TITLE: The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. / Series 1 - Volume 4 AUTHOR: United States. War Dept., John Sheldon Moody, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, Robert N. Scott, Henry Martyn Lazelle, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph William Kirkley PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1882 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B Title Page Page R001 THE WAR OF THE;\RE~BELLJON: A COMPILATiON OP THE OItPFICIAL IIRECOBDS OF TEE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. PREPARED TINDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR, BY BYT. LIETIT. COL. ROBERT N. SCOTT THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY, AND PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED JUNE 16, 1880. SERIES IVOLUME IV. WASllINGTO~{: GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE. 1882 Page R002 A Page R003 PREFACE. By an act approved June 23, 1874, Congress made an appropriation to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confed- erate Armies, and directed him to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order. Appropriations for continuing such preparation have been made from time to time, and the act approved June 16, 1880, has provided for the printing and binding, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a compilation of the Official Records (Union and Con- federate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year; and that of said number, 7,000 copies shall be for the nse of the House of 1~epresentatives, 2,000 copies for the nse of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Ex~ecutive Departments.~~ This compilation will be the first general publication of the military records of the war, and will embrace all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value. The publication will present the records in the following order of arrangement: The 1st Series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Con- federate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all military operations in the field, with the correspond- ence; orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas. In this series the reports will be arrangedaccording to the campaigns and several theaters of operations (in the chronological ord~r of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be imme- diately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, & c., not embraced in the reports proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order. The 2d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and retnrns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners Page R004 IV PREFACE. The 3d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate officials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of W~ir, of the General-in-Chief, and of the chiefs ot the sevei~al staff corps and departments; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State authorities. The 4th Series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and Confederate authorities given in that series. ROBERT N. SCOTT, Major, Third Art., and Bvt. Lieut. Gol. WAR DEPARTMENT, August 23, 1880. Approved; ALEX. RAMSEY, & cretary of War Table of Contents Page R005 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XI. Page. Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. June 11, 1861February 1, 1862 1174 CHAPTER XII. Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1November 19, 1861..~ 175565 CHAPTER XIII. Operations in North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. August 1, 1861 January 11, 1862 566721 Special Index Page R006 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME I. CHAPTER 1 Page. Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. December 20, 1860April 14, 1861 1317 CHAPTER H. The secession of Georgia. January 326, 1861 318325 CHAPTER HI. The secession of Alabama and Mississippi January 420, 1861 326330 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31, 1861 331473 ChAPTER V Page. The secession of 1~orth Carolina. Jan- uary 9May 20, 1861 . 474-488 CHAPTER VI. The secessfon of Louisiana. January 10 February 19, 1861... 489501 CHAPTER Vfi. Operations in Texas and New Mexico. February 1June 11, 1861 502636 CHAPTER VIII. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. February 7May 9, 1861 637691 VOLUME II. CHAPTER IX. Page. Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. April 16-July 31, 1861... 11012 VOLUME IlL CHAPTER X. Page. Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10November 19, 1861... 1749 VIVOL IV Page 1 CHAPTER XI. OPERATIONS IN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, AND ARIZONA. June 11, 1861February 1, 1862. SUMMAIRY O~ TiIiE PIRINCIPAL EVENTS. June 11, 1861 .Col. B. R. S. Canby, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, placed in gen- eral charge of affairs in the Department of New Mexico. ~ July 3, 1861. New Mexico embraced in the Western Department. t Fort MeLane, N. Mex., abandoned. 8, 1861 .Brig. Gen. Henry H. Sibley, C. S. Army, ordered to Texas to expel Union forces from New Mexico. 10, 1861.Fort Breckinridge, N. Mex., abandoned. 23, 1861 Fort Buchanan, N. Mex., abandoned. 25, 1861.Skirmish at Mesilla, N. Mex. 26, 1861.Fort Fillmore, N. Mex., abandoned. 27, 1861.Surrender of Union forces at San Augustine Springs, N. Mex. Aug. 2, 1861.Fort Stanton, N. Mex., abandoned. 14, 1861.Brig. Gen. Earl Van Dorn relieved from, and Brig. Gem Paul 0. Hdbert assigned to, command of Confederate forces in Texas. 23, 1861.Skirmish near Fort Craig, N. Mex. 25Sept. 8, l86l.Operations against Indians about Fort Stanton, N. Mcx. , 1861.Skirmish with Indians near Fort Bliss, Tex. Sept. 4, 1861.Brig. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, C. S. Army, transfers commaud of the Department of Texas to Col. H. E. MeCulloch, First Texas Rifles. 18, 1861.Brig. Gen. Paul 0. H6bert, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of Texas. 25, 1831.Skirmish at Caflada Alamosa, N. Mex. 26, 1861.Skirmish near Fort Thorn, N. Mex. 30Oct. 7, lS6l.Operations against Indians from Camp Robledo, N. Jon. Oct. 1116, lSGl.Operations against Indians from Fort Inge, Tex. Nov. 1, 1861.Skirmish with Indians on the Peosi River, Tex. 8, 1861.Capture of the Royal Yacht in Bolivar Channel, Texas. 9, 1861.The Department of New Mexico re-established under Colonel Canby, U. S. Army. t Dcc. 14, 1861.Brig. Gen. H. H. Sibley, C. S. Army, assumes command of the forces on the Upper Rio Grande and in New Mexico and Arizona. See Vol. I of this series, p. 606. t See order constituting that department, General Fr6monts order assnming com- mand, and order re-establishing, in Vol. III of this series, pp. 390, 406, 567. 1 H RYOL I Page 2 2 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL JULY 2527, 1861.Skirmish at ~Tesilla, evacuation of Fort Fillmore, and surrender of Union troops at San Augustine Springs, N. l~Iex. REPOI~TS, ETC. No. 1.Col. E. R. S. Canby, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, with orders. No. 2.Maj. Isaac Lynde, Seventh U. S. Infantry, commanding captured forces. No. 3.Capt. Alfred Gibbs, Third U. S. Cavalry, with application for court of inquiry. No. 4.Asst. Surg. J. Cooper McKee, U. S. Army, with statement. No. 5. Statement of Capt. C. H. McNally, Third U. S. Cavalry. No. (3.Recapitulation of troops surrendered. No. 7.U. S. Secretary of War to House of Represeiitatives. No. 8.Licat. Col. John R. Baylor, C. S. Army, and including subsequent operations. No. 1. Reports of Got. iE. R. S. Ganby, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry,* with orders. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa IY, N. Mex., August 4, 1861. Sin: II have the honor to inclose a copy of a report from Major Lynde, Seventh Infantry, commanding at Fort Fillmore. This report is in all respects unsatisfactory, and subsequent rumors, not yet confirmed, give a still more nnfavorable complexion to the state of affairs in the South. These rumors, although so circumstantial as to give them an air of probability, seem incredible. If true, Major Lyndes abandon- ment of his position and trusts exposes the coimnand from Arizona and the posts of Forts Stanton and Craig to great danger, if attacked by a superior force. The commanders of these posts are confident of their ability to hold their positions. The regular troops at both posts are ufl(ier orders to withdraw as soon as the troops from the South have l)assed np. I have coufidence in the commanders of both posts and of the four companies (Captain Moore, First Dragoons) now on the march from Arizona. At my instance the governor of the Territory will call out the militia of the Territory and will furnish an additional force of mounted volun. teers. I hope soon to be able to restore the Territory to its normal condition. This news has roused the people of New Mexico from their apathetic condition, and I have now no doubt that the organization of an efficient home guard and the completion of the volunteer troops that have been called for will be speedily effected. No official reports of events subsequent to the 26th inst. have been re- ceived, but I hope to obtain authentic information before mail leaves. X~ery respectfnily, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANI3Y Major, Tenth Infantry, and Bvt. Lient. Got., Gomdg. Dept. To the ASSIsTANT ADJUTANT-GENEnAL, Headquarters of the Army, lVashington, D. C. SANTA F~, N. MEx., August 11, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to transmit copies of two reports, the first from Major Lynde, Seventh Infantry, late commander of Fort Fillmore and * Sec also Canby to Assisfi nt Adjutant-General Western Department, August 10, in Correspondence, etc., p. 63 Page 3 Czar. ELI SUflflDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEl. 8 the Southern District, and the second from Captain Gibbs, Mounted Rifles, and bommander of the mounted force of the immediate command of Major Lynde at the time of his surrender. These reports embody substantially all the information that has yet reached me in relation to this disaster. As Major Lyndes conduct will be made the subject of judicial investigation, I do not think it proper to express an opinion in advance of that investigation. I have no later information from Captain Moores command. He will have however, about 800 men, and is fully prepared to defend himself; and is no doubt warned of recent events by the couriers that have been sect to him from Port Craig and Fort Fillmore. Fort Craig is in a position to resist attack, except by a very consider- able force provided with artillery. The present garrison is three com- panies of regulars ad two of volunteers. It will be re-enforced in two or three days by six companies, four of regulars and two of volunteers. Lieutenant~Colonel Roberts, Mounted Rifles, is in command of the troops in that quarter. Fort Stanton has been abandoned, and its garrison reached Albu- querque on the 8th ad 9th instant. The intrenchments at Fort Umon are now so nearly completed that itoannowbedefendedagadnstaverylargeforc& Itisbetterpro. vided with artillery than any other post, bat there is not in the whole department sufficient for ~ single post of the size and importance of this post. The greatest exertions mbeing used to organize a respectable volun- teer force, but the progress does not meet my expectations. Seventeen companies have been mustered in. Two companies expected in a few days from Colorado Territory and several companies of mounted volunteers are promised lq the enA of this week. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. & S. CANBY Colonel YIssetnath Iiif.atrg, Cosmwsd(sq.4 To the ASSISTAxT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Heo4qwtea of. the Any, Waeh4ngt6n, D. C. GnAL OuDne, HDQUB. DumnnTnn or Saw Itnxxcto, Ho. 81. 1 & nta 245. if..., & ngu$ 27, 1861. The colonel commanding the department has learaed.with great grat- ification that certain reports and statements with regard to the troops included in the surrender of San Augustine Springs are unfoupded and slanderous, and that, notwithstanding the diZioulties in which they were involved and the seductions with which they were assailed, they have proved themselves, with a few dishonorable exceptions, loyal and. faithful soldiers of the Union. He sympathizes with them in their misfortune, and trusts that they will bear it with patience and look forward with hope to the period when it will be removed, and San Augustine be remembered only as a watehword and an incentive to renewed exertions .foi~ the honor of their~ country and its flag. By order of CoL B. B. S. Canby: A. L A1WERSOI%. Second IAeu4,J~tA IVantry, Acig, Ant. 44$.. Gen Page 4 4 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. No. 2. Reports of Maj. I8ctctc Lynde, Secenth U. S. Infantry, corninctnding cap tured forces. IIDQRS. SOUTHERN DISTRICT NEW MEXICO, Fort Fillmore, N. lIJiex., July 26, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the night of the 24th instant a deserter from the Texas troops was brought in by our picket, and lie informed me that a large body of mounted men, between 300 and 400, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Baylor, Texas troops, were mov- ing up the river, and that he left them at Willow Bar, about 12 miles below the post. Presuming their object to be an attack on the post, I immediately ordered in the two companies of the Seventh Infantry from Sail Tomas, and kept the garrison under arms uiitil after daylight, when mounted parties were sent out to reconnoiter. In the mean time the enemy passed up the opposite side of the river through the town of San Toinas, where they captured 7 men of my command left behind by the battalion of the Seventh Infantry in the hurry of departure. After extracting from them what information they could in reference to the probable time of the arrival of the troops of Forts Breckinridge and Buchanan, they were released, and joined the post. All property, pub- lic and private, belonging to the command was seized and carried off or destroyed. About 4.30 oclock p. m. yesterday I moved in the direction of the town of Mesilla, where the Texas troops then were, with six companies of the Seventh Infantry, one acting as artillery, with the howitzer bat- tery of the post and two companies of rifles. One company of infantry, with the band and convalescents, were left to garrison the post, under Lieutenants Stivers and Ryan, Seventh Infantry. Dr. Alden also re- mained behind. My command numbered about 380 men. About ~ miles from Mesilla I sent Lieutenant Brooks, Seventh Infant- ry, A. A. A. G., forward with a white flag to demand the surrender of the town. He was met by Major Waller and Colonel Herbert on the part of the Texans, who replied that if I wanted the town I must come and take it. 1 moved the battery forward, and fired two shells at long range, but they burst in the air short of the object. The command continued to advance slowly towards the outskirts of the town, while the battery, which had to be moved by hand, was working through the heavy sand. From a corn field and house on the right we received a heavy fire of musketry, wounding 2 officers and 4 men arid killing 3 men. As night was coming on, and the fields and houses on both sides of the road were filled with men, and the howitzers useless, except as a field battery, owing to the difficulty of moving through the saud, I decided to withdraw my force ~nd return to my post. The march back was uninterrupted, and to-day I am fortifying with sand bags, & c., in anticipation of an attack. I have sent an express to Captain Gibbs, directing him to return to Fort Craig with his command, as lie cannot join this post now. They have possession of the road above. Orders will be sent, if possible, to the commanders of the troops from Forts Breckinridge and Buchanan to take the nearest route to Fort Craig from a point where the orders reach them. A re-enforcement of 100 men joined the Texans from Fort Bliss last night. Their force at present, ~with the addition of the citizens of Mesilla, is nearly 700 men. I am hourly expecting an attack. Th Page 5 CHAP. XI.] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 5 loss of the enemy is reported 11 killed and wounded. Part of their horses were stampeded by one of our shells. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. LYNDE, Major, Seventh Infantry, Commanding. To the ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GI~NERAL, lead quarters Dept New illexico, Santa F5, N. Mex. FORT CRAIG, N. MEX., August 6,1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that I arrived at this post to-day with three companies of the regiment Mounted IRifies on parole. I shall send my official report as soon as I can complete it, which I have not yet been able to do. The express is waiting, and I have not time to write more. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, I. LYNDE, Major, Seventh Ii~fantry. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Dept New Mexico, Santa h5, N. Mex. FORT CRAIG, N. MEX., August 7, 1861. SIR: On the 26th of July 1 had the honor to report the fact of an un- successful attempt to dislodge the Texan troops from the town of Mesilla, since which events of the greatest consequence to my command have occurred. They are now prisoners of war. On that day I had reliable information that the enemy would in the course of the night receive a battery of artillery, and if I moved to in- tercept it with a sufficient force for the purpose they were ready to at- tack the fort in my absence, and, as I have previously reported, the fort is indefensible agaiu~t artillery, being perfectly commanded by sand hills for at least half the circle, and the only supply of water at the distance of one and a half miles. Other officers, with myself, became convinced that we must eventually be compelled to surrender if we remained in the fort, and that our only hope of saving the command from capture was in reaching some other military post. I therefore ordered the fort to be evacuated, and such public property as could not be transported with the limited means at the post to be destroyed as far as time would allow, and at 1 oclock a. m. on the 27th of July I took up time line of march for Fort Stanton, which was believed to be the most practicable point to reach, and was reported to be threatened by the enemy. I had no personal knowledge of the road, but it was reported to inc that the first days march would be 2() miles to Saint Augustine Springs, where there would be abundance of water for all the command. Until daylight the co~nmuand advanced without (lifficulty, but when the sun arose the day became intensely hot, and soon after the men and teams beg-an to show signs of flit igue, and I found that the distance was greater than had been represented. About 6 miles before reaching the Springs commences a short ascent to a pass in the Organ Mountaimv and here the men amid teams suffered severely with the intense heat and want of water, many men falling and unable to proceed. Up to this time there was no indication of f)ursilit. I now determined to push forward with the mounted force to the Springs, and return wit Page 6 6 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. tduxr. XL water for the suffering men in the rear. When I had nearly reached the Springs word was brought me that a mounted force was approaching in onr rear; but it was believed to be Captain Gibbs, IR. iXI. It, with his command, and soon after that supposition was confirmed by another express. On reaching the Springs I found the supply of water so small as to be insufficient for my command. After procuring all the water that could be transported by the men with me I started back to the main body. After riding some distance I became so much exhausted that I could not sit upon my horse, and the command proceeded with- out me, under the command of Lieutenant Cressey, I{. M. IL, and I vetnrned to the Springs. Soon after it was reported to me that a part of the teams had given out and could not be brought up, and that large numbers of the infantry had become totally overpowere(l with the intense heat. At this time an express from Captain Gibbs reported that eight companies of mounted men, supported by artillery and a large force of infantry, were approaching our rear guard. I had the Call to arms sounded, and found that I could not bring more than 100 men of the imifantry battalion on parade. Captain Gibbs, with a umounted force, now rode into camp, and stated to me that eight companies of umounted Texaims (supported bya regiment of infantry, more orless) were approach ing; that they had driven in or captured our rear guard (composed of three companies of infantry) and the men that had given out in the rear. Three of the four mountain howitzers that we had with us were with the wagons in the rear and were captured. They were guarded by one company of infantry acting as artillery. Captain Giblzs also reported that his company, men and horses, had been without water for twenty- four hours. Under the circumstances I considered our case hopeless; that it was worse than useless to resist; that honor did not demand the sacrifice of blood after the terrible sufi~ring that our troops had already under- gone, an(l when that sacrifice would be totally useless. A body of mounted Texans followed Captain Gibbs to the vicinity of the camp, when a parley was held, and I surrendered my command to Lieutenant- Colonel Baylor, of the C. S. Army. The strength of my command at the time of surrender was, Mounted Rifles, 95 rank and file and 2 officers. The infantry I have not the means of stating the exact number, but there were seven companies of time Seventh Infantry, with S officers, present. Since I have been at Fort Fillmore my position has been of extreme emnbarrassment. Surrounded by open or secret enemies, no reliable information could be obtained, and disaffection prevailing even in my own comumnand, to what extent it was impossible to ascertain, but much imicreased, undoubtedly, by the conduct of officers who left their post without authority. My position has been one of great difficulty, and has ended in the misfortune of surrendering my command to the enemny. The Texan troops acted with great kindness to our men, exerting themselves in carrying water to the famishing ones in the rear; yet it was two days before time infantry could move from the camup, and then only by the assistance of their cap- tors. The officers and men who chose to give their parole were i~eleas~d at Las Cruces, N. Mex. Inclosed is a copy of the termns of surrender. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. LYNDE, ]IIc(jor, Seventh Jin~fttntry. The ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Department of New Mexieo, Santa P6 Page 7 7 CHAP. XL] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. [Inclosure.] Terms of surrender of U. S. troops to C. S. troops, July 27, 1861, San Augustine Springs, N. Mi~x. The undersigned, Maj. I. Lynde, Seventh Infantry, U. S. Army, agrees to surrender his command on conditions that they receive the treatment of prisoners of war, families secure from insult, private property to be respected. Officers, after giving their parole, can elect which route they prefer in leaving the Department of New Mexico to go to any part of the United States. The enlisted men of the command will be disarmed, and given the liberty of the post of Fort Bliss until instructions can be received from General Van Dorn, C. S. Army, as to their future disposition. To all which the commanding officer, J. R. Baylor, lieutenant-colonel, C. S. Army, agrees. I. LYNDE, Major, Seventh Infantry. JOHN Th BAYLOR, Lient. Col., Mounted Rifles, C. S. Army. No. 3. Reports of Captain Alfred Gibbs, Third U. S. Cavalry. FORT CRAIG, August 6, 1861. COLONEL: In obedience to orders No. , of July 15, from your head- quarters, I left Albuquerque on the 18th ultimo, and arrived here on the 22d. I started the next day with 100 head of beef cattle for Fort Fillmore, and arrived at the Point of Rocks, 27 miles from the Rio Grande on the 26th ultimo. I here met Lieutenant Lane, with Company A, Mounted Riffes, and Dr. Steck, Indian agent, who informed inc that the Texans were in force at La Mesilla, and would prevent my junction with Major Lynde. I hired a guide, and, turning oft the road, proceeded that night to pass behind Las Cruces and Doha Aila, hoping to get into Fort Fillmore in rear, and thus to avoid capture. On arriving at San Augustine Springs, or rather the Pass of La Cueva, 5 miles this side, 1 found Major Lyndes command in full retreat for Fort Stanton. I re- ported myself with 35 men of Company I and 10 of Company G, Mounted Riflesthe last the escort to the mail I met upon the road, and which I ordered to join meto Lieutenant Brooks, Major Lyndes adjutant, and with him proceeded 5 miles to the front, to report myself to Major Lynde, as directed in your instructions. I also reported to the major that I had seen a force of Texans approaching, and that II thought they would molest our rear. Major Lynde asked what force I had, and I replied 70 men, all told. He said that there were two companies of infantry on rear guard in addition, and that would be sufficient. He then turned back and returned to San Augustine Springs. It will be well here to mention that the infantry had been marched up to noon 20 miles without water, and that nuder the bushes by the side of the road over 150 men were lying, unable to rise or to carry their muskets, and useless and disorganized in every way. This was the rear guard on which I was ordered to rely. Major Lynde had not seen i Page 8 8 OPERATIONS IN TEN., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [ChAr. XI. for several hours. On arriving at the mouth of the cailon I assumed command of the cavalry force, consisting of Companies F, B ,and i,aud a part of 0-, Mounted Rifles70 men strong. The Texans, nnder C6lo- nel Baylor and Major Waller, and about 320 strong (all cavalry), with some dismounted men, and what seemed to be a couple of pieces of artil- lery, at this time debouched from behind the point of the hill below inc to the left, and captured the beef cattle and my two wagons. I deploye(l 50 men as skirmishers, with 20 men as a reserve; but finding that I was entirely outflanked, I formed column of sections and prepared to charge with drawn pistols. Before doing this I sent back word to Major Lynde, by an intelligent man, the exact state of affairs. He bronoh wagons, if possible, and then to fall backs t back word to protect the on the main camp. As most of the men had thrown away their muskets and gone to the front, I retreated slowly and in good. order, forming in line three times, and keep- ing the Texans in check by causing them also to form line. On arrixr~ ing at the crest of the Pass I galloped into camp and reported myself to Major L& nde as ready for action, and asked where I should take posi- tion. Part of the infantry companies were already formed and men were rapidly falling into ranks. Major Lynde told me to dismount and water my men and horses. As we had been twenty-fonr hours without water I did so, and was ready in fifteen minutes for duty. The Texans then began to form on the plateau a quarter of a mile in our rear, and I saw Lieutenant Brooks ride out towar(ls them. Major Lynde at this time sent me word that I could leave for Fort Stanton, but before I could get a sack of flour and a side of bacon as rations ~br my men Colonel Baylor had arrived, the surrender had been agreed upon by Major Lynde and himself without consulting a single oflicer, and I was ordered by Major Lynde not to attempt to escape. Upon be- ing informed of the surrender, ev cry officer in the command protested against it; but it was of no avail, and the command of seven companies of the Seventh U. S. infantry and three companies of Rifles were vol- untarily surrendered without striking a blow. After great suffering for want of water we were marched to Las Cruces, when our horses, arms, transportation, & c., were turned over to the Texans. We left Las Cruces on the 2d instant and arrived here this morning. The Seventh Infantry were to leave on the 3d, and will probably bc here to-morrow. I respectfully state that charges against Major Lynde, under the fifty-second and ninety-ninth Articles of War, have been preferred, and are now in the hands of Captain Potter, comnianding Seventh Regiment. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALFRED GIBBS, Gaptain, U. S. Thfles, Corndg. Squadron. Col. E. R. S. CANBY, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, (Jomclg. Dept New Mexico, Through Capt. 1?. 111. Morris, (Jomdg. Fort Craig, N. iJiex. FORT UNION, N. MEX., Augu8t 29, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report my arrival at this post on yesterday with three paroled officers and the detachment of Mounted Rifles in- chided in the surrender of the 27th ultimo. 1 have the honor to ac- knowledge the receipt of your communications of the 23d, 24th, an Page 9 ChAP. XI.] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 9 25th instant, and in reply beg to state that II herewith inclose a list of the men and officers included in the surrender, as requested by you, by name, with explanatory relnarks.* The number of horses and mules surrendered by me was 100 horses and 2 mules. Iii addition, 8 horses were stolen. The number of sets of arms and equipments corresponds with the number of men. In the order directing the paroled men of the Rifles to march into the States, dated the 25th instant, no mention is made of the disposition to be made of the four officers with them or the paroled men of Companies I and G included in the surrender, and now here under my command. I should like to be informed of this at once, and if they are to be em- bodied in Company F. There will then be three first sergeants with the command. How are they to be disposed of ~ With regard to the books, records, and property peitaining to Company I, Mounted miles, a part was kept in Albuquerque, to be forwarded by Captain MeFerran to the ordnance officer here a part is now here in daily use by the whole com- mand, and the balance will be sent, as directed in your letter, to Santa F~ by the first opportunity. I shall be compelled, however, to retain the tents, as the depot here is entirely stripped of them. As soon as the muster rolls are completed, Private Marius, of Company I, not paroled, will be sent to Santa F6 to report, as (lirected. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALFRED GIBBS, Captain, Rifles, Commanding Squadron. Lient. A. L. ANDERSON, A.A. A. U., liEd qrs. Dept New lifexieo, Santa P6, Through Commanding Officer Fort Union. JEFFERSON BARRACKS, Mo., November 7, 1861. Sin: I have the honor to request that a court of inquiry may be or- dered, to convene at this place as soon as possible, to iu quire into and report npon the facts and circumstances connected with and bearing upon the surrender of Major Lyndes command at San Augustine Springs, N. Mex., July 27, 1861, more particularly as relates to my con- nection therewith as commanding the mounted force of that command. This request is made in the name of all the officers connected with my command. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant ALFRED GIBBS, Captain, Third Cavalry, Commanding Squadron. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, head quarters of the Army, Washington, D. C. Statement of Captain Gibbs. Captain Gibbs was relieved from duty as commissary, depot at Albu- querqne, July 15. Received an order, July 17, to take Company I, Monuted Rifles, and escort 100 head beef cattle from Fort Craig to Fort Fillmore, and report to Major Lynde for duty. Left Albuquerque on the 18th. Reached Fort Craig on 22d. Started with the cattle and * List of names omitted. The number of officers and men of the United States Moanted Rifles was 100 Page 10 10 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. Company I, 35 men, mounted. On the night of the 23d reached Point of Rocks, 80 miles, without water. On the morning of the 26th met Captain Lane, Mounted Rifles, from Fort Fillmore, with a train of hf teen wagons, commissary stores, who asked me to stay by him that day, as [he was] afraid of being attacked by the Confederate forces. He advised me not to go to Fort Fillmore, as I was certain to be cut off by their troops. Staid by him all that day. Started at sunset, and turned off the road to the left to avoid the rebels. Made for San Au. gustine Springs, 45 miles, without water, intending to come in behind Fort Fillmore, and thus avoid the enemy and carry out my instructions. At noon on the 27th, when within 5 miles of the Springs, met Major Lyndes command, which had abandQned Fort Fillmore the night be- fore. Rode forward and reported to Major Lyndes adjutant, Lieutenant Brooks, who told me that Major Lynde was encamped 5 miles in ad- vance, at the Springs. Rode forward with the adjutant, and sent on an express that a party of the enemy were approaching from the rear. Came up to Major Lynde a quarter of a mile this side of the Springs with Lieutenant Cressey, returning to the rear with 40 men of the Mounted Rifles. Reported to Major Lynde and asked for orders. lie told me that there were two companies of the Seventh Infantry in rear guard, and that they, with the Rifles, would protect the rear. Filled my canteen at the Springs; rejoined Major Lynde about 2 miles from it, returning to the front without his escort, which had gone to the rear. He told me to protect the rear with the infantry rear guard and the mounted force as long as I saw fit, and then to return to the camp at the Springs. Re- joined the mounted force, then consisting of 70 men, and formed at the foot of the hill in front of the enemy. I found that the infantry rear guard was completely broken down by their long march and want of water; that I had nothing but the mounted force to rely upon. Four of Major Lyndes baggage wagons, filled with stores, and women and chil- dren, completely blocked up the road. I iequested Lieutenant Brooks to try to get a couple of the 12-pounder mountain howitzers that were fastened behiiid these wagons, and gave him men from my command for that purpose. It was found that the ammunition for these pieces was not in the wagons to which the pieces were fastened, and the effort failed. Finding that my force of 70 men, armed with rifles and pistols only, was opposed to the enemys force of 300 men, similarly armed, with the addition of sabers, [which] was rap- idly approaching, and the ground was favorable only for a single charge, I sent another messenger to Major Lynde, telling him of the enemys near approach and their strength. In order to gain time, I kept deploying into line, and by rapid formations gaining ground by our superior drill, to allow the main force in camp in front to form before I reached them. I then rode rapidly to the front, and reported to Major Lynde with my command that the enemy were about 2 miles in the rear and rapidly ad- vancing. I asked him where I should take up my position. He told me that I might water my command and horses. Time, 20 hours without water. The Springs being made, while I was doing so Major Lynde sent me an order not to move. While watering, Major Lynde sent me word that I could leave for Fort Stanton if I chose. Before I could mount I re- ceived another order not to move from camp. I went towards him, dis- tance about 100 yards, and saw him in conversation with two mounted officers, whom I did not know. The enemy at that time were in line of battle about a quarter of a mile to the rear. I heard Major Lynde say, I agree to these terms, and I called to some of the officers to come up. When we came up, all the officers being present, I think, Majo Page 11 11 CHAP. XI.] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. Lynde said: Colonel Baylor, to avoid bloodshed, I conditionally sur- render this whole force to you, on condition that officers and their fami- lies shall be protected front insult and private property be respected. Nearly every officer protested earnestly, and even violently, against this base surrender- but Major Lynde said: I am commander of these forces, and I take upon my shoulders the responsibility of my action in the ~ The altercation by Major Lyndes subordinates became so violent that Colonel Baylor asked who was command~er of that force and responsible for their action, when Major Lynde again repeated as above. The adjutant then read aloud, by Major Lyud& s order, the terms of the surrender as made by him, when I insisted that the officers and men should be allowed to select any route they might choose in leaving the country, and this was readily granted. We remained where we were during the night, suffering greatly for want of water. The next day we marched to Las Cruces, on the ho Grande, 20 miles distant. The following day (the 29th) all the public property in our charge was turned over to the rebel forces. On the 1st of August the oath was administered to all the men and officers. No. 4. Report and statement of Asst. & trg. J. Cooper ]lIeKee, U. S. Army. ALBUQUERQUE, N. MEx., August 16, 1861. SIR: I hereby inclose, through you, to the hojiorable Secretary of War, my parole of honor, given at Las Cruces, N. Mex., to the com- manding officer of the Texas troops, after the base surrender of our forces by Major Lynde, of the Seventh U. S. Infantry (on the 27th July, ist;l). I also inclose a copy of an order to destroy my property. I made the destruction as complete as possible without the aid of fire. This I was forbidden to use. am unable to make out any return of my property, as in the confusion my retained copy of last years return was lost. I will be under the necessity of waiting until my arrival in Washington. I also report that my hospital steward, Charles E. Fitzwilliains, chose to remain with the Texans as a prisoner of war. All paroled troops, officers and men, are ordered to Fort Union, preparatory to leaving for Fort Leavenworth, Kans. I would be under deep obligations to the Surgeon-General if he would have me exchanged immediately, as I am anxious to be again in active service. 1 am unable to express to you the deep grief, mortification, and pain I, with the other officers, have endured from this cowardly surrender of a brave and true command to an inferior force of the enemy, without having one word to say or firing a single shot. I, among other officers, entered my solemn protest against the surrender, but we were per- emptorily told by Major Lynde that he was the commanding officer. To see old soldiers and strong men weep like children, men who had faced the battles storm in the Mexican war, is a sight that 1 hope I may never again be present at. A braver or truer command could not be found than that which has in this case been made the victim of coward- ice and imbecility. The number of women in this command should receive the rigid scrutiny of the War Department, as five officers had their wives an Page 12 12 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL children at this post (Fort Fillmore, N. Mex.). The camp women and children I will not pretend to enumerate. Yet all these were kept in the garrison to paralyze us when in presence of the enemy, seemingly preparing for the resulta surrender. Major Lynde was warned of this repeatedly, bat was too weak to act. This has been one of the causes why I and others are now prisoners of war. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. COOP 1~I1 MCKEE, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army. To the SURc~EON-GENERAL, U. S. A., Washington, D. C. Statement of Asst. Surg. J. C. McKee, U. S. Army. Dr. McKee agrees with McNally [No. 5] 50 far as his deposition. He adds to this that if Lynde had laid down [i?] in and given the word for- ward they would have taken the town. Before going into town asked Major Lynde if he could take a house for his wounded. He said certainlyto take the first. Went forward with Lieutenant Brooks, who requested him to go with a flag of truce, and Brooks demanded an unconditional surrender (this before the fight). Major Wallers reply was, after riding back and seeing his colonel (Bay- lor), to come and take it. Lynde then ordered his forces forward, cav- alry in front and artillery in the road. Ordered the battery to fire into a group on the right and scattered them. The men cheered with enthu- siasm. Advanced, throwing infantry to right and left in line of battle- cav- alry in front and artillery in road advancing through a corn field towards the town. After advancing towards town the enemy were concealed in two corn fields; no scouts out. The firing commenced by the enemy. One of the Rifles killed (Private Lane) and other casualties. Lieutenant McNally dangerously wounded. Two men were killed of Lieutenant Crillys command in charge of bat- tery. The fire wiis so hot on the battery that Crilly ordered his men to lie down. After this Major Lynde rode up and told Dr. McKee that he wanted him to prepare his wounded for retreat. Dr. McKee asked him, Retreat where, sir ~ He said to Fort Fillmore. Got out his stretcher and carried his wounded in. Arrived about 10 p. in. That night he passed in attending to his wounded. Next morning no orders; all comi- fusion; no one knew what was going on. Captain Potter came, and said he was going to put up a howitzer on Dr. McKees kitchen. It was taken down in the morning. About 2 p. m. the adjutant (Mr. Brooks) gave the doctor an order to destroy his public property. lie refused to obey orders. It was a written order which Brooks gave. An or(ier was issued bout 3 p. in. to retreat at 10 p. in., or thereabouts. Turned to and destroyed all my property. Asked Major Lyndes permission to apply fire, and was forbid. Did not. however, get off until 2 a. m. Were ordered to march to San Augustine Springs, 25 miles. Marched the greater part of the men on foot. 0mm getting within 6 or 7 miles of the Springs the Texans were reported in the rear. Ascending to the summit of the pass, asked Dr. Alden, of the Army, Shall we go forward and try and bring back Major Lynde because the Texans are in our rear, or shall we stay back with our wounded and be taken prisoners0? On consultation, we concluded to go forward and tell Major Lynde, and try an(l get him back and pro- tect his command. There was then but one company in the rear. Con- cluded to go after him Page 13 CHAP. XI.] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 113 Drove after Lynde 6 miles in a buggy with two horses on a full ruu. He was then 5 or 6 miles ahead of his whole command, with a com- pany of Mounted Rifles under Mr. Cress~y. Reported to him the Texans on our rear. He grinned in an imbecile way and said, Ah, indeed! and ordered the troops back. Drove back after him. Then I heard that Captain Gibbs was coming with a company of cavalry. Mc~ ally and his ambulance came np at this time. Order was then given to move into camp. (Lynde was at the Springs when McKee came uP, and went back on a slow walkthe ddest kind of a slow walk.) Went back to camp, Captain Gibbs protecting the rear. He came up on our left, and but for him every man would have been taken before we reached camp. After getting into camp at San Augustine Springs, asked McNally and the sergeant (wounded) what they wantedif he should hang out a hospital flag to protect him, thinking there was to be a fight. They both requested him to put out a flag, which he did on his buggy. Just after that Captain Potter came to the medical camp and said, Its no use; we are all surrendered; that dd old scoundrel has sur- rendered us! I am going up to protest against it. Wholl go along? I said, Ill go. McNally, with his bloody shirt on, said he would go with Dr. McKee and Lieutenant Ryan (he thinks). Dr. Alden and the offi- cers around said they would go too. Went up together, and found Lieutenant B.rooks writing out the terms of a surrender. Major Lynde was present, and Colonel Baylor, Texan forces, and Major Waller, sec- ond in command of Texans, and the Texan forces were brought up on horseback 309 yards in the rear, about 300 strong. They had no artil- lery. As we approached, Major Lynde said to Colonel Baylor, To pre- vent the effusion of blood, and on condition that private property shall be respected, I surrender the whole of this command unconditionaily.~~ Dr. McKee stepped in front of him and said, Major Lynde, I protest against this surrender. The adjutant (Mr. Brooks), not minding this protest which came from the officers, at the same moment was writing the terms on his knee, looked up in the majors face and asked him what next he said. No. 5. Statement of Capt. C. if. ilfeNally, Third U. S. Cavalry. Fort Fillmore, 45 miles from El Paso, 6 miles opposite Mesilla; Las Cruces 8 miles above, on same side; Dofia A fia 6 miles above Las Cm- ces, same side. I consider 300 men could hold against 3,000. Major Lynde arrived at Fort Fillmore and took command last of Junethree companies of Seventh Infantry, and he brought four; also Lanes company of Rifles, 42 men. McNally came down with 32 and Cressey with 25; McNallys and Cresseys alone mounted. McNally and Dr. McKee insisted upon Lyndes sending away the women and children, 103 in number, from the fort. He had an oppor- tunity of sending them away, but refused. After this they insisted upon his occupying Mesilla. He declined doing so, because he said it would bring on a collision between him and the rebel forces. They also in- sisted upon his taking possession of Dofia Afia, a point he could hold against any number of men; then to send all his provisions, & c., to the rear, where they could fall back and hold them. These measures pro. visional, because Fort Fillmore is surrounded and commanded by hills, in case of accident Page 14 14 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. Twice McNally induced him to give the order to haul down the secession flag in Mesilla; twice he gave the order; twice McNally was saddled up, and twice he rescinded it. The second time his adjutant, Mr. Brooks, (who had previously resigned,) came to McNally and told him that he had prevented his going to Mesilla, as he thought it best not to bring on a collision with the Texans. The first time he would have gone, but he (Brooks) prevented it. The Texans were then at El Paso, 45 miles below. This was from the 4th to 25th July. They were always urging him on. The tiight of July 24 or 25 the Rifle picket, stationed 7 miLes below, brought in a Texan prisoner, who stated that the Texan forces were coming up and within an hours march of the fort. The long roll was beaten and our men fell in promptly. There they ~tood until daylight, except that 25 Rifles went out to call in Potter and Lieutenant Hancock, leaving the San Tomas road open for the Texans, by Major Lyndes orders. At daylight McNally went to Major Lynde, and asked him to let his com- pany of 32 men, and Cres5ey~s of 22 men, go over to Mesilla and see if the Texans were there. He said: Yes mount your command and go, and give me all the information you can collect. I took the command, crossed the Rio Grande, and went over as fast as possible to Mesilla, halted the command, gave it to Mr. Cressey, and rode into the town with three men, first sergeant, corporal, and a private. Gave orders to Cressey, if we wcre not back by a certain time, either to take the towim or send back for re-enforcements, as he saw fit. Rode through the town; found everything quiet; the flag was not flying. Went back and re- ported to Major Lynde no Texans present, and everything appeare(l to be quiet. Then McNally mounted his 32 men; again started out with Dr. McKee to find their trail. Found their camp within 2 miles of Fill- more, about 300 or 400 men, who had left shortly before and crossed the river to Mesilla. Went back and reported to Lynde. They had gone in by the San Tomas road, abandoned by his order the night before. Lynde told him to dismount his men and put his horses in the stable. This was at 9 a. m. on the 25th. At the same time positive word was brought back that the Texans were in the town of Mesilla (by Captain Potter). After that we laid quietly in garrison until 4 p. in., when he moved the whole forward, putting McNally, with 22 men, in front, with the order to go on and feel the way. lie had four 12-pounder mountain howitzers. He first fired two shells at long range. Ordered McNally to form and go ahead. McNally kept ahead until he got within (it) or 70 yards of the Texans. Halted, and reported in person that they were there in the jacals and corn fields. First McNally knew they tired one shot, that cut away his saber; the second struck him. Then fired a volley of about 80 shots. (They confessed to 70 men.) They had no artillery. McNally dismounted, and fired at random. They fired an- other volley. Remounted, not being supported. Sent to Major Lynde, who could not be found, and not being supported by infantry or artil- lery, ordered his men to retreat. In this fire one sergeant and one cor- poral were wounded and one man killed. In retreating, the Seventh Infantry fired into us. I retreated behind the battery, and found the infantry still in the rear. There McNally fainted from loss of blood, and was carried from the field. The last he heard was an order from Major Lynde to retreat. N. B.Before Brown, the prisoner, was brought in, a Mexican came in and reported the Texans in force, and Lynde never sent out a scout. The command reached Fillmore about 10 p. m. on the 25th Page 15 CHAP. XL] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 15 No. 6. Recap itniation of troo s surrendered at San Augustine AS~rings, N. lJJiex., July 27, 1861. Released on parole: 1 major, 2 assistant surgeons, 2 captains, 5 first lieutenants, 1 second lieutenant: total commissioned, 11. 1 sergeant- major, 1 quartermaster-sergeant, 1 principal musician, 23 sergeants, 22 corporals, 7 musicians, 344 privates total enlisted, 399. Aggregate, 410. In eo~finement as prisoners of war: 1 sergeant, 15 privates: total, 16. Deserted to the enemy: 1 hospital steward, 1 sergeant, 24 privates: total, 26. Available for service, not paroled: 2 sergeants, 3 corporals, 35 privates: total, 40. J. II. POTTEII, Captain, Seventh infantry, Commanding. No. 7. U. S. Secretary of War to the house of Representatives. WAR DEPARTMENT, Deeember 12, 1861. Hon. G. A. GROW, Speaker of the House of Representatives: SIR: In answer to the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 4th instant, asking what measures have been, or ought to be, taken to expose and punish such of the officers now on parole as were guilty of treason or cowardice in surrendering Fort Fillmore, in New Mexico, to au inferior force of Texas troops, I have the honor to inclose a report of the Adjutant-General, which, together with a copy of General Orders, No. 102, herewith, furnishes all the information in the possession of the Department. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. [Inc1os~re.l HDQRS. OF THE ARMY, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, December 11, 1861. Sin: I have the honor to acknowledge the reference to this office of a resolution from the honorable the House of Representatives, dated December 4, 1861, asking what measures have been taken, or ought to be ta1~eu,to expose and punish such of the officers now on parole as were guilty of treason or cowardice in the surrender of a force of United States troops, under Maj. isaac Lynde, in New Mexico, in July, 1861, to an inferior force of Texas troops,~~ & c. In compliance with your instructions, I have the honor to report that Major Lynde was, by directio.n of the President of the United States, dropped from the rolls of the Army, November 25, 1861, for the offense alluded to in the resolution. It is believed that no other officer of the command was in any way involved in the suspicion of complicity in the offense, and the commanding officer, Major Lynde, was tho only person on whom the re~pousibility could rest Page 16 16 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. ICHAP. XL The resolution is herewith respectfully returned, together with a copy of General Orders, No. 102. Respectfully submitted. L. THOMAS, Adjutant- (ieneral. The Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR. [Subinclosures.] Co~ctREss OF THE UNITED STATES, In the House of Representatives, December 4, 1861. Mr. Watts submitted the following, which was adopted: Whereas, in July, 1861, at Fort Fillmore, in New Mexico, Maj. Isaac Lynde, U. S. A., abandoned said fort, and shortly after its abandonment surrendered a largely superior force of United States troops under his command to an inferior force of Texas troops, without firing a gun or making any resistance whatever; and whereas it is charged and believed that said surrender was the result of treason or cowardice, or both, in which surrender other officers nuder his command were also concerncd: Therefore Resolved, That the Secretary of War be requested, if not incompatible with the public interest, to report to this House what measures have been or ought to lie taken to expose and punish such of the officers now oa parole as were guilty of treasoa or cowardice ia that surrender, and relicve from suspicion such as were free froni blame. Attest: EM. ETHERIDGE, Clerk. GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, No. 102. Washington, D. C., November 25, 1861. I. Maj. Isaac Lynde., Seventh Infantry, for abandoning his post Fort Fillmore, N. Mex.ou the 27th of July, 1861, and subsequently surrendering his command to an inferior force of insurgents, is, by direc1~on of the President of the United States, dropped from the rolls of the Army from this date. * * * * * * * By command of Major-General McClellan: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. No. S. Reports of Lient. Cot. John R. Baylor, C. S. Army, of skirmish at Me- silla, and surrender of Union troops at San Augustine Springs, and sub- sequent operations. PIcACIIo, MESILLA VALLEY, Arizona, August 3, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that I had an engagement with the U. S. forces, numbering over 500 cavalry and infantry with four pieces of artillery, at Mesilla, on the evening of the 25th of July, in which the enemy were repulsed with a loss of 3 killed and 7 wounded. On the 27th I captured at San Augustine Springs the entire command of the enemy under Major Lynde, consisting of eight companies of in- fantry, three of Mounted Rifles, with four pieces of artillery, together with all their transportation, arms, ammunition, commissary and quar- termasters stores; all of which, with Fort IUillmore, are now in my pos- session Page 17 C:ixp. XI.] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 17 Too much praise cannot be given to the officers and sol(liers under n~y command, and especially to Captain Hardeman and company, who were the only part of the command engaged with the enemy. I have thought proper to release upon parole the entire command of officers and men, as I could not, with less than 301) men, guard over GOt) and meet another force of 240 of the enemy that is looked for daily. I have the honor to be, respectfully, JOHN It. BAYLOP, Licut. Got., Gomdg. Second Regiment Mounted Rifles, C. S. A. HEADQUARTERS, Doiia Afia, Ariz., September 21, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the engage- ment at Mesilla on the 25th of July; the captnre of the United States forces the day after the next succeeding at San Augnstine Springs, in the Organ Mountains, Territory of Arizona, and of my operations in the Territory up to the present time: On assuming command at Fort Bliss I ascertained that the United States forces were concentrating in strong force at Fort Fillmore, and from the proximity of that post I supposed that the o1c~ject of the enemy was to attack the forces under my command at Fort Bliss. I was satis- fied that if I permitted them to concentrate, my command was too weak to maintain my position. 1 therefore determined to attack the enemy in detail, and prevent, if possible, the contemplated concentration. For that purpose 1 sent a detachment, under Major 1,XTaller, to reconnoiter Fort Fillmore and see the position of the enemys pickets, also whether the fort could be approached without discovery. The report of Major Waller satisfied me that I could easily in the night gain a position be- tween the fort and the liver (Rio Grande), and cut off the animals as they went to water; then the enemy would have to attack me in a strong position, thus rendering the protection afforded by the fort of no use. I accordingly took up the line of march in the night of the 23d of July with 258 men, and in the night of the 24th succeeded in taking a position on the river near Fort Fillmore. The surprise of the enemy would have been complete but for the desertion of a private from Capt. T. F. Teds company, who reported to Major Lynde our strength and position. The long-roll was distinctly heard, which apprised us that our approach was known to the enemy. On the morning of the 25th 1 determined to occupy Mesilla, and pre- vent, if possible, the enemy from getting a position there, as it was one that would be easily held, and would enable them to hold the country. I reached Mesilla in the afternoon of the 95th, and was soon informed that the enemy were marching to attack us. I posted my men in posi- tion and awaited the arrival of the enemy. At about 5 oclock I dis- covered their cavalry approaching the town by the main road, and soon alter the inthutry caine in sight, bringing with them three howitzers. They formed within 300 yards, and were, as near as I could tell, about 600 strong. A flag was sent in to demand the unconditional and ira- mediate surrender of the Texas ~ to which I aiiswered that we would fight first, and surrender afterward. The answer was followed by the enemy opening on us with their howitzers. After four or five rounds of grape, canister, lry formed and marched bombs, and the cava up within 250 yards, preparatory to making a charge. Captain Harde- mans company, being in position nearest the enemy, was ordered to 2 R UVOL I Page 18 18 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL open on them with his front rank, to see if they were within range of our guns. The fire was well directed and proved effi2ctive, kuhn g4of the enemy afl(1 wounding 7. The cavalry was thrown into contusion and retreated hastily, running over the infantry. In a few uiiorneuts the enemy were marching back in the direction of their fort but sup- posing it to be a feint, intended to draw me from my position, I did not pursue them, l)ut kept my position until next morning, the 2Gth, ex- pecting that they would attack us under cover of night. The enemy not appearing, I sent my spies to reconnoiter, and dis- cover, if possible, their movements. The spies reported the enemy at work at the fort making breastworks, and evidently prepariiig to defend themselves. Upon hearing this, I sent an express to Fort Bliss, ordering up the artillery to attack the fort on the arrival of my re-enforcements. On the morning of the 27th, a little after daylight, my spies reported a column of dust seen in the direction of the Organ Mountains, distant 15 miles, on the Fort Stanton road. I could from the top of a house with a glass see the movements of the enemy. I immediately ordered the command to saddle and mount, for the purpose of intercepting them at San Augustine Pass. I had reached the river, distant 1 mile, whemi I received intelligence that a messenger had arrived from the fort, and stated that the enemy had fired the buildings; that it had been extin- guished, and that but little had been destroyed. I at once ordered Ma- jor Waller to take a detachment of men and go to the fort, and save, if possible, the property therein, and to leave men enough to guard the post, and then overtake me as soon as possible. On reaching the foot of the mountain, distant about 15 miles, I could see the rear of the enemy, com- posed chiefly of famished stragglers, endeavoring to make their way to water. I disarmed and collected a number of them, and finding most of them dying of thirst, we gave them the water we had, and were corn- pelled ourselves to go to a spring in the mountain for water. Lieuten- ant Baylor and Mr. Barnes, a citizen of Las Cruces, who acted as guide, found 24 of the enemy at the spring, who had from exhaustion gone to sleep, whom they captured. After getting water for my men I started in pursuit of the enemy, who had passed through San Augustine Pass. I was delayed for sonic time here waiting for Major Waller, who, in istaking my orders, had car- ried with him the whole command, except Captain Ilardemnans company, to Fort Fillmore. So soon as they joined me I started in pursuit, and found the enemys cavalry drawn up to cover the retreat of the infantiv through the Pass. These I charged with Captain flardemans company. They retreated in haste, leaving behind them their wagons and artillery and all their supplies. Upon gaining the summit of the Pass, a I)lain view of the road to the San Augustine Springs was presented. The road tbr 5 miles was lined with the fainting, famished soldiers, who threw down their arms as we passed and begged for water. A~ the Springs the enemy had drawn up in line of battle some 200 or 300 strong. I ordere(1 Major Waller to charge with Captain Hardemans company until lie reached the end of the line of straggling soldiers, then to form and cut them off from the main body. I followed, disarming the enemy, and as fast as our jaded horses could go. On reaching Captain Ilardemans conipany, who were formed, I saw Major Waller and Captain Ilardeman riding into the enemys lines. I was in a few ~mornents sent for by Major Lynde, who asked npon what terms I would allow him to surrender. I replied that the surrender must be unconditional. To this Major Lynde assented, asking that private property should be respected. The arti- cles of capitulation were signed, and the order given for the enemy to stack arms Page 19 Cw~.p. XI.] SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 119 Major Lynd& s command was composed of eight companies of infantry and four of cavalry, with four pieces of artillery, the whole numbering nearly 700 men. My own force at the surrender was less thaii 200. I regret to report that the regimental colors were burned by the enemy to avoid surrendering them. I was delayed at the place of surrender for two days on account of the condition of the enemy and the want of transportation. As soon as possible I marched them to Las Cruces and there paroled them, as I was informed that Captain Moore was en route for Fort Fillmore, fiorn Fort Buchanan, with 250 men. I could not guard the prisoners I had and meet the. coming forces. Being desirous, too, to afflict the enemy in every way, I considered that it was much better for them to bear the expense of finding the prisoners than for me to do so. After getting rid of the prisoners I immediately selected a strong po- sition near the village of Picacho to await the arrival of Captain Moores command. Here I was joined by Brig. Gen. A. S. Johnston, with a party of officers of the U. S. Army, who had resigned and were en route for Richmond, Va.; also a party of Californians, under Capt. Alonzo Jiidley. I tendered to Brigadier-General Johnston the command of my forces, believing that the best interest of the service required that I should relinquish the command to an officer of his rank and distin- guished ability, which he did me the honor to accept, and remained in command until there was no further necessity for his services. He sent Captain Coopwoods spy company to meet the enemy and send him word where they were, and to watch their movements and prevent any communication with them. The spies discovered them on the Miembres, and reported them moving carelessly, evidently not suspecting danger. On the night of the 6th of August an express reached Captaiii Moore from Fort Craig, telling him of the defeat of Major Lyndes couimand, and ordering him to burn up his transportation and supplies, and mnahe his escape to that place. This was done. The jaded condition of our animals alone prevented us from capturing them. The accompanying abstracts of quartermasters, subsistence, medical, and ordnance stores will show but a part of the property captured, much of it having been stolen and destroyed while I was awaiting the enemy at Picacho and some since I have left the command to Major Wahler. A number of muster rolls are lost, the remainder only showing about half of the prisoners captured; also the correspondence with the com- manding officer in reference to his regimental colors was lost. I regret the loss of these papers, but in the hurry and excitement it was unavoid- able. I can only give the number of the enemy as it was reported to me by the officers captured. On the 10th of August an express reached me from Fort Stanton, stating that the news of the capture of Major Lyndes command had created a stampede among the United States troops, who hastily aban- doned the fort after having destroyed a considerable portion of their supplies and Government property of all kinds, and all would have been destroyed but for a storm of rain, which extinguished the fire in- tended by the enemy to destroy the fort. The few citizens living near the fort took possession of it, and saved a valuable lot of quartermas- ters and commissary stores. The Mexicans and Indians in large num - bers demanded the iight to pillage the fort, which was granted. The citizens, being too weak to resist, not knowing that they would get aid from me or not, were forced to abandon the fort to the Mexicans arid Indians. Captain Walkers company, on the receipt of the express from Fort Stanton, was ordered to that post, arid he succeeded in recoverin Page 20 20 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. ICHAP. Xl. a portion of the property stolen. For particulars of his operations I refer you to his report. I sent a train to bring from Fort Stanton all the property and stores of value. The invoices will acquaint you with the property recovered from the post. I will mention, among other things, four pieces of artillery, two of which are uninjured an(l two so much injured as to be of no use. Believing that the interest of Arizona demanded imperatively some form of government, I issued my proclamation, of date 1st of August, 18(4, to the people, a copy of which I forward you. I cannot conclude this report without alluding to the courage, forti- tude, and patriotism of the officers and soldiers of my command and to those citizens who participated with us All did nobly their part. I cannot make distinction between men so willing and ready to do their whole duty. To the courage of my officers and men the country is in - debted for ihe success of our arms and the acquisition of a Territory valuable in many respects. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN li. BAYLOR, Ijeut. Cot., Gorndg. C. S. Forces in Arizona. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Asst. Adjt. Gen., C. S. Army, San Antonio, Tex. PROCLAMATION. Tothe People of the Territory of Arizona: The social and political condition of Arizona being little short of gen- eral anarchy, and the people being literally (lestitute of law, order, aiI(l protection, the said Territory, from the date hereof, is hereby declared teml)orarily organized as a military government until such time as Con- gress may otherwise provide. I, John II. Baylor, lieutenant-colonel, commanding the Confederate Army in the Territory of Arizona, hereby take possession of the said Ter- ritory in the name and behalf of the Confederate States of America. For all the purposes herein specified, and until otherwise decreed or provided, the Territory of Arizona shall comprise all that portion of New Mexico lying south of the thirty-fourth parallel of north latitude. All offices, both civil and military, heretofore existing in this Terri- tory, either under the laws of the late United States or the Territory of New Mexico, are hereby declared vacant, and from the date hereof shall forever cease to exist. That the people of this Territory may ei~joy the full benefits of law, order, and protection, and, as far as possible, the blessings and advan- tages of a free government, it is hereby decreed that the laws and enact- ments existing in this Territory prior to the date of this proclamation, and consistent with the Constitution and laws of the Confederate States of America and the provisions of this decree, shall continue in full force and effect, without interruption, until such time as the Confederate Con- gress may otherwise l)rovide. The said Territory of Arizona from the date hereof is hereby tempo- rarily organized under a military government until such time as Con- gress may otherwise provide. The said government shall be divided into two separate and distinct departments, to wit: The executive and judicial. The executive authority of this Territory shall be veste(l in the commandant of the Confederate Army in Arizona. The judicial powe Page 21 CHAP. XJ.1 SURRENDER AT SAN AUGUSTINE SPRINGS, N. MEX. 21 of this Territory shall be vested in a supreme court, two district courts, two probate courts, au(i a justice of the peace, together with such munici- pal aud other inferior courts as the wants of the people may from time to time require. The two district judges shall constitute the supreme court, each of whom shall determine all appeals, exceptions, and writs of error removed from the district court wherein the other presides. One of the said judges shall be designated as the chief justice of the supreme court. There shall be but one session each year, which shall be holden at the seat of government. The district judges shall hold two terms of court every year in their respective judicial districts. They may likewise hold special terms whenever in their opinion the ends of public justice require it. The judicial districts of this Territory shall be divided as follows: The first judicial district shall comprise all the portion of Arizona lying east of the Apache Pass, the (listrict and probate courts whereof shall be holden at La Mesilla. The second judicial district shall comprise the remainder of the Territory. The district and probate courts shall be holden at Tucson. The governor shall likewise appoint one probate judge and sheriff and the necessary justices of the peace in and for each judicial district. The constables shall be appointed by the respect- ive justices of the peace. Each (tistrict judge shall appoint his own clerk, who shall be cx officio clerk of the probate court within such dis- trict. The district and probate courts of the two districts shall be holden at such times as heretofore provided by the legislature of New Mexico for the counties of Doila Atia and Arizona. All suits and other business now pending in any of the late courts of New Mexico within this Territory shall be immediately transferred to the corresponding courts of this Territory, as herein established. The style of all process shall be the Territory of Arizona, and all prosecu- tions shall be carried on in the name of the Territory of Arizona. There shall likewise be appointed by the governor an attorney-gen- eral, secretary of the Territory, treasurer, and marshal, whose duty and compensation shall be the same as heretofore under the laws of New Mexico. The city of Mesilla is hereby designated as the seat of government of this Territory. All Territorial officers shall hold their respective terms of office until otherwise provided by Congress, unless sooner removed by the power appointing them. The salaries, fees, and coinpensatiou of all Territo: ial officers shall re- main the same as heretofore in the Territory of New Mexico. The treasurer, marshal, sheriffs, and constables, before acting as such, shall execute to the Territory a bond, with good and sufficient securities, conditioned for the fiuithful discharge of their official duties, in the same manner as heretofore provided under the laws of New Mexico. All Territorial officers, before entering upon their official duties, shall take an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution and laws of the Confederate States and of this Territory and faithfully to discharge all duties incumbent upon them. The bill of rights of the Territory of New Mexico, so far as consistent with the Constitutiou and laws of the Confederate States and the pro- visions of this decree, are hereby declared in Pill force and effect in the Territory of Arizona. Given under my hand at Mesilia this 1st day of August, 1861. JOHN It. BAYLOR, Gov. and Lient. (17o1., Corn dy. Mounted Rifles, (7. S. Army Page 22 22 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [ChAP. XT. Appointments. hi accor(lanee with the provisions of a proclamation, dated August 1, 1861, organizing temporarily the Territory of Arizona, I, John R. Baylor, governor of the said Territory, do hereby publish and declare the following appointments. All appointees are requested to quality and enter npon their official duties without delay: Secretary of the Territory, James A. Lucas; attorney-general, M. TI. MeWillie; treasurer, E. Angorstein; marshal, George M. Frazier; pro- bate judge first judicial district, Frank Higgins; justice of peace Do$ia Aila County, L. W. Greek; justice of peace Mesilla, fourth l)recillct, M. A. Veritnendi; justice of peace Mesilla, fifth precinct, iJe~iry L. Dexter; justice of peace La Mesa, Theodor J. Miller; justice of peace, Pinos Altos, M. M. Steiuthal; justice of peace San Tomas, C. Lanches. Given under my hand at Mesilla this 2d day of August, A. 1). 1861. JOIIK It. BAYLOB, Gov. and Lieut. Got., Comdg. Mounted Rifles, C. S. Army. AUGUST 2, 1861.Fort Stanton, N. Nex., abandonei by Union troops. REPORTS. No. 1.Licut. Col. Benjamin S. Roberts, Third U. S. Cavalry. No. 2.Lieut. Col. John R. Baylor, Second Texas Mounted Rifles, and including other matters. No. 1. Report of Lieut. Got. Benjamin S. Roberts, Third U. S. Cavalry. HEADQUARTERS, Port Stanton, August 2, 1861. COLONEL: By Corporal Hnghes, of B Co., Mounted Riflemen, I have received information of the surrender of the entire command of Mayor Lynde (including Captain Gibbs and Lieutenant Cresseys companies ot my regiment, detached from their post temporarily) to the Texans. In order to place the troops [of J this post at once at your (lisposal at more important points, I have this day abandoned Fort Stanton, an(1, conforming to your instructions, destroyed all the public stores of every kind my small means of transportation could not convey away. - The two infantry companies will proceed to Albuquerque and report to the commanding officer of that post. I shall report to you in person in Santa F~ with the two companies of Mounted Riflemen. I have the honor to be, & c., B. S. ROBERTS, Lieutenant- Colonel, U. S. Army, Commanding. Col. E. It. S. CANnY, Comdg. Department of New Mexico. No. 2. Report of Lieut. Got. John R. Baylor. C. S. Army, ~f evacuation of E6rt Stanton, N. iVex., and other events. HEADQUARTERS, Port Bliss, August 14, 1861. Siu: I regret to report that the United States troops, consisting of four companiestwo of cavalry and two infantrythat were en rout Page 23 CuAI. XI.] FORT STANTON, N. MEX., ABANDONED. 23 from Fort Buchanan to Fort Fillmore, succeeded by ignominious flight iii making their escal)e. On the night of the 7th instant an express reached them from Fort Craig, when they immediately burned all their transportation and supplies, and fled in great disorder and haste, saving nothing but their arms and animals. By express from Fort Stanton J learn that upon the receipt of the news that Major Lynde had surrendered, Colonel 1~oberts, in command of that post, fled in haste, leaving the post on fire, which was extin- guished by a storm of rain. Most of the commissary and quartermas- ters supplies were saved and a battery. On the receipt of this intefli- gence I sent Captain Walkers company to occupy Stanton, and will send a train for the commissary and quartermasters stores, leavin gonly two months supply for the troops now there. The families there were at the mercy of Indians and Mexicans, and I thought it proper to garri- son the post, at least until I could learn the wishes of the Government. I have also established a Provisional Government for the Territory of Arizona, and made the appointments to fill the offices necessary to en- force the laws. I have proclaimed myself the governor, have authorized the raising of four companies to hold the Territory and afford protection to the citizens, and extended the limits of the Territory to the parallel of 36~ 30; thence due west to the Colorado, and down that stream to its month. The vast mineral resources of Arizona, in addition to its affording au outlet to the Pacific, make its acquisition a matter of some importance 10 our Government, and now that I have taken possession of the Terri- tory, I trust a force sufficient to occupy and hold it will be sent by the Government, under some competent man. I urge the acceptance of the companies I have raised, as they are com- posed of the very best material, and are invaluable as soldiers. Captain Coopwoods company especially has been of great service to me, as spies cannot be supplied. I have acted in all matters relating to the acquisition of Arizona en- tirely upon my own responsibility, and can only refer the matter, through you, for the approval of the Government. Inventories of all property capture(l from the Army will be sent to you as early as possible. I regret to say that a good deal has been stolen by both prisoners and Mexicans, but in the excitement of the time I could not avoid such acts, my time being occupied with other matters. The arms and ammunition are valuable, and many that are broken and injured by the enemy can be repaired. I will send them down to the arsenal by the first opportunity. The artillery (twelve pieces) can be used by mounting them again, as no damage was done to the guns except spiking them. I cannot conclude without alluding to the manner in which my men have conducted themselves in this short campaign. They have endured hun ger and fatigue without complaint, and for a week (lid not eat more tI)aIl a meal in twenty-four hours. For four days they did not unsaddle their horses, and during the whole time behaved in a manner worthy of veterans. Yours, very respectfully, JOHN Th BAYLOR, Licut. Gol., Comdg. Second Regt Texas Mounted Rifles. General EARL VAN DOIImN, Commanding Department of Texas Page 24 [CHAr. XI. 24 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. AUGUST 23, 1861.Skirmish near Fort Craig, N. lox. Report of Lieut. Col. John P. Baylor, C. ~. Army. hEADQUARTERS, Fort Blis8, August 23, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the capture of a detachment from Fort Craig of 9 men and a Captain Hubbell, of the New Mexico volunteers. From them I learn that there are now at Craig 330 regular troops and 180 New Mexico volunteers. There is no artillery at Craig, and I could easily take the place but for the jaded condition of my horses, many of which are unfit for service. I would suggest that a strong force be stationed here, as I can do nothing towards ridding the country of In- dians while the United States troops occupy New Mexico, as my force is too weak to divide. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN U. BAYLOR, Lient. Col., Gomdg. Mounted Rifles, 0. ~. Army. General EARL VAN DORN. AUGUST 25S~PTE~BE~ 8, 1361.Operations against Indians about Fort Stanton, N. lex. Report of Lient. John P. Pulliam, C. S. Army. FORT STANTON, ARIZ., August 25 [?], 1861. SIR: Captain Walker having left post this morning for Fort Bliss, I came in command. The condition of the conntry being such as to render it necessary to keep out spies in the direction of Forts Union and Craig, have thought it a matter of precaution to have men on the lookout to prevent a surprise from the Federal troops, who were con- centrating at the before-mentioned forts. The following day I detailed four men to march to the Gallinas Mountains, distant about 73 miles, in a northwestern direction, where they could obtain a i)osition command- ing a view of all roads leading to Fort Stanton by which an enemy might approach. August 29.Dr. H. II. Dryden, in company with McComb aiid Halls train, arrived. The former was furnished quarters, and took his posi- tion as post surgeon. Orders were issued calling for suplus stores over the companys rations for two months. The train was loaded, and started for Fort Bliss the following (lay. September 1.Last night a spy party retnrned, an d reported having seen no indications of any advancing enen~~~. At sizndwn detailed 4 menT. G. Pemberton, Joseph V. Mosse, Joseph Emmanacker, and Floyd A. Sandersto proceed to the Gallinas Mountains. My instruc- tions were, in conseqnence of the situation of the water and dangerous proximity of hostile Indians, very explicit. My orders were to re& ch the water on the morning of the second day, water the horses, fill up canteens, leave the spring, and noon at a safe an(l sufficient distance away; but on account of feeling convinced that there was no danger there, the men, contrary to orders, camped at about 100 yards above the spring in a grove of pine trees, where they and their fire were visible to any person going to the spring from the road. While in the act of cook Page 25 Ow. ILl OPERATIONS ABOUT FORT STANTON~ N. MEL 25 lug breakfast three Indians were seen running over a a4)oinihg bill. The men immediately saddled up their hotses, and while m the act of doing so they were assailed by a shower of arrows, ad fond them- selves totally surrounded by an overwhelminq force, who poured in an incessant fire. Each ma took up his position behind a tree; and on their attempt to fire their rifles, to their horror found that they would not go cit Revolvers were immediately drawn, and after several shots hadbeenfiredthe men were dislodgedfromthefrpositiOns. Every tree shielded a Indian for considerable distance on all sides. The fight, which was a running one, was continued for nearly two houru, when Emmaacker, Pemberton, and Mosse having fallen, Sanders took his horse, ad putting spurs to him, galloped don a almost perpendic- ular mountain, ad amidst a shower of arrows escaped to tell the fate of the horrible massacre of his three comrades. He reported having been followed for 10 miles by the Indians, ad had his horse not been fleeter than the India ponies he would certainly have shared the fate of his comrades. The same evening that Sanders returned I ordered fourteen men, accompanied by three citizens, who volunteered to accompany the coin- and, to proceed to the scene of the unfortunate encounter, ad at sun- down they left the fort% Shortly before night Captain Walker arrived and took command. September 8.Since the captains return preparations have been made to evacuate the post. About noon the scouting party returned, andre- ported having seen no Indians. They were at the Gallinas Mountains; saw evident marks of the poor fellows who were killed having fought with bravery and a determination to sell their lives as dearly as possible, as almost every tree was marked by blood shed by the inhuma sav- ages, who, when they outnumbered our men ten to one, attacked them, and were able to carry off their scalps as laurels of victory. The bodies of Pemberton and Einmanacker were fond, and buried as well as czr cumstances would admit, with a salute fired over their graves, ad a cross cat in a tree to indicate the spot. houses body was not found. His fate seems to be doubtful, although Sanders says he saw him shot through the head and fall dead before he left the ground. The same evening word was brought into the fort that the Indians had attacked the Placito, a Mexica settlement 10 miles below the fort I was ordered to take fifteen men there and protect the citizens~ did had an engagement with them (the Indians), and killed five. Returned to the fort amidst a pouring rain at 2 a. in. The nextmornmgwe started from Fort Stanton, and arrived at Dons Aila,~Aris September 21,1801. iULLIAM, B~rat Bent. (Jo. D, Second Regt flY. if. B., (3. & Army. fleut. CoL Jon B. BAYLoR, (Yousdg. Second Regt I. If. B., (7. & A., Dolt A(., Avis. AUGUR ., 186LSklrnlah with hilts Tart 311., Ta Report of Dent. (JoL Join. B. Baylor, C. S. Army. Hu& DQuAnTnB, .Ebrt Bliss, August 25, 1801. Sn: I regret to inform you that Lieutenant Mays, with a party of 14 men from Fort Davis, went in pursnit of Indians ad attacked a $1 Page 26 26 OPERATIONS IN mx., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [ChAr. XT. lage of Apaches, and after a desperate fight v~ere all killcd except a Mexican, who came in, bringing the intelligence. Lieutenant White, iii command of that post, sent out a detachment to ascertain if any were left, but fonnd nothing but the hats, boots, and a number of horses that had been killed, besides several bodies of men, who were recognized as men of Lientenant Mays party. J would urge the importance of more men being sent to me, as I cajit hold the lTnite(1 States troops in check and operate against the Indians with the limited number of men under my command. Very respectfully, JOI-IN IR. BAYLOR, Jijeut. Gol., Gomdy. Second ilouuted Ri /1e8, (1. 