding. iRoundhead Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers to steamer Ocean Queen. Five companies of the Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers to steamer Ocean Queen. Five companies of the Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers to steamer Vanderbilt. Eighth Regiment Michigan Volnnteers to steamer Vanderbilt. The horses and wagons pertaining to the Second Brigade are assigned to the steamer Ben De Ford. III. Third Brigade, Brig. Gen. II. G. Wright, commanding. Fourth Regiment New llampshfre Volunteers to the steamer Baltic. Sixth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers to the ste~mers Marion and Parkersburg. Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers to the steamer.Illinois. iNinth Regiment Maine Volunteers to the steamer Coatzacoalcos. The horses and wagons pertaining to the Third Brigade are assigned to the steamer Baltic. IV. Hamiltons light battery to steamer Ericsson. V. The Battalion of Volunteer Engineers (now at Fortress Monroe, Va.) to the steamer Star of the South. VI. The regiment of Rhode Island volunteers (now at Fortress Mon- roe, Va.) to the steamer Cahawba. VII. Division headquarters to the steamer Atlantic and the horses pertaining thereto to the steamer Ericsson. VIII. Each brigade commander will select from the transports as- signed to his brigade the one upon which the headquarters will em- bark, the name of the transport thus selected to be reported to these headquarters. IX. The horses and equipments of monnted officers will, as far as practicable, be so placed as to be disembarked at the shortest notice. X. Brigade commanders will ~issne and enforce such orders as will effectually prevent any person not belonging to the military organization from embarking on their transports, and will prevent any stores from being shipped but the necessary provisions and supplies, including the authorized allowance of camp and garrison eqnipage. XI. No sutler but the one appointed by the Secretary of War will be recognized in any manner or received on board the transports belonging to this command. By order of General T. W. Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth infantry, Acty. Asst. Adjt. General. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CoRPS, No. 16. Annap~jis, Mid., October 17, 1861. It is confidently expected that General Orders, No. 15, current series, from these headqnarters will be enforced with vigor and promptitude. The officers concerned will infuse into their men a spirit of energy adequate to the occasion; they will see that their respective commands move with life and alacrity; that all work is so systematized that every man and body of men may work to advantage. Each officer and man will apply his every effort to the task set before him, and will exhibit at all times and upon all occasions that spirit o Page 181 CHAP. XV.J CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 181 energy and industry so essential in every well-disciplined command and without which successful war cannot be prosecuted. Whilst the general commanding expects in this way the support of his command, he regrets to say that he has recently noticed a few instances of a lax, loose, and lazy bearing on the part of a few men when on duty. This spirit, if generally diffused, would ignore all usefulness and destroy all prospects of successful operations. Commanders should at once bring to their official notice all cases of this nature, and if shame will not bring the offender to a sense of duty, punishment must be resorted to. II. All horses and wagons that the chief quartermaster decides can- not be taken on the transports will be transferred to the quartermaster of the post, with the requisite invoices. By order Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. II. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Acty. Asst. Adjt. General. WASHINGTON, October 18, 1801. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Annapolis, Md.: Your dispatch of yesterday received and shown to General ~1cCle1- Ian. I have promised him to not break his army here without his con- sent. I do not think I shall go to A unapolis. A. LINCOLN. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 19. ~tcamer Atlantic, October 23, 1861. This command will sail f& r its destination in a very few days, under convoy of a naval squadron, commanded by Commodore DuPont. The transports will move in three columns and in rear of the main body of the squadron. The transports belonging to the First Brigade will compose the right column, those of the Second Brigade and the Third Rhode Island Regiment the center, and those of the Third Brigade and the Battalion of Volunteer Engineers the left column. Eaeh vessel will retain its order in column, and the columns will move in parallel lines, equidistant, regulating from the right. The sail vessels and other transports inadequate to the task of sailing with the fleet will be towed by such steamers as the chief quartermaster may designate. Commo- dore DuPont, in co-operation with the land forces, has kindly made such an arrangement of his fleet as will secure the transports from unneces- sarv diffusion, and all senior officers on transports and masters of vessels will enter into the spirit of and conform to these arrangements, a plan of which will be duly given. II. The general commanding announces to the expeditionary corps that it is intended to make a descent on the enemys coast, and probably nuder circumstances which will demand the utmost vigilance, coolness, and intrepidity omi the part of every officer and man of his command. In consideration of the justness and holiness of our cause, of the ardent patriotism which has prompted the virtuous and industrious citizens of our land to fly to their countrys standard in the moment of her peril, he most confidently believes that he will be effectually and efficiently supported in his efforts to overthrow a zealous, active, and wily foe, ~x hose cause is unholy and principles untenable Page 182 182 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. III. On the approach of the transports to the place of disembark- ment each brigade commander will anchor his transports as near each other as practicable, and will at the proper time superintend the disem- barkment of his brigade. The surf-boats, with other means for disein. barkment on hand, are believed to be capable of landing at once from 3,000 to 4,000 men. The surf-boats are of different sizes. Two of the largest may take the officers and men of a company of 100 men; two of the next size a company of 70 men, and so on in proportion. The other means of transportation may take the remainder of a brigade, with probably one or two sections of field artillery. IV. The disembark ment will be made in three lines. The first line will be the brigade of General Wright, flanked by two sections of Hamil- tons light battery, and accompanied by the squad of Regular Sappers and Miners, and two companies of Serrells volunteer engineers, with a sufficient supply of intrenching tools and sand bags. The second line will be the brigade of General Stevens, and, if necessary, accompanied by a sect4on of Hamiltons battery and two field pieces, to be manned by a company of the Third Rhode Island Regiment. The reserve will be composed of General Vieles brigade, the remaining portion of Serrells volunteer engineers, and the Third Rhode Island Regimeiit, and will be disposed of according to circumstances. V. The boats of not only each company, bnt of each regiment and brigade, will land abreast as far as practicable, and in the order of battle. The utmost effort will be made to effect the landing in that order. Should it be found impracticable to land immediately from the lighters, then the surf-boats, when emptied, will immediately proceed to the rapid landing of the men from the lighters, and as soon as the whole line is landed all the boats will return and bring forward in like manner the troops of the second line, and so with the reserve. VI. The general officers and commanders of battalions, & c., will be furnished in time with the plan of descent and the particular order of battle. It is probable that the first line will have to conquer the ground on which to establish itself and, if opposed by greatly superior num- bers, to maneuver, and perhaps to momentarily intrench. If not seri- ously opposed, the first line, after overcoming immediate difficulties, will continue to drive backward the enemy, but will not venture beyond supporting distance from the shore before the landing of the general commanding or without his special orders. VII. The commanding officer of the naval squadron has kindly con- sented to furnish 300 sailors to assist in launching and manning the surf-boats, and he appeals to the patriotism of the masters, mates, and sailors of the several transports to furnish an additional number of coxswains and oarsmen. Any deficiency of oarsmeu in surf-boats will be supplied from the platoons on board of these respectively, so that each boat, when ready, may be rapidly rowed ashore. The soldier oars- men will land and form with their platoons. VIII. General and field officers, with their respective staffs, will endeavor to obtain landing boats for themselves, with the necessary coxswains and oarsmen from the transports and other hired vessels of the fleet. IX. The senior officer of the troops on board each transport will arrange with the master for voluntary helps of this kind which may be needed and can be given, and will make a special report to these headquarters as early as practicable of the assistance thus rendered. X. As soon as the landing shall have been effected the surf and othe Page 183 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.~UNION. 183 landing boats will revert to the chief quartermaster for immediate supplies. XI. The sick and non-effective men will remain on board the several transports until provision can be made for them on shore. The non- effectives will be specially charged with the care of the sick, under directions to be left by the respective medical officers. XII. Medical officers, excepting one from each brigade, to be desig- nated by the respective brigade commanders, will land with the troops. The three medical officers left afloat will, under the directions of the medical director, (livide the duty of visiting all the sick on board, in- cluding those of the Third Rhode Island Regiment and the Battalion of Volunteer Engineers. By order of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Actg. Asst. Adjt. General. CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, U. S. F. Wabash, October 26, 1861. In consequence of the present unexpected delay in putting to sea, on account of unfavorable weather, it is considered indispensable to iml)ress upon the minds of all commanding officers of troops on transports the strict necessity of conforming to orders heretofore given, respecting cleanliness and the economy in the use of water. To still further secure the command from an eventual want of water, all steam transports will, whilst lying still, be occupied in condensing as much water as practicable. It is probable that some of the transports will hold their troops from twenty to thirty days. All commanding officers will see the necessity of having everything in readiness for a prompt debarkation. The field artillery particularly will have its gun8, carriages, horses and harness ready to disembark without unnecessary delay. All obstructions on board preventing this promptness must be removed as soon as the transports get to sea. Every transport, as well as the troops on board, must be ready to sail at any moment, when the proper signals are given. By order of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. II. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Actg. Asst. Adjt. General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hampton Roads, October 27, 1861. General M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: The unexpected delay of the expedition at this point, owing to the stormy and unfavorable state of the weather for our light vessels and tugs, will, it is very much to be apprehended, produce a failure in our supply of water. Our horses have already been on board some thirteen days and men a week. Although all the vessels were loaded with all the water they could carry, some of the tran~ports are already reduced to a supply for nine days Page 184 184 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MLDJ~E AND EAST FLA. (CHAP. XV. Major Belger has beeu written to, with an urgent request for him to forward immediately to this plae~ 200,000 gallons, and as we shall leave here the very first favorable moment, the post quartermaster will have sealed instructions for tJiie water transports, diFecting to what point they shall proceed. The resources of Fort Monroe are not at our disposal, even if they had more water than they want themselves. Will von please to instruct Major Belger to promptly send forward the water asked for? The weather is such that Commodore DuPont decides it yet unsafe for our fleet to put to sea. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA. Port Monroe, October 28, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, & cretary of War: SIR: By special messenger I would inform you that the expedition under the command of Brigadier-General Sherman is still in Hampton Roads. Brigadier-General Sherman has been here since Tuesday last. On his arrival, in order to hasten his departure, I gave him a large amount of supplies, among others 350,000 rounds of cartridges. It appears that his ammunition was stored at the bottom of his ships, and could not be got at short of four days. To prevent this delay I granted him the ammunition, which leaves me less than 100 rounds~o each man of my command, which I earnestly request that you will have increased to the numler delivered to Brigadier-General Sherman with as little delay as practicable. When I gave the ammunition I wa-s under the impression that the expedition would leave immediately. It is now nearly seven days since the general received the ammunition, and the fleet is st-ill in port, and when it will sail is more than I can tell. I am now furnishing ten days rations for the soldiers, and for the same rea- sons assigned for the ammunition furnished. that their rations are stowed where they caimot be got at without sevgral days delay. I will venture to assert that a worse-managed expedition could not well be contrived. Every opportunity has been given the rebels to be prepared to meet them at any point on the coast. Among other opportunities a deserter from the fleet, a pet-ty officer (the party referred to I find upon inquiry to be Mr. Hale, a young officer connected with the Navy, and, I believe, a relative of Secretary Welles, a native of. Virginia), carried with him the signal book, and, a-s he said, a knowledge of the destination of the expedition. My object, however in making this communication is to hasten a supply of am munition for small- arms. In supplying Brigadier-General Shermans command, I have not now 100 rounds for each man remain- ing in store. I would again call your attention to the garrison of Fort Monroe. I am deficient in artillerists, both in officers and men. I could not man more than ten guns. I made a special report on this subject to Lieutenant General Scott, 26th instant. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, - JOHN E. WOOL, Major- General Page 185 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. 185 Abstract from return of Ike Expeditionary Corps, commanded by Brig. Gen. Tkoma8 TV. Sherman, for October 28, 1861. Present. Commands. Officers. Men. - --~ - --~~- Aggregate. For duty. Total. For duty. Total. Division staff 26 26 25 25 51 First Brigade : 185 192 3, 682 3, 796 3, 988 Second Brigade I 137 141 3, 015 3,196 3, 337 Third Brigade 147 153 3, 574 3,747 3,900 Troops not bri~aded 61 62 1, 242 1, 315 1, 377 Total 556 574 11,538 12, 079 12, 653 Organization ~f the Expeditionary Corps, commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas TV. Sherman. U. S. Army, October 28, 1861. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. EGBERT L. VIELE. 8th Maine, Col. Lee Strickland. 3d New Hamp~hire, Col. EnochQ.Fel- lows. 46th New York, Col. Rudolph Rosa. 47th New York, Col. Henry Moore. 48th New York, Col. James H. Perry. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ISAAC I. STEVENS. 8th Michigan, Col. William M. Fenton. 79th New York, Licut. Col. William H. Nobles. 20th Pennsylvania, Col. B. C. Christ. 100th PennsyLvania, Col. Daniel Lea- sure. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. hORATIO G. WRIGHT. 6th Connecticut, Col. John L. Chatfield. 7th Connecticut, Col. Alfred H. Terry. 9th Maine, Col. Rishworth Rich. 4th New Hampshire, Col. Thomas J. Whipple. Troops not brigaded. let New York Engineers, Col. Edward W. Serrell. :3d Rhode Island, Col. Nathaniel W. Brown. 3d U. S. Artillery, Battery E, Capt. John Hamilton. CIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, U. S. F. Wabash (off Port Royal, S. C.), Nov. 4, 1861. The general commanding has the unparalleled gratification to congrat- tilate the officers and men of his command upon their safe arrival at this point, after a most perilous and tempestuous passage from Hampton Roads. Some vessels probably have been lost, but it is believed that the hand of Providence has saved the lives of all. For this let us be thankful to the Ruler of our destiiiies, in whom we must ever trust for protection. Soldiers! Let the dangers you have encountered and the anxieties you have experienced be an incentive to a greater exertion on your part in the holy cause in which you are engaged. The e,~es of your country are upon you. She expects you to conquer. Deceive not her expecta. tions. Be cool and determined. - Act only at the command of your officers, and be prompt to do so. Be not led away by a vaiu and spon- taneous enthusiasm, nor restrailled by a want of willingness or alacrity. Let your officers judge when you are to act; to do otherwise would lead to confusion and disgrace. Some of you have not had proper opportu- llities for instruction~ let coolness fir an(l the cold steel take mness, the place of better instruction. CHAP. XV. Page 186 18(3 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST HA. [CHAr. XV. Soldiers! .Yon are contending against an enemy who depreciates your manhood, who denies that your prowess is equal to his. Belie this sen- timeiit, or you will disgrace yourselves and your nativity. By order of Brig. Gen. T. XV. Sherman: L. II. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Actg. Asst. Adjt. General. HILTON HEAD, Port Royal, ~. C., November 9, 1861. GENERAL: I have the honor to report the arrival at this place of all the vessels which I chartered in New York, having on board General Shermans entire command, with the greater part of the supplies. For your approval of the care exercised in the selection of vessels for the transportation of troops, I wish to mention that we rode out one of the severest gales which have occurred on this coast for a long time without losing a single man. The fleet left Hampton Roads on the 29th of October. On the 1st of November it encountered a heavy gale, which scattered it in every direction. The quartermasters steamer (Winfleld Scott, Captain Seldy) lost all her cargo, and was so much injured that she can never leave this port. The quartermasters steamer (Union) with stores, it is reported, went ashore on the South Carolina coast, and was lost; her crew taken prisoners. The steamers Peerless and Osceola, sent by Colonel Tomp- kins from New York, with cattle, were lost. The cre~v of the Peerless was saved. The steamer Belvidere, from Baltimore, with horses, was compelled to put back to Hampton Roads, having thrown overboard a portion of her horses. On the 3d of November the fleet arrived at this place. It gives me great pleasure to report that so far the expedition has been a complete success. We are now in complete possession of the finest harbor in the South, where the largest ships can enter and :ide at anchor in safety. In the heart of the richest part of the cotton district, with direct and easy communication by water inland with Charleston and Savannah, it possesses unrivaled advantages for a quartermasters and naval depot, and in the future a great commercial city must grow up here. A place of such importance cannot be held for any great length of time without large re-enforcements. All the stores have now to be landed through the surf; a laborious, tedious operation, detaining these large ships a long time iii discharging their cargo. Economy requires that a substantial wharf should be built. I have made a requisition on Colonel Tompkins for a steam pile-driver and scow and the plank necessary to cover the pier. If this meets your approval, I hope that Colonel Tomp- kins may be directed to send them as soon as practicable. The water ships have arrived. The brilliant victory gained by the naval fleet enabled the troops to land much sooner than was expected when the request for water was sent, and rendered our wants in this respect less pressing than they would have been under other circum- stances. An abundance of good water can be had by sinking wells. In order to insure regularity and promptness in forwarding supplies to the troops, I would respectfully call your attention to the propriety of keeping two or three flrst-cla~s steamers like the Atlantic and Baltic running constantly between this place and New York. Contraband negroes are coming in in great numbers. In two day Page 187 CHAP. XV.j CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 187 150 have come in, mostly able-bodied men, and it will soon be necessary to furnish them with coarse clothing. With great respect, your obedient servant, R. SAXTON, Captain, U. S. Army, Assistant Quartermaster. Lindorsements. I NOVEMBER 15, 1861. Respectfully referred to the Secretary of War. The requisition for pile-driver has been approved. The safe escape of all the vessels engaged by Captain Saxton did credit to his care and judgment. There should be a regular line of large steamers betweeu New York and Port Royal now running as transports. I know of none better than the Atlantic and Baltic, and I suggest the propriety of purchas- ing instead of chartering for the consideration of the Department of War. Respectfully, M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster. General. NOVEMBER 16, 1861. I read the indorsement to the Secretary, who decides that the Baltic and Atlantic may be purchased. Requested Mr. Tucker to see to this. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster- General. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 24. Hilton Head, 5. 0., November 11, 1861. The general commanding is pained to know that some of the troops of his command have, without orders, invaded the premises of l)rivate individuals and committed gross depredations upon their property, and what he considers a matter of still graver character and most preju- dicial to the discipline of the command and the interests of the service is. that some commissioned officers (it is hoped but few) have not only connived at these outrages, but have actually participated in them. The rights of citizens to be secure in their property and the character of the American Army are too important to allow such transactions to go unrebuked. The first duty of the soldier is the protection of the citizen. The political character of the citizen is not to be judged and weighed in this manner by the soldier, and there must be by him no molestation of his lawful rights. The Government alone is to decide how far the present unfortunate condition of this portion of the country is to authorize or demand a departure from the well-settled principles of American law. Brigade commanders and all other commanding officers will at once see that these depredations cease, and endeavor to ascertain the names of the perpetrators, that they may be brought to justice. All horses, cattle, and other private property which have been taken off any of the plantations and now in the hands of officers or soldiers~ will be immediately surrendered to the chief quartermaster, who will cause an inventory to be taken of the same, stating, if practicable, to. whom the property belongs, and make a report to these headquarters~ II. All public property left by the enemy, such as muskets, accouter- ments, & c., and now in the hands of soldiers or citizens, will be immedi- ately turned over to the chief ordnance officer, Lieut. Francis J. Shunk Page 188 188 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. III. All persons found outside the pickets without a pass will be arrested and reported to these headquarters. By order of Brigadier-General T. W. Sherman: L. II. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Actg. Asst. Adjt. General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CoRPS, Hilton Head, S. 0., November 15, 1861. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to report that, in consequence of the difficnlty and great amount of labor in landing our stores, some delay must neces- sarily occur in continuing operations. This delay is as distasteful to us as it must be to the authorities at Washington. Jn the mean while a matter of the first importance is to erect proper defenses at Hilton Head as well as to strengthen the land side of the fort, to the end of securing this important point with the least number of men. This is being done, and a plan of the same will be furnished as soon as it can be prepared. In conducting operations here two modes suggest themselves: First, to hold Hilton Head and Phillips Island with a strong force, and proceed with a sufficient force, in connection with the naval fleet nnder Commodore DuPont, and open another important harbor. This would be carrying out the original and actual object of the expedition. as I understand it, and for which object only our means have been provided. Second, to occupy the points first mentioned as well as Beaufort as a base of operations, and act thence on a line of operations embracing Port Royal Island and the road to Pocotaligo, the nearest point of the Savannah and Charleston ~ai1road, into the southern connties of the State, threatening Savannah, & c., or to operate from the base of Ililton Head through the interior creeks and channels leading into the Savan- nah River below Savannah and near Fort Jackson, thus laying siege to Savannah and cutting off Fort Pulaski. For these last operations the former would require more land trans- portation than we are provided with, and the latter would require an outfit of boats, that we are also insufficiently provided with. The former would also require a small cavalry force. The only course, therefore, at present is, notwithstanding the apparent opening for more brilliant operations, the first and original plan. The surrounding country evacuated by the whites, as described in my last, has upon it an abundance of valuable property, including ungathered crops and cotton mostly gathered. I have directed all the means of transportation, such as boats, scows, wagons, & c., to be collected for the use of the Army; but in regard to other private prop- erty, such as can be made of no injury to us in the operations of the enemy, I have directed not to be interfered with. This, however, is a difficult matter, and there exists too great a propensity to rob and pillage the houses and plantations left in charge only of the blacks. I hope to receive instructions on this point; that is, in a .country entirely deserted by its white inhabitants, all of whom are known to be disloyal, - how far I am to authorize the appropriation of private property. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 189 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 189 GENERAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 29. Hilton Head, S. C., November 15, 1861. * * * * * * * Ill. The fort on Hiltoit Head will be known as Fort Welles, and the one on Bay Point, heretofore called Fort Beauregard, will be known as Fort Seward. * * * * * * * By order of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Gaptain, Fifteenth Infantry, Aetg. Asst. Adjt. General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, S. 0., November 17, 1861. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY,. Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to report that the position of the forces here- necessitates the most active operations during the coming winter, the climate and localities of these islands rendering it impracticable to carry on operations upon them after April next. We have now possession of the valuable harbors of Port Royal and Saint lielena. One more will probably be in our possession in a short time. A fort should be con- structed on Hunting Island, to secure that important roadstead of Saint Helena. After well securing these important points, and establishing a firm base from which to operate inland, there will not be left a very large force disposable for internal operations. I would therefore recom- mend that an additional force of 10,000 men be sent to this point as early as practicable, and among them some regular troops, including some companies of artillery, for garrisoning the forts; the volunteer force not being adapted to the artillery service. We shall require three or four steamers, drawing not over 9 feet, and. capable of conveying 800 or 1,000, for operations in the rivers and creeks, and a couple of ferry-boats, drawing not over 5 or 6 feet of water, would be of the greatest advantage. We would require also about 100 row- boats, capable of carrying from 40 to 50 men each, with kedges and oars. A few of them should be large enough and so constructed as to trans- port pieces of artillery with their carriages, including siege guns. I also take the liberty of recommending that the light-ship formerly stationed at the entrance of Port Royal channel be replaced, and that the light- house on Hunting Islands, Saint Helena Sound, be relighted. It is my duty also to recommend that some more engineer officers be sent here. The duties of that corps are too important and too extended to be left to the few we have here. It is also important to have at least three more ordnance sergeants here for the several artillery stations, the two. heretofore furnished having been absorbed at Forts Welles and Seward. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding Ezpeditionary Corps. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 32. Hilton Head, S. C., November 17, 1861. The following troops will be put in readiness to embark, as follows: Forty-sixth Regiment New York Volunteers on the steamer Empire City Page 190 190 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Forty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers on the steamer Star of the South. Forty-eighth Regiment New York Volunteers on the steamer Ca- hawba. Eighth Regiment Maine Volnuteers on the steamer Ariel. Third Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers six companies on the steamer Daniel Webster and four companies on the steamer Marion. Two companies of the Regiment of Volunteer Engineers on the steamer Oriental. Three companies of the Third Regiment Rhode Island Volunteers on the steamer Matauzas. By order of Brig. Gen. T. W% Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, 8. 0., November 25, 1861. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to report that we have found stowed away on Ladies Island two light-house apparatus, including lamps and reflectors, with a large quantity of oil. 1 thought it best to turn the same over to Commodore DuPont, as he has better facilities for keeping them safe and secure than we have. He had before one also which he found at Beaufort. It having been learned by a reconnaissance sent to the neighbor- ing island that the forts on Tybee Island had been deserted by the rebels, I informed Commodore DuPont of the same, whereupon he yesterday started some gunboats down there, and discovered U~ to be a fact. We have therefore another light-house, which should be relighted at once. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, 8. 0., November 25, 1861. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: Our scouts have found the fort on Ladies Island covering the Coosaw River, which was deserted by the rebels at the time of the cap. ture of this place. The scouts spiked the guns, but we shall remove them as soon as practicable to this place. Our scouts have been up into the vicinity of Port Royal Ferry, and discovered that the advanced out- post of the enemy is at that point and that their main body is at Poco- taligo. There is another large force also collecting at Grahamyille, nearer to Savannah, and also on the railroad, the advance post of which is at Bluifton, a small village some 10 or 14 miles from here. The object of these forces is undoubtedly to protect the railroa4 and cover the in- terior of the State against our invasion in that direction, which, from all the information I can gather, they are daily expecting. I have already briefly referred to our facilities, or rather want of faci Page 191 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 191 ities, for such an operation, and the propriety of confining ourselves with our present means to establishing a firm and secnre base on the coast, and thus be prepared for any ulterior movements inland that the service may demand. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding Ecpedition. OFFICE CHIEF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEER E. C., Hilton Head, ~. 0., November 25, 1861 Capt. Louis H. PELOUZE, Fifteenth I~~fantry, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General: SIR: In accordance with instructions from General Sherman, I have examined the ferries from this island to the main-land, situated at Ferry Point and Spanish Wells, and have to report as follows: The distance from Ferry Point to the, large white house opposite is 2,714 yards, or 1.54 miles. The landing on this side is tolerably good, the slope of the beach being sufficiently abrupt to allow small boats to land, and Vessels of 15 feet draught to come within 50 yards of the shore; but from the intermixture of sand and mud it is hardly firm enough for anything but infantry to march upon. The shape of the l)Oint and the approaches to it are such that a small body of men could easily prevent the landing of a hostile force. A flat or marsh 600 yards wide, at the large white house, extends entirely around the south point of the main-land between May River and the small creek on the east side of the ferry, thus rendering the debarkation of troops in numbers on the main impracticable. At high tide small boats can be run over the flat in front of the house and infantry landed, but at low tide the only means of approaching the shore is by a small slough running nearly east through the flat. In this way one or two boats at a time can be l)ushed to within 200 yards of the house, but the men can only reach the solid ground by bogging through the mud. The negroes living on the adjacent plantations inform me that this ferry is only used at high tide, amid at such times men, horses, and carriages can be crossed in light-draught scows. Spanish Wells is situated opposite the mouth of May River. It has a good landing, on a tolerably firm sand beach, and deep water at 50 yards from shore. The first landing on the main is up May River, distant about 5 miles, at a point in front of the farm-houses of Mrs. Calk. At this place boats of considerable draught can lie alongside the shore, and land men by putting out the ordinary stage-planks. The channel all th~ way is deep enough for boats drawing 15 feet. This place is in every way suitable for a steam ferry. Its communications with Hilton Hea~d are by the usual roads of the island. The rebel picket of six or eight horsemen did not attempt to resist our landing at Buckiugham Ferry, but fled upon our approach. Shortly afterwards the cotton-house on an adjoining plantation, said to belong to a Mr. Baynard, was observed to be on fire, and later in the evening one owned by Mrs. Calk was also set on fire and burned. The pickets on the main-land, stationed at the places of exit, seemed to be intended to keep the negroes from running off rather than to prevent our approach. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. WILSON, First l2ieut., Top. Eng., Chief Top. Eng. Expy Corps Page 192 192 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. HDQRS. OF THE ARMY, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, November 27, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, U. S. A., Port Royal, S. C.: SIR: Your letters of the llth,* 15th, and 17th instant have been received. Four additional regiments have been ordered to join your command. The General-in-Chief desires you, through your quarter- master, to seize all cotton and other property which may be nsed to our prejudice. The cotton and such other articles as may not be required for the use of your command will be shipped by return transports to the quartermaster in New York, there to be sold on public account. The services of negroes will be used in picking, collecting, and packing cot- ton as well as in constructing defensive works, & c. Private property of individuals should not be interfered with, unless it be of military utility under the circumstances you mention, and you will be justified in taking measures to prevent pillage or any outrage so far as the exi- gencies of the service will permit, no matter what relations the persolis or property may bear to the lJiiiited States Government. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, S. C., November 27, 1861. ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: For the want of an engineer officer (one being sick, one engaged on a reconnaissance on Saint Helena Sound, and the remaining one necessarily employed here) I went down to Tybee Island last evening, and this morning made a sufficient reconnaissance of that island as to ascertain its general topography and the range of the eiiemys guns on Fort Pulaski. I find it not impossible to reduce Pulaski from this island, though it will be a work of time. Mortar and breeching batteries may be constructed so as not to be very seriously annoyed by their guns. I find that their casemate guns will hardly range to the island, while their barbette guns will explode shells upon the island with certainty and considerable accuracy. A further reconnaissance will be made as soon as an engineer officer can be spared. Not hearing from the Department to-day as to our future operations~ (as the Bienville has just returned), I shall have to act from my own judgment alone, or be the cause of a delay in operations that will mili- tate seriously to our disadvantage on account of the. rapidity of time that must be made use of to avoid being caught by earliness of spring. In order, therefore, to meet the wants of the operations of this portion of the Army, I have to request that as much cavalry, not exceeding a regiment, ten regiments of infantry, and one regiumnt of regular artil- lery be sent here as soon as practicable. The steamboats, ferry-boats, and small boats required were mentioned in my letters of the 17th and 21st. It would be of the greatest advantage in having a small force of regular infantry to leaven the mass of raw volunteers of which this com- mand is composed. I have also to call the attention of the Department to the proportions * See capture of Fort Walker, & c., p. 5 Page 193 CuAP. XV.j CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 193 we are developing in these operations. Our coast is becoming more and more extended. The operations of the engineer, ordnance, and artil- lery departments are of the greatest importance. We have not officers enough to manage them, particularly with raw troops, where every man must be instructed to avail anything. I recommend that three more engineer officers, two ordnance officers, and several artillery officers be sent here at once. The want of direction among our raw hands a direction which the few officers here cannot sufficiently give, is a serious cause of delay in everything we undertake to do. I also ask that an officer of the Quartermasters Department, of rank and great experi- ence, be sent to control the operations of that department here. A good pontoon bridge would also be desirable here. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS Port Royal, AS~. C., December 4, 1861. General LORENZO THOMAS Adjutant- General U. ~ Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: Since my letter of the 27th ultimo Tybee, island has been thor- oughly examined, and I inclose herewith a copy of the report of the engineer, Captain G-illmore, whose opinion is in accordance with m own as to the feasibility of shelling Fort Pulaski, and, if not y demolish- Pig it, of rendering it untenable. I am about occupying that island with a regiment, and as soon as practicable shall mount some sea-coast guns in the work near the light-house, so as to secure the channel enter- ing the river in the absence of naval vessels. The reductioii of Fort Pulaski will require an armament from the North, and I inclose herewith the amount of ordnance we shall require, which I beg may be forwarded to Tybee Island at the earliest practica- ble moment, in charge of an active and experienced ordnance officer, if a suitable artillery officer cannot be obtained; for I repeat from former communications that, this command being composed of raw volunteers and a dearth of experienced and instructed officers, an impossibility now exists of obtaining proper hands to direct. Tne shelling of Pulaski may have an important effect in favor of some other movement that it might be possible to carry on at the same time. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHE L~MAN, Bigadier- General, Commanding, [Inclosure.] HEADQUARTERS CHIEF ENGINEER OFFICER E. C., Hilton Head, ~3. C., December 1, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps, Hilton Head, S. C.: SIR: Agreeably to your orders I proceeded in the steamer Ben DeFord, on the afternoon of the 29th ultimo, to Tybee island, to make a military examination of that locality. We arrived at the Tybee light-house about 7 p. in., when I called upon the senior naval officer present, and made arrangements with him for disembarking my escort (three com- panies of the Fourth New Ilamplishire Volunteers, under Major Drew) at 13 R RYOL Y Page 194 194 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. 7 oclock on the following morning. There was some delay in landing, so that I was not ready to commence the work of the day before 9 a. m. I first endeavored to determine the prominent topographical features of the island, and found that at high water it is nearly divided into two parts by a marsh, or rather two marshes, which make up from the iu]et or creek which bounds the island on the southwest. This marsh, or a great part of it, is slightly submerged at high tide, and is (lifficult to pass even at low water. Men might pick their way across it, b uttroops could not maneuver on it. To pass from the northwest point of the island, opposite Fort Pulaski, to the southeast part, at the mouth of the inlet, I found it necessary to come back within 300 yards of the light- house. On the west end of Tybee Island, opposite Fort Pulaski, a parapet for infantry 100 yards long has been thrown across the neck of land to pre- vent troops from approaching from the direction of the light house. West of this troops have been encamped in bush tents. In a southwesterly direction on the other side of the creek the land appears to be low and marshy, except a small area in a southerly direction from the earthwork, occul)icd by a house. Returning to the old tower near the light-house, I took its l)rincipal dimensions and those of the unfinished earthwork which surrounds it. The tower is built of shell concrete; its walls are 10 feet thick, and it is three stories in height. The first story is 9 feet high, with but one opening (4 feet wide) to the exterior. In it is a good magazine 6 by 7 feet and 7 feet high, with brick walls 3A feet thick. The second story is about 9 feet high, and has one communication with the exterior.. It is on the west side. The third story is pierced with twelve loop-holes, at equal distances apart, 1 by 1 foot at the throat and 2 by 2 feet on the exterior. Four fire-places exist on this story. Above the floor covering the third story the wall is carried up flush with the inside, so as to form a breast-height 4 feet thick and 4~ feet high. The tower is surrounded by an unfinished field work, which could with little labor be made a strong position, that would control the prin- cipal entrance to Savannah River, and thus render efficient services to the blockade in case the fleet should be driven off by stress of weather. One or two siege guns could be mounted on the tower. I give a rough sketch of the tower and its surroundings. I proceeded to the southern point of the island along the main shore and thence up the inlet on the southwest, in order to get a near view, if possible of the battery which controls Warsaw Inlet. My guide (Mr. Ferguson, of the steamer Flag) is of opinion that this battery contains four guns and is located on the second Tybee island, as it had been fir- ing seaward the day before, when he was on the south point of North Tybee, and had a very good opportunity to judge. A large derrick, plainly visible, with all its rigging, had been erected since he last saw it. I am unable to say whether he is correct or not, and three naval officers with whom I conversed could furnish me with no positive in- formation on the subject. Its thorough examination can only be made by using boats, either directly from the sea or by passing over to the second Tybee Island. To do this would have detained me from Hilton Head all of to-day and a portioii of (perhaps all of) to-morrow, as the pilot of the Ben DeFord requires daylight to navigate his ship in. My hurried departure on Friday left my duties here in a condition that would not warrant so lengthy an absence. I therefore thought it proper to report to you for further orders. The exact position of the battery controlling Warsaw Inlet has, how- ever, no bearing on the prominent points to which my attention wa Page 195 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 195 directed in your verbal instructions, viz, the propriety of occupying and holding the first Tybee Island, and the practicability (and, if deemed practicable, the best method) of reducing Fort Pulaski. I deem the reduction of that work practicable by batteries of mortars and rifled guns established on Tybee Island. I think it probable that a nearer liosition on firm ground (though very shallow, and therefore ill-adapted to mortar and sunken batteries) can be found on the island west of Tybee. I would establish these batteries from 20 to 25 yards apart, one gun or one mortar in each, behind the ridge of sand on the shore, west- ward from the light-house. I would sink the mortar batteries as low as the water would permit, and the guns sufficiently low to leave a high parapet in front. On the sides and rear of each I would have a high mound of earth, and I should cover each with a horizontal bomb- proof shelter of logs, covered with earth, and supported by logs planted vertically in the ground. The embrasures for the guns should be deep, narrow, and of very little splay. I estimate that after once obtaining the range five-eighths of the shells from mortars can be lodged inside of the fort. I would have enough mortars to throw one shell a minute into the fort, and as many guns as mortars. The batteries should operate day and night. For landing the ordnance required for these operations I would have built two or three broad flat-bottomed bateaux or scows, such as are commonly used on rope ferries. I think these could be built here. There are now probably at Fort Pulaski 700 good troops. About 200 landed yesterday, and the Navy officers informed me that at least 500 have entered the fort within the last three days, while some (probably raw recruits or portions of the Home Guard) have gone away. It may be their design to land on Tybee and hold the west end of it, to prevent the erection of batteries against the fort. I therefore recommend the immediate occupation of Tybee Island by one good regiment until the question of attempting the reduction of Fort Pulaski be determined. I learned while at Tybee that offers have beeii made by negroes to burn two of the principal bridges on the railroad between Charleston and Savannah. One of these bridges is said to be nearly two miles long. In a military point of view its (lestrllction would be of great value to us, and I recommend the subject to your attention. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMORE, Captain, and Chief Engineer E~peditionary Corps. [Indorsernent.] Approved, and I fully concur in the plan of Captain Gillmore for reduc- inn Fort Pulaski, except possibly the use of rifled guns, until their effect H has Leen more fully tested. All that can be done with guns is to shake the walls as far as practicable in a random manner. As the nearest distance at which batteries can be constructed is 1~ miles from Pulaski, if rifled guns are found to be non effective at that distance, which is certain if it is discovered that the shot will not strike point foremost, then I think that a few 10-inch columbiads may be used in addition to the mortars, for they may be employed with solid shot for direct fire against the walls or as mortars for the interior. It is impracticable to establish batteries nearer Pulaski than above stated, whether on Tybee or the island west of it. A few days before this reconnaissance I drew the fire of the fort, and ascertained that their casemate guns came a little short of the shore at the position of the for Page 196 196 COASTS OF S. C., GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. constructed on the narrow neck which Captain Gilimore describes, but that their barbette guns effectually shell the shore. Now, as you proceed west, you are constantly shortening the line between the island and Pulaski. In a word, though guns will be of much importance to assist in the work, yet if the place is to be reduced, it is to be done with mor- tars of the heaviest caliber, and if it should even tarn out that the bomb- proofs cannot be ruptured, the place can be made untenable. Respectfully submitted. T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. DECEMBER 4, 1861. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, 5. C., December 6, 1861. Col. RUDOLPH ROSA, Commanding Forty-sixth New York Volunteers: COLONEL: The commanding general directs that you take post with your regiment on North Tybee Island with as little delay as practicable, and at once take up a defensive position, so as to hold the entire island. Your men will eccupy as quarters the buildings near the light-house, and you will establish a camp on the clear ground near the light-house, always keeping out pickets at the salient points of the island. Your attention is particularly called to the narrow neck of land west of the light-house, as a point which should always be guarded. The work thrown up by the enemy at this point should be torn down to the ground as soon as possible, and, to avoid the efibets of the fire from Fort Pulaski, this should be done in the night. You must take every precaution against being surprised, and in the mean time take particular care that the works thrown np about the light-house are not injured or defaced in any way, as guns are to be mounted in them as soon as they can be got there. You will take particular care of your supplies, and see that they are not in any way wasted or destroyed. You will see that vessels sent there are unloaded as soon as possible and sent back to this place. You will keep these headquarters informed of all passing events. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. II. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. CAMP NINTH MAINE REGIMENT, December 6, 1861. Capt. LOUIS II. P~LOUZE, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Shermans Command: As directed, on Thursday, October [November] 28, with three coin- panies from this regiment, I relieved Captaiii Ely at Grahams plantation, and posted pickets at points most advantageous for observation and defense. There had been none previously posted on Baynards plantation, on the point at Spanish Wells, on account of its distance from the reserve; but I to a force , orse, in judged it expedient station small there with a h order to bring me word if anything important should occur. The picket at that point reports that on Sunday night, December 1, at about 2 oclock, a boat filled with armed men, a~)parently, came fi-oni the direction of Hunting Island, with the seeming intention of enterin Page 197 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 197 Broad Creek. On hailing and receiving no reply they fired upon the boat, when considerable confusion ensued, the boat turning and row- ing rapidly back. On Saturday I made a reconnaissance of Piuckney Island and vicinity. From Muddy Point, the western extremity of the island, I saw the rebel picket at Topping Lauding, on the main, scarcely a rifle-shot distance. From negroes who came over that day I found that they have mounted pickets at Fort Point, 3 miles above Topping Landing, at the jun tion of Mackays Creek and Broad River; also at Hog Bluff; 1 mile l)elow Topping Landing; at Buckiugham, or Ferry Landing, and on Hunting Island, so calledin reality a peninsula, extending into Skull Creek in a northeasterly direction from Bluifton. On Monday I reconnoitered Bulls Island. There is a large qnantity of corn and cotton there~ about 200 head of cattle, and 100 sheep; also a small steam-engine, in good repair, of about 8-inch cylinder and 18-inch stroke. I learned that the rebels constantly come over in the night, in small parties, and carry off the stock. Negroes are constantly coining from the main, and report the rebel force hi and about Binifton to be 400, two companies of which are infantry, composed mostly of boys and old men the remainder mounted. On Tuesday night John and Rollin Kirk, brolhers, and a Mr. Pinck- ney, landed on Pinckney Island, for the purpose of taking off the stores; but the negroes getting off in boats and raising an alarm, they left the island without accomplishing their object. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SABINE EMERY, Major, Commanding Detachment. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF PORT ROYAL, Beam~~rt, ~ C., December 8, 1801. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps, Hilton Head, S. C.: GENERAL: At 8.30 oclock I moved forward towards the ferry with Hamiltons section, under Lieutenant Ransom, and 600 infantry. Cap- tain Burket is now proceeding cautiously, with 100 men, in the same direction, and is about 4 miles from this point. My information is that the enemy are on the island, with 140 cavalry and 100 infantry. It is reported that Captain Barmode was wounded in the arm in the aiThir of pickets night before last. I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF PORT ROYAL, Beaufort, S. C., December 8, 1861. Lient. Col. BRENHOLTS, Commanding Detachment, Port Royal Ferry: SIR: In command of the three companies of the Fiftieth Pennsylvania Regiment which have been assigned to you, you will move at 5 oclock to-morrow morning, proceed to Port iloyal Ferry, and relieve Lieutenant- Colonel Armstrong, now stationed there. Tents will not be required, a Page 198 198 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. there are buildings sufficient for the accommodation of your command. You will observe closely the ferry, the adjacent main, and the shores of Port Royal island on either hand. You will send small parties, each under the charge of an officer, to the neighboring plantations, to ascer- tain the amount of transportation, forage, and provisions they will supply to this command, and will take the necessary measures to save them for its use. It is said the navigation of the river separating the island from the main has been obstructed, both above and below the ferry, by piles driven across. Ascertain the facts and stop further proceed- ings of the kind. You will take every precaution to gnard against surprise; will endeavor to send in daily repomts, noting carefully every- thing you learn in regard to the several points to which your attention has been called. Truly and respectfully, your most obedient, ISAAC I. STEVENS Brigadier- General, Commanding. IIEADQTJARTERS DISTRICT OF PORT ROYAL, Beaufort, S. C., December 9, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN: GEXERAL: I have received information that since my visit to Port Royal Ferry yesterday the Confederates have commenced the erection of a battery on the main near by, and at a distance of about 1,000 yards from the firm land on the island. I shall at daylight to-morrow morning have the two guns of H amiltons battery in position, and I shall open fire upon the Confederates. In the event they persist in the construction of the battery I will most urgently ask that a gunboat be sent to the same general vicinity, to co-ol)erate with the land force. It is the manifest purpose of the Confederates to close the passage. Shall a movement be made with the re-enforcement, or perhaps with troomis which they can replace, to seize the railroad crossing on Broad River and silence it by works ~ This would involve crossing the Port Royal Ferry and occupying the main. I will, at all events, stop further pro. ceedings in the defense of the passage between Port Royal and the main, and await your further instructions. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., December 10, 1861. General LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to report that Otter Island has been occupied by six companies, with an armament sufficient for the protection of Saint Helena Sound and our right flank from any incursions of the enemy by the way of the Ashepoo River and South Edisto from the direction of Charleston. I have also to report that Tybee Island is now in the occupancy of one regiment, and that an armament is being prepared sufficient to cover the channel leading into Savannah River. This armament, how Page 199 CHAP. XV.] 199 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC .UNION. ever, is independent of that required for the reduction of Fort Pulaski. I have also to rel)ort that I have occupied Port Royal Island with General Stevens bcigade. I very much regret the necessity of this measure, as, although fully convinced of its untenability by the enemy, he has commenced against us a system of blockade by constructing piles and stockades across the Coosaw River, washing the northern and western sides of the island, and thus intercepting the navigation around the island. General Stevens has driven off his pickets, and now holds both sides of Port Royal Ferry. This island can be held by a small force, and I hope to be able to make use of part of that brigade for other movements. At the same time I repeat my former recommenda- tion for more troops here and some cavalry. The enemys line can be considered strategically as occupying the country from Ossabaw Sound through Savannah and the important places on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, viz, Hardeeville, Grahamville, Coosawhatchie, Pocotaligo, and so on to the left. Some point on this line should be struck soon, but nothing but the develop- ment of circumstances and the quantity and kind of means in hand will fully solve the important question. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. P. S.Three regiments of Pennsylvanians have arrivedone ~f them without arms. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF PORT ROYAL, BeauJ~rt, S. C., December 10, 1801.. Brigadier-General SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps: GENERAL: Lieutenant Ransom and the section of Hamiltons battery under his command moved at 3 oclock this morning, and I followed with two members of my staff, Acting Aides-de-Camp J4usk and Taylor, of, respectively, the Highianders and Fiftieth Pennsylvania, a half hour afterwards. We reached the ferry at daylight. I found, however, on careful examination that the Confederates had not commenced the erec- tion of any works since our occupation of the island. After an exami- nation of the country adjoining the ferry, especially of the old ferry at Seabrook, a mile and a half to the westward of the present ferry, I determined to take positive possession of both sides of the eJsting ferry, especially as an effort had been made (lurimig my absence at Sea- brook to fire the ferry building on the island side. Lieutenant Ransom, bringing, under my direction, his battery into posithm at Stuarts place, fired finr shots and dispersed the enemys pickets, amid Lieutenant -Colonel Brenholts~ commanding the (letachment at the P~rry, advanced imme- diately a picket of 12 men to the frrry, and took possession of both banks, with some four boats. These have since been secured. A small block-house commanding the ferry on the main was destroyed. 1 left the battery at the ferry, with instructions to return to-morrow, unless, after conference with Lieutenant-Colonel Brenholts, Lieutenant Ransom should be satisfied from the unexpected developments of circumstances he ought to remain at the ferry. In this event he was promptly to advise me by messenger. I have had the points carefully examined where it was alleged stock- ades were being built to close the channel. East of the ferry the attemp Page 200 200 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. was actually made, but nothing was accomplished. I have, with the assistance of my aides and s~outiug parties, examined nearly all por- tions of the island to-day. The conduct of the troops is exemplary, and there will be considerable additions made to our stock of quarter- masters stores. I am, sir, very respectfully, yours, most obediently, iSAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General Commanding. HEADQUARTERS U. S. AGENCY, Dr. Jenkins Plantation, & xint ilelena Island, December 10, 1861. Brig. Gen. ISAAC I. STEVENS, Commanding & cond Brigade Expeditionary Corps: Sin: I scud you herewith copies of the letters of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman and Chief Quartermaster Expeditionary Corps 11. Saxton, captain, U. S. Army, appointing me agent for the United States Gov- ernment to take possession of all the cotton, commissary and quarter- masters stores, aud all public property that I may find in auy part of the State of South Carolina deseited by the inhabitants; also a copy of my letter appointing James A. Snydarn my assistant, with full authority with myself. I have taken possession of all the property on Saint Hel- ena, Ladies, and Cat Islands, and have directed Lieutenant Hamilton, of the Fifth Company, and Lieutenant Graham, of the Eighth Company, ~eventy-ninth Regiment New York State Militia, to collect and (leliver to me all the property on those islands. Mr. Suydam will establish his headquarters at Be~ufort, for the purpose of taking possession of all the property, as directed in my instructions. Respectfully, yours, & c., WM. H. NOBLES, United ~tates Agent. [Inclosures.] HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITJON~LRY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., December 3, 1861. WILLIAM II. NOBLES, Esq.: SIR: The inhabitants of the deserted islands having been warned of the destruction of their property by the negroes and invited to return and take charge of their plantations, with a promise of ample pi-otec- ti~n to all loyal citizens, and such invitation and promise of protection having been set at naught by their refusal to return and by several instances of ordering their cotton to be burned, I deem it proper to take steps for the preservation of as much of this article as practic~i~)le,in order that such disposition may be made of it as the Government may direct. You am-c therefore appointed an agent of the United States Government to collect and put into store, at the most convenient ])oints occupied by the United States troops, such quantities of cotton as you may find in any part of the State of South Carolina deserted by the inhabitants. A correct and explanatory statement will l)e ma(lc by you weekly to the headquarters, showing the amount of cotton stored, its quality, whether baled or unbaled, from whose plantation obtained, and all o her information which in your judgment may be necessary to convey a correct idea of its value and the fixing of its ownership, so that the Government will not be at a loss to dispose of the question Page 201 CHAP. XV.~ CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 201 of its disposition or of remuneration to its owners if such questions should arise. You will employ negroes in picking, collecting, and packing the cot- ton, who on your vouchers, properly made out and certified to, will be paid by the Quartermasters Department. Your services will oc com- pensated by allowing you 6 per cent. on the market value of the cotton stored as above. Very respectfully, & c., T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. OFFICE CHIEF QUARTERMASTER EXPEDY CORPS, Fort Welle8, ~S. C., December 6, 1861. Thereby appoint James Adrian Suydam my assistant iu the execu- tion of the above orders from Brigadier-General Sherman aud Captain Saxtou and of all future orders from their departments to me as agent for the United States Government, his orders and directions to be obeyed as mine, and his acts as ageut to be recognized by me. WM. II. NOBLES, United AS~tates Agent. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF PORT ROYAL Beaufort, S. C., December 10, 1861. WILLIAM H. NOBLES, Esq., Collector of Cotton: SIR: I have received your letter and inclosures of this date, claiming that you are authorized to take possession of the cotton in the deserted l)Ortions of South Carolina, and also of all other public property. The instructions of Brigadier-General Sherman clearly give you authority to collect, gin, and pack cotton. I am not advised of the extent of your authority in regard to quartermaster and commissary stores. The letter of instructions of Captain Saxton does riot give the intormation. I have, however, to inform ~OU that I have taken military possession of Ladies Islan(l, and shall proceed to collect and take charge of such quarter- master and commissary stores as my parties may take possession of. not interfering, however, with your operations in collecting cotton on that island or the quartermaster or commissary stores you have already collected. I shall not permit you to establish an agency at Beaufort or to inter- fere in any way with the steps already Liken by the commanding gen- eral to collect the cotton and the quartermaster and commissary stores ou Port Royal Island and its dependencies. I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient, ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. PORT ROYAL, S. C., December 10, 1861. General MEIGS, Washington, D. C.: DEAR GENERAL: After the representations of the medical director, and my own observations as to the great number of deaths here and the continued sickness among the troops, I gave the quartermaster di- rections to put up a temporary hospital to accommodate 300 men. Thi Page 202 202 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAP. XV. is not a healthy climate; not near as healthy as the Potomac. The actual temperature has but little to do with it; it is the deadly malaria that arises from the swamps and the very sudden changes from hot to frosty cold. Tlie mortality here is alarming, considering the season of the year. I have not directed any temporary barracks, and of course they will not be constructed without directions from Washington. The hos- pital will not cost much. it is to be single story and very temporary. Beaufort will answer for the sick we may have there, but it will be absolutely necessary to have one here, especially in the summer, and this point must be occupied, for the whole safety of the harbor depends on it and Bay Point. The thing was so absolutely necessary, that I gave Captain Saxton his directions, I presume, before he wrote to you on the subject. It will cost but little more than an ordinary store-house of the same dimensions. Our labor here is enormous. Thus far the negroes have rendered us but little assistance. Many come in and run off. They have not yet been organized to an extent we desire. The large families they bring with them make a great maiiy useless mouths. Before longafter they have consumed all they have on the plantationsthey will come in in greater numbers, and no doubt will give us many laborers; but where we get one good, able-bodied man, we have five to six women and chil- dren. They are a most prolific race. In fitting out this expedition an opportunity for marching rapidly into the interior was not anticipated. The object was to seize on two important points of the coast and hold them for the protection of our blockading squadron. Therefore no more transportation was taken along than sufficient for the purposes of wood, water, and drayage of quarter- master and commissary stores, and only boats enough to assist in land- ing. Indeed, the number and description of boats I had nothing to do with; that was left to Captain DuPont. I have always regretted this, as we would have been far better off had we relied entirely on ourselves and not had to trust to the Navy. I am at times perfectly helpless with- out the Navy, and had I not depended on them, I have not a doubt but we would have been able to land at the time of the fight, and, if not as- sisted in reducing the work, at least have taken the whole garrison pris- oners. Captain DuPont always insisted that he would be able to and would put us ashore, but two things prevented: First, the loss of all his ferry- boats; and, second, his failure to supply me, according to promise, with oarsmen from his ships. I repeatedly asked him, when in New York, if there woul(l be any uncertainty in his fulfilling that promise, and if there were the least I desired to know it then, in order to take measures to J)rovide for it in time. He repeatedly assured me there was none, and that he would see that I was landed. So you see that I have been com- pletely at his mercy. I never wish again, general, to co-operate. It is a thankless task. As it turned out, I was compelled to agree not to attempt a landing. Had I known how things were to turn out, I should have made quite different arrangements in many things, afl(l, among them, should have conic down here equipped perfectly, independent of the Navy. We have now a wide field before us, but we want boats, cavalry, and more force. The enemys line extends from the Ossabaw Inlet through Savannah and upon the railroad beyond Pocotaligo, and we have to choose on which point of that extended and well-garrisoned line to make a main attack, which point must depend on the amount and description of means at our disposa Page 203 CHAP. XV.1 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 203 We have not yet gone down to F. The Navy had to send fcr more ammunition, and we have been constantly employed on our depot and base. Events multiply, and it is impossible to say exactly what we shall do or how we shall do it. Had I the means, I would have been on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad long ere this. Movements on water, through winding and shallow creeks, with men nuaccustomed to boats, is slow, tedious, and ticklish, and I have got to see my way pretty clear now before attempting it. It is hoped that a plenty of boats will be soon sent here. Very truly, yours, T. W. SHERMAN. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. (1., December 14, 1861. General LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. 0.: SIR: I have the honor to submit the following to the consideration of the General-in-Chief and to the War Department: The object of this expedition was to seize upon at least two important points of our Southeru coast, and hold the same for the protection of our l)lockading squadron when compelled to seek a harbor, as well as to create something of a divcrsiou in fiwor of our aruiies in the field. After the tadug of Port Royal it was intended to proceed to Fernan- dma and get possession of that harbor, but in consequence of circum- stances unnecessary here to particularly relate that part of the expedi- fion has not yet been accomplished, and, although I have been for some time prepared for it, a still farther delay arises from the fact that the gunboats of the Navy have first to be occupied iu the work of disposing of the stone fleet just arrived from the North; but our operations result- ing from the capture of Port Royal have become so developed as to lead to the occupation of Saint Helena Sound, the Tybee, and, in short, to the full possession of the coast from South Edisto to Tybee, and. to which may be added Warsaw and Ossabaw Sounds, which, if not yet occupied by us, have been deserted by the enemy. In the meami time there is a formidable strategic line formed and form- ing in our front, its right resting on Green Island, in Vernon River, passing by Thunderbolt, or Augustine Creek, at both of which places there are earthworks mounted with heavy guns, through Fort Jackson, Savannah, and thence along the line of the Savannah and Charleston Railroad indefinitely towards Charleston, this line having its principal bodies of troops between Vernon River and Savannah, at Savannah, ilardeeville, Graham yule, Coosawhatchie, Pocotaligo, Saltketcher, & c., and its most advanced posts at Pulaski, New River Bridge, Bluifton, Port Royal Ferry, & c. The object of this line appears to be to resist an invasion of the main-land, and not to attack the occupied coast, which, from all that can be learned, the enemy have concluded they cannot maintain, and given up all idea of doing so. It may be hence inferred that the main object of the expedition has been already acco:n- plished, and that the point of Fernandina is now of so secondary a character as to render it not only almost insignificant, but the operation of taking it actually prejudicial to the great work which the develop- ment of circumstances appears to have set before us. I am aware of the good effect that the capture of this place woul Page 204 204 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAr. XV. have on the public mind, but the military is the oniy point of view that should be taken of it. It is no point from which to operate, and will probably fall of itself the moment Savannah is occupied by our forces, and therefore the resources of tlie Navy and Army here shoul(l be hus- banded for a more important operation, viz, the attack of the enemys line the moment preparations can be made. The precise point of the hostile line to be struck and mode of at tack cannot now be specifically set out without first knowing the means to be placed in our hands, and must therefore be lett to time and circum- stances; but in my judgment, with the necessary means, Savannah should be the point, an(l to be accoruplished somewhat in this way: Pulaski to be vigorously shelled, as already recommuended in a former communicatioli; at the same time the gunboats of the naval squadron to shell out the garrisons of the forts on Vernon and Augustine Rivers, to be closely followed up by the landing of the land forces in the vicinity of Montgomery and Beaulieu, thus taking Augustine River, Fort Jack- son, and Savannah in reverse; this operation to be connected at the same time with one from this point on Bluifton, New River Bridge, and Hardeeville, to get effectual possession of the railroad crossing the Sa- vannah River, and prevent re-enforcementS arriving at Savannah from the center and left of their line. A small head of column shown at Port Royal Ferry would have its effect in aiding this demonstration. I am firmly convinced that an operation of this sort would miot only give us Savannah, but, if successful and strong enough to follow up time success, would shake the so-called Southern Confederacy to its very foundation. Not knowing precisely what forces the enemy may have available, mt is difficult to estimate for the men and means necessary to the success of this operation. But I must modify the terms of my letter of the 27th November, which did not look to this precise operation, and reconunend that the one regiment of cavalry, one regiment of regular artillery, ten regiments of infantry, and one pontoon bridge be extended to one reg- iment of cavalry, one regiment of regular artillery. and twenty regiments of infantry, and as many pontoon bridges as can be sent here. An ad- dition to our armament will also be required to enable us to carry on a siege, if necessary, for which the ordnance officer will make requisition. I do not say but the thing can be done with less troops, but it would be better to have too many than too few, particulariy as any success should be followed up rapidly and with sufficient force. I must, at the risk of being considered importunate, again repeat the necessity of hav- ing some more experienced staff officers, particularly a quartermaster of rank and great experience, artillery officers, and, if they cannot be had, ordnance officers. All our work, which is immense, is done by volunteer soldiers, and it all drags for the want of a sufficient number of able directors. The negro lab or expected to be obtained here is so far almost a failure. They are disinclined to labor, and will evidently not work to our satis- faction without those aids to which they have ever been accustomed, viz, the driver and the lash. A suddemi change of condition from serv- itude to apparent freedom is more than their intellects can stand, and this circumstance alone renders it a very serious question what is to be done with the negroes who will hereafter be found on conquered soil. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 205 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 205 HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. 0., December 15, 1861. General LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. 0.: SIR: For the information of the proper authorities, and for fear lest the Government may be disappointed in the amount of labor to be gathered here from the contrabands, I have the honor to report that from the hordes of negroes left on the plantations but about 320 have thus far come in and offered their services. Of these the quartermas- ter has but about 60 able-bodied male hands, the rest being decrepit, and women and children. Several of the 320 have run offi Every in- ducement has been held out to them to come in and labor for wages, and money distributed among those who have labored. The reasons for this apparent failure thus far appear to be these: 1st. They are naturally slothful and indolent, and have always been accustomed to the lash; an aid we do not make use of. 2d. They appear to be so overjoyed with the change of their condi- tion that their minds are unsettled to any plan. 3d. Their present ease and comfort on the plantations, as long as their provisions will last, will induce most of them to remain there until com- pelled to seek our lines for subsistence. Although comparatively few have thus far come in, it is therefore probable that in time many will, and if they are to be received and taken care of sonie provision should be made to cover them. They are a prolific race, and it will be found that for every able-bodied male there will be five to six females, children, and decrepit. It is really a question for the Government to decide what is to be done ~vith the con- trabands. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. P. S.Besides those who have come in there are many still on the plantations eiriployed in gathering cotton. HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE EXPEDY CORPS, Beaufort, 5. 0., December 16, 1861. Captain LouIs II. PELOUZE, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen. B. C., Port Royal, S. C.: SIR.: I inclose, for the informatiou of the brigadier-general command- ing, reports received from Cot. B. C. Chi-ist last evening and early this morning, in regard to affairs at Port Royal Ferry, and also a report from Mr. Rockwell,* received early this morning. From these reports it will appear that the channel of the river is not obstructed sufficiently to prevent the l)assage of the lighter-dranght gun- boats~ and that the enemy has no guns in position. 1 have endeavored to make all portions of the command vigilant and attentive, especially at the ferry, and ~tnr having nightly careful inspections of the pickets and camps in that quarter. The gunboat which went up Port Royal River day before yesterday did not proceed to the ferry, but made the main-land some three and one- half miles to the right of or below the ferry, and yesterday morning was anchored off of Lanes Point, Ladies Island. At 8 oclock last evening * Not found Page 206 206 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [Cuir. XV. I sent a dispatch to the captain of the gunboat, urging him to proceed to the ferry, but on its arrival, about 11 oclock. at the point, the gun- boat had left and gone in the direction of Saint Helena Sound. Such is the report of Lieutenant Lyons, who bore my dispatch. I will again urge with all possible earnestness that a gunboat be sent without delay up Broad River and through the Port Royal J)assage, and if this meets your approval, I trust you may succeed in getting Corn mo- dore DuPont to disp atch one to-day. I shall telegraph~ to this effect this morning. It is my purpose to go to the ferry in the course of an hour or two, and may remain there until to-morrow evening; but I shall make arrangements to have your dispatches forwarded without delay. I am, sir, very respectfully, y our most obedient servant, ISAAC I. STEVENS, Brigadier- General, Commanding. [Inclosuro No. LI HEADQUARTERS PORT ROYAL FERRY, Dcccmber 15, 1861. General ISAAC I. STEVENS, Commanding Port Royal District: SIR: I have to report that no demonstration of a hostile character has occurred on the part of the enemy since my last dispatch, save a report (verbally) from Captain Elliott, Company 1, Seventy-ninth New York Regiment, that 400 men appeared last evening on the shore occnl)ied l)y the enemy about 1 mile above Seabrook. Captain Elliott reports, through Major Morrison, that he mounted a log on two cart-wheels and ran it on the beach, which had the effect to scatter the enemy in all directions. Lieutenant Colonel Brenholts, accompanied by Lieutenant Kellogg, Company K, Fiftieth Pennsylvania Regiment, with four men, left Port Royal Ferry yesterday morning at 9 oclock and proceeded down the river (on our right) 24 miles, taking soundings of the channel 14 miles below the ferry (on right). Stockades were driven and timber sunk, so as to leave but 7 feet of water in the channel at low tide, but the obstruc- tion does not extend half way across the river. Our side of the channel is clear (the enemy from some cause or other having abandoned the work before finishing it). I wish it distinctly understood that I ani correct in this, that not one-half the channel is obstructed; that the obstructions are all on the enemys side, and, if necessary, could be easily removed; further, that Lieutenant-Colonel Brenholts reports outside ot the obstructions a channel 112 feet wide, with 12 feet of water at low tide an(I 19 feet of water at high ti(le. This is reliable, and so far as our observations extend, no other obstructions exist in the channels. Our pickets are so posted as to command the shore from Seabrook to a point opposite a brick-yard 24 or 3 miles below the ferry (our right), said brick-yard being separated from that portion of the island we occupy by a stream, supposed to be the outlet of the stream crossed by a bridge 4 miles from Beaufort. Discovered that the point on which the brick- yard is located is occupied by a detachment from the Eighth Michigan Regiment, nuder Captain Elder. Pickets have been posted from the point last indicated to Seabrook, and every precaution taken to guard against surprise. I would add that on the opposite shore, 2 miles below the ferry (our right), what was supposed at first to be a picket station of the enemy on a more careful examination proves to be a Page 207 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC UNION. 207 entire regiment. Nothing further or more definite than that contained in my previous dispatch has been ascertained relating to the guns snp- posed to be mounted opposite to and commanding the causeway. The outer pickets (on onr right) report that this morning at 8 oclock a white steamer landed on the enemys shore about 34 or 4 miles below the ferry (onr right), and remained there about one hour; what it un- loaded, if anything, or what it took on board, they cannot say. All of which is respectfully submitted. B. C. CHRIST, Col. Fiftieth Regt. Pa. Yols., Comdg. Port Royal Ferry. Llncloslire No. 2.] HEADQUARTERS PORT ROYAL FERRY, December 15, 18619 oclock. General IsAAC I. STEVENS, Commanding Port Royal District: SIR: Your dispatch just received. Have no knowledge of pile driv- ing to the left (or right) of the ferry. The party who gave you the in. formation must have mistaken the chopping of wood for the driving of piles. I am certain that it is not so. They cannot (i. e., the enemy) do anything, from Seabrook down to 24 miles on the right of the ferry, but our pickets must see them, either day or night. No pickets asleep on post last night have been reported to me. I will inquire into the matter, and if any pickets have been guilty of neglect of duty they will be promptly arrested and their names reported to headquarters as soou as practicable. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, B. C. CHRIST, Cot. Fiftieth Reyt. Pa. Vols., Conzdg. Port Royal Ferry. PORT ROYAL, S. C., December 19, 1861. General MCCLELLAN, Commanding U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: DEAR GENERAL: I have received your kind letter of the 5th, * and hasten to say that I think that the trip to Fernandina is lost for the present. I have been in readiness for some time, keeping all the vessels destined thither waiting for the Navy to be ready, but have found that the latter has a new job on its hands, viz, the convoying aimd sinking the vessels of the stone fleet; also, for reasons already given in an offi- cial letter, I believe that the public interests will be much advanced by deferring it nowit has been postl)oned so long. It was unfortunate that the naval fleet had to send to more ammunition after the afihir of Port Royal, as Fernandina would have been taken themi without munch trouble, and no doubt it could be easily taken now; but it has been re-enforced, and fresh artillery sent there. It has a garrison of about 1,300 men and four forts, one of which is on Cumberland Island. Fort Clinch, though never yet finished, has a partial armament. We have understood that Brunswick has quite a large garrison, but cannot find out any particulars. Commodore DuPomit thinks he will be ready for Fernandina in a week or two, but I am inclined to believe that the wants of Tybee and Saint Helena will divide him too much until those places are made perfectly secure. Already the Georgians are making serious threats on Tybee, * Not found Page 208 208 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. and I had to send General Wright down there yesterday with another regiment, and DuPont has sent three of his gunboats, in addition to two vessels he had there. Tatnall is busy reconnoitering with his fleet, an(l Pulaski has been filled with men during the past few days. They may probably make a desperate effort to retake it before our guns are up, but every care will be taken that they do not. I have opened the passage around Port Royal Island, which the enemy attempted to close, but their batteries fired into our boat and hit her once, doing no damage. As it will be some time before proper preparations can be made for Savannah, I am inclined towards seizing upon the south end of the Charleston and Savannah Railroad as soon as I can get the cavalry. To do this I must be sure of success, for it is quite a vital point in our success on Savannah. I think it can be done at a dash, properly exe- cuted, but then the security of our communications will have to be looked to against forays from Coosawhatchie, a point on the railroad strongly fortified. I have tried to get this railroad destroyed, but thus far without success, though our party has not returned. As to the point of Charleston, of which you desire me to speak, I will have the pleasure of writing you in a day or two. If we are to operate inward, I think another light battery here very necessary, as well as a regiment of cavalry and infantry, as stated in my official communication. Very truly and respectfully, T. W. SHERMAN. FORT WELLES, HILTON HEAD, S. C., December 20, 1861. General INI. C. MEIGS: M~ DEAR GENERAL: I have received your letter informing me that all my requisitions on Colonel Tompkins were to be filled. I shall use every endeavor to carry out your views with regard to economy. I have thus far and shall continue to erect buildings of most tempo- rary character, consistent with utility. Immediately upon the reception of your first, I took steps to collect the cotton, and was so far successful as to send about the vahie of $30,000 of it by the steamship Atlantic, consigned to Colonet Tompkins. By the Vanderbilt, which has just arrived, came the agent of the Treasury Department, and I have turned the whole business over to him. He finds the parties all organized, in successful operation, so that he will have little to do but take the credit of collecting a couple mill- ions dollars worth of cotton. I very much wish, general, that you would visit Port Royal. It is b~t seventy hours sail from New York City, and your stay here could be governed entirely by the time at your disposal. I think you would 1)e able to get a better i(lea of its wants an(l of our successes already achieved or in prospect than any I could give by letter. The steam- ship Atlantic will leave New York in a few days after this reaches you for this place. I am very sure that your visit would ~)rove pleasant to yourself and advantageous to the service. I have endeavored to carry out your suggestions with regard to burning the bridges, with what success the future may disclose. Some of my contraba:ids inform me that they have beeu expecting that Charleston would be burned, and they think the negroes did it. General Sherman has strengthened the occupation of Tybee Islan Page 209 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC UNION. 209 by an additional regiment, and guns are being put in position bearing on Fort Pulaski; the garrison in that place is about 2,000. I think before long we shall have accounts of the burning of Savannah. I do not think, however, that we can advance upon either it or Charles- ton without re-enforcements. With great respect, I am, general, yours, sincerely, II. SAXTON. PORT ROYAL, S. C., December 21, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War: Sin: You will pardon me for writing to you in this direct manner, but the newspapers of the country appear in some degree (lissatisfied that we have not moved ahead, and it may be that the Government shares in this feeling. I have for a long time been ready to move to Fernandina, but the Navy is not, even now; after the commodore had waited for his amma- nitiou from the North a new job fell upon his hands: the convoying and sinking the stone fleets. And it is now so uncertain when the Navy will be ready, that my attention has been turned off from that expe- dition to objects which the development of circumstances is bringing about, and have kept the Department duly advised of my acts and my views. The operations on the main and towards Savannah were not antici- pated in preparing the expedition. We have no cavalry yet, and are not sufficiently supplied with field artillery. We came prepared to take possession of certain harbors and fortity them; that is all. All the boats furnished were prepared by Commodore IDuPont, only sufficient, or what were thought to be, for landing purposes. It must therefore be easily seen that any move of our troops into the interior of South Caro- lina, under the circumstances, was a sheer impossibility. I could long ago have landed and established part of my force on the main, but I have particularly avoided doing anything of the kind until I can ascer- tain what means are to be furnished me for moving onwards. There are several points to be chosen, and it would not answer to reveal that point to the enemy before I am ready to immediately follow up the movement. No one is more anxious than myself to push on and crush out this rebellion, but there is some judgment and proper prudence to be exercised in this matter. I do not desire to initiate a failure. Our base is now well, very well, established, an& C am ready to move as soon as I can get some cavalry and proper re enforcements to insure and follow up success. The point of Savannah is now the point, but, to say nothing of the public interest, my own professional reputation would not permit me to make dashes without ob~ject and without lasting result. The work be- fore us is a great one. It requires thought, system, and prudence. I have presumed to write you thus, as I am pained to believe that there is a growing distrust among a portion of the people as to the activity and usefulness of this portion of the Army. The amount of labor and activity here I would gladly submit to the judgment of the most enlightened men. We have done all that men can properly do under the circumstances. With the highest respect, your most obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. 14 R RVOL V Page 210 210 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. IV. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. 0., December 22, 1861. General LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant- General (A S. Army, Wa8hington, D. 0.: SIR: I have just been informed by Commodore DuPont that a recon- naissance, under Commander Drayton, with the gunboats Pawnee and Seneca, has discovered that the rebel forts at both South and North Edisto are abandoned and gnus withdrawn. He also states that a camp of 500 men, in the vicinity of North Edisto, left with their arms on the approach of the gunboats, leaving tents, provisions, and camp equipage in his possession. I think it would be well to occupy Edisto Island, and would do so with part of my own forces were it not necessary to remaiu here as much concentrated as possible, to be ready for movements already con- templated. Troops pushed up towards Stono Inlet at this time would produce a good effect at Charleston. From all the information I can gather the South Carolinians are strongly fortifying Charleston Neck and James Island, on the Stono River, and are removing some of the guns from Fort Sumter and the islands for that object, evidently snpposing that Charleston is to be attacked by land. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. PORT ROYAL, S. C., December 23, 1861. General GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN, U. S. A.: DEAR GENERAL: I have not yet been able to see Commodore Du- Pont, but have thought somewhat of the Charleston problem, which is rather difficult to solve, and will demand much thought; but the prem- ises on which much of the data must be based are that the South Carolinians have long come to the conclusion that Charleston is to be attacked by land. Some time ago they removed several of the barbette gnus from Sumter and guns from the island batteries to place on the Neck. They have abandoned Edisto Island entirely and removed the guns to some works they have thrown up on the StonoI believe three in number, including the one at the mouth. Several vessels have been sunk in this river. They are making, therefore, a desperate effort to prevent a lauding on James Island. What they have done on the north side of Charleston I have not learned. Without looking at the thing satisfactorily, yet I am inclined to the opinion that the easiest way to take or destroy the city is by the route of Sullivans and Morris Islands, erecting batteries there, carrying Moultrie, seizing on Point Pleasant (making a demonstration by Bulls Bay, if necessary), and reducing Sumter, then bringing forward the Navy and shelling the city, assisted by mortar batteries on land, if necessary; but the objection will now arise to this that the channel has been stopped up by a stone fleet. If so stopped, of course this mode would not be so convenient, though it will be very possible to shell Charleston from Sumter and Point Pleasant and other points that will readily be seized upon wheim Sumter has fallen. I have heard it said however b Navy that,if found necessary for the , y officers of the gunboats to enter Charleston Harbor, it can yet be done. As soon as I can get Captain DuPonts views I will write again Page 211 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 211 I believe that the South Carolinians are under the conviction that we are about to strike their center by Port Royal Ferry. We want to keep up the delusion, and if I only had some cavalry would feel justified in moving the bulk of our force to the southern end of the railroads and shutting off South Carolinia from Savannah, and preparing the way to effectually take the city by the southern route. I have written also for another battery of light artilery. Very respectfully and truly, T. W. SHERMAN. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, Dccember 26, 1861. Brig. Gen. THOMAS XV. SHERMAN, Commanding, Port Royal, S. C.: GENERAL: Your letter of the 21st is received. You are correct in your belief that there is a growing distrust among a portion of the l)eople as to the activity and usefulness of this (your) 1)ortion of the Army.~~ I do not share in that distrust, for my confidence iii your ability is very great. I must confess, however, that I am constrained to believe that all the operations of our Army have been too much delayed, and that there has been too great a desire to avoid responsi- bility rather than force the enemy into early action. The fi~ct seems to be overlooked that while we are l)reparing our enemy is also engaged in preparation, and that, being in his own country, he caim (10 50 much more rapidly than ourselves. It will give me much pleasure to hear from you frequently. I shall be especially glad at this time to know the actual force under your command, the number of troops you need, and the kind of which you are most in want. You refer in your letter to a waut of cavalry. This is the first intimation I have had that any were needed by you. Let me know the number reqnired and they shall be sent at once, as well as any other force that you may dcciii necessary. At this distance from the field of your operations this Department will not attempt to give you specific instructions. You will have to rely upon your own judgment, in which I have every confidence; but let me add that I trust you will soon be able to accomplish something. Winter is now half over; spring is coming, and our forces must soon be useless in a region so far south. I am, general; very respectfully and truly, yours, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. PORT ROYAL, S. C., December 26, 1861. General MCCLELLAN, U. S. A., Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I have been unable to get Commodore DuPont to in- vestigate with inc the problem of Charleston, and, as time is important, I have conferred with Captain Gillmore on the subject confidentially, and after the most serious deliberation of his views and my own have come to the conclusion that but two modes suggest themselves as practical operations: First. In the l)reliminary taking of Sullivans and Morris Islands and the reduction of Sumter from these two points. When Sumter is reduced, the naval fleet to pass into the harbor and shell the city, wit Page 212 212 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. assistance, possibly, of the Army, that will have obtained possession of Point Pleasant in the mean while. When the city is thus reduced the country around will probably become abandoned, and a base thus formed for further offensive operations. Second. In operating by Stono Inlet and Stono River, getting pos- session of James Island, and shellimig the city from the northern side of the island leavino Sumter and Moultrie intact, to fall of themselves. The difficulty in operating on this line consists iu the preparations the enemy have made ou Stono River for the defense of James Island. So far as I have been able to learn they consist of two forts near or at the monthone near itsjunction with Wappoo Creek and one at Guerins Ferry. Several vessels, too, have been sunk in the river at points not yet ascertained. Now that the channels entering Charleston Harbor have been blocked up by stone vessels (except Maffitt~s Channel, the shoalest) the first plan seems impracticableat least until nature opens a new channel, which time alone can ditermine. The operation will probably have to be confined to the second plan, assisted, probably, by a demonstration by way of Bulls Bay; and if a landing can be effected on fast land not far from the mouth of the Stono, after the taking of the forts near the mouth, a victorious battle fonght on James Island will enable ns to plant siege batteries in a position for the effectual shelling of Charleston. At a rough estimate I should consider the means neces- sary to be 20,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry, two light batteries, thirty siege pieces, with a sufficiency of 8 and 10 pounder mortars. Two or three pontoon bridges also would be necessary ft)r operating about the Stono and James Island. If the railroad to the north is to be so cut as to open that side to demonstrations from the north, I would diminish the assailing force at least one-third. I inclose the views of Captain Gillmore, to which I have agreed in most points. Very truly, yours, T. W. SHERMAN. P. S.I am still waiting to hear from you in the way of re-enforcements. I really do not consider it prudent to make a grand attack on the main without cavalry. The enemy has a plenty of it. Would prefer vastly my general plan carried out, as expressed in official letter of the 14th instant, but, to quiet the public mind, which is getting furious, would make a dash on the railroad at once if I had cavalry to assist me and boats enough. [Tnclosure.] OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER EXPEDITIONARY Con~s, Hilton Head, & C., December 25, 1801. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Corps, Hilton Head, S. C.: SIR: In response to your verbal directions to me I have the honor to submit a plan, or rather the prominent features of a plan, for obtain- ing possession of the city of Charleston, S. C. Three projects for attaining this object, naturally suggest themselves for our examination, viz: 1st. By way of Morris and Sullivans Islands, involving the reduction of Forts Sumter and Moultrie, Johnson, and Castle Pinckney, and the subsequent bombardment of the city. The fall of Forts Sumter and Moultrie would insure the success of this project if the Navy could co- operate with us afterwards Page 213 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 213 2d. By way of Stono Inlet and River and James Island, taking Fort Johnson, and leaving Forts Sumter, Moultrie, and Castle Piuckney on the right for the time being. We could not occupy Fort Johnson, how- ever, until Sumter had been reduced. 3d. By way of Bulls Bay, leaving all the forts in the harbor on the left, and taking the city in the rear by XVando and Cooper Rivers. The Bulls Bay project presents the greatest (lifficulties in the way of land and water transportation; would probably for other reasons be the most difficult of execution, and I therefore would not recommend a prin- cil)al attack in that direction. A feint there in force would in my opin- ion very materially second the initial steps of any offensive operations on James Island via Stono River. As between the other two projects I distinctly fttvor that by James Island for the following prominent reasons, with out going into details, viz: First. The recent blockade of the channels leading into Charleston Harbor by old hulks. Although it will most likely eventuate in open- ing one good channel for vessels of moderate draught, it will, for some time to come at least, practically exclude any effective co-operation of the Navy in a direct attack from the sea; Second. The complete success of the first project (by first reducing the forts) would neither give us the possession of Charleston as the ob- jective l)oint nor a good base of operations, unless we had all of James island also; while, Third. If we have James Island we command and can even hold the city, and of course secure all the real advantages which its possession is sul)posed to confer, even if the forts in the harbor (that is, Sumter and 1~1oultrie) remain in the hands of the enemy. Fourth. The attack by James Island would render it necessary for the Navy first to shell out the battery or batteries oii Stono Inlet and River, so as to secure to us the undisputed command of those waters up to the first good landing place on the island, probably Tarubulls. Hav- ing a footing on the island, we would have to fight a battle for its pos- session. If beaten, a position on the south of the island could be main- tained against very great odds, even in the absence of any active assist- ance from the Navy. It would be equally necessary to fight and gain this battle on James Island in order to hold and occupy Charleston, even if we first cap- tured the harbor per se by reducing the forts by a siege. Once in pos- session of James Island and holding the sea, the forts hill into our hands in due time as a matter of course. The reduction of Fort Sumter, or even Fort Moultrie, with an investment by water only, is a matter of no small moment. As an isolated movement, not really seconded by descent on other important points of this coast, I would consider the following force suf- ficient to carry this project by James Island into effect. Our knowledge of the extent of the preparations against such an attempt by us is quite meager, and radical modifications of this plan may be necessary so far as it relates to the proportion of the different arms when a thorough reconnaissance shall have placed us in possession of more facts. I should consider the following as simply a near approximation to what is required, viz: 14,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry, 12 pieces light artillery (two light batteries), 20 siege guns, with a large proportion of 20-pounder and 30-pounder Parrott guns. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Q. A. GILLMORE, Captain, and Chief Engineer Expeditionary Corps Page 214 214 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. PORT ROYAL, S. C., December 27, 1861. General GEORCiE B. MCCLELLAN, Commanding U. $. Army: DEAR GENERAL: The Ocean Queen arrived yesterday with a mail, but brought no news of any cavalry. Had I cavalry and another light battery this would be a fine opportunity to strike for the railroad and cu~ oft Savannah, and thus prepare ourselves for operations south of it. It is absolutely necessary to do something here soon, without waiting for our armament for P L S . The rebels are exceedingly active. They are erecting earthworks aroand Port Royal Islandone, I understand today, on the Asliepoo, above Otter Island, and another below Thunderbolt, on Skidaway island, making two on this last island. Iii a word, they are erecting a cordon of earthworks, armed with heavy cannon, a certain distance from the coast, just far enough back to avoid fire from gunboats. I shall try to organize a dash on the forts about Port Royal Island, and also to the railroad, if not running too much risk without cavalry and artillery. It will require much consideration. It would not do to sustain here a defeat. We are badly in want of boats, too. We are quite secure here now. The place is well fortified, and can be held by 2,500 or 3,000 men against any force that can be brought against it. Had I the means, now is the time to do something. These fellows are getting stronger and stronger every day. Very truly, yours, T. W. SHERMAN. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., January 2, 1862. Maj. Gen. GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN, U. S. A., Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I ordered a dash on the enemys batteries opposite Port Royal Island, but no doubt you will have perceived the object of ad- vancing no farther, which the public will not. I want to make no real movement in that direction, yet I want the enemy to think I do, which he evidently does. I want to make a great dash on the north side of Savannah River, thus occupying the road to that city, the whole coun- try between Broad River and Savannah River, an(l the southern end of the railroad, and at the same time, if found practicable, the islands in this river north of Pulaski. But to do this I must have a regiment at least of cavalry and at least another strong battery of light artillery. Circumstances are develop- ing themselves wonderfully here. The time has come to act; every days delay now is a sad loss. Let me take possession of that country now, and the siege of the south of Savannah will be comparatively light and easy. I think Pu- laski need not be shelled. I can cut it off I think. Important information has been obtained with regard to the topog- raphy of the country about Savannah River which we never knew before. I hope to lay the whole subject before you in an official and topographical form as soon as it can be prel)ared. But we are so hard L)ushed for proper engineers that they have no time for office work. I think a terrible blow struck here will aid your important work most materially, but we must have cavalry and light artillery. You, general, are to be the savior of this country, if it is saved. Let me aid you i Page 215 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 215 the work. But I must act militarily, and not to please the superficial and nonsensical views of the public press, by which I have been soundly berated for not playing the inilitiaman and egotistical soldier. I am, general, yours, truly, T. W. SHERMAN. OFFICE CHIEF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEER E. C., Hilton Head, S. (1., January 2, 1862. Capt. Louis II. PELOTJZE, E~fteenth Ii~fantry, A. A. A. G. Hdqrs. B. C., Hilton Head, S. C.: SIa: In accordance with the verbal itistructions of the general com- manding I have made an examination of the land and water between the Cooper and Savannah Rivers, and have to report as follows: The communications between Cooper and New Rivers by the channel around the north side of Long Pine Island are practicable and compar- atively easy at all times for vessels of 10 or 12 feet draught. Soundings to a distance of 2 miles beyond Boxs plantation were made, and show nowhere less than 18 feet water. From this fact and those referred to in my former report (evidence of the negroes,tides, & c.) there is no doubt that boats of the draught mentioned can pass up New River to or even beyond Red Bluff or Whiteheads Landing. From Bloody Point, the western extremity of Daufuskie Island, through Bull or New River to Walls Cut and thence both by Wright and Mud Rivers to the Savannah, accurate soundings were made. They show a sufficient depth of water throngh the lower entrance of Wright River for gunboats of 15 feet draught, but from the cut to the Savan- nah by the Mud River Channel only boats o1 6 or 7 feet draught can pass at full flood tide. The former route conducts into the ship chan- nel of the Savannah about 2 miles above Fort Pulaski, the latter about 6. Walls Cut is straight, about 250 yards long, and has a water-way of near 100 feet. At the distance of 120 yards from either end a bark 90 feet long and 24 feet beam has been sunk; beyond her three rows of square piles have been firmly driven into the bed of the stream froni side to side. Originally the bark was placed directly athwart the chan- nel, completely obstructing it, but she is at present lying diagonally across it, with a water-way of 20 feet on both sides. An examination revealed the fact that there is but little mud or ballast in her, and, in- stead of being stationary, she swings and careens with the tide. When first visited she was at least 20 feet from the first line of piles, careened into the direction of the tide. When I returned four or five hours after- wards she was in the same place, but careened in the opposite direction. ~Then visited the second time her stern had drifted against the piles, partly removing several. From these circumstances I conclude that little difficulty will be experienced in removing her entirely from the cut. The piles, thirty-three in number, of squared timber, are on the far- ther side of the vessel, arranged in three rows, so as to completely close the channel, but from the softness of the soil into which they are driven they can be removed quickly and easily by attaching an anchor chain to each, hitching to a tug-boat, and running her at full speed from it. All the islands between New and Savannah Rivers are low salt marshes, subject to overflow at full flood tide aided by strong winds, and are impracticable for the transportation of troops or stores. Long Isl- and and all the other islands in the Savannah below Fort Jackson are of the same character. Wright River, although navigable for some distance, has no othe Page 216 216 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. practicable communication with the Savannah than those described above. It runs throughout its entire course through the marsh and fin~lly becomes lost. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. WILSON, First Lieutenant Tojpo. Engrs., and Chief Top. Engr. B. C. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY Conps, Port Royal, S. C., January 4, 1862. General LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: Reconnaissances are being made on both sides the Savannah River to ascertain the practicability of getting gunboats into it from either or both sides and establishing batteries on the islands between Fort Pulaski and Savannah, and thus cutting off Pulaski and reducing it without the slow and expensive mode of bombarding it from Tybee. I have already had the creeks and inlets on this side examined, and the result of the examination is this: 1st. Steamers of light draught can get into the Savannah River from this side, entering it by the south end of Jones Island, about 2 miles above Fort Pulaski, provided it may be found practicable to remove the obstruction placed across Walls Cut, which consists of a brig 90 feet in length sunk across it and secured by three rows of piles. 2d. That Jones Island and Long Island are entirely marsh, and that it is hardly practicable to construct batteries upon them. It is believed, however, that 1)atteries may be erected on Elba Island, above both the former, though our party did not examine it. Important information, moreover, has recently been received of a route possibly practicable for small gunboats from Warsaw Sound into the Savannah Itiverq turning the forts now on Skidaway Island and Thunderbolt. Captain Gillmore leaves to-day to examine the Wilming. ton Narrows for this object. I am just sending off a party to attempt removing the hulk and piles in Walls Cut. I hope to be soon able to report some of our command in the Savan- nah River. I should at once seize upon all the country between here and Savannah River, including the south end of the railroad, if I had some cavalry and more light artillery. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Comma~n ding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., January 7, 1862. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th ultimo. I feel thankful for the confidence still reposed in me, and trust that I may do nothing that will diminish it. The intimation in my letter of a want of cavalry was made with a view of bringing your mind to the subject in case my previous letters to the Adjutant-General had not reached the attention of the Department. I Page 217 ChAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 217 my letter of the 15th of November I mentioned the subject. In my let- ter of the 27th November 1 asked for not exceeding a reginient, and in a letter of December 14 repeated the request. From the letters above referred to it may be seen that if we attack Savannah on both sides a very large force will be requisite. I think the force should be sent, so that we can not only meet any emergency and attack in the manner that circumstances will prove to be the best, but so that we can have a force large enough to follow up rapidly our success. I am trying to open Walls Cut, and, if successful, the Navy, I think, will be able to throw gunboats into Savannah River, and we to erect batteries oii some of its islands, cut off~ Fort Pulaski, shell Fort Jackson, and afterwards the city, without the slow and expensive process of first bombarding Pulaski. The north side of 8avannah will also have to be looked to, and I pro- pose taking possession of that district of country as soon as 1 can get some cavalry and more light artillery. But should we be not successful in getting into Savannah River, the siege of Savannah will be imperative in order to take it. This will require extensive operations from Ossabaw Sound in addition to those north of Savannah River. I have made all the necessary estimates for the operation. The actual force under my command is 14,768, rank and file, including about 600 in Saint Helena Sound, 3,000 on Port Royal Island, 200 at Fort Seward, 1,400 at Tybee, leaving about 9,500 on hand in Hilton Head. I calculate to have available for the field out of this force, say, 9,000 men. These troops are all infantry except one company of light artillery. Before a step can be taken towards the enemys forces we should have a full regiment of good cavalry and at least another battery of light artillery. The number of additional troops we need I would estimate at 10,0~O infantry, 1,000 cavalry, one regiment of regular heavy artillery, and one or two light batteries; but, whatever number of infantry, the cav- alry is indispensable. 1 have just received the latest news from Savannah, which confirms that received the other day, that there are about 20,000 men in and around the city, among which some two or three regiments of cavalry and four batteries of light artillery. Besides the works on Skidaway Island at Thunderbolt and Green Island, and the masonry work of Fort Jackson, the city is being covered with a line of intrcnchmcnts. The force in our immediate front is estimated at about 9,000 men, stationed on the railroad between Savannah River and Pocotaligo,. among which are said to be about two regiments of cavalry and two batteries of light artillery, besides some earthworlis at various points. I have the honor to remain, with the highest respect, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- 4Yneral, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. OF TEE Ani~iy, A. G. 0., No. 3. f Washington, January 11, 1862. I. A new military department, to be known as the Department of Key West, is hereby constituted, with the following bounds: Key West, the Tortugas, and the main-land on the ~vest coast as far as Apalachicola and to Cape Canaveral on the east coast Page 218 218 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. Brig. Gen. J. M. Brannan, U. S. volunteers, is assigned to the com- mand. * * * * * * * By command of Major-General McClellan: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. ADJuTA~T-GETqERALS OFFICE, Washington, January 13, 1862. Major- General DIX, Baltimore: Send to General Wool, at Fort Monroe, by this evenings boat, the folio wing order: On the arrival of the steamer Constitution from Boston, send lier to Port Royal, with her troops, to re-enforce General Sherman. L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. 0., January 15, 1862. To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. AR~IY, Washington, D. 0.: SIR: I have the honor to ask the attention of the War Department to a subject upon which I have before hinted, but which is of so much importance, that I cannot refrain from again intruding it upon its notice. Of the large numbers of negroes on the islands in our possession some have come into the camps and obtained work, bringing with them their families. These are, therefore, cared for, and the work of the able- bodied men, numbering probably one out of five or six of a family, will be sufficient, with the rations issued, to support them. Those still remaining on the plantations are now living on the corn and potatoes left there, and when these are all consumed the negroes will be in a suffering condition or thrown upon the commissariat of the Army for support. For the fature maintenance of these people some system must be established, and one which will permit them to sustain themselves; but before they can be left entirely to their own government they must be trained and instructedinto a knowledge of personal and moral responsi- bilitywhich will be a matter of time. I have, therefore, the honor to recommend that suitable instructors be sent to them, to teach them all the necessary rudiments of civilization, and secondly, and in the mean time, that agents, properly qualified, be employed and sent here to take charge of the plantations and superintend the work of the blacks until they are sufficiently enlightened to think and provide for themselves. They should receive wages, and the profits of the plantations, after all expenses are paid, should go to the Government. I can see no other way to lay a groundwork for future usefulness with this unfortunate class of people. I would also suggest that a quantity of negro clothing be sent out here as soon as practicable, and this should include stuff for womens and childrens wear. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, ~7ommanding Page 219 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 219 OFFICE CHIEF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEER E. C., Hilton Head, S. C., January 18, 1862. Capt. Louis H. PELOUZE, EWteenth U. S. L~fantry, A. A. A. G., Headquarters B. C., Hilton Head, S. (1.: Sin: In accordance with the verbal instructions of the general com- manding, I accompanied Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. Navy, in a boat reconnaissance of the channel from Tybee Roads, by Bloody Point. through Bull River, Walls Cut, and Wright River to the Savannah, and have the honor to state that the opinions exl)ressed in my report of Junuary 2 are confirmed in all essential particulars, and that there is no longer any doubt in my mind concerning the practicability of passing our gunboats and lighter transports at high tide into the Savannah 2 miles above Fort Pulaski and entirely beyond the effective fire of that work. The channel leading from Wright River into the Savan- nah gives, according to the soundings made during the reconnaissance under the direction of Lieutenant Barnes, U. S. Navy, at least 5 (7) feet of water at mean low tide, which, added to the mean rise of the tides, would give a draught of 12 (14) feet for navigation under the most unfavorable circumstances. The only point upon which there is any doubt is the width of the channel. On this my mind is convinced, and the pilot, Mr. Godfrey, says he has no fears whatever of being able to take through any gun- boat drawing 12 feet of water. Herewith I inclose a sketch, taken from the Coast Survey charts, showing the additional soundings made by Lieutenant Barnes. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. WILSON, First Lieutenant, Top. Engrs. and Chief Top. Engr. B. C. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CoRPs, Port Royal, S. C., January 20, 1862. ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: Reconnaissances of Savannah Ricer had led me to the belief that Savannah might be taken by a combined operation of the Army and Navy by operating in the river itself which would save the slow and expensive process of bombarding Pulaski by cutting it from Savannah, and also the slow process of besieging Savannah from the south, as recommended in my letter of the 14th December. Could Savannah have thus been taken at once, any future obstructions and defenses in the vicinity of Savannah by the river would have been prevented. A combined reconnaissance, however, made by Commodore Rodgers, of the Navy, and Lieutenant Wilson, of the Topographical Engineers, subsequently, has led to a report from the former officer that the navi- gation of some portions of the Savannah River is too hazardous to attempt the running of gunboats and transports up the river without further examination. It has therefore been agreed upon by Commodore DuPont and myself to at once commence this examination in force. This movement is par- ticularly calculated to the cutting off of Fort Pulaski, and will do it, I believe, effectually Page 220 220 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ClAP. XV. In the mean while any operations by land on the north of Savannah River will be out of the question, because of the want of boats, wagons, and light artillery, none of which expected have yet arrived. In case we find it practicable to effect a landing at or near Savannah by this route, I think it would be judicious and even necessary to send the force heretofore asked for as promptly as possible. As the process is a slow one, the enemy will have an opportunity to accumulate im- mense forces at that point, and we should be strong enough to make the thing sure. The Atlantic I am keeping waiting, and must therefore close In haste. Very respectfully, T. ~. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CoRps, Hilton Head, S. 0., January 31, 1862. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, & e.: U-ItNERAL: I inclose for your consideration a brief draught of pro- l)osed operations with the forces under my command. It is drawn up from my recollection of the place, and may need modification alter con- sultation of the map of the locality, a copy of which I asked for in my communication of this morning. If I am not niuch mistaken in my rec- ollections of the locality, the whole plan is feasible, though for its full success more troops would be desirable in case time enemy is in large force. I feel confident, however, that a part, and perhaps the whole, may be carried out with the present force. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. Cl. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. [Inclosure.l I propose landing on the shore of Amelia Island, to engage and cnt off, if possible, the retreat of the rebel forcethe landing to be beyond the reach of his batteries; the town of Fernandina to be taken posses- sion of as soon as possible, as well as the railroad beyond. A floating force (naval) should be pushed as rapidly as possible up the Amelia River past Fernandina, to intercept the retreat of the rebels, to prevent the destruction of the railroad bridge, and to save any rolling stock of the road that may be at Fernandina. A portion of the land force may be pushed into the interior by the railroad, if thou ght desirable; and another portion, taken on board the gunboats, may be sent up Cumber- land Sound, to intercept the retreat of the garrison on Cumberland Island. Our reliance is on the squadron for boats for landing the troops and for cover in landing. It is of the highest importance to the full success of our operations that the wharves at Fernandina, which the enemy will no doilbt attempt to destroy, should be preserved. They will afford the means of putting troops on board the transports or gunboats fQr the further operations with great rapidity, and facilitate the landing of stores, & c. H. C-. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General. HILTON HEAD, January 31, 1862 Page 221 CHAP. XV.1 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 221 HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CoRPS, Steamer Empire City, Warsaw Sound, Ga., February 3, 1862. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN, fc.: GET~ERAL: I have the honor to report that we succeeded in getting into this harbOr yesterday with the two vessels in tow of the Empire City without any important damage. Yesterday the weather was too stormy for vessels to lay alongside each other, and hence nothing could be done toward coaling, watering, & c. To-day, however, the weather is moderating, and work is going on with all dispatch. The men are so crowded on board the Cosmopolitan and Boston that I shall be compelled to transfer some from each to the Marion, and take the latter on the expedition, according to the understanding I had with the chief quartermaster, Captain Saxton. Part of the medicines to have been forwarded by the medical director have not come to hand, accord- ing to the report of the brigade surgeon. I shall use every endeavor to have the transports ready by the time the naval force shall be ready to move. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, / H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., February 5, 1862. General M. C. MEIGS, Washington, D. C.: DEAR GENERAL: The light-draught steamers, which we understand left New York for this place a long time ago, have not arrived, neither the boats, wagons, & c., which Saxton has been so long expecting. I fear now, as the season has so far advanced, we shall do little but simply garrison the coast. I am not my own master. My master thus far have been the exigencies created by want of means and facilities for operating in a way desirable to both ourselves and the country at large. Savannah should have been in our possession by this time, not in the way expected by the anxious public on our arrival here; for of all the visionary and impracticable ideas that could have been invented, noth- ing could have equaled that of marching on Savannah on landing here; but by a distinct process, in combination with the Navy, either in besieg- ing it by Montgomery, or taking it by the horns by boldly ascending the Savannah River under cover of the gunboats. For the former mode our siege material has never arrived. For the latter mode the opportu- nity has now unfortunately passed, and if we can, after such delay (which is no fault of the Army), succeed in cuttiiigoff Pulaskis communications, well do well. My firm conviction is that if the gunboats could have been induced to enter the river as early as the 17th or 18th of last month, when Walls Cut was then opened, and the enemy had no guns mounted at Savannah but those on Fort Jackson, Savannah would have fallen without a resistance of five hours duration, but it could not have been taken by the land force alone in that way. As Savannah seems out of our grasp for the present, we shall go down to Fernandina as soon as the Navy is ready. Very truly, yours, T. W. SHERMAN Page 222 222 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY Conps, Port Royal, AS. G.~ February 9, 1862. To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. A., Washington, D. C.: Sin: The imperative necessity of putting the blacks in the way of avoiding starvation before the planting season expires without a draw on the commissariat to an extent that would cripple the service, and for other reasons suggested in the general order which I herewith inclose, has induced me to the measures mentioned therein. I would respectfully ask for a speedy replyto this communication, and should the plan be generally approved, then how far I shall be authorized to hire instructors. This is a I)oint whereon I have enter- tained some doubts. I firmly believe, however, that the general agent of instruction should be employed by the Government, if not all the instructors; but the latter, the district or sub-instructors, may possibly be provided by the public charities. This step which I have taken is of vital importance, and to be bene- ficial for the present year must go into operation at once. The present condition of the blacks, daily increasing in numbers and daily diiniu- ishing in their resources, must be alleviated both for their own welfare and the great cause itself. No correct census has yet been taken, but I estimate the number of blacks now on land in possession of our forces to be at least 9,000, which is probably a low estimate. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. [Inciosurel GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, No. 9. Hilton Bead, ~ C., February 6, 1862. The helpless condition of the blacks inhabiting the vast area in the occupation of the forces of this command calls for immediate action on the part of a highly-favored and philanthropic people. The occupation of a large portion of this area of country on the 7th of November last led to an address to the people of South Carolina, briefly settimig forth the causes which led to it, its objects and purposes, and inviting all persons to the reoccupation in a loyal spirit of their lands and tenements and to a continuance of their avocations under the auspices of their legitimate Government and the protection of the Constitution of the United States. The conciliatory and beneficent purposes of that proclamation, except in a few instances, have not only been disregarded, but hordes of totally uneducated, ignorant, and improvident blacks have been abandoned by their constitutional guardians, not only to all the future chances of anarchy and starvation, but in such a state of abject ignorance and mental stolidity as to perclude all possibility of self-government and self-maintenance in their present condition. Adequate provision for the pressing necessities of this unfortunate and now interesting class of people being therefore imperatively de- manded even by the dictates of humanity alone, an additional duty, next only in importance to that of the preservation of a world-revered Constitution and Union, is now forced upon us by an unnatural and wicked rebellion Page 223 CfliP. Xv.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.~UNION. 223 To relieve the Government of a burden that may hereafter become insupportable, and to enable the blacks to support and govern them- selves in the absence and abandonment of their disloyal guardians, a suitable system of culture and instruction must be combined with one providing for their physical wants. Therefore, until proper legislation on the subject or until orders from higher authority, the country in occupation of the forces of this command will be divided off into dis- tricts of convenient size for proper superintendence. For each of these districts a suitable agent will be appointed, to superintend the manage. meut of the plantations by the blacks; to enroll and organize the will- ing blacks into working parties; to see that they are well fed, clad, and paid a proper remuneration for their labor; to take charge of all prop- erty on the plantation, whether found there, provided by the Govern- ment, or raised from the soil, and to perform all other administrative duties connected with the plantations that may be required by the Government. A code of regulations on this subject, as well as a proper division of districts, will be furnished in due time. In the mean while, and until the blacks become capable themselves of thinking and acting judi- ciously, the services of competent instructors will be received, one or more for each district, whose duties will consist in teaching them, both young and old, the rudiments of civilization and Christianity, their amenability to the laws of both God and man, their relations to each other as social beings, and all that is necessary to render them competent to sustain themselves in social and business pursuits. For an efficient and complete organization of this system there will be appointed two general agents, one to have a general superintendence over the administrative or agricultural agents and the other over the educational department. II. The above system is not intended in any respect to interfere with the existing orders respecting the employment of contrabands by the staff department of the Army and by the cotton agents. III. As the blacks are now in great need of suitable clothing, if not other necessaries of life, which necessity will probably continue and even increase until the above system gets into working order, the benev- olent and philanthropic of the land are most earnestly appealed to for assistance i~ relieving their immediate wants. Never was there a nobler or more fitting opportunity for the opera- tion of that considerate and practical benevolence for which the North- ern people have ever been distinguished. By order of Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Actg. Asst. Adjt. General. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Steamer Empire City, War8au Sound, Ga., February 10, 1862. General THOMAS W. SHERMAN: GENERAL: I send the steamer Marion to Hilton Head to-day to procure certain articles of property, officers supplies, & c., left behind, which have become essential to the health and comfort of the command, with orders to the captain to return as soon as the objects of the trip are attained, or sooner if the remainder of the expedition should be sooner ready Page 224 224 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. xv. The troops have been landed and are in camp on Warsaw Island, but the debarkation has been made under unfavorable circumstances on account of the weather, and I fear the health of the command may suffer in consequence. So far the health of the men has been good, notwith- standing the confinement; much better than at Hilton Head. A good deal of activity is exhibited by the rebels in their works at the Skidaway battery. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, II. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Expedition. IIEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, A. G. 0., Washington, February 12, 1862. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, U. S. A., Commanding, & c., Port Royal, S. C.: SIR: The General-in-Chief directs that you send about 300 or 400 contrabands to Key West, to be employed on the public works there. I am, & c., L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, February 12, 1862. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding, Port Royal: GENERAL: You will learn by the mail that brings you this of our success in the West and East. The line of the Tennessee is open to us. Our gunboats have reached Florence, Ala., after taking Fort Henry, on the line between Tennessee and Kentucky, and we hope to hear to-day that Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland, has also been taken. Burnside has most gallantly carried Roanoke Island, with some loss, but inflicting terrible destruction upon the enemy. All their positions are taken, their fleet of gunboats captured or destroyed. Our raw troops, according to the rebel accounts, behaved most gallantly. General Meigs has just informed me that he has ordered a large num- ber of small boats. He is not yet informed of their leaving port. I have to-day a dispatch from Philadelphia in regard to shipping forty-eight surfboats ready there to go to Port Royal. They will go forward at once. I have been daily expecting to hear more definite accounts of what can be done in the Savannah River and of the possibility of starving out Fort Pulaski. While awaiting further re-enforcements, and while the rebels are pushed so much in other quarters, I would suggest for your cOnsi(leratiOn whether, by reducing your garrisons to the mini- mum, a successful combined attack cannot be made on Savannah so soon as Pulaski has fallen. In great haste, I am, general, very truly, yours, GEQ. B. MCCLELLAN, Major- General, U. ~ Army, Commanding Page 225 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 225 IHEADQUAETERS OF THE Washington, Eebruary 14, 1862. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding at Port Royal, fc.: GENERAL: Your dispatches in regard to the occupation of Paufuskie Island, & c., were received to-day. I saw also to-day for the first time your requisition for a siege train for Savannah. After giving the subject all the consideration in my power, I am forced to the conclusion that under present circumstances the siege and capture of Savannah do not promise results commensnrate with the saci-ifices necessary. When I learned that it was possible for the gun- boats to reach the Savaiinah River above Fort Pulaski, two operations suggested themselves to my mind as its immediate results: First. The capture of Savannah by a coup de maiwthe result of an instantaneous advance and attack by the Army and Nav~. The time for this has passed, and your letter indicates that you are not accountable for the Ihilure to seize the propitious moment, but that, on the contrary, you l)erceived its advantages. Second. To isolate Fort Pulaski, cut off its supplies, and at. least facilitate its reduction by a bombardment. Although we have a long delay to deplore, the second course still remains open to us; and I strongly advise the close blockade of Pulaski and its bombardment as soon as the 13-inch mortars and heavy guns reach you. I am confident you can thus reduce it. With Pulaski you gaiii all that is really essential; you obtain complete control of the haibor; you relieve he blockading fleet, and render the main body of your force disposable for other operations. I do not consider the possession of Savannah worth a siege after Pulaski is in our hands. But the possession of Pulaski is of the first iInI)ortanee. The expedition to Fernandina is well, and I shall be glad to learn that it is ours. But, after all, the greatest moral effect would be produced by the reduction of Charleston and its defenses. There the rebellion had its birth; there the upuatural hatred of our Government is most intense; there is the center of the boasted power and courage of the rebels. To gain Fort Sumter and hold Charleston is a task well worthy of our greatest efforts an(l considerable sacrifices. That is the problem I would be glad to have you study. Some time must elapse before we can be in all respects ready to accomplish that purpose. Fleets are en route and armies in motion which have certain preliminary ob~jects to accomplish before we are ready to take Charleston in hand, but the time will before long arrive when I shall be prepared to make that movement. In the mean time it is my advice and wish that no attempt be made upon Savannah, unless it can be carried with certainty by a coup de main. Please concentrate your attention and forces upon Pulaski and Fer. nandina. Saint Augustine might as well be taken by way of an inter- lude, w-hile awaiting the preparations for Charleston. Success attends us everywhere at pi-esent. Very truly, yours, GEG. B. MCCLELLAN, Major- General, Commanding U. S. Army. 1~b R HVOL V Page 226 226 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CilAr. XY. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. 0., February 15, 1862. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. 0.: Sm: As I informed you on the 8th instant, General Viele had orders to erect his battery on the Savannah River, wh ther the ~4avy could assist him or not. Accordingly a battery of six siege guns ,was erected at Venus Point, on Jones Island, on the night of the 11th instant, and fortunately without molestation from the enemy. In order to render the blockade of the river ~omplete, a similar bat- tery is to be erected at the head of Long Island. The prepa~ ations fbr this have, like the other, been ready ever since the day of the reconnais- sance, the 28th of January. As the naval gunboats cannot be prevailed upon to enter the river, I have given General Viele orders to likewise erect this battery without them, which I think will be done without much hazard, now that the Venus Point battery is up. Commodore DuPont will leave two or three light-draught gunboats in Mud River, which will probably tend to cover our batteries from gun- boats of the enemy coming down the Savannah and attempting to take us in rear by way of Mud River. I have sent a 10-inch columbiad down there, which will now be neces- gary without the aid of the gunboats. General Wrights troops are yet in Warsaw Sound, waiting for the Navy. Our delays since the middle of January have grieved me to almost a state of mortification. The season is rapidly passing; we can work six weeks longer, and probably twelve. sow, if anything serious is to be done in that time over and beyond the expedition that is about to stait, I will state candidly and explicitly what will be requii-ed at once: All the means of transportation that hake been asked for (which I believe have been ordered but which have never got here); the mortars and siege equi~)age (which are gradually arriving, though none of the 13-inch nre here yet), and 10,000 infantry troops. The great extent of coast we have had to garrison and guard has absorbed a good portiop of our troops. The mortar battery against Pulaski will go up as soon as the mortars arrive. Savannah is out of the question with our present force, particularly after the detachments to Fernandina and Edisto Island, which I did not desire to make at present; but, in order to do something in the absence of our ability to get on the main for want of transportation, was compelled to do so. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, - T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. [Indorscinent-J The 10,000 infantry asked for are not at present available. Recom- mend to General Sherman to reduce Fort Pulaski in preference to attempting Savannah. GEG. B. McCLELLAN, Major- General Page 227 CRAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 227 WAR DEPARTMENT, February 18, 1862. Col. DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, Assistant Quartermaster- General, New York City: COLONEL: You are hereby directed to furnish transportation by sea from New York City to Port Royal, S. C., to all persons who may present to you written permits, issued under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, and setting forth that such persons are proceeding to Port Royal, under the sanction of the Government, upon business relating to the collection, safe-keeping, and disposition of cotton, rice, and other property abandoned by persons inhabiting any district within the late territorial limits~of States declared by proclamation to be in insurrec- tion, and to the condition and employment of persons of color, there or in the vicinity, lately held to service or labor by enemies of the United States, and now within the occupying lines and nnder the military pro- tection of the Army. Said permits will specify whether the transporta- tion shall be cabin or steerage, and will cover all baggage, agricultural instruments, and other articles mentioned therein. You will also make suitable provisions for supplying said passengers with food during the voyage. Permits signed by the collector of the customs at New York City will be regarded by you as emanating from the Treasury Department. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, February 18, 1862. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding at Port Royal, S. C.: GENERAL: You are hereby directed to afford protection, subsistence, and facilities, so far as may be consistent with the interests of the serv- ice and the (luties and the objects of your command, to all persons who may Present to you written permits, issued to them under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, setting forth that said persons have jiroceeded to Port Royal under the sanction of the Government, for the collection, safe-keeping, and disposition of cotton, rice, and other prop- erty abandoned by the late possessors within your military department, and for the regulation and employment of persons of color lately held to service or labor by enemies of the United States, and now within the occupying lines and under the military protection of the Army. Such permits, signed by the collector of the customs at New York City, will be considered by you as emanating from the Treasury De- partment. Under the head of subsistence will be included rations to such per- sons as may be employed under the direction of the Treasury Depart- ment in the temporary charge of abandoned plantations, or, with its sanction, in labors for the instruction and improvement of the laboring population. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. ENGINEER OFFICE, February 21, 1862. [Maj. Gen. GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN]: DEAR GENERAL: The inclosed pages were drawn up by Colonel Woodhury at my request. I do not suppose you will have time to rea Page 228 228 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAP. X~. them; but you may skim over them to get the main points, and the information may be nseftil in directing future operations. It is hardly likely you would care just now to get up an expedition of the magni- tude reqnired to take Charleston (it appears to be the most difficult point of the whole coast; I mean its forts), but you might hereafter find oc- casion to attack. Fort Pulaski takenand that ought to be taken s;)eedilyperhaps Shermans and Burnsides army might unite upon Charleston. Woodbury thinks that Burnside can take Forts Macon and Caswell; if so, it may be a qnestioii whether he had not better take these than go to Goldsborough. J3ut all these things are conjectural, and I give you the data, as much as I can, to post you for whatever may turn up. If those Tennessee prisoners are really disposed to take the oath of allegiance, would it not be a wise policy to let them go home ~ We want to raise the State in our favor as speedily as possible. You had better return me these notes as soon as you have glanced at the~, as they will be of more use in my hands than yours just now. Yours, respectfully, ~. ~. BARNARD. [Inclosure.] CHARLESTON HARBOR.NOTES RELATIVE TO AN ATTACK. ~Te may assume that we have not now the means required t& carry the formidable works of Charleston Harbor by a coup de main. History fur. nishe.s no precedent of the success of such an undertaking, but does fur- nish many examples of failure. In the war of the Revolution a pretty formidable British deet failed in a contest with old Fort Moultrie. Since that I)eriod the power of fleets has been greatly increased by the use of steam and of iron-plated vessels of war; but the fortifications of Charleston Harbor have gained power Perhal)s in equal ratio. It is quite 1)Ossible that a few iron-clad steamers, assisted by other vessels, might silence Fort Moultrie, and batter down the walls of Fort Sumter in a very few days, and that the same fleet might take in succession all the other fortifications now in possession of the revolutionists But we have no such fleet, and cannot have for many months. We are com- pelled, therefore, to resort to the old methods. I regard, ho~vever, as essential to success at least two iron-plated steamers of great power; four such steamers, 1 believe, would insure success; six, easy success. The attack would comprise, I think, the following operations, the three first to be nearly simultaneous: 1st. Landing on Sullivans Island ~ind promptly investing Fort Moultrie. 2d. Landing on Morris Island with artillery to reduce Fort Sumter, including some twenty rifle cannon of large caliber. 3d. Two or more iron-clad war steamers must run in, under cover of partial darkness or of a fog, and take a l)osition in Rebellion Roads, to keep off re-enforcements from Sumter and Moultrie. 4th. The erection of gun and mortar batteries against the forts, can- nonade, bombardment, breaching, and finally assault, if necessary. 5th. Sumter and Moultrie taken, Castle Piuckney to be reduced by continued cannonade and bombardment from the iron-clad and other vessels. Some of these vessels may probably be able to take a position behind the fort. 6th. As soon as Sumter and Moultrie are taken the city of Charleston will be virtually in our hands, unless the Confederates have powerfu Page 229 CHAr. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 229 batteries on both Cooper and Ashley Rivers; for the iron steamers at least may pass by Castle Pinckney without much damage Still, to possess the harbor, it would be necessary to take that work, and it would be easy to do so by au attack on all sides after the capture of the works above mentioned. Fort Johnson and the other works around Charleston would, I think, be al~andoned by the enemy. I will now briefly discuss the modus ojperandi and the details, pre- mising that all our knowledge of the channels and of the adjacent harbors is derived from the charts and notes of the Coast Survey and from the excellent map of Col. Hartman Bache, of the Topographical Engineers, published in 1825. I have myself, as light-house inspector, been somewhat familiar with Charleston Harbor, and have passed through the inner channel from that harbor to Bulls Bay. BASE OF OPERATIONSADJACENT HARBORS. Bulls Bay, 21 miles east of Fort Moultrie, is an excellent harbor, of easy entrance, with 13 feet on the bar at low water and 18 feet at high water. This place is said to be fortified. There are sand hills imme- diately behind the light-house, some 50 feet above the water, with a cOunter-s1ol)e and ravines affording excellent cover for infantry. if the fortifications have been placed on these hills, which are, accord- iiig to my recollection, about one-fourth tidle from the beach, it will be necessary, probably, in order to seize them, to assail by land as well as by water. Troops may be landed from boats on the beach, as Professor Lache states, about 3 miles fiom the northeast bmW. I am disposed to think the enemy would abandon this place, if they have not already done so, as soon as they perceived that an attack was to be made in force. If they make a stand, the entire garrison ought to be captured. With one or more irdn-clad vessels and some vessels of small draught and armed barges we can, I think, take possession of the entire channel around Bull Island. Escape by water would be impossible. Escape by land could only be made at low water through the marshes at the divide, and this I think would be very difficult. The next inlet of any importance, proceeding towards Charleston, is Den-ces Inlet, 9 miles from Fort Moultrie, with 7 feet on the bar at low water and 12 feet at high water, and a good anchorage inside. Breach Inlet, at the eastern end of Sullivans Island, about 3 miles from Fort Moultrie, can be entered by boats and barges at high water. Passing by Charleston Harbor, the first inlet west is Light-House Inlet, ~A miles west of Fort Sumter and less than 1 mile from Charleston light. Boats entering here can pass though interior channels to Stono River and to Charleston. Stono Inlet, about 8 miles westerly from Charleston main bar, has about 8 feet at low water and probably 13 feet at high water. It is sai(l to be fortified. North Edisto Inlet, 18 miles southwesterly from Charleston Bar, has 13 feet at low water and 19 feet at high water. It is, or has recently been, in our possession. CHANNELS OF CHARLESTON HARBOR. Sallivans Island Channel, recently obstructed by stone ships, has 11 feet at low water, 16 or 17 feet at high water. North Channel, still open, 8 feet at low water, 13 or 14 feet at high water Page 230 230 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. WHir. Xv. Swash Channel, still open, 9 feet at low water, 14 feet at high water. Main Ship Channel, obstructed, 13 feet at low water, iS or 19 feet at high water. Lawfords Channel, open, 7 feet at low water, 12 feet at high water. TIME, PLACE, AND MANNER OF LANDING. Our southern Atlantic beach is aiway rough on the flood tide what- ever be the wind. It is always rough on the ebb tide with any cozi- siderable onshore wind. But an ebb tide with no wind, or a slight oii- shore wind, or any kind of offshore wind, secures a good lauding. As these conditions are not fulfilled every day, or indeed every week, and as they cannot be predicted many hours ahead, it is necessary to have a rendezvous at haiidthe nearer the better. 1 am disposed to think there should be two such places: Bulls Bay for the Moultrie party, North Edisto for Sumter. The interior channels from each of these l)laces to Charleston Harbor may perhaps be used as auxiliary direc- tions of attack. The inside channel from Bulls Bay enters Charleston Harbor at the point of Sullivans Island, three-fourths of a mile from Fort Moultrie. It has of course a divide between each two inlets, and these divides, beingn early or quite bare at low water, will pass boats or vessels drawing 4 or 5 feet at high water. As the high water occurs on all these divides at the same time, it would generally be necessary for vessels drawing 4 or 5 feet to use several tides in going through. More- over, the channel passes occasionally near the Banks, or narrow islands, which skirt the beach, and at these points a few field pieces would make the navigation difficult. Enough has been said to show that we could not safely use this inside channel without first taking possession of the Banks. It is quite possible, however, that at the moment of landing on the beach of Sul- livans Islaiid a few armed barges, having entered at Breach Inlet or Dewees Inlet, might make a useful diversion in the rear. LANDING ON SULLIVANS ISLAND. The island generally is about one-fourth of a mile wide. Along the central part, about 14 miles from Fort Moultrie and 24 miles from Fort Sumter, along a reach more than oue-half mile long at high water and during two or three hours after high water, gunboats of 10 feet draught can lie or maneuver within 300 yards of the beach. Un(ier cover of their fire, and particularly of their cross-fire, good infantry, I think, could land and effect a footing. Once in possession of a strip of time island extending back to the marsh, they could lace right and left, and, with the continued aid of the gunboats, first take possession of the eastern end of the island, then advance upon Fort Moultrie within range of its guns, and commence the operations of a siege. But the preliminary operation in this case is not without its difficul- ties and its doubts. If the enemy has notice of t lie attack and suspects the point of attack; if he has strong inclosed batteries at that point, with large bodies of infantry behind the sand hills supporting those batteries, the undertaking would seem to be too hazardous. There is another mode of attack which ought to be undertaken at the same time. The success of either will be sufficient. I allude to an attack upon the eastern end of Sullivans lsland. Small craft, drawing not more than 3 feet, made proof against musketry and field artillery, armed with musketry and boat howitzers, can be brought up in an Page 231 CHAP. NY.