5. Army. General E. VAN DORN. SEPTE~JBER 25, 26, 1861.Skimizhcs at Ca~ah Alamo3a (25th) and near Fort Thorn, Il. ~Iex. (26th). I~EPORTS. No. 1.Col. E. R. S. Canby, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry. No. 2.Capt. John II. Minks, New Mexico Cavalry, of skirmish at Canada Alainosa. No. 8.Capt. Robert M. Morris, Third U. S. Cavalry, of skirmish near Fort Thorn. No. 4.Lieiit. Col. John R. Baylor, SeGond Texas Mounted Rifles. No. 5.Capt. Bethel Coopwood, Confederate forces. No. 1. Report of Got. B. P. 5. Ganby, Nineteenth U~ S. Infantry. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P~, AT. Mex., October 4, 1861. SIn: The picket skirmishing referred to in my last report of the 29th nltimo resulted in the capture of the captains and lieutenants, 9 men of Captain Minks company of mounted volnuteers, 3 wagons, and 18 mules. The first lieutenant and the remainder of the company made their escape with their arms and all the horses of the company. Time guard duty was negligently performed and the party was cOinl)letely surl)rised; no one killed or wounded. Captaiu Morris, Third Cavalry, with 100 men of that regiment, was sent in pursuit of the Texans, and after a rapi(l march of 8~ miles found them strongly posted and l)ro- tected by a barricade of ihilen timber. A short skirmish eusned, which lasted until Captain Morris had exhausted his ammunition, whemi lie withdrew his command and sent back for ammunition. The Texans availed themselves of this opportunity to make their escape. Their cap- tain, 10 men, and 22 horses were killed, 30 mcmi and a large number of horses wot1n(led. ln Captain Morris commnand 3 men. were wounded. The pursuing troops left Fort Craig hastily, and with only the ammuni- tion in their cartridge boxes. With the exception of this oversight the affair was con(lncte(1 with judgment alm(l skill, and Captain Morris comn- j)li~nents the officers and men for great gallantry. The parties engaged were about equal in strength. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CAN BY, Colonel Nineteenth Injhntry, Comdg. 1)epartntent. The ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, llidqrs. Western Department, Saint Louis, Mo Page 27 C:~AP. XI.] SKIRMISHES ftT CANADA ALAMOSA, N. MEX., ETC. 27 No. 2. T~eport of Capt. Jo/tn H. Minks, of skirmish at Ca~7ada Alamosa. DORA A~A, N. iVIIEX., September 29, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that, in pursuance to Order No. , from the commanding officer at Fort Craig, I proceeded with my coni- pany about 40 miles southward from Fort Craig to a small town called Cafiada Alamosa, in order to establish a camp there, & c., leaving be- hind only 10 men as aii escort for a train to Albuquerque, and 5 sick in the hospital at Fort Craig. On my arrival at CaiTiada Alamosa I at once took the necessary steps to secure men and horses against a sudden attack, but I was not able to accomplish the work in one or two days as it ought to have been done, on account of my time being occupied in purchasing forage an(1 making many necessary preparations in my camp to enable me to keep out constantly several small scouting parties. The operations were also retarded on account of the unwillingness of some of my men to use the spade and the pick ax. Before I had finished my corral an(1 breastworks, September 24, at about 5 p. mu., I received information that mounted meim had been seen in a southern direction from our camp. I immediately ordered 6 men, already in the saddle, to scout in the direction of Lagnna, in company with a Mexican well aoquainted with the topography of the country, to start and bring more positive informnation. They returned and reported the said men to be a scouting party from Captain Hubbells company, in comninand of a certain Colisuara, who had come over on the right bank of the river to pasture their horses. Well aware that this was only an excuse for having abandoned their post 1M1 the Jornada, my intention was to arrest the party next morning and send them to Cap- tain hubbell. At a later hour the same evening similar information was received of havimig seen mounted men, but, as I considered this already explained, I only cautioned my men not to leave the camp and to keep silence during the night, so they could always hear my voice and be at all hours ready to repel a night attack. The teamsters, who were to start the next day, were ordered to leave early, at 3 oclock in the morning, for Fort Craig. I sat up writing until 1 or 2 oclock in the morning before I retired. I was soon aroused by one of mny sentinels reporting that he had heard a noise in the direction of the town. I gave the alarm to my men, who were immediately under arms. The nmght at that hour was very dark; nothing could be seen. I ordered my men to saddle their horses, which were picketed in front of our line between the town and the camp, but before I could see what it meant they had disappeared in the darkness. Somq of my men say they fired into our camp. I (lid not see or hear it, though at this time our horses stamnpeded. I ordered 8 or 10 men to bring them back or to l)revent themn from falling into the hands of the enemy, but more than 39 men went off before I could prevent it, on account of the da~rkness. At this moment a terrible Indian yell was heard from the town. I thought for a while the Indians were attacking the town, and, with more than 40 of my men, was prepared to march to the rescue of the inhabitants, when we heard distinctly cavalry coming down on us, ammd a voice near our line hallooing ont: Heres their camp; give them hell! The firing now commenced, and the enemy fell back into the town. I themi knew that they were Texans, and that it was not an In- dian yell I had heard a few moments before. I nevertheless thought the force could not be a large one; that the firing on their side woul Page 28 28 OPERATIONS IN mx., N. MEN.., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. be brisker, and came rather to the conclusion that they were only an advance picket of 12 or 15 men, who were trying to rout my camp l)y frightening ns under cover of night, and who would retreat before day - light, satisfied to have a big laugh at us. I had already sent an express (Lorenzo Tobats and Felis Gallegas) to Fort Craig, and determined to make a stand. I fell back behind some houses and fences, ceased firing at random, ud, no shots being fired by the enemy for sonic time, I thought they had perilai)s already retreated. I then tried to bring some of my men back, and used all kinds of means to prevent the enemy finding out the real number of my men on hand. I went on foot with a few others into the town, iu order to find out something about the number and doings of the enemy, l)C1i- etrating from house to house. Nothing could be seen. I thought the enemy must either have evacuated the town or it was a ruse to bring us out. I did not deem it prudent to go any farther; went back to may camp, where I found that the number of my men had again diminished. I ordered Lieutenant Sanches to bring some of the men back, if there was any possibility to do so before (laybreak, and called on volunteers to ride with me into the town to drive the enemy out if they were only few in numbers, or to set fire to some of the small outside houses, fromim which the enemy could fire at us, and which, at all events, would break the eternal darkness. Providc~d with matches and some dry WOO(i, ill company with Lieutenant Medina~, Sergeant i\Iennett, amid a few others, nimoanted and advanced towards the town, where, to our great surprise, we were received by a pretty smart musketry. We soon found out that we had made a wrong calculation as to the strength of the enemy, and in less than ten minutes were again at the very spot from whence we had started. At this hour of time morning a portion of the enemy took J)ositiOml at an elevated place to our right, near the road leadimig to Fort Craig, so that a retreat en masse would have been oi)served, and l)rO- yoked the enemy not only to pursue us, but also those of my company who had gone after their horses, and, doubtless, well mounted as the enemy were, would have overtaken most of our horses and men in less than half an hour. At this time (nearly daybreak) 1 foumid mny whole force reduced to 10 men. Nothing else could then be done but emiter- tam the enemy and prevent time i)ursuit of the main ho(ly of may coin - pany. This was done by loud commands, as if the whole company were still present, and occasional firing for more than an hour, with the loss of only one teamster (John MorriH), wounded in the leg. Seeing at last, by ai(l of my spy-glass, that time emmemy were more than (30 horsemen strong and preparing to charge us, that retreat was utterly impossible for the few still with me, and further resistance would only lead to a useless butchery, I surren(lered betweemm 7 and 8 a. in., after having saved nearly all the men, horses, and armns of mimy comnpamuy, but bound to lose 3 wagons, 12 mules, arid a few imorses, about 15 arms (carbines and pistols), besides all our camp equipage, one arid a half boxes of cartridges, rations on hamid, and a small lot of old saddles am 1(1 blankets, wlmich were mnostlx all destroyed by time emmemy. The enemy had one excellemit Imorse killed and a few others wounded. After my surrender I foummd the emmeimmys forces consisted of Captain Coopwoods spy company, 45 macn strong, a detachmnemit of Captaimi Pyrons comnpammy, 45 mcmi strommg, an(1 24 macmm maore, detached fromn ammotlmer compammy. Total, 114 men. They say that some (A may men were killed, but I am riot aware of this, aithoagh I took, betore we left Alamosa, great pains to ascertaimi this ihet. It may be possjble that I. have on this ocensiomi committed somue errors. I aum aware that I have Page 29 C1T~P. XI.] SKIRMISHES AT CANADA ALAMOSA, N. MEX, ETC. 29 but for others it is an easy thing to find fault when it is too late to do any good. if I had sent my wagons off and divided my company into four or five spy parties, and had them out only one day before, ~() lo s~, or very little loss, would have been experienced, and in all probability I would not be a prisoner now. The word if is a great word. If Captain Coopwood had delayed his attack until the next morning, cut- ting oft our retreat, which lie could have done, not a horse or man of mine could have escaped. He nevertheless had plenty df good reasons to act as he did. Not being permitted to report the further movements of the enemy, I only state that my second lieutenant, M. Med ma, was badly wounded in the upper leg the next day by onr own men; the bone is probably hurt, but the wound will not prove fatal; Mr. Peter Dens, of Las Cruces, aii old friend of mine, has taken care of him. John ~~orrin, the team - ster betore alludeci to; is in the hospital at this place, doing well. I ani under parole not to leave the headquarters of Colonel Baylor without his permission. We are all well treated so far; receive our rations, and up to this hour have not heard a single nnkind word from ofiicers or men, although they have to deplore the loss of two of their best men killed in the action which took place the next morning (September 26), when our troops overtook the same party about 30 miles below the Al- ainosa, and, furthermore, have about seven wounded in the hospital. I submit this report to the kind consideratiou of the colonel command- ing, and have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN I-I. MINKS, New ilkxieo ]Ilounted Volunteers. Col. E. II. S. CANnY, Commanding U. S. Forces in New JiTexico. No. 3. Report of Capt. Robert 111. Morris, Third U. S. Cavalry, of skirmish near Fort Thorn. FORT CRAIG, N. MEX., September 29, 1861. CAPTAIN: In obedience to your verbal order given inc at 9 a. in. on the 25th instant, I moved with Companies C, (3-, and K, Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, to the relief of Captain Minks mounted volunteers, at Caiiada Alamosa. 1 reached that point at 4.30 p. mu. I should state that I ordered Captain 1-lubbelis company to join my command from their camp o~)posite Panago, which was under the command of Lieu- tenant Hubbell, the first lieutenant. Arriving at Caiiada Alamosa, I found that a number of ponies were too wearied to proceed at any gait. I therefore left Lieutenant Brady (who was too sick to proceed) in charge of the camp, and resumed my march with 101 rank and file on the trail of the Texan force xvhich had cal)tured Captain Minks, marching until 3 a. in. of the following morn- ing, rested until daylight, then proceeded on the trail. Lieutenant Cooley, of the Second Volunteer Regiment (who acted as my aide de camp), riding in advance, discovered the Texans encamped. I then formed my command to charge, but upon examining their posi- tion I saw it was fu~le to attempt it at that time. To test their strength I ordered Lieutenant Treacy with his compan Page 30 80 OPERATIONS IN TEL~ N. MEL, AND ARU. [Cnn. ST. (C) to takeposition on their right flank and attack them, whilst I moved forward to attack them front and left.. Taking up my position, a single shot was fired. I immediately dismounted and went into action, which lasted an hon and forty-two minutes. a as a feint to draw My ammunition running low, I retired half mile them out from their intrenchments, buttthout success. I then turned their right and camped 2fr miles from them, where I remained till 5p.m.; then I moved up the creek and encamped, where I remained until dark, and then moved back on Caflada Alamosa with my wounded, which place I reached at 4 a. m. on the 27th instant Although it may appear invidious to mention names where all be- haved so coolly and with unflinching bravery, I will stats that Dr. Sylvester Bankin and Lieutenant Cooley performed their appropriate duties to my hill satisfaction. To the riflemen engaged I cannot but say that they proved themselves by their coolness and bravery men who will sustain their regimental flag under any cireumstances. Lientenant Treacys conduct on the field elicited my highest approba- tion. This report is respectfblly submitted. a x. xomus, Captain, )2egirtent Afount.a Riflemen. Capt H. B. Sawn, Fjftli l4fantry, Commandis, Poet No.4. Report. of Lint. VoL Join. A Baylor, C. & Anng, and of affair near and abandonment of Fort Stanton. Fort Bliss, September [October] 1,1861. Sm: I have the honor to report that Captain Coop woods spy com- pany had an engagement with two companies of U. S. Dragoons frbm Fort Craig, in which the enemy lost four killed and several wounded. The fight occurred 40 miles below Craig, about the 26th ultimo. Capt. James Walker also took 48 prisoners of a New Mexico company near Fort Stanton. They were disarmed and released on parole. I have been compelled to abandon Fort Stanton, as my force is too weak to divide. That post~ I am sorry to inform you, was robbed by Indians and Mexicans, who threatened the lives of the few citizens that had occupied it Captain Walker has recovered a considerable part of thearticles stolen, andlsentatrainouttobringinall articles of any value. I have the honor to be, very respectfiifly, ~oax a BAYLOR, Lint. Vol., Comdg. Second Regiment Mounted R$fles. General EMIL Va Dofl. DoEs Ma, HEADQUARTERS, Aria., October 6, 1861. Sm: Pursuant to my order of September 18, issued from my head- quarters, to Capt B. Coopwcod, then commanding Camp Bobledo, 12 List of casualties shows: Number of wounded in Company 0,8 enlisted mcii; number of wounded In Company G, S enlisted men Page 31 ChAP. XI.] SKIRMIShES AT CANADA ALAMOSA, N. MEX., ETC. 31 miles north of this place, he detailed a detachment of 110 men, and pro- ceede(i toward Fort Craig, for the purpose of reconnaissances. I)uring his progress had two engagements with the enemy; tlie first in the town of Alamosa, in which he dispersed a New Mexican volunteer coin- pany, taking the captain, lieutenant, and several others I)risoners. The. following day had to conteu(1 against iSO or 190 cavalry from Craig, in which he also made them retire. For further particnlars of his pio- ceedings I refer you to a condensed copy of his report made to these headquarters. Respectfully, & c., JOHN R. BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comm an ding. ASSiSTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, C. ~3. An~iy, Headquarters Department, San Antonio, Tex. No. 5. Report of Capt. Bethel Coopwood, Confederate forces. DONA A~A, Aiuz., September 29, 18~31. Sin: In obedience to your order of date September 18,1861, 1 started from. Camp Robledo on the 22d instant to make a reconnaissance of he country aroun(1 Fort Craig with a detachment of 112 men, includimig offi- cers, detailed from Captain Pyrons company, B, and Captain Staffords company, E, Second Texas Monnte(l Rifles, an(l my spy company, as shown by lists from the different companies, hereto annexed~ also one man, the Rev. William J. Joyce, of Captain Jiardemans company, A, Second Texas Mounted Rifles. Having obtmined reliable information that a company of U. S. vol- unteers had started from Fort Craig to occupy the town of Alamnosa, 35 miles from Fort Craig, I marched with all l)recantion to that place, and on the morning of the 25th instant succeeded in getting between that place and Craig withont being discovered. I immediately marched my force into town, and after some skirmishing captured Capt. J. II. Minks, Second Lieut. Metiaze Medina, an(l 23 privates and non-corn- missioned officers. In the skirmish 4 of the enemy were killed and 6 wounded. The remainder of Captain Minks company tied early in the action, and escaped by crossing the river and taking to the mountains. In the camp of Captain Minks I found an amount of public property, and immediately appointed Lieutenant Poore to take charge of the same; and the duplicate of his inventory, hereunto annexe(l, exhibits the amount of property taken, except four sibley tents an(l a number of saddles and other articles of small value, which were burned by my order, not having transportation for the same. Not having transporta- tion for the prisoners, I administered to 22 of them a strong oath, bind- mng them not to take np arms against the Confederate States durimm this war unless exchanged, & c., and then set them at liberty without arms; but I held Captain Minks and Lieutenant Medina and one ~er- geant as l)risoners, and deliver them to you to abide your order. From Alamosa I marched along the river road with the property taken to the place known as E Company Grove. and eacamj)e(l for time night. On the morning of the 27th, while at breakfast, I was informed that my I)ickets were running into c amp, and, rising to my foet, I sa Page 32 32 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. the enemy pursuing them. In less than ten minutes my camp was sur- rounded by U. S. troops, numbering about 190. None of the ordinary ceremonies of attack were performed. There being no misunderstand- ing, we at once commenced business. The firing commenced at 7 oclock and ended at 11 a. m. The enemy began to retreat before ii, and about that hour fled from the field. I lost 2 mcii killed, and had 2 severely wounded, each in the arm, besides 6 others slightly wounded, all of which will more fully appear from the list hereto annexed. The enemy removed their dead and wounded as they retreated, so as to evade a discovery of their losses; but, from the number of horses led away with bodies apparently lashed across them, there were 12 or 13 killed, but the number of their wounded could not be ascertained. The principal portion of the battle was fought with the enemys force formed in two lines, forming the angle of a square, a.nd my forces formed the same way insi(le of theirs, my lines being much the shorter. One of my lines was composed of the detachment Irom Captain Pyrons com- pany and a portion of the detachment from Captain Staffords company, under the immediate command of Lieutenant Poore, Sergeant OGrady, and Sergeant Browne. My left line was composed of the detachment from my company and a part of the detachment from Captain Staffords company. This line was under the immediate comnmand of Lieutenant Sutherland, being divided into two platoons, one led by Sergeant Coul- ter, and the other by Private Tevis, who was named for the special occasmon. I remained upon the field till 10 oclock a. m. the next day, but was prepared to receive another attack should the enemy return re-enforced. In relation to the men and officers nuder me I would say to you, sir, that I have not witnessed such a display of manly courage and l)erfeet order (luring my experience in wars. Each officer and man conducted himself as though he thought the destinies of lmiinself and his coumitry were depermdiug upon his action on that occasion. The wolimn(led would not even utter a cry, lest it would be injurious to the cause. A remark- able instance of this was displayed in the case of Sergeant OUrady. After being severely wounded, and after having fallen to tIme ground from loss of blood, he continued to cheer his men an(l encourage them to fight, telling timem iiot to cease firing until they had avenged his blood. This kind of courage was also displayed by others whose wounds were not so severe. Sergeant Quinn, Sergeant Robinson, and Antonio Lambert, after having each received a wound, continued to fight, if possible, with muore courage and determination. Time officers and men paid strict attention to every order, an(l acted muore like vet- eran troops than volunteers. I cannot with words express the esteem I have for all who were with inc. Nothing short of witnessing a simi- lar occasion can impress you with an idea of the vabme of such troops an(1 the cre(lit (lue themnfor what they have already (lone. I herewith annex a list of the names of all who were with me, that you may knov~ that numuber of men by name who will not flinch under the most try- in~ circumstances. Regretting much that some of my esteemed fellow soldiers have suf- fered the fate of war on this scout, I most respectfully submnit to you this rei~ort of the same. I am, sir, your most obedient servant, BEThEL CO3PWOOD, Caplcmin, Commanding & out. Lient. Col. JOIIN II. BAYLOR Page 33 CHAP. XI.] CAMP ROBLEDO, N. MEX. 33 SEPTET~BBR 30OCTOBER 7, 1831.Operations against Indians from Camp Robledo, N. ~ex. Report of Capt. P. Iliardeman, C. S. Army. CAMP TIOBLEPO, Anjz., October 8, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report to you, in obedience to General Orders, No. 16, issued at headquarters, San Antonio, August 21, niak. ing it the duty of officers of scouting parties to forward reports of their operations to headquarters through their respective commanding offi- cers, that, in obedience to your order, I, with a detachment of 25 of my men, accompanied by Captain Frazier, took up the line of march on the 30th ultimo en route to the Upper Rio Grande, to see if I could make any discoveries of the enemy in that portion of the country. After passing up Ihe Jornada road some 50 miles I directed my course west- ward, to intersect the road running up the river by old Fort Thorn. Before reaching that road I came across an Indian trail with a large flock of sheep. The trail being fresh, I thought proper to pursue them. After crossing the river and trailing about 10 miles northwest the trail then turned a due west course for 15 miles across a level plain to a very rongh, mountainous country. Here the trail turned nearly due north through the chain of mountains. I followed them across the head wat- ers of the Rio Miembres, and thence to the tributaries of the Gila River. Not being able to overtake them at this point, and some of my horses becoming very tender-footed from traveling over the rocky country withoat shoes, and having started from camp with only three days rations, and being entirely out at this time, I thought it prudent to abandon the chase and return to camp, which we did without having the pleasure of capturing the red rascals, and arrived in camp on the 7th instant, having been out four (lays without any rations or anything to eat except a few wild grapes which we were lucky enough to find in the mountains. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. HARDEMAN, Captain Company A, Commanding & out. Licut. Col. J. R. BAYLOR, Corn manding Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles. OCTOBER 1116, 1831.Operations against Indians from Fort Inge, Ten. Report qf Sergt. W. Barrett, C. S. Cavalry, forwdrded by Lient. John Bradley, C. S. infantry. FORT INGE, TEX., October 17, 1861. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to forward the inclosed report, and re- spectfully add that I sincerely deplore the loss that has been sustained by the death of three such good soldiers; also my inability to leave the post for the purpose of proceeding to the battle ground in hopes of re- covering the bodies of the deceased, and again endeavoring to come up with the same party or finding others in the same neighborhood, for I think there are plenty of them to be found in that section of country. 3 R RVOL I Page 34 34 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. There being no other commissioned officer at the post, it necessarily compels me to remain inactive. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN BIIADLEY, Second Lieutenant C. S. Infantry, Commanding Post. Capt. ID. C. STITH As8t. Adjt. Ge~., ffdqrs. Dept. of Texas, San Antonio. [Inclosure.] FORT INGE, TEx., October 16, 1861. SIR: According to orders received from you I started on the evening of the 11th instant with a party of fifteen privates and two non-com- missioned officers in pursuit of a band of hostile Indians, taking with me four days rations. Upon arrival at the scene of depredations I was informed that the Indians had taken the direction of the Nueces River. I immediately started out in pursuit, and encamped that night on the Rio Frio. Next morning early we struck the trail between the Frio and the Leona, and continued to follow it until dark that night. On the morning of the third day I again took up the trail, running in the di. rection of Fort Yulee, hotly pursuing it until sunset. That night (the 3d) two mules and two ponies came into camp with several arrows stuck into them. The animals died shortly after they were discovered. On Monday morning I again started on the trail, following it for about half a mile, when I lost it. After some time I discovered that the Indians had retraced their steps in the direction of the Rio Grande. That day the Indians crossed and recrossed the Barosito Creek several timnes. Some of our horses in pursuing them, so b oggy were the crossings, sank in the mud and had to be pulled out by lariats, causing great (lelay and wettiub our sharpshooters and ammunition. The same evening, about sunset, upon arrival in a small clearing, we were suddenly at- tacked by the ludians, who sprang out from the surrounding scrub. The Indians (Lipans) were in large numbers. It seemed to be a head camping ground. As soon as attacked the men unslung their carbines and prepared for action, but upon attempting to discharge them not one in a half dozen would go off, although four or five caps were nsed on each piece; the arms and ammunition being completely unfit for use from the soaking they had received during the day. I may here say that it rained incessantly that day from sunrise until sunset. The men who could not use their carbines drew their sabers and commenced using them. Three men who happened to have dismounted engaged the Indians hand-to-hand, killing several. I am sorry to say that the three men were also killed; that, along with 1 man and 4 horses wounded, was the only loss on our side; on the Indian side, about 10 killed and several wounded. The fight lasted about half an hour. As it was get- ting dark, having no pistols, and the Indians being too numerousthey were gaining strength every minuteI gave the command to retreat. On Tuesday muorning we started for home, and arrived here this evening. In conclusion, allow me to say that the men under my command be- haved admirably. I ani, sir, your most obedient servant, W. BARRETT Sergeant, Gompany A, C. S. Caz~alry. $econd Lient JOHN BRADLEY, C. S. A., Commanding Fort Inge Page 35 CHAr. XL] SKIRMISH ON PEOSI RIVER, TEXAS. 35 NOVEITBER 1, 1861.Skirmish with Indians on the Peosi River, Texas~ Report of Col. H. E. lIfcCulloch, C. S. Army. GALVESTON, TEX., November 30, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that Capt. J. B. Barry, of my regi- ment, writes me that he attacked a party of Indians on Peosi River, a branch of the Red River, on the first day of this month, and killed ten of them dead on the field, and wounded two others severely, if not mor- tally. He reports that he carried but ten days rations, was out on the scont twenty-two days, during which time his command suffered greatly, but never murmured. The fi gut was a running one of several miles, con- sequently only a portion of his men could get up with the Indians; that six of his command overtook and engaged twelve Indians, keeping them from proceeding and holding theni at bay for fifteen or twenty minutes until several others of his command came up; that during this time the fight was close and severe, the Indians fightin~ desperately, and apparently having the advantage of the fight at times, but finally gave way, and all of this twelve was killed or wounded, while he only sustained a loss of two men wounded, which he thinks will soon recover, and one horse shot with an arrow, which he thinks will probably not be of any service to his owner in future. This is the first decided victory that has been gained with any loss to the Indians by our troops during the present service that has come to my knowledge, and I earnestly hope that it will be followed up by like brilliant and decided successes in the future. Respectfully submitted. H. E. McCULLOCH, Cot. First Regt Texas Mounted Rifles, P. C. S. Army. General P. 0. H~BERT, Commanding Military Department of Texas. CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, AND ARIZONA FROM JUNE 11, 1861FEBRUARY 1, 1862. UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXIcO, Santa FJ, N. ]JIex., June 16, 1861. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Hdqrs. of the Army, City of iYew Yorl~ SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt on the 14th instant of special orders from the Headquarters of the Army of the 17th ultimno, directing the movements of troops, recruits, & c. The preparatory arrangements for the movement of the troops from the department are being made with as much rapidity as possible, but the scarcity of transportation (both public and private) in this country will occasion some delay. The companies at the interior posts that can be sl)ared before the volunteers are mustered into the service have already been ordered in. Those of the Fifth Infantry will be concen- trated at Albuquerque and Fort Union until transportation for th Page 36 36 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND AR1Z. [CHAP. XI. march can be provided, and those of the Seventh Infantry at Fort Fill- more. Since my report of the 11th instant * information has been received here giving greater consistency to the rumored invasion of this Terri- tory by the people of Texas, and I have in consequence taken measures to hasten as much as possible the concentration of troops at Fort Fill- more, and hope in a few days to have a sufficient force at that point to secure the interests of the United States against attack from any quarter. The headquarters of the Seventh Infantry will be temporarily established at that post, and the troops in that qnarter placed under the orders of the senior officer (Major Lynde, Seventh Infantry), with such instructions as will enable him to meet any emergency. This information applies also to the trains on their way to this country from the Missouri frontier, and I have given instructions to prepare a mounted force to move in the direction of the Arkansas lliver for the protection of these trains. If necessary I shall anticipate the orders of the War Department, by calling for a portion of the volunteers immediately, for the purpose of replacing the troops detached on this duty. The commanding officers at Fort Wise and Fort Lamed will be fur- nished with the information in relation to the anticipated movements of the Texans, in order that they may be on their guard. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. it. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry, and Bvt. Licut. Col., U. S. Army. IIEA~QUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF KEW MEXICO, June 16, 1861. Bvt. Lieut. Col. B. S. ItonEnTs, R. M. It., Commanding Port Stanton, N. ]ILex.: SIR: Information from private sources indicates the possibility of a demonstration by Texas troops against the posts and public property in or en ~oute to this (lepartinent. The particular objects of this demon- stration can of course only be conjectured, but the lieutenant-colonel commanding directs me to advise you of the facts, in order that you may be on your guard and prepared to resist attack from any quarter. He desires that you will as fully as possible keep yourself advised of any movements of the Texas troops in the direction of New Mexico, and particularly that you will take measures for watching the approach from that State by the Pecos route. This should be done as quietly as possible, and by Mexicans or friendly Indiansq if you can secure the services of men that are perfoetly reliable. With the ostensible object of trading with the Indians they would be less liable to attract obser- vation than parties of troops. In carrying out this object you are au- thorized to employ 15 or 20 Mexicans or Indians as spies and guides, & c. They will be required to furnish their own animals and arms, but will be supplied by you with subsistence and ammunition. The rate of compensation will be the same as has heretofore been authorized by department orders for similar services. It is important, of course, that no unnecessary alarm should be cre- ated among the inhabitants in the neighborhood of your post, and you will accordingly take your measures with as much secrecy as possible, and conceal the real under some other plausible object. Vol. I of this series, p. 606 Page 37 CHAr. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.~UNION. 37 The lieutenant-colonel commanding does not wish to trammel you by specific instructions, but trusts entirely to your judgment and discre- tion for the adoption of such measures as will best secure the interests of the United States and maintain the honor of its flag. I am directed also to put you on your guard against any attempts to tamper with the enlisted men of your command similar to that which is disclosed by the copy of a letter which I send herewith.. Please advise the department commander as soou as possible what effective force (volunteer) can be raised in the neighborhood of your post, and the amount of transportation that can be obtained there by l)urchase or by contract. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A, L. ANDEIlSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa FJ, N. Alex., June 16, 1861. COMMANDING OFFICER, Fort Fillmore, N~ iiiiex.: SIn: I inclose a copy of iustrlLctions to Major Lynde, Seventh 1mm- fantry, to meet a contingency of which you are already apprised, if the necessity for an immediate concentration of troops at Fort Fillmore should exist, you will, without waiting for the instructions of Major Lynde, take such measures as you may consider expedient to facilitate the movement of the troops from Fort McLane. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, F~fth infantry, A. A. A. U. [Inclosure.] HEADQUARTERS, Santa FJ, N. Alex., June 16, 1861. Maj. I. LYNDE, Seventh inf., Gomdg. Southern ]ILil. Dist. of N. illex., Fort ilicLane: SIR: Intormation from private but reliable sources indicates the pos- sibility of a demonstratiou by the people of Texas, aided perhaps by some disaffected individuals in Arizona, against the posts and property of the United States in that Territory,, and Colonel Canby (lesires that you will at once concentrate such a force at Fort Fillmore as will enable you to resist an attack from any quarter. To do this Fort McLane will at once be abandoned, and the troops and public property transferred to Fort Fillmore. The transporta- tion at both posts and any that can be hired in the neighborhood of either will be employed for this purpose. When the concentration is effected it is believed that you will have under your command a sufficient force to prevent oi! defeat any attempt of this character. If satisfied of your ability to do this, the transfer of the companies of the First Dragoons to Fort Buchanan will proceed as indicated in Special Orders, No. 85, of the 14th instant, the four companies constituting the garrison of Fort Buchanan until further orders; but if these posts should be threatened by a force which in your judgment cannot be resisted, you will take such measures for abandoning them as will best subserve the interests of the Government, transferring the troops and ~property to other posts in this or in the Department of California (Fort Yumna), as may be determined by circumstauces. it is of course important tha Page 38 38 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARlZ. [CHAr. XL both troops and property should be transferred to Fort Fillmore or other posts in this department if it can be done without endangering the loss of one or botli, but in no event will stores of any kind be allowed to fall into the hands of the invaders if it be possible to remove or destroy them. It is understood here that Mr. Grant, late a contractor for supplying the posts iu Arizona, has a train of wagons at Tucson, which may probably be hired or purchased if these movements become necessary. It is probable that Fort Bnchanan is the only post in the interior of Arizona that will be retained, and the effort to maintain that will be contingent upon the loyalty of the neighboring population. You are desired to keep yourself as fully informed as possible of the movements of the Texas troops at and below Fort Bliss, the strength of the garrisons at that post and Fort Quitman, of any re-enforcements that they may receive, and any movements that may be made in the direction of any post of New Mexico, keeping these headquarters ad- vised as frequently and as speedily as possible. The extent of the disaffection in the Mesilla Valley is not frilly known here, and probably will not be fully developed there until the civil authorities enter upon their duties. The action of the civil authorities will not be anticipated by the military authorities, but any active oppo- sition to the Government of the United States, any measures that would be likely to endanger the safety of your command, or any efforts to fur- nish assistance to Texas by raising troops or sending supplies of any kind will be quietly but effectually frustrated. Efforts have been made, and will no doubt continue to be ma(ie, to induce the men to desert, and to carry with them into Texas l)ublic property of every description, and particularly arms and ammunition. Every effort will be used to defeat these attempts, and particularly to prevent the transfer of arms and ammunition into Texas. It is stated here upon good authority that the collector of customs at Las Cruces, who is also the sutler at Fort Fillmore, has openly expressed his determination to turn over the funds of the United States in his possession to the State of Texas. It will be the duty of the military authorities to prevent this and similar thefts of public funds and prop- erty by every means that may be in their power. Colonel Canby desires that you will not consider yourself trammeled by instructions, but will do whatever in your judgment will best secure the interest of the United States aud maintain the honor of its flag, and he wishes you to feel assured that you will be supported by every means in his power. A copy of this communication will be sent to Major Paul, at Fort Fillmore, for his information, and for such action as may be necessary before your arrival at that post. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDEIISOX, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS FORT FILLMORE, NEW MEXICO, June 16, 1861. ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, fleadquarters Department New ]liliexieo, Santa ~ N. ]Ifex.: SIR: I have the honor to r~port that the bad faith of Texas in cap- turing the United States troops who were within the limits of the State, after having made a solemn agreement that they should be permitte Page 39 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 39 to leave the country unmolested; also the invasion by Texas militia of the Indian Territory, and the ocenpation by them of Forts Washita and Arbuckle, and again the expected occupation of Fort Bliss by four coni- panics of Texas militia, renders this frontier peculiarly important. In connection with the above it may be proper to state that a Conven- tion was held in Mesilla on the 16th of March, 1861, purporting to be a Convention of the people of Arizona, acting separately from the gov- eminent of the Territory of New Mexico, repudiating the United States, and attaching themselves to the Confederate States. I considered the whole transaction as a farce, and treated it with silent contempt, deter- mined, however, if they attempted to carry out any of their resolutions by resisting or interfering with any of the United States civil officers, that I would protect the latter and punish the former. Yesterday Mr. L. Labadi, the United States agent for the Indians near Tucson, showed me a paper (a copy of which is inclosed), saying that it was handed to him by Mr. Kelly, editor of the Mesilla Times, who was accompanied by three other citizens of Mvsilla, who threatened to tar and feather him if he attempted to exercise the duties of his office. I promised Mr. Labadi military protection shonid any attempt be made against his person. The paper referred to is the sixth resolution of the Convention, in which they do not recognize the United States Government, and bind them selves to resist any officer appointed by said Government with whatever means in their power. The signatures of the document are also appended to the petition to the governor of New Mexico begging him to use his influence to bave United States troops stationed in Mesilla for the l)rotection of its citizens. ~ow that their fears are allayed with reference to an alleged invasion from Mexico, they are secretly engaged in fomenting opposition to the United States, and when the four coia- l)auies of Texas militia reach Fort Bliss difficulties may be reasonably apprehended, and I therefore recommend that a stronger force be sta- tioned here to overawe any attempt on this post. Two additional com- panies would probably be sufficient. I think it proper to state that inducements are held out to our men to desert, with their horses, arms, & c., by secret agents of Texas. They are told that it is not desertion to quit the United States Army and to join the South, and that they will be paid all arrearages due them, & c. Thus far I am happy to report that there has been no discontent among the men, and the discipline of the command is perfect. They are now engaged in target practice. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. R. PAUL, Brevet Major, U. S. Army, Comdy. Post. [Inclosure.] MESILLA, 14 de Junjo de 1861. Dr. LORENZO LABADI, Las Cruces, N ]Ifex.: The sixth resolution of a Convention held in the city of Mesilla, Ariz., the 16th day of March, 1861, is as follows: Resolved, That we will not recognize the present Black Republican administration, arid that we will resist any ofilcers appointed to this Territory by said administratiou with whatever means in our power. A true copy. JAS. A. LUCAS, President of the Convention. Attest: Cu. S. A. HAPPIN, Secretary Page 40 40 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAr. XI. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F6, N. ]Iiliex., June 16, 1861. COMMANDING OFFICERS, Forts Wise and Lamed, Kans.: SIRS: It is stated here that a considerable body of Texas troops are being organized for a special service, and that one of the presumed ob- jects of this organizatiou is an attempt upon the trains now on their way to this country froni the Missouri frontier. Much of this is no doubt conjectural, but I have thought proper to advise you of it, in order that you may put those passing your post on their guard. XViIl you do me the favor to give nine any information that you may possess in relation to the trains now on the road l Very respectfully, sirs, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry and Bet. Lieat. Got., U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F~, N. Mex., June 19 1861. Bvt. Lieut. Col. WM. CHAPMAN Major Second Infantry, Comdg. Fort Union, N. Miex.: SIR: The lieutenant-colonel commanding desires that you will organ. ize a small party of spies, for the purpose of watching the road from Fort Smith to Anton Chico, and another for the purpose of watching the country east of Fort Union and south of the road to t~e crossing of the Arkansas. These parties should be composed of Mexicans or In- dians, if reliable men can be found, as under the ostensible object of trading with the Indians they will be less likely to attract observation than parties of troops. They will be required to furnish their own animals and arms, but will be furnished by you with subsistence and ammunition. The compensation will be the same as has heretofore been allowed by department orders tbr similar services. It is important that the par- ties should be organized as quietly as possible, a~d that the real object of the service should be cloaked under some plausible pretext. They should be advanced so far in both directions as to be able to give you timely information of any movements being made in the direction of the frontier or against the trains on the road. Arrangements are being made by the War Department for guarding the line of communication between the Missouri frontier and this country. The extent of these arrangements is not fully known here, but no appre- hensions are entertained except for the trains that may now be between your post and the crossing of the Arkansas. If you should apprehend any danger for them, you will, without waiting for instructions, make the best arrangements that may be in your power for their protection. If it be necessary, in order to replace any portion of your command that may be detached for this purpose, you are authorized to call into the service two or more companies of volunteers to strengthen your com- innand. These companies, if called for, will be regarded as a part of the two regiments to be raised in New Mexico, and their organization will conform to the minimum organization prescribed in War Department General Orders, No. 15, of the 4th ultimo. On the 14th instant two companies of the Fifth Infantry were ordered from Fort Fauntleroy, for the purpose of strengthening the depots a Page 41 41 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. UNION. Albuquerque and Fort Union, but it will be some time before the com- pany intended for your post can reach it, and iu the mean time the lieutenant-colonel commanding does not wish the strength of the gar- rison at Fort Union to be reduced below 200 men without calling for the volunteers. You will please report as early as possible any information that you may obtain in reference to the state of affairs in the country to the east and south of your post. Three or four Indians will be sent from this place to Lieutenant Walk- ers party, at Hatchs ranch to be used for the same purpose as those you are authorized to employ. Instructions in regard to their employ- ment similar to the above will be sent from these headquarters to Lieu- tenant Walker Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON~ & cond Lieutenant, Fifth Inf., A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, AS~anta P6, N. Mex., June 20, 1861. To the ASsISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters of the Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to submit for the consideration of the General- in-Chief the following statements and suggestions in relation to the service of this department, basing them upon the supposition that it will not only be necessary to protect the inhabitants of New Mexico from Indian hostilities, but to defend the country against invasion and to guard our communications with the Eastat least as far as the cross- ing of the Arkansas. In this view Fort Fillmore, or preferably Fort Bliss, on the south, and Forts Union and Stanton, on the east, will be important strategical points, and should be strongly garrisoned with, if possible, a large por- tion of each commandregular troops, both infantry and cavalry. Fort Garland and Fort Craig are of subordinate importance, but their garrisons should be determined by the same considerations. The prin- cipal depot (Albuquerque) should also be guarded by regular troops. Fort Fillmore, Fort Stanton, and Fort Union are at remote and ex- posed points, an(l it will not be well to trust either entirely to new aml undisciplined troops. Seven-tenths of the population and resources of the Territory and all the military supplies (in depot) are north of Fort Craig; hence the necessity ftw a strong aiid reliable garrison at that point, for the purpose of keeping open the communication with and supporting the posts in the South. Fort Garland, commanding the route to Colo- rado Territory, will be important in the event of political troubles in this country. This contingency is not anticipated, but it will not be wise to disregard it entirely. The contemplated change of the depot at Albuquerque, and the consequent abandonment of Fort Union, would remove the necessity for a separate garrison for the depot, but under existing circumstances it will not be prudent to establish it at a point where it would be exposed to the danger of being broken up by the operations of a war. To distribute the regular force left in the department at the points above indicated would leave no reserve, and would disseminate them so widely that they could not be concentrated to meet any emergency. From a full consideration of the subject, it is my opinion that one o Page 42 42 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND AIIIZ. [CHAr. XI. the infantiy regiments (Fifth or Seventh) should be retained in this coun- try at least until the volunteer regiments have attained some degree of instruction and discipline, and that some portion of this (volunteer) force sh6uld be mounted; and I have the honor to recommend that the force to be ictained in the department may be 1 re~4ment (10 com- panies) of regular infantry, 1 regiment (10 companies) of regular cay-. aIry, 2 battalions (16 companies) of foot volunteers, and 3 squadrons (6 companies) of mounted volunteers; in all, 42 companies, or an increase of 8 companies over the force authorized by the special orders of May 17, 1861. If it should be found that the volunteer force authorized for this Ter- ritory will draw too heavily upon its population, it is respectfully sug- gested that a part of it be drawii from Colorado Territory. It woul(1 be appropriate and politic to draw from that Territory the volunteers that will be needed within its limits. Many of the duties of escort, spies, sconts, & c., can be performed very efficiently by mounted volunteers, and the substitution of mounted for a portion of the foot volunteers authorized is suggested, for the purpose of relieving the regular cavalry from a part of these duties and hu~- banding their horses (which cannot be replaced in this country) as much as possible. A heavy harnessed battery (four 12-pounder guns and two 24-pounder howitzers) is greatly needed in this department. There are two 24- pounder howitzers at the depot, but I have just learimed from the inili- tary storekeeper that the carriages are unserviceable. The battem-y- wagon is also unserviceable. I have also the honor to invite the attention of the General-in-Chief to the number of officers now absent from the mounted companies to remain in this department, and to request that as many as possible may be ordered to join their companies as soon as practical)le. Lieutenant Averell, of the rifle regiment, although unfit for service in the field, may be usefully employed at one of the depots, and his services would be especially important when so many inexperienced officers are -about to be called into the service. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. Th S. CANBY, ]Ilajor Tenth Infantry, and Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, IV. ]Jie~,., June 20, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Mex.: SIR: In consequence of impending difficulties with the Comauclme Indians, and the insecurity of the trains on the road from the crossmng of the Arkansas to Fort Union, I have the honor to call for three com- panies of infantry volunteers, to aid in the protection of the eastern frontier of this Territory and guarding the trains on the routes from the Arkansas to this department. As three companies will probably fbrm an integral portion of one of the regiments to be mustered into the service of the United States from this Territory, they should be I-aise(l in conformity with regulations prescribed in General Orders, No. 15, of May 4, 1861, and until otherwise directed by the War Departmnent the organization of the companies should be the minimum prescribed b Page 43 43 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. that order. The services of these companies will be needed immediately, and it is respectPilly recommended that they be raised in San Miguel County, or as near Fort Union as possible, and be ordered to rendezvous at that post at as early a period as may be practicable. Jnstructi~ns will b~ giveh to the commanding officer at Fort Union to muster these comimnies into the service of the United States, to arm them fnlly, and to equip them, as far as the means in the department will permit. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. B. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry, & e. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MExIco, Santa P6, N. ilJiex., June 22, 1861. His Excellency Governor BENdER, Santa P6, N. Alex.: Sin: In addition to my requisition of yesterday, I have the honor to call for four companies of foot volunteers, to rendezvous at Albuquerque, N. Mex.; one company of foot an(l one of mounted volunteers, to ren- dezvous at Fort Craig; and one company of foot and one of mounted volunteers, to rendezvous at Fort Stanton; the whole to assemble at the points indicated as soon as possible, and to be mustered into the service of the United States in conformity with the regulations pre- scribed ~n War Department General Orders, No. 15, of 1861. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. B. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry, Bvt. Licut. (Jol., Comdg. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Alex., June 23, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF CHIHUAHUA, Chihuahua, N. ]Lfex.: Sin: The bearer of this communication, First Lient. Donald C. Stith, of the U. S. Army, has been commissioned by me to visit your excellency, for the purpose of asking your assistance in effecting the restoration of a train of wagons and a large quantity of stores, the property of the Government of the United States, .which were carried into the State of Chihuahua in the month of March last, by William D. Kirk, then a wagon-master in the U. S. Army. This flagrant robbery and breach of faith will be fully reprobated by your excellency, and I have the fullest confidence that you will at once, in the exercise of your powers, direct the restoration of the public property and the delivery of the robber (Kirk) into the hands of the accredited agent of the United States. Lieu- tenant Stith takes with him, for the information of your excellency, a full statement of the circumstances connected with this robbery, so that you can see at once the true history and merits of the case. He will also take inventories of the stolen property, in order that everything may be verified. When this property is restored to Lieutenant Stith I have the honor to request that your excellency will cause him to be furnished with any assistance that may be necessary to facilitate his return to this department, and if it should be needed that you will direct the train to be escorted to the frontier of Chihuahua, where an escort tom the troops of this department will meet it. I beg to assure your excellency that the action that you may take in this matter will be fully recognized and appreciated by the Government of the United States Page 44 44 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. With the assurances of my most distinguished consideration and re- spect, I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant, ED. I~. S. (DANDY, llfajor Tenth Infantry, Bvt. Lieut. Col., (Jorndg. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF N~w MEXICO, & mnta P4, N. Mex., June 23, 186L To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters of the Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: Since my report of the 16th instant the statements in relation to a contemplated invasion of th~ Territory appear to be confirmed by information received from various sources, and it is positively known that a considerable force of Texan troops is now on the maich for El Paso or that neighborhood, with the ostensible object of garrisoning Forts Quitman and Bliss. I feel assured, however, that a sufficient force will in two or three days be concentrated at Fort Fillmore to render that portion of the country entirely secure, and enable the com- manding officer to repress any revolutionary movements that may be set on foot by the people of the Mesilla Valley. I hope, too, that Major Lynde will find himself in sufficient force to reoccupy Fort Bliss and recover the I)nblic property now at that place. Two mounted companies have been ordered to report to him at Fort Fillmore as soon as practic~ble, and he has been authorized to call for volunteers if he should find it necessary. The next point in importance is Fort Union, and to enable the corn- manding officer of that post to guard the depot, protect the trains on the road, and watch the approach by the Canadian I have called npon the governor of the Territory for four companies of foot volunteers, who will rendezvous at that place in two or three days. Four companies of foot volunteers have also been called for the purpose of relieving the companies of the Fifth Infantry now at Fort Fauntleroy. They will rendezvous at Albuquerque. One company of foot and one of mounted volunteers will rendezvous at Fort Stanton, and one company of foot and one of mounted volunteers at Fort Craig, making in all ten coin- panies of foot and two of mounted volunteers. These requisitions have been made in anticipation of the orders of the War Department calling them into the service, and for the purpose of defending exposed points and facilitating the concentration of the regular troops that are to leave the department. Our Indian relations are still unsatisfactory. The Apaches of Arizona are still actively hostile, and have committed many depredations during the past month, and the Comanclies are openly at war with us. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. II. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry, and Bvt. Lient. Cot. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa Pc, N Mex June 23 1861. ., Maj. I. LYNDE, Seventh Infantry, 6~omdg. Southern District, Department of Aew Mexico, Fort Fillmore, N Miex.: SIR: The bearer of these communications, Judge John S. Watts, of this city, is thoroughly acquainted with the inhabitants of Mesilla Page 45 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. UNION. 45 IDoiia Afia County, and will be able to render you valuable assistance in organizing volunteer companies, if you should find it necessary to call for any, or in any event in which you may require his aid. His intimate knowledge of the people in that part of the country will enable him to indicate to you those upon whose fidelity you can rely, and this, at the present juncture, will be a matter of the utmost importance. I have requested him to take charge of these communications, for the reason that I do not feel assured that they would reach you if sent through the post-office, and for the same reason a triplicate of the in- structions of the 16th inst. is also sent. My own knowledge of Judge Watts and his reputation here warrant me in saying that you can rely upon him for any service in which you may require tlie assistance of an active, zealous, and faithful man. Very respectfully, major, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANBY, llJiajor Tenth Infantry, Bvt. Lient. Cot., (Jomdg. [Inclosures.] HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa ~ iN. Alex., June 23, 1861. Maj. ISAAC LYNDE, Seventh Infantry, Gomdg. Southern District, Department of iNew Mexico, Fort Fillmore, N. ]Jlex.: Sin: I am instructed to say that your communication of the 14th in- stant and Major Pauls report of the 116th instant, in relation to affairs in the Mesilla Valley, have been received. The orders and instructions heretofore given you anticipate the recommendations made by Major Paul and yourselt Duplicates of these orders and instructions will be sent herewith. I am instructed to state, for your information, that your command will be re-enforced by two mounted companies: one from Fort Craig and one from Fort Stanton. A requisition has been made upon the governor for volunteers to strengthen the garrisons at Forts Stanton and Craig, and keep open the communication between these posts and Fort Fillmore. You are authorized, if you should consider it necessary, to call into the service of the United States two or more companies of volunteers from the neighborhood of your post. Three hundred rifles and muskets and 12,000 cartridges will also be sent for the purpose of arming any volunteers that you call for. Twenty- thousand rations of subsistence have been ordered from the depot at Albuquerque for the use of your force. Assistant Surgeon Alden will be ordered to report to you for duty with your command. You are requested to transmit, at as early a period as possible, your requisitions for any supplies that may be needed for your command, basing them upon the supposition that there will not be less than 2,000 men to be provided for, in order that arrange- ments may be made for filling them as rapidly and as fully as possible. It is impossible, at this distance, and with the imperfect knowledge of passing events in your neighborhood, to give you definite instructions, but the lieutenant-colonel commanding relies upon your zeal and judg. ment to give the greatest effect for defense or for offense to the means that will be under your control. The present strength of Fort Bliss and the period of the expected arrival of the re-enforcements from Texas are not known here, but it is scarcely necessary to suggest to you that the frontier in charge could be more permanently secured from invasion by the seizure of that post and the property of the United States no Page 46 46 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. there than by any other course and before the re-enforcements have ar- rived. You must judge whether the means under your control will be sufficient to accomplish this object without hazard to the more impor- tant object of maintaining your position at Fort Fillmore. It is represented that there are many loyal men in the Mesilla Valley who would really volunteer their services, and as the organization of volunteer companies in their midst would tend greatly to paralyze the disaffected, this course is suggested in calling for any volunteers you may consider necessary. The promotion of Major Paul to the Eighth Infantry has been received here, but as his services will be necessary in organizing and mustering volunteers into the service of the United States, you .are authorized to retain him for the present, and will please give the same directions at other posts within your district where the immediate change would leave a company without an officer or occasion other serious embarrassments to the service. Very respectfully, sir, & c., A. L. ANDEIISON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth infantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMRNT o~ NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Mew., June 25, 1861. Capt. R. M. MORRIS, Commanding Officer, Fort Craig, N. Mew.: SIR: For the purpose of strengthening your post and enabling you to furnish escorts of sufficient strength for public property that may be sent to Fort Fillmore and other posts in the South, a requisition has been made upon the governor of the Territory for one company of mounted and one company of foot volunteers, to be mustered into the service of the United States at Fort Craig. Mr. Robert II. Stapleton, who lives near your post, will be authorized by the governor to raise the mounted company. Col. M. E. Pino, ap- pointed by the President to the command of the Second Regiment of iNew Mexican Volunteers, will designate the foot company. The mounted company will be mustered into the service as an independent company aud for the period of three months. The foot company will be one of the companies of the Second Regiment, and will be mustered in for three years, unless sooner discharged. The organization in both cases will be the minimum prescribed by General Orders (War Department), No. 15, of 1861. You are charged with the duty of organizing, inspect- ing, and mustering these companies into the service, and you will be governed in this duty by the instructions of the War Department of June 12, 1848, as modified by General Orders (War Department), Nos. 15 and 25, of 1861, and the General Regulations of 1857. It is supposed that a copy of the instructions above referred to will be found with your company records. For fear that it should not, ex- tracts that relate to the muster into the service will be sent to you. The General Orders, Nos. 15 and 25, are inclosed herewith. There are no blank muster rolls on hand, and it will be necessary to muster on manuscript rolls. A form is sent herewith. The oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States must be taken by all who enter the service, and the refusal to take it will be an absolute cause of rejec- tion. The oath of the commissioned officers of the company will be attested by a civil magistrate and sent to this office by the musterin Page 47 CuAr. XII CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 47 officer. To the non-commissioned officers and men it will be admin- istered as prescribed by the instructions of 1848, paragraph 104. As soon as mustered, these companies will be armed and equipped for immediate service. Arms, am munition, and camp and garrison equipage will be issued upon requisitions approved by you, but no clothing will be issued without farther orders. If you have not on hand a sufficiency of camp equipage (tents, axes, spades, camp-kettles, and mess pans), you will make your requisitions upon the department quar- termaster at Albuquerque, who will be instructed to fill them without reference to department headquarters. The mounted company will be armed with rifles and the foot com- pany with muskets. The arms for this purpose and the necessary am- munition have been ordered to be sent you from the depot at Fort Union. If they should not reach you in season, you can probably obtain for temporary nse the arms in the possession of the volunteers in the neighborhood of your post, to be returned when the regular supply is received. A list of these will be sent to you herewith. The action of the State of Texas and of the people of the Mesilla Valley make it necessary that youi post should be strengthened, so as to enable you to keep open the communication with the posts in the South. Your own company, the company (F) of the Seventh Infaiitry, and the two companies of volunteers will probably be sufficient for this purpose. Your views in relation to this are invited, bearing in mind that strong escorts will be required for all trains going South, and that it is known privately that a movement against New Mexico is being organized at Fort Bliss, and, if not frustrated, will take place soon after the Texan troops reach that post. They are expected about the first of next month. By direction of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Canby: Very respectfully, & c., A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, E~fth Lfantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa FJ, N. ]Jfex., June 25, 1861. Bvt. Maj. N. B. HOSSELL E~fth Nfantry, Goiirnanding Albuquerque: Sm: A requisition has been made upon the governor of New Mexico for four companies of foot volunteers, ~to rendezvous at Albuquerque, where they will be mustered into the service of the United States, and sent, as soon as they are armed and equipped, to relieve the companies of the Fifth Infantry at Fort Fauntleroy. Col. M. E. Pino, appointed by the President to the command of the Second Regiment of New Mexican Volunteers, will designate the companies that are to assemble at Albu- querque. These companies will form part of the Second Regiment, and they will be mustered into the service for the period of three years, un- less sooner discharged, and the organization will be the minimum pre- scribed by General Orders (War Department), No 15, of 1861.* * * * * * * * By direction of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Canby: Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infaniry, A. A. A. G~ *Details omitted Page 48 48 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARJZ. [CHAP XI. HEADQUARTERS DEPALTMENT OF NEW M~xico, Santa FJ, Y. ilfcx. June ~6 Bvt. Lieut. (Jol. B. S. ROBERTS, 1861. Mounted Etfies, Commanding Fort Stanton: SIR: For the purpose of strengthening your post and enabling you to watch the approach to this Territory by the Pecos route, a requisi- tion has been made upon the governor of the TerritQry for one company of mounted and one company of foot volunteers, to be mustered into the service of the United States at Fort Stanton. The governor of the Territory will appoint the commander of the mounted company, aiid Col. M. E. Pino, appointed by the President to the command of the Second Regiment of New Mexican Volunteers, will designate the foot company. Both will be ordered to report to you at the earliest practi- cable moment. The mounted company will be mustered into the service as an independent company, and for the period of three months. The foot company will be one of the companies of the Second Regiment, and will be mustered into the service for the period of three years, hnless sooner discharged. The organization in both cases will be the minimum prescribed by General Orders (War Department), No. 15, of 1861: * * * * * * * Very respectfully, sir, you obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO. Santa FJ, N. Hex., June 29, 1861. Bvt. Lieut. Col. WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Major Second Infantry, Commanding Fort Union: COLONEL: I am directed by the lieutenant-colonel commanding to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 26th instant. He considers Lieutenant Claflins report t as very interesting, and the result of his operations very satisfactory, as it will no doubt lead to the break- ing up of the band of robbers that have infested that part of the country. If the Comanche women cannot be made useful in furnishing informa- tion, they will be released and permitted to return to their tribe. You will please tell them to say to the Comanche chiefs that the Government of the United States has no wish to make war upon the Comanches, but that a large force is now being collected, and will be sent into their country to punish them if they fail to keep the promises they made at Abamo Guras. The form for the muster roll will be sent by the mail. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa FJ, Y. Mew., June 30, 1861. COMMANDING OFFICER, Fort Union, N. ]Jliex.: SIR: I am instructed, by the lieutenant-colonel commanding to say that, as the companies of New Mexican volunteers to be mustered into the service at Fort Union are equipped, you will organize a command of at Details omitted. Not found Page 49 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 49 least 100 mounted men and two companies of New Mexican volunteers, the whole to be under the command of CaptaIn Duncan, Mounted Rifles, for the protection of the trains on the road from the crossing of the Arkansas to Fort Union. The command will move as lightly equipped as possible, and will take with it rations for thirty days. A.s the service will be l)erforuled on or near the road, wagon transportation will be used, but a few fresh mules should be taken to meet the contingency of tem- porary detachments if it should be necessary to make any. A party of ten 51)ies and guides will be attached to the command, and l)articular care should be taken in selecting them. You will please in(licate to Captain Duncan that the lieutenant-colonel commanding trusts entirely to his discretion for the protection of the trains, and that he will take such measures as may, in his judgment, be most necessary to accomplish this object. lie thinks proper, however, to suggest that the command should be kept as compact as possible; that no detachments should be made if it is possible to avoid it, amid the country in his front amid flank should be thoroughly searched by the spies ttached to his command. The commanding officer at Fort Lamed has been requested to advise trains passing that post to keep up the Arkansas and come into New Mexico by the Ilaton route. Captain Duncan will be relieved in season to return to Fort Union at the expiration of thirty days for which provisioned, if it should be found necessary to keep out a commnand for a longer period. It has been found necessary to send the company of the Fifth Infantry in- tended for Fort Union to Fort Stanton, and a company of the Tenth Infantry imas been ordered to report to you in its place. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDEIISON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F6, N. ]JIex., June 30, 1861. COMMANDING- OFFICER, Fort Buchanan, N. JIIex.: Sin: I inclose an extract from special orders directing the abandon- ment of Fort Buchanan, which should be done with as little delay as is consistent with the proper disposition of the property at your post amid other interest in your charge. If the abandonment of Fort Buchanan has not yet been completed, it will be hastened as much as possible. The command will move in one body, if it be l)O55iblC to procure the necessary transportation for the whole command, and prepared to resist attack from any quarter. Your artillery may possibly be needed, and should be put in a condition for service. If there should be any loyal citizens in the neighborhood of your post that wish to occupy the im- provements that lmave been made at Fort Buchanan, you are authorized to turn it over to them. At this distance, and under the circumstances, no special instructions can be given to you, but you will exercise your own judgment in carrying out this object in the manner that will best subserve the interests of the Unmted States. This communication will be sent to you by express from Fort Craig, and you will please advise the commnandin g officer of the receipt by the return of the expressman. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth infantry, A. A. A. U. 4 R RYOL I Page 50 50 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [(HAP. XI. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa IY, N. Mex., June 30, 1861. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters of the Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: Since my report of the 23d instant positive information has been received of the contemplated movements of the Texans against the interests of the Government in this Territory. This was natnially to have been expected, and measnrcs were taken at an early period after Colo- nel Loring left this place to concentrate a sufficient force at Fort Fill- more to defeat any measures of this kind and to cover the movements that would be necessary in withdrawing the troops from the interior of Arizona. Several resigned officers who have left the Territory through Texas have aided and counseled in these contemplated movements, and my information implicates one or more who have not yet left the depart- ment. The commanders interested have been warned, and if the mis- chief has not already been accomplished it will be prevented. Major Pauls report of the 22d instant undoubtedly chronicles one of a series of robberies that have for some time becit in contemplation, and I cannot comprehend how the oflicers at Fort Fillmore can still i)lace any faith in the protestations and disclaimers of the Texan authorities at Fort Bliss. It is notorious that for two months past they have been tampering with the enlisted men at the posts in the South and offering them large bribes to induce them to desert. Indian depredations still continue; one near Socorro of some niagni- tude. The others are generally of but little importance. Several proved upon investigation to have been committed by citizens, several of xvhom have been caught by the troops and are now in jail at this place. The most assailable point in this department is the approach from Arkansas and Texas by the Canadian, and rumors indicate the proba- bility of an invasion from that quarter. If it should be made in large force, serious difficulties may be apprehended, as the Mexican population will not furnish, for some time at least, a reliable force to resist invasion. To meet this possibility I am hastening as much as I can the organiza- tion of the volunteers called for, in order to concentrate as large a force of regulars as possible. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, El). li. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry and Bvt. Lient. Col., Comdg. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N Alex., June 30, 1861. Maj. I. LYNDE, Seventh Infantry, Comdg. hO mthern District New Mexico: SIR: Major Pauls communication of the 22d instant, reporting the loss of 41 horses, of Company A, Mounted miles, and other communi- cations from Fort Bliss in relation to the same subject, have been re- ceived, and I am instructed to say there is sufficient evidence Imere to show conclusively that this robbery was not the unauthorized act of a band of robbers but was planned at flarts Mill as early as the 10th or 12th of this month, and is only one of a series that will be undertaken if prompt measures are not taken to defeat them. The horses Were stolen for the purpose of mounting one of the companies of Texas troops now on their way to Fort Bliss. The reward offered by Magoffin an Page 51 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 51 the disclaimers of the Texan authorities are mere blinds, to throw you off yonr guard and keep the troops inactive nntil Fort Bliss is re-en- forced. When this object is secured there will be demonstrations against your post, the trains that supply it, or against Fort Stanton. The movements of the Texans at Fort Bliss have been watched, and although the precise object and the details of their contemplated move- ments cannot be ascertained, it is positively knowmi that movements against New Mexico are on foot; that officers who recently left the coun- try by that route have aided an(1 counseled in the l)lans, and it is alleged that others still in the service are implicated in these transactions. There is no doubt that these movements will be undertaken the moment that the instigators feel assured of a probability of success. The lead- ing secessionists in Mesilla are apprised of these plans, and to the extent of their ability will assist in carrying them out. The State of Texas is avowedly qt war with the Government of the United States. The character of the enemy you have to deal with has been fully exhibited in the iast few mouths, and they now expect to be able in a fe v days to carry the xx ir nto ~ew Mexico. It is hoped that before this time you have i suffic cut force nuder your control to niake them feel that the war is not to l)( entirely upon one side. The surplus horses at ii ort Crag will be sent down as soon as possi- ble to Fort Fillmore for the Pliij)O e of remounting a part of Company A, but it will be very difficult to procure a sufficient number in the (le- partm cut to remount the whole company. As many as can ix~ proctired will Le sent. Orders have been sent direct to-day for the abandonment of Fort Buchanan; the garrison to report to you at Fort Fillmore as soon as possible. The lieutenant-colonel commanding directs me to repeat his assurance that you will be supported in any mne-~snres that you may undeitake by all the means that he can control, and that there is no intention of with- drawing any portion of the regular force under youm- command until the aff~tirs within the limits of your command are placed upon a satist~c- tory footing. He desires that you will keep him fully advised of mat- ters that transpire in your neighborhood, and that you will keep the commanding officer at Fort Stanton advised of any matters that may affect his post. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDET~SON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Ir~fttntry, A. A. A. G. hEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, & nta F~, N. Mex., July 1, 1861. COMMANDLN~ OFFICER, Fort Stanton, N. Mex.: SIR: I am instructed by the lieutenant-colonel commanding to ac- knowledge the receipt of your communication of the 24th ultimo, and to say in reply to your application for re-enforcements that one company of the Fifth Infantry from Albuquerque has been ordered to procee(l at once to your post; that a requisition has been made upon the governor of the Territory for additional companies of volunteers, one of which will be sent to you as soon as it can be organized, and that a company of your regiment will be ordered from Fort Union to report to you as soon as a company of mounted volunteers can be organized for service at that post Page 52 [CHAP. XI. 52 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX, AND ARIZ. More definite information from Texas indicates that the people iii the neighborhood of Fort Bliss will not be in a condition to make important demonstrations against New Mexico before the arrival of the Texan troops at that 1)ost. These troops are not expected before the 10th of this month. It is believed that if any demonstrations are made before that time they will be confined to marauding expeditions, for the l)tWPOSC of stealing your horses or disabling your command by driving off your means of transportation. It is known that movements of this kind are in contemplation, and will be undertaken as soon as the instigators find themselves sufficiently strong to hope for success, and it is b& lieved that Fort Stanton is one of the points at which they will be aimed. The lieutenant-colonel commanding therefore desires that you will at once put your post in the best condition for defense that it is capable of, and that every arrangement that your experience and judgment may su~est should be brought into requisition. It is to be hoped that you may be able to pacify the Apaches without the ncessity of making war upon them, as any difficulty of this kind would be productive of great embar- rassnient, and at all events they will be of subordinate importance nntil the arrangements for resisting invasion are complete. It is not intended to withdraw any of the means of transportation at your post. The ob- ject of the inquiry was to ascertain the amount of transportation that could be l)rocured in the neighborhood of your post for general purposes. if von should find it necessary before the arrival of the volunteers referred to in my communication of the 26th ultimo, you are authorized to muster into the service any volunteers that can be obtained in the neighboring country. Nothing has yet been heard from Colonel Pino, or of the company of mounted volunteers called for your post. It is hoped, however, that they will soon arrive there. The operations of Lieutenant Ilowland were executed with such judgment and energy as to entitle his conunand and himself to warm commendation. You are regarded as the coin- manding officer of the mile Regiment, but considerations enumerated in my communication of the 22d instant render it advisable to deter the transfer of the headquarters at present. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, ,S1econd Lieutenant, FUth Infantry, A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. ilIex., July 1, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. ilfex.: SIR: I have tbe honor to call for two companies of foot and two of mounted volunteers, to be mustered into the service of the United States in conformity with the regulations of the War Department, as pre- scribed in General Orders, No. 15, of 1861. If more convenient, one company of the foot and one of the mounted volunteers may be mus- tered into service at this l)lace. The other two companies will rendez- vous at Albuquerque. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. II. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry and Bvt. Lient. Cot., Commanding Page 53 ChAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 53 WASHINGTON, D. C., July 3, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War: SIR: The President informed me last evening that you had completed your report, and advised me to call on you in reference to the troops about to be raised in New Mexico. Advices from Governor Stanton and Judge Watts urge the impor- tance of having three regiments, two of them to be mounted, and, in view of threatened aggressions in the northern as well as the southern l)ortion of the Territory by the domestic foe, immediate action in the l)remises is deemed absolutely necessary. I have seen Adjutant-General Thomas, and he concedes the propriety of having some cavalry, and is willing to recommend the addiion of one regiment of mounted mcii to the two regiments already authorized but. it is almost unanimously agreed by officers of the Army and civil- ians who are acquainted with the character of the country, its wants, its population, and the existing emergency, that there should be at least three regiments, and that a majority of them should be cavalry. Every man will furnish his own horse for the mounted service, and thus a heavy preliminary expenditure will be avoided by the Govern- ment. Major-General Fr~mont and Colonel Blair, whom I had the honor of meeting at the Presidents, fully concur in the opinion that infantry troops are not well adapted to active service in the field in New Mexico, and the experience of those gentlemen in the country in question in- vests their opinions with the weight of high authority. The zeal I have manifested imi this matter is prompted by no interest beyommd that which every patriot should feel in his devotion to the integrity, the honor, and the flag of his country. If you would most effeetnally strengthen the Government Qf the United States, physically and niorally, in that recently conquered and imperfectly loyalized region of our conutry; if you would plant most deeply in the soil of New Mexico and in the hearts of her people the staff from which floats the flag of the free, you must show the good faith of giving them ample protection, alike against the marauding savage and the rebellious domestic foe. Earnestly hoping, my dear sir, that you may find it consistent with your sense of public duty and congenial with your well-known patriotism to give us time three regiments, two of them cavalry, and that in view of the exigencies you may imumediately give the order to that effect, I have the honor to be; your obedient servant, PEIIRY E. BIIOCCHUS. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa E~, N. ]JIex., July 6, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF COLORADO TERRITORY, Denver City, Gob.: SIR: The increasing hostilities of the Indians in New Mexico will render it iimexpedient to divert any poltion of the volunteer force au- thorized for timis department for the purpose of garrisoning Fort Gar- land. As this post is within time limnits of Colorado Territory, II have the hommor to request that you will cause two companies of immfantiy volunteers to be enrolled and sent to that post, to be mustered into the service of the United States at as early a period as possible. Th Page 54 54 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. ICHAP. Xl. organization of these companies should conform to that prescribed by the regulations of the War Department of 1861.* * * * * * * The commanding officer at Fort Garland will be inst ructed to muster these comnpanies into the service, and the arms and camp and garrison equipage necessary to equip them for service will immediately be sent to that post. No clothing can be issued at present, and the volunteers should be provided in this respect for at least three months. Most respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry and Bvt. Lient. Gol., U. S. Army, Comdg. CIRCULAR.] IIDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F~, N. ALex., July 6, 1861. The reclamation of persons who have been enrolled in the volunteer companies mustered into the service of the United States will no doubt be raised at your post; and I am instructed to state for your informna- tion that no discharge for this cause will be ordered at department headquarters; consequently, that the only resource of the persons claiming such service will be by the writ of habeas corpus from the United States courts in the Territory. The local courts of the Territory have no jurisdiction, and their writs will not be respected. ]3y order of Bvt. Lieut. Col. E. 11. 5. Canby: A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F4 N. ALex., July 7, 1861. AssIsTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters of the Army: SIR: No information, except the special orders of May 17, has yet been received in relation to the volunteers to be called into the service in this department, and as the organization of the regiments cannot be 1)ostponed without delaying the concentration of the regular troops or hazarding important interests, I have informed the governor of the Ter- ritory that, in addition to the requisitions that have already beemi ma(Ie, I would at once accept and muster into service the comnpanies that are required to complete the organization of Colonels St. Vrams and Pinos regim cuts. tf lie organization of the companies already called for progresses very slowly, and I entertain such serious doubts of the ability of the Terri- tory to furnish all, that I have made a requisition on the governor of Colorado Territory for two companies of infantry for the garrison of Fort Garland. The state of affiuirs at the South and the increasing In- dian hostilities will render it inexpedient to detach any of the force now in this section. Fort Bliss has been re-enforced by four companies of Texas troops. The movements of these troops have no doubt been hastened for a special purpose, in connection with enterprises against this department. Colonel Loring left the department on the 23d instant, but I h~ d pre- viously, for reasons that have already been assigned, exercised the comn- mand of the department without reference to him. There is reason to * Details ornittej Page 55 CHAP. XI] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 55 fear that his influence, coupled with other causes, may have been pro- ductive of evil in that quarter, but I hope that a sufficient force was concentrated at Fort Fillmore in season to counteract the designs of the Texans upon that post. Major Lynde, with a portion of the command from Fort McLane, was expected on the 5th instant, and I think that there are by this time eight or ten companies at that post, which will be s~mfficient, I think, to resist the threateued invasion, and give time and cover for any movements that may be necessary to protect the interests of the United States in that quarter. A command of about 300 men, regulars and volunteers, will be de- tached from Fort Union for the protection of the trains coming into this country from the Missouri frontier. This force will be sufficient to se- cure them against the attacks of Indians or marauding parties, but not against a large organized force from the frontiers of Arkansas or Texas. The inclosed papers will give the General-in-Chief some idea of the state of afihirs in the South, but I hope that the measures that have been taken and are in progress will be sufficient to defeat these designs. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANI3Y, ]Jfajor Tenth Infantry and Bvt. Jieut. Col., Comdg. Dept. [Inclosures.] HARTS MILL, EL PAso, TEx., June 12, 1861. Col. W. W. LORING-: M~ DEAR LORINO-: We are at last under the glorious banner of the Confederate States of America. It was indeed a glorion~ sensation of protection, hope, and pride. Though its folds were modest and unpre- tending, the emblem was still there. The very Southern verdure and familiar foliage, as we progressed on our journey, filled us with enthu- siasm and home feeling. We shall have no trouble from here down to San Antonio. The stage runs regularly semi-weekly, carrying five passengers and a reasonable amount of baggage, reaching San Antonio in six days; thence to Ber- wick Bay in stages, and to ~ ew Orleans by rail. Van Dorn is in command at San Antonio. He has ordered four com- panies of Texas troops to garrison this post. They cannot be expected to reach here, however, before the 1st proximo. Meanwhile, Colonel Magoffin, Judge Hart, and Crosby are very much exercised and con- cerned on account of the public stores here in their present unguarded condition. There are full supplies of subsistence and ammunition here for two or more companies for twelve months.. The loss of these supplies by cap- ture or destruction would occasion serious embarrassment to the cause. The gentlemen I have namned have applied to me for advice in the premises. I have promised to hasten on from below by forced marches the cavalry force en route here. Meanwhile you may, by delaying your own departure a week or two, add much to the security of this property. I regret now more than ever the sickly sentimentality (I can call it by no other name) by which I was overruled in my desire to bring my whole command with inc. I am satisfied now of the disafibetion of the best of the rank and file in New Mexico, and that we are reg~irded as having betrayed and deserted them. I wish I had my part to play over again; no such peace scruples should deter me from doing what I con- sidered a bounden duty to umy friends and my cause. I do not advo- cate the meeting of duplicity and dishonesty by the like weapons, ba Page 56 66 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND APLIZ. [CHAP. XI. if I capture the treasnry buildings I shall certainly not send back to my enemy the golden bricks. Should you be relieved from command too soon to prevent an attempt on the part of your successor to recapture, by a coup de main, the prop- erty here, send a notice by extraordinary express to Judge Hart. Your seat in the stage may at the same time be engaged. Movements are in contemplation from this direction which I a.m not at liberty to disclose. You will arrive here in time for everything and to hear evervthino IRhett, I fear, has shamefully betrayed his money trust. My love to those who love me. Faithfully, yours, II. II. SIBLEY. LA MESILLA N. MEX., June 23 1861. Hon. JoHN S. WATTS: SIR: I caine up here two days ago hoping to meet yon. I assure you that I find matters here in a most deplorable condition. A (lis- union flag is now flying from the house in which I write, and this coun- try is now as much in the possession of the enemy as Charleston is. All the officers at Fort Fillmore, except two, are avowedly with the South, and are only holding on to their commissions in order to embar- rass our Government, and at the proper time to turn over everything to the South, after the manner of General Twiggs. The Mesilla Times is btitterly disunion, and threatens with death any oue who refuses to acknowledge this usurpation. There is, however, a latent Union senti- ment here, especially among the Mexicans, but they are effectually overawed. Give them something to rally to, and let them know that they have a Government worthy of their support, and they will teach their would-be masters a lesson. The soldiers also, in defiance of the teaching of their officers and the offer of gold from Hart, are yet faith- ful, and if a second lieutenant were to ask them to folloxv him, they would tear down this flag and throw the Times office into the river in one hour. Fifty of them could now go to Fort Bliss and bring up all the Government stores from that place, but instead of this a few thieves came up from El Paso a few days ago and stole 40 of the horses belong- ing to the mounted company at Fillmore. No effort was made to re- take these horses, although the soldiers plead with their officers to allow them to follow the thieves. If Colonel Roberts, from Stanton, or any other faithful officer, would come here and take command, all would be right in three days. About 300 Texas troops are expected at Fort Bliss in about two weeks from this time, and if something is not done before that time Fort Fillmore will be surrendered. I have yet faith that this will he prevented. The only reason why I do not go immediately to Santa F6 is that I think I can be of some service to you here when you come to hold your court, and I claim it as my right to take part in the fight here, if fight it must be. I go to El Paso to-morrow, but will return in ~ few days to await coming events. I hope to find a letter from you at El Paso. I have nothing late from the States or from my brother. Hoping that you will excuse my great haste, I am, v cry respectfully, NV. W. MILLS. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OP NEW MExIco, Santa IY, N. Alex., June 21, 1861. Maj. I. LYT~DE, Seren th Infantry, Commancl~rtg Port Fillmore: SIR: Information has been received here that some movement is in contemplation from Fort Bliss against the interests of the Governmen Page 57 CH~& P. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. 57 in this Territory, at the head of which are Magoffin, Hart, and Crosby. Sibley is also said to be associated with them. It is alleged that Colo- nel Loring is in communication with these parties, and that he will re- main in the department long enough to prevent any measures. being taken to frustrate these designs. When Colonel Loring left this place every officer here had implicit confidence in his integrity, but I am sorry to say that some information received since he left has shaken that con- fidence. It is a long step from confidence to absolute distrust, but it is necessary that you should be on your guard against any betrayal of the honor or interests of the United States. I send this communication by Dr. Alden. In haste, very respectftilly, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. CANI3Y, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Tenth Infantry, Comdy. Dept. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Sctnta F6, N. Alex., June 8(), 1861. Maj. I. LYNDE, Seventh infi., Coindy. Fort Fillmore, N Alex.: Sin: I had occasion on the 24th instant to put you on your guard against the alleged complicity of Colonel Loring in the treasonable de- signs of the Texas authorities at Fort Bliss. I now send a copy of one and extracts from another letter sent to me after the arrival of the mail yesterday, which fully confirm all the information I had previously re- ceived. Although Colonel Loring was still in the department, I have not hesitated, since this information was communicated to me, to exer- cise the command and to give any orders or to take any measures that I considered necessary to protect the honor or the interests of the Gov- erum ent. Sibleys letter shows the Texas authorities at Fort Bliss count upon Colonel Lorings aid in furthering their plans, and indicates the manner (by delaying his departure) in which this aid is to be rendered. Colonel Lorings resignation was tendered on the 13th of last month, and has (loubtiess long since been accepted; but tiPs is not material for any failure to act at once, or any hesitancy in acting, mna.y be in the highest degree disastrous. In this disc, th en, as in all similar cases that may occur, you will at once arrest the implic ted parties, and hold them securely until their guilt or innocence can be determined by the proper tribunals. No considerations of delicacy or of regard must be permitted to interfere when the honor of the country and the safety of your coin- mand are involved. I send these communications by Lieutenant Hall, Tenth Infantry. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. .CANBY, ifrevet Lieutenant-Colonel, U. S. Army, Comdy. Dept. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F6, N. Alex., July 7, 1861. Maj. I. LYNDE, Seventh 14, Comdg. Southern Miil. Dist., Fort Fillmore, N. ALex.: MAJOR : In the organization of the volunteer companies in this part of the department I have endeavored to secure at least one American who could be relied upon among the commissioned officers of cacTi com- pany. It is desirable that the same principle should be observed in organizing the companies that you may call for in your neighborhood Page 58 58 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. The names of the commissioned officers should be sent to this office, in order that they may be reported to the governor of the Territory for commissions. Dr. Steck, Mr. Labaidine, a Mr. Mills have been sug gested to me as suitable persons for these positions. It will be advisa- ble that the companies now organized by you should be mustered in for the period of three months. Such of them as desire it may hereafter be mnstered in for the period of three years. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY 3Ic~j. Tenth U. S. Jnf., Bvt. Lient. Cot., U. S. A., Comdg. Dept. FORT FILLMORE, N. MEX., July 7, 1861. Col. E. Th S. CANBY, Commanding Department, Santa P6, N. ]iifex.: COLONEL: I received your dispatches yesterday by Lieutenant Hall, and was very much astonished to receive such proofs of treachery against Colonel Loring. I had always believed him to be a mati of the most unflinching honor and integrity. I was not so much disappointed in Major Sibley. I think the extracts inclosed do great injustice to the officers at this post. I fully believe that every officer at this post will do their whole duty as long as they retain their commissions in our Army, though some may intend to resign soon. I believe that if the post had been attacked before my arrival, Captain Garland would have fought with his command to the last extremity. This fort is very badly situated for defense. It is placed in a basin, surroun(led by sand hills, at least half the circumference of the cirele and they are covered by a dense growth of chaparral. These san(l hills completely command the post, and render it indefensible against a force supplied with artillery. A force of a thousand men could approach it within 500 yards under perfect cover. As yet I have not been able to make myself acquainted with the sur- roundino- localities, but I am now of the opinion that if Texas should make a strong effort to overcome Arizona, it would be policy to witil- draw our force beyond the Jornada to Fort Craig, as I do not think this post or the valley worth the exertion to hold it. If no more troops reach Fort Bliss I do not think they will attempt any aggressive move- urent against this Territory other than theft or robbery, yet I shall be on my guard at all times. I shall make an effort to raise a company of volunteers, but am not able to say with what success. I presume you are iuf~rmed before this of the departure of Colonel Loriug prior to my arrival. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. LYNDE, Major Seventh Infantry. P. S.From what I have just learned, I think I can raise one or two companies of volunteers, and they are the kind of troops I want to act as spies. HEADQUARTERS SOUTHERN DIsTRICT, Port Fillmore, N ALex., July 7, 1861. Col. E. II. S. CANnY, E1ommandiug Department New ]liexieo, Santa P6, N. ALex.: SIR: I have the honor to report that I arrived at this post on the 4th instant with the regimental staff, band, and Company E, Seventh in Page 59 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 59 fantry, and found that no demonstration from Texas had been made on this post. The remaining companies of the Fort MeLane command, viz, B and I, Seventh Infantry, will be here to-day. I shall then have very little fear of the result of any attack that will be likely to be made from Texas. From the best information that.I can obtain, there are four com- pam~les of Texas troops at Fort Bliss, with two 1S-poun(lers an(l four or more small gulls. It is ,stated that they are fortifying for their own defense. It is probable that there are two companies now at Fort Stan- ton. With the force that I shall have at this post in a few days I do not think that the enemy will attempt to attack us, but if they do, I think we shall give them a warm reception. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant I. LYNDE, ]Iicgor kS~ereuth infantry, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXiCO, & ~nta P~ N. Alex., July 11, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, head quarters of the Army, Washington, D. C.: Sin: I have the honor to report that there has been no material change in the state of affairs in this department since nmy report of the 7th instant. The garrison of Fort Fillmore has been increased to seven companies of infantry and two of rifles, relieving the anxiety that had previously been felt for the security of that post. Under cover of this force the troops and public property in the interior of Arizona are now being withdrawn. Arrangements are being made as rapidly as possible for the withdrawal of the regular troops and disposition of public property, as required by the special orders (Headquarters of the Army) of May 17 and June 12, 1861. The organization of the volnnteer regiments, particularly the Second (Colonel Pinos), progresses very slowly. Our relations with the Comanche Indians and the Fort Stanton Apaches are more satisfactory than they were at the date of my last report. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY, Major Tenth infcntry and Bvt. Licut. Col., Comdg. FORT BLISS, TEx., July 20, 1861. Lient. A. L. ANDERSON, A. A. A. G., i)epartment of New Mexico, Santa P6, N. ALex.: SIR: I have the honor to report, for the information of the command- ing officer of the Department of New Mexico, the circumstances con- nected with my arrest and being brought to this place. While on my way to Chihuahua, in pursuance of instructions from the department, having proceeded as tar as I mile beyond the town of Guadalupe, Mexicowhich place is about 40 miles distant from the town of El Paso, Mexicoand while encamped, a party of men from 12 to 15 in number came up; and one, representing himself to be Lieutenant Adams told me he had orders to arrest me and take me to Fort Bliss. I asked hini by what authority he did so. lie replied, By authority of the Southern Confederacy. I told him I did not recognize any such power, and that it was a violation of the law of nationsmy [1] bein Page 60 60 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. on the soil of a foreign power. Tie replied that he was acting tinder the orders of his commanding officer, Colonel Baylor. As I had not sufficient force to resist him, I obeyed the order tinder protest, and was brought to this place, together with those who had ac- companied inc the whole way from Fort Fillmore whi the morning of the 18th instant. cli we reache(l oil I was brought intQ the presence of Colonel Baylor, who told ne that I was a l)risoner of war. I tol(i him in substance the same I did Lieu- tenant Adams, saying that I acknowledged no such power as the South- em Confederacy, and that it was a violation of the soil of ilexico. He replied that he had not given any orders for my arrest, but that as loncr as I ha(1 been brought to the garrison, lie (11(1 not see fit to release me; he, however, acknowledged that his command had exceeded their au- thority in arresting inc on the soil of Mexico. He then offered inc a parole, which I signed, the only alternative being close confinement. I have given the full particulars of the matter, with my regret that my mission has been so abruptly terminate(l. I beg leave to state that 1 have been treated by Colonel Baylor and his officers with the utmost kindness and consideration. I remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ft C. STITTI, Ftr8t Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, U~ S. Army. HEADQUARTERS SOUTHERN DISTRICT NEW MEXICO, Fort Fillmore, N. Mex., July 21, 1861. To the ACTING- ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Ildqrs. Dept. of New ilfexico, Sc uta P6, N. Ifex.: SIn: Since my last weekly report no material change has occurre(i in affairs at this post or in this valley. Scouting parties fromu Fort Bliss penetrate this country as far as the Cottonwoods (22 mile- below this place), and on. one occasion I (letached a column of infantry for this side and a column of rifles for the other side of the river, to capture or drive back a party said to be at the Mesa, a town 10 miles below this post. The command returned without finding any suspicious bodies of men. On the 118th instant, I detached two companies of infantry, under command of Capt. J. II. Potter, Seventh Infantry, an(l occupie(1 the town of San Tomas, on the opposite side of the river, and distant about two and a half miles. From its location, the town commands the road from El Paso to Mesilla. A series of lagunas 1)etween the town and hills prevent the passage of artillery or wagons, and only horsemen could pass over the lava ridge in rear of the town. A (letail of 1 non- commissioned officer and 10 mounted men is sent to Captain Potter daily, for such service as may be necessary. Information has reached me that ammunition is being sent eroun Fort Bliss to Mesilla. I have accordingly ordered all wagons from that direc- tion to be stopped and searched. The Apaches have commenced operations in our immediate vicinity. On the night of the 19th instant they killed 2 persons 2 or 8 nmiles iu rear of the post, and stole a })air of horses and the harness, and the next mornimig killed 2 men an(l (Irove off over 2,000 sheep. Application was made to me for mouimted troops to pursue them. I declined fir- nishing any, but stated that when the volunteers called for were forth- coming I would then assist them as far as was in my power. In comJ)liance with instructions receive(l yesterday from (lepartinen Page 61 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 61 headquarters the enlistment of volunteers is suspended. About 50 names were ou the list up to that time. Capt. J. M. Jones, Seventh Infantry, is still absent. Contradictory rumors are in circulation as to the number of troops at and en route {o Fort Bliss. From the best information I can obtain, the number all told will not exceed 500. The effective force at present under my com- mand is 450, exclusive of sick (38). There are 98 men on detached servic~, nearly all of whom will join within a week. Nothing has been heard of the troops from Forts Buchanan and Breckinridge since the reception of the order requirin~ the abandonment of both posts. Inclosed I transmit oaths of allegiance of Lieutenants Lane (mfies) and Stivers, Seventh Infantry. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant I. LYNDE, Major & venth L~fantry, Commanding District. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. ]Ifex., July 29, 1861. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Iliead quarters of the Army, Washington: SIR: I have the honor to report that thus far only twelve of the volunteer companies called for in this department have been organized, and that the enrollment of the others is progressing very slowly. It is certain that a sufficient force cannot be raised to hold the posts in Dofia Afla and Arizona Counties, and it is questionable whether Fort Stanton can be retained. The ~vithdrawal of the regular troops will leave the lower counties entirely exposed to Indian and Texan depre- dations, and the upper country to invasion by two routes that are now covered by Forts Fillmore and Stanton. My opinion of the result of such an invasion~ if opposed only by New Mexico volunteers, has already been communicated through Captain Wainwright. The troops from the most distant posts are being withdrawn as rapidly as the circumstances of the conntry and the slow organization of the volunteers will permit, but a strong force will be kept at Fort Stanton and Fort Fillmore until the troops have been withdrawn and the public property removed from the most exposed points. The disturbed state of the lower country and the difficulty of pro- cunng transportation will delay these movements, but I expect that the first column (six companies of infantry and four of cavalry) will be in readiness to march from Fort Union by or soon after the middle of next month. Indian depredations, particularly in Arizona, continue to be very fre. quent. In other respects the state of afthirs has not materially changed since my last report. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry, and Bvt. Lient. Cot., Comdg. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa Fe, N. Hex., August 2, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO, Santa Fe, N. ]Ifex.: Sin: I have the hoiior to make a requisition for two squadrons (four companies) of mounted volunteers, under the command of a lieutenant Page 62 62 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CBAP. XI. colonel, to be mustered into the service of the United States, with the organization prescribed for volunteer cavalry in War i)epartment General Orders, No. Th, of May 4, 1861. Should they desire it., the in- dependent companies that have ah~eady been mustered iii, or are being raised under previous requisitions, will be accepted, in order to complete the organization of a regiment of four squadrons (eight companies). The term of service will be for three years, unless sooner discharged. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. 5. CANBY, Major Tenth Infantry, Bvt. Lt. Cot., (llorndg. Dept. CIIRCULAR.] HEADQUARTERS DEPT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa 1W, N. JJiex., August 8, 1861. The writ of habeas corpus has been suspended in order to enable every commander to guard against the treasonable (lesigns of persons disloyal to the Government of the United States, particularly agents and spies, persons engaged in furnishing information to, or in other trea- sonable correspondence with, the enemy, or in inciting insurrection or rebellion. Care will be taken to guard against any abuse of this power by un- authorized arrests or by annoyances to l)eaceable and well-disposed citi- zens, and, except in the case of overt acts, arrests will only be made by the superior commander of any district, post, or body of troops in the service of the United States, and only upon probable cause of suspicion of being dangerous to the public safety. When arrests are made, the person arrested will immediately be exam- mcd, and if there be no ground for suspicion, will be released; if other- wise, held in confinement until his case is disposed of by the proper authorities. If there be evidence of treason or misprision of treason, he will be turned over to the civil courts for trial. in the execution of these duties the troops will at all times unite with audi assist the civil authorities in maintaining orde~r throughout the con iltry. By order of Col. E. li. S. Canby: A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. G. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, No. 27. Santa 1W, August 8, 1861. The Southern Military District of New Mexico is extended so as to include all the country south of~ and including, Albuquerquehead- quarters at the discretion of the commanderunder the command of Bvt. Lient. Col. B. S. Roberts, U. S. Army, who is assigned to duty according to his brevet rank. By order of Col. E. R. S. Canby: A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Lieutenant-Colonel CANnY, Washington, August 13, 1861. Gomdg., & c., Department of New Mexico, Santa 1W: SIR: Under instructions from the War Department, the General-in- Chief directs that you withdraw the regular troops from New Mexico Page 63 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 63 & c. ,as heretofore ordered, at snch time and in such manner as will not expose the Territory to conquest or invasion from Texas before the vol- unteer forces of New Mexico are properly organized, armed, and posted. The general, nevertheless, urges upon you the greatest possible dispatch in these movements. I am, & c., E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjittant- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Alex., August 14, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF COLORADO TERRITORY, Denver City, Cob.: SIR: I have the honor to transmit a copy of a telegraphic dispatch received since my communication of last night was written.* It gives a(ldit.ional probability to the information I then communicated to you, and I have the honor to recommend that one or two companies of vol- unteers may be organized at the nearest points in Colorado Territory, for the purpose of supporting Fort Wise, if it should be found neces- sary. Fort Lamed should be substituted in the dispatch for Fort Laramie. Very respectfully, sir, your obedi-eut servant, ED. li. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, (Jomdg. Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, August 16, 1861. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Western Department, St. Louis, Mio.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of General Orders, No. 1, of the 2~th ultimo,t and to submit for the information of the com- manding general a summary statement of the affairs of this depart- ment. Colonel Loring, late commander of the department, left this post on the 11th and the department on the 23d of June last. On the 14th of that month the instructions of the General-in-Chief to withdraw the in- fantry force from the department were received, and measures were im- mediately taken to bring them in from the interior and most distant posts. By the same instructions the commander of the department was instructed to post the regular troops remaining in the department and such volunteers as would be presented to him so as to best protect the United States. No instructions were then or have since been re- ceived in relation to the volunteers amid the agent, who it was under- stood had been appointed for the purpose of organizing them, did not reach this country until last night. liequisitions were, however, made npon the governors of this and of Colorado Territory for such volun- teers as were required to replace the troops to be withdrawn. As the southern part of the Territory was in a very disturbed condi- tion in consequence of Indian hostilities and the revolutionary efforts of a few individuals, it was considered necessary to establish a strong force (one muounted and seven infantry companies) at Fort Fillmore to protect the interests of the United States in that quarter and cover the with- drawal of the troops from the interior of Arizona. * Not founJ. See Vol. III of this series, p. 406 Page 64 64 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. It SOOII became apparent that the volunteer forces could not be relied on for the defense of this Territory, unless supported by a considerable force of regular troops. This fact was represented in a special report of the 20th of June. On the 12th of July instructions were received for the withdrawal of the remainder of the regular troops, and an officer of the department staff (Captain Wainwright) was sent to the head- quarters of the Army to represent that if all the regular troops were removed, it would inevitably result in the abandonmellt of the country and the absolute loss of the immense amount of puulic property already in or en route to the Territory. In consequence of the anticipated arrivals of Texan reenforcements on the line below Fort Fillmore, that post was re-enforced by two addi- tional companies of monuted troops, and Forts Stanton and Craig were strengthened. On the 15th of July the commanding officer at Fort Fill- more was advised that Fort Fillmore would be abandoned, and was in- structe(l to remove the public property, so as to abandon the post as soon as the troops from Arizona had passed up; the regular troops from Forts Stanton and Craig to be withdrawn as soon as volunteers could be raised to replace them. On the 25th of July a Texan force occupied the town of Mesilla, and after an unsuccessful attempt to dislodge it Major Lynde abandoned his post, and on the 27th surrendered his entire command (about 500 men) to an inferior force of Texans. I have abstained from making any comments upon this transaction, for the reason that Major Lyndes con- duct will be made the subject of a judicial investigation. The troops surrendered were paroled by the Texans, and are now on their march for Fort Union. They will be sent out of the country, and may, I presume, be employed on the overland route to California. A copy of the terms of surrender is herewith iu~losed. For the pur- pose of supporting the troops at the South and resisting any further invasion of the country Fort Stanton was abandoned, and a part of the troops at that post and those being withdrawn from Foru Fauntle- roy were concentrated at Fort Craig. At the time of Major Lyndes surrender two companies of the First Dragoons and two companies of the Seventh Infantry, under Captain Moore, were on their march to the river, but having been apprised by expresses from Fort Craig, destroyed a portion of his baggage, and conducting his command by a mountain- ous trail, reached Fort Craig on the 8th instant. Fort Union and Fort Craig are now strongly occupied, and may be regarded as the initial points both for offensive and defensive operations. The headquarters of the First Regiment of New Mexican Volunteers have been estab- lished at the former, and those of the Second will be at the latter, as soon as it can be organized. I have not yet succeeded in organizing a mounted force to replace the cavalry, as thus far but three companies have been raised, but I hope in a few days to have several completed and mustered into the service. I have heretofore called the General-in-Chiefs attention to the des- titute condition of this department in military resources and supplies of every kind. There is not artillery enough in the departme~mt to arm a single post properly, and the supply of ammunition, except for small- arms, is exceedingly limited. Remounts for cavalry horses and draught animals for the quartermasters department cannot be procured in the department, and the estimates made upon the Quartermaster-General have not yet been answered. No information has yet been received with regard to the annual sup. ply of ordnance stores required for the use of the troops in the depart Page 65 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 65 inent. If it is the intention of the Government to retain this depart- ment, I urgently recommend that the supplies necessary for the effici- ency of the troops (regulars or volunteers), and especially those already estimated for, should be furnished as soon as practicable. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. II. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. iiiiex., August 16, 1861. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Western 1)epartment, Saint Louis, Mo.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of General Orders,* No. 2, of the 26th ultimo, and to transmit in reply a summary statement* of the volunteer force that has been mustered into the service in this department, and will submit a more detailed statement in a few days. The organization of a volunteer force in this department has pro. gressed. Of the thirty-two companies that I have called for to replace the regular troops that have been ordered out of the country only nine- teen have been organized, and several of these are below the minimum organizations prescribed by War Department General Orders, No.15, of May 4, 1861. The people of the Territory, with few exceptions, I believe, are loyal, but they are apathetic in disposition, and will adopt any measures that may be necessary for the defense of their Territory with great tardiness, looking with greater concern to their private, and often petty interests, and delaying or defeating the objects of the Government by their per- sonal or political quarrels. I qnestion very much whether a sufficient force for the defense of the Territory can be raised within it~ limits, and I place no reliance upon any volunteer force that can be raised, unless strongly supported by regular troops. The most that can be hoped from them will be the occupation of two or three important points, which may be fortified and held by them until the policy of the Government with regard to this Territory has been settled and expressed. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. I~. S. CA4BY, Colonel Nineteenth Thfantry, Comag. Dept. FORT UNION DEPOT, N. MEX., August 17, 1861. Maj. Gen. J. C. FR~MONT, Commanding Western Dept, Hdqrs. Saint Louis, Mo.: SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the copy of a letter ad- dressed to Colonel Canby, at present in command of the United States troops in New Mexico. In addition to this, Colonel St. Vram and Kit Carson have addressed you on the subject. We trust that these state- ments in regard to the late events and present state of affairs in this Territory will reach you in time to arrest the operations of the order for the withdrawal of the regular troops from here at this time, as the whole aspect of affairs throughout New Mexico has completely changed since there has been time to make any representation to the authorities at Not founa. 5 R LIVOL I Page 66 66 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL Washington. I know that you are well acqnainted with the character of this population, and need oniy to inform you that the volunteers re- cently raised here are not composed of the rancheros, or even of the better class of Mexicans, but, on the contrary, for you to see how entirely defenseless the Territory will be if the U. S. Army is withdrawn. I have informed the Department at Washington that abundant sup- })lies of ordnance stores are on hand at this (lepot to last the troops now in the Territory for at least twelve months from this time, and I believe that this will apply to the supplies in the other departmentsquarter- masters, c ominissary, & c.after the stores now arriving for them are received, so that want of supplies here cannot be advanced for the necessity of the withdrawal of the troops. 1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. Th STIOEMAKEN, 31. S. IL, Ord., (Jomdg. Depot. [Inclosure.] FORT UNION DEPOT, August 15, 1861. Col. E. II. S. CAiNBY, 19th Inf., Comdg. U. S. Troops in New Mexico, lid qrs. Santa FJ: SIR: I have beeii informed that, in pursuance of orders from the Headquarters of the Army, dated at Washington, bug previous to the invasion of this Territory by the Texan troops, you contemplate the marching out at an early day all of the regular troops nuder yonr corn- inand. Therefore I deem it proper to inform you that the property be- longing to the United States in my charge, by the inventory taken on the 30th of June ultimo, amounts to more than a quarter of a million of dollars (~271,147.55) at Eastern cost, exclusive of the post store-houses, outworks, & c., and embraces all the fixtures for a new arsenal for the Territory of an expensive character. A residence of twelve years among these people enables me to know, and it is the opinion of every well-informed, candid person resi(lent among them, that without the support and protection of the IRegular Army of the United States they are entirely unable to protect the pub- lic property in the Territory, or the lives of such officers, civil and mili- tary, as may be left among them after the withdrawal of the regular forces now under your command, no matter how many there may be or how well armed the New Mexican volunteers are. A view of the present invasion by the Texan troops on the south, the threatened invasion on the east from Arkansas and Upper Texas, and the alnu,st certain capture of all the posts and public property in t~e Territory, if left unguarded by the regular troops under your conunand, induces me to make this representation, with the hope that you will at least delay the movement now contemplated until after the present state of affairs in New Mexico is made known to the authorities in Washing- ton, and they shall have been heard from on the subject. A copy of this communication will be forwarded to the Hon. Secretary of War by the next outgoing mail. I ani, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. iR. SHOEMAKER, 31. 5. K., Ord., Comdg. Depot. We fully concur in the foregoing statement. C. ST. YRAIX, Colonel First Regiment N. ALex. Vols. C. CARSON, Lieutenant-Colonel First Regiment N. Alex. Vols Page 67 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNLON. 67 FORT WISE, C OLO., August 22, 1861. Colonel CANnY, Santa F N. ]llex.: SIR: Yours of the 13th * has been received. In reply I have to state that I have been informed of three columns moving up from Texas east of the mountains in the direction of Fort Union. This news came from the Kiowa Indians. Since then these Indians have been watching these culumus, and the last two parties have reported that these columns have concentrated and turned back. This later news I cannot understand, and am wait- ing for farther developments. I have employed the Kiowas extensively as spies, and I think them faithful, as the Texans are their bitter enemies. I have a good inter- preter. The Kiowas are all here except those that are out on the watch. 1 do not think the Texans can get within 75 miles without my receiving a report of it. I would be thankful for any further news you may be able to send me with respect to the attempt to take this post. I have directed one train by the way of Garland, now three days on the road. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ELMER OTIS, Captain, First Cavalry, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. ]ilex., September 6, 1861. Capt. I. N. MOORE, First Dragoons, Comdg. column en route to Abo Pass: SIR: Instructions have been sent to the commander of the Southern Military District to suspend the movement of the regular troops from Fort Craig until further orders, and if your command had marched, to halt the squadron of dragoons at the Abo Pass until the volunteer force now being organized for that point can relieve it. The colonel commanding accordingly directs that you establish a camp at the most advantageous positioii in the neighborhood of that pass, for the purpose of watching and guarding that portion of the frontier. Instructions were sent by the express this morning to the staff officers at Albu- querque to make the necessary arrangements for supplying the sub- sistence and forage required for your command during its halt at that point. The infantry companies of your command will be sent to Albu- querque, where they will be halted until fum-ther orders. The instruc- tions are sent direct, because it is apprehended that the instructions to Colonel Roberts may not have reached him in season to communicate to you. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, 17/jth Imfantry, A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, santa P6, September 8, 1861. To the ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Head quarters Western Department, Saint Louis, ]JJio.: SIR: I have the~ honor to transmit copies of letters from and to the governor of Colorado Territory. Not found Page 68 68 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. While I do not apprehend any serious trouble in that Territory, there no doubt have been, and probably still are, combinations among law- less individuals having for their object the seizure of military posts or public property that might be left in an unguarded condition with the design of l)lunder or of embarrassing the operations of the Government. I shall have no hesitation in supplying, so far as I can, the means of arming a sufficient force in Colorado Territory to repress any i-evolu- tionary acts that may be attempted there, but there is now in this department only arms enough to supply the volunteer troops that have been anthorized for the Territory, and if any greater force should be necessary, there will not be enough to arm them unless new supplies are received. For this reason I respectfully recommend that such supplies as may be considered necessary in Colorado Territory may be sent from the arsenal at Fort Leavenworth. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. (JANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. [Inciosures.l EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, COLORADO TERRITORY. Col. E. It. S. CANnY, Commanding Department of New life ico: COLONEL: In compliance with your requisition of July 6, two volun- teer companies of infantryCompany A, Capt. J. P. Slough, 101, Coin- pany B, Capt. Sam. F. Tappan, 101are organized and ordered to report for muster into the United States service at Fort Garland. In the event of any future call upon this Territory it will be absolutely necessary that an authorized mustering officer be present here at Den- ver, and that arms and ammunition be supplied here for their complete equipment. Without specifying reasons, these arrangements are an absolute necessity. The election just coiicluded exhibits an overwhelm- ing popular majority in favor of the administration. It also reveals a strong malignant element essential to be controlled. The dependence exclusively of this industrial population upon supplies imported from the States over a line of communication of 800 miles, liable to be cut off by Indians as well as other hostile attacks, makes a complete home organization peremptory for self defense. Have the kindness to send me for use within yonr military department 5,000 arms, equipments, and ammunition for infantry, and ordnance and equipments and gnus for two batteries of artillery. I niake this requisition perfectly under- standing the existing condition of affairs both here and in all the sur- rounding relations, and as dictated by existing necessities, which can- not under any circumstances grow less. Let me receive from you iu reply to this an answer as full and early as possible. With great respect, WILLIAM GILPIX, Governor of ~iJolorado Territory. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW Muxico, Santa P6, September 8, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF COLORADO TEPRITORY, Denver City, C~olo.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your commu- nication (without date) in relation to the volunteers called for by me under my requisition of July 6, and to arms, equipments, and amm Page 69 CHAP. XII CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 6.9 nitiou in your Territory. I have just been advised by a telegraphic dispatch that two additional regiments of volunteers have been ordered for this Territory. In my judgment th~y cannot be raised here~ and it may be necessary to ask your excellency to organize four or six com- panies in Colorado Territory. The specific orders will be received by the next mail, and I will lose no time in communicating with you after they have been received, if the necessity should arise, your suggestions will be met by sending a mustering officer and the necessary arms to the place of rendezvous. In order to lose as little time as possible, it is suggested that the rendezvous may be established at some intermediate point. There are at present no more arms in the department than are necessary to arm the troops that have been called for within the depart- ineut. I will send your excellencys communicatiou to the commanding general of the Western Department, with the recommendation that arms, & c., may be sent to you direct from the Fort Leavenworth Arsenal. Fort Garland is the only post in Colorado Territory that is within the limits of this command, but your excellency may rest assured that I will not hesitate to furnish you this assistance as far as the means under my control will permit. In the mean time, should a emergency arise, the commanding officer at Fort Laramie would probably be able to supply you to a limited extent with both arms and ammunition. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. li. S. CANBY, Colonel -Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MExico, Santa E~, N. JIfex., September 8, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Western Dept., Saint Louis, Mio.: SIR: I have the honor to report that the defensive works at Fort Craig are nearly completed, and will be in readiness to turn over to the volunteers by the 9th or 10th instant. That post and Fort Union can then be easily held against a greatly superior force, and will leave the regular troops available for off~nsive operations. The organization of the volunteer force makes very little progress, as only two companies have been added to it since my last report. In the hope of completing it as soon us possible, Governor Connelly will call out the militia of the Territory, and then force the people to do what they seem indisposed to do voluntarily. There is nothing of interest to report since my com- munication of the 1st instant. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantiy, Comdg. Dept. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, . Mex., September 8, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO, - Santa P6, N. Mex.: SIR: I have the honor to state for the information of your excellency that the volunteer force required from the Territory of New Mexico is as follows: Two regiments of infantry, 2,092 officers and umen, and two regiments of cavalry, 1,632 officers and men. The term of service, bot Page 70 70 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. (CHAP. XI. of infantry and cavalry, is three years, but upon the representation that cavalry could not be obtained for that term of service, I have authorized the mounted companies to be ifiustered in for the period of six months. Of this force the regimental organization of the First (Col. St. Vrams) Regiment of Infantry is completed, bnt the companies are not yet frill. It will require at least 200 men to bring this regiment up to its maximuu~ organization. In the Second (Colonel Pinos) Regiment only eight com- panies have been mustered in, and it will require at least 400 men to coin- l)lete the organization of this regiment. The organization of the cav- alry regiments has just commenced, and only one company has been mustered in. Four other companies are reported to be nearly ready, but it will require at least 1,000 mcii to complete the two regiments, or 1,200 if they are raised to the maximum. In addition to the above force, independent companies of mounted volunteers are called for, but only three have been organized. It is intended to incorl)orate these com- panies with the cavalry regiments if the men consent to that extension of their term of service. If they do not, they will be disbanded at the expiration of the present term. To recapitulate, there will be required for the infantry regiments 600 men and for the cavalry regiments 1,000 men: total, 1,600. The neces- sary expenditure incurred by the Territory in the organization of these regiments will be defrayed by the Government of the United States, and, as the appropriation for this purpose has already been made, there will be but little delay in securing the reimbursements. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Comdy. Dept. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF INEW MEXICO, Santa FJ, N. ilfex., September 10, 1861. Lieut. Col. B. S. ROBERTS, U. S. A., Corndg. Southern lllilitary Dist., Fort Craig,N. Miex.: SIR: I am instructed by the colonel commanding to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 7th instant, and to inform you that none of the companies of mounted volunteers that were to have been stationed at the Abo Pass have yet been raised. A party of spies has just returned from the Canadian River. They went a days journey beyond the Antelope Hills, and saw no trails nor any other evi- dence of the presence of the enemy in that quarter. They bring a re- port, however, from the Comanches, which is corroborated by informa- tion from other sources, that a large party had been on the plains some time since and had turned back. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, A. L. ANDERSON, Second Lieutenant, Fifth Infantry, A. A. A. U. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MExIco, Santa F~, N. Mex., September 22, 1861. Capt. I. N. MOORE, First Cavalry, Commanding Camp near ]IiEanzano, N Mex.: SIR: I am directed by the colonel commanding the department to acknowledge the receipt of your two communications from Cerro de l Page 71 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.JJNION. 71 Espia, near iXlanzauo, dated, respectively, the 19th and 20th iustant.* The colonel wishes you to explore the country in the neighborhood of vonr present position, with a view of selecting the most eligible positiou for locating a force of volunteers, which will be directed to relieve you in a few (lays. The result of your reconnaissance ~ou will report to these headquarters. You will push forward the spies of Barrientes company to the vicinity of Fort Stanton, and ascertain accurately, if possible, the exact state of affairs there. The information thus obtained you are desired to report. You are directed also to find out the state of feeliug among the inhabitants on the Rio Bonito, as some of them were known rebels. They may now affect to claim the protection of the United States troops on the ground of their loyalty. Should you have any prisoners, or should you take any, you will send them to Albu- querque, with such evidence as you may have in the premises. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, GURDEN CHAPIN, Gc~ptain, Seventh Infantry, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gem. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N lllex., September 22, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Western Department, Saint Louis, ]Jilio.: SIR: I have the honor to report that affairs in this departuient are progressing favorably. About 630 volunteers have been mustered into the service since my last report, and I think that six companies of the Fourth Regiment can be raised in this Territory and the remainder can be procured in Colorado. A collision has occurred between the volun- teers at Fort Fauntleroy and a party of Navajo Indians. Twelve In- dians are reported to have been killed and fhrty captured. The details will be reported by the next mail. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Ii~fantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. ]lliex., September 27, 1861. Maj. N. B. ROSSELL, U. S. A., Commanding Albuquerque, N. ]lfex.: SIR: The colonel commanding has been informed by the governor of the Territory that some persons at and in the neighborhood of Albu- querque have reftised to submit to the laws of the United States direct- ing the enrollment of the militia, and he directs that, upon the applica- tion of any of the Territorial officers charged with the duty of enrolling the militia, a guard (to be taken preferably from the mounted volun- teers) be sent for the purpose of arresting these individuals, and that they be placed in confinement until they can be brought to trial. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, GURDEN CHAPIN, Captain, Seventh infantry, Acty. Asst. Adjt. Gen. *Not found Page 72 72 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F~ N. Alex., October 11, 1861. His Excellency WILLIAM GILPIN, Governor of Colorado Territory, Denver City, Cob.: SIR: I have :just received a communication from the commanding officer at Fort Wise, in which it is stated that he has been advised by you that there is no volunteer force available to relieve your (his) command or enable it to retire from Fort Wise. The inability ot your excellency to supply this force is a very great disappointment, as the regular troops at that post and at Fort Garland were relied upon as a part of the force iutended for active operations at the South. I am sorry that this determination was not communicated at an earlier period, in order that I might (more seasonably than I now can) have made arrange- ments to replace the troops at Fort Wise from some other quarter. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. R S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Alex., October 13, 1861. Capt. E. OTIS, Fourth Cavalry, Comdg. Fort Wise, Cob.: SIR: Your report of the 4th instant, communicating the decision of Governor Gilpin, of Colorado Territory, not to furnish volunteer troops for Fort Wise, has been received. You are authorized to raise four com- panies (two of infantry and two of cavalry) from Colorado Territory, to be mustered into the service of the United States for three years. This force is designed for service at Fort Wise on the route from the Mis- souri frontier, or in New Mexico, as the exigencies of the service may require. You will please make requisitions upon the Adjutant-General of the Army for the funds necessary to defray the expenses of collecting and organizing these volunteers. If funds are needed immediately, a special esthuate will be made upon this office. The names of the per- sons that may be authorized to raise these companies will be reported to this office. Such blanks as can be furnished will be sent you by this or by the succeeding mail. A large amount of public and private l)roI)- erty is now on the road to this conutry, and you are desired to keel) yourself advised of the movements of the trains, and to take such incas- ures for their protection as may be necessary. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. li. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth L{fantry, Corn dg. Dept. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Alex., October 22, 1861. Lient. Col. WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Commanding Fort Union, N. ]Ifex.: SIR: As the force in this part of the department has been untimely reduced, the colonel commanding desires that the utmost vigilance be observed in watching the country east of Fort Union, and particularly the approaches by the Canadian and lIed IRivers, pushing your patrols and scouts from Fort Union and Hatchs ranch in all directions fa Page 73 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 73 enough to give you timely notice of any approach from that quarter. These parties should be out continually, and so arranged as to leave no interruption of watchfulness. Whenever necessary, you will call upon Major Paul for any additional mounted force that you may need in ad- dition to that belonging to your own command. 1~equire Major Baca to make constant reports at least tn-weekly, using some of his mounted men for that purpose. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, WM. J. L. NICODEMUS, First Lieutenant, LVeremlh Infantry, Act. Asst. Adjt. Gem. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, COLORADO TERRITORY, Denver, October 23, 1861. Col. E. P~. S. CANBY, Commanding Department of New Mexico: COLONEL: Accept my thanks for dispatches by express messenger (from Fort Garland), bearing (late of the 7th and 11th instant. I am greatly in your debt for a supply of blanks and books; an atten- tion especially apropos at a point so utterly destitute of such essentials to i)nblic business. I will respond promptly to the request of Governor Connelly and yourself for medical men who can be found here. I have further received notice from Capt. Elmer Otis, Fort Wise, of the arrival there of arms for four companies of volunteers. The strong and malignant element within this Territory, added to the destitution of arms and ammunition of any kind up to this time, has rendered absolutely necessary the delay to furnish a garrison for Fort Wise. The population of the Arkansas Liver is not numerous enough to fur- nish one company, and to send them from the mining region has been impossible, from want of arms, ammunition, food, clothing, transporta- tion, or money to procure any of these essentials. I am incessantly occupied to comply with your requisitions at the earliest moment. The malignant secession element of this Territory has numbered 7,509. it has been ably and secretly organized from November last, and requires extreme and extraordinary measures to meet and control its onslaught. The core of its strength has at present withdrawn to gather strength from Texas, Utah, Arkansas, and from the country of the Confederated Cherokee, Creek, and other indians. They contemplate to return with overwhelming strength and precipitate the neighboring Indiamis upon us. To prepare for what may be accomplished by them Is my duty. This country, everywhere open to the east, can only be defended by a sufficient force to meet the enemy in the field. It also enfers into their plans to capture Forts Wise and Garland; to surround New Mexico and invade it from the north. The Indian populations west of Arkansas have united with the rebel war to the amount of 64,500, capable of furnishing an efficient army for operations upon these Territories, familiar with this country, and allied to the Georgians, who sympathize with secession, and form a large proportion of our mining Pol)ulation. You will learn that a guerrilla party has been captured by Captain Otis near Fort Wise; the captain of this band, McKee, has been in jail for several weeks in this city. Be well assured that I neglect no resource within may reach or attain- able by energy to provide for the safety of this Territory, and produce a force capable of co-operating cordially in the operations in New \lexico, with which I am familiar. Very respectfully, WILLIAM GILPIN Page 74 74 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXiCO, Santa F~, N. ]lIcx., October 27, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Western Department, Saint Louis, ]Ilio.: SIR: I have the honor to report that there has been no material change ill the state of affl~irs in this department since my report of the 20th instant. Twelve companies of regulars (six of infantry and six of cavalry) and eleven of volnnteers (seven of infantry and four of cavalry) are now concentrated at Fort Craig. With some difficulty, and by uniting two cavalry companies, a harnessed battery of four pieces (two 6-pounder guns and two 12-pounder field howitzers) has been organized, and will march for Fort Craig on the 30th instant. These preparations have been greatly delayed and embarrassed by the want of supplies and the difficulty of procuring such as could be found in the country from the want of funds. The trains en route for this country are again threatened by marauding parties from Colorado Territory, and the presence of an experienced officer at Fort Wise is so important in this connection, that I have instructed Captain Otis to remain at that post with the cavalry portion of his command until affairs in that quarter are in a more settled condition. No volunteers have yet been furnished from Colorado Territory for either Forts Gar- land or Wise, and very little progress is now being made in organizing volunteers in this Territory. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Corndg. Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT oi NEW MEXICO, Santa F~, N. ]Jiliex., October 27, 1861. Capt. E. OTIS, Fourth Cavalry, Comdg. Fort Wise, C~olo.: SIR: Your communication of the 17th instant has been received, and I am instructed by the colonel commanding to say that your action in suspending the removal of Company C, Tenth Infantry, is approved. Upon the arrival of a sufficient volunteer force to render your position perfectly secure, he desires that this company may then be sent to Fort Union. It is not his intention to give any orders in relation to your command, except such as may be net~essary and incident to its position in keeping open the communication with the Missouri frontier or in carrying out the instructions of the commander of the Western Depart- ment, but will give any orders or assume any responsibility in relation to your post that you may consider necessary. Fort Wise is so im- portant (both as regards our Indian relations and our communications with the East) that it would be unwise to hazard these interests by withdrawing you from that post, and it is his intention that your own, and probably both the cavalry companies, shall remain (even if a volun- teer force is furnished by Governor Gilpin) until affairs in that quarter are in a settled condition. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, WM. J. L. NICODEMUS, First Lieutenant, Eleventh Infantry, Act. Asst. Adjt. (len Page 75 CHAP. XI.] 75 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXLUG, Santa P6, N. Alex., November 18, 1861. PAYMASTER-GENERAL U. S. ARMY, lVashington, D. C.: Sin: The military operations in this department have for several mouths past been greatly embarrassed, and are now almost entirely l)aralyzed, by the want of funds in the pay department. Many of the regular troops have not been paid for more than twelve months and the volunteers not at all. This has occasioned a great (leal of suffering and some dissatisfaction in both classes, and has almost efihetnally put an end to the raising of volunteers. This condition of affairs, so far as it then existed, was ollicially reported by inc some months since (June 13, 1861), and has since repeatedly, by reports and estimates, been brought to the notice of the proper authorities. An nnsuccessful attempt was made some time since to borrow money for the Government, and a recent attempt has been made, which prom- ises to be partially successful but to insure this success, time chief quar- termaster and chief commissary have united with me in promising that this money shall be repaid in Treasury notes, bearing 7.3 per cent. in- terest from the date of the loan or, thiling in this arrangement, I have l)ersonally pledged myself for the interest. ii have the honor to request that arrangements may be ma(ie by your department to redeem this promise. In making this arrangement many of the leading merchants and captalists of the Territory have pledged their credit for the repayment of the loan. This arrangement has been made mainly through the instrumentality of the chief quartermaster, Major Donaldson, and but for the confidence reposed in him by the community generally it could not have been made. In addition to this, $6(),Ot)O have been loaned by the quarter- master to the pay department. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. II. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Alex., November 2~, 1861. His Excellency GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6, N. Alex.: SIR: I have the honor to state, for the information of your excel- lency, that arrangements are miow being made to separate the Navajoes who are known to be friendly and to have acted in good faith froma the remainder of that nation, and to establish them in communities where they can be isolated and protected from the consequences of war made upon time rest of the nation. Care will be taken in the selectiomi of these, and in posting troops in their neighborhood, that these commnu- nities shall not leave places of refuge for the ladrones. As soon as prac- ticable, troops will be established at the points that are best calculated to watch the approaches from the Navajo country and protect the in- habitants of New Mexico from time depredations of these Indians. Bx~ these arrangements ammd the active vigilance of the troops, it is believed tlmt the persons and property of the inhabitants can be rendered se- cure until the necessary dispositions can be made for the effectual pun- mshment of this and other Indian tribes now at war with the people of New Mexico Page 76 76 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. As pertinent to this subject, I have also the honor to call your atten- tion to some facts connected with the Indian affairs iu this country. While the difficulties with the Navajoes have existed with varying phases almost since the original settlement of New Mexico, there is no doubt that some of the most recent, if they have not been caused by, have at least been greatly aggravated by, the unauthorized ami(l illegal acts of a portion of the Mexican populatiomi. It Ia known that the con- sequences of these acts have almost invariably fallen upon the well-dis posed Navajoes and upon the better classes of the Mexican people those who had stock or other l)roperty to be stolen or farms which could not be cultivated in securitywhile the authors of these acts have profited by the division of their plunder and the sale of their cal)- tives. These acts and these principles do not apply to the Navajoes alone, but to all the tribes of Jndia~ns by which New Mexico is sur- rounded, and it is scarcely necessary to say that, if permitted, they can lead to but omme result, that of converting all the Indians of New Mexico into robbers, arid leading to a contest that will be as interminable as the Maroon war of the West Indies. The policy of the Government towards the Indians is fully in(licated by its laws and by the instructions to the officers of the Indian and War Departments, and it has a right to expect that all good citizens will aid in enforcing its laws and sustaining its policy. The duty of l)iotectioli involves a reciprocal obligation npou the part of the people of New Mex- ico, and unless the illegal acts of a few vicious individuals are denounced by the moral sense of the coi munity and enforcement of the laws aided by all, the best efforts that can be made to control the Indians and pro- tect the inhabitants will be utterly fruitless. I will use all time means that I may ha able to control to protect the inhabitants of New Mexico from (lepredations amid secure them in the (luiet possessiomi of their property, ammd I ask the co-operation of your excellency and the people of New Mexico in sustaining the laws and regulations of the Govern- ment in relation to the Indians. This policy, in my judgment, is not only the wisest, but the only one that can possibly be adopted without leading to interminable evils. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Com~ncnding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa F6, N. Mex., December 1, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Western Department, Saint Louis, lEo.: Sin: I have the honor to report that there has beemi no material change, except the increasing hostilities of the Indians, in the state of affairs in this department since my last report. Operations are still greatly emnbarrassed by the want of snpplies, and particularly trans- l)ortation; but I hope that these difficulties will be overcome in a few days, as some of the supply trains are mmow near Fort Union. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. It. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department Page 77 ChAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 77 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa fJ AT. ALex., December 1, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL Head quarters Western Dcpa-trnent, Saint Louis, Mo.: SIR: I have the honor to report that our relations with the Indians in this department are daily becoming more unsatisfactory. The dep- redations of the Navajoes are constant. The Mescalero Apaches are becoming more daring in their inroads, and incursions have been made by the Kiowas and (Jomanches, ostensibly in l)ursuit of the Utes, but their depredations have not been confined to them. Between the Kavajoes and people of New Mexico a state of hostilities, with occa- sional intervals of peace, has existed almost since the first settlement of the country. Each party claims that the treaty of peace has been broken by the other, and it is impossible , even if it were profitable, to inquire which is in the right. Each successive war has reduced the Navajoes in strength and wealth, and has, by reducing them to poverty, a(lded to the strength of the ladrones, or war party. There is no doubt that many of these difficulties, if not caused, have at least been greatly aggravated, by the illegal acts of a portion of the Mexican people, and in some cases huve been the direct cause of the difliculties that immedi- ately followed them. The consequences of these acts have almost in- variably fallen upon that portion of the Navajoes known as the peace party and upon those of the inhabitants who have property to lose, while the aggressors profit by the sale of their booty and captives. These acts are not restrained by the moral sense of the ceinmunity, and so long as these marauders find a ready sale for their plunder and for their captives, it will be impossible to l)revent these depredations and the consequent retaliations by the Indians. These remarks apply more particularly to the Kavajoes, but they are pertinent to our relations with all the surrounding Indians; and unless measures can be adopted by which this system, encouraged by the syrnl)athies of the people and fostered to some extent by the Territorial laws, can be broken up, the country will be involved in interminable evils. Recent occurrences in the navajo country (see report of Captain Evans, inclosed herewith)- have so demoralized aiid broken up that nation, that there is now no choice between their absolute extermination or their removal and colonization at l)oints so remote from the settle- ments as to isolate them entirely fioin the inhabitants of the Territory. Aside from all considerations of hm~manity, the extermination of such a l)eople will be a work of the greatest difficulty. The country they inhabit is impracticable and destitute of resources for military opera- tions to a degree that can only be realized from personal observation. The Kavajoes are too cowardly to fight in number, but are adroit rob- bers, and any operations that may be carried on against them will ultimately resolve itself into a chase of iiidividnal thieves, and will be procrastinated indefinitely. As a question of economy and expediency, I have dete.riuined,in concert with the superinten(ient of Indian affairs for this Territory, to establish such of the Navajoes a~s have heretofore acted in good faith in communities, where they can be isolated and l)rotected until some permanent arrangement can be made by the Gov- eminent. The policy of settling them on reserves, removed from the Mexican population, protecting and assisting them until they are able to sustain themselves as heretoforerepeatedly recommended by the superintendent of Indian aff~iirs and the commanders of this depart- * Not found Page 78 78 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [ChAP. XI. i~entis,in my judgment, the only policy that gives any assurance of success. It is recommended by considerations of humanity, economy, and experience. The same coiisideratious, with equal pertinency, apply to all the surrounding tribes but as the Navajoes, Apaches, aud Utes are more immediately in contact with the settlements, the policy recom- mended should be applied to these Indians first. These measures are of such immediate an(1 vital importance to the Territory and to the interests of the General Government in this country, that I have the honor to request that the major-general commanding will submit it, at his earliest convenience, to the consideration of the General-in-Chief and Secretary of War. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. Th S. CANI3Y, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa P6 i ADJUTANT-GENERAL, , Y. ]Jfex., December 8 1861. llieadqmtarters Army, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your instruc- tions of November 9, and to report as follows: First. The number of regular troops is shown by the inclosed ab- stract A; * the number of volunteers that have already been received by the abstract B; * the number and position of all the troops in the department by the field return CA~ Second. The regular troops are in excellent condition. They are well instructed and disciplined, zealous and loyal, and, except the wamit of officers and recruits to fill the companies, there are no (lefects of con- dition. The volunteer troops are improving slowly in discipline and instruction. They are not efficient, and, in my Ju(lgrnent, cannot be made so in any reasonable period. They are deficiemit in self-reliance and umilitary spirit, and their ignorance of the En4ish language and want of capacity for instruction are serious obstacles to a rapid improve- inent. For Indian or partisan warfare, and in conjunction with regular troops or volunteers of Americall origin, they will make valuable aux- iliaries, and their services in these respects are already of considerable iml)ortance. Third. The regular troops have the most improved armsthe infantry the Springfield rifled musket, .58 caliber pers Ferry rifle Colts .~ and the cavalry the liar- pistol (Navy), Sharps and Maynards carbines, and a few of Colts revolving rifles for experiment. The exact nuniber of arms in the hands of the troops cannot be stated until the or(lnance returns are received, but it is slightly imi excess of the number of the troops. The volunteers have arms of older modelsthe rifled musket, .69 caliber; Harpers Ferry rifle, calibers .54 and .58; the cavalry inns- ketoon, the carbine pistol, and a few companies the smooth-bore inns- ket, .69 caliber. These arms are all in serviceable condition, but the troops are imperfectly equipped, as there is a~ great deficiency of all classes of accouterments. The clothino- of time regular troops is good, and there is a sufficient quantity for all their probable wants until the right period of receiving supplies. Clothing for two of the volunteer regiments has been received amid distributed.. It is reported to be in- Not found Page 79 ChAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 79 ferior in quality. For the two other regiments it is supposed to be in trains that are now near Fort Union. The supplies in the quartermasters department are in good condi- tion and, if those that are now on the road are received, will be suffi- cient to meet the wants of the service until new supplies can be sent out in the spring. It will be necessary, however, to receive a pori ion of these supplies earlier than usual, and estimates for them will be prepared anti forwarded in season. There have be~en unavoidable deficiencies in the means of transportation and in camp an(i garrison eqnipage, bnt the first of them has been removed by the purchase of animals that have just reached the Territory, and the others will be by the arrival of trains that are expected daily. The supplies in the subsistence department are in good condition, and sufficient to last the force now in the department, and contemplated by the instructions of the Secretary of War, until June 30, 1862. Should any deficiencies be anticipated, they will be provided for by seasonable estimates. The inclosed statement (E) * shows the quantity in rations on hand at the posts and depots in the department on the 1~th of last month. Con- tracts have been made for corresponding quantities of th~ articles that are produced in this country. The supplies of ordnance stores are very deficient. The annual supply for this department was stopped at Fort Leavenworth. This fact was not known here until August 21, and on the 22d ultimo, in reply to a renewed application, intorination was received that it was impossible to send at present the ordnance stores called for. The deficiency of ammunition is being supplie(l, as fUr as J)racticable, from the materials that can be l)rocured in this country.. The inclosed statement (F) will exhibit the number of arms and the quantity of ammunition in (lepot. The Confederate force in the Mesilla Valley is about 800 men of their regular troops and from 200 to 400 men organized from the floating population of the Mesilla. These troops are well armed arid cavalry well mounted, but they are indifferently clothed and subsisted. They have fifteen pieces of artillery, of which two are said to be heavyproba- bly 18-poundersfour mountain hOwitzers, and the rem ai rider field pieces, 6-pounder guns, and 12-pounder howitzers. They have fallen back from their advanced position at Robledo, and are now at or near Mesilla. The resources of the country for supplying an army are limited almost exclusively to articles of forage and subsistence. Of the first, the sup- ply in ordinary seasons may be equal to the sul)port of 3,000 animals, in addition to those of the country. The horses and mules of the Territory are generally too light for cav- alry or draught, and those purchased here for the use of the Army are generally brought from the East. Of subsistence, the articles that can be procured here are beef, flour. beans, and an inferior quality of salt. The cost of the first will be greater than if the cattle are purchased in the Western States and driven out. The quantity of flour that can be l)rocured will not exceed three or three and a half millions of pounds in ordinary seasons. All the beans and salt that may be needed can be procured. Very great embarrassments have frequently been experienced in this department from the want of coin to meet the necessities of disbursing officers, and to obviate this difficulty. I have heretofore suggested that arrangements be made to send it out at frequent intervals and in small amounts by the express companies, instead of, as heretofore, but once * Not found Page 80 80 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL in each year, and in larger amounts. In this last case it fails into the hands of the Mexican capitalists and is exported. In addition to what has been stated in relation to the volunteers, it is proper to say that it will be very difficult, if not impracticable, to raise the entire force authorized for this department, and I do not think it desirable that it should be done. If it is practicable, send one or two regiments of volunteers from the East to replace the regular troops when they are withdrawn. The New Mexican volunteers, without the support of regular troops or of volunteers drawn from some other sec- tion of the country, cannot be relied on to resist an invasion of the country, if one is attempted. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. Th S. CANI3Y, Colonel Nineteenth infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Santa is, N. Mex., December 14, 1861. The ADJuTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to r~port that there has been no change in the position and number of the Confederate troops in the Mesilla Valley. The information from that quarter is as late as the 7th instant. No material changes within the department have taken place since my last report. The attitude assumed by the Indians on the Arkansas has .rendered it necessary to detach a mounted force (SO men) from Fort Union for the protection of the trains on the road to this country. The best instructed of the vo1unteer troops are being put in position as fast as they can be replaced by raw troops, to support the movement upon the Mesilla Valley, which I hope soon to be able to make. I shall leave in a few days for the southern part of the Territory, for the purpose of seeing that the preparations for this object are as complete and perfect as possible. Our operations are still greatly embarrassed by the want of transpor- tation. The arrival of mules from the East in a few days will probably enable us to overcome this difficulty. The contractors for supplying horses for the regular and volunteer cavalry have failed entirely, in consequence of the disturbed condition of affiilrs on the Western frontier. New contracts have been made, and it is hoped that the contractors will prove more successful. Detailed estimates for supplies in the different staff departments are now being prepared and will be forwarded in a few days. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Port Craig, N. Jiiliex., December 28, 1861. The ADJUTANT GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to report my arrivar at this post for the pur- poses indicated in my report of the 23d instant. On the 26th I received a report from Colonel Roberts, commanding the troops in this district, communicating the information derived froiii one of his spies from El Paso, to the effect that the Texas forces in I h Page 81 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. Mesilla had been re-enforced by 1,400 men and that 2,000 were moving up the Pecos for the purpose of attacking the central and northern parts of New Mexico. The first part of this information is no doubt mainly trtie, but the second I think donbtful, and circulated by the Texans for the purpose of dividing the force at this point. It it should be true it will involve some change in projected operations, and to provide for this contingency I have directed the re-enforcement of Fort union and Santa F6 and the concentration of a large force at Albuquerque. If the invasion of the country by the Pecos should be attempted this post will bestronglygarrisoned,and Iwill move with the main body to the Abo Pass (in the directiou of the Pecos), concentrating as I move all the available force from the upper country. Although this rel)Orted re-enforcement is larger than 1 anticipated, my greatest anxiety is with regard to Fort Vv ise and our communications with the East. Governor Gilpin has repeatedly been urged to strengthen this post with Colorado volunteers, but it has not yet been done, and I have twice during the past season been obliged to make detachments to re-en- force it at times when the troops could very illy be spared. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. Abstract from field return of the Department of New Mexico, commanded by Got. E. B. S. Canby, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, for December 31, 1861. Iresent. H a Officers. Men. ~ Garrisons, & c. a H H ~L F~ -~ ~ -~ ae o 0 0 0 ~ H ~ H Fort Marcy 12 14 288 352 396 Fort Garland 3 3 102 123 130 Fort Union* 39 40 721 869 1,140 Albuquerque 28 29 502 624 720 Fort Craig and vicinity 62 68 1, 803 2, 065 2, 266 Cubero 11 14 225 297 312 Abo Pass 9 9 141 151 216 Hatchs ranch ~ 5 25 39 191 Camp Connelly 6, 6 83 107 144 En route to Santa Fd 1 1 39 53 59 En route to Fort wise 1 1 70 70 72 Total 177 190 3,999 4,755 5,646 * Including ordnance detachment of 16 men. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO Port (raig, N. Miex., January 1, [862. His Excellency H. CONNELLY, Governor of New Mexico, Santa Pe N. Mex.: Siu: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your excellencys communication of the 29th nltimo,* and to state in reply that the re- 5Not found. 6 R RYOL I Page 82 82 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. ports in relation to the Texan forces are apparently better founded than the previous reports have been. There appears to be but little doubt that a considerable force (estimated at 1,200 men, with seven pieces of artillery) is now on the march to this place. Whether any are approach- ing by the Pecos is uncertain, but probable. I think it advisable that all the militia should be held in readiness to turn out when called upon, and that all the arms and ammunition should be collected and held for the nse of the troops; that the citizens should be instructed through the proper officers to watch the roads and trails, to prevent the entrance of scouts, spies, or small parties who will enter the country for the purpose of cntting off our couriers, plundering trains, & c. They would be useful also in procuring information, preventing the passage of spies, & c., blocking up the roads if the Texans attempt to penetrate the country, & c. A portion of the militia should be held in readiness to re-enforce Santa R and another Fort Union. There are a considerable number of Territorial arms below Albuquerque, which should be collected and sent to that place to arm the militia. If powder and lead are taken from the merchants, it should be receipted for, and will be paid for by the Gov- erument if it should be used. I will keep you continually advised of any important movement in this quarter. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MExico, Fort Craig, N. Miex., January 1, 1862. WILLIAM GILPIN, Governor of Colorado Territory, Denver City, Cob.: SIR: A large accession of the Texan force and the invasion of the Territory renders it necessary that I should again ask your excellency to send to Forts Wise and Garland as large a force of the Colorado voL unteers as can possibly be spared. The necessity for this force, and particularly for a strong garrison at Fort Wise, is undoubted, and the prompt action of your excellency will be of material assistance in defending this Territory. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. II. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Fort Craig, N. ]lliex., January 3, 1862. J. L. DONALDSON, Maj. and Q. AL, Comdg. ]liEil. Dis. Santa P6, N. Alex.: MAJOR: The Texan force that entered Alamosa yesterday morning was about 500 men, with two pieces of artillery. The object appears to have been the surprise of the outposts at that point. Information of the movement had been received from the Mesilla, aiid the immediate advance of the Texans was discovered by the advance pickets in season to permit the companies to retire without molestation and williout loss of any kind. Failing in their object, the Texans retired rapidly by th Page 83 CHAP. XII CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 83 same road. As soon as satisfied that this movement is not a feint, I shall move (probably this evening or to-morrow) with four companies of infantry, four of cavalry (regulars), and five of volunteers, for the pur- pose of opposing the reported movement up the Pecos, governing my- self in the direction to be taken by information received on the road from the parties now in that direction. I have conclusive information that this movement was intended when the Texan troops left San Antonio, and that a co-operating movement up the Canadian was projected, but there is now reason to believe that the Texans failed to raise so large a force as was expected, and that the expedition may be suspended for a time. In this case I will establish a reserve camp at or near Las Lunas or Peralta, with sufficient force to act upon either of the lines by which an invasion may be attempted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. IR. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Camp ConneUy, N. ilfex., January 7, 1862. Col. G. iR. PAUL, Fort Union, N Mex.: Sin: The field battery, the regular cavalry (except two companies of the First), and the companies of the Fifth Infantry, have been moved up from Fort Craig. Four companies of volunteers have also been brought up for the purpose of keeping open the communication between this place and Fort Craig, and convoying any supply trains that it may be necessary to send to that point. The regular force (500 men) will be established at some convenient point within supporting distance of any point that may be threatened. It will serve as the nucleus for the concentration of the regulars and volunteers to be drawn from points that are not immediately endan- gered, and will enable us to organize in a very short time a very con- siderable and effective force to repel any invasion that may be attempted. The garrison at Fort Craig consists of seventeen companies, of which six are regulars and nine volunteers, having a reasonable degree of in- struction and discipline; a sufficient force in my judgment to hold the post against any force that can be brought against it. It is believed that the Confederates cannot invade the country with more than 2,000 men in one body. If the invasion be by the Pecos, Fort Craig can sustain itself until that invasion is disposed of If the demonstration is against Fort Craig, all the available force in the de- partment can at once be turned in that direction. It is not my purpose to employ the militia in the field, but to use them in replacing the regu- lars and volunteers that may be drawn from posts that are not imme- diately threatened. In carrying out these arrangements, the available forces at Fort Union, Santa F~, Albuquerque, and Camp Connelly will be held in con- stant readiness to move in any direction that may become necessary. Transportation for the movement of the troops and at least ten days supplies will be held in reserve, and arrangements will be made for call- ing into the service any additional militia force that may be needed to rel)lace the troops that may be withdrawn. The governor of the Territory has been requested to hold the militia in readiness for any service that may be required of them, and will fur- nish any force that may be required by the commanders of forts or dis- tricts Page 84 84 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL These views are furnished for the information of the several com- manders, in order that they may act in furtherance of them in their several commands, and be prepared to co-operate whenever it becomes necessary. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. it S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Conimanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MExIco, Belen, N. Alex., Jan nary 11, 1862. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to report that I left Fort Craig on the 6th in- stant, with a light battery, three companies of cavalry, three of infantry (regulars), and four of infantry volunteers, and have established a reserve camp at this place with the regular troops, the volunteers having been sent back to Fort Craig to escort trains on the road to that place. The valley of the Rio Grande can be reached from the Pecos by the Abo, Mauzano, and Galisteo Passes. This point is above the Abo Pass, and is centrally and conveniently situated for the concentration of troops to meet an enemy approaching from the Pecos by either of the above routes, or if the main demonstration should be against Fort Craig, with the entire force in that direction. All the different approaches to the country are closely watched by scouts and spies, and I have no apprehension of the approach of the enemy without receiving several days notice. The available force in this part of the department, about 1,500 men, can be concentrated at this place in about twenty-four hours. I have left at Fort Craig nineteen companies1,400 menof which six are regulars, ten volunteers of several months instruction and disci- l)line, one of spies and guides, and two militia. In addition to these, Colonel Roberts has subject to his call six companies of volunteers that can join him in twenty-four hours. The most reliable accounts from the Mesilla give 2,100 men as the force of the enemy in that quarter. Our scouts on the Pecos report no force on that river within 200 miles of this place. Two regiments that left San Antonio, Tex., on the 9th and 16th of November for New Mex- ico not accounted for among the troops that have reached the Mesilla. This fact, more than any other, gives probability to the reported inva- sion by the Pecos. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. R. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Belen, N. ]Jfex., January 13, 1862. The ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: The last mail from the East brought information from private sources that the paymaster who was understood to be on his way to this country with funds for the payment of the troops has been detained at Fort Leavenworth, and that no funds would be sent out until sprin Page 85 CHAr. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. 85 Whether this report be true or not, the effect of this circulation through the couutry at this time will be exceedingly unfortunate, and it is greatly to be apprehended that the voluuteer forces already organized will melt away by desertion, and the people of New Mexico will be rendered still more apathetic than they now are, even if the disaffected of both classes are not stimulated into active opposition to the Government. The Mexicau people have no affection for the institutions of the LTuited States; they have a strong, but hitherto restrained, hatred for the Americans as a race, and there are not wanting persons who, from the commencement of their troubles, have secretly but industriously en- deavored to keep alive all the elements of discontent and fan them into flames. The long-deferred payment of the volunteers has given so much plausibility and coloring to their representation as to have produced a marked and pernicious influence upon these ignorant and impulsive people. Without crediting these reports, I think it proper to state that, unless measures are taken at an early period to remove these causes of dissat- isfaction, the consequeuceswill be in the highest degree injurious to the interests of the Government. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. 1~. S. CAXEY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO Santa P6, N. Alex., January 15 (?), 1862. Col. G. li. PKUL, Fort Union, N. Alex.: COLONEL: Your note of the 12th was received yesterday. The ques- tion you ask presents some difficulty, which I cannot decide at present. I had determined some time ago that, in con sequence of the scarcity of officers in the department, I should not consent that any officers of the Army should be taken from their appropriate duties to accept any appointmeuts in the volunteers, and in refusing the action taken in Colonel Itoberts case and your own, I urge as a reason for refusing it that, although it would add to your duties, it would remove you from those that you were then exercising. The reason cannot be urged in reference to any other officer at present. Besides this, the prejudice of the Mexicau population towards the Americans is so great that if the field officers are taken altogether from the latter class, it is to be apprehended that it will delay, if it does not defeat, the organization of these regiments. This is not, perhaps, a good military reason, but it is a necessity, from the character of the people we have to deal with. I have also instructed two or three of the most efficient volunteer officers now in the service that, if they would induce the men of their regiments to enter the service for three years, I would recommend them for commissions as field officers. Colonel Gallegos and Lieutenant- Colonel Yaldez are among them, and until I can learn what these men are going to do, I could give no definite answer to your question, even if there were no other obstacles tc a favorable answer. Very respectfully, & c., ED. R. S. CANBY, Golonel Nineteenth Irfantry, Commanding Department Page 86 86 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. IIEADQUAI~TERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Belen, January 15, 1862. Mr. JOHN WARD, Indian Agent, Cevero, N. Mex.: SIR: The department commander desires me to inform you that the Navajoes have overrun the southern part of the Territory, committing depredations in all directions, and that he wishes you to find out through friendly Indians what parties of Navajoes have left their country and their leading men, and what direction they have taken iu fine, all the information you can gather which may be useful in bringing these rob- bers to punishment. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, WM. J. L. MCODEMUS, Captain, Twelfth Infantry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MExico, Belen, N. ]Jikx., January 17, 1862. Col. M. E. PINO, Camp Gonnelly, Polvadera, N. ]JIex.: SIR: The colonel commanding the department has learned through Captain Archer that there has been a serious revolt in two of the commi- panies of your regiment, the men engaged in it alleging that they have not been paid and clothed as they were promised. Without stopping to inquire into the correctness of these complaints, he instructs me to say that all such mutinous conduct or tendencies must at once be sup- l)ressed by the most energetic measures, and all who have participated in the proceeding, either directly or in(lirectly, reduced to the most ab- solute subordination to law and discipline. In (loing this, you should make such an exhibitiou of force as will prevent any attempt to resist, but if resistance is offered, force must be used to the extent that may be necessary in order to overcome resistance and compel absolute sub- mission. Until this is accomplished, no concession or compromise can for a moment be entertained. The colonel commanding cannot believe that so serious a revolt as this is represented to be would have been undertaken if it had not beemi prompted and encouraged by designing and traitorous persons opposC(l to the Government of the United States, but too cowardly to undertake the risk of doing in person what they have prompted others to do, an(1 he desires that you will rigidly investigate this matter, and ascertain, if possible, who have been the ringleaders of the revolt. Should you need any additional force to enable you to carry omit your instructions fully, you will at once report by special express. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, WA. J. L. NICODEMUS, Captain, Twelfth Infrntry, A. A. A. G. HEADQUARTERS DEPAR~ MENT OF NEW MEXICO, Belen, N. Mex., January 20, 1862. The ADJUTANT.GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, 1). C.: SIR: In my report of the 13th I stated that the news rumored from the East by the last mail would be likely to produce an unfortunate effect upon the volunteers in this country. The news by that mail was communicated to the Mexican population and volunteers with almos Page 87 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 87 telegraphic rapidity, and the first result was a revolt in one of the companies of volunteers (militia) at Fort Union, and in two companies of the Second Pegiment Volunteers at Camp Connelly, posts 20() miles distant, but occurring within very short periods of each other, and from the same alleged causethe failing to pay and clothe theni as they had been promised. The first of these was snl)pressed by the prompt and energetic action and the excitement allayed by the prudent and judicious conduct of Colonel Paul. The second was not so easily managed, and about 30 of the mutineers made their escape and fled to the mountains. Measures were immediately taken to pursue and apprehend this party, and I do not think they can escape. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Belen, N. Mex., January 21, 1862. His Excellency H. CONNELLY, Covernor of New Mexico, Santa 176, N. Mex.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your coinmuni- cation of the 12th instnt * in relation to the protection of the inhabit- ants of the Territory against Indian depredations. In answering this communication it is proper to state the actual cir- cum stances of the country as regards the threatened invasion, the Indian depredations, and our means of resisting the first and anticipating the latter. It is known from authentic sources that three regiments were organized at and have marched from San Antonio, Tex., for the invasion of this country, and it is understood that a fourth regiment, having the same destination, was organized at Austin. Two of these regiments (Reilys and Steeles) have reached Arizona. The other two (Greens and the regiment from Austin) are not yet accounted for, and are said to be coming by the way of the Pecos. This may be considered doubtful, but the adjutant-general of Texas in his official report states the force in Arizona and New Mexico at 4,000 men, and it is safe to assume that it approximates to that number. The Indians are numerous, but less formidable from their numbers than from their subdivisions into small parties and the impracticable character of their country. The plan and scope of the Texan operations admits of the concentra- tion of their entire force in one body, and permits them to assail the Territory with the great bulk of their force at any one of several points. Our own circumstances are widely different. We have an extensive country to defend and long lines of communication to protect, and it is barely possible to keep in hand a force that will not be inferior to that which the enemy is able to send into the country. It would be exceed- ingly unwise, in my judgment, so to dissemiuate our forces that they could not be concentrated in season to meet invasion at any point that may be attempted. I appreciate fully the situation of the inhabitants of the country, and will do whatever I can to relieve them from the depredations from which they are now suftbring. As soon as advised of the force that you can * Not found Page 88 88 OPERATIONS iN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL raise aiid of the points at which it can be assembled, I will detach as large an additional force as will be prudent under existing circumstances, and will make the necessary preparations for the projected operations. I do not think it advisable to leave this section of the country, but, if you can leave Santa F6, will be happy to meet you at Albuquerque, to consult with you in relation to this matter. I cannot undertake to arm or clothe this additional force, to supply it with transportation, or forage, or provision it fully. Ammunition to a limited extent, transportation to the depots that may be established, and for subsistence, beef, flour, coffee, and sugar, can be furnished. The troops will be mustered into the service of the United States for the time they are engaged in this service, and will be subject iii all respects to the discipline and laws that govern other troops when in the service; and it must be distinctly understood by all who engage in this service that the campaigns against the Indians must be conducted in accord- ance with the laws of the United States and the policy and instructions of the War Department, and the campaign is to be made for the pur- pose of punishing the Indians and not for the sake of l)lunder or cap- tives. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. Th S. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO Belen N iXJaj. JAMES L. DONALDSON, , . Ale ., ~JaJm?ary 25[?J, 1862. Comdg. Mit. Dis. Santa P6, Santa P6, N~ hex.: MAJOR: I have received your commnunic~ition of the 26th [?J, * and I have read with some surprise that portion of it which reft~rs to an immediate movement upon Fort Fillmore. The persons who ask these (luestions are the tools of the emissaries of the Confederates. You know as well as I do that this invasion of the country has been impending for months; that it was arranged by a secretary of state of the Territory; and that it has twice failed in consequence of the pressing necessity of the Confederates in other quarters. It is a proof of a premeditated l)lan to induce the removal of the troops to the South in order that this movement may he more effective at the North. 1 do not wish any questions to be parried on my acconut; but I wish it to be sai(l distinctly that I will move when I get ready to move; and that will be when I know that the country behind inc is secured front a revolutionary movement. The present clamor I know to be instigated by enemies of the Government, fomented by emissaries, who have been busy in the exercise of this baneful influence since the middle of last month, but who have hitherto escaped detection. Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, ED. 11. 5. CANBY, Colonel Nineteenth Infantry, Commanding Department. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO, Belen, N Alex., January 25, 1862. ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C.: SIR: I have the honor to inclose a copy of a report from El Paso, (old) Mexico, which furnishes the latest information in regard to the numbers Not fQund Page 89 CHAr. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 89 and movements of the enemy. The writer is reliable, and his informa- tion no donbt correct, so far as he had the means of acquiring it. I also inclose a proclamation from the commander of the Confederate forces to the people of New Mexico. This paper is well calculated to exer- cise at this time a pernicious influence upon the least intelligent of the people. It was no doubt prepared by a former secretary of the Territory, and is part of a plan arranged before he left the country. Several of the packages intercepted are addressed to persons of influence in the Terri- tory, who at the time Mr. Jackson left undoubtedly sympathized with this movement, but do not now. What influence it will have it is impossible to determine yet; but I have put myself in communication with the most influential persons in the Territory, for the purpose of counteracting its effect. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. iR. S. CANBY, Golonet Nineteenth L~fantry, Commanding Department. [Inclosures.] General Sibley and staff arrived in El Paso about a month ago; staff officers A. M. Jackson, I. Ochiltree, Captain Dwyer, and Judge Crosby, assistant quartermaster and receiver of property to be confiscated in New Mexico. The first and second regiments are now between Itobledo and Santa Barbara, and are not fortifying themselves. They have taken only four additional pieces of artillery besides those belonging to Colonel Baylors command (two 32-pounders). General Sibley and staff were to leave Mesilla for Fort Thorn on yesterday, the 16th instant. The second regiment is expected next week. The troops are badly provisioned and armed; have had about 200 horses stolen since they passed here. Their only hope is to march into New Mexico in quick time, or engage in a war with Mexico (El Paso) to procure provisions. They have no money, and their paper is only taken by the merchants, not by the Mexicans. The Mexican population (El Paso, Mexico) arc much opl)osed to them also at Mesilla and Doiia Afia. Irisana and Ambugo goods at Mesilia have been confiscated, and that is the order of the day. S. Hart has done more to aid and assist them than the balance of the capitalists have, and has gone so far as to give a list of the principal capitalists in New Mexico, to confiscate their property, and that is their aim. January 17, 1862. Proclamation of Brig. Gen. H. II. Sibley, Army of the Confederate States, to the people of New ulfexieo. An army under my command enters New Mexico, to take possession of it in the name and for the benefit of the Cont~derate States. By geographical position, by similarity of institutions, by commercial in- terests, and by future destinies New Mexico pertains to the Confed- eracy. Upon the peaceful people of New Mexico the Confederate States wa~e no war. To them we come as friends to re-establish a govern- mental connection agreeable and advantageous both to theum and to us; to liberate them from the yoke of a military despotism erected by usurpers upon the ruins of the farmer free institutions of the United States; to relieve them from the iniquitous taxes and exactions imposed l1j)on them by that usurpation; to insure and to revere their religion, and to restore their civil and political liberties Page 90 90 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. The existing war is one most wickedly waged by the United States upon the Confederate States for the subjugation and oppression of the latter by force of arms. It has already failed. Victory has crowned the arms of the Confederate States wherever an encounter worthy of being called a battle has been joined. Witness the battles of Bull Run, of iXianassas, of Springfield, of Lexington, of J~eesburo~ of Colnm- bus, and the capture in the Mesilla Valley of the whole force of the enemy by scarcely half their number. The army under my command is ample to seize and to maintain pos- session of New Mexico against any force which the enemy now has or is able to place within its limits. It is my purpose to accomplish this object without injury to the peaceful people of the country. Follow, then, quietly your peaceful avocations, and from my forces you have nothing to fear. Your persons, your families, and your property shall be secure and safe. Such forage and supplies as my army shall require will be purchased in open market andpaid forat fair prices. If destroyed or removed to prevent me from availing myself of them, those who so co-operate with our enemies will be treated accordingly, and must pre- pare to share their fate. It is well known to me that many among you have already been forced by intimidation or inveigled by fraud into the ranks of our foes. The day will soon arrive when you can safely abjure their service. When it comes, throw down your arms and disperse to your homes, an dyon are safe. But persist in the service, and you are lost. When the authority of the Confederate States shall be established in New Mexico, a government of your best men, to be conducted upon principles with which you are familiar and to which you are attached, will be inaugurated. Your religious, civil, and political rights and lib- erties will be re-established and maintained sacred and intact. In the mean time, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the President and Government of the Confederate States I abrogate and abolish the law of the Uimited States levying taxes upon the people of New Mexico. To my old conirades in arms, still in the ranks of the usurpers of their Government and liberties, I appeal in the name of former friendship: Drop at once the arms which degrade you into the tools of tyrants, renounce their service, and array yourselves under the colors of justice and freedom! I am empowered to receive you into the service of the Confederate States; the officers upon their commissions, time men upon their enlistments. By every principle of law and morality you are exon- erated from service in the ranks of our enemies. ~You never engaged in the service of one l)ortion of the old Union to fight against another portion, who, so far from being your enemies, have ever been your best friends. In the sight of God and man, you are justified in renouncing a service iniquitous in itself and in which you never engaged. Done at headquarters of the Army of New Mexico by me this 20th day of December, A. D. 1861. 11. 11. SIBLEY, Brigadier- General, Army (J. S. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC, Col. JAMES II. CARLETON, San Francisco, Cal., January 31, 1862. Colonel First Regiment of Infantry, California Volunteers: COLONEL: My proposition to the General-in-Chief to organize an ex- pedition under your command, to consist of your own regiment, th Page 91 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 91 First Cavalry Regiment, and a light battery, to move from the south- eastern frontier of this State, was immediately approved at headquar- ters. The objects of the expedition you are fully aware ofthe recapture of all our forts in Arizona and New Mexico, driving the rebel forces out of that country or capturing them, and opening the southern mail route. Every exertion has been and is still being made to provide yonr com- mand with everything necessary to insure success, and had it not been for the unprecedented continuance of the rain, which made it impossible for the troops or wagons to move, an advance could have been made before this time. The light artillery battery, Company A, Third Artillery, commanded by First-Lieutenant Shun, is now at the Presidio, and will be sent to you as soon as the roads are passable. Four companies of the cavalry and seven companies of the Fifth Infantry have already been sent to your district. The remainder of the Fifth will be sent down soon. I desire that you dispose of these troops in the manner you may deem best calculated to preserve the peace and quiet of the district. When you finally advance, the command of the district of Southern California will be devolved on Colonel Bowie or the senior officer then present. I do not consider it necessary to be more minute in regard to the ob- ject to be accompli~hed or the mode of effecting it; with the first you are well acquainted, and as far as the second, I take great pleasure in assuring you that I confide everything to your well-known skill, zeal, and gallantry. I shall take occasion to write to you again before you commene~ your march, and give you all the information possible. Wishing you success, I am, colonel, yours, most truly, Brigadier- General, U. S. Arrny,Gorirnanding. CONFEDERATE CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. INSPECTOR-GENERALS OFFICE, Richmond, Va., June 12, 1861. Brig. Gen. EARL VAN DORN, Gomdg., & c., San Antonio, Tex.: GENERAL: Herewith you will receive a requisition for twenty com- panies of infantry, to be raised within the State of Texas, made by authority of the President of the Con federate States. The recent law of Congress, passed at Montgomery, empowers the President to receive into the service of the Confederate States for the war, unless sooner discharged, companies of men from the several States, to be organized by him into battalions, squadrons, or regiments. But this organization will not take place until the arrival of sach companies at any point xvhich may be designated by the Executive. It will therefore be understood that the first enrollment will be by companies, the officers of such com- panies to be elected by the men. To carry into effect this requisition, you will, when requested by the governor of the State of Texas, order an officer of the Army of the Con- federate States to act as mustering officer at such points as may be designated by the governor (not expected to be more than two), by whom the several companies, with their organizations, will be mnastereu into service. lt is the order of the President that the companies com- ing from Texas shall be fully armed, four of them with rifles, if practi- cable Page 92 92 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL Orders for the supply of arms, ammunition, camp and garrison equip- age, clothing, transportation to the points of embarkment, and quar- termaster and commissary stores, are to be issued to the proper officcrs in Texas. Such as cannot be there supplied will be provided at this place or at such other point as may be deemed important. The organization of a company of inthutry is, one captain, one first awl two second lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals, two musicians, amid not more than 100 nor less than 64 privates. The ticid and staff officers are tobe appointed by the President, after the companies shall have been em- bodied into regiments, on their arrival at the point designated by him. 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. PUCIIMoND, June 12, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President Confederate States: SIR: In accordance with your direction I have the honor to submit the following memoir for defense of the coast of Texas: For the mouth of the Sabine River, two 24-pounders and one company. For Galveston Island, four or five 8-inch colnmbiads,in addition to their present supply, and, relying upon the volunteers of the city, three coin- panies would suffice. I would, however, recommend five if they could be granted. At the mouth of the Brazos River, one 24-pounder siege carriage and one company. At Pass Cavallo, three 32-pounders and two companies. At Aransas, two 24-pounders and one company. At Sabine the town amounts to very little, but a railroad runs up the river connecting with the road from Houston to New Orleans. Sabine and Houston are now connected by rail. A battery on Texas Point, at the mouth of the river, would keep off anything that could enter unre- sisted and resist a boat landing successfully, as, except on the Texas Point, the ground is so soft no landing on the flanks of a battery could be made. A small party once established at Sabine City could break up all the railroad communication from Houston to New Orleans (now not complete, but expected to be soon finished). At Galveston an enemy could have no oL~ject in coming into the har- bor as a means of injury to the town. He could lay off the Gulf beach in gunboats, shell and burn the city, unless kept at a (listarice by heavy guns, or might use the roadstead inside the bar for a harbor of refuge unless driven away. The number of guns proposed, with what I sup- pose are already in Galveston, will suffice. I would suggest that a part of the force at Galveston should be mounted. The Brazos River is 42 miles from Galveston; is connected by canal with Galveston Bay. A large quantity of cotton an(l sugar is trans- ported by that route. One 24-pounder siege carriage is all I think necessary. Pass Cavallo, entrance to Matagorda Bay, from whence the principal roads to Austin and San Antonio start, seven to ten feet on the bar. Three 32-pounders, one on ~ Point and two at the light-house, will do well. Aranzas.The bar has seven to ten feet water. From the mainland a good road to San Antonio and Western Texas via Goliad. Brazos Santiago, I understand from Major Marshall, is already pro- vided for. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. II. STEVENS, Captain Engineers, C. S. Army Page 93 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 93 ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, Richmond, July 8, 1861. Brig. Gen. II. II. SIBLEY, Richmond, Va.: SIR: In view of your recent service ill New Mexico and knowledge of that country and the people, the President has intrusted you with the important duty of driving the Federal troops from that department, at the same time securing all the arms, supplies, and materials of war. You are authorized to take into the Confederate States service all dis- affected officers and soldiers on the original commissions of the former and enlistments of the latter. You will proceed without delay to Texas, and in concert with Briga- dier-General Van Dorn organize, in the speediest manner possible, from the Texas troops, two full regiments of cavalry and one battery of how- itzers, and such other forces as you may dcciii necessary. If successful in accomplishing the object herein indicated, the President directs that you will, in the exercise of a sound discretion, proceed to organize a military government within the Territory, the detail of which you will submit to him at the earliest possible moment. The instructions being of a general nature, it is not deemed uecessary to confine you to matters of detail which may from time to time arise. Jn this respect you will be guided by circumstances and your own good judgment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, Richmond, July 8, 1861. His Excellency Governor CLARK, Austin, Ic SIR: General II. II. Sibley has instructions from the President to pio- ceed to Texas, there to organize a brigade of mounted troops for certain purposes. It is respectfully requested that you will extend to General Sibley such facilities in your power as will best insure his early success in raising this force. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War. ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, Richmond, July 9, 1861. Brig. Gen. EARL VAN DORN, Gomdg., & c., San Antonio, Tex.: GENERAL: General Sibley, under instructions from the President, is to proceed to Texas, there to carry out, in concert with yourself, certaiu measures of which he will advise you upon his arrival at San Antonio. It is desired that you will extend every facility to General Sibley in suc- cessfully carrying out his instructions, supplying as far as possible the material for the armament and equipment of his command, and such needful supplies as he may require from the (lifferent depots under your control. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, S. COOPER, Adjutant and Iwpector General Page 94 94 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT No. 1 C . S. ARMY, New Orleans,La., July 24, iSGi. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War: SIR: I have been credibly informed by gentlemen just from Galves- ton that the commander of the blockading ship before that place has demanded that he shall have free communication with the Union men ashore, and if denied he will shell the town. There are no heavy guns at Galveston; consequently it is at the mercy of the enemy. My aide- dc-camp, Capt. F~. Higgins, late of the U. S. Navy, a most energetic and accomplished officer, volunteers to take to Galveston, via Berwiek Bay, one or more 9-inch guns. By placing them in battery on the island he is confident that he can drive the ship off or sink her in twenty-four hours. I have great confidence in Captain iliggins, and i)nt for the exigency of the case would not consent to his leaving the city. Indeed, I have so high an opinion of his experience and skill, that I would gladly see hitn placed in charge of the naval (lefenses of this coast. Very respectfully, your obedient servant~D. E. TWIGGS, Major- General, Commanding. STATE OF TEXAS, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Austin, Texas, July 27, 1861. Capt. T. A. WASHINGTON, Asst. Adjt. Gem, San Antonio, Te SIR: I have the honor to inciose to you a copy of a communication received to-day from the War Department, by the governor of the State, who wishes it to be brought to the knowledge of General Van Dorn.* The call is not explicit as to the nature of the arm required by the Presi- dent. Considering the slo~vness of the mails between fexas and Rich- mond, the governor cannot refer the matter to the War Department, and wishes to receive on the subject the opinion of the general, who may have received fuller instructions. Cavalry could be raise(l at once; it will be more difficult to raise infantry. Will one or two companies of artillery be received ~ Do the words These camps will be nnder the control of this depart- mont mean that the troops are to be supplied and paid by the Conted- crate States ~ In view of the condition of our public treasury, the State could not bear such a burden for any length of time. The Secretary of War leaves to the governor the selection of two cainl) grounds for the concentration of the conipanies. His excellency feeling the necessity of a harmonious action betweeim the civil and muihi- tary authorities in Texas, and considering that the general is the best judge as to the accessibility of the places and their relative advantages nuder the strategic point of view, desires to receive his suggestions on the subject. I have also the honor to inclose to you a copy of Special Orders, No. 18, from this department, relative to the organization of a force under the authority of the State of Texas, to 1)0 kept in rea(iiness to meet any emergencies on the frontiers of Missouri and Arkansas. These orders have been communicated to nobody except the officers concerned in the or~anization. The governor believes that they ought to be kept secret * Reference is to requisition of June 30, 1861, upon the several governors, the call upon Texas being for 2,000 men. See Vol. I, Series IV, pp. 260, 261 Page 95 CHAr. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 95 as long as possible to avoid giving too early information to the enemy. These troops have been organized in snch a manner as to come within the provisions of the act of Congress of March 67 1861, For public de- fense, except the brigadier-generals, who could not preserve their com- missions under the authorities of the Confederate States. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, X. B. DEBI~AY, Aide-dc-camp and Assistant Adjutant- General. [Inclosure.] SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. TEX. STATE TROOPS, A. G. 0., No. 18. Austin, Tex., July 25, 1861. The governor of the State, taking into consideration the gloomy as- pect of affairs in Missouri, the dangers threatening the State of Arkansas and the friendly Indian nations iu the territory, being firmly convinced that the integrity of our own territory depends upon the success of Southern arms in Missouri, and apprehending that this success cannot be secured without the assistance of Texas, and in the absence of any legislative enactments making provisions for or even anticipating the actual emergencies, has taken npon himself the responsibility of calling into the active service of the State an adequate force to place Texas in a proper military attitude on her northern frontier: Therefore I. The regiment already raised by Col. W. C. Young, in the seventh and eighth military districts of the State, and stationed in the Indian Territory, is accepted into the service of the State. The sixth military district, composed of the counties of Kaufman, Van Zandt, Wood ,Up- slur, Harrison, Henderson, Smith, Rusk, and Panola, shall furnish one regiment of mounted troops, to be organized under the superintendence of Col. M. F. Locke, of Upshur, aide-de-camnp to the governor. The seventh military district, composed of the counties of Lamar, ited River, Bowie, Hopkins, , Cass, and Marion, shall furnish five companies of mounted troops, under the superintendence of Col. XV. C. Batte, of Titus, aide-dc-camp to the governor. The eighth military district, composed of the counties of Fannin, Hunt, G-rayson, Collin, , l)enton, Tarrant, and Cooke, shall furnish five companies of mounted troops, to be organ- ized under the supervision of Col. AT. C. Young, aide-de-camp to the gov- ernor. Time ninth military district, composed of the counties of Ellis, Hill, Navarro, MeLennan, Linmestone, Freestone, Bell, Falls, Johnson, and Williamson, shall furnish one regiment of mounted troops, to be organized under the supervision of Col. W. II. Parsons, aide-dc-camp to the governor. II. The whole force thns organized shall constitute a division, to be known as the First Texas Division. III. The division shall be divided into two brigades. The First Brigade, composed of the First Regiment (Colonel You ~gs) and the Second Regi- inent, raised in the seventh and eighth military districts the Second Brigade, composed of the Third Regiment, raised in the sixth military district, and the Fourth Regiment, raised in the nimmtlm military district. The command of the division shall be intrusted by the governor to one cf the brigadier-generals, elected as follows : * * * * * * * * * XIV. The troops of the division shall be governed in all points by the Regulations of the Army of the Confederate States, and by such orders Details of organization omitted Page 96 96 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHM~. XI. and instructions as they may from time to time receive from the adju- tant-general of the State. The governor, in making an appeal to the citizens of the State ~ take arms for the protection of onr territory and liberties, assures them that every exertion shall be made to secure their comfort, so far as is com- patible with the resources of the country. They may have to endure the hardships and privations incident to a campaign in a sparsely-settled country; they will meet them with the patriotic abnegation which has always inspired the Texan soldier. The credit of the State will be pledged for procnring supplies until the necessary appropriations ame made. There is not at present one single dollar in the treasnry to pay the troops; but the governor will press the subject upon the next legis- lature, and knows that our chivalric soldiers will bear cheerfnlly with the delay in remunerating them for their services. They are not hire- lings; they rush to arms for the defense of their families, friends, and liberties. By order of the governor: WM. BYJ~D, Adjutant- General. WAn DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., Richmond, August 1, 1861. Brig. Gen. BEN. MCCULLOCH: Sin: I am directed by the Secretary of War to invite your attention to the following suggestions contained in a letter written to the Presi- dent by Chief Justice M. H. MeWillie, La Mesilla, Ariz., and dated 3()th of June, 1861, to wit: Lincoln has recently ordered the organization in New Mexico of at least two full regiments of mounted volunteers, chiefly for service in Arizona and on the Texas fron- tier. One of the officers, as I am informed is none other than the infamous Salazer, of the Santa F6 prisoners notoriety in 1839. These regiments, under the command ot Fre(i. P. Stanton, of Kansas, are to be in readiness by the 1st of August. There will be about 2,000 United States regulars. As nearly as I can learn, it is intended to con- centrate all the regular forces and one reginient of volunteers at Fort Fillmore, 18 miles from the Texas border, early in tbe same month. As soon as the volunteers are ready t.he two regiments United States infantry will leave this department for the Stal es. Two regiments of rifles and dragoons will remain. The infantry, before leav- ing, will concentrate near Santa F6, then take up the line ot march by way of the Independence road to Fort Leavenworth. A convoy with $250,000 recently left the last-named post destined for this depot, to pay off the troops before they leave. Now, might it not be well, secretly of course and at an early moment, to fit out an expedition to New Mexico, under command of General MeCulloch, by way of the Canadian, before Lincolns troops are put in motion for the States ~? The stores, sup- plies, and munitions of war within New Mexico and Arizona are immense, and I am decidedly of opinion that the game is well worth the amuninition. This movenient, if undertaken soon enough, would undoubtedly have the ciThet to overawe and intim- idate the Mexican element, which comprises at least nineteen-twentieths of onr entire population. It is furthermore my impression it is intended to make a descent upon Fort Bliss, in Texas, less than 50 miles distant, garrisoned by 160 infantry, Captain Teds com- pany artillery, and two companies Texas cavalry. The expedition, I su~gest, would relieve Texas, open communication to the Pacific, and break the line of operations, which, with Lane and Montgomery in Kansas, Stanton in our Territory, Corwine in Mexico, the blockade of our ports and complete possession of our northern frontier is designed to circnmvallate the South. One regiment of Cherokees or Choctaws, well mounted, would inspire more wholesome terror in the Mexican population than an army of Americans. Such an expedition would prove a strategic movement of im- portance to the South. These interests are communicated for your information. Respectfully, A. T. BLEDSOE, Chief of Bureau of War Page 97 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 97 SAN ANTONIO, TEX., August 10, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War, Richmond, Va.: Sin: I have the honor to report that I have called upon the governor of Texas for ten companies of infantry, to be stationed at Galveston, for the defense of that island and city, and that I have appointed, subject to the approval of the President, the following field officers: Capt. J. C. Moore, C. S. Army, colonel; Mr. J. T. Ward, lieutenant-colonel; Maj. X. B. Debray, major. Colonel Moore is now in command of the defenses of Galveston and captain in the Army. Mr. J. T. Ward has been con- nected with the U. S. Army for six or eight years, and is well qualified for the position I have assig-ned him. Major Debray will hand you this letter, and you may judge for yourself of his qualifications. I hope you will be pleased to approve of these appointments, as well as of my call- ing upon the governor for the regiment. I am so isolated from the head- quarters of the Army that I am compelled to act a little independent of the usual authorities, and to assume responsibilities not given me by the Regulations of the Army. I expect in a day or two to receive a reply to my dispatch sent to you by Mr. Sweet, of this city. If I (10 not, I shall call upon the governor for ten more companies, to be stationed at Fort Brown. The troops now there will not muster into the service of the Confederate States for the war, and I will be compelled to replace them by others who will. It is advisable, without doubt to have at least a regiment there. I respect- fully recommend the following gentlemen to the comniand .as field officers: Col. P. N. Luckett, now quartermaster-general of this State, appointed by the Convention, and a West ~ as colonel; for lieu- tenant-colonel, A. Buchel, of Indianola, formerly of the army in Mexico; served under General Davis at Buena Vista; as major, E. F. Gray, for- muerly of the Navy, of Houston. These gentlemen I shall appoint sub- ject to your apl)rOval. It will be gratitWing to you to learn of the complete success of Colonel Baylors expedition against the U. S. troops in New Mexico; 700 pris- oners of war were taken, with their arms, & c. I have not as yet received the official report, but have some of the facts from eye-witnesses of the surrender. I hear from headquarters but seldom ,and am inclined to believe that my letters are iutercei)ted. The governor of the State has received un- port ant dispatches from you in regard to the raising of troops for the Confederate service. I have received nothing. Au interchange of several shots between our batteries and the block- ading vessels took place at Galveston the other day. One man, a citi- zen, was killed by a shell from the South Carolina. The vessels were driven off. Very respectfully, sir, I am, your obedient servant, EARL VAN DORN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. RICHMOND, August 14, 1861. General P. 0. IftEERT, New Orleans, La.: You are appointed a brigadier-general in the Provisional Army, and assigned to the Department of Texas. Your attention is specially di- rected to the coast defenses of Texas. General Van Dorn has been ordered here for duty. You will proceed at once to Galveston, where 7 R RVOL I Page 98 [CHAP. XI. 98 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. your orders will follow you, and communicate to General Van Dorn the order for huin to report here for duty. The mails are so irregular that its transmission in that way would probably delay it. L. P. WALKER. SPECIAL ORDERS ) ADJT. AND INSP. GEN.S OFFICE No. 123. Richmond, Va., August 14, 1861. I. Commander W. W. Hunter, C. S. Navy, will proceed to Galveston and report to General Earl Van Dorn for duty as superintendent in charge of the works for the defense of the coast of Texas. * * * * * * * XVII. Gen. Earl Van Dorn will turn over the command of the De- partment of Texas to the officer next in rank in the State, and will repair immediately to this city and report to the Adjutant-General. XVIII. The command of the Department of Texas is assigned to Brig. Gen. Paul 0. Hubert, Provisional Army. He will immediately repair to San Antonio, Tex, and assume the command. * * * * * * * By command of the Secretary of War: JNO. WITHERS, Assistant Adjutant- General, RIcmxIoNn, VA~, August 28, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary 9f War: SIR: I have the honor to report to you that I have been instructed by the governor of Texas, as his aide-de-camp, to proceed to this city for ihe purpose of conferring with your honor on subjects connected with the military standing and defense of Texas, and which are now respectfully laid before you: The governor of Texas being convinced that the integrity of the soil of Texas greatly depends upon the success of the Southern cause in Missouri, and moved by an appeal to the people of Arkansas and Texas (published at the beginning of July by General Ben. McCulloch) ordered on the 25th ultimo the raising and concentration on Red River of 3,000 mounted men, besides the regiment commanded by Col. W. C. Young, which has been occupying for several months Forts Arbuckle, Cobb, and Washita, under the authority of Texas, and at the request of the Chickasaw Indians. These troops were to have completed their organization into regiments on the 20th instant, the men sup- plying their own horses and arms, and taking service for twelve months, unless sooner discharged. The success of our arms in Mis- souri, the friendly feelings of the Territory Indians, except, however, the Cherokees, and also the approach of the winter season, seem to re- move any l)lausible contingency of an ilnme(liate attack on the northern frontier of Texas, but it is probable that in fall or winter one or perhaps several simultaneous attacks will be attempted on our coast, which ex- tends over several hundred miles, and is very sparsely inhabited, except the vicinity of Galveston Island. We must therefore prepare to meet any contingency in that quarter, and considering the vast extent of the territory of Texas, the slowness of mail communications, and the want of railroad transportation, these preparations cannot be made too soon. To meet these exigencies the governor charged me to respectfully re- quest that the force above referred to be accepted into the service o Page 99 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 99 the Confederate States. Texas cannot support them for a longer term than one month. Should the acceptance of their services be declined, it will become necessary to disband them. The State of Texas raised in Mai ch last a force of five companies to take possession of and occupy Fort Brown and Ringgold Barracks, on the Rio Grande. The men who compose it enlisted Rr six months, and their period of service expires on the 9th of September. They refuse to re-enlist unless they are relieved for more active service from these sta- tions, in which they have labored very hard to restore the old fort and to give a greater extension to its works. If some steps are not taken at once to garrison these two points, that frontier will be unprotected at a time when the probable complication of political aff-iirs in Mexico and the presence of a blockading force render urgent the presence of an effi- cient force on the Rio G-rande. The governor received on the 29th of July a requisition from your honor, dated June 30, for 2,000 men, to be kept 111 camps of instruction on two accessible points. The governor communicated with General Van Dorn to ask his opinion as to the location of these camps. The general, having received no orders on the subject from your Depart- ment, could give no answer. The governor would wish to know whether these troops are to receive their subsistence from the Confederate States or the State, and whether the camps must be accessible to some particular point or points of defense or merely to subsistence and stores. General Van Dorn made a requisition on the governor for ten com- panies of infantry to garrison Galveston Jslaiid. These troops are now raised. Their term of service is for the war, unless sooner discharged. They are now awaiting their organization into a regiment. In compliance with a communication from your honor, delivered to the governor by an officer of General Sibleys staff, the raising of his brigade was progressing when I left Texas, and its organization must have been completed by this time. The mcii are to serve for the war, and to supply their own horses and arms. Sixteen companies are miow on the nmarch from Texas to Virginia. Their first column, composed of five companies, was at Nibletts Bhfi; La., on the 16th instant. Two other detachments were to follow at two days interval each. The twenty companies for which a requisition had been made from your Department were complete, but six of them were carried out of the State by Colonel Greer without the knowledge of the governor, who, so soon as he was ai~rised of the fact, took steps to supply the deficiency. in conclusion, I would beg to state that the people of Texas are now fully impressed with the earnestness of the struggle bronght upon us, and will answer with alacrity any call from the President of the Con- federate States. The imperfection of the militia law of the State has been a source of difficulty for the executive. flowever, upon his sug- gestions the people are organizing, and about four hundred militia companies were reported to the adjutant-gemierals office on the 9th in- stant, the organization still progressing. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, X. B. DEBIIAY, Aide-dc-Camp to the Governor of Texas. The governor of Texas tenders to the Confederate States the services of four mounted regiments, fully armed and equipped. One of these regiments has been for several months occupying Forts Cobb, Arbuckle Page 100 100 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL and Washita, under the authority of the State of Texas and with the consent of the Chickasaw Indians. The term of service of these troops is one year, if not sooner discharged. They are now stationed on Red River and Trinity River, awaiting further orders. X. B. DEBRAY, Aide-de- Camp to the Governor of Texas. WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., Richmond, August 31, 1861. Col. X. B. DEBRAY, Aide-de- Camp to the Governor of Texas: SIR: Your report on the military standing and defense of Texas, made to this Department nuder instructions front the governor of that State, has been received and attentively considered. I acknowledge with profound pleasure the zeal of the people and the energies of the government of Texas in behalf of the general cause, and it gratifies me to give assurance to your authorities of the disposition and earnestness of this Department to co-operate with them to the fullest extent within the limits of its powers. Those troops which have been called into service under the requisition of this Department will be paid and sub- sisted by the Confederate Government. It is desired that they shall be placed in camps of instruction, to be designated by the governor of Texas. Drill officers will be assigned to them, if possible, wheii this Department comes to be informed that they have been mustered into service. When arms are procured they will be armed and receive marching orders. With regard also to the troops called out by Gen- eral Van Dorn, they will be accepted by this Department, aiid be also paid and subsisted by this Government; but in reference to the troops called ont on the mere motion of the governor of Texas, this J)epart- ment must first be advised concerning the necessity for their services before they can be accepted, and as to this it awaits to hear from the comman(ling general in the Department of Texas. It will at once occur to you that the Government could not preserve its integrity and assume the responsibility of paying and subsisting the troops that each and every State of the Confederacy might choose to draw into the field. The general commanding in Texas has been instructed not to permit the public welfare to suffer in that State, either upon the borders or in the interior, and the Departm~nt has ~great confidence in his ability, sagacity, and patriotism. It is hoped this officer and the governor of Texas will freely communicate with each other, and that they co-operate in all measures best calculated to secure peace and safety at every point. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War. GENERAL ORDERS, IIDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 17. f San Antonio, Tex., September 4, 1861. By orders from the War Department the undersigned has been re- lieved in command of the Department of Texas, and is directed to report at the headquarters of the Army, at Richmond. He takes leave of the troops and of the people of Texas with unfeigned regret. From them he has, as military commander, received at all times their most heart Page 101 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 101 co-operation and assistance, and as a private citizen such uniform kind- ness and attention, that he would do injustice to himself did he not here, oji the eve of his departure from among them, express both his thanks for their kindness and his regret that he has to leave them. The command, until the arrival of General H6bert, is turned over to Col. Henry E. MeCulloch, than whom there is not a more reliable soldier and pure gentleman in the Army of the Confederacy. Brig. Gen. P. 0. H6bert, to whom the command ultimately falls, was the most distinguished graduate of his class at West Point; afterwards an officer in the Engineer Corps (Corps de Genie); then the lieutenant- colonel of a regiment of infantry during the war between the Unit~1 States and Mexico, and subsequently the governor of the State of Louis- iana. He is an able general and a high-toned gentleman. The troops of Texas will find no cause to complain of the change of commanders. The undersigned further returns his special thanks to the staff officers at these headquarters for their valuable assistance: Maj. Sackfield Macku, chief quartermaster; Capt. T. A. Washington, assistant adju- tant-general; Capt. J. F. Minter, assistant quartermaster and cominis- sary; Surgeon Langworthy, and Lieutenant Haskeli, ordnance officer. Their energy, skill, and devoted hard labor, in the discharge of their duties in their respective departments, relieved hinii from painful anxiety, and gave such harmony to the working of the affairs of the departineiit, that there has been no confusion and no deficiency, except where mate- rial was wanting and where time and distance were incompatible. The command of the Department of Texas is here given up by the un- dersigned to Col. Henry B. McCulloch, and he bids you farewell. EAHL VAN D0It~, Brigadier- (iencral, Provisional Army. B \1~CUTIYE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., September 7, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary ~f War: SIR: Immediately upon the receipt of youi~ communication of the 7th ultimo, upon the subject of providiiig clothing for our soldiers, the ac- companying addresses were issued to the people of Texas. I have no fear that our people will fail to comply promptly with this call upon their patriotism. Indeed, they had in many places anticipated the views and wishes of Government, and gone to work in the holy cause. The greatest difficulty apprehended is the adoption of a plan of operations which will render our contributions speedily available. I trust the one proposed will prove so. Allow me to suggest that a large amount of wool can be purchased in Texas for Confederate bonds or notes, which could be converted into cloth at our penitentiary, capable of turning out 1,000 yards per day, and rapidly made into clothing in sections of the country contiguous to the penitentiary. This would, of course, require an agent or agents to purchase the wool and to provide for its manufacture into the articles desired. It would also be expected that the State be saved from loss on account of the appropriation of the time and labor of the penitentiary to the above purpose, unless for the support and success of our cause it becomes necessary for her to perform this service gratuitously. Any suggestions which you can make to improve or expedite the plan prol)osed to accomplish the object desired will be gladly received. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWARD CLARK Page 102 102 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. LCHAP. XL [Inclosures.] EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., August 31, 1861. To the People of Texas: The war in which we are now engaged will in all probability be pro- longed for many months to come, and our soldiers exposed to the rigors of a winters campaign, and it becomes the demand of patriotism and of duty that the people should supply them with those things which are essential to their comfort. This caii be effected at but little inconven- ience and trifling expense to the people, and it will result in very mate- rial aid to the Government. Accordingly I wish to advise the forma- tion in every county of a committee or society, whose duty it shall be to solicit and receive from every family in the county a blanket or comfort- able. The articles thus contributed will be of little or no inconvenience to the family contributing, yet, when aggregated together, they will afford an immense snpply for our sick and wounded soldiers. The coin- mittee or society should box up the contributions it may receive, and have them transported to Houston, Marshall, Sherman, Dallas, Austin, or San Antonio, from which points they can be sent forth wherever they may be needed. 1t is particularly requested that all supplies of this character which can be sent to Houston be forwarded thither without delay, and from that point they can readily be conveyed to our army in Virginia. In those instances where it is impossible to send contribu- tions to either of the points designated, they shonld be taken in charge by the local committee, and held subject to the order of the governor of Texas. In addition to these voluntary contributions for the sick and wounded, our soldiers will require clothing; and I further suggest that all articles of heavy clothing which can be made in the different communities be at once put into shape. This clothing will be paid for in the bonds of the Confederate States, and thus its manufacture may become the means of giving occupation to many persons throughout the State who would otherwise be unemployed. Of course the committee or society should also take the management and control of this business into its hands. I will presume to offer no further suggestions. it is believed that Southern aid societies will be formed in every community, and they will judge best of the immediate means to be employed in accomplishing the end proposed. EDWARD CLARK. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Austin, Tex., September 4, 1861. To the People of Texas: The Secretary of War of the Confederate States has requested the State executive to have made up, at an early day, a large quantity of woolen clothing, to supply the wants of the Army, to be charged to tl~e Confederate Government. The medical purveyor has also asked aid from the executive to a plan to procure blankets for the sick and wounded of the Army. He suggests, very wisely, that almost every family, with little or no inconvenience to itself, can contribute a blanket or comfort- able to his Department. Warmly approving these suggestions, the executive issued his address, of the 31st ultimo, inviting the formation in every county in the State o Page 103 CHAP. Xi.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 103 a society or committee to solicit and receive heavy clothing, blankets, comfortables, and other articles, which will be needed by our Army dur- ing the coming winter. The military stores thus furnished will be paid for in the bonds of the Confederate States. To effectuate this plan depots will be established at central points, nnder the superintendence of the following agents, viz: At Jelkrson, W. P. Sauffley; at Henderson, J. II. Parsons; at Palestine, A. E. Mc- Lnre; at Dallas, Dr. Samuel Pryor; at Sherman, W. ~E. Sanders at Waco,J.W. Speight; at Austin, W. H. D. Carrington; at San Antonio, Vance & Bro.; at Victoria, William S. Glass; at Houston, E. W. Taylor; at Beaumont, John J. Herring. They will receive and forward to the proper destination the contri- butions of the county associations and of the citizens generally, and, whenever necessary, may furnish transportation and incur other ex- penses growing properly out of the discharge of their duties, on the faith and credit of the Confederate States. The State itself will sustain that credit to the utmost limit of its resources. All valid accounts for military stores thus furnished, or otherwise contracted by each agent iu the discharge of his duties, will be certified by him to this office, where the same will be examined, approved, and registered. The county societies will forward their contributions to the agents at the most con- venient or accessible depots. Each of the agents at Henderson, Palestine, Dallas, Sherman, Waco, Anstiii, San Antonio, and Victoria will forward his collections to the most accessible depot, either at Jefferson, Houston, or Beaumont, and directed to the agent at that point. General depots will be established at the latter points, from which the military stores thus accumulated will be transported or distributed, under the directions of the President of the Confederate States. The agents designated for these purposes will also receive contributions from the county associations, private individuals, or any other quarter. The State executive has received assurances from the managers of the dilThrent railroad companies in Texas that they will transport troops and military stores intended for the defense of the country free of charge. To give vigor, efficiency, and life to this plan, the great body of our citizens must lend to it their persevering and active labors. No appeal can be necessary to arouse them to early and efficient action to prevent a frequent recurrence among the brave youth whom we have sent from our mild climate to Virginia and Missouri of the horrors of Valley Forge. No time should be lost. Winter will soon be upon them. WA. BYI~D, Adjutant- General. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, STATE OF TEXAS, Au8tin, Tex., September 9, 1861. Col. H. E. MOCULLOCH, Prov. Army 0. 5., Gonidg. Dept Sa Antonio, Tex.: COLONEL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your com- munication of the 6th instant to the governor; also, in the same mailm one of the 5th instant, of Capt. D. C. Stith, C. S. Army, assistant adju- tant-general, in reply to mine of the 29th ultimo, addressed to General Van Dorn.* * None of these found Page 104 104 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. The following is a recapitulation of the several requisitions made by General Vaix Born upon the governor for coast defense, viz: Ten coin- panies of infantry for Fort Brown, or the Lower IRio Grande; ten com- panies of infantry for Galveston; two corn panies of artillery for Mata- gorda or San Luis; one company of artillery for Indianola; one company of artillery for Sabine Pass; three companies of artillery for Fort Brown (one of them a light battery): making in all seven companies of artillery. One company of cavalry for the coast between Sabine Pass and I3olivar Point; three companies of cavalry for Galveston Island; one co mnpany of cavalry for the coast between Matagorda and Indianola: making in all five companies of cavalry. In addition to the foregoing requisition, General Van Born called upon the governor for an armed regiment of iiifantry for the vicinity of Victoria. Under this latter requisition I have ordered four armed companies to San Antonio, to be mnstered into the service of the Confederate States. In addition to these requisitions the President has called upon the governor for 2,000 men, to be sta- tioned in two camps of instruction. I presume General Van Born in- tended his requisitions as exclusive and additional to this requisition of the President. We are bending all our energies to the work of filling these calls. It may perhaps be difficult to organize efficient artillery companies. They may, however, become so from subsequent instruc- tion. The President, in his call, designed two camps of instruction. The governor authorizes me to say that he will, in accordance with your suggestion, designate Victoria as a l)Oint for one of the camps. It will, of course, have to be located by one of your officers. Companies will be ordered there immediately to be mustered into the Confederate service. In his communication of the 22d ultimo, addressed to the governor, General Van Born stated that the troops for Galveston would report to Colonel Moore. Those for the small posts would go to their stations and report to the general, to be mustered into service. Those for Victoria and the Lower Rio Grande were to go to San Antonio. I quote very nearly his own language. It will be impracticable to send ten armed companies to San Antonio for Victoria under General Van I)orns requi- sition. Shall we send the whole ten, including armed and unarmed com- panies ~ It is likely the general designed ten companies, at all events, for Victoria. I have ordered Captain Ileuss, commanding an artillery company at Indianola, and who was recommended by Captain Buchel, to report to you under the requisition for an artillery company for Indianola. I suppose the general intended to station it at Sabine. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. BYRD, Adjutant- General. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., September 14, 1861. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War, Hichmond, Va.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 19th nlthno, to the effect~ that the regiment of cavalry which went from Texas and joined Brigadier-General MeCulloch at Fort Smith, about the 30th of July, were denied arms by the authorities of Texas upon his (McCnllochs) requisition therefor. In reply it will be sufficient to state the following facts: 1st. No requisition was made upon the authorities of Texas for arms for the above-mentioned regiment Page 105 # CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 105 2d. Had such a requisition ~been made, it were entirely beyond the power of Texas to comply with its demands, from the fact that the State was, and continues to be, destitute of arms, those arms seized by Texas from United States troops having been transferred to the Government of the Confederate States on or about the 10th of April. 3d. The authorities of Texas did not receive a word of official infor- mation in reference to this regiment, either from the Secretary of War, General MeCulloch, or from Colonel Greer, commanding the regiment. It was authorized, organized, and removed from the State independent of State authorities, and without their official knowledge. The only thing approximating a requisition which has been received is a letter from General McCnlloch, with the following reference to arms for the troops which he had been appointed to command: Two thousand of the arms at San Antonio are ordered to Dallas; also one battery of artillery. The communication containing this extract was dated April 14, at which time, as you are aware, the arms in Texas had been transferred to the agents of the Confederate States. Dallas is the poiut in this State where the regiment of Colonel Greer made its rendezvous. Hence the only conclusion was that the agents of the Confederate States had been ordered to send arms thither for the purpose of arming this regi- ment. The above quotation from General McCullochs letter is the only information in respect to this regiment from any one of the authorities interested which has ever reached this department. From the foregoing facts you will perceive that no blame can attach to the authorities of Texas. They have faithfully en(leavored, and will continue their efforts, to meet every reqnisition which has been or may hereafter be made upon them by the authorities of the Government of the Confederate States. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWAIID CLAHK. IRICHMOND, VA., September 14, 1861. J. F. MINTER, Assistant Quartermaster, San Antonio, Tex.: SIR: I have received your letter of August 19 nltiino, reporting a reduction and probable scarcity in the quartermasters supphie~ in Texas. I have not been unmindful of such a contingency, but at the same time I have not been able to fall upon any plan of resupplying you. The country is nearly bare of every needful article. It only remains for you to do your best in the country and depend in a large measure upon your neighbor, Mexico. Blankets and socks and some sort of a substitute for shoes you can get, and you may have to make clothes of buckskins. It will be of no avail to make requisitions on New Orleans. If a supply of clothing, & c., comes in despite the blockade, I will remember your condition. A. C. MYERS, Assistant Quartermaster- General. GALVESTON, TEX., September 16, 1861. His Excellency EDWARD CLARK, Governor of Texas: SIR: I have the honor to report to your excellency that I have, under orders from the War Department, assumed the command of the Mil Page 106 106 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL tary Department of Texas. It will be both my duty and pleasure to co-operate with your excellency in all matters concerning the defenses and safety of the State. I am now on an examination of Galveston harbor and will extend the examination to other points on the coast. I will, if agreeable to your excellency, avail myself of an early opportunity of a personal interview. In the mean time I would respectfully ask for authority to receive and muster into the service of the Confederate States, for duty in this department, such companies as may offer with the full complement of men, thus not to interfere with the requisitions already made by my predecessor in command, and to form part of such requisitions as 1 may in future have the honor to make. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your excellencys obedient servant, P. 0. III2BERT, Brigadier- General. GENERAL ORDERS, GALVESTON, TEX., No. 1. & ptember 18, 1861. I. In virtue of Special Orders, No. 123, from General Headquarters, dated Richmond, August 14, 1861, Brig. Gen. P.O. ll6bert, Provisional Army, assumes command of the Department of Texas. II. The orders issued by Col. II. E. McCulloch, as commander of the department, are approved. III. Col. H. E. MeCulloch, First Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, is relieved from duty at San Antonio, and will join his regiment. IV. Colonel MeCulloch will order the removal of the prisoners of war from Camp Verde, and place them for safety in detachments at the different posts of his command. V. Transportation will be furnished by the Quartermasters Depart- ment. The Commissary Department will issue subsistence in kind to the prisoners. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll6bert, commanding Military De- partment of Texas. SAML. BOYER DAVIS, lJfajor, and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., & ptember 19, 1861. Brig. Gen. P. 0. III~BERT, Commanding Department of Texas: DEAR Sin: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 16th instant, which was handed me this morning. I will answer by the mail which goes to-day to Galveston and by the first mail to San Antonio. I am happy to know that you have arrived in Texas for the purpose of taking charge of her military defenses, and take pleasure in assuring to you my prompt and cheerful co-operation in every instance where it may be in my power to assist you in the accomplishment of your duties. It will gratify me very much to meet you in person as soon as your convenience will permit. Your request to be allowed to receive such full companies as may tender their serv- ices to you is willingly complied with. I would be pleased, however, when companies are received by you, that the adjutant-general at this place be informed of the fact. I may here mention that Captain Bal Page 107 CIL& r. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETCCONFEDERATE. 107 lue, of Brazoria County, is said to have a full company of infantry, and desires to get into service. It may be convenient for you to accept this company at once. Very respectfully, your obedient servant~EDWA~D CLARK. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, San Antonio, fLex., September 9Q, 1861. Brig. Gen. P. 0. llI~BERT: SIR: By request of your aide, Lieutenant Wilson. I make the fol- lowing report of troops, arms, & c., as I uuderstand them to be, in this department: General Van Dorn made requisitious on the governor for three regi- ments of infantry, one each for Galveston, Victoria, and Fort Brown; also for seven companies of artillery (one to be light), for Fort Brown, Saluria, San Luis, Galveston, and Sabine Pass; but I do not under- stand exactly how he iutended to place them all. Also five companies of cavalry, one for Sabine Pass and the coast to Bolivar Poiut; three for Galveston, and one for the coast west of that place. I have directed the troops iutended for Galveston and Sabine Pass to report to Colonel Moore, for muster and orders; those for Victoria to report at that Place to Maj. A. M. ilaskell, for the same purpose; those for Saluria, to Capt. ID. D. Shea, for the same purpose. At Saluria there are, or soon will be, two companies of artillery. The troops for Fort Brown are to be mustered into service here. One company of artillery (Captain Mar- mion) has been mnstered, and will be sent on in a few days. Captain Kampmanns company of infantry was mustered in yesterday (19th), and will be sent in a few days to Camp Verde, and Captain Buquors company, now at that place, sent to Fort Brown. The governor has selected Victoria and Millican as the points for the two camps of in- struction for the twenty companies of the reserve army. Major Has- kell has been ordered to Victoria to establish that depot, muster in and supply the troops, and command them. Lieutenant Dinkins has been ordered there to assist him. He wants Lient. J. Sparks (now at Houston on duty) also, but I do not see how I can let him have him, as there is no other officer that I know of that I can send to muster in the troops at Millican. There is no quartermaster or commissary that can be seiit to Millican at present to establish that depot and supply the troops; but Major Maclin, chief quartermaster, & c., IDepartmnent of Texas, will send an agent there for that purpose. I have designated no officer to command that camp. I know of no one at all suitable, but shall instruct Lieutenant Sparks to put them to drilling, under their captains, until a commander be sent them. Colonel Forshey is in command at San Luis, at the mouth of the Brazos, but I do hot know what troops or arms he has there. Several companies are now waiting at Victoria to be mus- tered in, so I learn. I have directed that one of the cavalry companies be mustered in at that place. General Sibleys brigade is filling up rather slowly; twelve or thirteen companies are here and mustered in; others are expected daily. He talks of taking three regiments with him from this point, under instructions from the adjutant-general and an agreement between him and General Van Dorn. To aid him, this de- partment will be entirely stripped of every tent, all the clothing of every kind, and nearly all other quartermasters stores. His transportation will have to be done by contract, or there would be none left in the de- partment. Col. John S. Ford is at Fort Brown, where he has three or four companies of his own regiment (Second Texas Mounted Rifles), an Page 108 108 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. the other six companies are under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Bay- lor, and scattered from Fort Clark to Fort Bliss, ai~d probably much farther up into Arizona and New Mexico. I regret to say that there is considerable confusion throughout this regiment, and there is uothing in the office here by which I can learn or know where all the companies are or know what they are dc~ng; bnt I have directed Colonel Ford and Lieutenant-Colonel Baylor to inform me of their localities as early as possible. One company of regular cavalry, under Lieutenant Jugra. ham, C. S. Army, is at Fort Inge. My own regiment (First Texas Mounted Rifles) is stationed on the north. and northwestern frontiers, from Fort McKavett to Red River; but the camp of three companies on Red River will be broken up and the troops removed in a short time to Fort Belkuap, as General Pike desires them to be withdrawn from their present proximity to the Indian Territory, and they cannot very well winter where they are. Col. 11. R. Garland, late of the Seventh U. S. Infantry, has bee}zi sent to Northern Texas (Dallas), to muster into the service the regunents of Colonels Stone and Johnson. Colonel Stones regiment has been, I have no doubt, mnstered by this time, and will be gone in a few days to join the troops in Western Missouri. I have heard nothing of Colonel Johnsons movements, and cannot tell what his prospects for getting om Colonel Greo-o- of ection, are bb~ the same s has called on me for arms, & c. (by order of the Secretary of War), for his regiment, and, as they are not on hand, I of course conld not com- ply with the order. Captain Mechlings company of light artillery has been ordered to Galveston, and is only waiting the completion of his caissons, which will be ready in two or three weeks. There is not more than enough (if enough) small-arms in the depot here to arm one regi- ment. There are some arms at Harrisburg, left there by Lieutenant Haskell, and there are some small-arms at Fort Brown; but I am un- able to give you a correct idea of the quantity or quality at either place. The companies coining into service at Victoria and Fort Brown are poorly armed at best, and some of them have none at all; and if you do not need them at Harrisburg or Galveston, they had better be sent to this place or Victoria at once. Lient. James Baltzell, C. S. Army, has been directed to remain here and muster such troops as may be reported here into service for Fort Brown. The prisoners of war, except the officers, numbering about 325, are at Camp Verde. The officers through. out the Department are remarkably slow in making their reports (my own regiment among them), when they make them at all, and, until this is remedied, no commanding officer can do justice to the troops or the service in this department. I had hoped to see you here before this time, and regret to learn that you will not be here for some days yet; but, if it is your desire that I remain here and attend to the vast amount of business coming in here every day, I will do so until it will suit you to relieve me. But since the position is a perplexing one to me, it would gratify me much to be relieved as soon as convenient to you. I am, most respectfully, your obedient servant, II. E. McCULLOCII Colonel, Commanding Department. ~ GALVESTON, TEX., September 20, 1861. His Excellency EDWARD CLARK, Governor of Texas: SIR: I have the honor to apply to your excellency for authority to muster into the service of the Confederate States, to serve during th Page 109 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 109 war, such volunteer forces from the State of Texas as may be deemed necessary for its defense. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. 0. Hl~BERT, Brigadier. General, Commanding Department of Texas. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Austin, Tex., September 22, 1861. Col. II. E. MOCULLOCH, Prov. Army C. S., Comdg. Dept of Texas, San Antonio, Tex.: COLONEL: In my commnuication to you of the 15th instant I stated that all the State arms at the disposal of the executive are tendered to you or to your successor, to be used in arming the forces desigued for the protection of Texas. I referred specially to requisitions made for that purpose by the officer commandiug this military department. Texas has been, to a great extent, drained of the private arms of citizens by the independent regiments which have been armed and equipped in the State. The executive therefore turns over the State arms to your department in the confidence that they will be used solely in arming the forces designed for the protection of Texas.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. BYRD, Ordnance Otficer State of ZP~xas. FORT BLISS, TEx., September 24, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that Mr. Barnes, the agent sent by me to transport the prisoners to New Mexico, has returned, aud brings what I consider reliable juformation. The order for moving the United States troops out of New Mexico has been countermanded, and the colonel commanding that department is raisiug two additional regiments of volunteers, two beiug already raised. Fort Union is abandoned, and the enemy have taken up a 1)osition 2 miles from the fort, which they are fortifying. They have there twenty-five pieces of artillery of various sizes. There are at this time at Union seven companies of regulars and three of volunteers; at Santa F6, four companies; Albuquerque, four, and at Craig, five. Barnes conversed freely with Judge Beard and many other prominent Americans, all of whom (Governor Connelly excepted) are for the South. There is some division among the natives, who are resistiug the levy of their men as soldiers. I shall watch closely their movements, and act as circumstances may direct. I would again urge the necessity of forwarding with haste re-enforcements. The Indians are exceedingly troublesome, and the Sonora Mexicans are threatening to rob Tacson, and have robbed Tubac. As I have before stated, I cannot, with the limited force under my command, keep the enemy in check and afford any protection to the citizens. My opinion is that troops are on the way from California to this Territory; but I shall do all in my.power to hold the country against all odds. I will make no move against the enemy until the arrival of General Sibley. New Mexico can now be easily taken. * Details omitted Page 110 110 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. I shall send an agent to treat with the Pima and other friendly In- dians in N\Testern Arizona, as I deem it important to secnre their aid and good-will. I have the honor to be, respectfully, JOHN Th BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding Texas Mounted R~fles. EXEcIUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., September 24, 1861. Brig. Gen. P. 0. HI~BERT: Sin: This will be handed you by my private secretary, Mr. L. H. Evans, whom I take pleasure in introducing to you. Mr. Evans is dispatched to you upon business of importance, and which he will fully explain in all particulars not mentioned in this communication. I am pleased to find, by a communication of date August 31, from the Secretary of War to Major Debray, that you are clothed with full power to protect the military interests and welfare of the State of Texas. There are now organized in Northern and Northeastern Texas four regiments of mounted men. These troops were called out by me at a time when danger threatened in the direction of Missouri, and with the view of meeting that danger in advance of the limits of the State. They were ordered out for twelve months, unless sooner discharged. They are fine troops, splendidly mounte(l, and, I am imiformed, very well armed. These men should be received iuto service by the Con- frderate Government. They volunteered readily. They have mounted and equipped themselves at great expense, and are anxious for service. It is not a greater cavalry force than may be needed in Texas. Whether or not, let them not be disbanded. If they should be, it may be diffi- cult to meet future requisitions. If you should accept these regiments, as Major Debray says you have consented to do, you will, I l)resume, send a mustering officer immediately to them to muster them into service, and he should be instructed to take Austin in his route. I regret that I cannot meet you in personal interview, and you will receive this letter in the way of suggestion, prompted by an earnest desire to promote the cause in which we are engaged, for which you may at all times rely upon my most hearty co-operation. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWARD CLARK. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Austin, Tex., & ptember 25, 1861. General P. 0. H~BERT: Sin: I have the pleasure of acknowledging the visit of the Hon. Mr. Bryan, and of receiving at his hands your communication of the 20th instant. The substance of your letter is a repetition of the request contained in your communication of the 16th instant, in reply to which I fully accorded the authority de~ired, asking only that when companies were accepted we might be advised of it. I believe I have anticipated your views and wishes, a~ made known to me by Mr. Bryan, in almost every instance, and to the extent of my power. It will be my pleasure and aim to do so in the future Page 111 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 111 By a special messenger, dispatched to you yesterday, you will learn that I have some 4,000 troops now ready for service, and offered for your acceptance. These men, for the term of their enlistment, are will- ing to go where ordered. They are mounted troops. Will not some two or three regiments of mounted men be needed on our coast? They are as fine troops and as well mounted and armed as any that can be pro- cared in the State. I earnestly desire that you receive them. If, how- ever, you esteem it essential to raise a regiment in the vicinity of the coast for service near Brazoria (as Mr. Bryan tells me has been pro- posed), you have my consent. As 1 have heretofore said, you may rely upon my ready co-operation in anything necessary for the defense of Texas or the Confederacy. If it be possible, I would be pleased, indeed, to see you at Austin. If my presence was not at all times required here, I would not impose upon you the necessity of a visit to this city. You will please excuse my brevity and seeming familiarity, as I am much pressed with business, and without my private secretary. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, & c., EDWARD CLARK. iRICIIMoND, September 25, 1861. General II. II. SIBLEY, San Antonio, Tex.: GENERAL: The Secretary of War, in reply to yours upon the sub- ject of additional regiments, authorizes your acceptance of the tender of all armed regiments made to you by the governor of Texas. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, B. II. CHILTON, Assistant Adjutant- General. OR MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS N8 1861. Galveston, Tex., September 26, You are appointed colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Texas Volunteers, subject to the approval of the President. You will signify your accept- ance to these headquarters. The regiment is to be stationed on or near the coast, from San Luis to the Caney, but must serve at any point in the State, if required. It is to be composed of two companies, to serve as artillerists; two mounted companies, to serve as scouts and vedettes, and six of infantry. It is desirable that the companies should present themselves for muster with such arms and ammunition as the men pos- sess or can procure in their respective counties, these arms to do nutil the department is enabled to supply the deficiency. Musket and cannon powder, in a limited quantity, can be sent to Columbia, or to some other convenient point, subject to your order. The two 6-pounders at Columbia should be finished and mounted as soon as possible, and I would suggest that they be placed in charge of Capt. W. G. Mosely. Captain Mosely was formerly in the service, and informs me that he has a company partially drilled, and will be ready in a few days to be mustered into service. The department has no funds at its disposal, and but limited sup- plies of any description. You must make the best arrangements you can to supply your command with provisions and quarters. The Con Page 112 [CHAP. XI. 112 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. federate Government will no doubt pay all reasonable obligations in curred for the service and protection of the State. You will take immediate steps to fill your regiment according to the above conditions, and are hereby authorized to appoint a competent mustering officer. Companies must be mustered for the war. You are requested to recommend suitable persons for the positions of lieutenant- colonel and major. You will make your reports in duplicate, address- ing them to Galveston and San Antonio. Maj. C. G. Forshey is assigned to engineer duty on the coast with your command. The object of your command is to afford such protec. tion as can be given to that portion of the coast. You will therefore use your own judgment, as events may occur, in stationing your coin- panics. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll6bert: GEG. R. WILSON, Aide-de- Camp. Col. J. BATES, Brazoria, Tex. MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, September 27, 1861. The Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR, Richmond, Th.: SIR: I have the honor to report that since my arrival in this depart. ment I have, in compliance with orders, directed my attention to the Gulf coast of Texas. I regret to say that I find this coast in almost a defenseless state, and in the almost total want of proper works and armaments; the task of defending successfully any point against an attack of any magnitude amounts to a military impossibility. The port of Galveston is partially defended by a few open sand works, mounted with guns of calibers ranging from 1 8-pounders to 32-pounders, and of course totally inadequate to resist a bombardment with heavy guns. The few large guns now on the way, should they not arrive too late, will in some measure increase the efficiency of the harbor defenses. On a coast like this, however, where in calm weather a landing can be effected at any point, and the bays in the rear and flank of Galveston Island reached in that manner or by the pass at the west end, the prob- 1cm of defense, considering the means available to that effect, is cer- tainly one of very difficult, if not impossible, solution. I am sorry to add that I also found this department entirely destitute of funds, either of State or General Government, and that, in conse- quence, all my efforts have thus far been completely paralyzed. I am in hopes that funds or credit will soon be in the hands of the proper disbursing officers. As matters now stand it is a difficult matter to purchase supplies on credit for the support of the few volunteer troops now in service. I meet with the best disposition to aid in any manner both from the people and authorities of the State, but the people are poor, and the State without money or apparent credit. Men are ready to volunteer for defense in companies and regiments; but arms, ainmu- nition, provisions, and equipments are wanting. Not to make too long the list of wants and difficulties, of which the Department at headquarters is probably already but too well aware, I have, in conclusion, the honor to assure the honorable Secretary of War that, although the difficulties surrounding my command now seem al- most insurmountable I will do all in my power to overcome them. In view of the distance of this department from General Headquarters, th Page 113 CHAP XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 113 tardiness an(l uncertainty of mail communication, and the necessity often of prompt action, I may occasionally assume and exercise anthority not delegated to me or in strict compliance with the regulations. in all such cases, however, the action shall be subject to the approval of the President. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. 0. III2BERT, Brigadier- General P. A., Corndg. Dept of Texas. ORDERS, MILiTARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 19. Galveston, Tex., October 2, 1861. Col. John C. Moore, First IRegiment of Texas Volunteers, C. S. Ar my, is assigned to the immediate command of Galveston Island and its defenses, Virginia Point, and of the troops stationed on Bolivar Point an(l Peniusnla. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll~bert: GEO. Th WILSON, Aide-de- Camp. ORDERS, MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 20. Galveston, Tex., October 2, 1861. Galveston Island, Virginia Point, adjacent bay coast, and the penin- sula of Bolivar shall constitute one command, and be styled the Military District of Galveston, Department of Texas. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll6bert: GEO. P~. WiLSON, Aide-de- Camp. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., October 3, 1861. General P. 0. IThBERT, Galveston, Tex.: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge, through this mornings mail, a copy of your letter of the 30th ultimo,* handed my private secretary in Galveston. I shall transmit immediately to Colonels Young and Parsons orders based upon your acceptance of their regiments. I would have been l)leased to be able to state to them the service in which you will engage them, as I know it is a subject upon which they are much intereste(l. 1 presume, however, that you design emj)loying them in the State. I regret exceedingly that you could not receive the other two regi- inents, now ready for service in Northeastern Texas. They are organ- ized and anxiously desire service. They are mounted troops, and yet I think might be willing to take service as infantry in preference to being disbanded. Itegrettiug to disappoint them, and fearing time result of a disappointment upon any future necessity that may come upon us for volunteers, I regret very much indeed to have to discharge them. If you think you will need more infantry, I believe these amen would enter that aria of the service, and better soldiers, I know, cannot be obtained in the State. *Not found. 8 R R~L.VOL I Page 114 114 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. I regret to hear that you have been so embarrassed by the condition in which yon found this military (lepartineilt. I snpposed the coast had been as well prepared for defense as the ability of the Confederate and State Governments wo1l1(I permit. Since the 1st of June last, or thereabouts, the coast defense, and especially that of Galveston, has been confided to the Conf~derate authorities. I sincerely trust that you may in season make preparation for the reception Qf our enemy, should he conclude to make us a visit npon our coast. With a view to this end I have authorized the makino- of cannou at Galveston, and have agree(i to purchase some already made at Lavaca, if suitable and worthy. I have also recently tendered to Colonel MeCulloch such State arms as ~ve have, and have already sent him 170 Colts improved revolving pistols, and have, subject to your order and acceptance, a few muskets and four 12-pounder howitzers, with carriages, but without caissons. These might be made available perhaps npou the coast. In offering these arms I impose the restriction of their being retained in the State for the defense of the State. The regiments of Colonels Young and Parsons are clamorous for service, anti fret nnder their confinement in camp; and I would there- fore respectfully suggest that they be mustered into service and given active employment at the earliest I)ossible moment. Assnring you of my hearty co-operation in all things necessary for the speedy accomplishment of your wishes, I am, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, EDWA1~D CLAPK. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OP TEXAS, San Amtonio, Tex., October 4, 1861. Brig. Gen. P. 0. Th~BERT, Galceston, Tex.: Sin: I have been very much disappointed that no mail brings me any (lirect tidings of you. I had supposed you would write to me if delayed long on the coast, an(l inform me what you desired inc to do; but hearing nothing from you, I must still be guided by my own judg- ment and (10 the best I can for the country. I have ordered Lieutenant Sparks to Millican, to provide for and establish a camp of instruction there for ten companies of the reserve army and to muster them into the service, and I ~nppose lie has gone to that point before this time. If lie has imot, the troops may suffer or disband for want of proper attention. In my first letter to you I overlooked the fact that General Van Dorn had called for two companies of artillery for Corpus Christi, and had ordered two 24-pounder guns from Fort Brown to that l)oint. I have received notice that two companies (infantry) are ready to be mnustere(l into service at that J)oint. I have ordered Captain Littleton, Second Regiment Texas Mounted Riflemen, to muster them in, an(l direct themu to report to these headquarters, and remain at Corpus Christi nntil further orders. I rather incline to the opinion that these were intended for the artillery companies. If so, they ca.n be put on that duty. Captain Parker, of Iro wnsville, reports a company of infantry rea(ly for muster at that l)oint, which I have ordered to be mustered in at once. Captain Brewins company of cavalry has been mustered into service by Colonel Ford for the war, under no particular call, and or(lered to Iliuggold Barracks and, as there seems to be great proba- bility that the troops will be needed along the ltio Grande an(l about its mouth, I approved the muster and directed them to be supplied Page 115 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 115 I have given directions to have five months snpplies sent np to the troops on the line from this place to Fort Bliss; five months 5Up1)hieS to those on the Lower Itio Gran(ie, and three months supplies sent to my own regimenb on time northern frontier of the State, and supplies are now being sent forward for General Sibleys brigade, expecting it to move soon. We will not be able to supply him full rations of coffee or sugar, bnt will give him all we can possibly spare, putting his troops at the least on aim equal footing with those of the department. He has seventeen companies mustered into service and expects others daily, and I hope will soon be full and on his march. I have macic an appeal to the people of the State to turn out and fill up the regiments called for by General Van Dorn and the Secretary of War, hoping by that to show them that their services are needed now, if at all, and to get them to act at once. Commissions for the Second and Third Regiments of Infantry have reached here, and I forwarded them at once to the persons for whom they were intended. I have no donbt that those appointed for the Fonrth, or Victoria, Regiment by General Van Dorn will also be ap. l)roved, and hence shall direct the officers appointed to go on duty at Victoria. I have arrested a gentleman of distinction (Col. Charles Anderson, brother of Anderson, of Sumter), who had sold out all his property, and was going, he said, to Kentucky, via Mexico and New York, con- sidering him as an alien enemy, and held as a prisoner of war, subject to the action of the Confederate States courts (if he sees proper to take it before them) or the order of the Secretary of War. He is a very intelligent man, and has been the leader of the opposition here, and was leaving the Confederate States, to connect himself with our ene- mies, after the expiration of the forty days given by the President imi his proclamation, and I felt that I would not have been doing my duty to my country to have let him depart; consequently I interposed mili- tary power to prevent it, of which 1 shall inform the President as early as possible. No important orders or commnnic~itions have been received at this office from the Department at Richmond since your arrival in the State. If you can possibly do without the small-arms sent from this place to Lientenant Haskell at Harrisburg (a portion of them I suppose are still there), it might be well to send them to this place or Victoria, the latter probably being the proper l)lace for them now. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, H. E. MoCULLOCH, Colonel, C. S. Prov. Army, (Jomdg. Dept of Texas. GALVESTON, October 7, 1861. To the ]Ifen of Texas: TEXANS: It is more than probable that your State will soon be invaded by the sea-coast. The enemys resources for such an attack would seeni to be formidable. Yonrs to meet and defeat it lie almost entirely in your own strong arms, brave hearts, and trusty rifles. Our infant Government has achieved wonders; but yet it must largely rely upon the States that created it and which have so gallantly sus- tained it to strain every nerve for their own individual protection. Look not to Richmnond, then, for all your military imispiration and gui(l- ance. Remember the days of yore, when your owmm red right hands achieved your independence; and while some of your hardy sons ar Page 116 116 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [ChAP. XI. prel)ared to share the glory to be won in Virginia, Kentucky, and Mis- souri, and others to guard the highway to the Pacific which they have won ~tgainst superior arms and nnmbers, be it your portion of the duty which yon owe to them and yourselves to keep your soil free from the enemys touch and to preserve unsullied the fame of the Texas ranger. Let every man, then, clean his old musket, shot-gnu, or rifle run his bullets, fill his powder-horn, sharpen his knife, and see that his revolver is ready to his hand, as in the trying but glorious days when Mexico was your foe. Organize at once into companies, if possible into battalions, and re- port to me promptly at Galveston and Sm Antonio your locality, your number, your arms, ammunition, and equipments, and your distance by days travel, by railroad or otherwise, from the principal points on the coast. Be ready to march at a moments notice, and wait for orders. iRely upon it that I shall not fail to callyon when needed; and when I call, II know that you will come. I am too near to San Jacintos field to doubt for a moment that even against overwhelming numbers you will gladly rally to the defense of your homes, yonr families, and your liberties. Our enemy may succeed, from his superior armaments, in ravaging your sea coast; but, God willing and you aiding, he will never hold a foot of your soilnever! P. 0. HI2BERT, Brigadier- General, Comdg. Dept of Texas. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, San Antonio, Tex., October 11, 1861. General P. 0. II~nERT: SIR: I ask you in advance to excuse me for seeming to interfere with you in your arrangements for the defense of the coast, which is under your immediate observation~ but, hearing that you had not yet visited Pass Cavallo, and supposing that you have not been able to learn as much of the condition of things at that point as might be necessary to enable you to give such directions as would be advisable, hence I requested Lieutenant- Colonel Buchel, when here a few days since, to submit a written report concerning the defenses of that post, which I herewith inclose for your consideration, with the remark that it seems to me that it may be very necessary for you to send some competent officer to that point to examine the condition of the fortifications, arms, troops, & c., and put them in a proper condition for defense. I am not acquainted with Captain Shea (the officer in command there), and do not know whether he is sufficiently conversant with all the important duties of his position to enable him to do fill justice to the service in- trusted to him. The order to Captain Shea to desist from the further l)rosecuti~n of the work alluded to by Colonel Buchel must have been given by General Van Dorn; but no record of it is on file in this office. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. E. MuCULLOCH, Colonel First Regt Texas Mounted Rifles, Corady., ct~c. [Inclosure.] SAN ANTONIO, TEX., October 10, 1861. Col. H. E. MOCULLOCH, San Antonio, Tex.: COLONEL: in consequence of your request to furnish you with some information relative to the present condition of the defenses at Pas Page 117 CHAP. XI.] COIIRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. liT Cavallo, I have the honor to state that Captain Sheas battery of four 24-pounder guns is very much exposed, and is at present almost in a defenseless condition from any combined attack by land and sea or from any considerable force by land alone. The intention of Captain Shea was to erect a closed work (redonbt), but after commencing the work he was ordered from headquarters to desist from the further prosecution of the same until some officer detailed for the purpose should inspect the Pass and report upon the location and plan of the work. This officer has not yet arrived there. Captain Sheas battery is at present situated near the light-house on Matagorda Island, and can only defend the principal entrance or ship channel into Matagorda Bay. The nearest point from which re-enforcements could be expected in case of an attack would be Indianola, distant about 15 miles from the Pass, and between these two points two large bayous exist, over which no sufficient means for crossing are provided. The East Pass or channel has no defenses whatever. From these facts you can perceive, colonel, the urgent necessity that exists for the placing of these points in a proper state of defense, or that the troops and guns already there be withdrawn from so exposed a position. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. BUCHEL, Lieutenant- Colonel Third Regiment Texas liQantry. ORDERS, MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 34. Galveston, Tex., October 11, 1861. I. Batteries shall be established at Virginia Point and at the Galves- ton head of the Railroad Bridge. Capt. J. Kellersberg is charged with the construction of the works, as directed by the general commanding, and Major Cook with the armaments. II. All necessary preparatory measures shall be taken for the mount- ing of the large guns expected as soon after their arrival as practicable, and arrangements made for the transportation of guns, material, & c., to the batteries. III. The number of heavy guns being limited in number, it will be necessary to distribute them to the best advantage. The first two heavy guns received will be placed at Pelican Spit, commanding the channel, with a battery of 32-pounders commanding the channel, Bolivar Poimit, and East Bay. When replaced by other guns, the 18-pounder at the Spit will be put in battery at the Galveston head of the bridge. Two of the heavy guns will be placed in battery at Fort Point, and two on the beach near the front of Fremont street. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. liThert: GEO. IR. WILSON, Aide-de- Camp. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., October 12, 1861. General P. 0. IIf~BERT, Galveston, Tex.: DEAR SIR: I did not hear from you to-day, as I hoped I should. You are doubtless too busily employed to write. I was anxious to hear at what time you would probably dispatch an officer to Northern Texas to muster the regiments of Colonels Parsons and Young Page 118 118 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. I wrote to you by the last mail, informing you of the acceptance of the four cavalry regiments ofl~red you by the Secretary of War, and desiring to know whether you still wished the two you had accepted. On the same day I dispatched a messenger, with the jutelligence of their acceptance by the Secretary of War to these ~, and that I had communicated with you and Thin. This leaves them in (ioubt as t~ the ultimate result of their present condition, an(i for this reason ii would be pleased to hear as early as your convenience will permit. I see that you are energetically at work for the defense of our coast. I am pleased to be able to say that several brigades of militia are ready for service, if needed, and will be placed at your command if you need them. I am gratified at the news from the seat of war. I sincerely trust it may prove true. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWAIlD CLATIK. GOLIAD TFX October 12 1861. , ~., To the Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR, Richmond: SIR: Having been at Brownsville, on the Iho Grande, for several weeks, on a mission of imp~rtanee for the State of Texas, I take the liberty of inclosing a inenoraudmu of my observations while there, with the hope that it may serve in attracting the attention of the Gov- ernateut to the importance of that point. As the only brother of the late General B. E. Bee, my name will not be unknown to you, and I can with pleasure refer you to Colonel Wigfall, Colonel Waul, and JuW~e Hemphill as to the great interest I have at stake, both politically and personally, in the success of our cause. With great respect, HAMILTON P. BEE. [Inclosure.] Brownsville is 30 miles front the Gulf; Brazos Island is its port; depth of water 6 feet. The mouth of the ho Grande has still less water on its bar. Fort Brown was bnilt by General Taylor for attack on Matamoras, and is of but little use for defense of Brownsville, as an enemy could withont difficulty take possession of it without corning under fire from the fort, whose guns could destroy it in an hour. ~1~hO fort has been repaired by Colonel Ford and is unfinished, but could in a short tune be made as strong as earthworks generally are. There are twenty-five pieces of cannon of different caliber there, including a light battery, colnl)lete, with its caissons loaded, barness in good order, and ready for service in thirty minutes. The battery horses are poor and unserviceable, but in improving condition. About 300 rounds of ammunition for each piece, of the best description, and a good 5ul)ply of powder and ball cartridges constitute the supply of ammunition. Lead can be bought in any quantity at 4~ cents per pound. There is one 10-inch mortar, and no ieee larger than a 24-pounder. There are now at Fort Brown four coin- panics of cavalry (Texans), say 400 men in all. Brownsville is the depot of the Mexican tra(le. In 1860 ~l2,000,000 in specie passed through the custom-house en ronte for the lilimited States. The imports of goods, principally dry goods, is proportionally heavy. All that trade is now suspended. No direct shipments have arrived at Aatamoras from foreign ports. Two vessels arrived there from New York while I was on the ICio Grande, both loaded with provisions an Page 119 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 119 necessary supplies. One of them was wrecked. The foreign merchants at Matamoras are English and German, and are friendly to our cause. No arrangements for direct importation have been made, owing to the unsettled state of opinion concerning the raising of the blockade, if it should not be raised, direct importation will t4llow. The Mexicans are neutral. The officers, civil and military, profess and exhibit every desire to co-operate with us in maintaining peace and good order on the line, and have aided essentially in estopping the forays ot~ Cortinas into Texas. The Mexican population on this side of the Rio Grande are quiet, but not to be relied on in case of invasion. It is known that Lieutenant Langdon (artillery) and two cavalry officers, who were previously on this line and familiar with the country, are now at Fort Pickens. Two cavalry companies are said to be on Santa Rosa Island. They have all the infofmation, and we may sup- pose the desire, to repossess themselves of that point. The following reasons occur to my mind why the enemy will seek to reoccupy Fort Brown: The hope of recapturing the cannon and mate- rial of war; the opening of the Mexican trade to New York, which will throw millions of dollars into the industry of the North. The fact, be- yond a question, that the reoccupation of that I)oint will convert the neutrality of the Mexicans into hostility, then hatred and bitterness, is against us, not against the North. By virtue of commissions from the Lincoln authorities two or three thousand Mexican mounted guerrillas would be mustered into the service of the United States, to depredate and destroy the settlements even to the San Antonio River, thus destroy- ing the stock interest of Western Texas. My conclusions are that it is of the utmost importance to the Confed- eracy that Brownsville and the line of the Rio Grande should be held by them. Shut up and encompassed around as we are, it is the only point through which we can communicate with the nations of Europe. By proper encouragement every necessary supply, either for our Gov- ernment or people, can be brought to Matamoras from abroad, and we have no other outlet so long as the supremacy of the seas is against us. It will keep quiet and neutral a large and in some respects an efficient force of a race embittered against us by real or imaginary wrongs dat- ing back twenty years. By means of the steamboats now at Browns- ville the enemy could transport a force to Riuggold Barracks, and thence, by forced marches over a good road, be at San Antonio in twelve (lays leaving no enemy in their rear, but, on the contrary, a willing and useful ally, to keep up their line of communmcatiou. It is the most fea- sible way to invade Texas. Brownsville should be defended or given up at once, and the cannon withdrawn while yet there is time. It will be too late when the enemy lands. A few mena thousand mencannot defend it; they will only be caught in a trap; there will be no way of retreat. The gloomy desert of sand between the Rio Grande and Nueces will lose us the cannon. The enemy will hardly land with less than 1O,OOt~ men. The material of war there is worth its weight in gold to our cause. It will be lost within two months unless a strong force is sent there for its protection. An officer who speaks the Mexican lan- guage and understands the people should be appointed to the command. If he is wise and watchful, he will keep the peace with Mexico and make her people useful friends. Supplies of all sorts for the trooI)s can be got in Brownsville except bacon or pork. HAMILTON P. BEE. P. S.I omitted to say that the above points were sulimitted to Gen- eral Van Dorn some months since in a more detailed form by Col. J. S. Ford, commanding at Fort Brown Page 120 120 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., Richmond, October 13, 1861. Gov. EDWARD CLARK, Austin, Tex.: SIR: The very great pressure on my time and the absorption of all my energies in the attempt suddenly to (lirect the operations of this Department on the resignation of General Walker will furnish an apology that I trust you find satisfactory for my delay in replying to your two favors of 7th and 14th ultimo. I appreciate to the fullest extent the zealous and hearty co-operation of yourself and your gener- ous fellow-citizens in the effort fully to supply clothing for our troops in the field. After maturely considering the various modes suggested, it occurs to me that the simplest and best l)laiL is for the State of Texas to clothe her own troops, under rules and regulations to be executed by her own officers, and to receive the commutation of $23 for every six months clothing furnished to each man, according to the act of Congress of 30th August last, and which cannot have reached you at the date of your letters. I have prepared regulations on this subject, now in I)ress, and in a day or two, when I get them from the l)rinters, will furnish you a copy. If your State will under these furnish her own regulations, troops, in whole or in I)art, it will greatly relieve our labors, that are now tax- ing with the utmost severity all our energies. Please inform me as soon as you get my printed circular whether you will do this. If not, could you not have the wool manufactured at your penitentiary and sell it to us at a fair value, which we will cheerfully pay 0? State agency in all these matters is much more effective than our own, and I desire, as far as I possibly can, to avoid the mnultiplica- tion of Confederate officers and agencies. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. HEADQUARTEI~, DoTa Alkt, Ariz., October 14, 1861. Col. II. E. MCCULLOCJ-I: SIR: Please find inclosed a copy of a letter received at my headquar- ters to-day. It embraces a correct account of the l)resent critical coimdi- tion of the citizens and miners in that region of the Territory which includes the locality of the Pinos Altos and other important mines of Arizona. The most iLnl)ortant and available to the Confederacy are under the sway of Indiamis. I am at present unable to render the necessary assistance, although I have ordered Maj. E. WaIler to l)roceed thither and render what aid he could with a detachment of 100 men. He left for the Pinos Altos mines on the 10th instant. Respectfully, your obedient servant JOHN H. BAYLOR, Licut. Col. Comdg. Second Regt T. ilL II., P. C. S. Army. [Inclosure.] PIKOs ALTOS, October 8, 1861. To the COMMANDER-IN-CIJIEF Of the Confederate Iroops in Arizona Territory: DEAR SIR: A few days since the majority of the citizens of this place addressed you a petition. However, many of those that gav Page 121 CHAP. XII CORRESPONDEKCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 121 their signature promising to remain here, in order to keep up the place, deserted us cowardly by a train that left yesterday for Mesilla. The undersigned having been elected captain of the Minute Company organized amongst our citizens to defend our diggings against the Indians (conjointly with the Arizona Guards, stationed here) yesterday held a meeting, and found that about 70 miners remained here, only half of which are armed. We are determined to defend this place to the last, and could easily do so if we could stay in one body; but the dig- gings are such that only a few men can work at one place, and as the miners now left occupy merely a narrow space of ground, but running about 1 mile np Bear Creek, the other gulches having been abandoned for the want of a sufficient number of miners, therefore the Indians are liable to attack the dispersed miners at any time, and, nutil we can rally our small number of armed men to meet the enemy, they may murder our miners again before we can save them; and as we are not numer- ous enough to pursue the Indians, they may resume their attacks almost every day with impunity, and annoy our miners to such an extent that they will have to stop working, and consequently, not being able to earn our living, necessity would make us leave here, even against our will. If it is in your power to send a sufficient number of mounted men here that would pursue the Indians to their hiding places and make our roads safe again, this place would soon have a large population again, and you would save a place from deser tion which at no distant day will become the most important of Arizona, as soon as our rich diggings, gold and silver mines, can be worked with safety for capital. Should you not be able to send more troops at present, you would help us greatly by sending thirty or forty muskets to the commander of the Arizona Guards here, who would distribute them to our unarmed miners with gOO(l security for their return when recalled, and thereby we will defend ourselves until you can give us more protection and com- menc~ your operations against the ~ava.ges. I am confident that you will do all in your power for our safety and protection in our dangerous position. I remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. MAI~KT, Captain Minute Men. iRICUMOND, October 15, 1861. Col. II. E. McCuLLoCH, Corndg., & c., San Antonio, Tex.: SIR: In answer to the recommendations of Major Macun, of the 17th ultimo, forwarded by you with in(lorselnent, you are respectfully in- formed that the Quartermaster-General reports that orders were given a month ago to the officers of that department in Texas to procure the necessary clothing for the troops in that State. Very respectfully, ~. ~. CUILTON, Assistant Adjutant- General. MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, Ic ., October 16, 1861. his Excellency EDWARD CLARK, Governor of Texas: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the reception of your excel- lencys communications of the lOth* and 12th instant, both of which reached nine yesterday. Not found Page 122 122 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL Col. W. II. Parsons, Fourth Regiment Texas Volunteer Cavalry, bay- lug by letter and through the luajor of his regiment this day expressed a strong preference for service in the State, I have ordered his regi- ment to be mustered into service at Spring Creek, near lleinpstead. in regard to the other regiments, it is, perhaps, advisable, in view of the positiou of General McCulloch and the urgency of his call, that they should be mustered into service under the authority granted to Colonel Young. Any other divisions of those regiments might perhaps scm ously interfere with the plans of the War l)epartment, of which, how- ever, I am not advised, and under the authority 1 could not xvelL en- tirely countermand orders emanating from the headquarters of the Army. The heavy guns intended for G-alvesbn are reported on the way, strung along the road from Alexandria to Nibletts BlnfL Two or three of them are expected by the end of this or the beginning of next week. I have ordered them to be placed in battery as they arrive, and, as the number is limited, distributed to the l)est a(lvantage. Owing, however, to the vast supermormty of the naval armaments of the enemy and the almost (lefenseless state of the coast, the problem of defending it success- fully with the means at our disposal is one of (hftmcnlt, if not of impos- sible, solution. The enemy having complete i)OSsessioLI of the seas, as in the days of our first revolution, we must tU~ht this war as our fore- fathers (lull, aml, I have full faith, as successfully. With respectful salutations, I have the honor to be, your excellencys very obedient servant, P. 0. Hf~BERT, Briyadier- General, Prorisional Army. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, San Antonio, October 17, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and inspector General: SIR: From the time I came to this place (2d September) cotton has been passing through it to Mexico. The quantity has been consider- able, though not very great, but it has been increasing for the last three weeks, and I have just been informed by reliable persons that a much greater quantity has been and is still passing from Texas into Mexico by wagons on the route below this and by light-draught vessels that go through the bays and bayous along the coast to the mouth of the Rio Grande. Cotton is now worth twenty-two and twenty-three cents at New York, and I am satisfied that a large proportion of the cotton going into Mexico passes on to that and other Northermi 1)orts. The policy of our Government is no doubt to prevent our cotton be- ing shipped to the United States to sustain th~ manufacturing interests of our enemies. Under these circumstances how is it to be done, and can the military authority here do anything in it? There is a large number of beef cattle now being purchased by per- sons for the market in Mexico. Such a thimmg Imas not been known IlL Texas for many years, and I think there is good reason to suppose that these cattle are for the benefit of the U. S. Army that are expected to come through Mexico either from California or by sea, and for the sup- port of that portion of the Army in New Mexico. It seemus to me that a proper regard for the safety of the country would justify the suspen- sion of this trade for the present, or that those cmmgaged in it should b Page 123 ChAP. XI.] COI~RESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 123 required to show that the produce is intended for the use of the people of Mexico only. I am of the opinion that there are no custom-house officers of our Govermuent on the Itlo Grande. There should be officers at several l)ointS from El Paso to Brazos Santiagosay El Paso, Presidio del Norte, Eagle Pass or Fort Duncan, Laredo, Itoma, Ilio Grande City, Brownsville, and Point Isabel. The subject of our trade and intercourse with Mexico is one of great importance to our Government, especially during this war, and no step should be hastily taken without proper consideration, and it is greatly to our interest that nothing should be done to interrupt the most liberal trade and intercourse with the people of that country, as far as it can be permitted with safety to our interests. I mention these articles and this manner of trade now I)rogressillg in order to inform the Govern- ment that the proper direction may be given respecting them. It may seem strange that I am still writing as the commanding officer of this department at these headquarters, when it must be known to the Secretary of War that General lldbert is within the Department of Texas (at Galveston, where he has been for some weeks), but he has not published any order assuming- command, or relieved me in any man- ner by which I could feel justified in leaving the office, to which, in con- sequence of my senior rank, I was assigned by order of the Secretary of War (Special Orders, No. 123), and the orders of General Van i)orn, copies of which I herewith inclose.* I mention this matter that I may not appear ridiculous in the eyes of the officers at the seat of Govern- ument. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I-I. E. McCULLOCFI, Colonel, C. S. Pror. Army, Comdg. Department (f Texas. INDIA{OLA, TEX., October 17, 1861. General P. 0. IIinERT, Corndg. Texas Division, Confederate Army, Galveston ,Tex.: DEAR SIR: There are two artillery companies, numbering about 180 men, stationed at Pass Cavallo, as a defense to the entrance into Mata- gorda Bay. Their armaments consist of four 24-pounders, two 12-pound- an(l 6-pounder with ers, one cannon, a su~~ply of small-arms, but a lim ite(l supply of ammunition. They have thrown ul~ temporary embank- ments of sand at a point some 200 or 300 yards southeast from the Pass Cavallo light-house, and placed their guns in battery. The approach inland from Lavaca and Indianola to this point is by water, there being two large bayous intervening on the land routebayous over a hundred yards in width and from 10 to 15 feet in depth, and without ferries. In case of an attack on this point, for immediate assistance there could be mustered of the militia in Indianola and Lavaca one company each. It would require from six hours to two days for those companies to reach the post, depending entirely upon wind, tide, au(l the supply of boats that might be on hand, there being only small sail-boats now plying in the bay. The Confederate forces now organizing at Victoria, together with the militia at that place, numbering in all at this time not exceeding 800 to 1,000 men, could not be transported on the railroad to Lavaca in See August 14 and September 4 and 18, PP. 98, 101, 106, for orders in question Page 124 124 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. less than twelve hours, and thence to Saluria or this post in such tune as favorable or unfavorable winds and tides might determine. Other re- enforcements would of course soon follow; but is it not l)rudent to suppose that if an attack be made upon this point of our coast it will be with a large and an invading force (a force susceptible of division), a portion landing below on the island and attacking us in the rear, while with their main body the enemy could pass up the channel,. overwhelm- ing our position with their superior numbers, and this, too, before re- enforcernents could reach us. Ju view of these facts and suggestions, would it not be advisable to construct a good military road from In- dianola to the Pass, providing ample and well-attended ferries on the large bayous (boats for this purpose can be had already built), and to construct bridges over the smaller ones ~ Would it not be prudent, as a measure of safety against surprise, to have Captain Ieauinonts cav- alry company, which is now stationed at Victoria, removed to the island, to range as scouts down the coast, to cut off detached parties, should any land, and to give information of the movements of the enemy if he made his appearance below l In addition to the foregoing measures of prudence and safety, would it not render our defenses certain, or our retreat entirely safe, to have five companies of infantry, now in camp at Victoria, removed to the island ~ There they could drill as ~vell as at Victoria. It is a healthy position, and provisions, fuel, and water can be had at slight advances on the present prices. In case of an attack, they could render immediate and efficient service, and, I apprehend, could reach as promptly any other point of attack on our coast as from Victoria. I think that Captain Pearsomis company, from Matagorda, and Captain Phillips, from Lavaca, at least, should be required to re- turn immediately to the coast whence they were taken. It (loes occur to me that the post should not only be strengthened, but that means of snpplying it with re-enforcements should be provided, or ti iat the position should be abandoned, and the guns, together with the forces, removed to Judianola or some other point, where assistance could with certainty reach them. The men we now have there will fight until there are none left to tell the story. But why imperil the lives of our brave men ~ Why place our armament of defense within reach of the enemy ~ Why keep up a mere show of (lefense when we really have none, the effect being only to cause the public mind to sleep in its inse- curity ~ Captain Shea, commanding the post, I understand, has no authority to take action in the premises. Colonel MeCulloch, I learn, declines making any changes until your arrival. Our I)eople have been anxiously awaiting your presence at this point, and hence there is nothing being done. There is a heavy responsibility resting somewhere. Our lives and property are in (langer. I realize the fact with painful anxiety. Hence I venture these suggestions, and, although we have no personal acquaintance, yet I apprehend that your position in the State, and the interest which I feel in the welfare of this particular section of our country, will render an apology for this coummunnication unnecessary. In conclusion, I have only to add that the suggestions which I have made are intended only to call your attention to the military conditiou of this section of country, and to urge you, if your whole time is occu- pied at Galveston and adjacent points, to appoimmt some person compe- tent to the command, and with full authority to give directions to our defenses. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. NI. STAPP Brigadier- General, Texas Militia. Page 125 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONPEDERATE. 125 GALVESTON, TEX., October 19, 1831. General P. 0. IIIERT, C. S. A., Comdg. Department of Texas: GENEnAL: I have the honor to state that, upon a critical investiga- tion as to the most suitable points to station 10,000 troops, in view of subsisting them, as well as for the defense of this city, there should be in Galveston and Virginia Point, 5,000; at Magnolia, Clear Creek, and near the railroad, 2,000; at Spring Creek, near Millican, 2,000; at the State camp, near Harrisburg, 1,000. These troops, thus stationed, could protect the city, as well as the mouth of the Brazos, if necessary. I have already ordered Harrisburg to be made a depot for subsistence supplies, as well as forage for the quartermasters department. From the most reliable information I cau obtain I have no doubt the troops can be subsisted without difficulty. There cau be snbsisted on the lower Ilio Grande 5,000 troops3,000 at Fort Brown and its vicinity; 1,000 at liinggold Barracks; 500 at Fort McIntosh and vicinity, and 500 near Edinburg, 55 miles from Fort Brown. I propose making liinggold Barracks, 120 miles from Fort Brown, a depot for the support of these troops. With the view of making the different departments efficient, I pro- pose Francis I. Lynch assistant quartermaster, Thomas N. Minter and James H. French commissaries, with the rank of captain, to be located at Harrisburg and iRinggold Barracks, whose duties shall be to keep the depots supplied. These officers, in addition to those already in the department, with suitable details from the line, will be sufficient. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SACKFIELD IXIACLiN, Major, Confederate States Army, Acting Chief Q. 11. and Coin, of Sub., Dept of Texas. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., October 22, 1861. General P. 0. HBERT: SIR: Your communication of the 16th instant was dilly received. I am gratified that you have ordered Colonel Parsons, with his regiment, south. He was anxious to obtain service in Texas. One object of my writing at this time is to procure, if ppssible, the accel)tauce of Colonel Lockes regimnent. From information just re- cemve(l I fear that he has taken up the line of niarch in the (lirection of the coast. If so, it has been done without orders from me, and I ~resume in consequence of advices given him by Colonel Parsons. Though the duty of tIme soldier is to await aid obey orders, I am dis- l)osed to excuse lmis non-observance of this obligation, for the reason that they have promptly responded to my call for their services and are exceedingly anxious for service. This regiment would have gone to Missouri without hesitation, but are now of the opinion that Texas may need them; and, if so, they prefer to stay at home. I am aware that you do not desire a very large cavalry force, not more perhaps than you now have. It may occur, however that may addi- you nce(1 tional cavalry troops; and, indeed, I see through the papers that you are in some instances authorizing the raising of cavalry companies. Would it not suit your views to receive this regiment now, in expect- ancy of future contingencies ~ Might it not be well emnployed at Brownsville until the forces desired for that post be obtained? We have an extended seaboard, and, if invaded in that quarter, I should think a considerable cavalry force woul(l be needed. It is now ver Page 126 12G OPERATIONS IN ThX., N. MEN., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. late, too, to send men to Missouri and for this reason an(I the i)rob- able necessity that comes npon us for our volunteers at home, I would be greatly gratified if you would accept this regiment, and request. if consistent with your opinions of duty an(I propriety, that you (10 so. Iu addition to the impracticability of their now going to Missouri 1 will state that they have been some time organized, and equipped themselves at considerable expense. Many of them have abandoned their employment to engage iu their countrys service, and, if (lIsap- pointed or disbanded, the consequences would be ruinous to them. Colonel Youngs regiment, as also that of Colonel Sims, I feel satis- fled, from advices received, have been started to Missouri. While I do not wish to embarrass you, an(1 by no means to control your operations, I sincerely desire and request that you have this regiment immediately put to service in Texas, if you can. The impression has obtained, I find, that yon have authorized the enlistment of men for six months. Within the last few days I have been repeatedly asked if such is the case. If you have done so, I suppose it results from your opinion of the necessities of our coast country. It is, however, having a bad effect n~on my efforts to raise the required forces for Fort Brown and other points. Our people, though willing to serve as long as needed, desire~ the shortest term that can be obtained; and hence will not volunteer for the war wlmile there is a chance to enlist for six or twelve months. You will not understand me as complaining of this course, for, if you have authorized it, I doubt not you have good reasons for it. It is reported here that there is an intention of withdrawing the r~giment of Colonel McCulloch from its position upon the frontier. While I attach very little consequence to this impression, I feel called npon, in justice to our frontier citizens, to request that it may not be (lone. I feel apprehensive that we may in the future have more trouble from Indians than we have had for several months, an(l I simould therefore feel very unwilling to see this regiment taken away. It has been 111)011 that line of froimtier for nearly one year, and is, or should be, better suited for its protection than any new forces that could be l)laced there. I trust that the opinion of your intention to withdraw it is incorrect, and that that border may not be deprived of its presence and l)rotectlolI. I trust that you have by this time received the cannon expected from llichinond, and that they are, or will SOON be, rea(ly for service. Simould you be attacked at Galveston, which I hope will not be the case, I greatly desire to lmave it in my power to be present. 1 am, very respectfully, your obedient servaimt, & c., EDWAIlD CLAIIK. MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galceston, Tex October 24 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War, Richmond, Va.: SIR: My duties have been of so ~)ressing a ili ture at this post and on the Gulf coast that I have imot as yet been able to rel)air to San Antonio, the headquarters of the department. In a former commnunication I had the honor to a(lvise tile Depart- ment of the difficulties under whiclm I labored for want of funds ommus ~ ~, and amnmnunition, in endeavoring to place this post and otlmer })OintS Oil the seaboard in a respectable state of (lefense. The guims availsble are limited in number and of inferior caliber to tlmose likely to be brought against us by the enemy. The few heavy guns ordered from Richmon Page 127 (2IIAP. XI.] COI~RLSP& NDENCE, ETC.CONPEDEIIATE. 127 are now on the route between Alexandria and the Sabine Liver. Much difficulty has been exl)eridnced in the transportation of these guns ~cross the countryso much so, that the time of their reaching this J)oint is very indefinite. I have dispatched an efficient person, with the necessary appliances, to assist the agent of the quartermasters depart- ment of New Orleans in the transportation. In view of the fact that owing to the superior naval armaments of the enemy and his entire possession of the sea, it wiIlbe almost impos- sible to prevent a landing at some point upon this extensive and un- protected coast, I have settie(1 upon it as a military necessity that he must be fought on shore or in the interior. To do this an army must be raised, organized, and armed with such weapons as can be i)rOcured. I have in consequence already authorized and called into service sev- eral volunteer regiments, for the war when I)racticable, and for twelve mouths when necessary. The State having already been pretty well exhansted of the young material willing to eu~ac~e for the war th a necessity of resorting to twelve-mont hs enlistments. After muature deliberation I consider that a volunteer force of abont I 3,000 men should without delay be called into service, and of this the Rio Grande frontier will minced some 3,000 or 4,Ot)0. Time pressing, amid the means of communication with the headquarters of the Government being slow and uncertain, I shall proceed, until further orders from the War Department, to raise and organize this force, if possible, from time State, arming and equipping it as efficiently as the means available will permit, trusting that the Government will aI)preciate the motives by which I am prompted and will sanction my acts. I shall appoint provisionally such field an(i staff officers as may be necessary, subject to the approval of the President. I am encouraged to take this action, as the precedent established by my predecessor seems to have met with the sanction of the Government by the con- firmation of the provisional appointments made by him. Upon mny arrival here I found the department without a single regi ment fall, armed and equipped. I have now, or will have in a few days, over 5,000 men in the field, statione(l here an(l at other points not well armed and equipped, it is true, but as efficiently as circum- stances permit. The department is wofully deficient in powder, lead, and amumunil ion of all kinds. I have directed the chief quartermaster to muake arrange- mnents with individuals to obtain, if possible, arms and ammunition from Mexico, giving cotton in exchange. I have the honor to inclose copy of a proclamation issued on the 7th mnstant. Again expressing the hope that the Department will sanction mny acts in the execution of the purpose of (lefendilig this State. if possible against invasion, I have the honor to be, v cry respectfully, your obe dient servant, P.O. HEBERT, Brigadier-General, Pror. Army, Oomdg. Dept of Texas. DONA AMA, October 24, 1861. To the CoMMA~nIN~ OFFICER C. S. TRoOP8 en route for Fort Bliss: Sin: I am in receipt of reliable information that 2,590 of the enemy, with one battery of artillery, are now on the road for this place, and I See p. 115 Page 128 128 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAr. Xl. would urge that reenforcements hurry up as fast as possible. I shall have to fall back on Quitman, and maybe Davis. I am sending my supplies ahead, and will keep the enemy iii check, if possible; but send up men as soon as possible, for they will be ileeded. It is reported to me that General Sumner is on the way from G-uaymas with 2,000 regu- lar troops to meet the forces from above at Mesilla. Hurry up if you want a fight. JOllY IL BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdy. Second Reyt Mounted Rifles. DoRA ANA, October 24, 1861. [Judge S. HART:] DEAR JUDGE: I write a few lines to say we are all quiet and busy forwarding our supplies. No news from above. My spies are down from Thorn. No sign of the enemy so far. I will have them watched, an~ let you know in time all the news. Cannot you sen(l pony to Chihuahua to ascert mm if Sumner is coming across ~ I learn lie is coming, and think it should be seen to by all means. Keep cool for we have time. They will get no re-enforcements from Kansas, and if Sumner does not come we will bag the whole party before spring. So far they have no re-enforcements, and are depending ou Mexicans who have been pressed into service. I shall just keep out of the way and let them fall to pieces of their own weight. The money Price took at Lexington was to pay the New Mexican troops off; but wont be used for that purpose now, and how long the Mexicans will serve without pay will be seen; not long, I imagine. Kind regards to madam and boys. Yours, JOHN R. BAYLOR. DoRA MA, October 24, 1861. [Judge S. HART:] DEAR JUDGE: My spy returned yesterday, bringing me news that Colonel Canby was at Craig with 2,500 men, and would move against me by the 1st of November. Last night an express from Santa F6 arrived, bringing me the same news, and confirming all the particulars stated by my spy. 1 want you to get all the transportation possible to move the stores at Fort Bliss to Quitman or Davis, as I shall direct. I shall send all from here, and make my arrangements for an orderly retreat, as it is folly for me to attempt resistance against such odds; and, besides, it only amounts to the inconvenience of moving, for when General Sibley gets with me we will return and get pay. I send you an extra which was brought by express from Santa F6. This is a damper on the enemy, for it was the very funds intended to pay off the very troops in New Mexico, who have had no pay for eighteen months. There is great dissatisfrction up there for want of pay among the regulars and the force used to get the natives in the ranks. With three more companies I would fight them, but dont think it prudent now. Tom has deserted and gone to Kentucky. Dont be alarmed. I can get out of the way, and you must all look out and remove your effects across the river. Tell Crosby and Magoffin to be calm, and do not create a panic. All will turn out right. A little time is all we want. You will hear of some tall guerrilla work before long Page 129 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 129 I have only to add that I leave to your good sense and judgment to do as you think best. Dont fail to send corn at once to Quitmaii and a large supply for Davis. This must be done at once. I will keep you advised of all movements. Yours, in haste, JOHN H. BAYLOR. HEADQUARTERS, Doiia A~iTa, Ariz., October 25, 1861. Co~MA~DER DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS: Sin: I hasten to inform you that my spies have returned from New Mexico, bringing the intelligence that Colonel Canby, with 2,50~ men and a battery of flying artillery, are en route to this l)lace. I shall be compelled to fall back, as my force is too weak to meet them. 1 have petitioned time and again for re-enforcements to prevent this disaster, to all of which a deaf ear has been tnrned. I have only to a(ld that the abandonment of the country will necessarily be attended with a great sacrifice of property, and subject the friends of our cause to persecution and ruin. If it is the wish of the colonel commanding the department that Arizona should be abandoned, and I presume it is, he can con- gratulate himself upon the consummation of that event. The colonel commanding the department informs me in his last orders to me that in case of invasion I can make such disposition as I think proper of the troops on my line, & c. This is liberal, when it is remem- bered that the troops of the enemy are but little over 100 miles from me and my re-enforcements scattered for 500 miles. It is unnecessary to ask for re-enforcements, as I presume they are not to be had. I shall therefore fall back, and await the arrival of Brigadier-General Sibley. Respectfully, & c., JOHN H. BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Gommanding Arizona. STATE OF TEXAS, ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Austin, Tex., October 28, 1861. General P. 0. H~BERT, C. S. A., Gommanding Department of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: GENERAL: I have the honor to inclose you extracts from a letter ad- dressed to me by Brig. Gen. D. M. Stapp, of the Texas militia, respect- ing the de2enses of the important pass leading into Matagorda Bay. He is the collector of the port of Indianola; was a member of the late State Convention, and is an old citizen of intelligence and respect- ability. Trusting that you will pardon any violation of military rule in my ad- dressing you this communication directly, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, WM. BYRD, Adjutant-General of Texas. [Inclosurel Col. WxL BYRD, Adjutant-General, Austin,Tex.: There are two companies (Captains Sheas and Reuss), say 180 men, at the Pass, with four 24-pounders, furnished by the Government, and two 9 R RVOL I Page 130 130 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. 12-pounders and one 6-pounder, turned over by the citizens or military board of Indianola. This constitutes our defense. Suppose an inva- sion be attempted through this point. Those men, with their armaments, would fall an easy prey to the enemy, and before assistance could reach them from Victoria the euemy would be prepared to meet us with our own gulls. Captain Pearsons company, from Matagorda, aud Captain Phillips, from Lavaca, should have been ordered to the Pass, instead of farther back into the country. You are aware, from Personal experience, of the uncertainty of transportation from Indianola, or Lavaca, or Mat- gorda to the Pass, depending, as it does, upon the wind and tide. It is clear to my mind that the post should be strengthened or abandoned. Captain Beaumonts company of cavalry, it was thought, was to be stationed on the island, and many joined from here with that belief. It seems to me that they could do much good as scouts on the island below the fort. They could cut off detachments if the enemy attempted a landing, and give information if they made their appearance below. They do no good stationed at Victoria. I do not know whose duty it is to see to the military condition of this particular section of the coast, but I assure you there is immense responsibility resting somewhere. No officer or engineer, with authority to control or direct the military defenses of this bay, has ever been ordered here. Captain Shea, who does not profess to be an engineer, was ordered to select a place at or near the Pass, and to put his gans in. This he has done, and done well, no doubt, and he and Captain Beuss, with their companies, will die de- fending them; but he has no authority to increase his force or abandon the post. These suggestions are hastily summed up to call your attention to the facts, that you may see the importance of action in the premises. If we are in danger, immediate action alone can save us. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ft M. STAPP, Brigadier-General, Texas Militia. GALVESTON, TEX., October 31, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Richmond, Va.: Mv DEAR Sin: I had the honor a few days since of addressing an official communication to the War Department, stating as my opinion that an army of some 15,000 men would be necessary to resist an inva- sion of this State and to protect its frontiers, and to ask for authority to call out that number of volunteers. From my intercourse and cor- respondence with the authorities and people of this State, I know that they look for protection at the hands of the Confederate Government, and expect me, its representative, to act in the matter. It is a difficult task under the circumstances. All I can do is to call out volunteers, and place in their hands such weapons as can be found in the country. Of lead, powder, and caps the supply is ahuost nothing at all. I have called upon the people to collect and preserve all they have. Arrange- ments have been, by my direction, made with firms here to procure mu- nitions of war from Mexico, giving cotton in exchange, and with some hopes of success. To tell you how totally unprepared, confused, and defenseless I found this department, and to describe fully the difficulties under which I have labored, and do still, from lack of means, guns, arms, ammunition, and a proper military organization, would be tedious, and employ to Page 131 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 131 much of your valuable time. As an engineer, I can but too well appre- ciate the defenseless state of the sea-coast, see plainly what is nee(led generally, but of course can only deplore my inability to remedy the evil. I much fear that I have brought my little military reputation to an early grave. At all events, I will endeavor to justify the confidence of the President in charging me with this difficult command, aud trust to your know ledge of the correctness of my motives an~iLyour friendship for me to set me right in all matters where I may seem to transcend the authority usually vested in commanders of departments. Very r and truly, yours, espectfully P. 0. Pi~BERT. MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, Tex., November 4, 1861. Col. J. C. MOORE, Comdg. Military District of Galveston, Tex.: SIR: Commander Hunter, C. S. Navy, was ordered to report to the general commanding the Department of Texas. He has been placed on special duty, and assigned to the immediate command of the naval defenses of the port of Galveston and the vessels in the employ of I he Government. Commander Hunter, as any other subordinate officer. is subject to the orders of military superiors in this military district. The right of the general commanding, when present in person, to communi- cate directly with the blockading squadron on the coast it is taken for granted that Colonel Moore did not intend to question. By order of Brig. Gen. P. 0. H6bert, commanding Military Depart- ment of Texas: SAML. BOYER DAVIS, Major and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. GENERAL ORDERS,) HDQRS. MIL. DEPT OF TEXAS, No. 11. Galeeston, Tex., November 6, 1861. From and after this date no authority shall be given to raise troops for a less period than the war. Enlistments shall be made for the war, unless sooner discharged. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. H6bert, commanding Military De. partmeut of Texas: SAML. BOY ER DAVIS, Major and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. RINGGOLD BARRACKS TEX November 7, 1861. Col. JOHN S. FORD, Gomdg. ASvecond Regiment Mounted Rifles, Fort Bromvn~ Tex.: SIR: On the 29th ultimo we received information that the detach- ment of Captain ~ company had been withdrawn from Carrizo, and that a party 6f Mexicans from the other side of the Rio Grande had threatened to attack the place. Immediately I started for that point, and arrived there on the following day, but too late to l)revent the stealing of several horses from the rancho. They confined their depredations to stock alone, avoiding the rancho and persons therein. The party engaged in this affair were inhabitants of this State, bat, when Texas seceded, they refused to bear allegiance to the Confederacy, and openly declared their intention of supporting no government excep Page 132 132 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. that of the United States. About that time Captain Nolan attacked and killed several of the rebels, whereupon the remainder of theni ran to the opposite side of the river, where they have remained ever since at a raneho opposite Carrizo. Their ranches on this side of the river are mostly deserted. Occasionally you will find servants in some of the ranches, attending to their stock. Is not this property subject to con- fiscation l If so, am I the proper person to take the matter in hand ~ Please inform me as to the way to proceed. I have the names of the refugees, furnished me by the chief justice of the county. I find it nec- essary to leave a detachment of men at Carrizo, as it is unsafe for the citizens to remain there without protection as long as these marauders remain at the rancho just across the river. I learned at Carrizo that the majority of the Mexican citizens of Za. pata County had never taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States, whereupon I issued an order for them all to come forward and fulfill that duty. The time being somewhat short, only twenty came forward; but, on election day, all will be required to do so before voting. In a few days I expect to report to you that all of the Mexicans in that county have become citizens. My command are all well, and fast im- proving in the drill. I am, sir, your obedient servant, W. H. BREWIN, Captain, Commanding Ringgold Barracks. HEADQUARTERS SIBLEYS BRIGADE, A. T. V., San Antonio, Tex., November 8, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General C. S. Army: GENERAL: I have the honor to forward herewith for your informa. tion certain letters from Lieutenant-Colonel Baylor, Judge Crosby, and Judge Hart, relative to military movements on both sides in the Terri- tory of New Mexico. I regard the probable advance of the Federal forces there as a movement decidedly to be desired by us, and that so soon as my force shall reach the field of action it must result in the de. struction or capture of the enemys forces. It is no doubt induced by the threatened attack of Lieutenant-Colonel Baylor on Fort Craig, made by my orders. Colonel Iteilys regiment of my brigade is by this time some 250 miles en route. Colonel Greens broke camp yesterday, and my third regiment (Colonel Steeles) will follow very soon. Not an hour shall be lost in pushing forward the whole force. The delays here- tofore encountered have been unavoidable. Messrs. Crosby and Hart are engaged under my authority in procuring supplies for my command, which I state here as explanatory of their letters. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 11.11. SIBLEY, Brigadier-General, P. C. S. A. [Inclosures.I HEADQUARTERS, Dolha Ai~a, Ariz., October 25, 1861. Brigadier-General SIBLEY: SIR: The enemy, about 2,500 strong, are on the march for this place eleven companies of U. S. regulars and thirteen companies of New Mexican volunteers. They have a battery of artillery. I shall be force Page 133 CIL~r. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 133 to fall back, as my force is too weak to meet the enemy. I am forward- ing my supplies to Qaitman, and will send them, if necessary, to Davis. I would respectfully urge that re-enforcernents be sent at once, as the supplies of this valley are of the utmost importance to us, and will be consumed or destroyed by the enemy if they are allowed to remain. There is now a fine supply of corn iii the valleyenough to furnish two or three regiments. I have on hand no corn and but little hay. I would not accumulate supplies for fear of an invasion. I can save most of my commissary and hospital supplies. I have ordered corn thrown into Davis in large quantities, for your use as well as mine, should I b6 forced there. I get my intelligence from Santa F6 by three gentlemen well known as men of veracity. Messrs. Phillips and Battle are two of them. Battle says the officers told him that General sumner was coming across from Guaymas, and was expected to meet Colonel Canby at Mesilla. 1 have spies now on the road to ascertain if this is so, and will know soon. The Mexican population are decidedly Northern in sentiment, and will avail themselves of the first opportunity to rob us or join the enemy. Nothing bnt a strong force will keep them quiet. I would again urge that re-enforcements cannot be too soon sent up. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN Th BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Gomdg. Second 1?egt T. Jill. B. EL PAso, October 27, 1861. General II. II. ~mBLEY, Commanding Sibley Brigade, & c.: SIR: The mail has just arrived here from San Antonio,and I am ad- vised by Captain Walker, in commnand of Fort Bliss, that he will cause it to return forthwith. Colonel Baylors dispatches will no doubt advise you of the condition of affairs here at this time. We are looking for Colonel Baylor with his entire force at any moment. The merchants and most of the fhmilies of this part of the country have pulled up stakes~ and gone to the Mexican side. Colonel Canbys force is said to be 2,700 strong, and that he will approach us in three columns, one via the river, one via El Jornada, and another by Stantonthe latter intended to cut off Baylors retreat. This seems to me rather a hazard- ous enterprise for a prudent man like Canby to embark in. You can imnagine what an unsettled state the country hereabout is in. I for one shall stand my ground until the last moment, and will not c~ase to (10 all that can be done in the way of providing for your command, at least so long as I may have it in my power to remain. I have made arrange- mnents with a responsible party to proceed at once and buy up a quantity of corn, beaus, & c., in Mexico for your use. None of these supplies, as a matter of course will be brought on this side of the river until such time as they would be safe from the enemy. The party who will make these purchases is not known as a contractor for the Confederate States, and will therefore run no risk in his purchases. 1 regret not having received additional instructions per last mail. I shall engage all the arms and munitions possible to be had. I am send- ing an express to Sonora with a view, among other things, of watching the California route. It may be that there is some intelligence between Canby and Sumner, and that it is desirable to get Baylor out of the way to enable them to form a junction at Mesilla. This is, however, purely conjectural on my part. In very great haste, your obedient servant, J. F. CfiOSBY Page 134 134 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL EL PAso, October 27, 1861. General II. II. SIBLEY, C. S. A., Commanding Briqade for Arizona and New Mexico, en route or at San Antonio: MY DEAR GENERAL: A week since Judge Crosby called on me in refereuce to supplies for your brigade. I immediately took steps to secure supplies of breadstuffs, the greater part of which must come from Sonora, as there is great scarcity in the State of Chihuahua. I sent for my Sonora agent to come to me here a month since, to meet and see what would be required of me to furnish the Confederacy. This agent was to have left about this time with a proper escort from Colonel Baylor, and some thirty to forty wagons, to commence hauling supplies from the Sonora border to the Rio Grande, which would have com- menced to arrive at Fillmore by the middle of December. In the mean time my mills will furnish from the limited supplies of grain here. I have now some 40,00~ to 50,000 pounds of flour, and will have 40,000 to 50,000 pounds more if the New Mexican troops do not succeed in forcing Colonel Baylor to fall back beyond this place. The flour I have here, and may make till I am interrupted, I am now placing in a place of safety in El Paso, Mexico, as recommended by Colonel Baylor in his letters, which I inclose. I shall do everything in my power, and all that is possible for a man to do in my circumstances and situation, to fnrther the public service. This you well know, and I need not assure you of the fact. You must especially heed Judge Crosbys and Mr. Richardsons suggestions as to things here, and what you and the commanding officers of the department must do to facilitate Mr. Richardson and myself to furnish supplies by procuring some cash funds. I can command here now from $40,000 to $50,000, all or mos~ of which must go into Sonora immediately to pay for flour, & c. As suggested by Colonel Baylor, I have engaged au express to go into Sonora to learim if Sumner is actually coming from California via Guay- mas or Fort Union. By the same express I will order the purchase of more flour, beans, salt, beef, soap, corn, & c. I have there already some 10,000 pounds of corn and 300,000 pounds of flour, all for your brigade, and waiting your movement. I inclose herewith my last letters from Colonel Baylor.* His command is in peril. I hope God in His goodness will so order things as not to make his retreat necessary from Arizona. Our express from Sonora, with intelligence from Forts Yuma and Guaymas, will be back in twenty days, when you and Colonel Baylor will be fully posted up as to Sumner and his movements, if he is making any, towards Arizona from California. Be easy about your supplies; we shall get all we want from Sonorawhat this valley cannot furnish until such time as you may be in full possession of New Mexico, and can avail of its resources or such part as the hungry Federals may leave for your command. Truly and sincerely, yours, S. HART. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, Tex., N 9, 1861. Maj. J. B. LIKENS, Commanding Battalion, Sabine Pass, Tex.: SIR: The commanding general has directed me to instruct you to be extremely vigilant at Sabine Pass, in order to foil any attemupt on the * Probably those of October 24, p; 128 Page 135 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 135 part of the enemy to surprise your post, with a view of destroying the guns now on their way to this place. On yesterday morning, between the hours of 2 and 3 oclock, they were successful in surprising and cap- turing the crew of the schooner Royal Yacht, then in Bolivar Channel. Special Orders, No. 105, instructs you to make a daily report to this office of all information obtained through your scouts or otherwise, the dispatches being carried by your scouts to the point where they will meet the scouts from Bolivar Point. You will indorse 6n the euvelope: To be forwarded instantly on its receipt, day or night, and be par- ticular in your instructions to the bearer of dispatches, in case your in- formation should be of moment to the commanding general. Your scout- ing parties should be of sufficient strength to scout during the whole night, and be struiig along the beach from Sabine to the point where you will meet the scouts from this end. You will inform this office of your success in filling your battalion, and state how many companies you have now mustered into the service, and the progress of those in process of formation. I inclose a paragraph from one of our papers, containing the particu- lars of the surprise on board the Yacht. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. BOYER DAViS, ]1fc~or and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS, La ]Iliesilla, Ariz., November 10, 1861. Col. II. E. MOCULLOCH, Comdg. Dept of Texas, San Antonio, Tex.: SIR: I have nothing new to report as to the movements of the enemy. My spies report that there are sixteen companies at Fort Craig and three within 30 miles of the fort, and that every effort is being made to enlist the Mexicans, who are much divided on the subject of making war upon Texans or of taking any part in the war at all. There exists, too, disaft~ction among the regular troops, who have not been paid, many of them for one year and a half. There is a large train at Craig and quantities of supplies are being hauled there. All this would indicate that the enemy intend to make a move of some sort. I shall have them watched closely, and, should they come down, I have my supplies at Bliss, and transportation ready to move it down to Quitman or Davis, if necessary. I shall, with my mounted force, push for Santa F6, and hold the country until the arrival of General Sibley. A party of citizens from California, who have joined my forces, report g-reat excitement in Southern California. They know of no troops marching for Arizona, but say that Fort Yuma is being strongly re- enforced. I am convinced that a strong force stationed in Western Arizona would enable us to get hundreds of good Southern men, well armed and mounted, who are anxious to join our cause, and this would enable us to watch Sonora, and prevent United States troops from crossing that State, and, what is of importance, open communication with Guaymas and other ports on the Pacific, where we must, of neces- sity, get most of onr supplies. Jwillkeepyouadvisedof all matters here, and act as circumstances may direct. I have the honor to be, respectfully, JOHN H. BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. Texas Mounted Rifles, P. A. C. S Page 136 136 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. SAN ANToNIo, TEX., November 11, 1861. General H~BERT, Commanding Department of Texas: SIR: I have a commission to raise for the Confederate service an infantry company, to rendezvous at or near Victoria, and drill until spring, unless the coast is invaded, and wish to raise a company for the above-mentioned service, but find it hard to get Texans to go into infantry cornl)anies. They say they will go mounted, but no other way; that is, a majority say so. I can get a good company among the Federal. prisoners that are now at Camp Verde, provided they could get certificates from the mustering officer, or some other officer properly authorized, that the Confederate States would pay what is due them by the old Government. They would nearly all to a man join the Southern Army, and there are about 350 of them. If they can get certificates from the Southern Government for their back pay, you will oblige inc much by letting me know, and to authorize the mustering officer, or some one, to give them their certificates after they shall have been mustered into the Confederate service. Yours, & c., 5~ ~T McALLISTER. tlndorseinents.l Will Major Maclin please give the general commanding such infor- mation as he may possess in regard to the writer, and whether what he proposes is advisable? Brigadier- General. CHIEF QUARTERMASTERS OFFICE, Galveston, Te., November 16, 1861. Respectfully returned to the general commanding for his considera- tion. The prisoners now at Camp Verde have from ~l50 to $30() due each. The Adjutant and Inspector General of the Army was consulted upon the subject of paying the prisoners what was due them by the United States. He replied that no appropriation had been made for such purpose, and that they could not be paid. But he was inclined to the belief that the Government would pay them after the war, provided they enlisted and served faithfully. No one, therefore, can give the pledge demanded by the prisoners. My opinion is that the large sums due the prisoners of war at Camp Verde ought not to be paid; that their services would not justify it. They have been solicited frequently to enter onr service, and have declined. They have manifested much bitterness against our cause. Respectfully, your obedient servant, SACKFIELD MACUN, Major, C. S. A., Act. Chief Quartermaster Dept of Texas. HDQRS. SECOND REGIMENT TEXAS MOUNTED RIFLES, Fort Brown, Tex., November 11, 1861. Capt. D. C. STITH, Assistant Adjutant-General, C. S. A., San Antonio, Tex.: CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that, having received informa- tion from my 8pies of the presence of some escaped prisoners of wa~ near the mouth of the Rio Grande, I dispatched Captain Nolan and Lieutenant Lively, with twenty-three men, to that point, with orders t Page 137 CHAP. XI.l CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 137 retake them. They discharged the duty with prudence and propriety. A copy of Captain Nolans report is inclosed. I shall send the prisoners to San Antonio with the train, which will return within a few days. I have strong hopes of being able to recapture Colouel Anderson. A Lieutenant Williams, Second U. S. Cavalry, is reported to have been in Matainoras two days ago. I have spies ou his track. The Mexicans of Zapata County, who refused allegiance to the Con- federate Government, are likely to give trouble. They are backed by a strong party in Guerrero, who avow the intention to take service with the North, should Mr. Lincoln send an invading force to the Rio Grande. They are waiting an opportnnity to make a descent upon the loyal citizens living on this bank of the river, and, should the mounted force be removed, they will do much mischief. The recent attempt is an evidence of their hostility. The prompt action of Captain Brewin checked them. For further particulars you are respectfully referred to his report. In regard to the property mentioned, I shall call the attention of the Confederate anthorities to the fact, and let them take the proper steps in the matter. I have endeavored to avoid all chances of collision with the Mexican authorities, to prevent giving them offense, and to preserve neutrality between the contending parties. To effect these objects I issued an order, and forwarded the portion concerning Mexican afihirs to Colonel Capistrom. I forward a copy of the order, of the note, and of Colonel Capistroms answer; also a copy of the order placing Lieutenant Lively on duty as post adjntant.* The companies of Captains Wilkie and Creuzbar will arrive to-mor- row. The mounted companies are encamped at Rancho Viejo, 7 miles distant. They are in. one camp, for the purpose of exercising them in the battalion drill. The work is progressing on the fort. I understand Lieutenant-Cot- onel Buchel, Major Gray, and Captain Settle arrived this evening. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, JOHN S. FORD, Colonel, Commanding. [Inclosure.] FORT BROWN, TEX., November 9, 1861. Col. JoIIN S. FORD, Comdg. Rio Grande ]Iiliilitary District, Fort Brown, Tex.: SIR: I have the honor to report that in accordance with your in- structions I left this post on the 6th inst., accompanied by Lieutenant Lively, of Captain Buquors company, and twenty-three men of my command, and proceeded to the mouth of the Rio Grande. I arrested and brought to this post Charles Douglass and John Brown, escaped prisoners of war, who were trying to make their way to the United States, and also John Murphy, who was likewise trying to get a pas- sage N orth. The man Murphy is supposed to be the person who some time since committed a murder at or near Austin; and, although I did not know Murphy, yet, as he appeared so anxious to leave the country, I thought it my duty to arrest him. I am much indebted to Lieutenant Lively for his valuable assistance; without it I should probably not have succeeded in making the arrests. I turned the prisoners over to Lieutenant Williams, officer of the guard. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, MAT. NOLAN, Captain, Comdg. Co., Second Regt Texas Mounted Rifles. * Not found Page 138 138 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. GENERAL O~IDERS, ~ HDQRS. MIL. DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No.12. Galreston, Tex., November 11, 1801. I. The forces stationed in the military district of Galveston shall compose arid be styled the First Brigade Texas Volunteers, Depart- ment of Texas. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. Hubert, commanding Military De- partment of Texas: SAML. BOYE1~ DAVIS, ilfajor, and Actin~q Assistant Adjutant- General. SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. MIL. DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 119. Galceston, Tex., Nov ember 12, 1861. Commander W. W. Hunter, C. S. Navy, will take measures to guard against any surprise by the enemy in the harbor and bay of Galveston. His attention is directed to the Railroad Bridge. He will report to the commander of the military district, for the purpose of establishing a system of alarm signals with the forces on the island and at Virginia Point. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. H6bert, commanding Military De- partment of Texas: SAML. BOVER DAVIS, Major, and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS, Velasco, Tex., November 13, 1861. General H~BERT: I have not ordered another company to San liPs Fort, and the reason of the delay is I have not been able to place at the disposal of the troops that I may station there any safe mode of retreat, should it become necessary to do so. I have it in contemplation to place a small steamer there in a very few days, which will enable me to affbrd all necessary means to the troops in case a retreat should become necessary. This is a matter of munch importance to Galveston, as well as the county of Brazoria, and you may rely upon my constant efforts until I shall have two coml)anies on the island ready for active service. Very respectfully, J. BATES, Colonel Fourth Regiment Texas Volunteers. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, Tex., November 15, 1861. Major MACUN, Chief Q. AL, Corn. of Sub., and Acting Chief of Ordnance, Department of Texas: SIR: I have been directed by the commanding general to furnish you with the following memorandum of troops to be called into service, if possible, for the defense of tlme Departmeiit of Texas, with their respect- ive rendezvous: First, Sabine Pass, one battalion, to consist of one com- pany of artillery, one mounted, and three infantry companies; second, Galveston Island, Bolivar Point, and Virginia Point, not less than 4,00 Page 139 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETCCONFEDERATE. 139 men, to consist of eight mounted companies, one regiment of artillery, and the balance infantry; third, at or near harrisburg, 2,~Il00 men, of which one regiment should be mounted; fourth, at Spring Creek, near Hemp- stead, 2,000; fifth, at Victoria, 2,000; sixth, on coast from San Luis to head of Matagorda Bay, four mounted companies, six companies of in- fantry; seventh, ou Rio Grande, not less than 3,000, of which one regi- ment should be mounted ; eighth, at Pass Cavallo, three companies; and Arausas, two or more companies. The relative number of rendezvous or stations of these troops may be changed, as circumstances may re- quire, and will be provided for by the propcr departments, npon the above basis, until further orders. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. BOVER l)AVJS, Major, and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, November 15, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, #Secretary of War, Richmond, 17a.: SIR: I have the honor to report that under the apprehension of an invasion by the enemy at any time, and owing to the great distance of this department from General Headquarters, I have taken the responsi- bility of calling into service troops for the defense of the State. J have experienced great difficulty in regard to arms and ammunition, although the troops now in service form hardly one-half of the number I think necessary to act simply on the defensive. Men also, I am sorry to say, are now more difficult to get, especially for the war. There are now over 5,000 troops in service. I have taken the liberty, it being a matter of absolute necessity, of appointing, subject to the approval of the President, the acid officers to the regiments mustered into service and such staff officers as were necessary. I was also compelled to give temporary appointments to persons to secure their services on engineer and special duty, all of which is, of course, subject to the approval or disapproval of the Presi- dent; the commissons subject to being canceled at any tinme, and troops disbanded by his order. I have the honor to inclose a list of officers appointed as above for the approval of the President. Commander NV. NV. Hunter, C. S. ~ avy, ordered to report to the general commanding this department, I assigned to the immediate com- mand of the naval defenses, such as they are, of the port and bay of Gal- veston. Upon his application and representation of an urgent neces- sity, I authorized him to employ such boats, propelled by steam or other- wise, as the service in his judgment rendered necessary. I am aware that time chartering of boats for this kind of service is rather expensive, but when it is considered that this city is on an island, connected with time mainland by omily one railroad bridge, and that it is subject to a disaster siumilar to that of Fort Hatteras, it seems that prudence would dictate that all proper precautions should be taken to get the troops off imm the event of a necessity of abandoning or being driven from the island. There is no doubt but that the defense of Galveston, or any other point on timis coast, in the event of a formidable attack, is a very difficult if not an impossible matter; yet an eflo~t must be made in that (ilPectioll, and this place held as long as possible. It is a cotton port, amid if in the possession of the enemy would be a nucleus for the dis- affected, of which there are, I am sorry to say, muany in this State Page 140 140 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAr. XI. Some time since, being without means whatever, there being none in the department, I was compelled to apply to the citizens for an advance of money to commence certain field works and for purposes of absolute and immediate necessity to the service. This sum ($5,OO()) I shall direct the chief quartermaster to refund, and charge to the fortifications of Galveston. The proper vouchers will be forwarded to General Head- quarters. As a matter of necessity connected with the defense and possession of the island, I have directed the planking of the railroad bridge con- necting with the mainland, so as to admit of the passage of troops. The heavy guns, so long on the way, have not yet reached this place. I hav.e directed every exertion to be made to forward them to their destination. I respectfully submit to the consideration of the Department and of the President the expediency of giving me one or two general officers in this department. My presence at the headquarters of the depart- ment, where, owing to the numerous posts in the command, business accumulates very rapidly and continually, is a matter of necessity; yet my duties have been so pressing and important on the coast, that I have not yet been able to find the time or opportunity to repair to San An- tonio. A general officer I would assign, and the command fully justifies it, to the command of the troops on or near the sea-coast and another on the Rio Grande frontier, so soon as forces can be organized and sent to that part of the State. J have the honor to transmit, for the information of the Department, copies of communications addressed by Lieutenant-Colonel Baylor, in command in Arizona, to Colonel McCulloch, copies of which I have also transmitted to Brigadier General Sibley, at San Antonio. * I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. 0. llI~BERT, Brigadier- General, Prov. Army, Comdg. D~pt of Texas. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. MILITARY DEPT OF TEXAS, No. 143. Galveston, Zliex., Nove~~~ber 15, 1861. Isaac N. Dennis, esq., volunteer aide to the commanding general of the department, will proceed without delay into the interior of this State, for the purpose of inducing the planters and citizens generally to assist in the erection of fortifications for the defense of the coast, in loaning their negroes for that purpose. He will inform them that the hands employed will have quarters and rations furnished, the hands to be sent under the charge of a competent overseer, with the spades, shove Is, & c., and their necessary clothing and cooking utensils. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. H~bert: SAML. BOYER DAVIS, ]Jlajor, and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Austin, Tex, November 15, 1861. Brig. Gen. P. 0. II~BERT, Gomdg. Hdqrs. Dept of T& vas, Galveston, Tex.: GENERAL: I am directed by the governor respectfully to express to you his lively apprehensions for the security of the country of the Lower * Not identified Page 141 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETCCONFEDERATE. 141 Rio Grande, arising from what he understands to be the present insuf- ficiency of the garrison at Fort Brown for its protection. Colonel Luckctt, at present at this place, who has been traversing the country, using his utmost endeavors to recruit for that service, finds them ren- dered abortive by the very numerons authorizations to raise troops, issued from the War Department at Richmond, for different periods of service, and, as conjectured, for more exciting fields of action. Under these circumstances, passing en route through Austin, Colonel Luckett has appealed to his excellency for that aid which he was well aware that, to the full extent of the ability of his excellency, the immense importance of the successful defense of Fort Brown would command from him. Among the various means proposed for the accomplishment of this object, it has been suggeste(l to his excellency, as the one most prob- ably conducive to asatisfactory result, should you concur in its expe- dieiicy, would be for the Confederate Government to decline to receive into its service any more troops from that portion of the State lying west of the Colorado River other thaim those joining Lncketts, Garlands, and Terrells regiments, and such companies as shall be stationed in that district of country for its defense. His excellency is ever ready to place at the disposal of the Confederate Government all the resources of the State for the preservation of its soil from the polluting tread of a ruth- less invader, and his ardent desire to witness the timeous concentration of an adequate force for the protection of the Lower Rio Grande, a region of country now of vital interest, has induced huin to communicate to you the views that have been submitted to him. Should you, general, deem these suggestions inexpedient, I am di- rected by his excellency to inquire whether, iii carrying out your matured plans for the defense of Fort Brown, his co-operation can be rendered available to the furtherance of their success. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. Y. DASHIELL, Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS SIBLEY BRIGADE, San Antonio, Tex., November 16, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector- General, C. S. Army: GENERAL: I have the honor to report that on Monday next, the 18th instant, I shall move with my headquarters to assume in person the command of our forces in the Territory of Arizona, and to conduct the military operations there and in New Mexico. Before proceeding on this distant field of duty it appears proper that I should briefly communicate to you such facts concerning my official transactions here and touching the 1)resent condition of my forces as may be necessary for the information of your office. On my arrival here, about the middle of August last, I confidently expected to be able to raise and organize my brigade within a very brief space of time, and to have been enabled by this date to have it actively employed in the accomplishment of the objects for which it was raised. Many unex- pected circumstances, however, have occurred to defeat this expecta- tion. In the first place, II was disappointed in not receiving from the executive of this State as efficient a co-operation as was desirable. This arose from no want of disposition or zeal on the part of Governor Clark to render every facility in his power for the rapid organization of the force called for. It wa~ the consequence simply of the very ineff Page 142 142 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL dent system of the State military organization to which the governor had recourse to supply the troops. He ordered a sufficient number of companies which had reported to him as organized to report to me for the service of this brigade, but the most of these companies had, as it appeared, either entirely disbanded, or their numbers had become dimiu- ished below the minimum of the Confederate service. The reliance, there- fore, which was placed in this mode of raising the men caused the first serious delay. In the second place, the designation by the governor of companies organized under the State law operated to deter other companies not so organized from offering their services to me, which many would have done at once but for the opinion, very generally prevalent, that time brigade would be filled by the companies ordered out by the governor. Although at the very earliest day that it became apparent that the companies ordered out by the governor could not be relied on, I at once resorted direct to the people themselves, yet it required some time to counteract the effects of the misplaced reliance upon the State system. Another source of delay arose from the competition for men which grew out of the calls for the several regiments required for the service east of the Mississippi. I enumerate these sources of delay simply to explain the unexpected detentions which I have encountered, and not as implying any imputa- tions upon any one whatever. Although I am advancing to the field of duty assigned me with the confident hope of being able to accomplish everything designed there by his excellency the President, yet it is proper that I should state that very great deficiencies still exist in the arms of my troops, not- withstanding every effort on my part to obviate them. Every coumpany reported itself short of arms, amid gave the sufficient reason that they were not to be procured in their respective sections, partly in conse- quence of the great reluctance of the people to allow the serviceable arms to be removed from the State, for the defense of whose coast it was generally believed they would shortly be required. Time difficulty thus arising had to be simrmounted in some manner. ~~herefore,in virtue of the authority delegated to me in the written instructions of his excellency the President, I directed the purchase of serviceable fire-arms and the construction of lances. There not being a dollar in the lmands of any of the disbursing officers of my command, I was necessitated to resort to the credit of the Government for these purchases. These liabilities are outst nding, and on the 13th of the present month I inclosed to the Chief of Ordmtnce the estimates of the funds necessary for their liquidation. To another matter I desire to invite your attention. Shortly after my arrival here General Van Dorn was relieved from duty as com- mander of this department, and Col. llenry B. MeCulloch was left in that position. Brigadier-General I-I6bert came withiu the limits of this department, but (lid not come on to its headquarters and assume the command, but up to very recently left Colonel MeCulloch to act in that capacity, so far at least as the depots and military affairs of this place and section were concerned. Major Maclin, assistant quartermaster and acting ordnance officer of this departmnemit, left this place to meet General ll~bert at Galveston, and still remains there. Colonel MeCul- loch shortly afterwards also left for the same purpose, and time ititelli- gence was soon returned that he had been relieved of the command of the department by the general. The general has not yet come on here. The consequence of all this is that there is, and for the last two or thre Page 143 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 143 weeks has been, no officer within my reach to whom I could apply for the issues of ordnance stores absolutely necessary for my command. In this situation I assumed the responsibility of ordering and requiring from the subordinates in charge of the ordnance stores here the issuance of such ordnance, stores as were indispensable to my command and as could be spared from the service of the department itself. On assuming this responsibility I immediately communicated the fact to General H~bert, at Galveston, with the reasons and motives for my actions, but have as yet received no reply from him. Not to have taken this respon- sibility would have been to incur another and an indefinite delay, which would have probably paralyzed my command for the winter, and would certainly have disabled me from arriving at El Paso, as I hope to do, in time to succor the small force there under Colonel Baylor, whose com- munication regarding an immediate attack by a greatly superior force I forwarded to you on the 8th instant.* These facts will, I trust, vindicate me from any imputation of unwar- rantable intrusion upon the powers of the department commander, which I have been scrupulous to avoid. The Fourth Regiment (Colonel Reilys), being the first of this brigade, took up the line of march on the 22d of last month, and at last advices was making rapid progress. The Fifth Regiment (Colonel Greens), being my second, took up the march on the 2d instant, and will make all possible dispatch. I hope to arrive at El Paso in time to overtake my advance corps. Colonel Steeles regiment is just now completely organized, and will probably be able to march by the 20th instant. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. II. SIBLEY, Brigadier- General, P. A. C. S. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. SiBLEY BRIGADE, A. G. 0., No. 9. San Antonio, Te ., November 16, 1861. I. The headquarters of this brigade will take up the line of march for El Paso on Monday next, the 18th instant. * * * * * * * III. On the advance of headquarters, Col. William Steele, command- ing Third Regiment, will assume the command in chief of all troops belonging to this brigade, remaining in or about this place, until he shall rejoin headquarters. IV. Colonel Steele will take up his line of march with his command to rejein headquarters at the earliest day practicable. By order of Brig. Gen. II. H. Sibley: A. M. JACKSON, A8sistant Adjutant- General, Army of New Mexico. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, Tex., November 16, 1861. W. II. WOODWARD, Esq., and others, Indianola, Tex.: SIR: Your letter dated November 13, 1861, addressed to the command- ing general of the department, has been received, and in answer I See p. 132 Page 144 144 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. (CHAP. XL am directed to state that the general commanding is fully aware of the position of Pass Cavallo and other passes on the coast in a like de- fenseless situation. The gnus and material do not exist in the depart- ment to put the whole coast in a state of defense against a formidable attack. Everything that can will be done with the means available. There are no engineer officers in the department under the control of the general commanding. He appointed and sent Major Slum to Pass Cavallo especially to do the things the letter calls forto do all that could be accomplished with the forces and gnus at that point, and dis- pose of them to the best advantage. Major Slum has some experience as an engineer officer, atid the general commanding had no idea that the appointment would be unacceptable. He has no competent officer to send there as engineer. Can the citizens signing that communication recommend a competent officer ~ Colonel Garland is instructed to visit Pass Cavallo, and report to headquarters if any favorable disposition of the forces nnder his command can be made in regard to its defenses. The general commanding would cheerfully visit Pass Cavallo in person, but it would only be to inform himself of matters which he already knows. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAME. BOYEII DAVIS, Major, Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., Richmond, November 16, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War DEAR SIR: I inclose herewith a communication from Col. William C. Young, of Texas, to you, as requested by him; and, being advised of its contents, I respectfully request your attention to so much of it as refers to the unoccupied condition of Forts Washita, Arbuckle, and Cobb. A very small garrison at each would protect the l)ublic property, but a more imposing force will be necessary to keep the reserve and other neighboring Indians under wholesome restraint, and to keep the peace between the reserve Indians on the one side and the Comanche and Kiowa Indians on the other, which is important to the security of prop- erty and peace of the northern frontier of Texas. With much respect, your obedient servant, JOHN H. REAGAN. [Inclosure.] JEFFERSON, IMARION COUNTY TEX , ., November 3, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War, Confederate States, Richmond: DEAR SIR: On the 29th of October ultimo I furnished the transporta- tiomi and mnuster of Col. Williamn B. Slims regiment of cavalry, who were mustered for a year from the 14th October ultimo. They (the regiment) commenced moving on the 28th, and on the 30th the entire regiment was en route for General ~ command, my regiment having left for the same destination on the 16th October ultimo. Immediately after furnishing the transportation of Colonel Sims regi- ment I left for this place, at the urgent request of Maj. H. P. Crump, to muster his battaliomi of cavalry, raised by the order of Secretary Walker, for Missouri. By Wednesday next I shall be able to complete his mus- ter, and they (the battalion) will march immediately to join Genera Page 145 CHAL. XLI CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 145 MeCulloch, after which I will repair with all dispatch to Col. S. B. Maxeys rendezvous, in the southwest corner of Lamar County. When I have finished the muster of his regiment I shall move directly to join my own regiment, which is ere this with General McCulloch, under the command of my lieutenant-colonel, J. J. Diamond, unless I shall receive different orders. Two of the regiments tendered the Confederate States by his excellency Governor Clark, of the State of Texas, to wit, CoL M. F. Lockes and W. II. ~ I learn, have marched in the direction of the coast, which service, I learn, has been tendered them by General ll~bert, commanding the Department of Texas. I notified Locke and Parsons that I was ordered by your excellency to muster all troops ten- dered by his excellency the governor of the State of Texas into the service of the Confederate States, and to march them without delay to the command of Gen. Ben. McCnlloch, in Missouri. I received no re- ply, but heard they (Locke and Parsons) marched on toward Galveston, disregarding the information I gave them. I would ask leave to call the attention of your department to Forts Washita, Arbuckle, and Cobb. These posts are at the present nnocc.u- pied. Washita and Arbuckle are posts of considerable value, whilst Cobb is but a temporary affair, yet at that immediate place are some 2,500 or 3,000 Indians, known as the Reserve Indians, the most of whom have been principally raised in Texas, know our country better than any one, and are susceptible of being made the most disagreeable and destructive enemies to our northwestern frontierI mean Texas. These Indians are at Fort Cobb, and are unable to protect themselves against the depredations of the combined Comnanches and Kiowas, with whom they (the reserve Indians) are and have been for a long time at war. Besidcs this you have no doubt been officially informed of the rupture between the Creek Indians. Though I learn that matters have been cOml)rOmised and settled with the disaffected Creeks, yet I learn there are still some disaffected Indians of various tribes still hanging about the Cherokee Nation, and give to the Chickasaw Indians and the people of the northern portion of Texas a good deal of nneasi~ess, from their roximity to the Chickasaws and our people immediately on Red River. I learned the day before I left Red River, Grayson County, that there were at one place in the Cherokee Nation, on the Canadian River, 200 runaway and free negroes in regular drill, whose object is supposed to be hostile to the Confederates. If this be so, would not the circumstances justify a force being placed in these posts to keep down hostilities and protect the reserve Indians, and prevent them (the reserve Indians) from being trifled with by the Federals l It has been said that some 500 of time jayhawkers were in camps with the disaffected Creekswhether true or not I cannot say, though it is believed fi-om the northern part of the State of Texas proper there have left for the Confederate Army sev- eral thousand troops, leaving but few, except those who have families. There is a very considerable dread amongst our people on Red River on this account, as it might be justly said that we are now without any power intervening between Texas and the Creek ration, and none be- tween us and the wild Comanches except the reserve Indians, who will stampede at the first approach of the enemy. I desire in this to ask your determination, and, as you think proper, act in the premises. With sentiments of high regard, I am, your obedient servant and friend, WM. C. YOUNG, Golonet, Gomdg. Regt Texas Vol. Oar., 0. A~. Army. 10 U UVOL l Page 146 146 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. GALVESTON, TEX., November 17, 1861. Maj. SAMUEL BOYER DAVIS, Acting A8sistant Adjutant-General: In obedience to an order from the commanding general, I proceeded to make an examination of the Rollover, and the practicability of the launches being transported across it, and the necessity of defending that point, and the best means of effecting this. With the chartered steamer John F. Carr, drawing 2~ feet of water (about that of a frigates launch), at a condition of the tide above the medium mark, I examined the water of East Bay, from Bolivar Point to the nearest approachable shore of the Rollover in that direction, which 1 found to be about 2 miles. The (Jarr there grounded in 2~ feet of water, bottom soft mud. From my own observation and the best information I could obtain from persons well acquainted with that locality, I learn that nothing drawing over 2~ feet of water can approach the Rollover at East Bay sufficiently near to command it. There are but two passes from the Rollover by water into Galveston Bay; one at ilannas Reef and one near Smiths Point. These have ~ feet of water at mean tide, and are so intricate that none but persons well acquainted with the locality, such as oystermen, & c., can find their way through. The Carr grounded three times, with the best pilot I could obtain. The persons reported to be best acquainted with these passes are residents of Bolivar, viz: Captain Atkinson and sons, Eng- lishmen, both being residents of Texas; Mr. John Hamshire and sons, Americans and Texans. The pilots who are best acquainted with these passes are James Reese and John Webster, who reside at Galveston. One of the passes alluded to can be defended by musketry at Smiths Point. The other pass, at Hannas Reef can be approached from Gal. veston Bay by a steamer drawing 5 feet of water. The extensive shoal adjacent to the Rollover at East Bay and the intricate navigation from thence to Galveston Bay render the passage of ships launches, or any boats not especially constructed for shoal waters, a very difficult matter. I learn from persons said to be best acquainted with the waters adja- cent to and seaward of the Rollover that there is deepest water off the Rollover nearest to the shore of any part of the coast from the Sabine to Galveston. A vessel drawing 11 feet of water can anchor within 300 or 400 yards, and ships launches, at mean tide, in a smooth sea, can come within 75 yards of the beach. There is a sand reef, extending from Bolivar Point along the coast beyond the Rollover, distant about 1 mile from the sh6re, on which there is at mean tide from 6 to 7 feet of water, inside of which, by Bolivar Point, there is a channel of 8 or 9 feet of water. The distance from Bolivar Point to the Rollover is about 18 miles. From Bolivar Point to the passage at Hanna~ Reef is about 7 miles. The highest point of land above the sea at the Rollover is said to be about 10 to 12 feet. The land is highest near the sea, and declines gradually towards East Bay for about 200 or 300 yards; then a sudden fall and gradnal slope to East Bay. The distance from the beach to East Bay is said to be about 650 yards. Water for ordinary use can be procured by a slight excavation; but good water cannot be procured nearer than 8 or 10 miles. I am, very respectfully, WM. W. HUNTER, Commander, C. S. Navy Page 147 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 147 WAR DEPARTMENT, C .S.A., Richmond, November 19, 1861. Brig. Gen. P. 0. II~BERT, Galveston, Tex.: SIR: I have had the honor to receive your letter of October 31. marked private, in regard to the condition of affafrs in Texas. I thank you for this information, and assure you that the defe~ise of the coast and frontiers of Texas, whenever they may be threatened, shall not be disregarded by the Government. You may confidently rely upon assist- ance and support whenever they may be needed. So much of your letter as referred to the deficiency of arms, ammunition, & c., I have submitted to the Chief of Ordnance for consultation, with directions that your wants should be as far as possible supplied. The want of arms is one which, unfortunately, we are not just now able to relieve, but I hope that supplies may be on hand in time to meet all the exigencies of your department. In regard to ammunition, the Chief of Ordnance in- forms me that the supply at the arsenal at San A ntonio ought to be ample to supply all your immediate wants (for at least 15,000 men). You are therefore instructed to direct your requisitions to the ordnance officer there in charge. In the mean time it is well to continue to en- courage the people to collect and preserve all their arms and ammuni- tion and to rely as far as possible upon their own means of defense in case of attack. You may assure them, however, that their confidence in the Confederate Government shall not be disappointed, and that if threatened or invaded they shall not be left without assistance. I am, respectfully, yours, J. P. BENJAMIN Acting Secretary of War. FORT DAVIS, TEX., November 21, 1861. General SIBLEY, Commanding Brigade of Troops in the State of Texas: SIR: I have the honor to inclose herewith a letter received by me this morning from a gentleman in Chihuahua. The author of this letter is in every respect reliable. He is known to most of the nierchants in Western Texas and many persons of Louisiana. I, however, send it to you just as he sent it to me, in order that you may act upon it as you see proper. I am, your obedient servant, W. C. ADAMS, Commanding Post. [Inclosure.] CHIHUAHUA, November 6, 1861. To the COMMANDER OF FORT DAVIS, Texas: DEAR SIR: There is a rumor in town, said by persons that pretend to know to be official, that 7,000 Federal troops had landed at Guaymas from California, destined to oi)erate against Texas. It is also said that the governor ha~ received official or(lers from the city of Mexico not to obstruct in any way whatuver the passage of Federal troops over the territory of this State. I inform you of these rumors, fearing lest you may not have any advice of it, and also that you may convey to Gen- eral Sibley the intelligence, that he may act in the matter as his judg- ment may dictate. I remain, yours, most respectfulJy.,. GEG. L. M~ACMANUS Page 148 148 OPERATIONS IN TEK., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XT. GALVESTON, TEx., Novembor 22, 1861. General P. 0. ll~nEnT C S A~ In obedience to your verbal order of this day, directing me to state in writing the practicability of gunboats of the class represented to be in the enemys fleet }~eing able to reach a position in Galveston Bay to command the bridge from Galvestou Island to the mainland, I would respectfully state that a vessel drawing eight feet of water cannot get within 3 miles of the bridge, and one drawing seven feet of water can- not get within 2~ miles of the bridge, by the way of either the Pelican or Galveston channel. Six feet of water in high tide can be taken to the bridge. The enemys gunboats are reported to draw from eight to nine feet of water. He is however represented to have lighter-draught steamers, on which guns may be mounted. Any vessel capable of crossing Galveston Bar can pass at very long gun-shot range, by both Fort Point and Pelican Spit, to about 4 niiles above Pelican Spit. The enemys gunboats may therefore pass both Fort Point and Pelican Spit with the battery at present mounted thereon. Although all the marks indicating the channel-way into Galveston Bay have been re moved, the channel is well known to many persons who have been trading to this place, and doubtless the enemy may have the services of some of these. I am, very respectfully, WM. ~. HUNTER, Commander, C. ~. Navy. ORDNANCE OFFICE, DISTRICT OF GALVESTON, November 22, 1861. [Maj. S. B. DAVIS:] MAJOR: I have the honor to report that, in accordance to justine- tions received from department headquarters, dated November 20, 1861, I have visited the battery referred to, at Virginia Point, and find that it consists of a substantial earth wall, of some 12 feet at the crown and 20 feet at the base, extend lug about 70 yards on both sides of the railroad, and commanding the bridge at all approachable points by water. The armament consists of three 24.pounder guns and one 8-inch howitzer, all mounted on siege carriages, the platforms giving an angle of fire of 90 degrees. Two of the 24-pounders are now in position, and the remaining 24-pounders and the howitzer will be in position to day. The amount of ammunition on hand at the time is as follows: One hundred and seventy-three rounds of powder, 113 rounds of shot, and 18 shells, fixed. The powder magazine is situated 40 yards behind the parapet, 15 feet square by 7 high. It is well built, with a 1)0mb-proof roof, and is not exposed to a fire of round shot, as it has the same height as the parapet. In conclusion, 1 would state that I have consulted with Capt. J. Kel- lersburg, and we are of the opinion that the battery y~ihl be ready by Monday to do good aiid effective service; but at the same time would suggest that at least two guns of a longer range than those there at present be placed at this point as soon as practicable. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, NAT. SPALDING GOOD, First Lieutenant, Acting Ordnance Officer Page 149 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 149 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, November 25, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector-General C. S. A., Richmond, Va.: SIR: I have the honor to inclose herewith, for the information of the Secretary of War, a communication from Lieut Col. John R. Baylor, First Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles, informing tha~t California is on the eve of a revolution, and recommending that the Southerners in that State be induced to join the Confederate States Army. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. 0. Hf~BERT, Brigadier-General, P. A., Comdg. Dept of Texas. [Tholosure.] HEADQUARTERS, Doi~a Aiia, Arix., November 2, 1861. [Maj. S. B. DAVIS:] SIR: I beg to call your attention to some matter of information that may be of service to the Government at this time. California is on the eve of a revolution. There are many Southern men there who would cheerfully join us if they could get to ns, and they could come well armed and mounted. I would ask permission to get all such men as choose to join us, and would further ask that some arrangement for the purchase of horses in California be made. I could now buy the best of horses there for less than $50 per head, and there are many Southern men who would sell them for Confederate bonds. Another thing I take the liberty of suggesting is, that a force be placed in Western Arizona, to watch the landing of United States troops at Gnaymas, that they may not pass through Sonora to invade us. A party of Californians liave just arrived, and report that thvre are no troops on the road at this time, but that the United States Government was trying to raise them for the purpose of invasion, and I am reliably informed that the Government of Mexico has sent orders to the governor of Sonora to allow the passage of United States troops through that State, and agents are iu Sonora buying corn and supplies for the United States troops. I have thought proper to furnish you with this information and leave you to act upon it. Respectfully, JOHN R. BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Colonel, Comdg. T. Mi. P. HDQRS. THIRD REGT TEXAS INF., Puov. ARMY, Fort Brown, Tex., lVovember $30, 1861. Maj. SAMUEL BOYER DAVIS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dept of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: SIR: Information has been given me by Col. Charles Livenskiold, the Texas State commissioner, that a company of inflmntry, commanded by Capt. Morgan, was mustered into the Confederate service for the war, as one of the companies designed for this regiment (the Third Texas Inhmntry, Colonel Luckett), at Corpus Christi. This company, I nn(lerstalld has received imo orders to report at this post, but still re- mains at Corpus Christi. There is also at that point another company (artillery), both of them well armed. As I conceive that one compan Page 150 150 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAr. XI. at that point is equally as capable of defending it as two (both not being sufficient against a superior force), I would respectfully request that orders may be sent to Captain Morgan to join his regiment at this post immediately. lie is, I understand, amply provided with transportation and camp and garrison equipage. We have at this post but two infantry companies (one of them composed entirely of Mexicans), which are so wholly inadequate to the necessities of the post as scarcely to need atten- tion being drawn to the fact; yet, sir, I deem it my duty to urge, in the strongest terms, the necessity for the completion of the regiments and their assembly at this post in the shortest space of time. With the full force destined, or intended, for this point, I cannot but feel that in their raw and unorganized condition they are insufficienthow much the more so this is the case with the force now here you can well judge. Sir, I am so deeply impressed with the urgewt necessity of the full force intended for this post being assembled and organized, that I feel at a loss to convey my impressions to you. In connection with this subject it will readily occur to your ihind that means are requisite to provide for the force. Even with the small force now here it is with no little difficulty that arrangements are made to obtain absolute necessaries, and even of these there are many things of which the troops are wholly destitute. Nearly everything which has been furnished the troops on this frontier in the past has been purchased on credit, and the hope of means being provided at any early day has been so often repeated as almost to produce a smile when expressed. Sir, the credit of the Gov- ernment has been seriously endangered, and unless money can be had in a short time will be utterly ruined. Almost everything needed could be had here now, were we provided with the means of paying for pur- chases. Without money it is with the greatest difficulty that anything can be had; besides, everything purchased upon credit is at a cost out- rageously high. Arms and other munitions can now be had in Mexico, but if not purchased soon (and money is needed to do so), the difficulties expected with Spain will utterly preclude the l)Ossibility of accomplish- ing ft. In my last report to headquarters I informed you that General J. M. I. Carvajal was in close proximity to Matamoras, and that an attack was anticipated. I now have to inform you that on the morning of the 20th instant General Carvajal, with a force of 1,800 or 2,000 men, com- menced an attack on Matamoras, defended by General Guadaloupe Gar- cia, with a force of about 1,600 men. The contest has continued up to the l)resent time, with the exception of two armistices, the first of twenty- four hours, to permit the withdrawal of foreign consuls, women, children, and non-combatants; tlie second, of forty-eight hours, terminating at 2 p. m. to-day, for a conference, having for its object a settlement of the difficulties. It has resulted, I understand, in iio favorable adjustment, and hostilities have been resumed. Much valuable property has been destroyed, the principal portion of which, so far as I can learn, belong. ing to foreigners. I have endeavored to preserve as strict neutrality as l)racticable, though I have extended several favors, which I deemed dictated and demanded by feelings of humanity. The best I)ossible feeling exists at the present hour between both of the belligerent powers and myself, and they are equally gratified, or so express themselves, at the neutral position I have assumed and the measurca taken to pre- serve it. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. BUCHEL, Lieutenant- Colonel, Conzrnanaing Page 151 CHAP. xI.J CORI~ESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 151 IIDQRS. SECOND REGT TEXAS MOUNTED RIFLES, La ]Iiliesilla, Ariz., December 2, 1861. Brigadier-General lli~BEnT, Commanding Department of Texas, San Antonio, Tex.: Sin: I have the honor to inform you that my spies have returned from the immediate vicinity of Fort Craig, and report the enemy fortifying that place strongly, and also extending their camps ahd fortifications down the river as far as Alamosa, 30 miles below the fort. General Sibleys troops have not arrived yet, but I learn are within a short distance of Fort Bliss. I shall continue to watch the movements of the enemy until the arrival of General Sibley, when he will have com- mand and act as he thinks proper. I have no fears now of an invasion from above, and am happy to state that my regiment is in fine health and ready for any service demanded of them. The small-pox has abated, and will, I hope, en- tirely disappear in a few days more. I regret to report the loss of several men by that disease. - Since putting my men in quarters the health of the command has greatly improved. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN R. BAYLOR, Lieutenant- Golonel, Commanding. GALVESTON, TEX., December 2, 1861. General P. 0. IIfrnERT C S A~ In obedience to your verbal order of this day, I have obtained the best information in my power touching the means of defense of the mouth of the Trinity River. There are three passes in the Trinity River; two of them will not admit the passage of anything but small boats, drawing from 2 to 24 feet of water, ~and these are much obstructed by logs and shoals. The third and main pass is through a canal, the entrance to which would be nuder the guns of a battery, placed at Chambersia, or the same place, called Anahuac. Through this canal there is about 44 feet of water at mean tide. Anahuac is on the mainland, on the east side of the bay, and there is a good road to Liberty and Beaumont. A battery at Anahuac, supported by 500 infantry, would seem to be a sufficient force to command the entrance to Trinity River. A steamer suited to the navigation of the Trinity River would be able to communicate with Liberty, distant about 25 miles by land and from 30 to 40 miles by water. Navigation above Liberty is l)racticable only in high stages of water, which is usually from about the middle of January. The con- dition of water will admit of navigation to Magnolia, 125 miles from the town of Sabine, which is distant about 40 miles from Natchitoches, on Red River. I am, very respectfully, WM. W HUNTER. Commander, C. S. Navy. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ llnQns. DEPARThIENT OF TEXAS, No. 206. ~ Galveston, Tex., Pecember 3, 1861. I. Col. H. E. MeCulloch, First Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles, is, until further orders, assigned to the immediate command of the militar Page 152 152 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. posts northwest, west, and south of San Antonio, including the posts at Victoria and Saluria. * * * * * * * By order of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll~bert: SAML. BOYER DAVIS, Major, Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, Galveston, Tex., December 3, 1861. Col. II. E. MOCULLOcIH, Gomdg. First Regt Texas Mounted Rifles: SIR: I have been directed by the commanding general to furnish you with the following memorandum of troops to be called into service, if possible, for the defense of the Department of Texas, with their respect- ive rendezvous. First, Sabine Pass, one battalion, to consist of one company of artil- lery, one mounted, and three infantry companies; second, Galveston Island, Bolivar Point, and Virginia Point, not less than 4,000 men, to consist of eight companies mounted, one regiment of artillery, the bal- ance infantry; third, at or near Harrisburg, 2,000 men, of which one regiment should be mounted; fourth, at Spring Creek, near Hemp- stead, 2,000; fifth, at Victoria, 2,000 sixth, on coast from San Luis to head of Matagorda Bay, four mounted companies, six infantry; seventh, on Rio Grarde, not less than 3,000, of which one regiment should be mounted; eighth, at Pass Cavallo, three companies; Aranzas, two or more companies. The relative number, rendezvous, or stations of these troops may be changed as circumstances may require, and will be provided for by the proper departments upon the above basis until further orders. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. BOYER DAVIS, Major, Assistant Adjutant- General. IIDQRS. THIRD REGT TEXAS INFANTRY, PROm ARMY, Fort Brown, Tex., December 5, 1861. Maj. SAMUEL BOYER DAVIS, Asst. Adj. Gen., Dept of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: SIR: It is with regret that I have to notify the commanding general of the lamentable condition of the forces at this post. There are but two companies of infantry here. One (Captain Parkers) is composed wholly of Mexicans, and, like all their countrymen, are susceptible to bribes and corruption, and cannot be depended upon. No less than 14 men from this company alone have deserted and passed over the river into Mexico, taking part in the difficulties now unhappily existing in Tamaulipas. The other company (Captain l3nquors) and Captain ~ artillery company are composed partly of Mexicans but chiefly of foreigners, who are old soldiers and deserters from the old Federal Army. With few exceptions they are a class of men in whom no dependence whatever can be placed. A few dollars and a little whisky is quite sufficient to corrupt and entice them away. Five of these men (belonging to Captain Marmions artillery company) hav Page 153 CHAr. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 153 also deserted and crossed into Mexico, notwithstanding I have taken every precaution in my power to prevent it. I make this statement not only from a sense of duty, bnt for the pur- pose of requesting that the other companies raised to complete this regiment may be selected and composed of an entirely different class of men; that, if enough companies cannot be found to volunteer for this service (the Rio Grande), the commanding general may be induced to send down some of the companies stationed in the reserve camps. We need men of character and intelligence, who have an interest in the success of our cause and country, and who cannot be bribed or enticed to desert. 1 have strong hopes of being able to arrest some of those who have deserted. Indeed, I now have one, against whom charges will be pre- ferred and forwarded without delay. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. BUCilEL, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. LNDIANOLA, TEX., December 6, 1861. Maj. SAMUEL BOVER DAvis, Act. Asst. Adjt. Gen.q Dejjt of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: Sin: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 146, dated Headquar- ters Department of Texas, Galveston, November 16, 1861, which was received at Camp Henry McCulloch, November 28, 1861, 1 have the honor to report that, upon a thorough reconnaissance of this place as well as the coast between this and Pass Cavallo, in my judgment no dis- position can be made of the forces under my command in their present state of organization and appointment, so as to defend any portion of the immediate coast or afford any material aid in preventing vessels from entering this bay. This place is pretty much abandoned, and I believe such is the case with most all the towns and villages adjacent to the coast. The point selected by Captain Shea to establish his bat- tery is, in my opinion, the proper position to command the entrance to the bay, and, if properly constructed, under the supervision of an ex- perienced engineer officer and suitably appointed, could be made to accomplish that object; but in its present condition it is totally inad- equate for this purpose, and should be immediately withdrawn, or put in a condition, not only to command the Pass, but to be capable of de- fending itself from attack by sea or land. On account of its isolated position it is totally cut off~ from any snpport from any quarter what- ever, and, if attacked with heavy metal or a superior force, either by sea or land (and it is open to attack either way or both at the same time), it must inevitably fall into the hands of the enemy, as I can con- ceive of no possible way of withdrawing them in the presence of an enemy, on account of several impassable bayous. I also inclose a report of ordnance and ordnance stores pertaining to Captain Sheas command. The captain appears to be an energetic and industrious officer, and his command is in a fair state of discipline and instruction. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 11. 11. GARLAND, Colonel, Provisional Army Page 154 154 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. [Inclosure.] List of ammunition on l2and at Fort Washington, Pass Cavallo, Tex., December 5, 1861. Fifty-four rounds spherical case shot, for 24-pounder; 24 rounds shell, for 24-pounder; 156 rounds round shot, for 24-pounder; 64 rounds grape shot, for 24-pounder; 24 rounds canister shot, for 24-pounder; 150 pounds cannon powder, for 24-pounder; 10 kegs cartridges, for 24-pounder (18 in each keg); 8,860 B. and B. cartridges; 2,500 rifle cartridges; 4 24-pounder siege guns; 2 12-pounder siege guns; 1 6-pounder field gun, no fixed ammunition or equipments and badly mounted; 98 rifle muskets; 33 common muskets; 36 cavalry musket- oons, equipment complete. The above is a correct statement of arms and ammunition at this post. D. D. SHEA, Captain, C. S. Provisional Army, Commanding Post. ____________ & HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DISTRICT OF GALVESTON, Galveston, Tex., December 6, 1861. Capt. E. B. II. SCHNEIDER, Commanding at South Battery: SIR: It is evident, from the movements of the enemy, that they are preparing for an attack on this place. Should a night attack be at- tempted, it will most likely be made on Fort Point, Pelican Spit, and South Battery. You will therefore take such precautions as to prevent surprise, by doubling your guards and throwing out pickets in various directions to the waters edge. It is confidently expected that you will successfully defend yonrsetf against any attack by boats. But should numbers overwhehn you, you will destroy your guns by spiking, or otherwise blow up your ammunition, set fire to your buildings, and retreat in an orderly manner towards the headquarters of INichols regiment, on the strand. Additional vedettes are thrown out to pro- tect the telegraph lineto keep it intact Should appearances indicate attack, you will immediately telegraph to me at the office of E. B. Nichols & Co., where my quarters are established. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. B. NICHOLS, Colonel, Commanding District. HDQRS. THIRD IREGT TEXAS INFANTRY, PROY. ARMY, Port Brown, Tex., December 7, 1861. Maj. SAMUEL BOYER DAVIS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dejpt of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: SIR: Inclosed you will find a copy of a communication received this morning from Capt. John A. Settle, assistant commissary of subsistence and acting assistant quartermaster, Provisional Army, C. S. I have personally investigated the circumstances attending the sub- ject-matter of his communication, a~md I feel compelled to report our situation as a truly deplorable one. Flour and corn cannot be had at all on this side of the Rio Grande. All that we can get comes from the other side (Mexico), and, nuder the most favorable condition of circum- stances the supply is limited and precarious. Both of these articles have to be brought from the interior of Mexico and from great dis- tances. During the present disturbed state of the country the risk o Page 155 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 155 transportation is so great that it is with the utmost difficulty the com- mon carriers can be prevailed upon to incur it, nor will they do so at all for paper money nor upon credit. They must be paid cash in specie. The quartermaster and commissary departments are wholly out of the articles mentioued; besides, many other small things necessary to the health, comfort, and subsistence of the troops, which can only be had for cash, and at best in but small quantities. There are now in the command to be provided for about 700 men and over 400 horses ,and other troops expected every hour. The quartermaster and commissary departments are without a dollar and without credit. The officer in charge of these departments is not even authorized to draw a draft by means of which money can be obtained, nor can money be borrowed. Representations of the most urgent character have repeatedly been made, both orally and by letter, of the great necessity existing that this post should be supplied with funds sufficient to meet the requirements of the troops, and of the utter impossibility of accomplishing anything without them. Still we are unsupplied. The credit of the Government here is almost wholly lost. The state- ment that money is soon expected elicits a smile of incredulity, if not a sneer of contempt. The enemy has already made his appearance, as there is a steamer of war lying off Brazos Santiago (she arrived on the afternoon of the 5th instant), and others daily expected. I may be require(l to move the whole command at auy moment to meet the enemy, if a lauding can- not be prevented. Under these circumstances, and feeling deeply im- pressed by the necessities of the case, I have taken the responsibility of ordering Capt. John A. Settle, assistant commissary of subsistence and acting assistant quartermaster, Provisional Army, C. S., to draw a draft for $10,000 on the assistant treasurer at New Orleans, or upon any other Government agent at that place holding public funds, and negotiate the same forthwith, if possible. I have therefore to request that the commanding general will give the requisite orders to the chiefs of the departments, in order that the draft may be properly met. I have no hesitation in stating that, if protested, not another dollar or one pound of any article can hereafter be procured here without the money is paid in hand; hence the necessity for immediate action. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. BUCHEL, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 227. Galreston, Tex., December 7, 1861. I. Col. John C. Moore, of Moores regiment, is relieved from the com- mand of the Military District of Galveston, and will join his regiment. II. Col. E. B. Nichols, of Nichols regiment, is assigned to the coin- mand of the Military District of Galveston. By order of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll~bert: SAML. BOVEII DAVIS, Major, and Assistant Adjutant- General. FORT WASUINOTON, Near Saluria, Tex., December 9, 1861. MAJOR: I have the honor to state that on the 7th instant, about 1 p. in., a vessel (sloop-of-war rig) hove in sight. She sailed to the wes Page 156 156 OPERATIONS IN TEX.~ N. MEX., AND ARIZ. ICHAr. XI. of the bar and about 5 miles off. She made several short tacks off the bar and steered back to the east. At about 5 oclock she came to anchor off the East, or I)ecrows, Channel, and 2 miles from shore. On the 8th, at noon, she made sail, and steered westward, running close to the bar. When nearly opposite our position, and 3 miles distant, I caused my four 24-pounder battery to open on her. She was stri~ck two or three times by our shot. She put about after the first round- of the battery and steered seaward. She showed no colors up to this time. She is standing off and on, in sight. I trust the commanding general will give me instructions relative to the present position of our battery, property, & c. I only have sufficient mules here to carry one piece to the rear. We fired sixteen shots. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. D. SHEA, Captain, Commanding at Pass Cavallo, Texas. HEADQUARTERS, CAMP HENRY MUCULLOCH, December 14, 1861. Maj. SAMUEL BOVER DAVIS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dept of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: SIR: I have the honor to report, for the information of the command. ing general of the department, that I have just returned from Captain Sheas camp, at Pass Cavallo. The captain is making every arrange- ment in his power to secure a retreat, if it should become necessary. He is establishing ferries across the principal bayous for this purpose. Upon a second reconnaissance I suggested to the captain the propriety of taking up a position some 2 miles farther up the Pass, as, in my judg- ment, he would have the same, if not a better, command of the channel, as well as being out of the range of guns from the sea. The vessel re- ported was still there up to the time I left. She lies off and on, and moves up and down the coast, never getting entirely out of sight of the entrance to the bay, and it is my impression she is looking out for two vessels that left that port for Mexico some time since with cotton, and are expected to return about this time laden with coffee. While I was at Captain Sheas camp she fired some eight or ten guns, but we were unable to ascertain the object of her firing, but judge she was merely practicing. At the time of firing she was lying off the coast, some 10 or 12 miles above Decrows Point. With a good glass, from the top of the light-house, we could distinctly see the flashes, as well as hear the rej)orts, of the guns. The night I spent at Captain Sheas camp a Mex- ican or Spaniard was shot under very suspicious circumstances. He was taken by a party of mounted volunteer patrols while in the act of lannehing a pilots yawl near one of the pilot stations, a short distance above camp. He was bronght in and turned over to the guards, and in attempting to escape was shot, but was alive up to the time of my departure. I directed Captain Ilupleys company to take position at Saluria, to guard the ferry across time main bayou and to afford any other assist- ance in his power. The other three companies, under Lieutenant-Cob onel Anderson, took position at Indianola. I have ordered a detach- ment of mounted men (1 commissioned, with 2 imon-coinmissioned offi- cers and 15 privates) from Captain Beaumonts company to report to Captain Shea for duty. I did not order a large detachment down, on account of the difficulty of procuring forage and water; amid, as I d Page 157 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 157 not apprehend an immediate attack, I have ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson to return to this place with his command. I also beg leave respectfully to call the attention of the commanding general to the fact that there are two assistant quartermasters on duty with this command, which, in my judgment, is an unnecessary expense. Captain Wolfe, quartermaster, appointed for the Sixth Regimeut of Texas Jnfantry, having received his commission and given his bonds, is competent to perform all the duties required in that department. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, It. R. GARLAND, Colonel, Provisional Army. IIDQRS. SECOND REGT TEXAS MOUNTED RIFLES, MesiUa, December 14, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War, C. S. A.: SIR: 1 have the honor to forward you a statement of the disposition of the Federal drafts captured at the surrender of Fort Fillmore, amounting in all to $9,500, $5,500 of which were on the assistant treas- urer of New York. The other $4,000 were drawn on the assistant treas- urer at Saint Louis, Mo. I sent the drafts by Mr. William McGrorty to New York for collection, which resulted as follows: $4,500 were paid by the assistant treasurer, New York; the other $1,000 draft was not paid, Mr. Cisco, the assistant treasurer, stating that the drawer had no funds in the Treasury to his credit. The $4,000 draft on assistant treasurer Saint Louis were left by Mr. MeGrorty in New York for col- lection. Saint Louis being nuder martial law, Mr. MeGrorty felt it un- safe to go there in person. I have since received no information if the drafts have been collected or not. I have paid out of the above amount the following sums, viz: $500 was claimed by Lieutenai4 Plummer, acting assistant quartermaster, U. S. Army, as private funds, which I refunded him. Four hundred and eleven dollars paid Samuel J. Jones, sutler at Fort Fillmore, for corn delivered the quartermaster, U. S. Army, and not paid for by the United States. The corn was in store at Fort Fillmore when the post was abandoned, and Lieutenant Plum- mer, acting assistant quartermaster, certified to Mr. Jones claim after the capture of the Federal troops at San Augustine Springs. Three hun- dred dollars I have paid Mr. McGrorty for part of his expenses to New York in prosecuting the collection of said drafts. The balance $3,289. I send you herewith the quartermasters receipts for that amount. The drafts on Saint Louis, left in New York for collection, I will duly account for when informed of the payment thereof I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN R. BAYLOR, Colonel, Comdg. Second Regt Texas Mounted Rifles, C. S. Army. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. ARnIY OF NEW MEXICO, No. 10. f Fort Bliss, Tex., December 14, 1861. I. Brig. Gen. II. II. Sibley assumes from this date the command of all the forces of the Confederate States on the Rio Grande at and above Fort Quitman and all in the Territory of New Mexico and Arizona. II. The forces under the orders of Brigadier-General Sibley will here- after be known and designated as the Army of New Mexico Page 158 158 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. ITT. Headquarters of this army are temporarily fixed at Fort Bliss, whither communicati ~ns will be forwarded until further orders. By order of Brig. G~eu. II. II. Sibley: A. M. JACKSON, Acting Adjutant- General, Army of N~w ]Jlexico. OFFICE TEXAS AND NEW ORLEANS IR. B. Co., Houston, Tex., December 16, 1861. General P. 0. Th~BERT, Commanding Department of Texas, Galveston, Tex.: DEAR SIR: I have the honor to report that, on receipt of your tele- gram and order on Maj. J. B. Likens, commanding at Sabine Pass, received on the 8th iiistant, p. in., I at once proceeded to Beaumont with a sufficient force of engineers, machinists,laborers, & c., to accomplish the object. The agents of the company there were loth to give any assistance, as they deemed the town (Sabine Pass) and the railroad J)erfectly safe from any foray of the enemy. Major Likens promptly co-operated with me in removing the rolling stock up to a point of tem- porary safety and within reach of protection. The company have so neglected and abused their engines that they are comparatively useless until in the hands of skillful mechanics for adayor two. The rolling stock in working order, or which I put in rolling order, consists of seven platform cars and three house cars. I also found eighty-four wheels and axles, and all the furnishings to put them up, sufficient for twenty-one cars, which would give capacity in order for the transportation of from 1,004) to 1,500 men. I removed these wheels and axles 21 miles north of Beau- mont. I also towed one engine out of order to a distance of 6 or 7 miles north of Beaumont and the other engine I removed north of Tay- lors Bayou (a draw-bridge), at which point it broke down or failed to operate. On each engine I left a detail of two men, with a sergeant in charge, as a guard, furnished by Major Likens, and to report to him. On my return here yesterday I dispatched my master machinist,with some men, to put one engine in order and fix up a train, so that either the Eastern Texas Railroad Company or the military authorities could have some transportation facilities in case of emergency. I am sorry to report that the employ~s of the road, although they volunteered to assist in the accomplishment of the end desired, evinced a disposition to try and so injure the only engi~me they had in order to move as to de- feat the secuting of the rolling stock, and by carelessness or malignity, partly succeeded; but by this time it is all rectified by my men. Should a more detailed report be desired, I will furnish it cheerfully. I beg to make two suggestions in the matter. First, that a train be put in order on the road, either to be at the order of the commanding officer at Sabine Pass or the railroad company, subject to his protection and control. Second, that a sufficient amount of rails be shipped from Galveston to Liberty (which the company have in Galveston) to enable them to lay their track np to the junction with the Texas and New Or- leans Railroad at Beaumont, which will give you rail connection from GalvestQn and this place to Sabine Pass. It will only require about two hundred tons of rails, and the connection can be made in five or six days after the arrival of iron at Liberty. I remain, yours, with much respect, A. M. GENTRY, President, & c Page 159 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 159 SPECIAL ORDERS, IIDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 267. 