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 231 mituber from Dewees Harbor, only 6 or 7 miles off, and make an attack which it would be very hard to resist. Once landed iu force, aided by the gunboats on one flank and perhaps by the same small craft on the other, our tmoops could, I am confident, without serious difficulty, drive the enemy down to Fort Moultrie, whatever batteries he may have along the beach. If we can obtain these small vessels of the right kind and in sufficient mininber I should think this last attack the most promising of the two. Preparations for the other, however, should by no means be omitted. There is in common use in North Carolina a small craft called a flat, drawing, when not loaded, about 15 inches, carrying from 10 to ~0 tons, with a center-board, schooner-rigged, strong, easily man- aged by two men, fast-sailing, open, but seaworthy, as I know by experi- ence, capable of carrying the timbers or bales of wet cotton necessary to make them shot-proot They would answer the purpose in hand, I think, admirably. LANDING- ON MORRIS ISLAND. I should recommend here the same preparation for a real or pretended attack on the beach and a simultaneous attack by small ci-aft on the west end of Morris Island. Whether it will be best to make these attacks on Morris Island simultaneously ~vh]i similar attacks on Sifili- vaiis Island or to let the one follow the other at the interval of a day or two. I will not pretend to say. it must depend on the means at hand. Simultaneous attacks are certain] y desii-able. Preliminary to the attack by small craft omi the ~vest end of Morris Island it may be necessary to take possession of Stono Inlet and Folly Island. Vessels of 12 feet draught enterin~ at. Stono inlet can be taken along the channel immediately behind Folly Island to the divide, 2 miles from Light-flonse Imilet. This divide, ac(ording to flartman Bacie, has 1 foot at low water; 5 or 6 therefore at high water. There are several other channels from Stono to Light-House Inlet. The character of the country is such as to make it improbable that the enemy should make a stand around Folly Island. Once landed on Morris islamid, our troops would, I think, aided by the gunboats, easily drive the enemny down that nan-ow strip of land, and probably capture those who had not the means of immediate escape. As soon as possible after landing on the two islands two or more iron-plated vessels should take a j)ositiOn in Rebellion Roads. OPERATiON IllTO PREVENT RE-ENFORCEMENTS. Time extent of the harbor is such that the vessels may lie at anchor or maneuver 14 miles from Fort Sumter and Castle Pinckmmey, and as near Fort Johnson on the south and Haddrells beacon on the north as it may be safe to go. These vessels could muake it difficult for anything but small boats to pass from the city to the forts, a.nd at the proper time, by a reverse fire, they could gi-eatly assist in the reduction of the forts. OPERATIONS AGAINST FORT MOIJLTRIE. This is an irregular open barbette work, covering about 24 acres of ground. it has three land fronts and thm-ee water fronts. The steam- boat landing at the point of the island and ilme road therefromn to the foit are secum and commanded by a half bastion front 213 feet long, with nine gumus, of which two are on the flank. The next land front fimcing the cove north of the fort is a regular bastion 405 feet long, with one gun o Page 232 232 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. each face and two on each flank and room for more. The next front, directly opposed to our approaches, is a bastioii front 244 feet long, with two guns on each flank, one on one face, two on the curtain, and room for three more. Next a water front 121 feet long, with five guns. Next a water front 251 feet long, with twelve guns. Next a water front 173 feet long, with nine guns. The guns are stated in accordance with the intended armament of the fort. The guns actually furnished by the United States before the fort was seized by the Confederates were as follows: Four 24-ponuder howitzers; ten S inch coluinbiads; five 8-inch sea-coast howitzers; four- teen 32-pounders; six teen 24-pounders. The fort had been supplied with its full armament, and the Confeder- ates have probably added all they found room for. In 1860261 Captain (now General) Foster made some repairs and additions, wbich are thus described by him: A wet ditch, 15 feet ~~id e all around the fort, of small depth, in consequence of quick- sand, the latter rea(lily yielding to pressure, is a good obstacle in itself. A picket fence all around the fort, bordering the (litell, and protected from tire by a small glacis; a bastionette for musketry at the iorthwest angle; a temporary machicoulis gallery at the southeast angle; two capoajeres of bricks to flank the three water fronts; inerlous on the whole of the east front. The Confederates have a(ided merlons on the water fronts, and it is probable that most of the guns may now be fired from embrasures. The ~uns are all in barbette, unless some casemate guns (howitzers) have been l)laced in the caponieres added by Captain Foster. The entrance is through the mi(l(lle of the longest bastion front, This is or was the sally-port through the curtain ot the other bastion front. Our ap- proaches along the island will be ol)I)osed by a very Short bastion front and by one flank of the other bastion front, mounting ten guns in all. The longest front, which contains the main emitralice, ~vi~l be enfiladed. There can be no dilneulty in bi-eaching the work and dismounting its guns, l)rovide4l we can a(lvance along the narrow strip of land in places not more than 250 yards between water lines and cut oft re-enforce- ments. If the enemy can carry oft his wounded, renew his men and means at will, it will be d~thcult to obtain any advantage over him. His base of operations is close at hand, and he can build l)atteries in the sand as well as we cami; moreover, he has every motive for fighting at this l)oint desperately. Jiemice the necessity, alrea(ly urged, of isolat- ing the place, and the necessity of using in si(le some gunboats of light draught to assist others of heavier draught outside and the lall(l forces in drawing thd enemy into the fort. He cannot carry on a very long contest in the fort. I dont think we need apprehend aimy very serious annoyance from Fort Sumter. It will be a mile and a quarter from the nearest part of the theater of operations. A drawing attached hereto* shows the situa- tion of the work, its profile, magazines, barracks, officers quarters, & c. I find no drawing at the Engineer Bureau illustrating the recent repairs and additions made by Captain Foster. The two brick caponieres on the water fronts are suppose(l to be entered from the terre-plein above. The masonry scarp stamuds about 14 feet above high water. The bottom of the ditch is probably 2 or 3 feet below high water. The merlons added by the Confederates increase still more the proper heioht of the scarp, except at the embrasures. The parapet is about 11 feet thick. The scarp wall is made of bricks, and is 7 feet thick at bottout and 34 Not found Page 233 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 233 feet at top. There were no casemates in the original work, but little bomb-proofs. What bomb-proofs tit Confederates may have added we do not know. The scarp is probably exposed to the view of (listant batteries; but on this we onght not to count, as it is exceedingly easy to throw up a protecting barrier of sand. The small elevation of this work its guns are only 15 feet above high waterexposes it greatly to the actioti ot vessels afloat at the moment of assault. XVitli four iron-plated meii-of-war I am inclined to think the work could be carried by assault without waiting for the operations of a siege. OPERATIONS AGAINST FORT SUMTER. This is a strong casemate d work, covering about 3k acres of ground, rising from a:i artificial island three-quarters of a mile from the nearest lan(l, arnied, or cal)able of being arme(l, with 53 barbette guns, in a plane 50 feet above low water; 41 guns iii caseniates 27 feet abo~ e low water, and 41 casemate guns 15 feet above low water. There are no casemnate guns on the gorge; light howitzers might, ho~vever, be mounted there. rfhe wooden floors which have becim l)laee(l in the gorge were not intended to bear heavy guns. Still it must be borne in mind that the Confedemtes may have propped up soimme of these floors, cut embrasures, and mounted cannomi of large caliber iii sonic of the casemates of the gorge. The guns bearing on Cummings Point are: 20 baibette guns at an angle of about 450 wit Ii the parapets; 3 bam-bette guns on the pan-coupe nearly direct~ 4 c pan-coupe nearly direct~ 27 asemate ~uiis on the in all. The Confederates may, however, add to the casemate guns by building oblique emabi-asures in the scarp. The guns bearing on Foit Moultrie are: 10 barbette gmis, imearly direct; 2 barbette guns, slightly oblique; 18 casemate ouns, nearly direct; 4 caseniate guns, oblique; 34 in all. The approaches to Fort Moultrie froimi the east are seemi by these 34 guns belomiging to the right face; and Sullivans Island, northwest of Fort Moultrie, is exposed to ai equal number of guns on the left facesome 1)arts of it to nearly all the gnus of both faces. Rebellion Roads are exposed to 30 gnus iii the left face, or 27 guns iu the left flank, or all together, according to the situation. I have spoken above of all the guns that cami be niounted in Fort Sumter. The gnus actually supplied by the United States were, ten 42-pounders; forty-omme 32-pounders; three 10-inch cohunbiads. ten 8-inch columbiads; eight Sinch sea-coast howitzers; six 24-pounders; 78 in all, leaving 57 wanting. A drawimug of Fort Sumiuter, in conuection with the chart of Charles- lou Harbor, will illustrate the strength and situation of the work. The l)rincipal question is, Can a l)racticable breach be mna(le in Fort Sumter by batteries located on Cumkmlings Poiumt? I believe there can be. Cap. tam Foster, iii his journal of the bombardment of Fort Sumuter in May last, re l)OrtS as follows the breaching batteries on Morris Island or Cummings Point: Breaching battery No.1, two 42-pounders; one 12-pounder rifle gun ~3. Breaching battery No. 2, iron-clad, three S-inch columbiads~3; 6 in all. The fire commenced at daybreak on the 13th, an~l was (liscontinned at Cummings 1~oint about 1 p. m. on the 14th. The two 8-inch coluinbuads and the rifle gun were the only ones that were uused in the effort to ruinke a breach. The latter was fired with great accuracy. All three missiles made the same pemietrationli inches in the brick masonry. They con Page 234 234 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CIIAr. XV. tinued firing about twenty hours, and knocked off the face of the wall around one einbrasure of the pan~oup~ to the depth of 22 inches. In- stead of one 12-pounder rifle gun, 5Hl)l)O5~ we have twenty of large cali- l)er, and instead of t~vo 8-inch columbiads, some 12, 10, or 11 inch guns, there is little doubt of our ability to make a breach of any desired mag- iuitude in a week or ten (lays. If we cat away the masonry between three or four of the lower embrasures to the depth of 3 feet, I believe the scarp opposite and above these cuts will fall over in a body, pressed as it always is by the thrust of the communicating arches. If we cut away the 5 by 7 inch pier between any two casemate arches, all the case- mate arches on that front of the work will, I think, fall down, for the J)iers are far from being abutment piers. Should any such accident occur to the right flanka mimatter simply of timeI think the ~vork could not niuch longer hold out. Aim assault would hardly be necessary. Vessels drawing about 9 feet can be taken around the south side of Fort Sumter and l)laced opposite the gorge, 150 feet from the work, below the range of the barbette gulls. The t~vo caseinates of each story, at each cud of the gorge, are occul)icd as l)o~vder magazines. Fort Sumter can be taken the immore easily if Fort Moultrie is taken first. From the latter l)lace and its vicinity all the barbette guns which bear upon Cummings Point can be enfiladed or taken in reverse. There is a l)lattormn 10 feet in width around Fort Sumter, about 5 Ihet below the lower embrasures. The outer slopes of this platform are composed of rough granite, a part of the original artificial island. Landing from boats on this platform would be very difficult. OPERATiONS AGAINST CASTLE PINCKNEY. This small wou-k could not make much resistance after the capture of Moultrie and Sumter, provided we have the two iron-plated vessels con- sidered essential to success in the general attack. These vessels may take a position north of the work at the distance of about 500 yards, where only two guns can bear 111)011 tlmem, unless batteries have been built Outsi(le of the fort. Castle Piuckney, to ~-essel~ approaching Charles- ton i)y the main channel, presents a semi-circle 108 feet in diameter, with eight casemate and ten barbette guns; two other barbette guns look north. The interior crest stands about 25 feet above the foot of the scarp and probably about 35 feet above low water. Time exterior pavement is 4 or 5 feet below the emnbrasures, and nearly on the level of the l)ara(le. The details may be learned from the drawing. Castle Pinekucy was supplied by the United States with the following armament: For casemates, four 42-pounders, four 24-pounders; for bar- bette, four 8-inch sea-coast howitzers, ten 24-pounders =22; two more, a~)parently, than can be mounted in the work. ESTIMATE OF THE MEANS REQUIRED FOR THE GENERAL ATTACK UPON CHARLESTON HAUBOR. Troops, including enough to hold some adjacent islands, 15,000; trans- ports sufficient to carry the troops; fleet as large as the one which capt- ured the works at Port Royal. Iron-plated vessels required, 2. Flats or small craft drawing 3 or 4 feet, and capable of carrying 100 men each, proof against musketry and field artillery, armed with boat howitzers, 30 Page 235 CHAP. XV.J C 9RRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. S 235 & eqe train.Twenty rifle cannon of large caliber, each with 1,000 rounds of ammunition, twelve 10 or 11 inch guns, twenty mortars, & c. D. P. WOODBULtY, Lieutenant- Golonel, Aide-dc-Camp. [Indorsement.] FEBRUARY 18, 1862.Prepared for General J. G. Barnard, chief en- gineer Army of the Potomac, Washington, D. C. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY Coups, Port Royal, ~. C., Februiry 23, 1862. Maj. 0-en. GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN, Commanding U. ~. Army: GENERAL: Yours of the 12th instant was received to-day by the Harriet Lane. We are all very much elated with your brilliant victories in North Carolina and Tennessee, and hope that they will extend far- ther South and strike a stunning blow to this rebellion. We have now two batteries on Savannah River of six guns each; one on Jones Island at Venus Point, and the other on the upper end of Bird Island. The river is effectually blocked but never were batteries J)ut up and maintained under precisely the same circumstances before. The guns were hauled by hand over the soft marsh of Jones Island with the greatest labor the distance of a mile, the marsh knee-deep and covere(l with water at high tide; indeed, both batteries are actually in tLe river. We have taken since yesterday morning some two or three citizens of Savannah endeavoring to get a mail down to Pulaski through a by- creek not far from Tybee. They say that Savannah could very easily have been taken thirty days ago had we gone straight up the river at that time, which fully contii-ms may opinion, which I endea~-ored to carry out, but failed in consequence of the unwillingness of the Navy to do it, though they at first agreed to. The Navy have not yet been ready for Fernandina, but it the weather will suit we shall probably start to-morrow morning. Whilst this expe- dition is carried out our siege artillery will be arriving an(l our mortar and columbiad battery erecting on Tybee, when it is hoped that I shall be able to commence operations on Savannah. The prisoners from Savannah bring word that the news of the fall of Fort Donelson had reached Savannah; that the victory was complete, and 5,000 prisoners takdil. We hope it is true and believe that it is. Very truly, yours, T. XV. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Pulaski is reported to have trom six to ten months provisions for its gari-ison, about 500 men, but the l)risouers say that they have only am- munition enough for two days fighting. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY Cones Off Tybee, Ga., February 27, 1862. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: It was my intention to accompany the expedition for Fernan- dma, and while waiting in Warsaw Sound for the naval force to join us from Hilton Head I received the important information that Brans Page 236 e 236 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. wick and the forts at Saint Simons have been evacuated since the 15th instant. This news was brought by a refugee from Savannah, and is corroborated by the Charleston papers of the 18th instant. Our threat upon Savannah has therefore already reduced the strongest hold of the enemy south of us, and the fall of the city would undoubtedly produce the fall of all forts on the coast between here and Saint Augustine, as predicted in my letter of the 14th of December last. But as this expedition, planned upwards of a month ago, in order to economize and make the most of a short l)eriod of time, in which nothing else could be done with the troops engaged in it, has been waiting at the expense of many transports lying idle and some sacrifice of life, I think it should proceed, particularly as the iNavy are anxious to complete it, notwithstanding the period of time in which it was to be accomplished has long since run out. But as the enemy are discovered to be concen- trating most of their forces on Savannah, and guns too (as upwards of twenty pieces of heavy caliber are known to have recently been brought from Brunswick and planted about Savannah), I consider the coast now but a cobweb, to be penetrated with ease, and am therefore on my return to Port Royal, to continue the charge of affiuirs in that quarter, leaving the expedition with Brigadier-General Wright. This division of force at this particular juncture may be regarded as a fault, but the reason for it caii be seen from what I have stated, and, besides, Fernandina and Brunswick are points of some importance. The Savannah River is closed as tight as a bottle between Savannah and Pulaski, and we are pushing preparations at Tybee for bombard- inent as rapidly as the weather will allow. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commamtding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY Coups, Port Royal, S. 0., February 28, 1862. Maj. Gen. GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN: GENERAL: The deserters just in from Savannah say there are about 65,000 troops in and about the city. which is well fortified both on the land and river sides. They are moving heaven and earth for a secure defense. So far as I can ascertain some of the smaller forts on the coast are being stripped of artillery with which to protect Savannah. The abandonment of Brunswick is an evidence of it. I hope to soon get under way at Tybee, though the rough stormy weather makes it very slow in getting the ordnance landed. We must get entirely ready before we open. The Massachusetts regiment has arrived, and we hope more will follow soon. I rather think we shall have to take Savannah by way of Vernon River. If the Nav~ could not assist us last month, when no guns had been put up on the river except those at Fort Jackson, it cer- tainly cannot now, when the enemy have completed so many of them. Our siege artillery is arriving. The news I have through Savannah papers (found ~vith the prisoners) gives the most cheering and welcome accounts of your successes, and, general, I most sincerely congratulate you on your l)lans being carried out with such brilliant successes. My opinion is that you have about crushed this rebellion already. The Savannah and Charleston papers show a deeply saddened spirit among the l)cOl)le, though yet an apparently determined one; but I know the people of the South are unable to stand this state of things long. The Page 237 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 237 are quick to fight when occasion offers, but as quick to fall when mis- fortune occurs. Yours, very truly, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General. Abstract from return of the Expeditionary Co7ps, commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. Army, tor February, 1832. Present, a a a Officers. Men. Stations. Remarks. . a a a. . C. a C o a a -~ iL ~s H ~ H ~1 Beaufort, 5. C ISaufuskie Island, S. C - - Edisto Island, S. C Fort Welles, S. C hilton Head, S. C Otter Island Savannah tilver Tybee Island, Ga Warsaw Sound, Ga Division headquarters.. Total... -.. . 121 34 21 61 188 138 37 22 65 201 33 33 2 2 59. 66 129 131 28 28 676 723 2, 895 790 538 1, 310 4, 657 772 60 1, 316 3, 006 26 3,373 832 572 1, 570 5, 034 856 (33 1, 546 3, 267 26 3, 737 906 613 1, 705 5, 568 935 140 1, 655 3, 708 15, 370 17, 159 19, 028 The 2d Briaado and Rockwells (eonnectic~it) hat tery. Headquarters 1st Bilgade and 48th Ee~v York. 47th New York. 76th Pennsylvania and 3d Rhode Island. 8th Maine, 28th Massachusetts, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, :3(1 New Hampshire, 1st New York En~ineers, and 55th Pennsyl- vania. 45th Pennsylvania. 3d U. S. Artillurx, Battery E. 7th Connectieu~ and 48th New York. Headquarters 3d Brigade, 6th Con. nocticut, 9th Maine, 4th New Hampshire, and 97th Penn. sylvania. Headquarters. staff, & c. ORGANIZATION 01? THE EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, FEBRUARY 28, 1862. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. EGBERT L. VIELE. 8th Maine, Col. John D. Rust. 3d New Hampshire, Col. E. Q. Fellows. 46th New Yoi-k, Col. Rudolph Rosa. 47th New York, Cd. Henry Moore. 4r~th New York, Col. James H. Perry. 55th Pennsylvania, Col. Richard White. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. ISAAC I. STEVENS. 8th Michigan, Col. Win. M. Fenton. 79th New York, Col. Addison Farnsworth. 50th Pennsylvania, Col. B. C. Christ. 100th Pennsylvania, Col. Daujel Leasure. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT. - 6th Connecticut, Col. Johu L. Chattield. 7th Connecticut, Col. Alfred II. Terry. 9th Maine, Col. Rishwordi Rich. 4th New Hampshire, Col. Thomas J. XVhipple. 97th Pennsylvania, Col. Henry R. Guss. Troops not brigaded. 28th Massachusetts, Col. Wmu. Moutieth. 1st New York Engineers. Col. E. XV. Seri-ell. 45th Pennsylvania, Col. Thomas Welsh. 70th Pennsylvania, Col. John M. Power. 3d Rhode Island, Col. Nathaniel XV. Brown. 1st Massachusetts Cavalty, Col. Robert Williams. 1st Connecticut Battery, Capt. A. P. Rock- well. 3d U. S. Artillery, Battery E, Capt. John Hamilton Page 238 238 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [OnAr. XV~ HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPi~DY CORPS, Saint Andrews Sound, qa., Jlliarch 2, 1862. Col. II. IR. Guss, Commanding Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment: COLONEL: Intelligence, deemed reliable, has been received to the effect that the enemy has abandoned Fernandina and its vicinity, removing the guns and property at that point. It has therefore been decided that, instead of proceeding according to the original project, a portion of the light-draught gunboats, wiih a part of the land force, shall proceed at once by the inland passage, while the remainder of the fleet will go outside. Your regiment, or rather the eight companies on board the Boston, will accompany the gunboats by the inland passage, and the transport will at once move up the sound to join them. On your arrival at Fernandina you will co-operate with the naval force under the command of Capt. P. Drayton, of the Pawnee, by land- ing your troops, taking possessionof the town and of the railroad and its crossing over the marsh and the river. The l)ossession of this road in a serviceable condition may be of the utmost importance to our farther operations, and you will consequently use every exertion to prevent its destruction by the enemy. Should any of the enemy be still upon Amelia Island, you will effect their capture, if possible. Preserve all public property left behind, and afford every protecth~u to private property, not permitting the appropriation of the smallest article by the troops of your command. Wishing you every success, I am, very respectfully, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Co~nmanding. MARCH 6, 1862. General SHERMAN, Port Royal: If it will not interfere with any operation of greater importance that you may now have on hand, the General-in-Chief hopes that you will be able to arrange with Commodore DuPont for the prompt occupa- tion of Fernandina, in accordance with the original plan of the expe- dition. It is supposed that this operation will not interfere with the reduction of Fort Pulaski, which is regarded as a matter of very great importance. The general would also be glad to have your views in regard to the best disposition to be made of your troops during the approaching unhealthy season, and whether any peculiar arrangements should he made to secure their health during the summer in regard to barracks, diet, & c. Will General Thomas please write about the substance of the above and send it to the Navy Department before 1 oclock to day, together with the private letter accompanying it l~ Very truly, GEG. B. MCCLELLAN, Major- General. * The letter based upon this, and acknowledged by Sherman (p. 253) March 26, is not found Page 239 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 239 HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Pernandina, Ela., March 7, 1862. Gener~tt THOMAS W. SHERMAN, Commanding Expeditionary Gorps, Hilton Head, S. C.: GENERAL: After consultation with the flag-officer, it has been deter- mine(I to send an expedition to the Saint Johns River, to consist of several gunboats and a portion ot the land force, and it is directed to start to-morrow morning. The troops will consist of eight corn panics of the Fourth ew Hampshire Regiment, nuder the command of Col. T. J. Whipple. From all that can be gathered in the way of information, it is believed that a portion, at any rate, of the guns removed from this place previous to our arrival have been taken to Jacksonville, or some 1)oiIlt belo~v on the river; that the enemy has a battery at the mouth of the river, another at Saint Johns Bluff; and that a third has been commenced at Dames Point. To destroy these batteries, take possession of the guns, and capture Jacksonville are the objects of the expedition. It is agreed by Flag-Officer DuPont and myself that the permanent ocenpation of Jacksonville at this time would not be judicious, nor (10 I think it in accordance with the spirit of your instructions of the 27th nltiino. It has therefore been determined that, while it may be (lesir- able to land and occupy Jacksonville or other points for a few hours for pui-poses of reconnaissance or other necessary service, the troops shall be withdrawn and return with the gunboats when this shall have beemin accomplished. The McClellan, which did not reach this place till yesterday, will go back to Hilton Head to-morrow, with orders to report to you. The marines, at the request of the flag-officer, return in her. The Star of the South will also l)robably start for Hilton Head to-morrow. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, fl. G. WRIGflT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Fernandina, Fla., March 7, 1862. Col. THOMAS J. WHIPPLE, Cammanding Fourth New Hampshire Regiment: COLONEL: After haiing embarked the eight companies of your regi- ment on board the steamer Boston, in pursuance of the verbal instruc- tions given you this evening, you will proceed with the gunboat expe- dition to the Saint Johns River, under the command of Comumander J. F. Goldsborough, and co-operate with that officer in the objects of the exl)edition. It is understood between the flag-officer commanding the naval forces amid myself that neither Jacksonville nor any point upon the river below is to be permanently occupied by our forces; but it may be desirable to land at one or more of these points, for the purpose of reconnaissance or other desirable services, and occupy them for a few hours only, return- ing, of course, with the gunboats to this place when this shall have been accomplished. You will place yourself in official relation with Captain Goldsborough, commanding the naval force, who is now off the Saint Johns entrance Page 240 240 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAr. XV. on your arrival there, and arrange with him in regard to the operations in which the services of your command may be required. Wishing you every success, I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, ~rigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CoRPS, Port Royal, S. C., March 8,1862. To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, IVa8hington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your instruc- tions of the Lth ultimo. I find it impracticable to conform to those instructions with that promptitude which may perhaps be expected without incurring a strong liability to produce a misconception on the part of the blacks as to what the Government intends to do with them. There is much danger of producing a panic among them by too sudden a movement. Many of them surmise that they will ultimately be sent to Cuba and sold, cud to l)ermit a stir among them of this sort would be attended with unfor- tunate results. I think, however, that from 400 to 500 will be induced to accept the off~i niadc to them, viz, to accept their services for a limited period, with a promise that they shall return to their homes after their serv- ices are l)erformed; and as soon as I hear from Edisto, if the result of the iuquiry is as favorable as from other points, they shall be shipped by the first convenience. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C, March 8, 1862. Maj. Gen. GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN, Commanding U. S. Army: GENERAL: Yours of February 14 was receive& on the 3d instant. Pu- laski is thoroughly cut off, and the batteries are being erected on Tybee as rapidly as the rough weather for landing the ordnance will permit. Agreeably to your instruction no further preparations will be made for the attack of Savannah. Before the expedition sailed for Fernandina I ascertained that Bruns- wick and its dependencies had been evaclLate(l for the re-enforcement in men and guns of Savannah, and though I have not yet received any positive information from Fernandina, there is but little doubt but it was occupied without the firing of a gun. From information we have gathered since I wrote you on the subject of Charleston, I have arrived at the conclusion that that city and its defenses can be carried with much more ease than I anticipated in that letter. Our occupation of Edisto Island and sonic reconnaissances made by the Navy convince me that Charleston can be beleaguered in a ver Page 241 ChAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 241 happy manner without having to carry the forts near the mouth of the Stono, and indeed by turning them. Gunboats can ascend the North Edisto and Wadmalaw Rivers, and possibly into the Stono itself:, which would bring them within 5 miles of the city. There is a good road all the ~vay from North Edisto River to Charleston, and so situated that a land force can co-operate with the gunboats and be at hand to assist removing any obstrnctions found in the river or reducing any works that may be found in approaching the city. To ascertain precisely where these obstructions and works are situated will require a recon- naissance in force preliminary to any grand movement, it is much more practicable a route than the one to Savannah. The route proposed will in a great measnre turn all the defenses of the enemy on James Island and effectually cut off all approaches to the city by land from that quarter. The demonstration, if successful, will produce the evacu- ation of Charleston, or, should it not, the city can be shelled at leisure from the right bank of the Ashley. The forts in the harbor would prob- ably fall of themselves, but, if not, Sumter can be shelled and possibly reached from James and Morris islands. To make matters still more sure, a demonstration and indeed a real attack on Point Pleasant from Bulls Bay would probably produce the fall of Moultrie. Indeed I think Moultrie could be easily carried by a coup de main, if thought necessary. I will endeavor to give this subject a very early attention and promptly inform you of all I can gather. In the mean while, general, please fur- nish me with your general idea of what harbors South should be garri- soned. I have no doubt but all down to Augustine will be at once at our disposal (including Saint Johns River). Fernandina and Bruns- wick are harbors of importance, but are Augustine, Jacksonville, Darien, & c., sufficiently so to absorb our forces I Very respectfully and truly, yours, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General. Commanding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CoRPs General THo~~ ~. SHERMAN, Fernandina, Fla., March 8, 1862. Hilton Head: GENERAL: By the steamer McClellan, which left for Hilton Head this morning, I informed you of the expedition fitted out for the Saint Johns River. It started about 11.30 a. m. to-day. No very reliable information in regard to the whereabouts of the rebel force which left this place has yet been procured, though am induced to believe that a part, perhaps the whole, have stopped at Baldwin, the junction of Florida and Cedar Keys and the Jacksonville and Tallahas- see Railroads, 47 miles from this place. The enemy, in his retreat, burned the bridges of the railroad, making the approach from this isl- and to the main quite difficult; and I have not therefore considered it judicious, or indeed important as yet, to send any reconnaissance in that direction, as I am not in condition to move in force to any distance inland. Bearing in mind your instructions to return as soon as practicable to Hilton Head any portion of the force not indispensable for the defense of this place, I have given much consideration to the question of the minimum garrison which would render the position secure, and have concluded that two regiments ought to be ample, provided a naval force 16 R RYOL V Page 242 242 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. of two vessels remains in the harbor. After a short time this force might, I believe, be still reduced, but for the present I cannot think it advisable. I shall therefore, unless instructed to the contrary, send one regiment back to Hilton Head as soon as the Saint Johns expedition returns, and other projects, if determined upon, shall be accomplished, remain- ing here myself till I hear from you that my services are needed else- where. The people still remaining generally express their gratitude for the unexpected good treatment they experience at our hands and for the protection extended to their property, and profess a desire to have friends return to their homes. Perhaps a liberal course toward these people may have a happy effect in the State at large, in proving to the inhabitants that we do not come amongst them with the designs against their persons and property which their leaders and their public journals have so falsely charged against us. In pursuing this course I shall be careful to omit no precaution neces- sary to the full security of the command against any acts of the people by which intelligence can be conveyed to the enemy to our injury. I desire to be distinctly understood that, while I propose to remain here in command till I receive your orders, I shall be much disappointed if I am kept here while active operations are being prosecuted else- where. Forty-eight hours will suffice to bring me to Hilton Head, or any intermediate point, after your orders are issued. I inclose a copy of a report from Lieutenant Tardy * in regard to the condition of Fort Clinch, which agrees perfectly with the results of my own hasty examination of the work. I will call upon him for estimates for its improvement to the extent he suggests. The batteries on the seaward side of the fort, containing places for ten guns, need not be occupied by us. I also send a copy of the report of a reconnaissance made by Captain Sears * of the enemys defenses on the southern end of Cumberland Isl- and. I have not had time to give them a personal examination. I propose sending back one section of Captain Ransoms battery, per- haps both. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. 0-. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CoRPS, Port Royal, S C, March 9, 1862. To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. AnMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: From the reports of Brigadier-General Wright, copies of which I herewith inclose,t you will perceive that Amelia Island has been occu- pied by our forces without resistance. It is my desire to carry out the views of the Government as to the occupation of this coast in the most judicious manner. With the force now at my disposal, and without any plan of opera- tions into the interior, I propose to occupy only some of the most im- portant harbor outlets, to the end only, at this time, of preventing the * Not found. tSee report of March 5, p. 96, and letter of March 7, p. 239 Page 243 CHAP. XV.~ CORRE~P0NDENCE, ETC.UNION. 243 running of the blockade. Saint Simons, Fernandina, the mouth of the Saint Johns, and possibly Saint Augustine, would, J think, be sufficient. Other places of some little importance could be blockaded by the Navy. The occupation of the towns on the main, such as Jacksonville, Saint Marys, Darien, Brunswick, would be injudicious with our present force, unless we are sure of being supported by a strong party of Unionists, and it is important to first ascertain whether snch a party exists to much extent. The desertion of Fernandina and Saint Marys does not look very favorable. I shall endeavor to rally the Union men to the support of their flag. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, Fernandina Fla Afar Col. THOMAS J. WHIPPLE, , ., oh 9, 1862. Commanding Fourth New Hampshire Regiment: COLONEL: Flag-Officer DuPont proceeds to-day to the Saint Johns River, and, after the contemplated operations in that vicinity shall have been finished, will probably continue down the coast with the naval force to Saint Augustine, in which case you will still remain with the Navy and co-operate with it. Should Saint Augustine be taken possession of, and it should be con- sidered by the flag-officer important to occupy it, you are authorized to leave, say, two companies in Fort Marion as a garrison, with at least ten days provisions, a trusty captain being placed in command. The remainder of your force will then return to its place in the Boston. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, A. G. 0., Washington, March 10, 1862. Brig. Gen. THOMAS W. SHERMAN, U. S. A., Commanding, 4w., Port Royal, ~. C.: GENERAL: I am instructed to inform you that, in consequence of information just received that the enemy is abandoning his position at Centreville and towards Manassas, a forward movement of the Army of the Potomac has been ordered this day, to seize upon any advantage that may offer. I am, sir, & c., L. THOMAS, Adjutant. General. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CORPS, F Capt. Louis II. PELOUZE, , la., March 10, 1862. Acting Assistant Adjutant-General: CAPTAIN: The inhabitants left behind in the evacuation of this place by the rebels are mainly of the poorer classes of whites and free blacks, with a few slaves, many of whom represent themselves as destitute o Page 244 244 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. the means of living, and generally as without money, except the worth- less paper in circulation before our occupation. Thus far it has not been necessary to assist them to any considerable extent, but it proba- bly soon will be, unless sonte means can be devised to aid them in pro- curing their subsistence. The army departments here need little, if any, hired labor, and there is no private business carried on to afford them employment. The question therefore presents itself, what is to be done with these peo- ple, who cannot be permitted to starve if they are ready to earn their subsistence, and only ask employment to take care of themselves? In- structions in regard to the course to be pursued in this matter are respectfully requested. The contraband question also presents itself, and will soon require to be decided by the military authority, as regards their support. Some of these people were left behind, and others are presenting themselves daily, coming in from different directions. At Saint Marys, where I was to-day on a reconnaissance in company with Captain Drayton, com- manding the naval forces here, there are a great many negroes still remaining, some of whom have already followed us to Fernaudina. As before remarked, we do not need their services at present, and I cannot conceive we shall, unless it be in building up Fort Clinch. At this work most of the men might be employed if there was any fund for the pay- mnent for their services, but unless the Quartermasters Department can supply the money there is none available for the purpose. In this mat- ter, too, I would request instructions. The suggestion just made for the cmployment of the contrabands might be extended to the free blacks and to the whites. None other presents itself to me in regard to either of the classes thrown upon our hands. The Ben DeFord arrived this morning, bringing quartermasters and commissary stores. She will be discharged and sent back without delay. The five days supply on hand, with that now received, will provide 1)rovisions for the present force for the next forty days, not including, however, what it may be necessary to issue to citizens and contrabands to keep them from starvation. I liave directed that the Boston be sent back to Hilton Head to report to the chief quartermaster. This will leave here, in the way of transports, the Empire City, the Belvidere, and the Georges Creek, all of which will be needed for the return to Hilton Head of the force which I have proposed soon to send back. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE, EXPEDY CoRps, Fernandina, Flu., lJfarch 13, 1862. Capt. Lou~ ~I. PELOUZE, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General: C~rTAn~: I have to report, in regard to the slaves found here and those who have since come in, that I have not attempted to interfere with the rights of the owner so long as he remained within our lines and conducted himself in a quiet and orderly manner, but that I have refused permission to remove any slave from the limits of the command on any plea whatever. I have conceived that the property of citizens in slaves should b Page 245 CiIAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 245 protected to the extent referred to, and shall continue the same policy in regard to them unless I receive instructions to the contrary. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. [Iudor8ement.] Approved, by order of Brigadier-General Sherman: L. H. PELOUZE, MARCH ~, 1862. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Hilton Head, ~3. C., March 13, 1862. General EGEERT L. VIELE, Commanding Forces, Daufuskie Island, S. C.: GENERAL: The general commanding directs me to inform you that he is forced to the conclusion, on his late inspection of the works in Savannah River, that not all the measures are taken to avoid disagree- able things that should be. Of the two light-draught steamers, the Petitt lays at Venus Point, and, if he understood you, does not move from there~ and the Mayflower does very little at best. It appears to him that these two boats should move rapidly about from place to place; for instance, the Petitt should be active enough to cover your rear from any assaults by way of New River, and at the same time be prepared to assist in the Savannah River in case of high tides or other emergencies. By taking advantage of the tides, a great deal might be done by these two steamers. They should be so handled as to be seen by the enemy at unexpected points and at unexpected times. He does not think that, considering the amount of force at your dis- posal and the time occupied, the Venus Point battery is in that advanced state that it should be. As to the 10-inch columbiad, it should have been up ten days ago. It was sent from here a month ago. The Bird Island battery seems to be everything that is desired, and great credit is due to Major Beard and his officers and men for their energy and industry. I am also directed to communicate that the New Hampshire Battal- ion, under Lieutenant-Colonel Jackson, was sent to you with three days provisions, for a particular purpose. That purpose should have been accomplished, if accomplished at all, in three days, and that he is dis- satisfied with the delay that has attended all its movements. I am further directed to remind you of the necessity of the chief of artillery and your engineer officer joining him the moment they can be spared. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, [L. II. PELOUZE,] 6aptain, Ftfteenth Infantry, Actg. ~Asst. Adjt. General. WILLARDS HOTEL, Washington, D. C., March 14, 1862. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of this morning, ordering me to report without delay upon the military opera Page 246 246 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. tions that have been executed or are in progress, or in contemplation, against Savannah and Fort Pulaski, to include everything that in my judgment the Department should know, or that would be useful to the Government or the forces there, and generally as to the means proposed or wanted for a speedy and successful result. In obedience to this order, I have the honor respectfully to state that, apparently with a view to forming a basis of operations, a considerable area has been fortified at Hilton Head by means of a line of earthworks, a block-house, beach batteries, flooding the marshes, & c., and the construc- fion of piers, one of great length and to deep water (21 feet low tide). This area is sufficient to encamp from 25,000 to 30,000 men, crowded; is now defended by the guns of Fort Welles, two guns in the beach battery on our right, and twenty-two guns in the works in the advance. The guns are not up in the beach battery on our left. From this point detachments have been sent forward. Early in January last, obstructions placed by the rebels in Walls Cut, consisting of piles and an old ship, were taken away by our forces. Subsequently a battery of six guns was built by us on Jones Island, at Venus Point, in the Savannah River, and recently another on Bird Island, still nearer to Savannah, which by this time mounts three or four guns. At Tybee Island mortars are being landed and mortar beds and plat- forms are being erected. A battery of three guns was placed on Goats Point, but it was understood when I left that it was to be abandoned, and a sap worked up from near the Martello Tower (which has been re- paired), and the mortars placed in position against Pulaski as far up the beach as possible. Thirteen mortars had been landed up to 8th instant, two of them 13-inch. I learned from an officer of the Navy, on the way to New York, that an old hulk had just been placed by our forces in Lazaretto Creek, about one and a quarter miles from Fort Pulaski. Fort Pulaski is said by a rebel deserter to contain 427 men, nine months provisions, and six months water. The old rebel battery at the point of Great Warsaw Island is in our possession. The Skidaway battery opposite Koming marsh, at the mouth of the Wilmington River, had not been reduced up to the 8th instant. It is said to be very strong. The rebels are also camped near Bonaventura, and between there and Fort Jackson, on the Thunderbolt road. Rumor had it that about 30,000 to 35,000 rebels were in and about Savannah, but of the truth of these suppositions I have my doubts. A large siege train is being put together at Hilton Head, but pro- gresses very slowly; eight or nine guns were ready last Saturday. I was informed the ammunition was not yet prepared. As to what is contemplated against Savannah I am entirely ignorant. Against Fort Pulaski, I know that orders have been given to prepare to reduce it. It was for several weeks supposed that a passage for gunboats existed from Port Royal Sound into the Savannah River above Fort Pulaski when the obstructions in Walls Cut were removed, but it is now found otherwise, at least for a draught of more than 7 feet of water at high tide, except within range of the guns of the fort. A reconnaissance has been made up the north side of the Savannah River from Jones Island to above the Union Causeway, about a mile and a quarter from the City of Savannah, by which it has been asce Page 247 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 247 tamed that if troops could be landed above Elba Island they could march to a point directly opposite the city. In reply to that part oPyonr order requiring my judgment of the means wanted to produce a successftil and speedy result, I have the honor to state: 1st. That in my opinion the most essential requisite is an intelligent, vigorous, energetic general, in whom the Army would bave entire confi- dence, who would counsel with his principal officers, and act promptly upon any decision he might form, and who, having orders, would con- centrate his efforts on some particular object and accomplish it. 2d. That there should be harmonious action between the land and naval forces. 3d. The forces should either be greatly augmented or concentrated, instead of being scattered up and down the coast from North Edisto to Fernandina, a distance of 130 or 140 miles. 4th. That fire should not be opened upon Pulaski until at least all the mortars now landed on Tybee are in positioti, and then that the Navy would co-operate as well as they may, while, by having four or five re- liefs of men at the mortars, shell should be poured into the fort day and night incessantly, without allowiug any time Cor the rebels to eat, drink, or sleep in security until they surrendered. This will require of the land forces 1,400 or 1,500 men. 5th. That there should be two more ordnance officers sent there im- mediately, as there is now only one thoroughly efficient officer of that corps on the ground. 6th. That rafts of light pine and palmetto should be made to trans- port the siege train on the creeks and up the Savannah River, and that while this is being done the Navy should engage the batteries at Skid- away, and, if possible, silence and capture them, the siege of Pulaski being at the same time continued. 7th. Rafts and boats can be taken into the Savannah River above Jones Island, and might with proper management be forced up the river to Saint Augustine Creek, where there is firm ground. The siege train can be carried in the same way, and opposition at landing met at the point of the bayonet. One hundred additional ship boats would greatly facilitate such a movement. Having reached the firm ground anywhere near the Thunderbolt road, either through the Savannah or Tybee Rivers, the way is open to the city in the rear of Fort Jackson. It might be well, if forces could be spared, to destroy the railroad bridge at Coosawhatchie, to cut off supplies from Charleston, but this is not worth much, as other channels are open by the Augusta and Savan- nah and South Carolina Railroads. The only materials required, in my judgment, are a few more boats and one or two more light-draught steamers. Sufficient intelligence and energy to use what is now in that army can produce whatever else may be required. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWARD W. SERRELL, Colonel, Volunteer Engineers. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., March 15, 1862. Major-General MCCLELLAN, commander-in-Chief, U. S Army: GENERAL: From information just received from our forces at North Edisto itis probable that gunboats, except such very small ones as woul Page 248 248 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. be of little use, cannot get into the Stono River by the way of the Wad - malaw, as there will be an obstruction found at New Cut, from the fact that even at high water this cut has not ov~r 5 feet of water. There i~ a battery of six pieces at Church Flats and vessels sunk in the river at that point. Quite a large force is also at this point, and somewhere~ near the junction of the Wadmalaw and Stono Rivers is another battery. The rebels are evidently pretty strong in defenses at this point and along the whole line of the Stono. This district is too far off to get very specific information, and what we have thus far gathered is from prison- ers and short reconnaissances made by the Army and Navy. The rebel force is too strong in that vicinity to risk the small force we have up there very far from the Edisto. When the gunboats return from the south it is contemplated by Commodore DuPont to make a reconnais- sance in that direction, and, if our affairs justify it, I propose sending a force with him. From last accounts from Fernandina the gunboats had not yet got into the Saint Johns. I hope to send a small force, say one or two regi- ments, and probably a section of light artillery, across from Picolata to Saint Augustine, and take the place in reverse. For this purpose all the troops sent down with General Wright are left there, one regiment, General Wright informs me, being with the gunboats off the mouth of the Saint Johns. I am very anxious to raise our flag over Fort Marion and Sa~int Au- gustine Barracks, and, if the Navy are not too long in sounding out the channel, expect to do it without much resistance. Very respectfully and truly, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. P. S.I send the Atlantic back to hurry on the ordnance stores for Tybee. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ WAR DEPARTMENT, A. G. 0., No. 26. f Washington, March 15, 1862. The States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, with the expedi- tion and forces now under Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman, will constitute a military department, to be called the Department of the South, to b& commanded by Major-General Hunter. By order of the Secretary of War: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. 0., March 16, 1862. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington: SIR: I have the honor to report that after Brigadier-General Wright had taken possession of Amelia Island I directed him to send one or two regiments, as circumstances would require, to Picolata, on the Saint Johns River, and march upon the rear of Fort Marion and Saint Au- gustine. I have just learned (unofficially) from private sources that General Wright is in quiet possession of Jacksonville; that some of the gun- boats are in Saint Augustine Harbor, and that Fort Marion has su Page 249 CHAP. XV.) CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 249 rendered to the Navy. Whether any of General Wrights force are yet there I have not heard. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS U. S. Steamer Cahawba, Fernandina, Fla., March 21, 1862w Brig. Gen. HORATIO G. WRIGHT, Comdg. Third Brigade, Bxpedy Corps, Fernandina, Fla.: GENERAL: I am directed by the commanding general to communi- cate to you that you are authorized to concentrate any of the troops of the three posts, Saint Augustine, Fernandina, and Jacksonville, on any emergency that may arise that will not admit of time to communicate with these headquarters. Any such change will be at once reported. I am further directed to instruct that all public property which may fall into your hands from the enemy at the posts referred to be inven- toried and reported according to the regulations. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, [L. H. PELOUZE,] Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Actg. Asst. Adjt. General. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, March 22, 1862. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: Sub: Mr. Pierce, special agent of this Department at Port Royal, reports that the plantations have been deprived so generally of horses and mules that their cultivation is greatly hindered and in some cases almost entirely prevented. As these animals have been taken for the use of the Army, it seems but just that they should be restored through the agency of the War Department. If you concur with me, will you be good enough to give an order for sending 90 mules and 10 horses to Port Royal immediately, to be placed at the disposal of the special agent? I suggest the expediency of an order directing the commanders to respect private property on plantations, so as to prevent the recurrence of such evils as those referred to. Yours, truly, S. P. CHASE, Secretary of the Treasury. WAR DEPARTMENT, Hon. SALMON ~. CHASE, Washington, D. C., March 25, 1862. Secretary of the Treasury: SIR: The Secretary of War directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 22d instant, requesting him to give an order for sending horses and mules to Port Royal to replace those which have been taken from the plantations in the neighborhood for the use of the Army. He does not think that he has any authority to furnish horses an Page 250 ~5O COASTS OF S. 0., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChIAi. XV. mules for the purposes mentioned, but would suggest whether the Treas- ury Department could not furnish them properly out of the proceeds of the cotton received from Port Royal. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, P. II. WATSON, Assistant Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, 5. G, March 25, 186% To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S ARMY, Washington, D. 0.: SIR: Since my letter of the 9th instant, on learning that General Wright, in conformity to my previous instructions, had detached a reg- iment from Fernandina to accompany the gunboats to the Saint Johns River, and hearing in the mean time of the happy political sentiments prevailing at Saint Augustine, I sent him a dispatch, urgently recom- mending him to land that force at Picolata, and with it, and as much additional force as he might think it necessary to take, to march upon the rear of that city and take possession of Fort Marion and Saint Augustine Barracks. It has since appeared, however, that whilst this force was entering the Saint Johns and occupying Jacksonville a few gunboats were sent around to the front of Saint Augustine with one company of General Wrights command, and that on the appearance of this force Saint Augustine struck the rebel flag and gave up the place to Commodore DuPont. As the force sent from Fernandina was landed at Jacksonville, con- trary to the tenor of my instructions to General Wright, I felt so anx- ious about how far such a measure would commit me to any operation by land for which I might not be prepared, that I proceeded thither, to obtain a thorough understanding of the matter. After thoroughly understanding the political situation of affairs there, and the reign of terror to which the Union men are still subjected, I not only confirmed General Wrights acts, but have increased the force at Jacksonville one regiment. The best information I can give the Depart- ment of the situation of affairs in East Florida is the forwarding here- with of a copy of the proceedings of a town meeting held in Jackson- ville on the 20th instant and a copy of my proclamation to the people of East Florida on the same date. I have the sanguine hope that Florida will soon be regenerated. The force I have in Florida is three compa- nies of infantry at Fort Marion and Saint Augustine Barracks (the Navy have some marines there also), sixteen companies of infantry at Jacksonville, one company of infantry in charge of a battery at the mouth of the Saint Johns, one regiment of infantry and two sections of light artillery at Fernandina. The force at Jacksonville was made sufficiently strong to resist any force of the enemy now occupying the railroad to Tallahassee that might be brought against it. It is probable that the artillery at Fernandina, or a portion of it, will be sent there also. Besides, there are three gun- boats in the Saint Johns River and I believe one or two in Saint Au- gustine Harbor. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN Brigadier-General, Oommanding Page 251 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 251 [Inolosures.] HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Jacksonville, Pla., March 20, 1862. To the People of East Florida: The troops of the United States have come amongst you to protect loyal citizens and their property from further molestation by the creat- ures of a rebel and usurped authority, and to enable you to resuscitate a Government which they have ruthlessly endeavored to destroy. All loyal people who return to or remain at their homes in the quiet ])iirsnit of their lawful avocations shall be protected in all their rights within the meaning and spirit of the Constitution of the United States. The sole desire and intention of the Goverumetit is to maintain the integ- ritv of the Constitution and the laws and reclaim States which have revolted from their national allegiance to their former prosperous and happy condition. There is great satisfaction in the fact, now become patent to all, that a large portion of you still cling in your hearts to that mother who first liberated you from the thraldom of a despotic government; who next rescued you from the deathly grasp of the wily savage at a fright- ful cost of life and treasure, and who atterwards elevated you from the condition of territorial dependence to that of a proud and independent State. I earnestly recommend that in every city, town, and precinct you~ assemble in your primary and sovereign capacity; that you there throw off that sham government which has been forced upon you; swear true fidelity and allegiance to the Constitution of the United States, and organize your government and elect your officers in the good old way of the past. When this is done, then will you see the return of prosperous and happy days, in the enjoyment of that trade and industry to which your extensive coast is so well adapted, and in the immunity from that want and suffering to which you have been so wickedly subjected by the traitorous acts of a few ambitious and unprincipled men; then will you enjoy the fruits of your honest labor, the sweets of happy homes, and the consolation of living under those wise and salutary laws that are due only to an industrious and law-abiding people. T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. At a meeting of the loyal citizens of the United States of America, held at Jacksonville, East Florida, March 20, A. D. 1862, at 1030 a. in., U. L. Robinson, chairman; 0. L. Keene, secretary; Col. John S. Sannius, S. F. Halliday, Paran Moody, John W. Price, and Philip Fraser, esqs., were appointed a committee to (iraught resolutions to lay before said meeting. The following is a true copy of said resolutions, which were received and adopted unanimously: We, the people of the city of Jacksonville and its vicinity, in the county of Duval, and the State of Florida, embraced within the territory and jurisdiction of the United States of America, do hereby set forth our declaration of rights and our solemn protest against the abrogation of the same by any pretended State or other authority. First. We hold that government is a contract, in which protection is the price of allegiance; that when protection is denied, through weak- ness or design, allegiance is no longer due. Second. We hold that an established form of government cannot be changed or abrogated except by the will of the people, intelligently and willingly expressed and fairly ratified Page 252 252 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. LOHAP. XV~ Third. We hold that no State of the United States has any legal or constitutional right to separate itself from the government and jurisdic- tion of the United States. Fourth. We hold that the act of the Convention of the State of Florida commonly known as the ordinance of secession, is void, being in direct couffict with the Constitution of the United States, in never having been submitted to the people for ratification. Fifth. We hold that the State of Florida is an integral part of the United States, subject to the constitutional jurisdiction of the same, and we have reason to believe that thousands of her citizens would hail with joy the restoration of the Government, bringing deliverance from the terrors of unrestrained popular and military desPotism. We solemnly protest against all the acts and ordinances of the Convention of the State of Florida, which were designed to deprive us of our rights as citizens of the United States. We protest against the despotism fostered by the State and other authorities claiming jurisdiction over us, which has denied us the rights most dear to freemenfreedom of speech and a free press. We protest against the exactions which have been imposed upon usforced contributions of money, property, and labor; enlistments for military service procured. by threats and misrepresentations. We pro- test against the tyranny which demands of us as a measure of revolu- tionary policy abandonment of our homes and property and exposure of our wives and children to sickness, destitution, gaunt famine, innumer- able and untold miseries and sorrows. We protest against that mad and barbarous policy which has punished us for remaining in our own homes by sending a brutal and unrestrained soldiery to pillage and burn our property, threaten and destroy our lives. We protest against the denunciation of the governor, who threatens to hang us because we do not tamely submit to such indignities and lick the hand just raised to shed our blood. From such a despotism and from such dangers and indignities we have been released by the restoration of the Government of the United States, with the benign principles of the Constitution. The reign of terror is past. Law and order prevails in our midst. It belongs now to the citizens of the State who hold to their allegiance to the United States to raise up a State government according to those provisions of the State which are not in conflict with or repugnant to the provisions of the United States: Be it therefore resolved, That we adopt the foregoing protest and dec- laration of rights, and recommend that a convention of all loyal citizens be called forthwith, for the purpose of organizing a State government of the State of Florida. Be it further resolved, That the chief of the military department of the United States be requested to retain at this place a sufficient force to maintain order and protect the people in their persons and property. All of which is respectfully submitted. PHILIP FRASER, Chairman. A true copy of the resolutions as passed at said meeting and adopted as their own act. C. L. ROBINSON, Chairman. 0. L. KEENE, Secretary Page 253 CHAP. XV.~ CORRESPONDENCE, ETCUNION. 253 HEADQUARTERS, Capt. Louis H. PELOUZE, Jacksonville, Fla., March 25, 1862. Acting Assistant Adjutant- General: CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report, for the information of the gen- eral commanding, that I left Fernandina yesterday morning with the Ninety-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Cosmopolitan, and arrived here and landed the troops last evening. Having struck 111)011 the Saint Johns Bar, we were obliged to cast off the schooner in tow, laden with camp and garrison equipage and stores and, as the tide was rapidly falling and the wind high, we were forced to leave her at anchor. The troops consequently had to be quartered in vacant build- ings on shore, instead of going into camp, as I had designed. Last night, or rather this morning, at about 3 oclock, a party of the enemy, numbering some 50 perhaps, made an attack upon one of our picket stations, and, out of the ~ men composing it, killed 1; severely~ and it is feared mortally, wounded another, and captured 3 more. The remaining two escaped. So far as I can learn from the reports and an investigation of the case, the picket was guilty of gross carelessness and suffered itself to be completely surprised. Yesterday morning it seems that two members of another picket station went out beyond the lines, and have no doubt been captured. Indeed, it is so reported by a deserter from the enemy who has since come in. These occurrences will no doubt have the effect to make the guards more watchful, by proving to them the [consequences] to them- selves of any neglect of vigilance in an enemys country. I have to-day looked carefully over the ground in advance of the town, and find it much more difficult to defend and to picket than I had imagined from the map. Two companies will be necessary for a proper l)icket guard; and this daily detail, with the number necessary for camp and provost guards, will bear heavily on the command. Some re-enforcement would be desirable if any troops can be spared. Considerable fatigue work will be necessary also in cutting down the scrub and timber on the outskirts of the town, which now afford cover to parties approaching the pickets. This labor will be undertaken the moment the vessel referred to as having camp and garrison eqni- page, & c., arrives. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commafrding. HEADQUAnTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., March 26, 1862. Brig. Gen. LORENZO THOMAS, Adjutant-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: Your letter of the 6th instant * was not received until the 21st instant, and then through the hands of Flag-Officer DuPont. I had already been directed by Major-General McClellan to abstain from my preparations for the siege of Savannah and confine myself to Fernandina and the siege of Fort Pulaski. Your letter of the 6th rec- ominends me to reduce Fort Pulaski in preference to attempting Savan- nah. In my letter of the 14th December last the Department will perceive that my plan was to carry on both at once. The essential * Sec McClellan to Sherman, March 6, p. 238 Page 254 254 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. features of that plan I had not departed from, and have been very desirous of carrying out, particularly after the opportunity we discov- ered for taking Savannah by a coup de main failed for want of co-opera- tion of the Navy, the particulars of which the Department has already been apprised of. I humbly bow to the decisions of my superiors in Washington, but still, general, from the point here to view the subject, I cannot but regret that my plan could not have been carried out. I had every confidence in it, and believe it would have been executed with not so much sacri- fice as the general seemed to imagine. However, the preparations for the bombardment of Pulaski are being made as fast as the material arrives. The mortar and columbiad bat- teries are all constructed, mortars mounted, and all the shot and shell yet arrived in position. We are still waiting for the columbiad carriages and a considerable portion of the shot and shell. The work is of such a character, you are well aware, that we must be in a state of perfect preparation before opening fire. It is hoped that we shall be permitted to get through this job early enough in the season to afford a pretty large force in the direction of Charleston, a nucleus from which, in the shape of two regiments, I have already forwarded on the North Edisto River. The batteries on the mud flats of the Savannah River work like a charm, and, what is remarkable, our men there are in perfect health. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, I?. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. ON BOARD THE ADELAIDE, En route to Fortress Monroe, Baltimore, ]Warch 27, 1862. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have to state that my continued reflection convinces me that for efficient action it is indispensable that more troops should be sent immediately to South Carolina. I know as well now as I can possibly know when I shall have reached there that from 20,000 to 25,000 addi- tional troops should be sent. If you could send me General Sedgwicks division, which I suppose to be now with our iear corps darm5e, I should be very glad; and, even with these alone, would almost guarantee to have our flag waving over Fort Sumter by the anniversary of its capture. I have the honor most respectfully and earnestly to solicit your early attention to this request, and that you will be kind enough to advise me of your decision by telegraph, addressed to Fort Monroe. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, PAYJI) HUNTER, Major-General. HEADQUARTERS EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, Port Royal, S. C., March 27, 1862. To Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR, Washington, D. C~: SIR: I have just received the Presidents War Order, No. 3, which directs reports to be made direct to the Secretary of War Page 255 CRAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 255 My recent letters to the Adjutant-General will show the general statu8 of affairs in this expedition. We hold the whole coast from North Edisto, 5. 0., to Saint Augustine, Fla. Rapid preparations are being made for the reduction of iFort Pulaski, Ga., and the Savannah River is occul)ied with a sufficient force to cut off all communications and supplies from Savannah. The attack of Savannah, for which we have been making preparations, has been given up, by direction of Major-General McClellan. The fire will be opened on Pulaski as soon as all the material has arrived from the North. I have left Brigadier-General Wright, with three regiments and two sections of light artillery, in the occupation of Fernandina, Jacksonville, and Saint Augustine, with the hope and expectation that by judicious management East Florida will soon be regenerated. No operations can be made on the main of South Carolina and Geor- gia for the want of proper means of transportationviz, light-draught steamers, boats, and wagonswhich have all failed to reach here, not- withstanding early and repeated requisitions for them. Now, indeed, that our forces have become so much scattered in the occupation of so extensive a coast, more troops will be required for any extensive inland operations. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS, Jacksonville, Fla., March 27, 1862. Lieut. Col. Louis BELL, Saint Augustine: 0oLoNm~: I have to acknowledge the receipt this evening of your two letters of the 26th and 27th instant, respectively; also yours of the 23d, forwarded by the dispatch schooner Azalea.* I much regret that at present I do not see how any of the force at this post or at Fernandina can be spared tore enforce your command. Here our force is not too great for our own security against the force the enemy could readily bring if he were disposed to attack us, unprovided as we are with defenses of any kind and with a long line, which we must picket for our own safety. Neither is the force at Fernandina too large, seeing that the fort at that point is of little moment. I look upon your position as the most secure by far of either of the three posts, even with your present small force, in view of the defensi- ble condition of Fort Marion, now that you have so successfully estab- lished the heavy ordnance on the work. It is no doubt true that you cannot with your present strength suc- cessfully defend the town from any attempt in force against it; and I should therefore advise that you confine your undertakings mainly to the fort and its surroundings, leaving the defense of the place, ~o some extent at least, to the inhabitants. Give the people to understand that they are to help themselves, and that you will then aid them. This, at any time, is all they could demand. In their present attitude, judging from your views as to their want of loyalty, it is more than they have a right to expect. * None of these found Page 256 256 COASTS OF S. C., GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. xv. Desirous, however, of strengthening you as soon as possible, I shall send to General Sherman a copy of your letter of the 26th instant, and ask that more troops be furnished, if they have them to spare. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS, Jacksonville, Pla., March 28, 1862. Capt. Louis H. PELOUZE: CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that nothing of importance has occurred at this place since the date of my last letter. Last night the pickets fired upon a party approaching them in what they conceived to be a suspicious manner, and of the two in advance killed one and wounded the other. They proved, upon examination, to be a party of negroes, who had escaped from their masters at Lake City. Information in regard to the positions and strength of the rebel forces is somewhat indefinite. From the best I can gather there are still several companiessix or seven perhapsin the neighborhood of McGists Creek, about 12 miles from here, and an additional force at Baldwin and at Sanderson, still farther off on the railroad. The last are of Colonel Hopkins regiment, the Fourth Florida; those at McGists Creek are of the Third Florida Regiment, commanded by Colonel Dilworth. An attack upon a portion of this force may be expedient, but at this moment I have not the information to warrant the movement. Lieutenant-Colonel Bell, Fourth New Hampshire Regiment, com- mander at Saint Augustine, applies pressingly for re-enforcements, as the marines sent by the flag-officer to that post have been withdrawn. I have replied in effect that the condition ot~ affairs here and at Fernan- dma does not permit me to increase his garrison from my command, and that while he should afford such protection as is in his power to per- sons and property in town, he should not by so doing compromise the safety of his command. I have further advised him that Fort Marion, with the armament he has put in place, will enable him to resist any attack likely to be brought against him, and that he should therefore direct his attention mainly to that point. He represents, as will be seen by his letter, that the loyalty of the people generally is doubtful, thus affording an additional reason for not exposing his force unnecessarily to protect a people who are not disposed to take active steps for their own defense. I think, however, with Lieutenant-Colonel Bell, that two additional companies to his gar- rison would be desirable, if they can be spared. With my present force I cannot spare them. I would also suggest that the two sections of the light battery at Feruandina, under the command of Captain Ransom, would be of more service here than where they are. With that additional force I could operate against the enemy with muck more prospect of success. I do not feel authorized, under existing orders, to bring them here for such a purpose without the sanction of the general commanding. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 257 CHAP. XV.] C 3RRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 257 HEADQUARTERS, Jack8onville, Pie., March 28, 1862. Capt. Louis H. PELOUZE: CAPTAIN: From intelligence received this evening from a deserter I learn that the enemy has an attack upon this place in contemplation so soon as his force, now somewhat scattered, can be concentrated. The force he is reported to have at command for such an enterprise is such as to make an addition to our strength here very desirable, and I have therefore decided to bring here the two sections of Hamiltons battery, now at Fernandina. The Cosmopolitan will leave here for the purpose to-morrow morning. The enemy is represented to have along the line of the railroad, or soon expected upon it, (1) the Third Florida Regiment; (2) the Fourth Florida Regiment; (3) a regiment of cavalry; (4) a company with six or seven pieces of artillery. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Brigadier- Genera 1, Commanding. PORT ROYAL, S. C., March 31, 1862. i~Jaj. Gen. D. HUNTER, Commanding Department of 1/se South: GENERAL: On being relieved from this command it is proper that I should report the condition of affairs here at the present time. We have been for some time making preparation for the reduction of Fort Pulaski, and are now only waiting to open our fire for the material brought in the Atlantic to be got out and landed at Tybee. The arma- ment set up for the operations consists of twelve 13-inch sea-coast mor- tars, four 10-inch siege mortars, five 10-inch columbiads, three 8-inch columbiads, and five large rifled guns. In the mean time, and since the 11th of February last, all communication has been cut off from Savan- nah by batteries erected on the marshes of Jones and Bird Islands. I have no doubt but the place will fall in a short time. Extensive preparations have also been made for the taking of Savan- nah, but I have been directed by the General-in-Chief to suspend all operations for the capture of that city. A plan that was laid by me to take the city by a coup de main with a combined land and naval force about the 20th January last failed for want of the promised co-operation on the part of the Navy. Since that time the defenses constructed are of such a nature as to render it im- possible to take it but by a siege entirely by land. Preparations are making also on Port Royal Island for the occupa- tion of the country up to the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, which we expected to accomplish in about a week or ten days hence. After the fall of Pulaski, and a proper occupation of all important places on the coast in our possession, it was my calculation to have 900 men disposable for any operation upwards from North Edisto. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. W. SHERMAN. Brigadier- General, Commanding Expeditionary 6orps. GENERAL ORDERS, ( HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, No. 1. Port Royal, S. C., March 31, 1862. I. Maj.. Gen. David Hunter, having arrived at this post, hereby as- sumeG, in accordance with the order of the War Department, the com- 17 R RYOL V Page 258 258 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. mand of the Department of the South, consisting of the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. II. For the convenience of military operations and the administration of department affairs this deliartment is divided into three districts, to be constituted as follows: 1st. The first, to be called the Northern District, will comprise the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and all that part of Florida north and east of a line extending from Cape Canaveral northwest to the Gulf coast, just north of Cedar Keys, and its dependencies, and thence north to the Georgia line. The headquarters of this district will be at Port 1~oyal, S. C., and Brig. Gen. II. W. Benham (who will relieve Brigadier- General Sherman) is appointed to command this district and the troops therein, which troops will constitute a division, to be called the First Division of the Department of the South. General Benham will receive fro~n General Sherman all charts, maps, plans, reports, moneys, & c., with all official records, returns, & c., appertaining to the expeditionary command in this district. 2d. The second, to be called the Southern District, will comprise all of Florida and the islands adjacent south of the said line from Cape Ca- naveral, extending northwest to the Gulf coast, just north of Cedar Keys. The headquarters of this district and the troops will remain, as at present, under command of Brig. Gen. J. M. Brannan. 3d. The third, to be called the Western District, will comprise that Part of Florida west of the line before described as running north from -Cedar Keys to the Georgia line. The headquarters of this district will remain at Fort Pickens, as at present, with Brig. Gen. L. G. Arnold. commanding. * * * * * * * lV. The staff of the major-general commanding the department will consist of the following-named officers: Maj. Charles G. ilalpine, assistant adjutant-general; Lieut. E. W. Smith, acting assistant adjutant-general; Col. J. W. Shaffer, chief quartermas- ter; Capt. J. W. Turner, chief commissary of subsistence. Maj. it. NI. Rough, Maj. Edward Wright, Capt. IR. W. Thompson, Capt. W. 11. Dole, Lient. S. W. Stockton, Lient. Charles E. Hay, Lieut. A. NI. JCinzie, Lient. A. 0. Doolittle, aides-de- camp. D. HUNTER, Major- General, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, No. 2. Port Royal, S. C., March 31, 1862. In relieving Brig. Gen. T. W. Sherman from duty in this department, pursuant to orders of the War Department, dated A. G. 0., Washing- ton, March 15, 1862, the major-general commanding desires to express to Brigadier-General Sherman his full appreciation of the amount and importance of the services rendered by the expedition under General Shermans command, and his thanks for the full, reliable, and valuable information as to the condition of the troops, defenses, & c., in this por- tion of the Department of the South, which General Sherman has fur- nished. By command of Maj. Gen. D. Hunter: CHAS. G. HALPINE, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 259 CHAP. XV.J CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 259 HDQRS. NORTHERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Head, S. 0., April 1, 1862. Brigadier-General VIELE: Mv DEAR GENERAL: I inclose YOU a l~opy of Major-General Hunters order assigning me to the late command of General Sherman. I regret much that different delays prevented my meeting you in per- son yesterday, and I missed communicating with your boat by suppos- ing it was to have been off Stoddards place, for which we were running, when we saw it where the pilot feared to go with our boat. My principal desire was to consult you with reference to your means and opportunhies of erecting mortar batteries at least, to take in reverse the south and southeast faces of Fort Pulaski and perhaps the north- east face, for by this means your forces can the more efficiently aid in the reduction of that work. I would be glad to have this subject receive your utmost attention. Now it occurs to me as possible to erect such a battery at the lower point of Long Island, with possibly one for direct fire on the faces next you, and I should wish a reconnaissance made there at once with this object. General Gilimore has a project for preparing a large scow (such as could be brought to you through Walls Cut) for the basis of a battery, and floating it to the required position, then to complete it as a land battery. It is very possible that this may be the best expedient for ~ou rself. I shall, however, be happy to receive from you any sugges- tions or plans that may accomplish best the object to be attainedthe most efficient aid from your force in the reduction of this stronghold. I have in view, unless other circumstances or probabilities of what I am not now hilly advised should prevent ft, the restoration to you of a part, at least, of the excellent troops of your brigade. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Commanding. IIDQRS. EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, DEPT. OF THE SOUTH Hilton Head, 5. 0., April 1, 1862. Brig. Gen. Q. A. GILLMORE, Commanding U. S. Forces, Tybee Island, Ga.: Mv DEAR GENERAL: Upon reflecting upon your proposition to pre- pare a scow as the basis of another battery above the mouth of Laza- retto Creek, and, looking upon your sketch map, I would suggest if it would not be best to take it up that creek and prepare the battery there, as it appears that it might be at nearly the end of the first angle to the north and on the prolongation of the gorge wall of the fort. This last line I would by all means select as the line of fire, if the battery caii be placed as well or nearly as well in that position, as it cuts off the cover the gorge might afford, gives more complete reverse fire on the north face, and nearly as well a sufficient reverse fire on the northeast face. If you can as securely, and with as much concealment, which would appear to me doubtful, place this battery on the south channel, which, however, appears but a short distance nearer, say 200 yards, it will l)erhaps be best. I would like the sketch of you.r l)roposed arrangement, with the guns, & c., of the scow, as I would desire, if found feasible, that General Viele, if no better means offers, should prepare one or two batteries of the samo Page 260 260 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAP. xv. kind to take the faces next you or reverse. Please have every means continued to cut oft communication and another field piece sent up to the upper batteries. I expect we shall re-enforce you before the actual commencement of the fire, but rest assured that, even if a senior should necessarily be sent with such troops (General Wright), General Hunter and myself will see (as he said to me) the fullestjustice done to your labors and efforts. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Commanding. IIDQRS. NORTHERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF THE SOUTh, Hilton Head, S. C., April 2, 1862. Brig. Gen. EGBERT L. VIELE, Commanding U. S. Forces, Daufuskie island, S. C.: (~KENERAL: The general commanding the district (Benham) has learned from General Sherman that there is at Turtle Island, nearly opposite and above Bloody Point, a small dry ridge, upon which there is a proba- bility that a mortar battery could be placed to act effectively against Fort Pulaski at a distance probably of not more than 2 miles, and which would of course take in reverse the faces exposed to the direct fire from Tybee. All those large mortars are already lauded at Tybee for service there, but there are at this place two of 10-inch and two of the 8-inch colum- biads, which it is believed can be effectively used as mortars for the purpose indicated, and that those guns, with such other materials as you may require, can be sent to you at Daucuskie Islandfor the latter part of the distance at night, if necessary. Will you please to give your early attention to this matter, reporting as early as possible your opinion of its feasibility, and, if favorable, what material you will require, as it is now of the utmost importance to our l)lans that this work, if undertaken, should be completed at the earliest possible moment; your estimate of which time you will please report in your reply. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A.B. ELY, Acting Assistant Adjutant. General. HDQRS. NORTHERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF TILE SOUTH, Hilton Head, S. C., April 3, 1862. Brig. Geu EGBERT L. VIELE, Commanding U. S. Forces, Daufuskie Island, S. C.: DEAR GENERAL: I shall hope to have your report about the feasi- bility of a columbiad battery this morning. The capture of 17 of Gillinores men will, I fear, inform the rebels of our preparations, and we may be obliged to open fire from Tybee pre. maturely or earlier than we would wish. Please take every precaution to seal the communication between the fort and city hermetically, if l)OSSible; even passing your men over at night to the south side of south channel, it you have the means. Very truly, yours, H. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General Page 261 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 261. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Savannah River, April 3, 1862. General II. W. BENHAM, Commanding First Division Department of the South: DEAR GENERAL: Your dispatch is just received, and as I have also just received the reports of the two officers whom I requested to make reconnaissances, I hasten to forward them, merely adding my own rapid conclusions that two flat-boats, properly arranged, one with two mortars and another with two rifled guns and one 8-inch howitzer, can be made very effective at the lower end of Long Island. I agree with Lieutenant Wilson in regard to Turtle Beach, more especially as the time that it would require to place columbiads in position (a week or t~n days at least) would render our efforts at that point inoperative under the cir- cumstances. If you will let me know your views by the courier in the morning I will at once arrange to put them into immediate execution. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, EGBERT L. VIELE, Brigadier- General, Gommanding. [Inciosures. J BATTERY HAMILTON, GA., Brig. Gen. EGBERT L. VIELE, April 2, 1862. Commanding, Savannah Ricer: GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, as directed by you, I this day and night made a reconnaissance of Long Island, and I sketch the result on the next page. The lower end of the is]and is detached at high tide. But, as I have viewed it, I cannot make the form of detachment and the maps agree. I sketch it as it looks to me. This afternoon, after examining the McQueen side of Long island, I passed around its head and went to a point marked B, being in sight of Pulaski all the time. At this point, I was honored with a very wild shot. I then returned, and to-night pr.oceeded as far as the point marked A. A is the best point for a battery, but guns cannot be landed there unobserved. At B guns can be landed in the night without attracting notice. A clump of tall cane, covering an area 600 feet in length and about 150 feet in ~vidth, would cover work. The ground is sufficiently firm, and sand can be procured from the shore of the island 300 or 400 feet from the spot. But any battery placed anywhere on the lower end of Long Island except at A must necessarily be small, the ground capa- ble of sustaining a battery being a strip parallel with the river and not over 30 yards wide at any l)oint. This would be the maximum battery face procurable. At A both shore and soil are favorable, if observation could be avoided in landing guns. I do not think, however, that it would be possible to erect a battery anywhere below the point marked B, owing to the fact that there is scarce any growth of either weed, brush, or cane below that point. I should judge B to be about 14 to 14 miles from the fort. Very respectfully, your obedieiit servatit, ~. T. BEARD, Major, Commanding Page 262 262 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV~ TURTLE IsLAND, GA., April 3, 1862. Capt. J. II. LIEBENATJ, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Brigade, U. S. Forces of the South: CAPTAIN: In reply to your letter of this date, requesting a report of my reconnaissance of Turtle Island, with a view to its occupation by a battery to aid in the reduction of Fort Pulaski, I have the honor t~ report as follows: I have twice visited and carefully examined that side of the island lying next to the fort, and am convinced that it is possible to erect bat- teries thereon, taking advantage of high tides for landing guns and material. But the labor would be exceedingly heavy, and the difficul- ties to b6 overcome in transporting the gnns from the landing place over the marsh, a distance of about 500 yards, would be greater than any yet encountered in erecting batteries on the Savannah. Considering the fact that the nearest point of fast land in Turtle Island is 2k miles from Fort ~Pu1aski, the battery, although mounting the heaviest guns, would necessarily be inefficient. The inclosed sketch, taken from the Coast Survey charts, shows the topography of the island. The only point at which guns can be landed and removed to ground hard enough to support them is near the mouth of Wright River, marked A. From there to the head of the woods, the nearest point to the fort and the only one where cover can be obtained, is about 500 yards. The ground is comparatively hard, and by the use of corduroy road would allow the passage of the heaviest guns. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. II. WILSON, First Lieutenant, Topographical Engineers. IIDQRS. NORTHERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Head, S. 0., April 3, 1862. Flag-Officer S. F. DUPONT, Commanding U. S. South Atlantic Squadron: SIR: - By reports received this morning from Tybee Island we learn that some 17 of our men and a field piece, in a plantation canoe, have just been captured by the enemy at or near Wilmington Island, as we fear, through some mismanagement of the lieutenant in command. Acting Brigadier-General Gillmore at omice applied to the command- ing officer of the gunboat near to aid him in protecting the Augustine Creek Channel, which he has kindly consented to do, by sending a boat there for the present, awaiting, however, your further orders or sanction in the matter, As it will now be of the utmost importance to cut off the communica- tion of Fort Pulaski with the city, it being rumored and learned that $12,000 has been offered there for bringing off the garrison, and, as I immediately after my visit to Tybee directed every precaution possible to be taken on our part, Twill trust that you may be able to aid us in this matter and would respectfully request that you would sanction the movement ~f your commanding officer there, and aid us in this effort by such further means as are in your power from this place; for, with the information which we fear the enemy may obtain from our men (if pris- oners, as we expect), we may find it expedient to open our batteries some- what prematurely or before we had intended. I would mention that the Boston is no~v coaling, and as soon as sh Page 263 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 263 returns I propose to send her to Edisto, with a battery of artillery, and if you have been able to obtain a proper pilot, which my own inquiries have not enabled me to possess as yet, I should be happy to meet your wishes~ in having him accompany her, and tow the Dale out from Otter Island. Will you please let me know immediately if you have a pilot ~ Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. BENIJAM, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TIlE SOUTH, Hilton Head, Port Royal, S. C., April 3, 1862. Hon. E. M. STANTON, secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to report my arrival here on the 30th ultimo. I address you by the first opportunity since my arrival. I find about 17,000 troops scattered along the coast from Saint Augus- tine, Fla., to North Edisto Inlet, South Carolina~, distributed as follows: At Saint Augustine, Fla 200 At Jacksonville, FIa 1,400 At mouth of Saint Johns River, Fin . - 70 At Fernandina, Fin 900 At Tybee Island, Ga. 2,200 At Danfuskie Island, S. C 1,600 At Bird Island,S. C 300 At Jones Island, S. C 300 At Hilton Head, S. C 4,500 At Bay Point, S. C 80 At Beaufort, S. C 3,600 At Otter Island, S. C 450 At North Edisto River, S. C - 1,400 17,000 It is my opinion that this force is entirely too much scattered and is sub.ject to be cut off in detail. I shall order an abandonment of Jacksonville, Fla., and the re-enforce- ment of Forts Marion and Clinch. From later accounts I may add the Union feeling in Florida is not so strong as we were first induced to believe. The batteries for opening on Fort Pulaski have been retarded by the non-arrival of the necessary guns, ammunition, & c. But Captain Gill- more, who deserves great credit for his untiring and scientific exertions, is now nearly ready, and by the next steamer I hope to be able to announce to you the fall of Pulaski. We then shall be able to hold the Savannah River with a small force and to concentrate on Charleston. General Sherman made a requisition in December for five steamers drawing no~ more than 6 feet each. He informs me that they were purchased for him and sent from New York, but put imito Hatteras in a storm, and are there detained by General Buruside. We are still very much in want of these light-draught boats, and, as we have but three wagons to a regiment, they are absolutely essential. On my leaving Washington yoff had the kindness to promise me what- ever force I might ask. We shall do all that men can do with the small force we have; but it distresses me to be in such a beautiful situation for striking strong blows without the arms to strike. I beg that you will send us at once as many men as you think we can use to advantage, as all the officers in command report the re-enforcement of the enemy on their respective fronts Page 264 264 COASTS OF S. C, GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FJAA. [CHAP. XV. I most earnestly request that 50,000 muskets, with all the necessary accouterments, and 200 rounds for each piece, may be sent to me at once, with authority to arm such loyal men as 1 can find in the country, whenever, in my opinion, they can be used advantageously against the enemy. It is important that I should be able to know and distinguish these men at once, and for this purpose I respectfully request that 50,000 pairs of scarlet pantaloons may be sent me; and this is all the clothing I shall require for these people. I believe the rebel regiments as they retreat from the Army of the Potomac come directly to their respective States, and that in this way the force opposed to us here is becoming considerably augmented. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. HUNTER, ]IfcUor- General, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, IIDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF TILE SOUTH, No. 3. f Port Royal, S. C., April 3, 1862. The following-named officers are hereby announced as additional mem- bers of the staff of the major-general commanding 1)epartment of the South, and will report accordingly: Surg. George F. Cooper (Medical I)epartment, U. S. Army), medical director; Capt. Louis II. Pelouze (Fifteenth Infantry, U. S. Army), act. lug inspector-general; First Lient. Francis J. Shunk (Ordnance Depart- ment, U. S. Army), chief of ordnance; First Lient. James II. XVilson, (Topographical Engineers, U. S. Army), chief topographical engineer; First Lieut. E. J. Keenan (Eleventh 1~ennsylx-ania Volunteers), chief signal officer. By command of Maj. Gen. I). Hunter: CHAS. G. HALPiNE, ]llajor and Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. NORThERN DISTRICT, DEPT. 01 TILE SOUTH, litton Read, S. C., April 4, 1862. Ih-ig. Gen. EGBERT L. VIELE, Commanding U. S. Porces, Daufuskie Island, S. C.: GENERAL: Your letters reporting your reconnaissance were received late in the night, and the conclusion I come to is that the point you have marked B on Long Island should be selected for a battery; the ridge has width enough by your description for all the guns. I pro- pose four iu~all that we have available, for which 30 yards will suffice, as little traverse is required; and, if more were needed and were avail- able, I can see no objection to placing a second liattery in rear of the first, the latter to be vacated by die men at the actual time of firing the rear battery. I would hope it might be I)OsSible to prepare a battery of four guns in less time than eight or ten days. I think it will be best to make your arrangements for the cons~ructioi~ of such .i batterynot for direct fire, of course, at that distanceand, besides, we cannot conveniently arrange l)intle centers, & e. This you will recol- lect is for two 10-inch and two 8-inch columbiads, and, if I can l)ro- cure a proper scow, I will also arrange for a battery for rifled Pieces for direct fire Page 265 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. 265 I will communicate with you again by this afternoons courier or in the morning. Very respectfully, your obediant servant, II. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES Savannah River, April 4,1862. General H. W. BENHAM, Commanding First Division, Department of the South: GENERAL: In my communication of yesterday I referred to the time it would take to put guns on Turtle Island, which, on account of the l)eculiar topography of that island, would be attended with delay and difficulty. But the gnus on Long Island can be put in position at once. I have one 8-inch and one 10-inch mortar which I can use. The rebels were l)115y all night last night moving troops towards Wilmington Island. They have evidently something on the tapis. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, EGBERT L. VIELE, Commanding General. HDQRS. NORTHERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Head, S. C., April 5, 1862. FlagOfficer S. F. DUPONT, Corn in anding Son th Atlantic Blockading ASqaadron, Port Royal harbor, S. C.: COMMODORE: I trust your dispatches for Warsaw have arrived in time to go by my courier, whom I have sent to recall, if l)Ossible, it not, I will have them at Tybee this afternoon, and if my engineers can con- trive a means of obstructing Wilmington River, I will have it done, though I much fear now the force of the enemy, believed to have been increased lately in that vicinity, may render this more difficult than at a previous day, if not impossible even. The reports from General Viele from Daufuskie last night lead us to Pear that the rebels are concentrating troops near Wilmington Island, wobably for an effort to relieve or re-enforce the garrison of Fort Pulaski, as it appears impossible for a land force to act efficiently in those marshes, and we have scarcely any means for effective action by water. General Hunter and myself were last evening most earnest in wishing that you had the means of increasing your own power to an ~ml)ortant extent just now on the Wilmington Narrows and on the Tybee River. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. W. BENHAM, Brigadier- General, Cornmahding. HDQRS. NORThERN DISTRICT, DEPT. OF THE SOUTH, flilfon Head, S. C., April 8, 1862. Col. ENOCH Q. FELLOWS, Commanding U. AS~ Forces, Edisto island, AS~ C.: COLONEL: The general commanding desires that you would take every Opportunity that offers, either by negroes who come from th Page 266 266 COASTS OF S. C.; GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. rebels, by scouts, or other means, of acquiring and transmitting to him all information, with sketch, plans, and descriptions, when practicable, of the best routes of approaching Charleston or James Island, either by land or water. If the rebels come down in force to occupy or remain at Jehossee Island, and you feel sure that you have strength enough, with the aid from Otter Island, to make a dash at them and to rout them from there, you are authorized to do this; or, on learning from you that more force would be requisite, he would, if such force were available from this vicinity, either sen(l or take it to you for this purpose. It does not appear desirable to occupy the island farther inland, than Edisto, except such small portions of adjacent shores as niay be neces- sary for the security of our pickets on that island, and the main body of your troops will habitually be kept in such position that they can easily be concentrated for resistance to an attack. An especial vigilance is urged upon you at this time, when other important efforts are being made here, as there may be attempts at diversion in your direction, and a full security for your forces would be preferable to attacks upon,the enemy, if they even appear to be open to it, at this juncture. Respectfully, your obedient servant, A. B. ELY, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, Hilton Read, Port Royal, S. C., April 8, 1862. Flag-Officer SAMUEL F. DUPONT, Commanding South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, On Board U. S. S. Wabash: COMMODORE: I contemplate opening the attack on Fort Pulaski by sunrise to-morrow morning, and have to ask of you all the co-operation and assistance in your power. A few days further delay would place our batteries on Tybee Island in a perfect condition perhaps, but I am satisfied that suc~i delay would be of more service to the enemy than to ourselves. I have the honor to be, commodore, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. HUNTER, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, North Edisto, S. C., April 9, 1862. Lieut. A. B. ELY, A. A. A. G., Hdqrs. Nort7~crn Did., Dept. of the South: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 8th instant. I will make every endeavor, through spies, inteffi- gent contrabands, & c., to get the required information as regards the best approaches to & harleston, and will forward immediately to the commanding general whatever information I may get. I visited the outposts of my command yesterday and find everything in an admirable condition; the pickets are well posted, and the whole force, consisting of two regiments of infantry and four pieces of artillery, can be quickly concentrated at any point. I do not think the rebel Page 267 Ca& r. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 261 are in large force on Jehossee Island; their pickets are stationed awl can be seen at Watts Cut. I do not think it advisable to make any advance on Jehossee Islan& at present with the force I have, as it could only be held with the assist- ance of a gnnboat. A field officer of the day was seen visiting the rebel pickets on the 7th instant, which indicates that there is more than one regiment in the vicinity. I am making every effort to ascertain the strength of the enemys forces in that vicinity, and will report when Ii get the desired information. I shall make a reconnaissance on the Pocahontas soon towards White Point and on the Dawho River. I would request, if it can be conveni- ently spared, a gunboat drawing not over 7 feet of water. The sioop- of-war Dale has not yet arrived at this port. The Pocahontas draws too~ much water to run in the South Edisto River. The contrabands will be forwarded immediately by the Mayflower. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. Q. FELLOWS, Colonel Third New Hampshire Infantry. CONFEDERATE CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ AD:UTANT AND INsPECToR GEN.$ OFFICE, No. 130. * Richmond, August 21, 1861. * * * * * XII. The undernientioned brigadier-generals of the Provisional Army of the Confederate States are assigned to duty as follows, viz: * * * * * * * 2d. Brig. Gen. Roswell S. Ripley will assume command of the Depart- ment of South Carolina and the coast defenses of that State. * * * * * * * 5th. Brig. Gen. John B. Grayson will proceed to Florida, and assume command of the Department of Middle and Eastern Florida, and the coast defenses of the same. * * * * * * * By command of the Secretary of War: JNO. WITHERS, Assistant Adjutant- General. CHARLESTON, August 31, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant-General: Two transports with troops off bar yesterday; to-day off Bull Island~ Probably enemy from Hatteras, after destroying batteries. Have re-en- forced ~tono heavily. Have ordered Orrs regiment to Suinmerville to reserve. Have called on governor for another, besides holding Charles- ton volunteers in readiness to move until our batteries are in order. Must have force to prevent enemys landing, if possible. Hope, if nniu- terrupted, to dispense with extra force in fifteen days. If from one to four officers, having knowledge of ordnance or artillery duty, can be sent here, will assist greatly. R. S. RIPLEY, Brijqadier-General Page 268 ~68 COASTS OF S. C, GA~, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. xv. HEADQUARTERS SOUTH CAROLINA, Hon. L. P. WALKER, September 1, 1861. Secretary of War: SIR: Colonel Gregg has two companies here, and desires that they may be received for the war into his regiment. As the la~v only ad- mits of tell companies to a regiment, I refer the matter to you, and request an immediate decision, as I desire orders extended to these two companies. If agreeable to you I should most cordially assign these companies to his regiment, as he is a colonel of great experience and of the most distinguished standing. If there is any officer to whom twelve companies could be intrusted, then I should urge most respect- fully the permission for Colonel Gregg. I shall not be able to arm them, as we have not a single arm to spare out of this State, and I am now remodeling the old arms picked np in the country, so as to try and be able to get arms for the forty-two companies now in camp under your requisition. You recollect you directed them to be formed into regi- ments and to elect their field officers. One of these regiments has done so. and the others will in a few days. The President has telegraphed me to retain Colonel Ons regiment for our coast defense. The exposed coast of North Carolina will now be in possession of the enemy, an(l it en(langers our whole defenses. Under these circumstances I would respectfully ni-ge that Colonel Greggs regiment be ordered to our coast, for the seasomi is just approach- ing when an invasion may be anticipated, l)articularly after our recent disasters on the defenseless coast of Noith Carolina. If you were to order Colonel Greggs regiment into this State I presume his commis- sion given by the President would be of older date than any volunteer regiment in the State, and, if so, it would make him the ranking colonel, aIl(l his experience w-ould thus give confidence to the country. I shall also place Colonel Dunovant and his regiment, recently organ- ized under your requisition for the 3, OOt), under orders for our sea-coast. I can arm an(l equip his re~-imemmt. Colonel Om-rs I have already armed and equipped, and I will go on to arm the others as fist as I can, and if you inform me immediately that Colonel Greggs regiment will be stationed in South Caroliua, I will try and arm these two companies now here for his re~imemit, if you decide to receive them. Please inform me by telegram. With Ons, Dun ovants, and Greggs regiments I would feel safe, as I have a stationary fox-ce organized in the city of Charleston of 3,000 well armed and trained men, ready to act, besides Colonel Hey- wards State regiment, now in actual service on the l3eaufort coast amid ~tt the batteries recently erecte(l. I have also Colonel Manigaults State regiment on the coast of George- town, above Charleston, and in the batteries. I have or(lered another State regiment of well-trained men under Colonel 1-lagood, into the forts at Coles Island, on the Stono,25 muiles from Clmarlestomm. These three colonels are thorough military men and of tIme highest standing and military education. 1 have also six companies of infantry (x~egulars) on Sullivans Island, amd four of tlme battalion of regular artillery imi Fort Sumter and Fort Moultnie. I have ordered five months supplies into the former, to stan(l a siege, if necessary, and am raising two new artillery companies to l)ut into it, but in the mean time will order other companies into it for the l)i-eseLIt. Besides Coloncl Ilagoods regiment, now in the forts on Stono, I have there three regular comupanies of in- fantry and the battalion of re~-ular dragoons, munstered in as infantry, under Major Lucas, so that 1 have imi time forts and islands aroun Page 269 CHAP. XV2 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 26~ Charleston about 1,800 men, all well drilled, and a reserve in the city of about 3,000. This, with the State regiments under Colonels Heyward and Manigault, constitute about 7,500 men, and the hdditionai regi- ments of Colonels Orr, Dunovant, and Gregg would make good 10,000 men. Witk this force, and ten cavalry companies 1 have on the coast and the reserves of about 3,000 men at the two camps of instruction, I think I could feel safe for the pre~ent. I am thus particular in detail& that you may understand our position and let the President know it. All I beg i~ an answer as soon as possible, so that I may act as soon as possible. I also earnestly beg, if possible, that you will order me, if you have it at Norfolk, 40,000 pounds of cannon powder. I loaned time governor of North Carolina 25,000 pounds, and also the governor of Florida, for Fernan(lina and Saint Augustine, 5,000 pounds, besides what 1 sent to Memphis, Teun. If 1 could be sure of getting 40,000 pounds as a reserve for Charleston, I would immediately order a fall supply of cannon pow- der for about 100 guns I have now on our coast below Charleston. As. it is, I fear to drain Charleston entirely. I bought for the State last December and January about 300,090 pounds from Hazards Mills, in Connecticut, but I have distributed all of it but about 40,000 pounds,. and used a great deal in our batteries in the harbor of Charleston. Please let me know immediately as to this point. I now desire to get from you permission to raise for the war an- other regiment of rifles, and I think, if you give me the power, I can get it up with men who will arm themselves from our private rifles and arms in their own hands. I think I could make a choice regiment, and with little or no expense as to arms, and selected from men who would incur the necessary expenses, and, if you will give me the power to d~ so, and for me to appoint the field officers, and even the company officers~ I could selec~t men who were graduates of our State military institutions and of West Point, and I could select officers who are now in our regu- lar State forces, and in the first volunteer regiments now in Yirginia~ to put in position. I would do so, because our regular forces and our forces in Virginia are only for one year, and most of their terms will expire in January and February next, and I desire to secure, in ad- vance, the services of their officers for the war, as many of them have been in the late United States Army, and all of our regular forces have military education. 1 know them, and could make selections of officers for companies that would advance the public service greatly. Please let me know on this point as soon as you can, and I will then proceed, in a quiet way, to raise a rifle regiment for the war, with offi- cers all selected with an eye single to secure military education and qualifications. I would also desire to raise two full companies of cav~ aIry, to be attached to it, of men who would arm themselves. I have the honor to be, ve~y respectfully, F. W. P1CKENS. IIDQRS. PROVJSIONAL FORCES, DEPT. OF S. C., Charleston, September 1, 1861. GENERAL: I have the honor to request that authority may be given me to provide the force necessary for the defense of the batteries now being finished at (hifferent points of the coast. For this I think the fol- lowing will be necessary. 1st. Authority to muster into service for the war, for special duty on the coast., a force not exceeding 1,500 men Page 270 270 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV~ 2d. Authority to establish a recruiting service for the enlisted troops iiow on duty, viz, the regiment of South Carolina infantry and the battalion of South Carolina artillery, that the former may be recruited and filled tip to ten full companies, and the latter increased to a regi- inent, with its proper complement of field officers. This will, of course, require the co-operation of the governor of the State. 3d. Authority to procure, as speedily as may be, such means of trans- port, armed if necessary, as will insure a speedy communication and transport, by the inland routes, between the different points of the coast, ~as well as such facilities for guard service as may be necessary. 4th. To enable these things to be done as speedily as possible, and to provide such material as may be required by the chief engineer in charge of the coast defenses and by the ordnance officer on duty here, that means to the following amounts may be placed to the credit of the following officers, subject to draft for no other purpose than the defenses of the coast, unless by order of the Secretary of War: To the chief engineer, Major Trapier, $50,000; ordnance officer, Captain Childs, $25,000; quar- termaster, Captain Lee, $100,000; total, $175,000. The reasons for the above are as follows: For the first, that many men will be willing to muster into service for a particular locality who would not engage to go beyond the limits of the State or the coasts adjacent. It would also be bad policy to take too many men from the vicinity of these plantations, drawn from localities thickly settled with black popu- lation. For the second, is the manifest importance of keeping up the strength of the small force enlisted in the department, being more reliable for the continued service of guarding the forts and batteries than men of a dif- ferent class. For the third, that our only means of communication are by the inland routes, which are tortuous and shallow, and only available for certain classes of vessels. If we have these vessels and speedy communication the inland navigation is a great element of strength,, but without it it is one of weakness, enabling the enemy, by means of his barges, to over- power weak batteries, cut the communication, and lay waste whole sec- tions of country containing valuable property. The guard service is required to enable us to watch the enemys fleet, to assist vessels which may be endeavoring to run the blockade, and give timely notice of an attack in force. It is within my knowledge that one or two vessels at least have been warned off the harbor or captured which might have successfully run the blockade had there been a guard steamer to succor them. The brig West Indian, which ran the blockade this morning with 1,500 bags of coffee, came very near being lost by the wind failing when within 2 miles of the range of the forts and batteries. Had the calm lasted half an hour, chased as she was by the steam frigate and sloop of war now blockading here, she must have been captured by the boats of the squadron. A steam guard boat would have secured her from any hazard. The reason for the fourth is, that while the War Department at Rich- mond is occupied with business of such gigantic importance as it now has in hand, many requisitions of vital importance lay by for their turn for consideration and action. Meantime master workmen and mechanics, many of them having their capital exhausted or in accounts against the Government, are in the present state of the money market often unable to pay their workmen, and delay ensues in important business. Funds provided for general service in the Quartermasters Department often are expended by requisition from abroad. Of the three requisi- Page 271 Cit~r. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 271 tions which have been made by the staff officers, attended to by my order, and which I have the honor to inclose, that most readily, dis- pensed with is that of the Ordnance Department. Most of the material can be provided for by the guard service, but for various articles it would be well to have a fund for special purposes of coast defenses. The estimate for the Quartermasters Department will be wanted espe- cially to carry out the purposes mentioned iu the third paragraph. I have to request that the inclosed special requisitions be submitted with this communication for such action as may be deemed most proper by the Department. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. S. RIPLEY, Brigadier- General. [Indorsement.] SEPTEMBER 5, 1861. The original letter of General Ripley, of which this is a copy, has not yet been received at this office. The subject is, however, of such impor- tance as to require immediate action, and hence this paper is respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War. S. COOPER, Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS, S. C., September 2, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War: DEAR SIR: In my letter of yesterday I urged you to send back Col- onel Greggs regiment to this State for the coast. Upon further reflec- tion I withdraw any request of the kind, and leave it entirely to your own judgment as to the whole matter. You know the general plans and our resources, and I do not. I desire, therefore, now to leave the matter as to the disposition of Colonel Greggs regiment entirely to your own judgment, and hereby withdraw any reqi~iest of mine on that point. If you will immediately authorize me I can raise many more companies for the war, and put them at the two camps of instruction, and perhaps it would be better for the President to appoint all field officers, or, if he will leave the appointments to me, I will make them from graduates of West Point or our own military academies, or from officers who have shown merit in the regiments now in Virginia whose terms of service will begin to expire in January and February next. I could also take officers from the regular forces now in this State whose terms will expire about February next, and thus save all our best officers by their appoint- ment in forces for and during the war. If I can have discretion of this kind, I can then at these camps increase our forces greatly for the war, and as our twelve-months volunteers return from Virginia, I can catch nearly all of them immediately and save the best of their officers~ Please give me an early answer on this point. The four regiments at the camps at present are electing, as you have, in yours of the 15th of July last, directed that they should do. But all to be received after this, I desire field officers to be appointed either by the President or named by me and confirmed by the Presi- dent or in any way the President thinks proper. I have four very fine cavalry companies in camp, and would be glad f you would allow me to name a major to command them. I desire you to give l)CrlnisSion for me to raise two full regiments o Page 272 272 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV~ cavalry besides, for and during the war, and if you caii give inc any assutance as to pistols and holsters, I think that I can do it. Let the President appoint their field officers, and let them elect their company officers, and when the number is full order them to the catnp for (Jon- federate service. If it is not your policy to raise two more regiments, then l)erhaps you might allow one. The present four companies are by express telegraph from President Davis. I have three regiments and four companies of cavalry at one camp, and if you will permit I will appoint a very scieuitific officer, Major Stevens, the head of our military academy, to command them, and take charge of the camp for temporary purl)oses. Perhaps I could get Col. Thomas F. Drayton, who is a graduate of West Point, and a perfect and high-bred gentleman. Very respectfully, . ~. PICKENS. P. S.I most respectfully urge you will receive no more troops for any period except for and during the war, and let it be known. COLUMBIA, September 2, 1861. Hon. Mr. WALKER, Secretary of IVar: Will you allow me eight more companies for the war and formation of another regimentthe President to apl)oint, as lie desiresColonel Drayton to command? Please let inc know. F. W. PICKENS. HEADQUARTERS MiLITARY DISTRICT, Savannah, September 3, 1891. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War, Richmond, Va. SIR: I beg to call your attentiou to the pressing necessity for addi- tional troops on this coast at the earliest possible moment. I ha\-e received and mustere(l into service enough to replace the two regiments suddenly ordered to Virginia (Semines and Williams regiments), and these are but enough to man the batteries on the coast, leaving us no protection on the main-land in case of trouble. Nearly all the compa- nies I have at this moment ame entireW raw and undisciplined. The large calls upon the State of Georgia have taken away nearly every trained company and all the arms, except such as may be found in private hands. I am now endeavoring to organize all such as can furmiish their own arms and muster them into service. In this way only can I secure a force that will give any protection to this coast. May I ask the favor of you to say at once, by telegraph, that I may continue to organize new regiments and battalions on and near this coast? I wish to quiet the apprehensions of the people, by assuring them that I have full authority to organize and muster in until we have a sufficient force. If the Department is willing to make appoimitments of colonels of these regiments, I recommend that Duncan L. Clinch (son of the late General Clinch) be forthwith appointed colonel, with authority to raise a reg Page 273 ChAP. Xv.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 273 ment for this coast. In any event please send me the telegraphic dis- patch which I have above requested. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. li. LAWTON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERs SOUTh CAROLiNA Hon. L. P. WALRER, Columbia, September 4, 1861. Secretary of War, Richmond, Va.: SIR: Iii reply to your communication of the 9th of August last to the governor of South Carolina, in relatioii to he First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Glover, I have the honor to state that in consideration of the large number of State troops already in Virginia~, and the recent requisitions of your Departmeiit for five additional regiments (which re~inients are now nearly ready to take up the line of march), and in view of the anticipated invasion on our coast this coming winter, as evidenced by the Northern ])~C55 and the Hat- teras affiuir, the State authorities deem it inexpedient to permit the First Regiment South Carolina Volunteers (State trooI)s) to leave the State for their unexpired term of service. The regiment is now guard- ing an exposed portion of our coast. His excellency the governor and the State authorities feel assured that you will not accept the services of any independent troops without they present the consent of the governor. 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. R. GIST, Adjutant and Inspector General of South Carolina. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DISTRICT, Hon. L. P. WALKER, Savannah, September 4, 1861. Secretary of War: SIR: In addition to what I said in my letter of yesterday in reference to the urgent necessity for a large addition to the military force on this coast an(l a recommendation that Duncan L. Clinch, esq., be authorized to raise a regiment for local defense, I take leave respectfully to suggest that the elections for field officers of vegiments within my observation have proved very disastrous to discipkiie an(l efficiency. If consistent with the views of the War Department I would be truly pleased to see all such appoilitments here made by the President, and I will suggest names, if (lesired. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. R. LAWTON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S A Brigadier-General RIPLEY, Richmond, September 6, 1861. Commanding Charleston, S. C.: SIR: A copy of your letter of September 1 to Adjutant-General Cooper has been submitted to this Department. In view of its impor- tance I take the earliest O1)pOrtunity to reply. 18 R RVOL V Page 274 274 COASTS OF S. C, GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. The authority for which you ask, to muster into service for the war, for special duty on the coast, a force not exceeding 1,500 men, is graiited, but at the same time I take occasion to say that, as Governor Pickeiis is already organizing a force for home defense, it will be proper for you, so far as practicable, to act in concert with la;~, to avoid both unpleasant corn plications and unnecessary expenses. 2d. The authority asked for to establish a recruiting service for the enlisted troops now on duty,~~ & c., as proposed, is also granted. 3d. With regard to the proposal to provide meau~ of transport, armed, if necessary, & c., this Department must be, to a great extent, guided by your own view of the actual necessity of your position. The Department is, therefore, unwilling to refuse any means of (lefense which you recommend as necessary, and such armed transports as you propose will be allowed within the limits of as reasonable expenditure as may be rendered necessary. All requisitions made in consequence of this expenditure within the limit of necessary defense will be granted promptly, and the difficulties which you suggest as likely to arise in the execution of these plans, and in view of which you ask a departure from the usual rule, may, it is hoped, be without necessity of snch departure, easily and satisfactorily obviated, without the necessity of such arrange- ments as you propose. The requisitions inclosed by you have been sent to the proper bureaus, and will doubtless receive prompt attention. Respectfully, your obedient servant, L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War. SAvANNAH, September 8, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER: There is much alarm here about the coast. Stronger force and vigor- ous action absolutely necessary. Will you increase the force and quicken the energy, or will you furnish funds to support troops and approbate prompt State action for that purpose ~ I wish to avoid all conflict of authority, but prompt action is indispensable. Please answer immedi- ately. JOSEPH E. BROWN. RICHMOND, September 9, 1861. Governor BROWN, Savannah, Ga.: In a letter to General Lawtou I have ordered him to increase his force as he may deem necessary. All legitimate expenditures for this purpose within the line uf his approval will be paid by the Government. L. P. WALKER, RICHMOND, September 9, 1861. General A. R. LAWTON, Savannah, Ga.: You are authorized to organize such military force as is in your opinion necessary for the defense of the coast of Georgia. JOHN TYLER, JR., Acting Chief ~f Bureau of War Page 275 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 275 W~ALR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., Richmond, September 10, 1861. His Excellency FRANCIS W. PIcx~NS, Governor of South Carolina: SIR: It affords me very great pleasure to acknowledge your very interesting communication to this Department of the 1st and 2d of the l)resent month, and to congratulate you upon the evidence they furnish of the ceaseless energies put forth by the governor of South Carolina during your administration. Where such faithful manifestations of l)ublic concern exist, guided and controlled by such admirable wisdom and policy, it is profoundly to be regretted that this Department is so circumscribed by law as not always to have it in its power to second your suggestions. Under the law a regiment is limited to ten com- panies, and therefore your proposition to incorporate two additional companies into Colonel Greggs regiment, although based on sound reasoning and solid facts, cannot be granted. Colonel Gregg has been informed more at large of the manner in which the action of this Department is circumscribed in the premises, and will doubtless com- municate with you on the subject. Nor does there exist any authority by which I can authorize you to appoint company officers. They are invariably elected, according to the laws regulating the militia of the States respectively, and this is the case where vacancies occur after troops have been received and mustered into the Confederate service. To enable the Government even to appoint field officers troops must come to it direct, without State intervention, under the amended acts of Congress passed at the second session. Then they must come solely by companies, and be mustered into the service as such. Thus your excellency will perceive how utterly impossible it is for this Depart- ment to entertain your proposition in these respects. Neither can I gratify you by accepting the two unarmed cavalry regiments you generously offer. The service does not absolutely require them, and our present resources do not admit of their acceptance. But the two cavalry companies to which you allude will be received, if armed and equipped; and where there is necessarily so much negation of your wishes, I am happy to say that the rifle regiment you propose to raise for the war and to arm will be taken into service. This Department, through an anxious desire to oblige you, will also receive ten companies, to be offered by companies, and to be organized by its authority into a regiment, thus reserving to itself the right to appoint the field officers; bnt if your excellency can possibly arm these companies, it is sincerely hoped you will arm them, though it be only with the flint musket, country rifle, or heavy shot-gun. The cannon powder that you ask for cannot be spared by the Ordnance Office unless there be an absolute existing necessity for it, under the pressure of demand in other quarters, where it is indis. pensable. It is preferred that your excellency will retain your patience upon the subject for the present. I entirely concur with your excellency in the policy of not accepting any more troops except for the war, and have endeavored ever since the Congress invested this Department with the discretionary power of thus receiving military tenders to limit its favor by this policy; but as our arms have not been abnndant, it has been and still is a matter of pure necessity to accept tenders coming to us armed for a less period Page 276 276 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. With renewed congratulations upon the martial force of your State and considerations ot high personal regard, I remain, your excellencys obedient servant, L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War. HDQRS. MIL. DEPT. MIDDLE AND EAST FLORIDA, Pernandina, September 13, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War, C. S., Richmond: SIR: The whole population of Florida may well unite with me, as they do, in deploring the condition of the State. I have been in the State nine days and have been at this place for five days. I have pulled down much of the battery and magazine, and when completed (I hope in two weeks) the harbor will be guarded and protected. An alarm existed a few days since, and the governor promptly called out a large force of volunteers, and a strong resistance could have been made, but without aid from Fort Clinch and the battery it would have been useless to ex- pect it. As sure as the sun rises, unless cannon, powder, & c., be sent to F]orida in the next thirty days, she will fall into the hands of the North. Nothing human can prevent it. There are not 4,000 pounds of powder at every post combined. The batteries are incorrectly put up and not finished. The enemy can land where they please. Guns and chassis are lying on the beach, though that I have remedied. There is not an officer to put up the guns or an officer to superintend their instruction when put up. There is not an officer to receive the supplies when they arrive. I have no assistant adjutant-general, nor an assistant commissary, nor an assistant quartermaster, nor an aide-de-camp. Mr. Wood, if ap- pointed a lieutenant, was applied for as aide, Mr. IAnson as assistant quartermaster. Captain Gott was applied for, and received orders, which were revoked; I applied for no one else, as I knew no one to apply for. I applied to General Cooper for Lieutenant Thomas, adjutant of Colonel Wards regiment Florida volunteers, who was dissatisfied with his posi- tion. Colonel Ward, Lieutenant Thomas informs me, will object to the transfer. I trust, Mr. Secretary, that you will take this communication under your immediate notice, and have the ordnance stores and the various officers sent at once. I send a list of guns and ammunition wanted forthwith. Florida will become a Yankee province unless meas- ures for her relief are promptly made. I leave to-morrow for Ta Ilahas- see, and shall, with all dispatch, visit Saint Marks, Apalachicola, Cedar Keys, and Tampa. I will communicate my movements from time to time. I sen(l a copy of my requisition for ordnance; also a circular found with many others, posted about this city. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant JOHN B. cTIIAYSON, Brigadier.Gencral, C. A., ~Jomdg. Middle and East Florida. [InclosuresI Requisition for ordnance and ordnance stores required to be filled at the earliest moment for the Military Department of Middle and East Florida, and to be consigned to Capt. William Hickman, assistant quartermaster, Fernandina, East Florida: 14 32-pounder cannon; six to be rifled, if possible. 4 42-pounders, if possible, and rifled, with chassis. The chassis for the 32-pounders are promised from Charleston Page 277 CuAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 277 23,000 pounds of cannon powder for 29 cannon. 12,000 musket cartridges; few or none on hand. 300 shells for three 12-pounder howitzers at Saint Augustine. The fixtures for the 32-pounders are promised from Charleston. 12 12-pounders, with chassis and fixtures complete; the 32-pound- ers to be the army pattern. JOHN B. GRAYSON, Brigadier-General, C. A., Corndg. Middle and East Florida. TALLAHASSEE, FLA., September 14, 1861. Notice. All loyal citizens of the United States are hereby notified that the Fed- eral troops will take possession of the island of Amelia in a few days, and if they desire to escape the vengeance of an outraged Government they must assemble on the south end of the island. All those found at that point, except the military, will be regarded as good citizens of the United States. Assemble on the right. FORT PULASKI, September 15, 1861. Capt. R. M. CIJYLER, Chief of Ordnance, Military District of Savannah: CAPTAIN: I am in receipt of yours of the 14th. In compliance with your request I inclose herewith a statement of the companies stationed at this post, with number of men, number and description of arms, and amount of ammunition, as given me by the captains of companies.* Seven thousand of the 8,000 cartridges sent here, subject to the order of Colonel Mercer, have been sent to Tybee. Out of the 1,000 left the guard are being supplied. r1~he 4,000 cartridges in the ordnance store-room, to which you refer, were made by the Irish Jasper Greens, and are ball, without buck-shot. They will answer, perhaps, for the Washington Volunteers, but Captain McMahon prefers the cartridges with buck-shot. There are no caps with them. We have not made any fuses yet, having no fuse die that we can use. As soon as we can obtain fuse dies we will commence making fuses. We can easily work three or four dies if we have them. We have ours made at the Central Railroad workshops, which is imperfect. I send it up by this boat. If you will send it to Mr. Burn~, at the Central Railroad, I have no doubt but that he will have the mistake corrected. If you will examine it you will see around that some of the forms for the fuses are very irregular; the taper does not extend to the small end, and if it did it would make the fuse too large at that end. We want about a dozen small copper funnels (perhaps tin would answer) for filling shells; there are but two here. We also want a few fuse reamers. Will you permit me to suggest the propriety of holding a survey upon the carriages of the barbette guns ~ I very much fear that they are not calculated to withstand the shock of repeated firing. Would it not be well to attend to this at once, and, if it is decided that the pine is not * Nov found Page 278 278 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. rCIIAP. xv. suitable, have oak procured and carriages made without delay? I am informed that seasoned oak enough to replace all the barbette carriages can be had at Darien. Permit me also to bring to your notice the small supply of cannon powder now in our magazines, it being but about 45,000 pounds. The Navy holds an order on the fort for 1,700 or 1,800, which, if delivered, will reduce the quantity of shot made. Why cannot Captain Echols and yourself visit the fort some day this week and assist us with your advice? I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOS. S. CLAGHORN, Captain, Commanding Post. WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., ENGINEER BUREAU, Richmond, Va., September 21, 1861. Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR: SIR: The project of auxiliary coast defense herewith, as submitted by Col. A. J. Gonzales, though not thought to be everywhere applicable, is believed to be of great value under special circumstances. In the example assumed at Edisto Island, where the movable batteries rest on defensive works and are themselves scarcely exposed to surprise and capture, a rifled 24-pounder, with two small guns, rallying and reconnoi- tering from each of the fixed batteries, would prove invaluable. A lighter gun than the 24-pounder, and quite as efficient, might be devised for such service, but this is probably the best now available. Colonel Gonzales proposed arrangements for re-enforcing certain exposed and threatened maritime posts seem to be judicious and to merit attention. Very respectfully, D. LEADBETTER, Major, Engineers. IlndGrsement.] SEPTEMBER 23, 1861. Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War. S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. [IXaCIO8ure.] RICHMOND, VA., September 14, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President C. S. A.: SIR: I have the honor to place before yoil the outline of a system of coast defense which, if adopted, will, I believe, very much increase the security of our Atlantic and Gulf States, and render a lesser force than otherwise would be required sufficient for the protection of our coast. I have not been bold to submit it to you for adoption without having first had it before scientific officers of our Army and other gentlemen of mili- tary experience, who have highly commended it for practicability and efficiency. As acting inspector-general on Morris Island, and since up to this day as inspector of the troops and defenses on the coast of South Carolina by Governor Pickens, I have probably had opportunities for studying our coast and the way of protecting it not enjoyed by others. Taking the coast of South Carolina as a representation, with but fe Page 279 Ciiii~. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 279 exceptions, of our Southern coast, and taking the island of Edisto as a representation of the nature of its seaboard, we have as roughly marked in the sketch on opposite page: AT/-Mr/C OCJEAN. We have one of our most valuable agricnltural regions, with a popu- lation of abont 5,000 negroes and one hundred and odd voters, with one sand open work (A) .on North Edisto entrance, mounting six guns, and another (B) on South Edisto entrance, mounting two guns. On this island, as on the whole of our coast, there is a hard practicable sand beach, and immediately behind it a line of sand hills, forming almost a continuous fort of natures own making. The shallowness of the water opposite the coast, extending for several miles, would prevent any but the lightest vessels from approaching it. Hence the enemys large steam frigates, except through their tenders and barges, can inflict no injury upon us. By means of these barges, however, a force can be landed, if unresisted, anywhere upon the beach, and the works at the inlets taken in the rear. Through these inlets the batteries can be engaged by third- class steamers and by gunboats. Supposing the armament at these inlets to be so increased (which should be done) as to prevent ingress of ships, and consequently of heavy artillery (for the latter cannot be landed in boats upon the beach), in the absence of an overwhelming land force lining the whole extent of our coast we should have upon the (7zai?a~ow 4~j4~ C7iarledoi& (6~czuaitzzak .2?adiva~ Page 280 280 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA [CHAP. XV. latter artillery of the greatest range, in order that it may engage small steamers lying off, sink approaching barges, and should the latter effi~ct a landing with howitzers and men, crush them by the superiority of their metal and the advantages of range, and at the same time so Tiort- able that it can easily be used upon the coast, and even in emergencies upon the sandy roads on the island or the main-land. In the rifled 24- pounder on seige carriage we have the gun required. Experh nce has shown that a rifled 24-pounder, not bandcd, can throw an elongated percussion shell, the most formidable to ships, much over 3 miles. The conditions necessary for the safety to the gun are, that the shell do not weigh more than one and a half the weight of the round solid shdt of the same caliber, and that the charge for the 24-pounder do not exceed five pounds. This 24-pounder rifled cannon, outranging the largest Dahigren guns of the enemys fleet, and, if provided with good shells, fir more formidable than the former, can, on siege carriages, be drawn with the greatest ease up and down the beach at half and at low tide by 6 horses. I will assign, however, 10 horses to each gun and 10 to each ammunition wagon, and I would permanently attach to each gun and ammunition wagon, for protect ion and support, for assistance in drawing them at high water or on heavy roads on extraordinary occa- sions, and for co-operation in action against infantry, a body of cavalry, at the rate of 10 mounted men to each gun and ammunition wagon. For such guns, stationed on the coast, no more carriages and no forges, & c., would be required to be moved with the guns, for the reason that this artillery has for its object to link the batteries at the inlets, to close and watch the space which intervenes between them, and to prevent their being taken in reverse. At night they are expected to unite in some central post upon the coast, or to fall back upon the forts which- consti- tute their base. These forts they would flank against a land attack, and re-enforce materially in a contest against ships. For this purpose, at each fort or battery there should be constructed a suitable work, with magazine and stored ammunition, ready to receive these gnus whenever recalled. Thus, if there were stationed three 24-pounder rifled cannon oui siege carriages on the natural fortress of sand hills (a most importaiit feature of our coast) back of the beach on Edisto Island, at the points marked C, D, andE, they would cross their fire against barges or land forces, and would even advantageously engage, when united, any small steamers that might contrive to approach sufficiently near to protect the enemys landing. To carry out beyond peradventure the operation of moving behind the sand hills, where the road is heavy, to move at high water in great emergencies along the beach, to cross with the sea-coast flying artillery a belt of country in order to intercept the enemy or to take a strategic position, a strong rope, with ten straps permanently affixed to it along its length, is to be connected to the chain the draught horses are pulling by. Each of these straps is hooked on temporarily to the breast-band of the saddle of each cavalry soldier assigned to each gun and ammuni- tion wagon, and thus 20 horses will be the draught to each gun in any difficult traveling. In an emergency, to place the guns in position at the shortest notice and in the most difficult localities, the horses and horsemen belonging to the ammunition wagon can be attached tempora- rily to the gun, and thus 40 horses are at once available to extricate it even from a morass. This duty performed they can return, and still more easily remove the ammunition wagon. In case of an attempt of the enemy to land, the infantry at the two forts, A and B, could, unseen behind the hills, come to the support of cavalry and artillery. I woul Page 281 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETCCONFEDERATE. 281 arm the cavalry with sabers and doublebarreled guns. Behind sand hills, in defeiise of a battery from an enemy landing on the beach, where the space to be traversed by him is very short and open, J would prefer the double-barreled gun to any other arm, especially as in landing from the boats the eceiny must be crowded. Two volleys of large buck-shot and the saber, even on foot, would do quick work. Our men are all used to the double-barreled gun, and they would fire it promptly and confidently. Besides, that weapon can now be furnished to the troops when rifles could not be had. Moreover, if the enemy is in motion, or the horsemen, or if both, lie is far more likely to be hit at short ranges with the (louble- barreled gun than with a rifle. To the uses of a support as infantry the cavalry could add the services peculiar to itself of charging a disor- ganized or surprised enemy, vedette and l)atrol duty, an(l the transmis- sion of intelligence and of dispatches. On the shells for these guns I would have twO fusesthe percussion at the apex, to be used against ships, and the Bormann fuse on the side, to be punched when fired upon inflintry, barges, or at sharpshooters on the tops of ships while in close action. Nothing that the enemy can bring can neutralize this system. The inlets being closed, he can land no heavy artillery. These guns would help to close the inlets, and would prevent even the landing of small guns. These, if landed, would be crushed by our artillery, and so would their small ships, if after passing the inlets they should venture into the narrow and tortuous creeks beyond. In connection with these guns nothing prevents the use of howitzers. The former would always re- main guns of position, superior in range and accuracy to the Dahigren, as well as in destructiveness to ships. To fully complete this system, however, in addition to the above means of defense permanently and immediately upon the coast, I would have at each State center of operationsat Charleston, for in- stance, for the defense of South Carolinaa central battery of sea-coast flying artillery of twelve rifled 24-pounders, organized on the same prin- ciple as those hereinbefore mentioned, ~vithi forges, sling-carts, extra am- munition-wagon s~ & c., superadded, as they would have to dart off much farther than the former from their magazines. For this central battery of rifled cannon the personnel of two companies of artillery and two squa(lrons of cavalry might be sufficient. Adding to these a regiment of rifles or light infantry, a compact, formidable flying column would be at handa fortress in itself on reaching any part of our coast where nature has provided suitable sandworks. Upon the receipt of intelli- gence of the proximate attack of any point upon the coastNorth Edisto, for instance, in the above sketchthe whole of this armament, with pi-ovisious for a week, could be towed in two flats or lightems (such as Fergusons, in Charleston) in the space of six hours by one or two small steameis. At each of our foits upon the coast a temporary work should be constructed to receive these guns, as well as those upon the beach, as soon as they are called in. Let us suppose North Edisto fort, when the enemys fleet appears off it, to have but the six guns it has at l)resent. The three 24-pounders, rifled, on the beach, as soon as in battery, would increase its armament to 9. The arrival of the central battery would in six hours increase it to 21, of which at least 15 are rifled. Should the fleet move to attack another point upon the coast, the battery and its support would also move inland in the creeks on a line parallel to it, to meet it wherever its services are required, the fleet all the time uncommscious that a fort is closely Iollowing it. Nothing but a few light-draught steamers an Page 282 282 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. large flats always at hand is required for this most important service. Let us roughly estimate the value of the succor brought in this way at the beginning or in the progress of an engagement at North Edisto: Guns from the beach 3 Gunsfrom Charleston Total 15 Artillerists from the beach, say 50 Cavalry from the beach, say 60 Artillerists from Charleston, say 190 Cavalry from Charleston 240 Regiment of rifles 700 Total 1,240 Fifteen pieces of formidable ordnance and 1,240 men, which, added to the force of even so small a post as it is at present, would give us 21 guns and 1,500 men. Of course this infantry support from Charleston is what should at all times be ready to leave at a moments warning. Other regiments could immediately follo~vat any rate, within twelve hours. With suitable bomb-proofs at the fort and proper discretion on the part of the coin- manding officer the enemy could be held in check until the arrival of re- enforcemeuts sufficient to discomfit them. Depots for ammunition for these guns should be kept at each post expressly for them, and all am- munition for them should be uniform. Supposing Georgia to have a similar provision made for her defense, and Savannah to possess, too, her central battery and flying column in the same timein somewhat snore time than it would take to dispatch the Charleston flying column if Edisto is the point attacked, but in mnch less time if it be the important port of Port Royal llarbor24 rifled gnus can at once be sent to the scene of action from both cities, and together with them over 2,OUO men. In a few hours more 5,000 men from the two States, uniting at Savannah by means of the railroad, ~~ould at Hilton Head fort defy the power of any assailant. The fit-st ~i~oint is to prevent surprise. This the sea-shore guns will do. The sec- ond is to prevent the enemy from seizing any inlet in less than a days fight. This the flying column and central battery should do. The third is that he shall not move inland, and this the succors which can and should be sent in support of the flying cblurnn should be able to do. With more guns and of heavier metal at every inlet and strong garri- sons at our isolated posts our coast would be secure, and the necessity of a large force up the country, where it can do no service except in re-enforcing Charles ton, would not exist. Because the coast is weak, its 5up1)Ort should not be more than a fe~v hours removed; because Charleston is strong, its support might be at Aiken or Columbia. Nluch can be done in uniting the means of Georgia and South Carolina, and even of North Carolina, in defense of either of the three States against an invasion of the enemy. At all the centers of operations, as, for instance, Wilmington, Charles- ton, and Savannah for our Atlantic coast, there should be one regiment assigned to the special duty of forming part of the flying column at a moments warning during the said week. Everything needful for the transportation and for the subsistence of this column for one week should be stored up and kept in readiness to be carried off at a moments warn- ng. The quartermaster and the commissary of each regiment would upon their regiment entering on duty every week look into the quality and quantity of provisions, equipments, & c., designed for their regimen Page 283 CHAP. xv.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 283 when put in motion. The advantages are obvious of having one regi- ment assigned each week from the militia of Charleston and other cities for this special duty. The balance are at rest, and the one on duty when called out is not flurried in its arrangements. Should the enemy have forced an entrance into one of our inlets, the central battery at Charleston, as well as the one at Savannah, starting by the railroad, marked upon the sketch, would meet him upon any of the bluffs on the main-land, under which he must necessarily pass in his progress through narrow and tortuous creeks. From these bluffs and within pistol shot the almost vertical fire of rifled guns would be destructive even to iron- clad boats, and if the enemy should effect a landing before the arrival of the battery, it is easy to perceive of what advantage it would be in enabling a flying column at the head of a bridge or in a debouch to arrest his progress, or even discomfiting him, before the arrival (neces- sarily more tardy) of an army. For carrying out such a plan sea-rangers in boats and small steamers on the lookout, telegraphs, a good system of signals, facilities of transportation in lighters and steamers, pre- arranged railroad facilities, and the co-operation of our Navy are a matter of course. We have in South Carolina very nearly the number of 24-pounders on siege carriages required for the establishment of this system. I under- stand that there are twelve guns of this description lying idle at the Pensacola navy-yard, which I would recommend our authorities to obtain. By working day and night all these guns can be rifled in two or three weeks. Should there be serious difficulty in procuring horses for these guns, the loan of all the mules required could be obtained, I should think, from our planters for the matter of their own defense. They could be furnished already harnessed by the l)lanters, the Confed- erate Government reimbursing them their value should they be lost or injured in the service. Cavalry of the very best description exists throughout the seaboard, and is anxious for employment. There is no reason, then, why, in as little time as it will take the Lincoln Govern- ment to fit out a squadron, we should not contrive to have an omnipr~- ent fort along the whole extent of our seaboard. All of which I have the honor to submit, with assurances of my respect and regard. AMBROSIO JOS1~ GONZALES. Brigadier-General LAWTON, RICHMOND, September 25, 1861. Savannah, Ga.: Thtelligence that I believe reliable indicates that the enemys expe- dition is intended for Brunswick. Inform Governor Brown. Can I do anything to help you ~I Have ordered the Bartow Artillery cc~mpany to Savannah. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. SAVANNAH, September 25, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I can do nothing, for want of arms, unless I hold those now landing from steamer Bermuda. I sent to-day a special agent to Richmond o Page 284 284 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. this subject. Georgia is strippe(I of arms. Men in abundance, if a few days are allowed. A. B. LAWTON, Brigadier- General. ATLANTA, GA., September 25, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: Colonel Stovall, whose ba~ta1ion is at Lynchburg, is here. Cannot send another gun out of the S tate. I ask that you order his battalion back to Brunswick on the coast, aiid I will fill it up to a regiment in the state. I also request that five other armed companies of Georgia troops be ordered back to the coast without delay, as an invasion of the coast is looked for daily, and you have nearly all the State guns in the Con. federate service. Please answer both requests immediately. Colonel Stovall will wait here till I hear from you. JOSEPH E. BROWN. RICHMOND, September 25 1861. Governor BROWN, Atlanta, Ga.: Have sent orders to Major Shackleford, as requested. Have ordered Bartow Artillery Company to Savannah to report to General Lawton. Am reliably informed that the enemy will attack Brunswick. Be pre. pared. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. ATLANTA, GA., September 26, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: Thank you for the order for the 1,000 guns to General Lawton. Let me beg of you to order Colonel Stovalls battalion back from Lynchburg and let me fill it up to regiment for the coast. JOSEPH E. BROWN. RICHMOND, September 26, 1861. Gov. JOSEPH E. BROWN, Atlanta, Ga.: Your dispatch received. I cannot order back to Georgia any armed troops, for reasons which I will explain by letter. Instead of sending you a thousand men, I have ordered 1,000 of the rifles at Savannah, with the proper quantity of ammunition, to be turned over to General Lawton for arming that number of your men, as I understand you have plenty of men. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War Page 285 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 285 RICHMOND, September 27, 1861. Gov. JOSEPH E. BRowN, Atlanta, Ga.: The thousand rifles were ordered to be given you instead of sending back the battalion from Lynchburg. Grave reasons of policy forbid sending back any troops from Virginia. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. E. P. LAWTON RICHMOND, September 30, 1861. Assistant Adjutant-General, Sarannah: One thousand small-arms and one rifled 12-pounder were assigned by order issued to the proper ordnance officer for the service of Georgia. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. Abstract from report of the Provisional Force8, Department of South Carolina, Brig. Gen. B. S. Ripley, commanding, for Septemhcr, 1561. Present for duty. ~ Stations. o a -~ ~ o ~ ~ -~ Sullivans Island (Colonel Orr) 69 1, 244 1, 521 1, 603 Stono forts (Colonel Hagood) 54 904 1, 115 1, 274 North and South Edisto (Colonel Dunovant) 15 291 167 382 Near Georgetown (Colonel Manigault) 26 197 538 567 Near Aiken (Colonel Jones) 38 629 739 898 Fields Point 4 73 106 112 Port Royal Harbor 4 185 227 219 Fort Walker 9 195 224 256 SainsPoint 6 56 69 76 Braddocks Point 4 53 57 69 Camp Lookout 3 48 75 96 Near Columbia (cavalry) 11 162 173 194 Ligbtwood Knot S p ring (cavalry) 3 52 62 64 Charleston Arsenal (aitillery) 3 45 68 69 12th 11th and 15th Regiments S. C. Volunteers* -. 2, 372 Total 249 4, 336 5,341 8,271 * Stations not given Page 286 286 COASTS OF S. C., GA, AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAr. XV. Abstract from monthly return of tiw Military District of Savannab, Ga., commanded by Brig. Gen. A. B. Lawton, for September, 1861. Present for ~ ~ Artillery. duty. a Stations, a. a $ S CS a o 0 -~ o ~ -~ ~ Little Cumberland Island .... 3 48 03 71 5 Sunbury, Ga . 3 54 57 59 Sapello Island 6 177 200 208 5 Great Warsaw . 3 70 75 79 5 Isleof Hope 2 42 44 60 6 Fort Pulaski - . -- -. 10 204 250 273 36 Thunderbolt battery 4 94 110 115 4 Genesis Point 2 56 72 76 4 Oglethorpo Barracks. 4 49 79 80 6 Fort Screven 6 159 170 181 8 Saint Catharines Island 2 67 72 91 2 Camp Lawton, Savannah . 16 242 273 305 . Brunswick, Ga. . 32 477 578 587 2 5 Tybee Island... 40 856 973 1, 056 2 - South end Big Cumberland Island 2 53 65 74 4 Blackbird Island 3 90 105 112 5 Grand total - 138 2, 738 3, 186 3, 427 82 17 APALACHICOLA, October 1, 1861. Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR, Richmond, Th.; SIR: The citizens of Apalachicola, under a deep sense of their pres- cut insecurity and anxiety for the safety and protection of their families and property, deem it their duty to address you on the subject of the defenses of their city. About the 1st June last, upon application, the executive of our State ordered two 32-pounders (old gulls) to be delivered to us, and these, at the expense of the citizens, were brought here and placed in battery in the most eligible position to command the several approaches to the town. At a later period a messenger was dispatched to Richmond, who succeeded in obtaining an additional number of guns, and it was deemed advisable that these should be placed in battery at Saint Vincents Island, to command the entrance (West Pass) to our harbor, and the work was commenced and prosecuted with all the means and men that the city could command. More recently a regiment in the Confederate service has been organ- Ized, five companies of which have been detailed to this point, and are now under command of Colonel Hopkins, who has established his head- quarters at Saint Vincents Island, removed all the troops to that point, dismantled the battery here, and issued a peremptory order for two rifled cannon, daily expected, and ordered siege guns, mouute(l for the use of the city, to be sent to him on arrival, thus monopolizing ftr that station every available means of defense, leaving to our company of volunteer artillery and two companies of undrilled infantry, with less than 100 invalids and exempts, the entire and sole protection of the city, and 1,500 women and children, whose natural protectors are Inost of them enlisted in the service, and without the means to remove their families to places of greater security. The only means of communication is with boats, not only requiring a heavy expenditure in their employ, but they are subject to capture at any moment, as they may easily be intercepted in their trips to and from the city to the island through Page 287 Cw~r. XV.] OOJ~RESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 287 wide and deep channel across Saint Georges Island between the two points, and entirely beyond the reach of any guns that can be put in battery at Saint Vincent. The approaches to ~ur town by land, as also from the East Pass, are entirely unguarded, and it would not require a large number of such boats as are now being constructed by the eiieiny to capture the city before any intelligence of an attack could reach Saint Vincent or assistance be rendered by the forces there. The capture of the city would invest Saint Vincent on the main-land side, their supplies would be cut off, and their entire force easily reduced to the alternatives of death or captnre without even a show of defense, as no possible outlet of escape would be open to them. The armament at Saint Vincent con- sists of four ship-mounted and two long 32-pounders, and recent events at Hatteras have demonstrated the insufficiency of such ordnance against the heavy and long-range guns of the enemy. It is believed by military and scientific men that an abandonment of that position would not leave the city exposed to large vessels, and that by removal of the guns and troops, erecting batteries with long-range guns to comlnan(l approaches by water, causing earthworks to be thrown up at assailable l)oints around the city, with a battery of light artillery to furnish our present company, our town would be more secure than it could possibly be made in any other manner. Lieutenant McLaughlin, of the Navy, left here a few days since for iRichmond, and to him, as an officer qualified by experience and exami- nation of our position, we refer to present these matters more fully before you. Insecurity and apprehension are predominant feelings now, yet these will in nowise lessen the determination of our people to perish beneath the ruins of their city rather than ignobly desert or suffer it to become the prey of the vandal hordes who threaten to assail it. We would speak modestly and respectfully of the officers who have been furnished by the Confederate Government to conduct military operations in our State, and the announcement of General Graysons appointment, from his long-tried and acknowledged capability, gave general satisfaction, buta recent visit from him has exhibited in him such an enfeebled state of health and constitution as almost to forbid hope of amendment, and we must necessarily be deprived, if not altogether, to a great extent, of his valuable aid and counsel in our necessity. We have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servants, H. H. TAYLOR et at. MARIANNA, October 2, 1861. Hon. S. H. MALLORY: DEAR SIR: I returned from Tallahassee on yesterday and received yours of the 15th ultimo. I expected to have received a letter from you at Tallahassee, but was disappointed. Having heard that Governor Perry had received one from you informing him that two rifled cannon, & c., had been ordered to Apalachicola, I inquired of him if it were true. He said it was, and read the part of the letter only which referred to the rifled cannon and powder being sent. I regret that Lieutenant McLaughlin was ordered back to Richmond by Colonel Hopkins and the consequent excitement among the citizens, but I know nothing of the particulars. The fact is, our State is in a most deplorable condition. The regiment at Fernandina is said to be demoralized by habitual intemperance of the colonel and lieutenant-colonel, and I am informed even the cannon have not been mounted, and dissipation and disorde Page 288 288 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. prevail. There are but eight companies, and never have been more in Hopkins regimentthree companies at Apalachicola, two near Saint Marks, one at Tampa, .an(l two at Cedar Keys. You will perceive the nseless expense of field officers by the arrangement. Would it not be advisable to concentrate the regimentif, indeed, eight companies be a regimentand transfer them to General Braggs command at Pensacola, and order the Magnolia Regiment, commanded by Colonel Anderson, at Pensacola, to the defense of Apalachicola ~ Under General Braggs command Hopkins regiment would be drilled and made useful, and Colonel Andersons regiment, with the aid of State troops convenient to Apalachicola, could successfully defend the place with the aid of Lieutenant McLaughlin and a few experienced artillerists. Suggest the proposed change to the President and Secretary of War. Several companies are organized and ready to tender their services to the Confederate States for twelve months, and consequently there would be no difficulty in supplying the places of the companies of Hopkins regiment, now at Fort Williams, near Saint Marks, Tampa, and Cedar Keys, by more efficient companies nnder suitable command- ers. The officers of the regiments mustered into the Confederate service in the State imagine that they are entirely independent of State author- ity, and if it is proper I wish you would request the Secretary of War to issue a suitable general order upon the subject, especially in this State. I anticipate n~Y difficulty whatever with General Bragg or General Grayson, or any gentleman of military education. We can co-operate harmoniously. By the by, General Grayson and myself are old personal acquaintances and friends, though twenty years have elapsed since we parted, and met a day or t~Vo ago in Tallahassee. General Graysons health is very bad. He is nearly spent with consumption. I thought he would die last Wednesday night, and I fear will not have physical strength to discharge necessary duties in Florida. I think there would have been no difficulty in forming the Fifth Regi- ment, but Governor Perry has organized five of the companies intended for the Fifth Regiment with an artillery battalion, and appointed D. P. Holland, esq., lieutenant-colonel to command it for Confederate service. The governor acted, if by any authority, by such as is unknown to me. In the present deranged state of affairs I shall be inaugurated and enter upon the duties of governor on next Monday with a heavy heart and a fearful apprehension of my inability to perform the duties of the office creditably and very usefully; but to the best of my judgment I will encounter surrounding difficulties, resolved to place the State upon the best war footing, and rely upon the Army Regulations and the laws of the State and the efficient aid of the officers sent here by the President to correct existing evils. From recent in(lications I think a scheme of systematic opposition to you is designed by some men in our State, and permit me to say to you that under all circumstances you may rely upon my friendship promptly to meet, and, if need be with personal responsi~ bihity, the most prominent assailants. In haste, yours, & c., JOHN MILTON. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GEN.S OFFICE, No. 176. f * Richmond, October 10, 1861. * * * * * * X. Brig. Gen. E. K. Smith is assigned to the command of the Depart- ment of Middle and Eastern Florida, and will relieve Brig. Gen. J. B Page 289 CHAP. XV.J CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 289 Girayson, whose state of health is such as to I)revent him from discharg- ing the active duties of that corn rnand.* * * * * * * * By command of the Secretary of War: JNO. WITHERS, Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. THIRD REGIMENT FLORIDA VOLUNTEERS, Port Clinch, Pernandina, Pla., October 14, 1861. To the SECRETARY OF WAR, Conftderate States of America., Richmond, Va.: SIR: I have the honor to request that you order me to order one of my officers to muster iii for twelve-months service Lieute~nant Colonel hollands battalion of artillery. This battalion is absolutely necessary here. They are now in service under the order of the brigadier-general, and have been under my command and now are. The field officers, Lieutenant-Colonel Holland and Maj. Charles F. Hopkins, are fine offi- cers. They are good artillerists, and thoroughly understand their pro- fession. They were appointed by Governor Perry, and are the unani- mous choice of the whole battalion. They are the most important aid that could be given me. I would respectfully request that the Depart- 1~ent authorize me to have them mustered in without delay, an(l that they may muster with six companies. They are now erecting batteries, signal stations,establishing points for the ranges of the guns, and have been for some time. They are in the Confederate service, but not yet mustered iu, and Captain Stockton has other companies to attend to,. and cannot muster the troops as spce(hily as their efficiency requires. Ii have the honor to refer the J)epartment to the accompanying copies of orders and letters for information as to time condition of this force and. what it is doing. t Owing to the illness of Brigadier-General Grayson, I cannot ascertaia when the guns and ordnance stores for here will arrive. I have to. specially request that the ordnance officer be required to send me with- out delay a supply of ammunition. I have only 2,000 caps and about fifteen rounds of musket cartridges, and the artillery battalion have four 6-pounders and only about five rounds of musket cartridges. I trust the Department will send me at once the imecessary ammunition. for musketry which can be spared for this point. I would urge the speedy forwarding of the guns and requisition made by Brigadier-Gen- eral Grayson. His ill-health has caused me to make this statemmin cut aid request. The general has done everything that man could. His corn- man(l have pert& t confidence in him, a.nd I trust the officious meddling of scared politicians, who have never raised voice or hand for our inde- pemidence, will receive that merited rebuke fromn headquarters it deserves for meddling with the acts of better men. Neither the troops nor the people have confidence in them. We are satisfied, and all we want is. a mnwunition. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. S. DILWORTII, Colonel, Commanding. * * Revoked October 22, and Brig. Gen. James H. Trapier assigned. INot found. 19 R RYOL V Page 290 290 COASTS OF 8. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST ILA. [CHAP. XV. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, lila., October 18, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President of the Confederate States: SIR: I feel it my duty to present for your consideration the following facts: First. That for the defense of Florida cavalry is, perhaps, less efficient than for the defense of any other State. At the iuost impor- tant points we should have batteries with guns of heavy caliber. To guard between important points, boats of light draught, with signals, at propen distances, and convenient to those guarding distant and exposed positions a fow good horses, to be nsed by expressmen to give notice of any imposing al)proach of the enemy. Not many troops are required in the Confederate service, if those in service shall be com- manded at important points by brave and skillful officers. There is much derangement of military affairs in this State, owing chiefly to the desire to enter the Confederate service for short periods and certain l)ay; but if the War and Navy Departments will respect my opinions I hope to establish such military organizations as will in the end be least expensive and most useful. Our chief reliance in connection with the coast defense should be infantry and light artillery, not in service, but ready to be at a moments warning, and to be concentrated where needed to support those iu the Confederate service. The recent authority to W. (IT. M. Davis, esq., to raise a cavalry regiment has excited a perfect furore upon the snb,ject. The large majority of those who were willing to serve as soldiers of infantry are 110W in of I assure , , attle will favor riding into service, and you sir a b never be fought in Florida by cavalry, unless the want of proper coast defenses, artillery, and infantry, shall induce an invasion, and will then be fought at great disadvantage. I entertain no feeling or thought personally unkind to Mr. Davis. He is a gentleman of line legal abili- ties. But I do regret that the material for the judicious defense of the State has been so much interfered with by the disposition excited in favor of cavalry service. Independent of the companies raised for Colonel Davis regiment I have refused commissions to ten associations for cavalry companies within the last two days. Almost every man that has a pony wishes to mount him at the expense of the Confederate Government, and Iwould most respectfully urge the necessity of the appointment of an honest, prudent, and experienced officer to visit Florida immediately, and inquire into and report the expenses being incurred. Let him first go to Apalachicola, and ascertain the nature and necessity of the expenditures there in the employment of boats, & c., and report immediately to the proper Departments thence to other l)ositions, and examine and report. It will afford me pleasure to aid in the investigation, and if the officer will come to Tallahassee I will, to the best of my ability, direct the course of inquiry. I am fully per- suaded that one-half the amount that will be expended, if there shall be no immediate check to expenditures, wisely appropriated, will secure the defense of Florida, and by means that will be useful in a future emergency. The unnecessary expense for cavalry would supply the means for the proper coast defenses; would enable me to equip com- panies of light artillery and infantry, which equipments might be pre- served to protect the peace which we hope to obtain by the present war. But the hundreds of horses which are now being withdrawn from agricultural industry will be of little avail in war, and leave the State without the means of agriculture, which will b~m aifficult to supply Page 291 CHAP. XV.l CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.-~ CONFEDERATE. 291 General Grayson is in a dying condition. General E. K. Smith, I am informed, has been appointed to succeed him, and permit me to suggest that his command shall extend west, so as to embrace Apalachicola and Saint Andrews Bay, and to express the hope that his staff will be com- posed of gentlemen of military education and experience. This sug- gestion is made because Colonel Hopkins entertains the opinion, if I am correctly informed, that General Graysons command does not embrace Apa1achicola, and I regret to say that Colonel Hopkins mili- tary ability is much doubted by many worthy citizens and unpleasant circumstances have consequently occurred, which I apprehend will result unhappily. From a misapprehension of facts, the Fourth Regiment was tendered by my worthy predecessor withont a full complement of companies. Colonel Hopkins has three of these companies at Apalachicola; there are two at Saint Marks, two at Cedar Keys, and one or two in the neighborhood of Tampa. Thus scattered, it is impossible for them to act as a regiment without previous instructions and competent officers. I would respectfully suggest that Colonel Hopkins be ordered with his three companies to Saint Marks, to protect that place and the coast between the Ocella and Crooked Rivers, and if the Departments will furnish me with two good engineers and two good drill officers of artillery I will defend Apalachicola with State troops, and such troops as I may be able to raise and place in a camp of instruction for the army of reserve. If such an order should be deemed advisable, I would be pleased to be informed of it three or four days before Colonel Hopkins shall leave there, and I will visit the place and put the troops in proper positions of defense. There is another matter to which 1 would respectfully invite attention. By letter from the War Department, dated June 30, 1861, the governor of this State was required to furnish 1,000 men as the quota of the State in the army of reserve, and to l)lace them in a camp of instruction. For this purpose four companies were raised under special commission, and only four, and these were assem bled at Fernaudina, called a battalion of artillery, and put into the Confederate service, under command of Mr. D. P. Holland as lieutenant-colonel, with Mr. Charles F. Hopkins as major. I am not apprised that such a battalion, if any, was called for or author- ized by the Secretary of War, and the appointment of the officers by the governor was, in my ju(lgment, without authority, and contrary to the ordinances of the Convention, the Constitution, and the laws of the State, and that, if in the course of events, any court-martial shall be ordered, the matter w-ill be inquired into by the civil authority, the com- missions declared void, and the so-called battalion will be disorganized and demoralized. I have felt it my duty thus candidly to submit to you my opinion, and in~-oke your judgment upon the matters submitted for your considera- tion. It has been said that perhaps General Smith would not accel)t the command in Florida, in which event I hope the regiments and com- panies which have been or may be accepted for service in this State by a general order of the War Department, not interfering with General Braggs command, may be made subject to my orders, and the defense of the State shall be successful, and at the least possible expense. I am, sir, very respectfully, JOHN MILTON, Governor of Florida Page 292 292 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. OcTOBER 21, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War. Mv DEAR SIR: The following are the only points that occur to me to suggest: 1. That the special attention of General Trapier be directed to such points in his department as the governor may consider to be of chief military iml)ortance. ?. That he should be instructed to arrange with the governor for obtaining the ten companies in the speediest manner possible, and, in order to avoid delay in bringing the post at Fernandina under better (olnmnard he should be authorized to appoint a colonel to take com- mnand of the companies as they are mustered, unless the Department is prepared to designate one at once for the command. 3. That he should be authorized to make such alterations iii the nuni- ber and organization of the forces employed in Florida as may in his judgment be advisable; for which purpose he might be authorized to muster or discharge troops according to exigency, keeping the Depart- inent advised of his acts. 4. It would also be well to authorize him, if he deems it advisable, to arrange with the Cuban Telegraph Company for the surrender of the line between Savannah and Florida to the Confederate States during the war. 5. If it requires special authority to enable him to do so, he might be authorized to employ and attach to each, post a capable drill officer. Respectfully, yours, D. L. YULEE. COLUMBIA, October 22, 1861. Hon. Mr. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I have been informed another large vessel has arrived at Saint Marys with arms, & c. From your last letter I am in hopes you will send 2,000 rifles for our flanking companies and 300 cavalry pistols for the men just mustered in. It is essential to our service, as I have put out 4,000 of arms in a few days past, which entirely exhausted our supply. F. W. PICKENS. WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., Richmond, October 22, 1861. Brig. Gen. J. II. TRAPIER: SIR: The President has, as you will perceive from the inclosed papers, accepted your tender of service, has al)pointed ~ ou brigadier.general, and assigned you to the Department of Eastern and Middle Florida. Your instructions are brief and simple. Do everything that your means and energies will permit to place the coast of Florida in a state of de- fense. You will first proceed to Fernandina, as the point most impor- tant and most likely to attract the attention of the enemy; but you are left to your own discretion as to the proper location of your headquar- ters Page 293 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 293 Your staff will be appointed anti commissioned in accor dance with your recommendation, unless some special objection should exist. Upon one point you may require the aid of this Department. You will find, as I am informed, that troops have been mustered into the service of the Confederacy in such manner as to render their services almost value- less, either by reason of the incomlietency and inefficiency of their offi- cers, or because mustered for cavalry or artillery where such arms are not required or cannot be l)rocured, or for other like reasons. In a word, I am informed that a radical reform on this snbject is required in Florida. Under these circumstances you may be at a loss how to pro- ceed, and 1 would therefore suggest that on your application the De- partinent would not hesitate to muster out of service all such organiza- lions as would come within the class above described, and then muster the men afresh by companies, so as to leave it iii our power to organize the regiments and appoint the field officers, instead of leaving them to be elected by the men. We might thus hope to obtain efficient and competent officers; and for your guidance I inclose you a circular letter, prepared in answer to the constant inquiries addressed to this Depart- ment, and which will inform yon of the policy on which we act in receiv- ing tenders of troops. I send you likewise a set of the laws, so fbr as passed, which you will require for your guidance in many cases that must arise. I am informed by Mr. Yulee that the Cuban Telegraph Company would place its line at the service of the Government at little or no cost, with the view of having it kept in order until the retnrn of peace shall make it profitable. If this be so, you are authorized to make arrange- ments with them for that purpose, as the keeping up of your coinmuni- cations with Savannah cannot bnt be very useful in your operations. You will be sustained by this Department as f* as possible in your efforts to discharge the duties confided to you, but our resources in small-arms, in ordnance, and ammunition are very limited when com- l)ared with the enormous coast line we have to defend, an(I we cannot therefore supply, as we would wish, the several points where defenses are necessary~ We must concentrate our means as promptly as possible at the different assailable points after the attack, not having enough to furnish any but th& most important in advance. Wishing you success and distinction in your new command, I am, your obedient servant, J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. (Inclosure.] SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GEN.S OFFICE, No. 186. f Richmond, October 22, 1861. * * * * * * * X. Paragraph X, Special Orders, No. 176, Adjutant and Inspector Generals Office, of October 10, 18~1,is revoked. Brig. Gen. James II. Trapier, Provisional Army, is assigned to the command ot the Department of Eastern aad Middle Florida~, and will proceed at once to Fernandina, under such special instructions as may be given him by the Secretary of War. By command of the Secretary of War: JNO. WITHERS, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 294 294 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAr. XV. IIDQRS. MIL. DEPT, MIDDLE AND EAST FLOPIDA, Tallahassee, October 23, 156L Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR, Richmond, Va: SIR: I have the honor to inclose a copy of the report of Maj. W. L. L. Bowen, announcing the capture of two sloops and their crews. I have submitted a like copy to Col. W. S. Dilworth, Third Regiment Flotida Volunteers, at Fern andina, who succeeded to the command upon General Graysons death. The vessels you notice sail under the American colors, with papers from Key West, with license to engage in the fishery on the Florida coast, and supply the Key West market with the same. There is a feature in this case that induces me to inform the Department, after a consultation with his excellency the governor of Florida. It seems the smacks belong to a firm in Key West, known as William II. Wall & Co., who - I learn from a refugee here from the island are men good to the Southern cause. One of the firm, though a signer of the ordinance of secession, has taken the oath to the Federal side, but says it ~vas done under duress. The refugee states he was a book-keeper for several years in the house of the Messrs. Wall & Co., the alleged owners of the smacks4 and says, in addition, that he is sure the firm has not only wished for the success of onr struggle, but that they have aided with money. It has not been made known to any one here that they (the vessels) are true to the Confederacy; so, in the absence of Colonel Dilworth at his post near Fernandina, I, acting as assistant adjutant-gen zml during Lieuten- ant Woods absence, most respectfully write the Department, that a delay of several days may not occur in this case, where doubts exist as to whether the sm a~is are prizes or not, it being said they belong to friends, yet sail u our enemys flag. In the mean time I have written to Major Bowen, and said it wonld be well to keep his prhioners under guard until he can hear from higher authority. His excellency Gover- nor Milton informs me that the crews are for the most part ~aniards, and may claim protection of that flag, and also that at Key West the Federal authorities force all persons, regardless of nationaliey, to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. I respectfully inform you that in my letter to Colonel Dilworth I men- tioned my intention of addressing you, to avoid delay. I have the honor to be, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE UPSHUII MAYO, First Lieutenant, C. S. Army. [Inc1o~ure.1 HEADQUARTERS, FORT BROOKE, Tampa, Fla., October 16, 1861. Brig. Gen. JOHN B. GRAYSON, Commanding Middle and East Florida: DEAR SIR: After my complimentary regards, permit me to report for your orders 13 prisoners of war, captured under my command on the 10th and 11th of this month, being the crew of the sloops William Batty and Lyman Dudley, sailing under the American colors (Stars and Stripes), with papers from Key West, with license to engage in the fishery on the Florida coast, and supply the Key West market with the same. The sloops are of the first class, well rigged, and in good order. One measures 65-~-~- tons, the other 56~-~ tons Page 295 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETCCONFEDERATE. 295 The sloops have been duly turned over to the prize commissioner as legal prizes to the Confederate States, and the prisoners are detained in safe custody for your disposal; and, in consequence of the inconvenience and difficulty of subsisting troops at this post, I hope you will order the prisoners to be sei~t to some other place, or disposed of in some other manner as soon as practicable. With a deep regret for your ill-health, and with due regard to your orders, I am, sir, most respectfully, yours, & c., W. L. L. BOWEN, MCtjor, Commanding Military Forces, Tampa Bay. The sloops William Batty and Lyman Dudley are, to the best of my knowledge and belief the property of William H. Wall & Co., of Key West. They have been seized at Tampa Bay by the military for sailing under the Federal colors and with papers from Key West. Having been in the en~ployment of Messrs. William H. Wall & Co. for several years, I know them to be true Southern men, and have largely aided the Confederate cause. William Pinkney, one of the firm, has taken the United States oath under duress on the island, but signed the ordinance of secession. The permission for their vessels to sail under the Federal flag is only to keep him from seizure and imprisonment. CHAS. ANTONIO. Gov. JOHN 1~IILToN, RICHMOND, October 23, 1861. Tallahassee, Fla.: General Kirby Smith has been assigned to duty with Army of the Potomac. General Trapier, of South Carolina, has been assigned to your State, and Mr. Yulee leaves to-morrow morning with his instru~tions. General Trapier will go first to Fernandina, and you can address hhn there. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, October 24, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: Well pleased that General Trapier has been assigned to the Military Department of Middle and East Florida. Would respectfully suggest that the Military Department of the State be so arranged as to embrace the State, distinguishing the departments to which General Bragg and General Trapier have been assigned. The reason of the suggestion is that Apalachicola and Saint Andrews, two important points, are not embraced in a general order. We have at Saint Marks howitzers and em~)ty shells. No powder or fuse to prepare them. We need guns of large caliber and ammumtion. Respectfully, JOHN MILTON, Governor of Florida Page 296 296 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. SPECIAL ORDERS, IIDQRS. MIL. DIST., SAVANNAH, GA., No. 300. f October 25, 1861. * * * * * * * 2. By direction of the Secretary of War all unarmed troops in camps of instruction, who have been mustered in for the war, will 1101(1 them- selves in readiness to proceed forthwith to RiehlnOIl(1, Va. Command- ing officers, quartermasters, and commissaries of such troops will make the necessary arrangements for an immediate move, and report, by letter, to these headquarters. By order of Brig. Gen. A. 11. Lawton: THOS. J. BERRY, Aid& de- Camp, Acting Assi8tant Adjutant- General. WAR DEPARTMENT, ~J. S. A., Richmond, October 26, 1861. Col. W. S. DILWORTH, Comdg. Third Aegt. Flu. Vols., Hdqrs. Fort Clinch, Flu.: SIR: I am in receipt of your letter of the I 4th O~4ober, with its sev- eral inclosures, submitted to this Department by Capt. Thomas E. Buckman, who came to Richmond by your orders. Captain Buckmans company having been accepted as a comI)aIly of infantry, armed with double barreled shot-guns, for twelve months, I have directed Briga- dier General Trapier to have the company mustered in on those terms whenever the required conditions are fulfilled. With regard to your request that Lieutenant-Colonel Hollands bat- talion of artillery be mustered iii as organized, with six companies, for twelve months, I have to say that this battalion has never been accel)te(l by this Department, nor can we accept artillery companies in battalions, but only by independent companies or batteries, leaving the question of any further organization to rest with the proper authority. Neither do we furnish any batteries to companies of artillery offered for twelve months only. It appears, however, that this battalion possesses but a single battery, sufficient only, and barely sufficient, for a single coni- pany. I have therefore directed Brigadier-General Trapier to accept, and muster in a single company, if ofibred, furnished with this battery for twelve months, but not to accept any other company of artillery br twelve months not armed with batteries, except such as he may deem necessary for working heavy guns in battery, and these only by mdc- l)endent conipanies. Lieutenant-Colonel Holland has been informed that his battalion cannot be accepted as at present organized, and there- fore that his commissiomi cannot be confirmed. However able he may be as an officer, and however valuable his services may be to you as an artillerist, of which I have read with great pleasure your flattering ~es- timuonials, this course is (lictated necessarily by a regard for the inter- ests of the service and for the general policy of this Department, a brief view of which, so far as concerns the acceptimi g and organization of troops, & c., you will find stated in the accompanying circular, which I respectfully inclose. It is now, of course, needless for me to add that the additional field pieces which you ask for on behalf of this battalion cannot be furnished. An artillery company furnishing its own battery .will be equipped for the field when mustered into service, but mio person other than the pi-oper officer of the Government can be authorized to purchase horse Page 297 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 297 or any other equipments or supplies for the battery or for ~he company, and such as may be ftirni~hed will be accepted only at a fair valuation. The remaining toj)ics of your letter shall receive due consideration, and your requisitions for ammunition & t are referred to the attention, of the Chief of Ordnance. Very respectfully, J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. NORFOLK October 26 1561. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN: A Federal soldiers hat was picked up to-day at Colonel Taylor~ farm, near Willonglibys Point, 3~ miles from Old Point. It contained two Boston pal)ers, one of the 19& h and one of the 21st. They contain important devejoprnents as to the destination of the great expedition. The gunboats are to concentrate in Hampton Roads, and the transports are to repair to Annapolis, and there embark a force of 25,000 inc n, lIII(ler General Sherman. Several of the larger steamers are loaded with surf-boats. The Papers state that the expedition is intended for Charles- ton and other places on our coast. At sundown the lookout reports over 100 sail of vessels in the Roads. They are arriving and departing continually. The main part of the expedition is still at the Roads, and great activity prevails in the fleet. Will send papers l)y Mondays mail. JAS. F. MLLLIGAN, Captain, Signal Officer, Department of Norfolk. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GEN.S OPFIcE, No. 190. f Richmond, October 26. 1861. * * * * * * * Xiii. The State of Georgia will hereafter constitute a separate department, to be designated the Department of Georgia, the command of which is assigned to Brigadier-General Lawton, liea4 Iquarters Savan- nah, Ga. XLV. The Department of Middle and Eastern Florida, announced in paragraph XII, Special Orders, No. 130, Adjutant and Inspector-Gen- erals Office, of August 21, 1861, wilL extend west to Choctawliatchee River. * * * * * * By command of Secretary of War: JNO. WiThERS, Assistant Adjutant-General. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, October 28, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: SIR: The special order by which the Chattahoochee River i~ estab- lished as the line between the two military departments of Florida ex- cludes Apalachicola and Saint Andrews Bay from the department to which General Trapier has heemi assigned, both places being west of the river, and therefore in West Florida. lt may be best that these places should be in General Braggs department, fbr the following reasons, viz Page 298 298 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. First. For necessary supplies Apalachicola and Saint Andrews are more conveniently connected with Pensacola than with any important position in Middle or East Florida. Second. The means of communication by telegraph and mail facilities are more speedy and less expensive; also for transportation of troops, guns, ammunition, & c. Third. The military department east of the Chattahoochee River, in the present deranged state of affairs, is more than sufficient to cOmm:tfl(l the utmost energies of any general to make a successful defense of the various important positions subject to and threatened with attack. You may inquire, then, why I suggested by telegram that Apalachi- cola and Saint Andrews Bay should be embraed in General Trapier s command. At the time the suggestion was made these places were not, by any general orders emanating from or authorized by the War De- partment known to me, embraced in any military department. From a misapprehension of the locality of Apalachicola General (irayson had assigned Colonel Hopkins to the command of the fort at Apalachicola, meaning, I suppose, the fort at Saint Vincents Island, 12 miles distant froum Apalachicola. The public interest and the proper defense of the / place required the immediate attention of an experienced and compe- tent officer. Very heavy, and in my judgment, upon the information received, very unnecessary, expenses were being incurred. As to expense, one item of $130 per diem for a steamboat, for which there was neither urgent nor reasonable necessity. As to defenses, one item: a ditch was commenced, to be 3 feet deep, 3 feet wide, and about 3 miles long, to be depended upon to enable not exceeding 500 men to defend the city from an attack by land. Moreover, unpleasant differences had arisen between Colonel Hopkins and Captain Dunham, of the State troops, which excited and alarmed the citizens and threatened most serious and disreputable consequences, the official orders relative to which by General Grayson and myself will be made known to you by certified copies inclosed by next mail. I did not suppose that General Bragg could give his im mediate personal attentiomi at Apalachicola, or that I could confer as promptly with him as with General Trapier, to remedy existing evils. Colonel Hopkins is a gentleman, but perhaps a little too excitable, and may not be l)ossesse(l of, in an eminent degree, the knowledge of men and science of war requi- site in a military commander. in a letter bearing date 30th June the Secretary of War notifies the governor of this State that the President deems it prudent, if not essential to the public safety, to form and orga~ize a reserve army carps of 30,000 men, and apportion to Florida the quota of 1,000 men. Your excellency will therefore receive for the war 1,000 men by independent cotn~)aniC5,~~ & c. When I came into office not a company had been raised, and the opin- ion, I think, was entertiimmed by my worthy predecessor that the requi- sitiomi could not be even partially complied with. I entertain a (lifierent opinion, and hope to be able in a few weeks to report to you 1,000 men in camps ready for instinction. For one battalion I shall establish a camp near Apalachicola, to be kmiown as Camp Benjamin in honor of the Acting Secretary of War, when, if necessary, the companies can be used in defense of the place. I have not yet (lecided where the other camp will be established, desiring, after an interview with General Trapier, to place it where it can be sustained at least expense and the companies that compose it made most useful; but permit me, with due deference, to protest against any authority in future to individuals to raise a corn Page 299 ChAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 299 pany or companies of any kind in this State. It brings their influence to accomplish the objects they have in view in conflict with State author- ity, and has prevented, and will continue to prevent, if not checked, the execative of the State from being able to comply with the requi~itions of the Presidetit through the War Department. Your attention, and through you that of the President, is r~spectftully invited to the following extract of a letter addressed to me officially by Col. J. P. Anderson, commanding near Pensacola the First Florida Regi- ment, viz: You will have heard of the affair on Santa Rosa Island, on the morning of the 9th instant. The object of the expedition was fully and completely accomplished, though I he loss of such men as Captaiii Brauford, of Florida; Lieutenant Nelms, of Georgia; Sergeant Routh, of Tallahassee; Private Tillinghast, & e., would not be compensated for, in my opinion, by the total annihilation of Billy Wilson and his whole band of thieves and cut-throats. The Florida Regiment only had 100 men in the expedition out of 1,060, and lost 6 killed, 8 wounded, and 12 prisoners, as follows, viz: Killed, Captain Bradford, Sergeant Rohth, Privates Tilliughast, Hale, Thompson of Apalachi- cola, and Smith. Wounded, Corporal Lanier, Privates Echols, MeCorkie S ims, William Denham, Hicks, Sharrit, and ONeal (Peter, of Pensacola). These are doing well and will recover; some are only slightly wounded. Prisoners: H. Hale, Company A, and Bond, Company A; Mahoney, Company B, and Nichols, Company B; Bev. Parker and Finley, Company E; Holliman, Godlie, John Jarvis, M. Mosely, and Pat- terson, of Company F; also Lieutenant Fancy, Company E. I deeply regret that such macmm as Lieutenant Fancy, Parker, and Finley should have fallen into the enemys hands. However, they write to us that they are well treated, but desI~ny unknown. By any civilized nation in the world most of these prisoners would be promptly deliv- ered up, for they were taken while standing as a safeguard over the enemys hospital, to prevent it from sharing the fate of the balance of the camp. They protected it from Ilamne and sword most scrupulously, but failing to hear the signal for us to retire, only remained too faithful to their trust, and have fallen into the hands of the enemy by so doing. Their names should illustrate one of the brightest pages of Floridas history. In a few days I will present to your consideration my views in regard to the defenses of Florida and the organization of a military depart- ment embracing parts of Georgia and Alabama adjacent to the Chatta- hoochee River, the importance and advantage of which will be readily understood. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN MILTON, Governor of Florida. RICInIOND, October 29 1861. General LAWTON, Savannah: Colonel Mercer was appointed brigadier-general to-day. The enemys fleet sailed South this morning; destination unknown. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. TALLAHASSEE, October 29, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN: Florida wants arms. She has never received a musket from the Con. federate States. The Gordon brings sabers and pistols. Can I get some? Respectfully, JOHN MILTON, Governor of Florida Page 300 300 COASTS OF S. C, GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, Fla.., October 29, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President C. S. A. SIR: On the 28th instant I a(ldressed a letter to the Hon. J. P. Ben- jainin, Secretary of War, in which I invited his attention and requested him to call the attention of your excellency to the extract made from a letter of Col. J. Patton Anderson, First Florida Regiment, relative to members of his rcgiment being made prisoners while standing as a s~ifeguard over the enemys hospital to prevent it from sharing the fate of the balance of the camp. Permit me, sir, with all due respect, to invite such demand on the l)art of your excellency as the laws of nations will sustain for the hoi- orable release of all the prisoners, and especially those from Florida, cal)tured nuder these circnmstauces; but, should the enemy be insensi- ide to such de~iand,then, that in any exchange of prisoners which may be made, the prisoners thus taken may be among the first exchanged. October 30.I had the honor to receive your highly-esteemed favor of the 23th,* and avail myself of the courteous invitation to a free corre- spon(lence. The extent of our coast aiid its character are easily ascertained by maps and coast surveys, but a personal acquaintance with the localities, settled l)ortions of the State, and mixed characier of the population would be requisite to a just appreciation of our exposed position in the l)resent war. My opinion has been and is yet, that if General Scott, as the Commander-in-Chief of the United States troops, with full powers to direct their movements, really desired the subjugation of the South, of which I have no doubt, amid Ii ad possessed the distinguished quali- ties of a soldier which have been ascribed to him, with I he least intel- ligence as a statesman as to causes and effects, the conquest of Florida would have been promptly made. Vim-ginia would mm t have been dis- turbed. The conquest of Florida, as one of the seven States, would have had a l)owertul influence npou foreign nations, an ins~)iring effect 111)011 the minds ef his tm-oops and Qf the citizens and Government of the United States, an(l formed a basis for future operations which would have checked Virgimmia and other States that have not seceded, amid dispirited many iu the seceded States who al)prehended with fear and trembling the consequences of a change of government. The fate of the South would hive been hair-hung. But, as if God in mercy l)ermit- ted General Scotts madness and folly, every movement he made but gave strength aiid vigor to our cause. As it is, unable to conquer any other State, may not Florida claim their attemition ~ With our feeble- ness they are well acquainted through traitors, some of whom yet remain among us. Independent of the force at and about Pensacola there are no troops by proper authority imi Commfrderate service except time Third and what is termed the Font-tIm Regimnents, and such companies of cavalry as have been received. Time Third hilegiiuemit, commanded by Col. W. S. Dilworth, a ci~-iliau, is scattem-ed from Fernandina to the mouth of the Saint Johns River and Saint Augnstine, and, if I am correctly inforum- ed,is in a deplorable condition. I presunme there is not a field officer attached to it, unless it may be Major Church, at Saint Augustine, of KNot fouud Page 301 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 301 strict 801)riety; but the colonel, W. S. Dilworth, is improving, and will, I think, make an efficient officer. With regard to what is called the Fourth Regiment, commanded by Col. Edward Hopkins, there were but eight imperfect companies when he was elected, and I shall not consent that another may be added to it, for reasons you will appreciate. Of two companies ordered to vote, one was never attached to it, but was under the command of General Bragg, and did not vote. The other was in State service for six months, coin- mande(l by a nephew of Colonel Hopkins, voted for him for colonel, ~vas in three weeks afterwards mustered out of service, and has never had a moments connection with the regiment. The time of election was onlV known a day or two before it occurred, and was intended to secnre the command to D. P. Holland, who happened to be a pet of Governor Perry, and whose character was so odious that he was beaten by Hop- kinsthe only man, perhaps, in the State that, if the election had been ~)roperly advertised, flopkimms could have defeated~ an reason d the assigned by Governor Perry to the attorney-general of time State ,to in y self, and perhaps others, why he commissioned Hopkins, was that lie apprehended that if he refused to do so lie would be charged with hav- ing refused because he defeated Holland. For the character of Mr. Holland I refer you to Mr. Mallory, Judge Hawkins, or any other gentle- m~:n in West or Middle Florida, where he is known. in East Florida, where his true character is not yet ascertained, he is figuring in corn- mand of four companies, by the illegal appointmemmt of Governor Perry as lieutenant-colonel of an artillery battalion, to which I have, in a previous letter, invited your attention. Governor Perry is, I reckon, as you have perceived, a man of strong prejudices, without very extraordinary imitellectual abilities. The eight companies said to compose the Fourth Regiment are some of themn in a deplorable conditiomi, and scattered as follows: Three of the comnpanies are on Saint Vincents island, 12 miles from Apalachi- cola., relative to which you will find papers imiclose(l; one company at Saint Marks, commanded by Captain Dial, an efficiemit officer; one at the light-house, 12 miles off commanded by Captain Law, a well dis- posed but ignorant man, and his men, that would have made fine sol (tiers if properly commanded, are much dernoralized~ one comnpany is at Tampa, and an effort making there to get another, commanded by a major of no military education, and, if I am informed rightly, on an accidental visit to Florida; the other two comnpanies at Cedar Keys, coma- man(led by Lieut. Col. M. Whit. Smith, who is said to drink to great excess. Hopkins, whom I now believe most honestly to be too irritable, involved himself in difficulties at Apalachicola, and was erdere(l by General Grayson to remain on Saint VThcents Island, with his lhree companies, but left without permission and caine to Tallahassee. General Grayson was very sick and would not see him, but I have reason to believe if he had lived he would have had himn disumissed from the service. General Grayson requested me to direct all military movements. We were personal acquaintances thirty years ago. To discourage young officers from coming in conflict with officers claiming to be in Confeder- ate service, I ordered Lieutenant-Colonel James, in command of State troops at Apalachicola, to report to and obey the orders of Colonel Hop- kins, and for a few days intrusted the defense of the place to him; but his conduct has been so extraordinary that I have revoked the order, and thrown him back npon General Graysons orderto confine himself to Saint Vincemits Island and its defenses Page 302 302 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. LCHAP. XV. As a matter of economy and public safety I would respectfully sug- gest that, inasmuch as the regiment has never been completed accord- ing to the terms upon which it was understood to have been accepted, the field officers be retired from the service, and the companies be re- tained, for the present, under the command of their respective cal)tains, subject to the orders of General Trapier or the governor of the State; that the pretended battalion of artillery be refused, and thrown back for the J)resent upon the State. There was but one order relative to it obtained from General Grayson, a copy of which is inclosed, and under circumstances a knowledge of which you can obtain from Dr. Sabal, the medical director of General Grayson, now on his way to Richmond. Then, sir, if you wi;l accept of twenty companies for twelve months, and reserve to yourself the appointment of field officers, and appoint such as are known to you, or such as I may recommend, I can have the companies ready, I think, in a fortnight, embracing the eight companies now under Hopkins commaiid. Freed of him, I will add two fine com- panies, and the regiment xviii be complete and equipped. Then, by adding six companies to the four now co~nmanded by Lieutenant-Colonel holland, another regiment of infantry may be formed, with an artillery company attached, equipped with the guns, & c., now used by Hollands battalion, the entire equipment being not more than sufficient for one company, allowing, meanwhile, Hollands four companies to remain on duty where they now are until the regiment is completed. The State troops at Apalachicola are under command of my aideAe- camp, Col. Richard F. Floydaim accomplished gentleman and competent oflicerand a copy of his orders is inclosed. By letter he is ordered to defend the place, if attacked, to the last extremity. Now, permit me to say that Georgia and Alabama are as much, if not more, interested in the defense of Apalachicola, so far as commerce is concerned, as Florida; therefore, in view of our extended coast, amid the almost insurmountable obstacles to its successful defense, I would rec- ommend, in ost respectfully and earnestly, that a military department be composed of the counties contiguous on both sides of the Chattahoo- chee River, so as to embrace Columbus, Ga. Look at the map and the relative positions of the conuties in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Such a military department, under a brigadier-general of military cdii- cation, experience, and sobriety, would eontribnte greatly to Southern defense. The military department proposed, most respectfully, may be com- 1)osed of the folio wing-named counties in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, viz: In Georgia., the counties of Decatur, Thomas, Miller, Early, Baker, Clay, Calhoun, Randolph, Quitman, Stewart, Muscogee; in Alabama, the counties of Henry, Dale, Barbour, and Russell; in Florida, the coun- ties of Leon, Gadsden, Wakulla, Jefferson, Madison, Liberty, Washing- ton, Calhoun, Jackson, and Franklin. The proposed military department has been submitted to the consid- eration of the governors of Georgia and Alabama. The remaining counties of Middle, East, and South Florida will form a military depart- ment sufficient in itself to command the utmost vigilance of an experi- enced and able officer. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, JOHN MILTON Page 303 CHAr. Xv.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. CONFEDERATE. 303 ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, Tallahassee, Fla., October 30, 1861. His Excellency JoHN MILTON, Governor of Florida: SIR: In obedience to your instructions of the 16th instant, requiring me to visit Fernandina and report to you the condition of the defenses at that place. I have the honor to submit the following, viz: The defenses consist of a sand and palmetto-log battery of eight guns, all mounted, to wit: Five 32-pounders, two 24-pounders (smooth bore), and one rifled 6-inch gun on a ship carriage. This battery I conceive to be very inju(liciously , havii~g 24-pounders, 32-pounders, and rifled guns all in the same battery in barbette, except that two of the 32-pounders are partially masked by slight traverses on the parapet. These traver~ es confine the field of fire seaward to about 150. These gnus are all placed on a straight line, except the rifled gun, which is 1)laced just iii rear of the left gun, and when fired its direction will be obliquely over the short-range gulls, thereby endangering the men at these guns, and at the same time drawing the fire of the enemy on the whole battery long before they come wit hill the reach of the 24-pounders an(l 32-pounders. There is also one 24-pounder and two 32-pounders un- mounted at Fort Clinch, and one 8-inch columbiad landed at the wharf at Fernandina on the 27th instant. The weather during my visit was so stormy as to render it impossible for me to visit Colonel Hollands camp at the sonth end of the island, 18 niiles distant; neither did I witness the drill of the troops in the linme- (hate vicinity of Fernandina for the same reason; but the idea formed by seeing the men and officers about the streets was anything but favor- able to their discipline, having seen several staggering tlirongh the streets on the Sabbath day. They are sadly in ~vant of an efficient corn- mander ani a good drill-master for both artillery and infantry. I learned that Colonel Holland had not yet located his l)crmanent camp at the south en(l of the island; neither had any breastworks been thrown up, lie having but a few (lays before moved to that point. II is command consists of four companies of artillery, with four brass 6-pounders, 500 6- l)Ound balls, and 75 gi-ape and canister, and 500 cannon fi-iction tubes his men are armed with muskets all(l cai-bines4,000 caps, and a lot of balls. Of amlunnition, as tar as I conid learn, there are 300 32-pounder caps, 500 cannon friction tubes, 770 32-pound balls, 80 32-pound shells, 100 rounds of shell and fixed ammullition fOr the 32-pounder rifled gun, 90 24-pound balls, 12,000 ball and buck-shot cartridges, 2,000 caps (the latterballs and capsdelivered to the officer in command of the fort), 7 00 0 C~l)5 still in possession of General Finegan. The above consti- iutes, as far as I could leai-n, all the ammunition on the island. There are at this t me seven coml)anies on the island, One of which is a cavalry company and the others are infantry. These are exclusive of the four companies belonging to Colonel Hollands battalion of artillery. This battalion has never been mustered into either State or Confederate servicc, but. an order for them to be furnished with the requisite arms and equipments issued by General Grayson has been forwarded to Rich- mond, showing the amount necessary to place this battalion iLL condi- tion for active and efficient service. Respectfully, your obedient servant, F. L. DANCY, Adjutant and Inspector General Page 304 304 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAr. XV. TALLAHASSEE, October 31, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN: Have not seen or heard from General Trapier. full investigation satisfies me that troops, guns, & c., should be removed promptly from Saint Vincents Island to Apalachicola. Shall I order the movements? A messenger here waiting for the order. JOHN MILTON, G~ ceruor of Florida. RICHMOND, October 31, 1861. Gov. JOHN MILTON, Tallahassee, Fla.: You are authorized to remove the guns and other munitions of war from Saint Vincents Island to Apalachicola. General Trapier will be in Fernandina in two or three da~s. ~. ~. BENJAMIN, Acting & cretary of War. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, Fla., October 31, 1861. His Excellency JOSEPH E. BROWN, Governor of Georgia: SIR: I have this day recommended to the President and Secretary of War the establishment of a military (lepartment, to be composed of the following counties in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, lying on or near the Chattahoochee River, viz: In Georgia: Decatur, Thomas, Miller, Early, Baker, Clay, Calhoun, Randolph, Quitman, Stewart, aI)(1 Muscogee. In Alabama: Henry, Dale, Barboui~, and Russell. In Fl irida: Leon, Gadsden, Wakulla, Jefferson, Madison, Liberty, Washi ngt Ol)~ Jackson, Calhoun, and Franklin. I respectfully invite your consideration aiid approval of the measure I)rol)osed. Georgia and Alabama derive even more commercial advan- tages from Apalachicola than Florida herself, and both those States are deeply interested in its defense. I am, sir, very respec~tffilly, JOHN MILTON. Abstract from monthly return of the Departrn t of Georgia, cornmandcd by Brig. Gcn. A. B. Lawton, for October, 1561. Present for ~ ~ Artillery. duty. Stations. 35 ~ bL~ 0 South end Big Cumberland Island . 6 110 142 150 4 Fort Pulaski 17 290 352 379 30 Brunswick, Ga 9 129 140 154 5 Oglethorpe Barracks 1 68 87 99 6 Genesis Point 2 39 70 70 5 Great Warsaw battery 6 120 140 171 5 . Page 305 Cair. XV~ CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. Ab8tract from monthly return of the D~artment of Georgia, 4~c.Continued. Stations. Thunderbolt battery Saint Simons Island Sapello Island Isle of Hope Jek y 1 Island Sun bury, South Newport. Near Darien Carterets Point Camp Lawton (Savannah) Camp Omuming (Savannah) Skidaway Island. - - Tybee Island Camp Wayne, Waynesvifle Other points Grand total Present for duty. a 0 3 39 11 2 23 3 4 4 3 21 6 28 54 7 4 253 100 697 268 50 359 43 67 68 53 396 63 498 896 165 67 4, 552 4 n a Artillery. ~ _________ o 0,0 +~ -.~a a a be uf a a aO ~., ~ ~a ~ a bi bC a a a ~ 109 116 4 855 919 8 . 321 364 j 55 70 499 563 6 49 71 73 73 ~ 75 56 64 421 432 86 101 636 658 1,086 1,183 2 175 190 8 71 74 5,497 5,982 83~ 17 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA, Hon. J. ~. BENJAMIN, Savannah, November 1, 1861. Acting Secretary of War, Richmond, Va.: SIR: I have the honor to inclose to you a communication received to- day from Col. T. J. Warthen, commanding a regiment at one of the camps of instruction recently placed under my authority, and by your directions ordered to Richmond. These camps having been established by the governor, under some sort of authority from the late Secretary of War, he (the governor) attempts such control over them as may delay their preparations for departure. Of course no attention will be paid by me to this notice of protest, and I only inclose the letter to explain the precise state of things at the time I assume command~f these camps. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. H. LAWTOX, Brigadier. General, Commanding. [Inclosure.] HEADQUARTERS CAMP STEPHENS, October 30, 1861. General A. H. LAWTON: But a few hours since I received a communication from his excellency the governor, stating that he had not been advised by the Secretary of War of the action of the Department in ordering this regiment to Vir- ginia, and, moreover, stating that he had just written to the Department protesting, in the name of the State, a~gainst this and other regiments being removed from the State. I thought it due to you that you should be notified of the same. Again signifying to you that I shall obey with pleasure any order emanating from you, I subscribe myself, your obedient servant, THOMAS J. WARTHEN, Colonel, Commanding !Vwentieth Regiment Georgia Volunteer8. 20 R RYOL VI 30 Page 306 306 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV~ RICHMOND, November 1, 1861. Gov. FRANCIS XV. PICKENS, Golumbia, S. C.: I have just received information, which I consider entirely reliable, that the enemys expedition is intended for Port Royal. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. Same to Generals Drayton and Ripley.) COLUMBIA, November 1, 1861. Hon. Mr. BENJAMIN: Telegraph received. Please telegraph General Anderson, at Wilming- ton, and General Lawton, Savannah, to send what forces they can spare, as the difficulty with us is as to arms. I have telegraphed them both. F. W. PICKENS. CHARLESTON, November 1, 1861. To SECRETARY OF WAR: Dispatch received. Will act at once. A fine strong southeast gale blowing, which will keep him off for a day or so. Will advise. B. S. RIPLEY. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA, Savannah, November 1, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War, Richmond, Va.: SIR: It is now generally understood that the governor of this State is ~reparing to call out a large force of State troops, to be thrown on the coast of Georgia. A brigade has already been organized and a brigadier-general appointed by the governor This may not be at all embarrassing, but I am now informed that the governor proposes to organize a division forthwith, and to commission a major-general and send him to the coast, nnder an act passed at the last session of the legislature of Georgia. This may lead to serious embarrassment, and both General Mercer and myself see cause for uneasiness in the con- templated action of the governor. As all the arrangements for defense on this coast have been made without reference to State authority, I desire instructions from the Department as to the conrse which must be adopted, if an officer, commissioned by the governor of Georgia, of a higher grade than the Confederate general now on duty here, shall claim the command. I desire the views of the Department, that I may act with promptness and feel assured that my action will be approved. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. B. LAWTON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. SAVANNAH, November 1, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of IVar, Richmond, Va.: DEAR SIR: I have to-day written you an official letter in reference to the prospect of a major-general of the State of Georgia being ordere Page 307 Ciu~. XV.1 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 307 by the governor to this coast. Pardon me for using the vehicle of a private note to convey some facts which I did not wish to communicate more formally. Governor Brown has suddenly shown a disposition to exercise a good deal of authority over, and claim much credit for, the coast defense, and his desire now is to make such appointments as will secure the control to him in case of an attack. He was anxious to appoint Colonel Mercer major-general, so as to secure it through him; bitt Colonel iNlercer would not lend himself to the arrangement. Hence my urgent dispatch in reference to his appointment in the Confederate service, and I was much gratified to find by your reply that the appoint- ment was made. It is now well understood that Governor Brown will at once appoint General W. II. T. Walker a major-general, and his com- mission will no doubt bear date before the time that this note will reach you. General Walker is an old friend of mine, and under other circum- stances I could have no objections whatever to serving under him, as he is several years niy senior, but I fear that the feelings with which he has now left the Confederate service, fomented by the temper which 43~overnor Brown has (in the past at least) exhibited towards the War Department, might cause great embarrassment here, if he is permitted to assume command under State authority. Besides, after passing through the labor, the anxiety, the alarms, and complaints of the people on the coast, I would regret to see the results pass from my control, when we are comparatively in a condition to receive the enemy. If it must pass into other hands I service in some other department. would gladly receive an order for Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. II LAWTON. His Excellency Governor MLLTON,CHARLE5TON~ November 1, 1861. Tallahassee, Eta.: SIR: You have, I presume, been officially informed from the War De- partment of my appointment to the command of the Military Depart- ment of East and Middle Florida. I accordingly write to put myself in correspondence with your excellency, and to advise the adoption of such preliminary measures for the defense of that portion of the State as may very well be commenced in anticipation of my arrival to take command in person. I am not accurately informed as to the number of troops now in the field in that portion of Florida. The force which, in my judgment, with the lights now before me, will be required cannot fall short of 7,000 men,of all arms,and Iwould respectfully suggest the propriety of at once calling for a sufficient number of regiments to make up that force. Fernandina (or Amelia Island) is obviously the point most likely to become the object of the enemys first attack, and I have accordingly already taken steps for its better protection. An engineer officer of the corps of this State, a gentleman of skill and experience, kindly put at my service by Governor Pickens, is now under orders for that place and on his way there, with instructions from me for his guidance, and author- ity to make such alterations and additions to the batteries already erected there as may seem to be immediately called for for their greater strength and security. I am organizing my staff, and hope to be able to proceed to Florida by the 10th of this month. Meanwhile I shall be glad to hear fro Page 308 308 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CiA.?. XV. your excellency, and to receive any suggestions you may have to make~ at this city. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. TRAPIER, Brigadier- General. [Thdor8ement.] EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, lila., November 5, 1861. To the SECRETARY OF WAR: Will the President receive two more infantry regiments in this State~ for twelve months service, under command of General Trapier, the companies to be raised by me and when reported ready the President to appoint the field officers? do not think it possible to raise immedi- ately more than two regiments in this State. If other forces are needed~ therefore the necessity of the new military department recently sug- gested by me. Very respectfully, JOHN MILTON, Governor of Florida. RICHMOND, Xovember 2, 1861. Governor PICKENS, Columbia, S. C.: Will send dispatches and give you re-enforcements with speed as soon as I know that your coast is actually the poiiit of attack. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMI~NT, Tallahassee, October 31 (via Columbus, November 2), 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: The steamer Salvor, owned and commanded by James McKay, of Tampa, has been captured by the enemy on the quicksand between Tortugas and Key West. Cargo, 21,000 stand of arms, 100 boxes of revolvers, 6 rifled cannon, and ammunition. JOHN MILTON, Governor. WILMINGTON, November 2, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN: I promised Governor Pickens if he would help me to return the favor in case South Carolina was attacked. He says the fleet will attack Port Royal. In that event will you justify me in sending one or twG regiments and a field battery? J. R. ANDERSON Brigadier. General, Comma nding Page 309 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 309 RICHMOND, November 4, 1861. General JOSEPH R. ANDERSON, Wilmington, N. C.: As soon as Governor Pickens informs you that South Carolina is attacked, you may send him all the aid that you can possibly spare. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. SAVANNAH, November 4, 1861. J. P. B~ENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War: The enemys fleet concentrating between Savannah River and Port Royal. Point of attack still doubtful. More than twenty vessels in sight. A. R. LAWTON, Brigadier- General. CHARLESTON, November 4, 1861. General COOPER, Adjutant-General: Enemys fleet concentrating between Tybee and Port Royal. Have started re-enforcements to General Drayton. Am occupying the coun- try mIami with cavalry, and concentrating the force here to re-enforce either Drayton or Lawton. Desire authority for General Anderson to re-enforce me. Not much fear of any landing north of Edisto. R. S. RIPLEY. CHARLESTON, November 5, 1861. General S. COOPER: Forty-one vessels reported off Beaufort. Attack imminent. Have requested General Lawton to re-enforce Hilton Head with from 500 to 1,000 men, and have requested General Anderson to send me two regi- ments and a field battery. Will you confirm the requests? Shall start in person as soon as reserve is organized, and attack as soon after they land as I can reach them. R. S. RIPLEY. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GEN.S OFFICE, No. 206. f Richmond, November 5, 1861. * * * * * * * XII. The coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida are constituted a military department, and General R. E. Lee, C. S. Army, is assigned to its command. By command of the Secretary of War: JNO. WITHERS, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 310 310 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV GoLDSBOROUGH, November 6, 1861. General S. COOPER: The following letter has just reached me, having been picked up near the wreck of the steamer Union, addressed by Louis H. Pelouze, acting assistant adjutant-general, to the captain of that steamer: In the event of your transport being separated from the fleet, you will proceed t@ Port Royal, S. C., and report to the quartermaster of that port. R. C. GATLIN, Brigadier- General. CoLTJMBIA, November 6, 1861. Hon. Mr. BENJARIN, Secretary of War: As I anticipated, they have passed the batteries, and will take Beau- fort. My difficulty is in want of arms. I gave out the last to arm the 4,000 recently mustered in. I cannot rely on half.armed men ordered out, except to defend the railroad. If I cannot get arms, can you not spare Greggs regiment from Suffolk, and order it immediately to Poco- taligo, or near there 7 See if any troops there at present. All to report to General Lee. F. W. PICKENS. CHARLESTON, November 6, 1861. S. COOPER, Adjutant-General: General Drayton telegraphs from Fort Walker at 11 p. m. yesterday: No one wounded here; only 3 slightly at Bay Point. Enemy threat- ened another attack this afternoon, but withdrew on firing four or five shots at them. Now about fifty sail within 4 or 5 miles, several brigs, large transports. De Saussures regiment I trust i-cached Dray- ton this morning, and hope that General Lawton has re-enforced him with 1,000 men from Savannah. One regiment from Wilmington ex- pected to arrive momentarily here. Have arranged transportation by Savannah Railroad, and hope to have steamers to transport a large force to attack speedily, should he effect a landing. H. S. RIPLEY. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Milledgeville, Ga., November 7, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War, Richmond Va.: SIR: I herewith transmit to your Department copy of letter received by me from his excellency the governor of Florida, informing me that he has recommended to the President and Secretary of War ~he estab- lishment of a military department, to be composed of certain counties of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.* While I am not fully convinced of the necessity of establishing the new military department proposed by the able and patriotic executive of Florida, I have no objection to its establishment should the President * See Milton to Brown, October 31, p. 304 Page 311 Ca& r. Xv.l CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 311 and War Department deem it advisable to carry out the recommenda- tion of Governor Milton. Very respectfully, & c., JOSEPH E. BROWN. WILMINGTON, November 7, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I have sent one regiment and one field battery to Charleston, and await such certain information of attack as will justify me in sending more troops under your instructions. J. R. ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, Commanding. SAVANNAH, November 8, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN: The enemy has taken complete possession of Port Royal entrance and now controls the inland navigation at that point. I sent 1,000 men to re-enforce General Drayton on Hilton Head. They have returned to me with but few casualties, having been in the hottest of the fight. A. It. LAWTON, Brigadier- General. COLUMBIA, November 8, 1861. Hon. Mr. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I telegraphed you this morning to ask for Greggs regiment to report at Pocotaligo, but have no reply. Ripley is absent from Charleston. Telegraph me for Captain MeCords company to report. It is ready. A fine company just received for Hamptons Legion, but I armed it to-day to send to Beaufort. Do give me an order for Coits company also. All our regiments are safe from Hilton Head and Bay Point. We must defend Charleston, and I have no arms for any more men, but have ordered out a large reserve to meet at Gillisonville or Pocotaligo. Let me know if Lee is in command, so I may order troops to him. F. W. PICKENS. COOSAWIIATCHIE, November 8 1 General COOPER, , 861 (via Pocotaligo). Adjutant- General: Enemy attacked forts in Port Royal yesterday morning. After a hard cannonade silenced Fort Walker. General Drayton withdrew his troops last night to main line. No positive news from Bay Point, but the enemy have passed in and have possession of Port Royal. General Lee arrived. R. S. RIPLEY Page 312 312 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. 1C~i~. ZY. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS, No. 1. (Joosawhatchie, 5. 0., November 8, 1861. I. In pursuance of instructions from the War Department, General R. E. Lee, C. S. Army, assumes command of the military department composed of the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida. II. Capt. T. A. Washington, C. S. Army, is announced as adjutant- general of the department; Capt. Walter H. Taylor, Provisional Army, as assistant adjutant-general; Capt. Joseph C. Ives, C. S. Army, as chief engineer; Lieut. Col. William G. Gill, Provisional Army, as ord- nance officer, and Mr. Joseph Manigault as volunteer aide-de-camp to the commanding general. * * * * * * * By order of General Lee: T. A. WASHINGTON, Captain, and Assistant Adjutant- General, C. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS, Coosawhatehie, November 9, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: SIR: On the evening of the 7th, on my way to the entrance of Port Royal Harbor, I met General Ripley, returning from the battery at the north end of Hilton Head, called Fort Walker. He reported ~that the enemys fleet had passed the batteries and entered the harbor. Nothing could then be done but to make arrangements to withdraw the troops from the batteries to prevent their capture and save the public property. The troops were got over during the night, but their tents, clothiig, and provisions were mostly lost, and all the guns left in the batteries. Gen- eral iDraytons command was transferred from Fort Walker to Bluifton; Colonel Dunovants from Bay Point to Saint Helena Island and thence to Beanfort. There are neither batteries nor guns for the defense of Beaufort, and Colonel Dunovant crossed Port Royal Ferry yesterday, and was halted at Gardens Corner. General Drayton reports he has but 955 men with him, and no field battery, the troops from Georgia that were on the island having returned to Savannah without orders. Colonel Dunovants regiment is in as destitute a condition as General iDraytons command, as they were obliged to leave everything behind, and number between 600 and 700 men. I wrote to General Lawton to endeavor to withdraw the guns from the battery at the south end of Hilton Head. I have received as yet no report from him nor any official account from the commanders of the batteries. I fear every gun has been lost. At present I am endeavoring to collect troops to defend the line of the railroad and to push forward the defenses of Charleston and Savannah. Colonel Clingmans regiment of North Carolina volunteers; six com- panies of Colonel Edwards regiment of South Carolina volunteers, and Colonel Martins South Carolina cavalry compose the force now here. The enemy, having complete possession of the water and inland navigation, commands all the islands on this coast, and threatens both Savannah and Charleston, and can come in his boats within 4 miles of this place. His sloops of war and large steamers can come up Broad River to Mackays Point, the mouth of the Pocotaligo, and his gun- boats can ascend soipe distance up the Coosawhatchie arid Tulifiny. We have no guns that can resist their batteries, and have no resource but t Page 313 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETO.CONFEDERATE. 313 prepare to meet them in the field. They have landed on Hilton Head. Their fleet is in Port iRoyal Harbor. Four of their gunboats are reported to be approaching Beaufort. I fear there are but few State troops ready for the field. The garrisons of the forts at Charleston and Savannah and on the coast cannot be removed from the batteries while ignorant of the designs of the enemy. I am endeavoring to bring into the field such light batteries as can be prepared~ I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, B. E. LEE, General, Commanding. RICHMOND, November 9, 1861. Governor PICKENS, Columbia, S. C.: General Lee is in command of the department embracing South Caro- lina and Georgia, as well as Eastern Florida. This was done in order to enable him to concentrate all our forces at any point that might be attacked. It is not necessary to send you regiments from this distance, but we will order more troops to your aid from North Carolina. You may retain all armed troops in South Carolina and all unarmed troops that can be made useful in batteries. General Lee has full power to act, and it would be well to send him a copy of this dispatch, that he may not scruple in using all the means of the Government within his reach for your defense. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. CHARLESTON, November 10, 1861. SECRETARY OF WAR: Circumstances may soon arise to make it necessary that martial law should be proclaimed in this city. I ask for authority to take the step. J. H. TRAPIER. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA, Savannah, November 10, 1861. General II. E. LEE, Coosawhatchie, S. C.: GENERAL: I had the honor to receive yesterday your letter of the 8th instant,* covering extract of Special Orders, No. 206, from head- quarters of the Army [A. and I. G. 0., November 5, 1861]. Permit me to express my extreme gratification at the contents of this extract, which assures me that I am to have the benefit of your military skill and experience in the present emergency; no one can appreciate the necessity for such assistance more than I do. I earnestly desire a personal interview with you at the earliest practicable moment, and trust that it may be in your power to visit Savannah, if only to remain here one night and return to Carolina the next morning. The present arrangements of the railway trains will make it very convenient for you to accomplish such a visit. It would afford me great pleasure to call on you at your present headquarters and there confer fully with you, but scarcely feel justified in absenting myself from my command at this * Not found Page 314 314 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. (CHAP. XV. critical juncture, even for the space of twelve hours, unless you attacli much importance to it, and cannot visit Savannah. The number of troops recently received by me in a comparatively unorganized condition, and the changes now suddenly made in the posting and disposition of them to meet the movements of the enemy, together with the great pressure at this moment on each department of the staff, will necessarily cause delay in furnishing you with an accu- rate and forward statement of the troops, guns, ammunition, & c., under my command. In the mean time I have the pleasure to state, for your information, that my command consists of about 5,500 men, mustered into the service of the Confederate States, and distributed along the coast. About 2,000, under command of Brigadier-General Mercer, are stationed at and near Brunswick. The remainder, say 3,500 men, are on this side of the Altamaha River, and all but 500 of this number within 20 miles of Savannah. Having to-day ordered up all the troops from Tybee Island (about 1,000), I will have about 2,800 men near the city that can move promptly, exclusive of 450 at Fort Pulaski and 200 at Green Island battery, on Yernon River, protecting an important landing about 12 miles in rear of Savannah. Of the 5,500 troops under my command, about 500 are cavalry and the rest infantry, with the exception of three field batteries (two of these pieces were sent to Hilton, with the re-enforcements to General Dray. ton, and lost). The cavalry are very well mounted and armed; the light batteries have a limited supply of horses, and but moderately well drilled. The infantry are made up chiefly of raw troops, though all substantially armed; about 2,000 of them are very well drilled and disciplined. As all the volunteer corps in and about Savannah have been mustered into service, they are included in the 5,500; but there are about 3,000 men, armed after a fashion, under State organization, now in camp on the line of railway, and can be called to Savannah in a few hours. With the assistance of the naval officers we are now blocking up the channel in several places, and hope for good results. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. R. LAWTON Brigadier- General, Commanding. COOSAWHATCHIE, November 10, 1801. Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR: Dispatch from Governor Pickens received. Am I at liberty to employ troops in South Carolina and Georgia passing through the States to Yirginia I R. E. LEE. RICHMOND, November 11, 1861. General R. E. LEE, Coosawhatchie (via Pocotaligo): You are authorized to use the entire resources of South Carolina and Georgia that are under control of the Confederate Government for your defense, whether troops, munitions of war, or supplies of every kind. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting ASecretary of War Page 315 Ca& r. XVI CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 315 MILLEDGEVILLE, November ii, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: The city of Savannah is menaced by the enemy, and we are in great need of arms. You have nearly all our guns. I request that you send to Savannah immediately the brigade of State troops trained here under command of General W. Phillips, now known in the Confederate service as the Phillips Legion, Colonels Wofford and Boyds regiments, and Stovalls battalion; also regiment of Georgia regulars. All these troops were trained at the States expense and thoroughly armed by her, and her safety now requires their services with their arms. Please answer immediately. JOSEPH E. BROWN. COLUMBIA, November 11, 1861. Hon. Mr. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: There are 910 Enfleld rifles in Charleston not paid for by Colonel Cun- ningham. if I can get them for troops mustered into the Confederate service can I do so ~I I would like to know the number of armed men I can rely on to be sent me. I have n~ arms; if I had I would ask for none. The great battle will be near Stono, but cannot take place until they are largely re-enforced, some weeks hence. I could raise 20,000 men if I only had the arms. Mr. Lee has been acting commissary here, but has no direct authority, and cannot act without constant permission. There is a necessity for an assistant commissary. PICKENS. F. W. HDQRS. MLL. DEPT. MIDDLE AND EAST FLORIDA, Fort Clinch, Amelia i.~land, lila., November 12, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, - Acting Secretary of War, C. S. A., Richmond, Va.: SIR: I had the honor to receive yours of the 26th ultimo by the hands of Captain Buckman, and strictly adhered to the instructions therein contained until the present emergency arose, which has thrown on me a heavy responsibility, as unexpected as it has been onerous and disa- greeable. A full report of my acts and doings I ask to submit to you, and which I trust, under the circumstances, you will indorse and sanction. Let me Premise by stating that General Trapier has not yet assumed command of this department, and consequently I am in command of this department. I cannot now state when General Trapier will be here, as I cannot calculate how the disaster at Port Royal may influence the movements of our Government. But to the point. In my last communi- cation I addressed you on the subject of the battalion of artillery, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Holland in command and Major Hopkins second in com- mand. They were presented in this shape by Governor Perry, and received by Brigadier-General Grayson, deceased, then in command of this department. On the 28th day of September, A. D. 1861 (see copy of order of Brig- adier-General Grayson), Brigadier-General Grayson also ordered them supplied by the quartermaster and commissary departments at this place. Four companies were received in this way, and, stating that the mustering officers would soon muster them into the service formally, unde Page 316 316 COASTS OF 5. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. this order they have continued in service. Last week, however, an order arrived from Governor Milton to disband them, theythe battalion regarding that they were not in the State service but in the Confederate service. In the mean time the Port Royal affair occurred on Thursday last. The United States war vessels are in sight every day, though not more than one at a time, evidently reconnoitering our coast and condi- tion. This battalion of four companies on Saturday offered to go in the service in any shape I might name, but if not mustered at once they would leave the island or accept a proposition which had been made by an officer in Georgia to receive them there into service in Georgia. It is only one mile and a quarter from this (Amelia Island) to Cumberland, in Georgia. The four companies composing this battalionCaptain Buckmans, Richards, Brinks, and Kendricksare well drilled. They are armed with muskets, and I supplied them with five field pieces, and since have received from our Government two beautiful 6-pounders, rifled- bore field l)ieces, carrying some 12 or 14 pounds elongated shot and shell. Placed in this situation, in imminent peril, with only, in the aggregate of the Third Regiment at this post, 659 men, no soldiers that I could call from other posts, I have mustered these companies into the Confederate States service as light infantry, and will accept two companies more, making in all six companies in the battalion for twelve months from the 28th day of September last, the day on which four of the companies were received by General Grayson. I have also notified proper parties that horses will be received on the same terms as in the cavalry service for the purpose of working the field artillery. I am fully aware that it is irregular to use infantry as field artillery; still, the regiments which I have the honor to command were mustered into the service as light infantry, and now they are con- verted into heavy artillery in part. I would ask that this battalion be increased into a regiment. We want them; we really need them. This island is 20 miles long on the sea-shore. I have, exclusive of the bat- talion, only 659 soldiers to defend it. When in surf-boats a landing can be effected anywhere, and small gunboats can come in in the rear from *2~eorgia or from the south end, there should be here at least 2,000 troops, stationed here permanently. Allow me also to state that I do not believe it possible to raise ten men in this State who will enlist for the term of three years or during the war. This was a strong reason why I ordered this battalion to be mustered into the service. I find, sir, that it will not do to rely on State troops to defend our country. There should be but one system of defense, and that should be originated and organized and systematized by the Confederate States Army. I hope, sir, that my course will receive the sanction of the Government which I have the honor to serve, and I assure you nothing was ever more painful to me in my life than this of being so situated when I felt compelled to act without having the proper authority; and I beg leave to refer you to MessrM. Ward, Morton, and OwensourDelegates in Con- gresswho know my character, and that it is not my disposition or na- ture to assume unauthorized and undelegated power. Should the Gov- eminent sustain my acts in this matter it will be a source of pleasure and gratification, but if condemned, then my mortification will be most acute. Still, I will have the consolation of knowing that I was actuated by the purest and most patriotic motives. Ex- Senator Yulee and every man with whom I have had any conversation say that my course was dictated by necessity; still I hope soon to have your approval. My adjutant, Lieut. J. 0. A. Gerry, will inform you particularly as to our defenses, ammunition, & c. We have at this point, the northeas Page 317 CHAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 317 end of Amelia Island, at and near Fort Clinch, eight 32-pounders; two 24 and one 32 pounder rifle, mounted; one 10-inch rifle and three 8-inch columbiads, nearly mounted. We are hard at work placing these last in position, and we hope by the end of this week to have them in fight- ing trim. We have about 100 rounds for each gun. So soon as these guns are up I have little fear that the enemy can come in through the main channel; at least I shall not believe it until I have a practical demonstration of the fact. With proper batteries at the south end of the islandsay one 8-inch columbiad and four 32 or 24 pounders, and infantry enough, say 2,000 in allI do not think the enemy could even land, or if they did jand, we could make them embark. We need par- ticularly field artillery, which could be carried with great rapidity from point to point over the island or along the beach; and nature has done much in making breastworks all along the beach in the shape of sand hills, behind which not only field artillery could be maneuvered to great advan- tage, but also musketry, though in this respect our muskets are the old United States musket, and not an efficient weapon by any means. For the port of Saint Angustine I need everything in the way of de- fense except the guns. However, I shall write you or the proper offi- cer fully on this topic in the event General Trapier should not arrive soon. We heard distinctly the firing at Port Royal at this place on last Thursday for about five hours, and the news of its occupancy has sad- dened us, but at the same time determined us to stand more firmly at our post, as we regard an attack here as imminent. On Friday a war steamer appeared in the offing, three-masted. On Saturday another, and on Sunday and Monday a sloop of war. To-day none have come in sight. They come near the west end, run south, and usually go as near the shore as 3 miles at the south end, showing that they are re- connoitering and making a critical ex: mination of our defenses, & c. They have now cut oft all water commLlnication with Charleston, and their next object, I apprehend, will be to break up the inland naviga- tion between this and Savannah, the benefits of which to us are incal- culable. I hope our Government will adopt some more speedy means of raising troops for the Confederate States. I could raise all the troops necessary for our defense in one week from this time if they could go immediately into the Confederate States service for twelve months; but when raised by the State the whole military body has been attempted to be painted with the political hues of the poor politicians, and our citi- zens are very averse to going through the chrysalis condition of State service, and after being pulled, hauled, and packed, as a gambler would his cards, for two or three months, then turned over to the Confederacy, unarmed, undisciplined, and undrilled, their time wasted and their coun- try unbenefited. There has been in Florida East too much politics mixed with the military in organizing the ~cgiments. Again expressing my most sincere and ~teep regret that circumstances have compelled me to act without the proper authority, and which ne- cessity alone could or should justify, and hoping soon to have the sanc- tion of my country to the course I have pursued, I leave the matter in your hands. I fear I have already tried your patience, but your name is so familiar, though not acquainted personally with you, I feel that I am addressing a friend to every man who is true to his country, and I ask you to mete out to me in this matter that same measure you would have meted to you under similar circumstances. God knows I have worked harder here than lever did in my life, and that my only motive has been to serve my country. 1 volunteered and was a private in the ranks until this (the Third) regiment was formed, when I was elected a colonel Page 318 318 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. and to-day would have been a private, had I not been elected to the colonelcy of the regiment. Trusting that our country may soon be delivered from its present troubles, I subscribe myself, your obedient servant, W. S. DILWORTII, ~1olonet, Commanding Department. RICHMOND, November 12, 1861. Gov. JOSEPH E. BRowN, Milledgeville, Ga.: There are reasons of public policy which would make it suicidal to comply with your request to withdraw Georgia troops from the enemys front at this moment. This Government will co-operate with all its power for the defense of your State, but it must do so in the manner it deems most certain to prodnce the desired effect of repulsing the enemy at all points, and cannot scatter its armies into fragments at the request of each governor who may be alarmed for the safety of his people. Be assured that no effort will be spared to aid you, and be good enough to communicate your confidence in this assurance to your people, thus allaying all needless panic. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND November 12, 1861. General J. II. TRAPIER, Charleston, S. C.: General Lee has now command of the whole coast of Carolina and Georgia. I cannot authorize you to proclaim martial law. Let the governor take that responsibility, if found necessary. If the enemy advance to attack the city, of course the city will then become a camp under military law, if the necessities of its defense so require. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. COLUMBIA, November 13, 1861. President DAVIS: Steel-clad steamer Fingal, cargo arms, & c., just run the blockade, and safe at Savannah. Now please send me an order for arms, as it is necessary. I am just off for Charleston. Arm us, and we are safe. F. W. PICKEKS. SAVANNAH, November 13, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: Your dispatch refusing to send back any of Georgias guns with her troops is forwarded to me here. You said a few days since in your dispatch that you would send us armed troops if attacked. A kind Providence has enabled Major Anderson to land here to-day with over 10,000 Enfield rifles belonging to the Confederacy. I now ask, not fo Page 319 CaAr. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 319 men, but guns. Let us have 5,000 of these in place of 5,000 of the States guns now in your service. Please answer immediately. JOSEPH E. BROWN. Gov. JOSEPH E. BROWN, Savannah: RICHMOND, November 13, 1861. As soon as I know what arms I have received I will give to Georgia troops all that I can possibly spare for her defense. I beg you to remember that ten other governors are making just such demands as yourself, and that it is not reasonable to complain that other exposed points should also be provided for. I will do my best, if not prevented by exaggerated demands which I have no means of satisfying. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND, November 13, 1861. General LAWTON, Savannah: Order to Savannah all the unarmed troops offered for the war that are or can be mustered into our service, so that I may arm them with rifles from the Fingal as far as I can possibly spare them. I cannot consent to put these arms into the hands of any troops mustered for a less term than the war. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND, November 13, 1861. Governor PICKENS, Columbia, S. C.: Have you got the rifles from Fraser & Co.? As soon as I know what number of arms I have received by the Fingal, I will arm your troops with every musket or rifle that I can possibly spare. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. TALLAHASSEE, November 14, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN: General Trapier has not arrived. The troops and munitions of war removed from Saint Vincents Island and works destroyed. An attack threatened at Apalachicola. We need arms and munitions of war. With them we can hold the place. A vessel has arrived at Savannah with arms, & c. Authorize me by telegraph to send an agent to get one or two good cannon and equipments and small-arms, and I will defend Apalachicola successfully. Please answer immediately. JOHN MILTON. WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., General R. E. LEE, Richmond, November 14, 1861. Commanding Department of South Carolina, & c.: SIR: I. have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your report of the 9th instant, not very encouraging in its contents, but evidently writte Page 320 320 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [CHAP. XV. before you had been enabled to gather in all the information necessary to enable you fully to jndge of the condition of your department. The arrival of the steamer Fingal at this critical moment is very opportune, and although the number of small-arms received is smaller than I had at first hoped, it is no contemptible addition to onr means of defense. Misled by a telegram which reported yon to be at Savannah, I sent to you yesterday at that point the following dispatch, which I hope was forwarded to you: Of the 9,000 Enfield rifles received by the Government on the Fingal, 4,500 are assigned to your command, to be placed by you in the hands of Georgia and South Carolina troops in our service for the war. Order 4,500 to be sent immediately to General Albert S. Johnston at Nashville, and a few hundred will remain, which please send here. Put none of these arms in the hands of troops not enlisted for the war. The governor of Georgia has received 1,100 rifles by the same steamer, so that you will have 5,600 for service within your department. As soon as I hear what further supplies we have on the Fingal in the way of cannon, & c., I will appropriate to you as full a share as I possibly can of whatever you may desire to aid your defense. I ordered Col. A. R. Wright, by dispatch yesterday, to proceed at once to Savannah for aiding the coast defense, and, as this is a full regiment, for the war, I doubt not you will find it expedient to arm it with the new weapons. The 10,000 blankets on the Fingal have been ordered here, where our troops need them mnch more than in more southern latitudes. It is the Presidents wish that you scruple not in employing every governmental resource within your reach, even troops in transit. You will, however, scarcely need this, for most of these troops are without arms, and have been ordered here to receive arms collected by the Potomac Army from various sources. I have a long letter from an inhabitant o~ Charles- ton, signing himself John II. Robertson, informing me that the forts in the harbor are in very incompetent hands. The writer speaks highly of Captain iRhett as a gentleman, but says he is totally without the experi- ence necessary for so important a post. Of Captain Wagner he speaks in very different terms, representing him to be not only incompetent, but neglectful and dissipated, never spending the night in his fort, but coming to town to indulge in excesses with the common prostitutes. Of course this is for your private information, and the writer, who seems to be actuated by the best of motives, ought not to be exposed to the hostility of these officers. I know, however, your habitual vigilance, and this communication was perhaps needless. Dont fail to keep us constantly advised, especially of your wants, and rely on my very best efforts to support you with the whole means of the Government that can with prudence be diverted from other exposed points. I am, your obedient servant, BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. SAVANNAH, November 14, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I trust you will let us have as many of the guns as possible. They landed here, and cannot be needed worse elsewhere. There are four rifled cannon. Do let us have two of them for fort, which lacks heavy guns. Answer at Milledgeville. JOSEPH E. BROWN Page 321 CnAP. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 321 Gov. JOSEPH E. BROWN, RICHMOND, November IA, 1861. Milledgeville: Out of about 9,000 rifles, I have assigned half to General Lees corn- mand and the other half to General A. S. Johnstons command. Gen- eral Lee will therefore have 4,500, which, when added to the 1,100 brought in for Georgia, makes 5,600 arms for the defense of Charleston and Sa- vannah. As soon as I get the account of the cannon on board I will appropriate to the same purpose every piece that I can fairly assign to your coast. I shall know in a day or two what is possil)le. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. CHARLESTON, November 14, 1861. J. P. BENjxMis: I have just learned that the small-arms, & c., on the Fingal are the property of the Confederate Government. General Lee is now here, and has made requisition on me for five regiments. I have the men ready, but no arms. XViIl you send me an order for them? You know their situation, and will surely help us in ammunition. F. W. PICKENS. Governor PICKENS, RICHMOND, November 14, 1861. Charleston, S. C.: I have assigned to General Lee 4,500 of the arms received by the Fingal, being half of all that are for us. The State of Georgia has also 1JOO ou board, so that General Lee will have 5,600 for arming his department. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. IIDQRS. FIRST MILITARY DISTRICT, DEPT. OF S. C., Maj. Gen. R. E. LEE: Georgetown, November 15, 1861. GENERAL: There are two redoubts near the mouth of Winyaw Bay, on Cat and South Islands. The first has mounted two 32-pounders, 50 rounds each; one rifled 12- pounder, 50 rounds, and two 24-pounders, 150 rounds each; three plin- cipal ihees nearly completed; two bastions in rear, and curtain entirely unfinished; no bomb-proof. South Island redoubt, four 24-pounders, 125 rounds each; one rifle 6-pounder, 50 rounds; one 18-pounder, 125 rounds; three faces finished, still open in rear; 1)0mb proof will be com- pleted in ten days; garrisoned by 320 men of Tenth Regiment. There are near Georgetown, of Tenth Regiment, 565 men; three companies cav- alry are on South Island, two near Georgetown, 135 men; one company rifles attached to Tenth Regiment, for local dnty near Georgetown, 50 men; one section light artillery on Waccamaw Neck, 40 inen1,1l0 men. I have called on General ilarilee, local volunteers, for 800; 280 have reported for duty; 200 more to arrive to-morrow; 4801,590; the re- 21 H HVOL V Page 322 322 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND Ei~ST FLA. renA?. XV. inainder, 320 cannot be here under a week. The 1,110 men are well armed, drilled, and equipped, and have about 100 rounds of ammunition to each man. The 480 are badly armed, mostly with shot-guns, are un- drilled, fully supplied with ammunition, but are scarcely fit for service yet. ~ There is also at the mouth of the North Santee River a redoubt mounting three guns, 12-pounders, not yet completed and not garrisoned; ammunition there sufficient. We have a full supply of powder and suffi- cient 24, 18, aud 12 pounder round shot. You will perceive that the other guns are short of the proper number of balls. Your obedient servant, A. M. MAKIGAULT, Colonel Tenth Regiment, & c. CHARLESTON, November 15, 1861. Hon. Mr. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I understand the Fingal has powder as well as arms. Be so kind as to set aside, if possible, 30,000 pounds of cannon powder as essential for a supply of our forts if we are to fight such a fight as at Hilton JIea(l. I believe we can have musket and rifle powder, but I would be glad if some musket were allowed also. If they are re-enforced by 30,000 men, we will use at least 15,009 men on James Island. I am deeply obliged for the arms divided between us and Georgia. We only want more. Can we get another regiment from North Carolina ~ We only have two. F. W. PICKENS. SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS, No. 1. Charleston, S. C., November 16, 1861. I. Commodore Ingraham, C. S. Navy, is assigned to duty in Charles- ton Harbor. He will superintend the preparation and armament of the batteries for its defense; assign to duty the naval officers at his dis- posal as ordnance officers at the batteries, arid execute such other orders relative to the naval operations in the harbor as he may receive from Flag-Officer Tatnall, Provisional Army. II. Lieut. Col. John S. Preston, assistant adjutant-general, C. S. Army, is hereby ordered to inspect and muster into the service of the Confi~d- crate States for the war such troops of the State of South Carolina as may be transferred by the governor of the State. These regiments must be armed and equipped by the State, except three regiments, or 2,500 men, who will be armed by the Government with the Enfield rifle. Upon the assembling of these troops at such places of rendezvous as may be selected by the governor, the mustering and inspecting officer will make requisitions npommthe proper Departments for arms, transporta- tion, and such other munitions as may be necessary, and report his operations from time to time to the general commanding. By order of General Lee: T. A. WASHINGTON, Captain, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 323 Cii~. XV.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 323 Gox-. FRANCIS W. PICKENS, RICHMOND, November 17, 1861. Charleston, ~. C.: As soon as I can learn what ammunition is on board the Fingal you shall have your full share of everything. Be assured my solicitude for your defense is as great as your own, and nothing shall be refused that we can possibly give. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting & cretary of War. SPECIAL } HEADQUARTERS, ORDERS, Goosawhatchie, C., November 17, 1861. I. Brig. Gen. R. S. Ripley, Provisional Army, will proceed to Charles- ton, S. C., and relieve Brig. Geu. J. II. Trapier in his command at that place. The latter, on being relieved, will proceed to Fernandina, Fl a., and take command, pursuant to existing orders from the War Depart- ment. General Ripley will prosecute vigorously the completion of the water and land defenses of Charleston, and General Trapier ~vill make use of all means in his power for the defense of Cumberland Sound. II. The following disposition of troops will be carried into effect as soon as practicable, viz: ileywards and De Saussures regiments, South Carolina volunteers, under the immediate command of General Dray. ton Cliugmans and Radcliffes North Carolina volunteers will continue near Grahamville, and Dunovants and Edwards South Carolina volun- teers at their present positions. * * .* * * * * By order of General Lee: T. A. WASHINGTON, Captain, and Assistant Adjutant- General, C. ASr. Army. HEADQUARTERS PROVISIONAL FORCES, Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Coosawhatchie, November 1~, 1861. Assistant Adjutant- General: CAPTAIN: Being about to repair to Charleston, in obedience to the orders of the general commanding, I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing information concerning the troops in this vicinity: Bluifton is held by Lieutenant-Colonel Colcocks cavalry, in observa- tion only. It has been reported to me that there are two companies of infantry of Heywards Ninth [Eleventh] regiment remaining there, but I have nothing definite. This section of country is under charge of General Draytons command, which it is intended to move forward as soon as possible to occupy positions to cover Bluffton and the roads to Hardeeville. General 1)raytons command is composed of ileywards an(l De Saussures reoime nts, Ninth [Eleventh] and Fifteenth South Carolina Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Colcocks cavalry. Colonel Cling mans regiment of North Carolina volunteers (Twenty-fifth), occu- pies a point on the Honeywood road in advance of Grahamville, intended to be a guard for that town and to cover the roads leading from Tennys or Boyds Landing. His quartermaster and commissary are directed t Page 324 324 COASTS OF S. C., GA., AND MIDDLE AND EAST FLA. [ChAr. XV. establish depots and obtain supplies of subsistence at Grahamville, as far as possible; whether they will be successful remains to be seeii, and the regiment will have to be looked after in the general depots. Captain Trezevants company of cavalry is in advance of Colonel Clingman, in observation of Boyds and Tennys Landings. Gefleral Draytons command is supplied from his own depots at Hardeeville. At the estates landing, near H uguenins plantation, are stationed the 8-inch howitzer battery, under General Gonzales, as volunteer aide-dc- camp to myself. The howitzer battery is manned by the Palmetto Guard (State troops), and has attached to the command the Charleston Light I)ragoons and Rutledge Mounted Rifles; the last are, however, in observation near Pocotaligo and Port Royal Ferries. Colonel Radcliffes Eighth North Carolina Volunteers is on the right of Gonzales command, in position to support the battery or to (lefend the roads from Eutaw Church or to move forward to support. Clingman. He is supplied partly by purchase and partly from the depot here. A force of negroes, under the supervision of General Gonzales, is engaged in obstructing the Coosawliatchie below the landing; and, this being done, the steamer John A. Moore and several fiats, sent troin Charleston, are available for transportation from the railroad to the landing by water. Mr. Gregory is engaged with his negroes in obstruct- ing the Tulifiny. At Coosawhatchie is Colonel Edwards full regiment and Captain Moo