4 Galveston, Tex., December 16, 1861. Col. II. E. MeCulloch, First Texas Mounted Rifles, is authorized to receive, for special service on the Rio 0-rande, troops for twelve months, armed and equipped with such arms as can be procured. By order of Brig. Gen. P. 0. ll6bert: SAML. BOYER DAVIS, kfajor, and Assistant Adjutant- General. SPECIAL ORDERS, 4 IIDQRS. DEPART1~1ENT OF TEXAS, No. 283. 4 Galveston, Tex., December 17, 1861. For special and immediate service on the Rio Grande, troops will be received and mustered in for six months. By command of Brig. Gen. P. 0. Hubert: SAML. BOVER DAVIS, ]Ifajor, and Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, 4 IIDQRS. ARMY OF NEW MEXICO, A. 0-. 0., No.12. 4 Fort Bliss, Tex., December 20, 1861. The general command of the forces of the Confederate States, as- sumed by Brig. Gen. H. II. Sibley, in General Orders, No. 10, from these headquarters, and the proclamation of martial law promulgated by him, not -being intended to abrogate or super~ede the powers of Col. John R. Baylor, as civil and military governor of Arizona, he will continue the full exercise of the functions of that office. By order of Brig. Gen. H. II. Sibley: A. M. JACKSON, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Army of New ]Jlexieo. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., December 24, 1861. General P. 0. III~BERT, Commanding Department of Texas, Galv~ton, Tex.: DEAR SIR: Your highly esteemed favor of the 17th instant came to my hands on the 21st. Contents duly noted. I also had the honor of seeing your communication made to the adjutant-general, under date of the 21st nltimo. Owing to an error, it did not receive my attention until after the receipt of your last. I have had, in addition to your letters, the pleasure of a communica- tion from Col. II. B. MeCulloch, of 21st instant, in relation to the same subject-matter, which I answer to-day and direct to Galveston. It is my earnest desire to co-operate with you in the most efficient and speedy mode to concentrate troops under your orders, so that an adequate force may be thrown in the face of the enemy and his assaults beaten back, no matter in what quarter made. As you justly remark, the irregular manner in which individuals have been authorized to raise troops has created the greatest confusion throughout the State. It is beyond the power of the State authorities to control its military force, and just when we so much need a perfec Page 160 160 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. system in moving the State troops we find ourselves almost helpless, unless the masses will come forward and voluntarily enroll themselves at the call of their country. Every exertion should, and I feel fully satisfied will, be made by you to successfully defend the State against every effort of the enemy. Permit me here to suggest to you that I am possessed of unofficial information that the regiments of Colonels Locke and Maxey are yet within the State, in Upshnr County, and preparing to go into winter quarters. These troops are beyond my control. Can you subject them to your orders ~? The winter can be very profitably spent by them on the coast; much more so than on Red River. 1 confess my ignorance on this subject, and only suggest it, that you, with your superior knowledge, may take such action as is deemed appropriate. If, how- ever, the power rests in you, I would urge that they be ordered to the coast. While I am fully aware that it has been the policy of the Government to receive troops only when they enlist for the war, yet this p.olicy has been in some instances varied from so far as to receive men for twelve months. And I now approach you, sir, for the purpose of oh. taming your consent to encroach still further on that policy. If it were not for the peculiar circumstances which surround us, I should not for a moment entertain the idea of placing men in the field on other terms of enlistment than those originally desired by the Government; but, from various causes, it is now very evident that the requisite number of men cannot be obtained to defend the country during the winter, if enlistments for the war are required, or even if men for twelve months are demanded. The legislature, following the recommendations of the executive, has enacted a stringent law on the subject of the military, and, as soon as an organization can be effected, every able-bodied man in the State will be forced to discharge his duty; if unwilling to do so. But, sir, I am compelled to say that this organization cannot be completed before the danger of an invasion has passed for the present winter. In view of all the facts and circumstances before me, I suggest, sir, that you receive into the service of the Confederate States, for time term of six months, a sufficient number of men to successfully defend the State; and, for the accomplishment of this purpose, I would fhrther suggest that you make a requisition on tIme executive for such number of six-months volunteers as will, in your opinion, be amply able to sustain you in your plans and measures. So far as I am concerned I would much prefer that your requisition should call for more than are necessary than not enough. With such a requisition made on me, stating the number of troops wanted, the arm of service to which they will belong, the term of enlistment, and the places of rendezvous, I feel every confidence that the requisition can be speedily filled with volun- teers. I do not wish to be under the necessity of calling out the State troops as State troops, independent of the military of the Confederate States, which must be my excuse for being urgent in my insisting that you re- ceive six-months volunteers for the defense of time State. I am fully convinced that one of the two courses must be pursued, either to receive six-months volunteers into the service for the defense of the State, or else the necessity will devolve on me to call out State troops for that purpose. In the latter case the troops would be in a great measure inefficient for the want of arms, ammunition, and drill, and militia de- feats might be the consequence, in addition to the conflicts and wan Page 161 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 161 of harmony between the State and Confederate service. These, among other reasons, induce me to insist that, for the present, you receive the six-months volunteers, and control them entirely independent of the State, as you do those now under your command. I entertain the hope, sir, that when we succeed in organizing the State troops under the late enacted law, enlistments will go on with alacrity an(l rapidity for the terms the exigencies of the service may demand; for I do not believe that the Texan people xiill so far forget themselves as to wait to be drafted. But, sir, I am firmly convinced that, for the present, you must rely on volunteers for the term of six months. The great importance of this matter induces me to expect an early reply. I have the honor, sir, to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, By order of the governor: WM. M. WALTON, Private Secy. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., December 27, 1861. Hon. JOHN II. REAGAN, Richmond, Va.: DEAR SIR: Your I)osition as one of the Cabinet induces me to request that you will (in addition to what you may be called upon to do under the letter herein inclosed, a copy of which has been sent to each of the delegation from Texas) hand one of the copies of the frontier law to the Secretary of XVar, and use your influence to have actiou on it at the earliest possible day. This law has been framed iu exact accordance with the wishes of the frontier people, as expressed through their representatives, and I feel well convinced that it will be beneficial in its workings, and will give full and ample protection to a much suffering portion of our country. The force now ou the frontier does not give protection, nor is it be- lieved that any other system than that of (laily patrolling a line from Red River to the Rio Grande will accomplish the object. Experience has demonstrated that this will do so. There will be no heavier charge on the Confederacy by placing this particular regiment in the field than by permitting the one there now to remain. The McCulloch regiment caii be drawn away and placed on the coast or sent to do service anywhere necessity demands it. It is particularly desired that action should be taken immediately, so that movements may be made here to correspond with the necessities of the frontier. As fast as companies are organized under this law they should take their place on the patrol line, and a corresponding number of the rangers now on the frontier drawn off into other service. Your energetic action in this matter will be greatly advantageous to the frontier of Texas. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedieut servant, F. R. LUBBOCK. [Inclosure No. 1.] EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Austin, Tex., December 27, 1861. Hon. JOHN H. REAGAN, Richmond,17a.: DEAR SIR: II take pleasure in inclosing to you An act to provide for the protection of the frontier of the State of Texas, passed by the 11 R RVOL I Page 162 162 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARJZ. [CHAP. XI. legislature now in session, and approved by the governor on the 21st of the present month. In calling yonr attention to the act my duty under the law would be discharged, and at the same time Would as fully elicit your energetic co-operation in seeking to have the regiment accepted by the Confed- erate Government as I would be able to do by any argument I may make; but, sir, you must excuse me for urging you to the promptest action in the direction of moving the Government to a favorable con- sideration of the matter. Our frontier demands a peculiar force for its defense, and nothing less than the measures set on foot by this act will secure protection to the people in that region; besides, if this regiment is placed on the frontier, as is desired, one of the regiments now there can be safely withdrawn and ordered into other service; and the set- tlers all through that section, being thus secured against Indian depre- dations, will flock to the coast service, where they are much needed at this time. The simple effect of the reception of this regiment will be to give great confidence to the people and secure protection to the property on the frontier, and at the same time be the means of throwing into the service of the Confederacy many men from that section who are now forced to remain at home because of the daily insecurity in which they live. Your intimate knowledge of that people will fortify you in urging with the utmost zeal the reception of this regiment, knowing that by so doing you will be attempting to advantage and benefit a large and meritorious portion of your felloxv-citizens. Hoping, sir, that you will at shprt date from this time be able to advise this department that this regiment has been received by the Government of the Confederate States, I have, sir, the honor to re- main, with the greatest respect, your very obedient servant, F. li. LUBBOCK. [Inclosure No. 2.] AN ACT to provide for the protection of the frontier of the State of Texas. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature s~f the State qf Texas, That there shall be raised a regiment of rangers for the protection of the imorth- em and western frontier of the State of Texas, to consist of ten conipa- nies, to be raised as hereinafter prescribed, to be oflicered accor(ling to the rules and regulations of the Confederate States Army; and the number of officers and privates, their pay and emoluments, shall be the same as in similar service in the Confederate States Army. SEC. 2. Said men shall furnish themselves with arms, horses, and ac- couterments, and shall be enrolled for a term not less than twelve mouths, unless sooner discharged, and at the expiration of their term of service others shall be enrolled to supply their places. SE~ 3. The requisite number of men for said regiment shall be raised in the frontier counties, to wit: One company shall be raised in the counties of Clay, Montague, Cooke, and Wise; one company shall be raised in time counties of Young, Jack, Palo Pinto, and Parker; omie company from the counties of Stephens, Eastland, Erath, and B osque; one company from the counties of Coryoll, Hamilton, Lampasas, Co- manche, and Brown; one company from the counties of San Saba, Mason, Liano, and Burnet; one company fromn the counties of Gillespie, Hays, and Kerr; one company from the counties of Blauco, Bandera, Medina, and Uvalde; one company from the counties of Frio, Atascosa, Liv Page 163 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 163 Oak, Karnes, and Bee; one company from the counties of El Paso and Presidio; one company may be raised in any section of the State the governor may direct: and provided that the nnorganized counties shall furnish men with the connties to which they are attached for ju- dicial pnrposes, and every county named in this section shall have the privilege to fnrnish its proportion of men in preference to all other ap- plications; and when any company cannot be fnrnished with the requi- site nnmber of men from the counties named in this ~ict, then the de- ficiency may be supplied from the nearest adjoining counties not named in this act. SEC. 4. Said troops shall be stationed in detachments of not less than twenty-five men. When the requisite number of men shall have entered this service, and shall take their stations on the ontside settlements of the frontier, as nearly as practicable in a direct line from a point on Red River to a point on the Rio Grande River, and thence down sai(l river to its mouth, to be selected by the commanding officer; and the com- manding officer shall select the posts at the directions of the governor, in accordance with this act; and such stations shall be, if practicable, about twenty-five miles distant from each other, or so near each other that scouts shall pass over the groun(l between any two stations once every day. And, further, that the companies, or parts of companies, shall be stationed on that part of the frontier in which they have been enrolled, and that the posts on Red River shall be snpI)lied with a(l(li- tional force of not less than twenty-five men; and the company desig- nated in the third section of this act, to be raised in any part of the State, shall be in readiness to report to any part of the line the governor or commanding officer may think necessary. SEc. 5. That the governor is required, immediately after the passage of this act, to commission competent persons, one br every company and district, as set forth in this act, to enroll the number of men for a com- pany, and when at least sixty-four men shall have been enrolle(l, they shall organize by holding elections for company officers, and the captain elected shall retnrn a muster roll, and make such other reports as may be required by the governor to the adjutant-generals department, and shall, as soon as ordered by the governor, repair to the frontier an(l per- form duty on the plan laid down in this act nutil otherwise directed by the governor or superior officers. SEC. 6. The governor shall have power to appoint the field officers, as well as all other disbursing officers, pertaining to said regiment. SEC. 7. The troops raised under and by virtue of this act shall be sub- ject to the Rules and Regulations of the Confederate States Army, but shall always be subject to the authorities of the State of Texas for fron- tier service, and shall not be removed beyond the limits of the State of Texas; and that it shall be the duty of the governor to inclose a copy of this act to the Secretary of War and to each of our Representatives in Congress, urging the acceptance of said regiment in the service of the Contederate States as in lieu of one of the regiments now upon said frontier, and as the niost efl~ctive and economical mode of frontier pro- tection. SEC. 8. That no portion of said troops shall become a charge against the State until organized as require(1 by the fifth section of this act and placed under orders. SEC. 9. That an act to provide for the protection of the frontier of the State of Texas, passed February 7, 1861, be, and tim same is hereby, re- pealed, from and after the 1st day of March next. SEC. 10. The governor shall have power to disband said regimen Page 164 164 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL whenever, in his judgment, the services shall no longer be necessary for frontier protection, should the same not be accepted by the Confed- erate Government, under the provisions of this act. SEC. 11. That this act take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved December 21, 1861. HEADQUARTERS WESTERN MILITARY I)IsTRIcT, San Antonio, Tex., December 31, 1861. Col. II. E. MCCULLOCH, Commanding Western Military District of Texas: Sin: I have the honor herewith to transmit for your information a note from Colonel Steele, of Genera~l Sibleys brigade. You will readily perceive that the commands of yourself and General Sibley somewhat clash, as General Sibley assumes the command of all the troops on the Rio Grande above Fort Quitman, making his headquarters at Fort Bliss, and styling his command the Armny of New Mexico. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. E. BENTON, Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General, Western Military District of Texas. [Inclosure.] SAN ANTONIO, TEX., December 31, 1861. B. E. BENTON, Aide and Acting Adjutant-General: Sin: General Sibleys order, which you have asked a copy of, is packed in my regimental desk, and has gone forward. Its purport is, assuming command of all the troops on the Rio Grande above Fort Quitman, and designating his command as the Army of New Mexico. Your obedient servant, WM. STEELE, Colonel Seventh Texas Mounted Militia. HDQRS. THIRD REG-T TEXAS INFANTRY, Pnov. ARMY, Port Brown, Tex., December 31, 1861. Lieut. WM. 0. YAGER, A. A. A. G. West. Mil. Dist. of Texas, San Antonio, Tex.: Sin: Since my last I have had more time to investigate the state of affairs on this frontier and to examine into the condition of the coni- mand assigned me for its defense and I regret to inform you that they are deplorable enough. The difficulties now existing in the neighbor- ing Mexican State of Tanianlipas have so wholly changed the commer- cial condition of affairs from what they were but a few months since, as to deprive us of many facilities upon which we could then, with a reasonable certainty, calculate and depend. The civil war extends over almost the entire State, and renders intercourse and transportation pre- carious and unsafe; so much so, that it is with extreme difficulty that the usual public carriers can be prevailed upon to incur the risk of bringing even the necessary supplies for subsistence, and when they do so, it is at large rates and in but small quantities. The presence o Page 165 CHAP. XL] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 165 large hostile forces in such immediate proximity to this post increases our embarr9ssment in this respect tenfold, as they seize, confiscate, and consume nearly everything. The quartermaster and crmmissary of subsistence has used every exertion to procure forage and sabsistence; but to obtain more than enough for a few days at a time has been impossible. There is no cer- tainty at any time that a sufficient supply will be on hand for the ensu- ing issue. To-day we have not a single barrel of flour on hand and not more than a few days forage, nor can J now see any probability of ob- taming more. I have therefore directed him to make a requisition on San Antonio for such stores. These difficulties further embarrass us by paralyzing the efforts of such friendly merchants as are disposed to aid and assist us, much of their means and nearly the whole of their usual facilities being for the time completely deranged. The want of money has, too, been most discouraging and nearly fatal to our interest, the credit of the Government being wholly gone; and, although now supplied with Confederate notes for the quartermaster and commissary departments, they are almost wholly useless, as but few arc willing to take them, and those who do invariably charge from 25 to 80 per cent. higher prices for what we purchase than would be the case had we gold and silver; besides, no other currency is at all available in Mexico, from whence we must procure the principal articles needed. Many things needed by us might possibly be procured were we supplied with specie, but those who possess them will not incur the risks attendant upon their delivery when they know we have only paper to give in exchange. These facts, I find from the correspondence of Lieutenant-Colonel Ru- chel, have been so forcibly urged upon the attention of the commanding general, that it would seem to be almost useless to reiterate them; but 1 feel so deeply impressed with the certainty that, should an enemy land, these circmnstances will so militate against us as to almost compel a withdrawal to the interior. The hope of a final adjustment of the difficulties in and about Mata- moias seems now as distant as ever. For several days they have had but little or no firing, but to-day, I understand, Carvajal has received re-enforcements and a new supply of ammunition. We shall therefore for the next few days be annoyed by their fusillade, which will, as here- tofore, rc sult only in noise and smoke. The desertions from the command have been repeatedly reported by Lieutenant-Colonel Bu~hel, and since my arrival several have occurred. The condition of the troops is such, that I must candidly confess I am not greatly surprised at their yielding to the inducements offered by the parties on the other side of the river. The most of them are but scantily clothed, and have received no pay; they know the state of the Governments credit quite as well as I do myself, and also the difficul- ties attendant upon procuring supplies. They are fully aware of the inadequacy of the force now here to resist a force such as the enemy are likely to land with, of the unpopularity of the ho Grande service, and of the difficulty heretofore experienced in raising additional troops. You cannot therefore, considering all these circumstances, avoid the conclusion at which I have arrived, that cause enough exists to dis. courage and dishearten them. Permit me again to urge upon you the absolute necessity of sending forward as rapidly as possible additional infantry companies. We now have here three infantry and three artillery companies, but one of which (Captain Kamnpmanns) is filled to the minimum established by law, and I see no probability of their being filled up unless recruits can be sent down from the interior Page 166 166 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. Xl. It is also imperatively necessary that funds to pay off the troops should be furnished the quartermaster at as early a day as practicable. Until this is done, I fear it will be impossible to maintain a desirable degree of discipline and subordination, and to imbue thera with au esprit de corps, so very essential to a successful and satisfactory per- fhrmance of our duty. The report of a board of officers now investigating the condition and amount of ordnance stores on hand at this post will be forwarded as soon as prepared; I hope by the next express. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. N. LUCKETT, Colonel, Commanding. Abstract from the several returns of troops stationed in Texas at the places and dates indi- cated.4 Present ~ a for duty. ~ ~ Artillery. ~ ~ C-C Commandingotficer. ,~ a~ a~ a bL~ C-C6 ~ ~u ~ ,~ ~ u ~ C-C C-LC- a ~ C. Q C-C C-v6 a .5 a a -~ ~a Co!. Jno. C. Moore, commanding Military District of Galveston, October, 1861 110 2, 274 3, 0491 3, 189 Ccl E. B. Nichols, commanding First Brigade, Military District of Galvcstoa, December, 1861.. 129 1, 948 2, 729 3, 002 8 6 798 15 Col. E. B. Nichols, commanding First Brigade, I Military District of Galveston, January, 1862 - 116 2, 111 3, O7lj 1, 416 11 10 946 27 Lieiit. Ccl. A. iThchcl, commanding on the Lower Rio Grande, November, 1861 16 497 585~ 645 90 . Col. P. I~. Luekett, commanding on the Lower Rio Grande, December, 1861 46 602 711 805 248 2 Ccl P. N. Luckett. commanding on the Lower Rio Grande, January, 1862. 50 7091 878j 967~ 181 No complete returns on file for 186L HEADQUARTERS THIRD liEGIMENT TEXAS INFANTRY, Fort Brown, Tex., January 1, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to inclose the written opinions of Lieutenant- Colonel Buchel, Major Gray, and all the captains composing the im- mediate command at this post, in reference to our ability to hold Fort Brown with the present command and its resources. These opinions have been taken separately, and without any previous or subsequent conference among officers. No one knows my own convictions, inten- tions, or final resolves in the premises up to the present time. I shall not attempt to hold the fort unless you give me positive orders to that effect. I will immediately make my arrangements for the removal of everything not necessary for the defense of this immediate Section, and without any regard whatever to the holding of Fort Brown. I desire time commanding colonel to send me positive instructions on this sul)ject, as I anxiously await his determination in this matter. ln the mean time, should the enemy present himself in force, I will send them to the liinggold Barracks, the point I design sending them, unless instructed by you not to do so. Press of business prevents my having retained copies of these opinions. Please have them copied and forwarded to inc. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. N. LUCKETT, Colonel, Commanding Page 167 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 167 [Inelosure.] Brief of opinions as to tenableness of Fort Brown, near Brownsville, Tex. Capt. II. Wilke, Provisional Army, Confederate States, describes the fort as a field work of six bastion fronts, its line of defense 950 yards, requiring a garrison of 2,000 men. It is in a very dilapidated condition. Present armament is five iron siege 24-pounders; two iron ship 18- pounders; six brass 12-pounders; two iron 6-pounders (not mounted); four iron S-inch siege howitzers; one 24-pounder brass howitzer; one 10- inch iron siege mortar, and is not deemed sufficient for defense. Esti- mated work to be done, to put the place in a state of defense 500 labor. ers for three months. Capt. F. J. Parker, Third Infantry, C. S. Army, gives it as his opinion that the fort is untenable, on account of location. Col. P. N. Lnckett does not agree with Captain Wilke as to the amount of labor required, but does not consider its defense advisable. Captains ii\Iarmion, Kampmann, and Buquor do not consider the fort tenable. Captain Creuzbar considers the fort tenable for fifteen or twenty days against five times the garrison, provided 5 days labor of said garrison is bestowed upon it. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NEW MEXICo, A. G. 0., Fort Bliss, Tex., January 3, 1862. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General C. S. A.: GENERAL: I have the honor to report that in view of the importance of establishing satisfactory relations with the adjacent Mexican States of Chihuahua and Sonora, I have ordered Col. James Reily, Fourth Regiment Texas Mounted Volunteers, to proceed to the capitals of those States, for the purpose of delivering to their respective governors the commnnications which 1 have addressed to them, and of conferring with those officials in person upon the subjects of those communications. On the 21st day of December I forwarded to you copies of the prin- cipal communication above alluded to. I have now the honor of inclos- ing copies of my letters aecrediting Colonel Reily to those functionaries, and also of my instructions to him in regard to the duties assigned him in this mission. Colonel iReily left these headquarters for the city of Chihuahna on yesterday, the 2d instant. The result of this mission, when known, will be promptly communicated to you. I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. H. SIBLEY, Brigadier- General, P. A. C. S., Commanding. [Inclosure No. 1.1 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NEW MEXICO, A. G. 0., Port Bliss, Tex., December 31, 1861. Col. JAMES IREILY, Fourth Regiment T. 31. V.: COLONEL: The general commanding directs inc to communicate to you the objects he has in view and which he purposes to effect through the mission for which you have been selected. Your first duty will be to proceed to the city of Chihuahua and delive Page 168 168 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. in person to the governor of that State the communication addressed to him by the general, of the contents of which you have already been apprised. In that communication it has of course only been practi- cable to explain to the governor the general outline of the policy and general nature of the objects which are at present in contemplation. To unfold that policy and to explain those objects in detail, to further their accomplishment, to counteract any adverse influence, and to ob- viate any possible objections are the chief and primary duties devolved upon you. The mode and manner of discharging this duty is of course left to your own judgment and discretion. You will also call to the attentio of the governor the exaction of duties by the custom-house officer at El Paso from citizens of this place, removing their goods, & c., there for temporary security a few weeks since, and ask that such duties be remitted to the parties who paid them. You will be accompanied by the volunteer aide-dc-camp of the general, Capt. G-. Dwyer, of whose zeal, intelligence, and accomplishments you can avail yourself in your intercourse with the officials with whom you will be brought in contact. This assistance you will find valuable in many respects, and his association, the general hopes, will prove an agreeable one to each. Should a safe opportunity offer, you will report as early as possible the nature of the reception given you and the prospects of a favorable adjustment of the matters intrusted to your charge. Should you, after discharging your mission at Chihuahua, arrive at the conclusion, from such information as you can there obtain, that it is expedient and promotive of the public interest for you to proceed to Sonora, you will do so. Otherwise you will arrange for the transinis- siOn to the governor of that State of the official communication of the general. Upon the completion of your mission you will report in person to the general commanding. I am, colonel, your obedient servant, A. ~. JACKSON, A. A. U., Army of New Mexico. [Inclosure No. 2.1 HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NEW MExico, A. U. 0., Fort Bliss, Tex., December 27, 1861. To His Excellency GOVERNOR OF THE STATE o~ CHIHUAHUA: SIR: I have the honor hereby to accredit to your excellency Col. James iReily, of the Army of the Confederate States, who is charged with the duty of delivering to your excellency a communication of importance, and of further explaining the views entertained and objects contem- plated by me. Colonel iReily is the next officer to myself in rank and command present on this frontier with the forces of the Confederate States, and your excellency will recognize in his selection for this duty the desire I have of manifesting to you my high respect and appreciation. I commend to your consideration the representations which he shall make to you, and bespeak for him your highest confidence and esteem, as well in his private as in his official capacity. With great respect and the highest consideration, I am, your excel- leuicys most obedient servant, II. II. SIBLEY, Brig. Gen., P. A. C. S., Gomdg. Army of New Mexico Page 169 CHAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 169 SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, No. 8. Galveston, January 3, 1862. I. Houston, Harrisburg, and ~ Bayou shall constitute one com- mand, and be styled the Military District of Houstoll. II. Col. John C. Moore, Second Regiment Texas Volunteers, is as- signed to the command of the Military District of Houston. By order of P. 0. Hubert: SAML. BOYER DAYJS, Major, and Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, houston, January 18, 1862. Maj. S. MACUN, Acting Chief Commissary of Subsistence, San Antonio, Tex.: SIR: Col. P. N. Luckett, commanding at Fort Brown, informs that the difficulties now existing in the neighboring State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, have so wholly changed the condition of affairs from what they were a short time since as to deprive the command of the many facili- ties upon which they could with a reasonable certainty calculate. The civil war existing in the Mexican States renders intercourse and trans- portation precarious and unsafe. So much so, that the public carriers are prevailed upon with extreme difficulty to undertake the risk of bringing the necessary sul)plies for subsistence, and when they do, it is at a high price, and the supplies but small in quantity, and are fre- quently confiscated by the opposing forces in Mexico. In consequence of this state of affitirs the quartermaster and com- missary of subsistence at Fort Brown has been unable to procure the necessary supplies for the troops. At the time Colonel Lnckett wrote there was no flour on hand and no prospect of being supplied from day to day. He therefore directed that requisitions be made on San Antonio for the supply of his command. Colonel Luckett further informs that the credit of the Government has suffered, and that Confederate notes are almost wholly useless, but few being willing to take them, and when they do, requiring an advance ll~Oll their usual prices of 25 and 30 per cent.; and, under the circumstances, it becomes necessary to supply the command at Fort Brown and other points on the Lower Rio Grande from the general depot at San Antonio; and the general commanding orders that this be done accordingly. By order of Brig. Gen. P. 0. H6bert: SAML. BOVEL DAVIS, ]lliajor, and Assistant Adjittant- General. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NEW MEXICO, A. (1. 0., Port Thorn, Ariz., January 27, 1862. General S. COOPEn, Adjutant and inspector General C. S. A.: GENERAL: I have the honor to inform you that I am in receipt of a report from Col. James Reily of his mission to the governor of Chihuahua, of which you have been heretofore advised. For your information I inclose the original documents, consisting of the repor Page 170 170 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XL of Colonel Reily and the communications to him and to myself of the governor of that State, touching the various matters brought by me to the attention of that official by communications of which copies were duly forwarded to you. The governors communications will, I think, be considered important and highly satisfactory. By orders of this date, Colonel Ileily is directed {o proceed to the State of Sonora on a similar mission, which I hope will prove equally successful. I hav~ the honor to be, general, yonr obedient servant, H. II. SIBLEY, Brigadier- General, Commanding. P. S.With a view to the protection of the important and growing interest, chiefly mineral, in Western Arizona, and for the further pur- pose of opening communications with Southern California, whose people are favorably inclined to our Government, I have ordered one com- pany (Captain Hunters) of Colonel Baylors command to take post at Tucson. [Inclosure No. 1.] Th CAMP NEAR CARISAL, CrnIJuAHuA, January 20, 1862. General H. H. SIBLEY, C. S. A., Commanding Army of New Mexico, Fort Thorn: GENERAL: Herewith I have the honor to place in your hands, with this brief report of my mission to Chihuahua, the accompanying docu- ments: No. 1. Note to Governor Don Lnis Terrazas, dated Jannary 8, 1862, advising him of my arrival at Chihuahua, describing my ofacial posi- tion, and asking an interview.* No. 2. Answer of His Excellency Don Luis Terrazas, dated January 11, 1862. No. 3 and 4. Instructions to the authorities of El Paso to remit cer- tain duties, dated January 10, 1862.t No. 5. Communication from the governor to General H. H. Sibley, of the Army of the Confederate States of America, dated January 11, 1862. No. 6. Letter of credence from governor of the State of Chihuahua to Col. James ileily, C. S. A., to General H. II. Sibley, dated January 11, 1862.t I have also a letter of introduction and recommendation from Gov- ernor Terrazas, of Chihuahua, to Governor Ignacio Pesquecras, of Sonora. The report in detail which accompanies this, containing extracts of conversation with the governor upon the points you presented, in addi- tion to the communication No. 5 from the goverforq renders my mission, I trust, satisfactory. I have the pleasure to inform you that my reception by the governor and officials of state was of the most kind and agreeable nature, and not only by the State officials, both civil and military, but by many lead- ing citizens. The best feeling exists in Chihuahua. My sudden (lel)art- nrc prevented me, as your envoy, from receiving a public testimonial * See quotation in Reilys second letter, p. 173. I Not found Page 171 CHAP. XII CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFRDERATE. 171 of the kind feelings of the Chihuahuans which they were about to tender me. Permit me to congratulate you, general, in having obtained the first official recognition of the Government of the Confederate States by any foreign power. Under your instructions I went to Chihuahua as an officer in the Army of the Confederate States of America, as such and wearing the uniform of a colonel of cavalry of that army I presented myself to the governor of Chihuahua, as snch I was accredited by you, as such I signed my name, as such was recognized, received, entertained, addressed, and recredited to you by the governor. I made it a point never to pay a visit of etiquette or ceremony but as an officer of the A. C. S. A., and ordered there by you as general in the Army of Confederate States of America. May all due honor and credit attach to you for this point gained for our country. General, I have the honor to be, with sentiments of highest respect, truly, yours, JAMES IREILY, Colonel First Begt, Sibley Brig., Army of New Mexico. [Inclosure No. 2.Translation. I JANUARY 11, 1862. It is with the greQtest pleasure, general, I reply to your second com- munication, of the 27th December,* which was handed to me by your second in command, Col. Santiago Ecily, recommending him to me in his official character as your special envoy as well as personally. I sincerely approve your choice, for Colonel Reily is certainly a pru- dent man and a most accomplished gentleman, whose manner and ap- pearance alone would secure for him a most distinguished position. He has discharged with fidelity and intelligence the mission that you confided to him for my Government, making such explanations as were necessary on various inatter~ w hich he was authorized to arrange, and of which I spoke to you in m~ note of that date. I understand he is fallx conx muced of the loyalty of my sentiments towards the respectable general in-chief of the Army of the Confed- crate States, to all its citizens, and of the same Mr. Jiieily, who, until now, has never asked aux stix icm~ from me. He will always find inc disposed to lend him anx assistance in my power. I give you most sincere thanks for the honor ~ ou have conferred upon me by the acquaintance of Colonel Reily, who leaves in this city the warmest sympathies, and I renew to you the assurances of my appreciation and my highest consideration. God, liberty, and reform. Chihuahua, January 11, 1862. LOUIS TERRAZAS. Brig. Gen. II. II. SIBLEY, General-in-Chief of the Army of the C. S. A., Fort Bliss. [Inclosure No. 5.Translation.] JANUARY 11, 1862. I have the honor of replying to your letter of the 15th December, directed from Fort Bliss, Tex., and handed me by Col. Santiago Iteily. See p. 165 Page 172 172 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [ChAP. XT. Before noticing the principal points, allow me to perform the pleasant duty of reciprocating your cordial expressions of friendship and good- will, and your desire to establish friendly relations between the Mexican States and those of the Southern Confederacy contiguous, and which you serve as general-in-chief of the army. Let me assure you that you will meet on my part, as governor of the State of Chihuahua, the most sincere and earnest disposition to cultivate these relations as far as lies in my power, as I am convinced that it is one of the most important duties that my position and the reciprocal interests of our respective countries impose upon me, and I do not fail to credit you with similar sentiments, of which I have succeeded in convincing Colonel Reily, and with which I am pleased to think he is perfectly satisfied. As to the questions indicated in your communication already cited, I have the satisfaction of informing you relative to the one whether the Supreme Government of Mexico has within the past few months con- ceded to the United States the right of transit subject to the first order, and secondly to put in motion the troops and munitions of war against the Confederate States, whose forces you command, on the border of Texas, that nothing of this kind has come to my notice, nor would my Government respect it, except on the terms and with the conditions established in the general constitution of the United States of Mexico to whom the Congress of the Union exclusively grants the privilege of permitting or denying the entrance of foreign troops in the territory of the Confederation and of consenting to the stationing of squadrons of other powers for more than one month in the waters of the republic. (Portion 16 of Article 72.) By that constitutional principle, which it is not lawful to violate in any way nor for any consideration whatever, I find myself prevented from acceding to your proposition relative to the persecution of the savage Indians by your forces and mine. Yet when it may be necessary to draw the lines of demarcation between the States of Texas and Clii huahua b the alternate introduction to the of one and the y territory other, while the Indians make their depredations and retreats, if I mu convinced of the advantage that such immunity will bring, I will take the steps necessary to act upon it before the Congress of the Union. The third and last point referred to in your note has, in my opinion, the solution that you desire, by the means established of agents and contractors, who may make on the frontier l)urchases and storing of provisions which shall be necessary for your army, and that it may offer facilities to the population from which it draws of a commercial nature without any official intervention whatever, that may be interpreted as an act contrary to the absolute neutrality which Mexico and all the States of its Confederation must observe in the unfortun ate struggle between the States of the North and South of the American Union. This is all I can lay before you, general, relative to your commuu~ca- tion of the 16th December, and in the secure confidence that you will accept it as the most frank expression of the reasons and sentiments that must regulate my conduct as governor of the State of Chihua4ma, and as your sincere friend and that of the Confederate States, I conclude by offering you renewed assurances of my highest and most cordial esteem and respect. God, liberty, and reform. Chihuahua, January 11, 1862. LOUIS TERIRAZAS. Brig. Gen. II. II. SIBLEY, General-in.Chief of the Army of the C. S. A., Fort Bliss Page 173 CUAP. XI.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.CONFEDERATE. 173 IN CAMP NEAR CARISAL, CHIHUAHuA, General H. II. SIBLEY, C. S. A., January 20, 1862. Commanding Ar;ny of New Mexico. Port Thorn: GENERAL: I have the honor to report that I left Fort Bliss at 11 a. m. on the 8th of January, aiid,in ac~orda.nce with your orders of 31st ultimo, proceeded to tbe city of Chihuahua, Mexico, ar~riving there at 2 p. m. on the 8th instant. At 3 p. m. I dispatched the note referred to as No. 1 in brief report of this same date, and a copy of which note is now made: RIDDELLs HOTEL, Chihuahua, January 8, 1862. To His Excellency DON Luis TERRAZAS, Governor of the State of Chihnahua, Republic of Mexico: Sin: The undersigned has the honor to inform your excellency that he bears to you a communication from General H. II. Sibley, C. S. A., and commanding the Army of New Mexico, touching matters of importance to the Governments of the Confederate States of America and to the Republic of Mexico, and especially to that military department he now commands, and to this State. The undersigned trusts it will suit your excellency to designate an hour when he can have tbe honor to present to you in person his letter of credence from General Sibley and the communication with which be is intrusted. I have the honor to be, with sentiments of highest consideration and resl)ect, most truly, yours, JAMES REILY, Colonel, A. C. S. A. Early the next morning I received from the governor a reply (being document No. 2), in which his excellency designated 12 m. of that day for an interview at the governors palace. A few moments before the hour of 12 m. I was called upon by Don Carlos Moyo, brother-in-law to the governor, who accompanied me to the palace, and by whom I was introduced to the governor. After a brief speech, interpreted by Don Carlos Moyo, and as brief a one from the governor, also translated to me, I l)reSented to the governor yonr letter of credence. I was then formally introduced to the secretary of state and other high officials. My reception by the governor and all others present was most gra- cious and cordial. I beg leave here to state that I had myself announced to the governor as colonel of the Confederate States Army, and was dressed as such, being in the uniform of a cavalry officer C. S. Army, an(l wearing my sword. His excellency remarked that, as the communication was in English, a language he neither spoke nor read, he must request to have it trans- lated, so that he might be able to give it dne and intelligible considera- tion. I then informed him, if he pleased, I would call at 12 m. the next day. At the request of the governor I resumed my seat, when many in- quiries were made about the war between the South and North, about yourself, and the number and character of your troops; to all of which I trust I gave satisfactory answers. Upon taking leave of the governor, I was escorted back to the hotel by Don Carlos Moyo. He remained with me some time, and I found him quite a friend of the South. To him I am indebted for much civility and many kindnesses. The next (lay, at 12, Don Carlos again called for me, and, arriving at the palace, found no one with the governor but the secretary of state and one of the judges of the supreme court. In a short time we were joined by Don Joaquin Durand, whose acquaintance I had I)reviously lnade, and, although a Mexican, yet writing and speaking the English language with great fluency, having been educated in England. He came there at my request, and I was glad to avail myself of his intell Page 174 174 OPERATIONS IN ~1EX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. [CHAP. XI. gence. We almost immediately took up your communication, and you have, general, in the letter No. 5, arid of date 11th instant, the result of that interview. In addition to the concessions there made by the governor, be informed me that if even the assent of the President had come to him, sanc- tioned by the act of Congress, he did not think be would permit Federal troops to pass through the territory of Chihuahua to invade Texas. In regard to the second point, that he would not give his official sanc- tion to the occupancy of the territory of his State by foreign troops, but hoped the Apaches on the frontier would be kept quiet. This was after I referred him to the law of nations in regard to the rights of hot pilr- suit, instanced the invasion of Shreveport, La., in November, 1838, by Texas troops, when in hot pursuit~~ ot the Caddoes ,and stated to him that such invasion was not deemed or treated as a wrongful one by the Government of the United States. The right to pursue Indians, even into the city of Chihuahua itself, had been granted by Don Revella, when governor, to Judge Simeon II art. Upon that point, if ever rendered necessary, your troops will have no trouble. [3 udge 1-lart made this application in 1858 to Governor iRevella, under the instructions of Gen- eral Garland, then commanding in New Mexico.] As to the right to purchase supplies in Chihuahua, embraced in third poimit, the governor assured inc no steps would be taken to prevent it, and, although the presence of your command would increase the l)rice which the people of Chihuahua would have to pay, yet that, independent of this, we should not be excluded. I spent an evening by invitation with the govemnor at his I)rivate residence, and where I met many persons, and dined with him at his brother-in-laws (Moyo) next day. The governor al)l)eared anxious to have the best relations established and continued between his State and the Confederate States, and I took leave of him, satisfied in my own mind that he would not break or cause to be broken the relations that now exist. I found Chihuahua in a delicious cli~nate,in the midst of mines of un- told wealth, with rich agricultural and grazing lands near by, and yet the city becoming smaller in I)opulatiomi and more amid niore reduced to poverty every year. These mines and their soil need the inducement of capitul, energy, and enterprise, which cami only be induced thither by a stable and enlightened and constitutional government. I have the pleasure to report that the custom-house dues I was by you instructed to have remitted were ordered by the governor to l)C remitted, and the governor paid me the compliment to put in may hand the order to the collector at El Paso to have the duties remitted and the bondsman released. He stated that at all times whenever necessary he would be I)leased to afford protection to the persons and property of the citizens of the kouthern confederacy. It becomes my agreeable duty to report that I took letters from no one else iii Texas to Chihuahua but from Hon. Simneon Hart, and that through his introduction and his influence I received the most marked and attentive consideration. He is well known, and commands high re- spect and great credit in Chihuahua. Permit me here agaimi to congratulate you on having been instrumental in obtaining the first official recognition by a foreign government of the Confederate States of America. All the credit due such an achievement I trust will be awarded you. I remain now, a~ ever, most truly, with great respect, your fri end, JAMES PYEILY~ Colonel First Regiment, Sibleys Brigade, Anny of New Mcxwo Page 175 CHAPTER XII. OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AIND TEN~NESSEE. July 1November 19, 1861. SU1~1ZM1ARY QIF TIlE PiRINCIPAL EV7ENTS.* July 1, 1861.Orders issued for raising U. S. troops in Kentucky and Tennessee. 13, 1861.Maj. Geu. Leonidas Polk, C. S. Army, assumes command of Depart- ment No. 2. 26, 1861.Brig. Gen. F. K. Zollicoffer, C. S. Ar my, assi0ned to command in East Tennessee. 31, 1861.The Army of tbe State of Tennessee transferred to the Confederacy.t Aug. 15, k61.The States of Kentucky and Tennessee constituted the Department of the Cumberland, under command of Brig. Gen. Robert Anderson, U. S. Army. 22, 1861.Capture of steamers W. B. Terry and Samuel Orr, at Paducah, Ky. Sept. 2, 1861.Major-General Polks command extended over Arkansas and Missouri. 312, 1861.Advance of Confederate forces into Kentucky; occupation of Co- lumbus, & c. 6, 1861.Paducak, Ky., occupied by Union forces. Brig. Gen. Charles F. Smith, U. S. Ar my, assigned to command in Western Kentucky. 10, 1861.Brig: Geii. George H. Thomas, U. S. Army, assigned to command at Camp Dick Robinson, Eastern Kentucky. 15, 1861.General Albert S. Johnston, C. S. Army, supersedes Major-General Polk in command of Department No. 2. 18, 1861.Bowling Green, Ky., occupied by Confederate forces. Brig. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Central Division of Kentucky. 19, 1861.Action at Barboursville, Ky. Department of the Ohio reorganized. 21, 1861. General Johnston calls upon Tennessee for 30,000 men. Brig. Gen. 0. M. Mitchel, U. S. Army, assumes command of the De- partment of the Ohio. Major-General Polk assigned to command of First (or Western) Division, Department No. 2. 2122, 1861.Reconnaissance toward Columbus and skirmish on Mayfleld Creek, Kentucky. 22, 1861.Arkansas and Mississippi called.upon for 10,000 men each, for service in Department No. 2. Of some of the skirmishes and other minor conflicts noted in this Summary no circumstantial reports are on file, the only official record of such events being refer- ences thereto on muster rolls and returns. On the 6th of May, 1861, the legislature of Tennessee passed an act of secession, subject to a vote of the people on June 8 following; and on the 7th of May, 1861, it ratified a military league, offensive and defensive, between the State and the Confed- erate States. (See Vol. I, Series IV.) 17 Page 176 176 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. Sept. 23, 1861.Affair at Albany, Ky. 26, 1861.Destruction of lock at the mouth of Muddy River, Kentucky. 2330, 1861.Expedition from Cumberland Ford, including skirmish in Laurel County, & c., Kentucky. 59, 1861.Affairs at Albany, Ky., and Travisyille, Teun. Skirmish at Hopkinsville, Ky. Oct. 8, 1861.Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army, supersedes Brigadier-Gen- eral Anderson in command of the Department of the Cumberland. 10, 1861.Brig. Gen. 0. M. Mitchel, U. S. Ar my, ordered to organize an expe- dition into East Tennessee. 12, 1861.Skirmish near Uptons Hill, Ky. 18, 1861.Skirmish near Rockeastle Hills, Ky. 21, 1861.Action at Rockeastle Hills, or Camp Wildcat, Ky. 23, 1851.Skirmish near Hodgensville, Ky. Skirmish at West Liberty, Ky. 24, 1861.Attack on Camp Joe Underwood, Ky. 26, 1861.Expedition to Eddyville and skirmish at Saratoga, Ky. 28, 1831.Skirmish at Laurel Bridge, Laurel Connty, Kentucky. General Johnston assumes immediate command of the Army Corps of Central Kentucky. 29, 1861.Skirmishes at and near Woodhury, Ky. 31, 1861.Skirmish near Morgantown, Ky. Nov. 1, 1861.Brig. Gen. Hnmphrey Marshall, C. S. Army, ordered to Eastern Kentucky. 7, 1861.Demonstration from Padncah upon Columbus, Ky.* 8 9, 1861.Engagement at Ivy Mountain and skirmish at Piketon, Ky. 818, 1861.Revolt of Unionists in East Tennessee. 9, 1861.Department of the Ohio reorganized so as to embrace Kentucky and Tennessee. 11, 1861.Maj. Gen. George B. Crittenden, C. S. Army, assigned to command of the District of Cumberland Gap. 15, 1861.Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, U. S. Army, assumes command of the Department of the Ohio. 19, 1861.General Johnston calls upon Tennessee for all the militia and volun- teer force that can be armed. AUGUST 22, 1861.Capture of the steamers W. B. Terry and Samuel Orr, at Paducali, Ky. REPORTS. No. 1.Maj. Gen. J. C. Fr6mont, U. S. Army, commanding Western Department. No. 2.Col. Richard J. Oglesby, Eighth Illinois Infantry, commanding at Cairo, Ill. No. 3.Commander R. N. Stembel, U. S. Navy. No. 1. Report of ]Jiliaj. Gen. J. C. Fr6~nont, U. S. Army, commanding Western Department. HEADQUARTERS WESTERN DEPARTMENT, Saint Louis, August 25, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith communications to my headquarters from Col. R. J. Oglesby, Eighth Regiment illinois Volun- See p. 299, Vol. III, of this series Page 177 Cwu~. XII.] CAPTURE OF STEAMERS TERRY AND ORR. 177 teers, commanding at Cairo, Ill., reporting the circumstances of the capture of the steamer W. B. Terry, on the Ohio IRiver, at Paducali, by the U. S. gunboat Lexington, and a statement by the officers of the mail steamboat Samuel Orr, running between Evansville and Paducah, in refereuce to her capture in reprisal for the above by a Paducali mob. Events have thus transpired clearly indicating the complicity of citi- zens of Kentucky with the rebel forces, an(l showing the jmpracticability of carrying on operations in that direction without involving the Ken- tucky shore. Colonel Oglesby has telegraphed to me this morning that he is to re- ceive to-morrow a deputation from the governor of Kentucky, and he has furnished them a safeguard. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. F1~MONT, ]liliajor- General, Commanding. Brig. Gen. L. THoMAs, A~jatant- General of the Army, Washington, D. C. No. 2. Report of Col. Richard J. Oglesby, Eighth Illinois Infantry, commanding at Cairo, Ill. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, CAMP DEFIAKCE, Cairo, Ill., August 23, 1861. SIR: In the affair of the little steamer W. B. Terry, taken by Captain Steinbel, of gunboat Lexington, yesterday morning, at Paducah, Ky., I had indisputable proof, which an examination of her papers found on board confirms, that she was running in the employment of the Confed- erate States. Without hesitating upon the neutrality of Kentucky, I ordered her capture. She turns out to be of no great value, say, vessel and furniture, 3,000. To the Confederates three times that sum will not compensate the loss. I have had her valued by a commission of my own appointment, and the papers filed at these headquarters. I am at a loss what further to do with her legally. Of course I shall use herr if necessary to do so. Of course Paducak was in confusion, and his excellency the governor may become indignant. The result is, that yesterday the crew of the Terry, led by the captain and a few citizens, seized the steamer Samuel Orr, from Evansville, the private property of l)rivate citizens of Indiamma a retaliation more vindictive than sensible, as they thus destroy time last means of illicit trade with the border States north of the Ohio. Nevertheless, they have the boat and cargo, worth, say, $25,090. I would like to go up the Tennessee River and make the reprisal. I send herewith a copy of the statement of the captain and officers of the Sam uel Orr, and also transmit copy of report ~o. 3] of Capt. It. N. Stem- bel, commanding gunboat Lexington. Hoping my action may meet your approval, I am, most respectfully, yours, It. J. OGLESBY, Colonel, ~i1omrnanding iPorces at Cairo. Maj. Gen. JOHN C. FR~MONT, Comdg. Dept of the West, Saint Louis; 9110. 12 II UVOL I Page 178 178 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAr. XII. [Inclosure.] CAlno, ILL., August 23, 1861. The steamboat Samuel Orr, running as the regular mail-boat from Evansville to Paducali, was, on the 22d of August, 1861, forcibly taken by a mob at Paducah, Ky., from the crew in command, and taken up the Tennessee River. The boat was new, and worth $15,000. It had on board a miscellaneous cargo, worth about $10,000. The principal owners are citizens of Evansville, and the actors in the seizure were Captain Johnson, late commander of the steamboat W. B. Terry, White Fowler, A. M. Winston, and about 40 or 50 other persons, we believe all citizens of Paducah. Several shots were fired by the assailants, wounding two persons. We were all of us hurriedly driven from the boat, without allowing ns (except in one or two instances) the privilege of bringing away our clothing or baggage. It is but justice to say that some of the leading citizens of the town were loud in their condemnations of this act, but 110 measures were taken, as far as we know, to prevent it. Respectfully, W. II. MCCLURG, Captain. THOMAS DE SOUCHET, Clerk. W. II. LONGNECKER, Clerk. F. F. lIh~ SOUCHET, Clerk. A. J. DUNCAN, E sq. ROBERT REDDEN, Esq. No. 3. Report of Commander R. N. Stembel, U. S. Navy. U. S. GUNBOAT LEXINGTON, Cairo, August 22, 1861. COLONEL: Agreeably to your verbal order, communicated to me at midnight of the 21st instant, I got under way, and procee(led to Padii- cah, Ky., where I arrivedat 7.03 a. in. The gentleman you placed on board to designate the steamer employed in the rebel trade and carry- ing their flag pointed out the W. B. Terry as being the vessel thus ille- gally e~igaged. I ran alongside of her, cut her out, made her fast to the Lexington, and immediately returned to this anchorage and placed her in your possession. I was not opJ)osed in the performance of this duty by either the citizens of Paducah or the officers and crew of the Terry, for the latter, evidently suspecting my object, left the boat hastily, with such articles of clothing as were at hand. I was therefore unsuccessful in capturing any of them. Very respectfully, your obedient servant R. N. STEMBEL, (ommander, U. S. Navy. Colonel OGLESBY, Commander Military Post, 6~airo, Ill Page 179 CHAP. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 179 SEPTEI~BER 312, 1861.Advance of Confederate Forces into Kentucky; occupation of Columbus, & c. REPORTS, ZETO. No. 1.Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. Army, of the occupation of Columbus and Hickman, Ky., September 3, with correspondence and orders. No. 2.Miscellaneous reports, correspondence, and orders relating to occnpation of Columbus and hickman, and Zollicoffers advance into Eastern Kentucky. No. 1. Report of Mc~j. Gem. Leonidas Polk, C. S. Army, of the occupation oJ Columbus and Hickman, Ky., September 3, with correspondence and orders. COLUMBUS, Kr., September 11, 1861. I have the honor to inclose to you, by the messenger who takes this, the copies of all the correspondence that has taken place between myself and other official persons in regard to the occupation of Co- lumbus, including the dispatches to and from yourself, my dispatch to the ~3ecretary of War in reply to his alone excepted. This has been misplaced, and I have not as yet been able to find it. It will no doubt be found in the War Office.* I have thought it well to have copies of all these papers prepared in the order of their dates for file in the Depart- ment, for future reference, as well as to place you in possession of all I have doue in the exercise of the discretion with which you intrusted me. hoping the measure I have taken may meet the approbation of my Government, I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, Major- General, Commanding. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President C. S. A. [Inclosure A.] HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT No. 2, Memphis, Tenn., September 1, 1861. His Excellency Governor MAGOFFIN, Fran~fort, Ky.: I think it of the greatest importance that I should be well informed of the future plans and policy of the Southern party in Kentucky, so as to shape my own plans accordingly, and I have thought it proper to send the bearer, Dr. Fowlks, to Frankfort for conference with you iii relation to your policy. The fullest information is desirable, and should be given as early as l)racticable. I have stated to Dr. Fowlks my wishes and designs and the difficulties that lie in my way, and I think it of the greatest consequence to the Southern cause in Kentucky or elsewhere that I should be ahead of the enemy in occupying Columbus and Padncah. Respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK. No inclosures found with this report, but the papers following, marked as inclo- sures A to M, are undoubtedly some of the papers referred to. The reply to Walkers dispatch of September 5 not found Page 180 180 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAP. XII. [Thelosure B.] COLUMBUS, Ky., & ptember 3, 1861. General POLK: Between 1,500 and 2,000; loaded wagons; horses and artillery, light caliber; ilO fortifications yet; one of the steamers gone up river. Two gunboats here yet and the Grampus. They sunk the ferry-boat this morning. The troops are camped in woods opposite here. HA1mJS. P. S.The gunboats are shifting position; may have more soon. [Inclosure C.] HICKMAN, Sep!ember 3, 1861. General POLK: The Grainpus is here waitino orders. Gunboat has arrived. Steam - boat just arrived from below, evidently filled with troops. Will report her soon as she lands. B. HUGHES. [Inclosure ID.] NASHVILLE, September 4 1861. Major-General POLK: Just learned that Pillows command is at Hickman. This is unfortu- nate, as the President and myself are pledged to respect the neatralit.y of Kentucky. I hope they will be withdrawn iu~tantly, unless their presence there is an absolute necessity. ISHAM G. HARRIS. [Inclosure B.] UNION CITY, September 4, 1861. His Excellency Governor HARRIS, Nashville, Tenn.: I have khe honor to reply to your telegram of to-day. General Pillow was directed by me, under the plenary powers dele- gated to me by the President and not since revoked to move from his late position at New Madrid to Columbus, Ky., and in consequence of the armed position of the enemy, who had posted himself with cannon and intrenchments opposite Columbus, the general was forced to land at Hickman to avoid his cannon. I regret that a movement so entirely acceptable to the people of Kentucky, or at least this portion of Kentucky, and so essential to the security of Western Tennessee, (loes not permit me, in the exercise of the above authority, to concur with your views. I had never received official information that the President and yourself had determined upon any particular course in reference to the State of Kentucky. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, Major-General, Comma 24ing. [Inclosure F.] RICHMOND, September 4, 1861. General POLK, Memphis, Tenn.: News has reached here that General Pillow has landed his troops at Hickman, Ky. Order their prompt withdrawal from Kentucky. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of lEar Page 181 ChAr. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 181 [Inclosure 0-.] UNION CITY, Septernbcr 4, 1861. His Excellency the PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES, Richmond, Va.: Sm: The enemy having descended the Mississippi River some three or four days since, and seated himself with cannon and intrenched lines opposite the town of Columbus, Ky., making such demonstrations as left no doubt upon the minds of any of their intention to seize and ibreibly possess said town, I thought proper, nuder the plenary power delegated to me, to direct a sufficient portion of my command, bothby river way and by land, to concentrate at Columbus, as well to [afford] to its citizens that protection they unite to a man in accepting, as also to prevent in time the occupation by the enemy of a point so necessary to the security of Western Tennessee. This demonstration on my part has had the desired effect. The enemy had withdrawn his force even before I had fortified my position. It is my intention now to continue to occupy and keep this position. Referring you to my dispatch of the 2d,* I have the honor to be, re spectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, ]lfajor- General, Commanding. [Inclosure II.] RICHMOND, September 4, 1861. General POLK: The necessity justifles the action. JEFFERSON DAVIS. [Inclosure I.] RICHMOND, September 5, 1861. General POLK: Will you give a reason for General Pillows movement ~ L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War. [Inclosure J.] CITY OF COLUMBUS, September 5, 1861. Major-General POLK, Commanding Division No. 2, 6onfederate Army: HONORED SIR: Will you permit a few of the citizens of this city and its vicinity, so recently oppressed and suffering from the tyrannical rules of the Northern Government, to express to you our profound gratifica- tion at the advent of the army under your command, and by your per- mission we will accompany that expression with a brief history of the action of that Government in respect to citizens of Kentucky, which in their judgment not only inclined our hearts to hail with delight the approach of the Confederate troops, but rendered it a duty to ourselves and our families that we should, as we did, unite and beseech them no longer to suffer the restraints of Kentucky neutrality to operate as a barrier against it. * Not found Page 182 182 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII We Call attest, sir, your religious obseiwance of that position which Kentucky had assumed for herself. We know, sir, that when the pres- ent unhappy difficulty between the Government of the United States and the Confederate Government [arose], the State of Kentucky chose for herself a position in relation to both powers, in which her citizens fondly flattered themselves that, amid the din of war, they would find peace, security to themselves, and the ability to serve the, suffering and afflicted of both sides. The Government of the Confederacy acknowledged and recognized the right of Kentucky thus to act. They saw in this action only the exercise of a great right which attaches to the sovereignty of a State, and which was the principle that underlies the Government itself. The South has therefore tenaciously respected the position of Kentucky, but, on the other hand, this position has been repudiated by the Government of the United States from the beginning. They have repeatedly violated i he neutrality of Kentucky and scoffed at those who trusted to it for I)rotection. it may not be improper to recall to your recollection a few of the in. stances in which the North have manifested its utter disregard of; and others in which it has openly and (leflantly assailed, Kentucky neutrality. You will doubtless remember that when the Army was being first col- lected at Cairo, it was universally understood that its object and desti- nation was down the Mississippi, to oven un Tennessee, take possession of Memphis, and finally march into New Orleans. That purpose is doubtless still entertained. As a military man you know that no gen- eral would lead an army of occupation into an enemys country and leave behind him unoccupied such a position as the map shows Colum- bus to be. Can any man be so blinded as to suppose that, amid a vast arrangement then being made for the military occupation of the entire South, the War Department at Washington suffered the declaration of Kentucky neutrality to interpose for one single moment a barrier to the occupancy of ColuinbusL~ We, sir, from the first hour that Cairo became a military encampment, have felt perfectly satisfied that this place would be taken possession of by Northern troops just so soon as the objects and designs of the leaders of the war rendered it ne~dful, and, sir, we have trembled with apprehension for the consequences to our l)ersons, our families, and our property. We had witnessed the outrages I)erpet.rated by Northern soldiery. We had knowii private residences of our neighbors across the river in Missouri entered by these soldiers and despoiled, the owner made prisoner or chased into the woods or the canebrake, and insult and indignity o~Thred to unprotected and defenseless females. We knew that we stood within the danger of similar treatment, for our offense was the same. Those men had dared to exercise the freedom of opinion and of speech, and so had we; they had dared to think and express the thought that a sectional President, elected by a sectional party and administering the Government upon purely sectional ideas, was a bane and a curse to the nation. We had offended in like manner. Because they would not prove such dastards as to disavow their sentiments, this treatment was visited upon them. We, too, felt incal)able of retracting our opinions thus expressed, even though punishment awaited the re- fractory. We knew that they did not intend to respect the neutrality of Kentucky. We knew, moreover, that in more instances than one they did openly violate it. The case of the Columbus Rangers is in l)oint. You, sir, may l)el- haps not have heard the particulars of that case. Capt. M. II. Wright Page 183 CHAP. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 183 a gentleman highly respected and honorable in all the relations of life, organized from the young men of Columbus and vicinity a company of Rangers, for the mere purpose of drill, to learn camp life, and to amuse themselves in hunting. A squad of this company went some 10 miles up the river on the Kentucky side. Some evil-disposed persons re- ported their presence in the neighborhood to the commander at Cairo, and lie determined to capture or slay them. Accordingly, a troop of 200 armed soldiers landed in the dead of iiight, maiched in secrecy toward the encampment; as they would approach the dwelling of a citizen it would be surrounded, and the peaceful inmates, aroused in utter astonishment from their slumbers, would be placed under guard. Thus this force moved on, arresting the citizen and administering oaths until they approached the camp of the Rangers, avowing their object to be to arrest them or shoot theni down if they resisted. The boys had left the evening before and returned to their homes, dreaming of anything less than they had become the objects of suspicion and of acarcit to the army at Cairo. It has never suited the pleasure of any person connected with this flagrant infraction of Kentucky neutrality to allege any fault committed by a single individual of that party of Rangers. It was a wanton, unprovoked invasion of Kentucky soil to hunt down and murder Kentucky citizens. Only a few (lays after the occurrences related above, another in stance of their utter disregard of the rights of the people of Kentucky I)resents itself in a scene that was enacted in this place, as follows: There cx- isled iu our midst a diversity of opinion on the great question that was dividing the nation, one party favoring the doctrine of secession, the other for the Union. Each party, as was customary, manifested their opinions by the display of synibols that represented its peculiar views. The secession party had its flag, the Union party theirs. This was a matter that concerned ourselves alone. A flag of the Southern Con- federacy floated from a pole on the river bank. The City of Alton, a steamboat belonging at Cairo, came down to Columbus filled with troops and having on board several cammnon. She was run in to shore where the secession flag was floating, au(i the officer in command of the expedition demanded, in a rude and authoritative manner, by whose authority that flag was placed there. He was told it was done by citi- zens of Columbus. He then ordered it to be taken down. He was told it would not be done by any citizen. He then said if it was not taken down inimediately lie would shoot it down. He was told to shoot it down then. Thereupon three men caine on shore, atmd, standing nuder the l)rotectioll of their cannon, and guns bearing in point-blank distance of our l)C~5O1i5 an(l our dwellings, one of these men tore down the flao took it on board the boat, and, amid shouts, jeers, and derision, it was stamped upon and carried away. We had iii all former periods of our national history been in the habit of mnanifPsting our lieculiar l)oliticai views by any emblem we chose to adopt, and had felt it as one of the blessings of our form of government that we had the right to canvass and call in question the acts of our rulers in any method we might desire, so that we preserved the peace. We had, however, presumed too far in our trust in Kentucky nentrahty. We had also been told by General Buckuer, the commander of the mil- itary force of our State, that lie had entered into an agreement with General McClellan which secured to us perfect immunity from all future disturbance; but even this consolation was denied us, for quickly upon the heels of this last act comes the (lenial of General McClellan. that any such arrangement existed, and that, too, in such terms as t Page 184 184 OPERATIONS iN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XJL leave it perfectly apparent that the Northern Army were at liberty to invade Kentucky at such times and places as suited its pleasure or con- venience. Contemporaneously with all this, it should be noted that in the city of Louisville, the great commercial mart of the State, a strict and se- vere embargo was being enforced, so that the trade of Kentucky was obstructed and the means of disposing of our surplus absolutely denied to us. As we draw nearer to the present period of time you will see the cloud thickens over the State, and the purposes and designs of the Goverunient at Washington become more and more apparent. Congress convened on the 4th of July. Was there any intimation of a purpose in that body to treat Kentucky otherwise than a State in the Union, and bound by her allegiance to all the duties and obligations of that relation as understood and construed, not by Kentucky herself, but by the Northern Black IRepublican States ~ None whatever. In all the vast arrangements in the form of 500,000 men and $500,000,080 of money devised and voted for the prosecution of the ~var, for the over- itinning Southern States, butchering her soldiery, and reducing their citizens to bondage, the State of Kentucky and the people of Kentucky were as fully embraced an(l included as the people and the States of Massachusetts or New York. Fearful the onerous tax imposed upon the people tor the purpose of raising this blood money would be resisted in Kentucky, we find aim army being raised and quartered in the very heart of the State, officered, equipped, fed, and armed by the General Government; held ready in the very center of the State to proceed to either extremity and assist that Government in placing the heel of l)O~C~ npon the neck of the peuple and constrainin~ them into submission to unconstitutional usurpation and tyranny. We have recently witnessed the spectacle of a thousand armed men, nuder General Rousseau, marching with loaded guns through the prin- cipal streets of time city of Louisville. We have witnesse(1 the spectacle of another armed force, under Colonel Bramlette, marching into the city of Lexington, to place an unarmed populace under duress amid compel them to submit to have Federal guns (listributed from timeir city an(l a depot for Federal arms established in their midst. We have witnessed the placing of two gunboats at anchor in front of our own towim, with a bat- tery from each frowning upon our dwellings and menacimig our citizemis. We have seen the property of the city of Columbusthe ferry franchise obstructed and the steam ferry-boat sunk and destroyed. We have seen bombs thrown into the city of Hickman. We have, sir, finally, witnessed the inhuman atid fiendish act of a bomb hurled into our own town, burst- ing near a private residence, and in the very midst almost of shriukino afirighted women. We have spent anxious days and sleepless nights in constant apprehension of the destruction of our town and time death of our wives and children. Can you not then conceive of the sincere delight with which we h~jil the approach of the army under your command ? But you will th.ll ihx short of a just conception of the lively sentiment of pleasure we (lerive from the sense of restored confidence amid the enjoyment of a conscious- ness that now our families and our property are safe. It is from hearts filled with such emotion-s as these that this entire community extends to you and to your gallant army a cordial welcome. GEORGE C. TAYLOR ET AL Page 185 CHAr. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 185 [Inclosure K.] COLUMBUS, Ky., September 8, 1861. Governor MAGOFFIN, Fran/fort, Ky.: I should have dispatched to you immediately, as the troops under my command took possession of this position, the very few words I a(1- dressed to the people here; but my duties since that time so preoccu- pied me, that I have but now the first leisure moment to communicate with you. It will be sufficient for me to inform you (as my short address here- with will do) that I had information on which I could rely that the Federal forces intended and were preparing to seize Columbus. I need not describe to you the danger resulting to Western Tennessee from such occupation. My responsih~lity could not permit me quietly to lose to the command intrusted to me so important a position. In evidence of the accuracy of the information I possessed, I will state that as the Con- federate forces approached this place the Federal troops were found iu formidable numbers in position upon the Opl)Osite bank, with their can- nons turned upon Columbus. The citizens of the town had fled with terror, and not a word of assurance of safety or protection had been addressed to them. Since I have taken possession of this place I have been informed by highly respectable citizens of your State that certaiu representatives of the Federal Government are seeking to take advan- tage of its own wrongs and setting up complaints against my act of oc- cul)ation, and are making it a pretext for seizing other points. Upon this proceeding I have no comment to make. But I am pre- pared to say that I will agree to withdraw the Confederate troops from Kentucky, provided that she will agree that the troops of the Federal Government be withdrawn simultaneously, with a guarantee (which I will give reciprocally for the Confederate Government) that the Federal troops shall not be allowed to enter or occupy any part of Kentucky in the future. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, Major- General, Commanding. [Inclosure L.] COLUMBUS, Ky., September 9, 1861. To 1~Iajor-General POLK, Commanding (loifederate Forces, d~c.: SIR: I have the honor to inclose herewith a resolution of the Senate of Kentucky, adopted by that body upon the reception of intelligence o~ military occupation of Hickman, Chalk Bank, and Columbus by the Confederate troops under your command.* I need not say that the people of Kentucky are profoundly astonished that such an act should have been committed by the Confederate States, and especially that they should have been the first to do so with an equipped and regularly organized army. The people of Kentucky having with great unanimity determined npou a positiou of neutrality in the unhappy war now l)Cing waged, and which they had tried in vain to prevent, had hoped that one place at least in this great nation might remain uninvaded by passion, and through whose good offices something might be done to end the war or ~ found, but see quotation in first paragraph inclosure M, p. 186 Page 186 186 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. at least to mitigate its horrors, or, if this were not possible, that she might be left to choose her dcstiny without disturbance from any quarter. In obedience to the thrice repeated will of the people, as expressed at the polls and in their name, I ask you to withdraw your forces from the soil of Kentucky. I will say iu conclusion that all the people of the State await in deep suspense your action in the premises. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, JOHN M. JOHNSTON, Chairman of Committee. [Inc1osure~ M.] COLUMBUS, Ky., September 9, 1861. To JOHN M. JOHNSTON, Chairman of Committee, Senate of Kentucky: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this date [inclosure L], conveying to me a copy of a resolution of the senate of Kentucky, under which a committee (of which you are chair- mall) was raised for the purpose of considering the reputed occupation of Hickman and other points in Kentucky by the Confederate troops, and that they take into consideration the reported occupation of Paducah and other points in Kentucky by the Federal authorities, and report thereon. Also that they be directed to obtain all the facts they can in reference to the recent occupation of Kentucky soil by the Confed- erate and Federal forces, and report in writing at as early a day as practicable. From the terms of the resolution it appears that your office as com- mittee-men was restricted merely to collecting the facts in reference to the recent occupation of Kentucky soil by the Confederate and Federal forces, and to report thereon in writing at as early a day as possible. In answer to these resolutions I have respectfully to say that, so far as the Confederate forces are concerned, these facts are few and shortly stated. The Government which they represent, recognizing as a fundamental principle the right of sovereign States to take such a position as they may choose in regard to their relations with other States, was compelled by that principle to concede to Kentucky the right to assume the posi- tion of neutrality which she had chosen in the passing struggle. This it has done on all occasions and without an excel)tion. The cases alluded to by his excellency Governor Magoffin, in his recent message, as raids I presume are the cases of the steamers Cheney and Orr. The former was the unauthorized and unrecognized act of certain citizens of Ala- bama, the latter an act of citizens of Tennessee* and others, and wa~ an act of reprisal. They cannot, therefore, be charged in any sense as acts of the Confederate Government. The first and only instance in which the neutrality of Kentucky has been disregarded is that in which the troops under my command took possessiou of the place I now hold and so much of the territory between it and the Tennessee line as was necessary for me to pass over to reach it. This act finds abundant justification in the history of the concessions granted to the Federal Government by Kentucky ever since the war began, notwithstanding the position of neutrality which she has assumed and the firmness with which she proclaimed her intention to maintain it. That history shows the following, aiuong other facts: This reference is to seizure of the Orr at Fort Heirnan Page 187 CHAP. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 187 In January the house of representatives of Kentucky passed anti- coercion resolutions, only four dissenting. The governor in May issued his neutrality proclamation. The address of the Union Central Committee, including Mr. James Speed, Mr. Pren- tice, and other prominent Union men, in April proclaimed neutrality as the policy of Kentucky, and claimed that an attempt to coerce the South should induce Kentucky to make common cause with her and take part on her side, without counting the cost. The Union speakers and papers, with few exceptions, claimed up to the last election that the Union vote was strict neutrality and peace. These facts and events gave assurance of the integrity of the avowed purpose of your State, and we were content with the position she assumed. Since the election, however, she has allowed the seizure in her ports (Paducah) of property of citizens of the Confederate States. She has by her members in the Congress of the United States voted supplies of men and money to carry on the war against the Confederate States. She has allowed the Federal Government to cut timber from her forests for the purpose of building armed boats for ~he invasion of the South- ern States. She is permitting to be enlisted in her territory troops, not only of her own citizens, but of citizens of other States, for the purpose of being armed and used in offensive warfare against the Confederate States. At Camp ~obinsoi~,in the county of Garrard, there are now 10,000 troops, if the newspapers can be relied upon, in which men from Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois are mustered with Kentuckians into the service of the United States and armed by that Government, for the avowed purpose of giving aid to the disaffected in the Confed- erate States and of carrying out designs of that Government for their subjugation. Notwithstanding all these and other acts of a similar character, the Confederate States have continued to respect the attitude which Ken- tucky had assumed as a neutral and foreborne from reprisals in the hope that Kentucky would yet enforce respect for her position on the part of the Government of the United States. Our patient expectation has been disappointed, and it was only when we perceived that this continued indifference to our rights and our safety was about to culminate in the seizure of an important part of her ter- ritory by the United States forces for offensive operations against the Confederate States that a regard for self-preservation demauded of us to seize it in advance. We are here, therefore, not by choice, but by necessity, and as I have had the honor to say in a communication addressed to his excellency Governor Magoffin, a copy of which is herewith inclosed and submitted as a part of my reply, so I iow repeat, in, answer to your request, that I am prepared to agree to withdraw the Confederate troops from Ken- tucky, provided she will agree that the troops of the Federal Govern- mnent be withdrawn simultaneously, with a guarantee (which I will give recij)rocally for the Confederate Government) that the Federal troops shall not be allowed to enter nor occupy any part of Kentucky for the future. In view of the facts thus submitted, I cannot but think the world at large will find it difficult to appreciate the profound astonishment with which you say the people of Kentucky received the intelligence of the occupation of this place. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, Major- General, Commanding Page 188 188 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XII. iRICHMoND, September 15, 1861. i\Jaj. Gen. L. PoLK, Columbus, Ky: Your letter of the 11th instant, with accompanying papers, was this day delivered by Mr. Ingraham. Your correspondence with the committee and the governor of Ken- tucky has been considered and approved. Governor Harris and others have represented to me that the occupation of Coluiiibus and Hickman would work political detriment to our cause in Kentucky. It is true that the solution of the problem requires the consideration of other than time military elements involved in it; but we cannot permit the indetermi- nate quantities, the political elements, to control our action in cases of military necessity. Such I regarded your occupation of Columbus to be, and your offer to evacuate it upon a reasonable assurance that it would not be occupied, and other places continued to be held by the enemy, furnishes all that could be required of respect for the declared neutrality on the part of Kentucky. A telegram has been sent to Governor Pettus, to inform him that any troops he could furnish to you would be mustered into the service of the Confederate States. You use the expression briHade, but this, I suppose, is merely in- ten(led to indicate a number of regiments, as you know the law does not authorize us to accept troops in any higher organization than the regi- mental. Your wish for General A. S. Johnston to command the operations in the West has been fulfilled. He is now, I suppose, at Nashville, and you will soon have the aid of his presence with the army. I am gratified that the people of Columbus recognize iii you a defender of their rights and made common cause with you. This alone wouhi suffice to prove that we have adhered to our declared abstinence from any policy of conquest. I feel deeply anxious as to the course of Kentucky, and sincerely trust your expectations will be realized in relation to the people of the section in which von now are. Very respectfully and trnly, JEFFERSON DAVIS. CoLuMBus, KY., September 16, 1861. President DAVIS: Your dispatch of this day received.* Your views in regard to the occupation of Kentucky shall be carried out with careful consideration. L. POLK, ]Jfajor- General. No. 2. Miscellaneous reports, correspondence, and orders relating to occupation ~f Columbus and Hickman, and Zollicoffers advance into Eastern Kentucky. NASHVILLE, September 4, 1861. JEFFERSON DAVIS: Confederate troops, commanded by General Pillow, landed at Hick- man, Ky., last night. *Probably Davis to Polk, September 15, p. 188 Page 189 CHAP.X11.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 189 I regard the movement as unfortunate; calculated to injure our cause in the State. Unless absolutely necessary there, would it not be well to order their immediate withdrawaH ISHAM G. HARRIS. RICHMOND, September 5, 1861. Governor HARRIS, Nash tille, Teun.: General Polk has been ordered to direct the prompt withdrawal of the forces under General Pillow from Kentucky. The movement was wholly unauthorized, and you will so inform Governor Magoffin. L. P. WALKER. COLUMBUS, Ky., September 13, 1861. President DAVIS: The following dispatch just received: FRANKFORT, Ky., September 12, 1861. The senate concurred in house resolution requiring governor of Kentucky to issue proclamation ordering off Confederate troops. L. POLK. RICHMOND, September 13, 1861. Maj. Gen. LEONIDAS POLK, Columbus, Ky.: I desire to treat Kentucky with all possible respect. Your occupa- tion of Columbus being necessary as a defensive measure, xvill of course be limited by the existence of such necessity. General A. S. Johnston is en route to join you. DAVIS. KASI-IVILLE, September 13, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant- General C. S. A.: After consultation with the Tennessee commissioners to Frankfort, and with prominent citizens of Kentucky, I unhesitatingly advise that the movement of General Zollicoffer be stopped at the State line. The commissioners urge the withdrawal of General ~ force. Politically it would be a positive gain. The commissioners believe if General Polk should withdraw that the Federals would also withdraw. I thiuik differently; but, even if it were otherwise, they say our doings in the State would more than compensate for the loss even of numbers. If a withdrawal is authorized, I can rally thousands of neutrality Union men to exi)el the Federals. I advise that General Johnston be ordered here at once, with discretionary authority to withdraw. Immediate action is necessary. Any delay in withdrawal necessitates energetic forward movements, for which there is not adequate preparation. Our l)05SC5- sion of Columbus is already neutralized by that of Paducah. I regard a prompt withdrawal the only chance to unite the State. Sinmultane- ouslv with withdrawal of Confederates I will issue call on all citizen Page 190 190 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CnAr~ XII. to join in expulsion of Federals. Advise ns in Nashville, in order that the governor of Kentucky may be notified. The line is kept open for reply. S. B. BUCKNER. NASHVILLE, September 13, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS: On 4th instant I sent John Marshall, Andrew Ewing, and Dr. Bow- ling as commissioners from Tennessee to Kentncky. They returned last night, and think it of the highest importance that our troops be withdrawn. They say withdrawal secures to us majority in the State. If not withdrawn, overwhelming majority against us aud a bloody con- test. They think our withdrawal secures withdrawal of Federal troops and saves the State. They are able and reliable men. I submit their report for your consideration. ISHAM G. HARRIS. RICHMOND, September 13, 1861. Governor HARRIS, Nashville, Teun.: Movement to Columbus was reported to me as a defensive measure, rendered necessary by the descent of Federal troops. As a necessity it was sanctioned. If they can be safely withdrawn, it would conform to my declared policy of respect for the neutrality of Kentucky. Gen- eral A. S. Johnston has been directed t~ confer with you at ~ ashville. Security to Tennessee and other parts of the Confederacy is the primary object. To this all else must give way. JEFFERSON DAVIS. KNOXVILLE, September 14, 1861. Adjutant-General COOPER: Governor Harris and General Buckner telegraphed me if possible to arrest the movement of which I apprised you on the lOth.* It is too late to arrest. To withdraw would be unfortunate, unless the Federal forces which menace us will agree to withdraw. I have informed Gov- ernor Magoffiu through Governor Harris I will withdraw on this con- dition. F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. RICHMOND, September 14, 1861. General ZOLLICOFFER, Knoxville, Tenn.: Your letter of 10th received.* The military considerations clearly indicate the forward movement which you propose. The political con- dition of Kentucky affects the determination of this question. Of that you are better informed than ourselves, and as you are supposed to Not found; but see Zollicoffer to Johnston, September 143, p. 194 Page 191 CHAP. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 191 have conferred with General A. S. Johnston discretion. , the matter is left to your S. COOPEE, Adjutant and Inspector General. COLUMBUS, Ky., September 14, 1861. Adjutant-General COOPER: The enemy is concentrating a force at Paducah. It is necessary I should have more troops. I am offered two brigades by Governor Pet- tus, of Mississippi, armed and equipped, provided they are mustered into the Confederate service. May I take them ~ Prompt action is our policy now in Kentucky. L. POLK. COLUMBUS, September 14, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President, & e.: Inclosed I send you a letter from two distinguished gentlemen of Kentucky, which will explain itself. My own opinion is, they overrate the importance of the seizure on the public mind of Kentucky. This s as I regard it from other sources of information. They both agree that the course Kentucky has pursued deprives her of the right to pro- test, and so far as the protection of Tennessee is concerned, the seizure in a military point of view was a necessity. Both deplore the effect on what they think its political influence. I believe, if we could have found a respectable pretext, it would have been better to have seized this place some months ago, as I am convinced we had more friends then in Kentucky than we have had since, and every hours delay made against us. Kentucky was fast melting away under the influence of the Lincoln Government. If we make the stand now, and do it vigor. onsly, we shall find we have more allies in the State than we shall ever have at any future (lay, and if our arms should be successful in a few battles, the State will soon abandon the position which fear of the power of the Federal Government alone constrains her now to maintain. Give us armies, with more commanders, and we cannot but believe that the ~3tate will rally strongly to our support for their emancipation. 1 have the honor to remain, respectfully, your obedient servant, L. POLK, Mic~jor- General, Commanding. P. S.I hear the Federalists have about 8,000 infantry and I,~O0 cavalry at Paducah. I moved Cheathams and Stephens regiments out to-day to Mayfleld, to protect my right flank. It is of the highest importance that we should have a large re-enforcement now to press the enemy before he has time to fortify. He has laid out extensive works around Paducak, and is meaning evidently to make it his base. General C. F. Smith is in command. [Inclosure.] COLUMBUS, September 13, 1861. General POLK: The undersigned, at the request of many friends interested in the protection of Southern rights in the State of Kentucky, visit you at th Page 192 192 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XTI. town of Columbus to present for your consideration some reasons why it is desired you should retire from this point to the State of Tennessee with your army. The policy of Kentucky was to adhere to a strict neutrality. Jn that determination those who feel that it is the interest of Kentucky, on final separation of the States, to be united with the Southern States, have persisted in a rigid adherence to neutrality. Thus acting, the pub- lie opinion was being molded to the point of a finhl union with the Southern States. It is feared the occupation of Kentucky soil by Confederate troops will check the run of public opinion, and be the occasion of inflaming the public mind against the Confed~rate States, un(ler the operation of which the legislature will inaugurate measures for the creation of a force to operate against your force. Allow us to state the condition of affairs in Kentucky. The State Guard military organization will be disbanded, and the guns ordered into the arsenal. A new organization will be adopted, and probably an organized force of 30,000 men created, and placed under the command of General Anderson. They will be directed to operate against your force, and most probably thrown forward from Louisville in the direction of Bowling Green, in the center of the Green liver country, in the direction of Nashville. Such course would sul~jugate the people along that line, and subject those holding Southern opinions to all the atrocities which have marked the course of the Northern Army. Such occupation would in all probability be the rallying point for an army which will effect- ually overawe, if it does not crush out, Southern mcii and sentiument. The Southern men are not organized, and are without arms or the. means of procuring them. No matter how numerous or how brave, they will be powerless for self protection, and may finally fix the destiny of the State. We are aware that you have proposed a mutual withdrawal of the two armies. The undersigned cheerfully acknowledge the justice and propriety of that proposition, but it is due to you to say that a majority of the legislature insist that, as Kentucky is still in the Union and the Confederate States in rebellion, they will not recognize the right of the Confederate States to be placed on equal legal footing with the Federal Government. They insist that your abandonment shall be first, and without terms. Intimations are made that influential parties will use their influence to secure the withdrawal of the Federal troops, and by this means secure the neutrality of Kentucky and keep her troops out of the field, and leave the people free to act on the final question at the proper time. We respectfully submit these views, and hope, if you shall feel it your duty to refer this question to President Davis, you will also pre- sent for his consideration the views here given. Respectfully, JOHN L. HELM. P. M. COYINGTON. CLARKSYJLLE, September 15, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, Richmond, Va.: I am just from Nashville, where some dissatisfaction prevails at tlme action of General Polk in taking Columbus, Ky. Whether it was altogether politic to take possession I need not say, but it will be ruinous to order him back. Let him advance his columns into Ken Page 193 CHAP. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, 1~TC. 193 tucky, to Bowling Green and Muldraughs Hill if necessary, and I pre- dict he will not leave an enemy behind him south of that place in two weeks. In confidence I say to you the service here needs a general at its head in whom the Army and the country have nnlimited confidence. Albert S. Johnston first, and Buckner and Gns. W. Smith as officers nuder him, would give such confidence as wonid insure success. I do not even insinuate that any one now in office should be displaced. I do not think they onght, bnt that the persons above named shonid be added to the list. The nentrality of Kentucky has been all the time a cloak to enable the Lincoln party there to hide their real design to arm the friends of Lincoln and to disarm the Southern Rights party. We ought to strike now. A step backward would be fatal, in my opinion. We cannot long avoid a conflict with the paid and bought friends of Lincoln in Kent~icky, and the fight might as well come off now as at any other time. If it is to be done, it should be done quickly. Ever your friend and obedient servant, G. A. HENRY, RICHMOND, September 14, 1861. General S. B. BUCKNER, Nashrille, Tenn.: Your several telegraphs received. A dispatch from the President to Governor Harris yesterday will inform you of his views. A similar dispatch was sent to General Polk at Columbus. General Johnston is presnmed to be now in Nashville, to assnme command. Appointment of brigadier general will be sent to you by mail, and it is designed that yon take command of either Camp Boone or Trousdale. Yon are au- thorized to accept regiments br twelve months, if they furnish their own arms, if they will not come for the war. There is no law which author- izes the transporcation, as suggested by you. S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. NASHVILLE, TENN., September 16, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS: Mr. PRESIDENT: Your dispatch of the 13th instant,* was received at Chattanooga. After full conference with Governor Harris, and after learning the facts, political and military, I am satisfied that the polit- ical bearing of the question presented for my decision has been decided by the legislature of Kentucky. The legislature of Kentucky has required the prompt removal of all Confederate forces from her soil, and the governor of Kentucky has issued his proclamation to that effect. The troops will not be with- drawn. It is not possible to withdraw them now fronif Colnmbns in the west, and from Cumberland Ford in the east, withont opening the frontiers of Tennessee and the Mississippi River to the enemy, and this is regarded as essential to our present line of defense as well as to any thture operations. So far from yielding to the demand for the with- drawal of onr troops, I have determined to occu~)y Bowling Green at once. Not found. 13 R RVOL I Page 194 191 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. Information I believe to be reliable has just been received that General Polk has advanced upon Paducali with 7,500 men. The in(h- cations are distinct, leading to the conclusion that the enemy design to advance on the Nashville Railroad, and will immediately occupy Bowl- ing Green, if not anticipated. I design to-morrow (which is the earliest practicable moment) to take possession of Bowling Green with 5,000 troops, and prepare to support the movement with such force as circumstances ma~ indicate and the means at my command may allow. Full reports of the forces of my department will be made at the earliest practicable moment. But enough is already apparent, I respectfully snbmit, considering the in- tended line of our defenses and the threatening attitude and increasing forces of the enemy in Missouri and Kentucky, to authorize and require of me the assurance to you that we have not over half the armed forces that are now likely to be required for our security against disaster. I feel assured that I can command the requisite number of men, but we are deficient in arms. By letter of the 15th instant, borne by a special messenger, I have called earnestly upon the governors of Georgia and Alabama I or arms, which I am assured they possess. If I fail with them, I shall appeal to your excellency for support and assistance. I believe that those States have quite a number of arms, and that a portion, at least, of them ought to be spared to this line of our defenses. Having no officer that I could place in command of the movement on Bowling Green, I have been compelled to select and appoint General Simon B. Btickner a brigadier-general, subject to your approval, which I hope it may meet. The occupation of Bowling Green is an act of self-defense, rendered necessary by the action of the government of Kentucky and by the evidences of intended movements of the Federal forces. I would be glad to have the services of G. W. Smith, if it is in the power of your excellency to assign him to my command. Any orders of your excellency will be executed promptly, and any suggestions you may make will be received with pleasure. With great respect, your obedient servant, A. S. JOHNSTON, General, (I. S. Army. KNOXVILLE, September 16, 1861. General A. S. JOHNSTON, Memphis, Teun.: SIR: On the 10th instant I apprised Adjutant-General Cooper that I expected on the 12th to have three regiments at Cumnberland Ford and three other regiments there as soon as they could be withdrawn from oth~r posts, and I added: The country beyond Cuinberland Gap, toward Nelsons Camp, is poor and hostile. To make secure our line of communication with the sonrces of onr supplies, it is essential to strengthen the positions at Cumberland Gap, Cuinberland Ford, and the interven- ing passes of the Three Log Mountains. This may be accomplished, I trust, in a few days after the six infantry regiments get to the Ford, when we will be ready to make a lbrward movement. On the 13th 1 received dispatches from Governor Harris aud General IBuchner, urging me to arrest my movement at the State line, if possi- ble. These dispatches came too late, reaching me after my returmi from London. I replied to Governor Harris by telegraph, requesting him to transmit to Governor Magoffin the following note Page 195 CHAP. XII.] ADVANCE OF CONFEDERATES INTO KENTUCKY, ETC. 1195 KNOXVILLE, September 14, 1861. His Excellency Governor MAGOFFIN, Fran kfort, Ky.: SIR: The safety of Tennessee requiring it, I have occupied the mountain passes at Cumberland Ford aud the Three Log Mountains, in Kentucky. For weeks I have known that the Federal commander at Hoskins Cross-Roads was threatening the invasion of East Tennessee, and ruthlessly urging our people to destroy their own rail- road bridges. I postponed this precautionary measure until the despotic Government at Washington, refusing to recognize the neutrality of Kentucky, had established formidable camps in the central and other parts of the State, with ~a view first to sub- jugate our gallant sister and then ourselves. Tennessee feels, and has ever felt, towards Kentucky as a twin sister. Their people are as one people, in kindred, sym- pathy,valor,and patriotism. We have felt, and still feel, a religious respect for Kentucky neutrality. We will respect it as long as our safety will permit. If the Federal forces will now withdraw from their menacing position, the forces under my command shall instantly be withdrawn. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier-General. Last night General Cooper telegraphed me in reference to my sug- gestion of the 10th, that, after strengthening the mountain passes, we will be ready to make a forward movement, as follows: The military considerations clearly indicate the forward movement which you pro. pose. The political condition of Kentucky affects the determination of the question. Of that you are better informed than ourselves; and as you are supposed to have conferred with General A. S. Johnston, the matter is left to your discretion. There are probably by this time fonr regiments at Cumberland Ford, and a fifth at the Gap, 15 miles this side. A sixth will probably be moved up by the 21st or 22d and if the state of things in Greene County, where there has been some excitement, is such as I suppose, I am not able yet to indicate within what time proper ~1efenses in the mountain passes can be completed, but every effort will be made to push the work forward vigorously. I hope to go there to-morrow. Would have gone earlier, but have been detained by pressing necessities here. I meant to say to General Cooper that we would be ready to make a forward movement, should it be deemed advisable. I find myself at a loss, under present condition of things, how to obtain reliable information of the strength and movements of the enemy. I will endeavor to place before you promptly information I may receive and all circumstances enabling you to understand our condition. I inclose the most perfect report we are now able to make of the various corps, scattered as they now are at distant posts.# Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. * Not found Page 196 196 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. (CHAP. XII SEPTEMBER 6, 1861.Occupation of Paducali, Ky., by United States troops. REPOI~TS, IF~TC. No. 1.Brig. Gen. John A. MeClernand, U. S. Army, of departure of expedition from Cairo, Iii., September 5. No. 2.Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding District of Southeast Mis- souri, with instructions relative to occupation of the town. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gem John A. ]JleClernand, U. S. Army, of departure of the expedition from Cairo, Iii., September 5. BRIGADE HDQRS., Cairo, September 512 p. m. SIR: I have the honor to report the military operations of the day. This morning an engineering party, covered by a company from Col. Paines regiment, repaired to the Kentucky shore, and made a survey and reconnaissance, with a view to occupation preparatory to more deci- sive movements south. The party returned at sunset without accident. This afternoon vigorous measures were adopted for an expedition for the seizure of the city of Padacah, 50 miles above, on the Ohio River. To prevent opJ)osing measures, all passing on the rivers and roads was sus- pended, egress from the city forbidden, and the telegraph restrained. The expedition sailed at 11.30 to-night, comprising the gunboats Tyler and Conestoga, the steamers Graham an(l Terry, conveying Col. Paines regiment from Cairo, Colonel MeArthurs regiment from Birds Point, also Colonel Waagners artillery, consisting of six pieces, un(ler Captain Smith. The force comprised about 1,800 men of all grades, six 64-pounders, four 32-pounders, and six 6-pounders, with an adequate supply of provisions and munitions for all expected emergencies. Brig- adier-General Grant commands the expedition in person. The officers and men chosen for this duty are among the most carefully chosen an(l drilled of the illinois volunteers. I anticipate the pleasure of l)eing able to announce to you the entire success of this important movement. Order prevails in this city and camp; the organization and drill of the forces are progressing satisfactorily, and when supplied with the arms now on the way, it is hoped that the post may be not only well defended, but the scene of efficient operations. Having only entered upon the command of this post at noon to-day, and being pressed by active duties, growing out of the movements above referred to, I will defer details until better advised of the condi- tion and strength of my command. I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN A. MCCLEIINAND, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Maj. Gen. JoHN C. FRIIWONT, Saint Louis, Mo. No. 2. Reports of Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Distriet of Southeast Missouri, with instructions relative to occupation of the town. CAIno, September 6, 1861. Have just returned from Paducah. Found secession flags iii (lifferent parts of the city, in expectation of greeting the arrival of Souther Page 197 CETAL. XII.] OCCUPATION OF PADUCAH, KY., BY U. S. TROOPS. 1197 Army, said to be 16 miles off 3,800 strong. Took quiet possession of telegraph office, railroad depot, and Marine Hospital. Found a large quantity of complete rations and leather for the Southern Army. I will go to Cape Girardeau to-night, and give necessary directions for move- ment of troops from there, and return to-morrow. Left two gunboats for the present. 111. S. GIRANT, Brigadier- General. Maj. Gen. JOHN C. FRDIONT, Saint Louis, Mo. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTIIEA~ 2 MISSOURI, Cairo, Iii., September 6, 1861. I left Cairo at 10.30 oclock last night, taking two gunboats and three steamboats, with the Ninth Illinois under Gen. E. A. Paine; the Twelfth Illinois, under Col. J. MeArthur, and Smiths battery, four pieces light artillery, under Lieutenant Willard. I met with some detention at Mound City, owing to an accident to one of the steamers, creating a necessity for a transfer of troops. During the detention I was joined by Captain Foote, U. S. Navy, who accompanied the expedition. Arrived at Paducah at 8.30 this morning. Found numerous secession flags flying over the city, and the citizens in anticipation of the approach of the rebel army, which was reliably reported 3,800 strong 16 miles dis- tant. As we iieared the city Brigadier-General Tilghman and staff, of the rebel army, and a recruiting major with a company raised in Padu- cab, left the city by the railroad, taking with them all the rolling stock. 1 landed the troops and took possession of the city without firing a gun. Before I landed the secession flags had disappeared, and I ordered our flags to replace them. I found at tim railroad depot a large number of complete rations and about two tons of leather, marked for the Con- federate Army. Took possession of these and ordered the rations to be distributed to the troops. I also took possession of the telegraph office, and seized some letters and dispatches, which I herewith transmit. I further took possession of the railroad. The enemy was reported as coming down the Tennessee River in large force, but this I do not credit. I distributed the troops so as best to command the city and least annoy peaceable citizens, and published a proclamation to the citizens, a copy of which will be handed you by Captain Foote. I left two gunboats and one of the steamboats at Paducah, placed the post under command of General E. A. Paine, and left Paducah at 12 oclock, arriving at.this post at 4 this afternoon. Last night I ordered the Eighth Missouri Volunteers, Col. M. L. Smith, stationed at Cape Girardean, to report here immediately. I will send them to re-enforce General Paine at Paducah to-night. I would respectfully recommend that two additional pieces be added to the cx- cellent~ l)attery of Captain Smith, commanded by Lieutenant Willard, making it a complete battery of six pieces. He has men sufficient for six pieces, but will require horses and harness. Colonel Waagner accompanied me and m precaution. , anifested great zeal an(l 1 must acknowledge my obligations to General MeClernand, com- manding this force, for the active and efficient co-operation exhibited by him in fitting out the expedition. UT. S. GRANT, Brigadier- General. 214 Gen. JOHN C. FRLMONT, Saint Louis, ho Page 198 198 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. [Instructions.] HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MISSOURI, Paducah, Ky., September 6, 1861. Brig. Gen. E. A. PAINE, Commanding Ninth Illinois Volunteers: Upon my departure you will assume command of the troops at this post, and make such disposal of the forces as will best enable you to retain possession and control of the city. A portion of the troops can be quartered at the Marine Hospital. You are charged to take special care and precaution that no harm is done to inoffensive citizens; that the soldiers shall not enter any private dwelling nor make any searches unless by your orders, and then a detail shall be made for that purpose. Exercise the strictest discipline against any soldier who shall insult citi- zens or engage in plundering private property. Make frequent reports to me at district headquarters, and also to the Department of the West, at Saint Louis, sending me copies of such reports. By order of Brigadier-General Grant: WM. S. HILLYET~, Captain and Aide-de- Camp. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MISSOUUI, Cairo, Ill., September 6, 1861. Brig. Gen. E. A. PAINE, 61ornmanding, & e., Paducah, Ky.: Take possession of the wharf boats at the landing and make use of them for storehouses. I would recommend that you have your captured stores and all others sent to these boats immediately, to guard against losing them. I send you five companies of Colonel Oglesbys regiment without baggage, and I want them returned by the same boat that takes Smiths regiment. I can send you one or two companies of cav- alry in a day or two, and am in hopes two more pieces of artillery will be added to the battery you now have. U. S. GRANT, Brigadier- General, (Jommanding. CAIRO, ILL., September 6, 1861. Brig. Gen. E. A. PAINE: I am instructed by General Grant, who has left fer Cape Girardean, to add to the foregoing the additional instruction, that should you ap- prehend an attack from the enemy you will seize all the money in the banks, assuring the citizens that it is done for the purpose of securing the deposits of the Union men as well as to guard against its falling into the hands of the enemy. You will then place it on one of the gun- boats for safe-keeping. By order of Gen. Grant: WM. S. HILLYE1~, Captain and Aide-de-Camp. CAIRO, ILL., September 6, 1861. Col. M. L. Si~IITI1, Comdg. Eighth Regiment Missouri Vols.: Without leaving the steamer you are now on, you will proceed at once to Paducah, Ky., and there report to Brigadier-General Paine, now in command at that place, for duty. I have selected your regiment and yourself for that post, deeming it of the utmost importance to have troops and a commander that can be expected to do good service. U. S. GIlANT, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 199 CHAP. XH.] SKIRMISH ON MAYFIELD CREEK, KY., ETC. 199 SEPTEMBER 19, 1861.Action at Barboursvile, Ky. Report of Brig. Gen. F. K. Zollicoffer, C. S. Army. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Buckner, ~war Cumberland Ford, Ky., Sept. 19, 1861. SIR: On my way here to-day an express overtook m~ with your order to send two regiments from my command to Camp Trousdale. I imme- diately caused orders to be given to Fourteenth Mississippi Regiment, Colonel Baldwin, and Third East Tennessee Regiment, Colonel Lillard, to move to Camp Trousdale, those two regiments being on the line of the railroad and most readily to be brought to the position designated. I have now four regiments here and one at Cumberland Gap. I have here one 6-pounder field battery of six gnus and four companies of cav- alryeight other cavalry companies on the way. There are now but two infantry regiments left in East Tennessee; one, the Alabama regi- ment, with more than 400 sick. There are five cavalry companies left for that service. An advanced force sent out last night, about 800 strong, entered Barbbnrsville, 18 miles from here, about daylight, where they found aboizrt 300 of the enemy, and a fight ensued, in which we killed 12 and took 2 prisoners. We lost 1 killed, Lieutenant Powell, of Colonel Cuin- mings regiment, 1 fatally wounded, and 3 slightly wonuded. The enemy lied ~precipitate1y. The number of his wounded unknown. Col. J. A. Battle commanded the detachment, making a march of 34 miles and dispersing this detachment of the enemy within a period of twenty hours. He destroyed their encampment, called Camp Andrew Johnson, and captured about 25 arms. Two prisoners had been taken a day or two before, one of whom was bearing a letter from an East Tennessee captain in the Lincoln camp at iloskins Cross-Roads to his wife in which the writer states that the strength of that camp is 15,000 and still rapidly increasing. We now have a report from the country people that they are 20,000 strong. My only engineer officer understanding military engineering has re- signed and gone home. Very respectfully, ~. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. General A. S. JOHNSTON, ililiemphis, Tenn. SEPTEMBER 21, 22, 1861.Reconnaissance toward Columbus, and skir mish (September 22) on Mayfield Creek, Ky. REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army. No. 2.Col. Jacob G. Lauman, Seventh Iowa Infantry. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Ar my. HEADQUARTERS DISTRIcT SOUTHEAST MISSOURI, Cairo, September 22, 1861. GENERAL: Yesterday I directed a reconnaissance in force to discover the position of the enemy. The main part of the troops from 4orfol Page 200 200 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XLL and Fort Jefferson were landed below Island No. 1, and marched from there down the beach road, supported by the gunboats Tyler and Lex- ington. The result proved the Confederates to be iu and .around Co- lumbus. No outposts are occupied by them nearer to us. Mayfield has been deserted by the rebels. Colonel Waagner, chief of ordnance, left. here this evening, in pursu- ance ot orders telegraphed to him. his energy and ability have been of great service to me, partienlarly in directing reconnaissances, and his loss from this post will be felt. To-day the advanced sentinels of one of our pickets fired into a scout- ing party of about 100 rebels, killing 1 horse and unhorsing 5 or 6 men. This took place about 1 mile from Elliotts Mills, on the Columbus road. The general health of this command is improving, but the number of sick is still very large. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. i\Iaj. Gen. J. C. FR~MONT, Comndg. Western Dept, Saint Louis, Mo. No. 2. Report of Col. Jacob G. Lanman, 8eve~th Iowa Infantry, of skirmish on lltayfield Creek, K FORT JEFFERSoN, September 22, 1861. GENERAL: My outposts, consisting of a detachment of 8 or 10 men, inflmntry, statione(I on the road beyond Elliotts Mills, were attacked this afternoon by the enemys cavalry, about 100 in number, and were repulsed with the loss of 4, known to be either killed or wounded, as they tumbled out of their saddles, and were carried off in their precipi- tate retreat. One horse was killed, and the horse furniture remains in the hands of my picket as a trophy. If possible send us some addition to our cavalry force, and I pledge you they wont approach our pickets again with impunity. Respectfully, yours, J. G. LAUMAN, Colonel Seventh Iowa, Commanding Post. General U. S. GRANT, Commanding, cec. SEPTEMBER, 23, 1861.Affair at Albany, Ky.* Report of Brig. (ien. F. K. Zollicofl~r, C. S. Army. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Buckner, Ky., October 2, 1861. SIR: I had posted Captain Bledsoes cavalry company near James- town, Teun., and four other cavalry companies at intermediate points troin there to Cumberland Gap, to watch the mountain passes on the East Tennessee and Kentucky line in its whole extent. Colonel Stami- tons rifle regiment is encamped in Overton County, Middle Tennessee, 14 miles from Captain Bledsoe, but I am advised that he does not regard himself as under my orders. I have just learned that a few days ago * Exact date not ascertained Page 201 CHAP. XII.] SKIRMISH A~P HOPKINSVILLE, KY., ETC. 201 Captain Bledsoe ascertained that about 400 Lincoln men at Albany, Ky., had made prisoners of some of our friends in their neighborhood, who sent to Bledsoe for help. He dashed over the line to Albany, routed the Lincoln men, and captured about 60 muskets, which he sent to Colonel Stanton. The force of the enemy has collected at Monticello 800 strong, and two small pieces of artillery have been sent them from Camp Dick Robinson. Bledsoe has since sent to Colonel Stanton ~for hell), which has been refused. He scnt a second time, and was informed that he (Stanton) would not afford the desired assistance nnless ordered by General Johnston. This is what a messenger sent to General Caswell says. Bledsoe, a very gallant man, thinks with this timely aid he could disperse the Lincoln force and take their cannon. Three companies of cavalry have been ordered to Bledsoes relief but Stanton, who is so near, ought to give his aid. I hear that about 2,500 Lincolnites have assembled at Louisa, in Law- rence County, Kentucky, on tho Lower Sandy River, and that the peo- pie of Scott, Lee, Wise, Russell, and other western counties in Virginia are preparing against invasion. I have written to leading men in those counties, and have sent an intelligent officer through them to get relia- ble news and to urge timely preparations to guard the gaps in the mountains. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. Lientenant-Colonel MACKALL, Asst. Acljt. Gen., Columbus, Ky. SEPTEMBER 26 and 29, 1861.Destruction of the Lock at the mouth of Muddy ~River (23), skirmish (29) at Hopkinsville, Ky., and its occupation by Confederate forces. R~port of Brig. Gen. Simon B. Buekzner, C. S. Army. BOWLING GREEN, October 4,1861. I returned here yesterday. On the 26th September destroyed the lock at the month of Muddy River; occupied Hopkinsville on the 29th, the Home Guards having departed on the previous night. Our only loss was 1 killed an(l 1 dangerously wounded, resulting from an am- bush of a few of the dispersing Home Guards. Our cavalry wounded several and took 2 prisoners. Men stood n~arch of over 100 miles re- markably well; their conduct generally excellent. We made irmany friends. I left the brigade of Mississippians and two small regiments under Brigadier General Alcorn at Hopkinsville. I will send you by mail a copy of my instructions to him. I can reconstruct at a cost of a few hundred dollars an old telegraph line from Clarksville to Hopkins- yule. Shall I direct it to be built I There is a regiment 1,000 strong in Overton County, Tenn., about 70 miles southeast of this place; it is commanded by Col. S. S. Stanton, who is still under orders to respect the neutrality of Kentucky. If not wanted there, I requ& ~st permission to order them to join me. Yours, respectfully, ~. B. BUCKNER, Brigadier- General. Col. W. W. MACKALL, Assistant Adjutant-General Page 202 202 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAP. XIL SEPTET~TBER 2S39, 183l.Exp& iition from Cumberland Ford, including skirmish at Laurel Bridge, Laurel County, and capture of Salt Works in Clay County, Kentucky. Reports of Brig. Gen. F. K. Zouicoffer, C. S. Army. BRIGADE TIEAJJQUARTERS, Camp Buckner, Ky., September 30, 1861. SIR: The detachments whose movements I reported to you on the 26th instant are returning into camp. The commands of Colonels Rains and Stathamn and Lieutenant-Colonel MeNairy went a few miles beyond London, having driven in the enemys pickets a few miles this side of Laurel Bridge, captured a part of the baggage of the encamp- ment at the bridge, and given ineffectual chase for several miles to a retreating force variously estimated at from 600 to 11,500. They cap- tured two of the pickets and one other prisoner, 8,000 cartridges, 25,000 caps, 3 kegs of powder, 6 barrels of salt, 2 wagons and teams (hauling off the last of their baggage), 3 other horses, 25 pairs of shoes, and several guns. The commands of Colonel Cummings and Lieutenant-Colonel Braz- elton proceeded to the salt works in Clay County and loaded their wagon train with all the salt there200 barrelsamid returned with it without any incident of note. The works belong to Lincoln men, but Colonel Cummings was instructed to receipt for it, which he did. It appears certain that a portion of the enemys force at Laurel Bridge was from Camp Dick Robinson, and there is reason to suppose that a considerable force has advanced from that camp towards Lon- don, but of this I have no reliable information. I have not yet had an opportunity of getting detailed information from the officers of the character of the roads, the topography of the country, temper of the people, & c., but learn that the people seem hostile, and that the roads have numerons mountain defiles. I regret to have to report that I learn that some of our soldiers com- mitted discreditable trespasses on the property of private citizens on the route, which I will investigate and endeavor to have properly pun- ished. It will tend to thwart progress I was making in conciliating masses of ignorant people here who were hostile because they were told we would have no respect for their personal or property rights. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Lieutenant Colonel MACKALL, Brigadier- General. Assistant Adjutant- General, (Jolum bus, Ky. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Buckner, September 30, 1861. SIR: On the morning of the 26th instant Colonel Rains regiment, Colonel Statham, with a battalion of his regiment, and Lieutenant- Colonel MeNairys cavalry battalion, marched for Laurel Bridge, in Laurel County, Ky., to break up a camp of the enemny, variously estimated from 600 to 1,500. On the same morning I sent Colonel Cummings regiment and Lieu- tenant-Colonel Brazelton, with a part of his cavalry battalion, to th Page 203 CHAP. XII.] AFFAIRS AT ALBANY, KY., AND TRAVISYILLE, TENN. 203 salt works, in Clay County, to fill a train of wagons with salt. The I)opulation in those counties is hostile, and 1 considered the first expe- (lition favorable to masking the second, while both would procure me valuable information of the country. The first expedition drove iu the enemys pickets some distance this side of tlie bridge, broke up their camp, captured part of their baggage, consisting of 8,004) cartridges, 25,009 caps, 3 kegs of powder, 6 barrels of salt, 25 pairs of shoes, 2 wagons and teams, 3 other horses, and 3 prisoners, including 2 of their cavalry pickets. They gave them inef- fectual chase several miles through London and a few miles beyond.* The second expedition obtained 200 barrels of salt, all that was at the works, and returned without notable incident. The works belong to Lincoln mcii, but I cansed it to be receipted for, with the expectation that the Confederate Government will pay for it at the price at the worksforty cents per bushel. The scarcity of the article in the Con- federate States makes the acquisition a valuable one to the Army. I regret to have heard of irregularities among the soldiers oii these expeditions in trespassing upon private pro~)erty, which I will investi- gate and have severely I)unished. The population in these counties is an ignorant one, an(l much prejudiced against us by misrepresentation. I have made some ~)rogress in conciliating them, but I fear this conduct will tend to defeat such object. Inclosed find report of the death of Lieutenant Powell, killed at I3arboursville, on the 19th instant. Is the vacancy to be filled by elec- tion or promotion l Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. Adjt. Gen. S. COOPER, Richmond, Va. SEPTMIBER 29, 1861.Affairs at Albany, Ky., and Travisville, Tenn. Report of (Jot. William A. ilioskins, Twelfth Kentucky Infantry. CAMP AT ALBANY, September 29, 1861. Sin: On my arrival at this place on yesterday I found it occupied by the Home Guards of Clinton and Thuissell Counties, the Confederate troops having evacuated the same; after apl)ropriating such of private and public property as they chose returned to their encampment, dis- tant from this place 20 miles. Among other things which they captured were 30-odd Home Guard muskets and 3,000 rounds of B. and B. cartridges. The promptness with which the Home Guards of Russell came to the relief of the people of this county is deserving of all praise, as also their heroic conduct in replanting and standing by the colors in the presence of such danger, with a foe outnumbering them ten to one, from which they were momentarily exl)ecting an attack. On my arrival at Monticello, learning that the Confederate troops contemplated reoccupying Albany, I deemed it best to call to my aid the Home Guards of Pulaski County, as also those of the counties of Lincoln, Casey, and Russell, under the command of Col. J. L. Barnes. * For Zollicoffers instructions to Rains, see Garrard to Thomas, October 3, in Cor- respondence, etc. Union, p. 291 Page 204 204 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP XII. They responded to the call, and joined us this morning by forced marches with a force of 184 men, to which they are hourly receiving accessions. To-morrow I shall expect re-enforcements of some 200, making in all 800 effective men, of which number 100 cavalry from Camp Dick Itoh- inson and 100 from ilustonville and Liberty. This morning I received information that the Confederate forces were forming another encampment at Travisville, distant from us 13 miles; accordingly I ordered Captain Morrison to take the effective force under his command and proceed to that point, and after reconnoitering sufficiently to satisfy himself that the number was not too great to justifv an attack, to take them by snrprise, order a surrender, which, shonld they reftise, to fire npon them. In obedience to my orders he proceeded to that point as directed. In about two honrs after Captain Morrison left camp Lieutenant Adams joined ns, as also the Home Gnards of Hustonville Cavalry. I ordered a detail of 15 men from the company nnder command of Lieutenant Adams and 30 from the Hustonville ionic Guards, which were placed under command of Major Brents, and he ordered to proceed to Travis. yule, to s uJ)port Captain Morrison in the event he was repulsed; but before reaching that point Captain Morrison had snrprised the camp, finding about 100 troops, which, being ordered to surrender, fled, when they were fired upon and 4 killed, the balance effecting their escape by fleeing to the hills.* * * * * * * * They also took 4 prisoners, 2 of whom, as also 2 horses, were captured by Thomas Huddleston, a private in Captain Morrisons company; after accomplishing which, to use his own expression, He looked for more, but they had all fled. Among the officers with Captain Morrison were Lieutenant Miller, Sergeants hay, Carr, Chilton, Smith, and Howard. The prisoners were brought this side the line, when, after taking a solemn obligation to prove faithful to the United States Govern ment, they were released. The promptness with which the Hastonville Home Guards obeyed my order to join in the hazardous expedition is deserving of honorable mention. Bat for our timely arrival the Confederate troops, I have no doubt, would now lh ye beeui in possession of this place, as they were to move in this direction on yesterday. This morning their l)lami was to gather their forces at Camp Monroe, when they were to divide their forces into three divisions; the smaller force of cavalry was to make a feint upon this place, while the other two divisions were to move one on Monticello and the other on Burkes- yule, Cumberland County. I have ordered the blockade of the road leading to Monticello, by tl~e destruction of a bridge, the felling of timber, & c., while I have also ordered the Home Guards of Cumberland to hold themselves in readi- ness to meet the attack; and. should they attempt to execute their l)lafls, if we can repulse the party attacking this place, we will move in the rear of the party attacking Burkesville. Should they delay the attack until I shaA be sufficiently strength- ened by re-enforcements to move from cover, I shall proceed to blockade all the passes leading into this place and erect a fortification. So soon as that is accomplished I shall leave some one in charge and return to camp. The cavalry from tamp iDuck Itornuson is too muen fagged to return for several days. * List of property captured omitted Page 205 CHAP. XII.] ACTION AT ROCKCASTLE HILLS, KY., ETC. 205 I send you herewith copies of orders issued since I assumed com- mand, as also a map of roads, & c., which will enable you the better to coml)rehend our position. I am apprehensive that the attack on their camp to-day may provoke the enemy to hasten their movements on us; anticipating which, I have called for re-enforcements from this and the neighboming counties. From the most reliable information obtained, they have 1,180 men, distributed in the following order: At Camp Bleds6e, 80 cavalry; Good Pastures, 200; and 900 at camp beyond Monroe; all of whom I learn are but poorly armed, with no artillery. You shall hear from me again in a few days. I hope you will pardon my hasty and informal report, as it is my first experiment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. HOSKINS. General GEORGE II. THOMAS. OCTOBER 21, 1861.Action at Rockcastle Hills, or Camp Wildcat, Ky. REPOHTS, ETC. No. 1.Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas, U. S. Army. No. 2.Brig. Gen. A. Schoepg U. S. Army. No. 3.Col. John Coburn, Thirty-third Indiana Infantry. No. 4.General A. S. Johnston, C. S. Army. No. 5.Brig. Gen. F. K. Zollicoffer, C. S. Army, including operations October 1626, with correspoildence. No. 6.Col. T. W. Newman, Seventeenth Tennessee Infantry. No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gem. George II. Thomas, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 22, 18614 a. m. GENERAL: I have just received a dispatch from General Schoept; at the I{ockcastle Hills. He writes that the enemy attacked the camp with 6,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry, and were repulsed and driven back, as he says, behind their iiitrenchments. He reports 4 of our men killed and 20 wounded. Among the latter was Captain Hanser, Thirty- third Indiana, who rejoined his regiment after the amputation of his finger. General Schoepf regards the position as secure. I am sending for- ward provisions and ammunition in addition to the supply taken by the troops. I thonght it more advisable, in the present confused state of the quartermasters department here, to remain at this post myself, sending forward Generals Schoepf and Carter, who are on the ground with 5,000 men. As soon as I can arrange matters here I will go for- ward myself Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. II. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Vols., Commanding. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Comdg. Dept of the Cumberland, Louisville, Ky Page 206 206 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 23, 1861. GENERAL: I wrote you on the 224, giving the substance of General Schoepts report of the events of the 21st at Ilockeastle Hills. I have just received another dispatch from him, in which he reports that his scouts had just returned and report the enemy have fully retreated in the direction of London. Our loss is ascertained to~be 4 killed and 18 wounded. On examination of the battle ground I set the enemys loss down at 30 killed, with a large wounded listthe latter taken by them off the field (as I learn from an intelligent citizen in the vicinity), except 3, who were brought into our camp and properly cared for; 1 since dead. Our wounded are doing well. The 3 prisoners, all examined separately by myself, gave the same statement relative to the strength of the enemy, viz, about 7,000. The enemy fought well, approaching to within about fifty yards of our muskets with shouts and cheers, which were promptly responded to by our men, under the immediate command of Colonels Coburn and Wolford. In the pocket of one of the wounded prisoners was found a letter to the commander of a secession Tennessee regiment, urging him to send forward his regiment to the relief of General Zollicoffer. I have just learned from a citizen on the route of the retreating enemy that they acknowledged a loss of 100 killed. I shall begin to move the depot to-morrow as far to the front as Crab Orchard, and advance troops to or beyond London as soon as I pos- sibly can. Although I have sufficient ammunition for a battle, I would be obliged if you will have my requisition of the 12th instant filled and sent forward as soon as ppssible. I find a rumor in the papers that General Lee will supersede ZollicofThr. If he does, I should wish to be prepared for him fully. The canister and grape have reached ~here to- night, and I will forward them to-morrow. The contractors, Theodore Cornstock, of Columbus, Ohio, and Heil- debach, Seasongood & Co., of Cincinnati, have violated their contracts, copies of which I inclose, as well as copies of my letters to them. The man Comstock had money placed in the hands of Jones Brothers & Co., to be paid to him as soon as his overcoats were received, yet lie has never delivered the five hundred. The Cincinnati firm furnished a few things, but have failed to deliver anything since the 18th. I fear from what I can learn that they were led away from the path of common honesty by the tempting offer of the governor of Ohio. He pays them $10 for each overcoat. I hope I have your authority for publishing their names in the Cincinnati papers. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Bri~qadier- General, U. & Vols. Brig. Gen. W. T. SIIERMNN, Gomndg. Dept of the Cumberland. No. 2. 1?eports of Brig. Gem. A. Sehoepf, U. S. Army. CAMP ON HOCKOASTLE RIVER, October 22, 1861. SIR: I sent up this morning all the spare wagons on hand. Please send me supplies of provisions of all kinds. I sent an express to your headqu~rters yesterday, with a roug Page 207 ChAP. XII.1 ACTION AT ROCKCASTLE HILLS, KY., ETC. 207 pencil note of the events of the day. The enemy has not since pre- sented himself. I sent out scouts this morning to ascertain his where- abouts. These scouts have since returned, and report that the enemy have fully retreated in the direction of London. Our loss yesterday is ascertained to be 4 killed and 18 wounded. On examination of the battle ground I set the enemys loss down at 30 killed, with a large wounded list, the latter taken by them oft the field (as I learn from an intelligent citizen in the vicinity), except 3, which were brought into our camp and properly cared for~ one since died. Our wounded are doing well. These prisoners, all examined separately by myself, gave the same statement relative to the strength of the enemy, viz, aboat 7,000. The enemy fought well, approaching to within about 50 yards of our muskets with shouts and cheers, which were promptly responded to by our men, under the immediate command of Colonels Coburn and Wolford. I yesterday asked for artillery ammunition and caps for rifles, to which I would now add a further supply of musket cartridges and caps. The troops now en route for this camp will be held on the opposite side of the river for the present. I can hold my position with my present force against an equal or superior number, should the enemy again attack. I will await further orders before following the enemy. In the pocket of one of the wounded prisoners was found a letter to the commander of a Tennessee (secession) regiment, urging him to send forward his regiment to the relief of General Zollico er. Respectfully submitted. A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. Brig. Gen. GEORGE II. ThOMAS, Commanding First Kentucky Brigade, Camp Dick Robinson. P. S.I have just learned fro~ a citizen on the route of the retreat- in g enemy that they acknowledge a loss of 100 killed. HDQRS. CAMP WILDCAT, October 23, 1831. GENERAL: I have reliable information that the enemy have retreated to Laurel Bridge, 9 miles south of London, and are moving southward. 1 have conversed with intelligent persons from the vicinity of London, thence to Cumberland Gap, and am of the opinion that I can advance to that point (Cumberland Gap) and scatter the forces of Zollicoffer en route, and by turning the Gap get and hold possession of it, and per- haps the great railroad from Richmond, Va., and Manassas to Memphis and the South. Shall I do it Gi Should such movement meet your approval, I would suggest that all the re-enforcements which can pos- sibly be spared from Camp Dick Robinson be sent forward, a depot of supplies (on a small scale) be established at Crab Orchard, and a similar one at Wild Cat (my present position), upon which I could fall back in case of an emergency. I am credibly informed that supplies can be obtained for my present (or larger) force between this point and Cum- berland Gap. Hon. Mr. Maynard, of Tennessee, is of this opinion. I shall await your orders. I have the honor to be genera], respectfully, your obedient servant, A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. General GEORGE II. THOMAS, Commanding Brigade, & e Page 208 208 OPERATIOTS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. No. 3. Report of Cot. John Coburn, Thirty-third Indiana Ii4fantry. IIDQRS. THIRTY-THIRD PEG-T INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Camp Wildcat, Ky., October 2~, 1861. SIR: In pursuance of your orders to take pOSSeSSIOn of and OCCUPY an eminence on the east of this encampment, on the morning of the 21st of October I took Company ID, Captain McCrea; Company 1, Captain ilauser; Company E, Captain Hendricks, and Company U, Captain Dille, of the Thirty-third Indiana, comprising in all 33() men. The companies were immediately deployed around the hill as skir- mishers. In less than 20 minutes the rebels, who were concealed in the woods, commenced firing, when at almost the first fire Private McFerran, of Company ID, was killed. In 10 minutes more the enemy appeared in front of our position to the south at a distance of half a mile in the valley. They were in large numbers, and were over halt an hour in passing by an open space in the woods, when they formed again in line. They soon came near us under cover of a wood, which en- tirely concealed their approach until we were apprised of their presence by the firing of musketry. At this time we were re-enforced by a portion of the Kentucky cavalry, dismounted~ under Colonel Wolford, about 250 strong, who immediately formed and took part in the engage- ment. The firing at this time was very severe, which caused the cavalry to waver and retreat. They were soon, however, rallied and formed again in order, and fought with good spirit. The enemy engaged was composed of a I)ortion of General Zollicoffers command, and consisted of two regjments of Tennesseeans, under the command of Colonels Newman and Cummings. They ~dziarged up the hill upon us, and were met by a galling and deadly fire, which wounded an(l killed many of them. The front of their column approached within a few rods of us with their bayonets fixed, declaring themselves Uiiion men~~ and all right, at the next moment leveling their guns at us and firing. After being engaged nearly an hour the enemy retreated, bearing off a por- tion of their dead and wounded and their arms. Our men have buried rtheir dead left on the field and taken the wounded to our hospitals. Thirty corpses have been found up to this time. A large number of their wounded and dead were carried off in their wagons. It is safe to estimate the loss of the enemy at least 100 killed. The bravery of the Thirty-third Indiana was well tested in this en- gagement. I am happy to state that universal courage, cheerfulness, and promptness marked their whole actions during the entire engage- ment. Too much praise cannot be given to the brave Captain Ilauser, who continued fighting at the head of his men upon the brow of the hill until disabled by a wound. He, however, continued on the field during the day, doing his duty nobly. Captain McCrea, with his men, held a small breastwork, and did fearful execution upon the enemy. Captain Dille was active in rallying the men and urging on the fight in all parts of the field. Captain Hendricks, with coolness and courage, kept his nien to their places, and fought without slackening his fire during the engagement. I cannot omit mentioning the bold and active Adjutant Durham, who was wherever duty called him. Lieutenants Maze and Scott were marked for their heroic bearing. About the close of the engagement four companies of the Seventeenth Ohio, Colonel Council, came upon the hill and formed in line of battle. Company E, Captain Fox; Company C, Captain Haines; Company K Page 209 CHAP. XII.] ACTION AT ROCKOASTLE hILLS, KY., ETC. 209 Captain Rca, and Company I-I. Captain Whissen, took their positions with promptness, eager for the fray, under the command of Maj. Durbia Ward, of that regiment. They remained on the field during the day and night, and assisted in completing the fortifications. About 2 oclock p. m. we were again attacked. At this time the Fourteenth Ohio, Col- onel Steedman, appeared upon the field. Company C, Capt. J. W. Brown, of the Fourteenth, immediately formed and o~pened upon the enemy, and this company, with others, also assisted in completing the fortifications. Afterwards Company G, Captain Eckles, and Company B, Captain Kirk, of the same regiment, caine to our assistance. At 1() oclock at night Lieutenant Sypher, of Captain Standarts Ohio battery, came on the hill, and on an. alarm fired three rounds. They were the last shots fired. At about 2 oclock in the morning we heard sounds which betokened a movement of General Zollicoffers army. It proved to be a retreat. From a prisoner I have ascertained that his command consisted of two Tennessee regiments, two Mississippi and two Alabama regiments, together with a regiment of cavalry and a battery of six pieces of artillery. The number of onr loss is as follows: Company D, 1 killed and 5 wounded; Company I, 1 killed and 10 wounded, 3 mor- tally. Colonel Wolford lost 1 killed and 11 wounded. The forces now on the hill are in good spirits and ready for further service. In conclusion, I must coinmejid the coolness, courage, and manliness of Colonel Wolford, who rendered most valuable assistance to me during the day. Yours, truly, JOHN COBURN, Colonel Thirty-third Regiment indiana Volunteers. General A. SCIIOEPF, Commanding Brigade. No. 4. Report of General A. S. Johnston, C. S. Army. BOWLING GREEN, October 21, 1861. General Zollicoffer telegraphs to-day from London, Ky., as follows One Ohio regiment said to be 12 miles distant; another regiment of the enemy ~ few miles beyond. I will feel of them to-day with two regiments and some cavalry. My force here is about 5,400. The above is the dispatch from intelligent gentlemen. I learned the day before yesterday that 6,000 men at Camp Dick Robinson had an advanced force of 4,000 towards Cumberland Gap under Garrard and. from the camp stretching back to Cincinnati 10,000 more. I have no means of adding to Zollicoffers force at present, important as I think it.. A. S. JOHNSTON, General.. S. COOPER, Adjutant- General. No. ~. Reports of Brigadier- General P. K. Zollicoffer, C. S. Army, inetuding operations October 1626, with correspondence. CAMP NEAR ROCKCASTLE RIVER, October 20, 1861. SIR: I have advanced 4 miles north of London, under disability to an embarrassing extent for want of subsistence and transportation. 14 R RVOL I Page 210 210 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XTL The country is very poor indeed. The enemy occupy a strong position 8 miles ahead. We had a skirmish between pickets day before yester- day, in which we killed 1 man and captured another. We lost yest.er- clay 1 man killed. We had a force yesterday 3 or 4 miles ahead, but, for wmt of water, subsistence, forage, and transportation (our wagons having been by an accident detained at and near London), had to return here to camp. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLJCOFFE~, Brigadier- General. Lieut. Col. W. W. MACKALL, Assistant Adjutant- General. CA~w FLAT LICK, KNOX COUNTY, October 24, 1861. On the 21st I reached the enemys intreuched camp, on liockcastle Hills, a natural fortification, almost inaccessible. Having reconnoitered in force under heavy tire for several hours from heights on the iiglit, left, and in front, I became satisfied that it could not be carried other- wise than by irumens e exposure, if at all. The enemy received large re-enforcements. Our loss was 42 wounded and 11 killed and missing. We captured 21 prisoners, about 100 guns, and 4 horses. The loss of the enemy in killed and wounded unknown. The country is so poor we had exhausted the forage on the road for 15 miles back in twenty-four hours. Our subsistence nearly exhausted. Under these circumstances I deemed it proper the next (lay to fall back. Enemys camp said to be 7,000 strong, with large reserves near at hand. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. Lieutenant-Colonel MACKALL Assistant Adjutant-General, Bowling Green, Ky. CAMP AT FLAT LICK, KNOX COUNTY, KENTUCKY, Via Knoxville, October 26, 18G1. On the 21st I reached the enemys intrenched camp on IRockeastle Hills, a natural fortification, almost inaccessible. Having reconnoitered it in force under heavy fire for several hours from heights on the right, left, and in front, I became satisfied that it could not be carrie(i other- wise than by immense exposure, if at all. The enemy received large re-enforcements. Our loss was 42 wounded and 11 killed and missing. We captured 21 prisoners, about 100 guns, and 4 horses. The loss of the enemy in killed and wounded unknown. The country is so poor we had exhausted the forage along the road for 15 miles back in twenty-four hours. Our subsistence nearly cx- hausted. Under these circumstances 1 deemed it proper the next day to fall back. Enemys camp said to be 7,000 strong, with large reserves near at hand. F. K. ZOLLICOFFER. Adjutant General COOPER Page 211 CHAP. XII.] ACTION AT ROCKCASTLE hILLS, KY., ETC. 211 BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Buckner, October 26, 1861. SIR: I have information that the enemy were nine regiments at Rock- castle ilills. They are thought to have large re-enforcements close at hand. The country is very poor generally between here and there, par- tienlarly beyond London. 1 learn that some signs of trouble are again arising in East Tennessee, as the impression increases~that the enemy is soon to advance in force. The new levies I learn come in slowly. Could General William II. Caswell, who re& ntly resigned when the Tennessee regiments were transferred, have a commission it would greatly promote the public interest, He has been very efficient in ad- vising me to dispose matters properly in East Tennessee since I have been in Kentucky. He is a true gentleman, of high courage, sound sense, exemplary habits, and of popularity worth much in the present condition of affairs in East Tennessee. The Log Mountains, between here and Cumberland Gap, will soon, I learn, become almost impassable. The road is now very bad. There is reason to suppose the enemy may advance by way of Jamestown, 120 miles below here, instead of by this route. I have seven cavalry eoml)anies watching that route~ no infantry or artillery, two regiments there having been ordered away by General Johnston. If I get news of their approach in that direction I will proceed as rapidly as possible to meet them, and have already collected some stock of commissary stores in that neighborhood. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFEII, Brigadier. General. Adjt. Gen. S. COOPER, Richmond, Va. CAMP BUCKNER, October 26, 1861. I have fallen back to this position. I am reliably informed that there were nine regiments of the enemy at Rockeastle Hills on the 21st. Un- certain news that they were to camp at Laurel Bridge last night. Think there is danger they may advance by Jamestown, 120 miles from here. I have seven cavalry companies there; no infaimtry or artillery, Stanton and Murray being removed. Colonel Churchwell, at the gap, reports three 8-inch howitzers in position, but that the ordnance stores sent with them are totally insufficient, the shells not filled, & c. I fear we have no powder to fill them. Two Parrott guns have reached Knox- ville and are ordered on. We much need an ordnance and competent engineer officer. F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. Lieutenant-Colonel MACKALL. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Ten Mile, October 16, 1861. General W. 11. CASWELL, or Col. W. B. WOOD, Knoxville, Tenn.: Being much embarrassed for want of transportation in some of the regiments and battalions, we made a march of only 10 miles to-day. Letters from Colonel Stanton and Major Bridgman, dated 11th and 12th, received this evening. They both think the enemy has retired fro Page 212 212 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CIIA1~. XII. Albany towards Columbia or Camp Dick liOl)inSOll. My plan to get behiud them and cut them off may be defeated; but Stantons regiment has now left for Bowling Green, and Bridgman returned to Post Oak Springs. What has become of the two companies of Colonel Brazel- tons battalion or of Captain Bledsoes company neither explains. Per- haps the latter is with Colonel Murrays regiment at Camp Myers, in Overton County. This retiring of our forces may iudnce the Lincoln forces to return again. 1 wish the subsistence supply mentioned hereto- fore taken to Jamestown by the 25th instant; and you will order those cavalry companies to rendezvous in that neighborhood at the same time, that the subsistence stores may not be exposed. I must ask you to transmit from Knoxville the necessary orders to insure this and the inclosed letter to Colonel Murray. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. [Inclosure.l BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Ten Mile, Ky., October 16, 1861. Colonel MURRAY, Camp ]Jfyers: SIR: I am 10 miles on the march toward a camp of the enemy on Rock- castle River, having left Cumberland Ford this evenino with the greater part of my command. I learned that the enemy at Albany has retired. My plan has been to fall in their rear and cut them off. Now that Col- onel Stanton and our cavalry have left the neighborhood of Jamestown, the enemy may return in force near the line. I have ordered stores of subsistence for my troops to be placed at Jamestown by the 25th instant, and have ordered the same cavalry companies to return to that neigh- borhood almost the same time, to prevent the enemy from seizing and appropriating the stores. Perhaps the cavalry from above would not be sufficient to prevent an incursion. I expect to pass down by Somerset and Monticello or by Columbia and Burkesville, in the hope of capturing any forces they may be threatening your position with. As secrecy is the element of success, I must beg of you not to mention to any solitary person this enterprise. My object in writing to you is to ask you, about the 25th, to move in such a way as to insure, by the aid of the cavalry, the safety of the stores, until I can reach the neighborhood. Inform General Casweli at Knoxville what you can do, and he will communicate with me. Very respectfully, I. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. BOWLING GREEN, October 21, 1861. General ZOLLICOFFEIL: GENERAL: Your telegram fronm London received. The information we have of the enemy in yonr front is this: 10,000 at Camp Dick Rob- inson; of these 4,000 are in advance towards Cumberland Gap, but how far is not known; it is commanded by Garrard; and 10,000 dotted from Robinson to Cincinnati. General Polk ordered 2 howitzers, 1 Parrott, and 3 iron guns to be shipped for you to Knoxville October 15. A com- pany to man this battery will be sent in a few days. W. W. MACKALL, Assistant Adjutant- General Page 213 CHAP. XILI ACTION AT ROCKCASTLE HILLS, KY., ETC. 213 CAMP PEn SULPHUR, October 22, 1861. General F. K. ZOLLICOFFER: DEAR SIR: I am in receipt of yours of 16th instant. I am much pleased to learn that you are moving in direction of the interior of Ken- tucky. We are to-day within 32 miles of Burkesville; will reach and capture the Federal forces there by the 25th of this instant. We will then move to Albany by the 26th of this instant. Will you inform me of your position at Albany, as I will wait at that point for orders from you ~ I have no fears of our success at Burkesville. In the mean time our forces will prevent the Federal forces from capturing your 5UpJ)lie5 at Jamestown. Yours shall be strictly confidential. I am, your obedient servant, JOHN P. MURRAY, Golonci Twenty-eighth Regiment Tennessee Volunteers. No. 6. Report of Gol. Taz. W. Newman, AS1eeenteenth Tennessee infantry. IN EAR ROCKUASTLE HEIGIITS, October 21, 1861. As ordered, I formed my regiment from hill-top to hill-top at open intervals to move in rear of Colonel ~~jfl~~ regiment and support him. Lieutenant-Colonel Miller was ordered to take command of the left wing, composed of Companies A, D, F, and I, commanded by Captains iloyle, Fiiich, Hunter, and Mathews, and for the movements of said companies upon the field I refer you to the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Miller, which is hereto appended and made a part of my report.* The six companies, viz, B, C, E, G, TI, and K, commanded by Captains Marks, MeDearman, and Armstrong, and Lieutenants Davis, ilolden, and Harrison, constituting the right wing, were undet my immediate command, and moved forward in line of battle in the direction of the heights in front of our position. Upon reaching a point within eighty yards of the heights, we (lis- covered a number of men ascending the heights and entering the forti- fications, but supposing these nen to be a portion of Colonel Rains command, I did not order them to be fired upon. At this point we received a heavy volley of rifles and musketry. The command moved on, howevcr, without returning the fire, until within forty paces of the enemy~s works, before we discovered they were not Colonel Rains men, at which time the men were ordered to cover as well as they could and to return the enemys fire. In this position we maintained a heavy fire for twenty-five minutes, when I ordered Captain Armstrong and Lieutenant Harrison to move their companies around to my extreme right, to prevent a flank movement of the enemy, which I saw they were about to make. These officers executed the order with promptness and alacrity under fire. The fire was kept up by all the companies for an hour and ten minutes, and seeing that it was iml)os- sible to fall back without great loss, I ordered the works to be charged. Four companies gallantly charged the works as ordered, officers and men seemingly vicing with each other as to who should be first to reach the works of the enemy. After the fortification was reached, and many of my men had got within the works, driving the enemy from the first parallel, not receiv * Not found Page 214 214 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XH. ing any support, and being nearly destitute of cartridges, I ordered my command to fall back, which it did in good order. While this was being executed the other two companies maintained their position as ordered. I take pleasure in stating that the officers and men all acted with great coolness and firmness, such as would do credit to veteran troops, and for more than an hour sustained a heavy fire. Killed, 11; wounded, 34. All of which is respectfully submitted. TAZ. W NEWMAN, Colonel Comdg. Seeenteenth Regiment Tennessee Volunteers. F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier-General, (Jonnnanding. OCTOBER 23, 1861.Skirmish at West Liberty, Ky. Report of Brig. Gen. William Nelson, U. S1 Army. CAMP WADswORTH, Hazel Green, Ky., October 24, 1861 SIR: For the information of the general commanding, I have to report that on the 22d I ordered Colonel Harris, of the Second Ohio iReghnent, and one section of Konkles light battery, and Laughlins company of cavalry, to move on West Liberty from the camp at McCormicks Gap. The morning of the 23d I marched with the Twenty-first Ohio Volun- teers, under Colonel Norton, and Thirty-third Ohio Volunteers, nuder Colonel Sill, and four guns, and the train towards this place. I left the Twenty-first Regiment, the train, and one section of artillery on the Blackwater to follow me, and pushed on. Major Robinson, of the Thirt~y-third, with two companies, had marched the night previous, arrived here at four in the morning of the 23d, and made a complete surprise, capturing several of the most notorious secessionists in this vicinity. The march of Colonel Harris on West Liberty was resisted by some hundreds, under a Captain May, but lie drove them easily, and entered the town at 8.30 oclock. He found a number of Union men coniined in the jail and released them. I will await the arrival of my train at this point. I am now in pos- session of both roads, amid will move on to Prestonburg as ral)idly as possible. Very re~pectfnlly, W. NELSON, Brigadier-General. OCTOBER 24, 1861.Attack on Camp Joe Underwood, Ky. Report of Col. R. D. Allison, Twenty-fourth Tennessee infantry. HDQRS. TWENTY-FOURTH REGT TENN. VOLS., (Jane City, Ky., October 25, 1861. SIR: In compliance with your order, I left Cave City on the 23d in- smut at 4 p. m. for Camp Joe Underwood, a distance of 25 miles, with the following force: 250 infantry, Twenty-fourth Regiment Tennesse Page 215 ChAP. XII.] SKIRMISH AT SARATOGA, KY., ETC. 215 Volunteers; 120 Tennessee cavalry, under Captains Hamilton and Biffle, and one piece of artillery, under the command of Lieutenant and arrived at the camp of the enemy the next morning about 5 oclock. Our advance guard was fired upon by the enemys pickets, and a general skirmish ensued, when the entire force nuder my corn- mnand charged npon the camp, routing the enemy, capturing 14 prison- ers, 3 of whom were released upon a parole of honor by me; the others were delivered to you. A number of the enemy were wounded and several reported killed. - All the officers and men under my command acted bravely. We re- turned to Cave City on the 25th without the loss or injury of a man. The following contraband articles and property were captured, to wit: 1 gray horse, 11 muskets, 3 rifles, a small lot of ammnnition, 3 drum s,a lot of knives, & c., besides other articles that have never come into my possession. All of the above articles, & c., are subject to your order. Respectfully submitted. R. D. ALLISON, Colonel, Commanding. Major-General HARDEE. OCTOBER 23, 1831.Expedition to Eddyville and skirmish at Saratoga, Ky. T& EPOT~TS, ETC. No.1. Bri ~. Gen. C. F. Smith U S Army. No. 2.Maj. J. J. Phillips, Ninth Illinois Infantry. No. 3.Lient. S. L. Phelps, U. S. Navy. No. 4.Cox and Read, telegraph operators, to Major-General Polk, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. C. F. Smith, U. S. Army~ HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Paducah, Ky., October 31, 1861. SIR: Learning that a body of rebel cavalry were stationed at Sar- atoga, a small village about 4 miles from Eddyville, on the Cumberland River, and were harassing the loyal inhabitants, I detached on the steamer Lake Erie three companies of the Ninth Illinois Regiment (some 300 men), under command of Major Phillips, of the same regi- ment, to capture or destroy them. The U. S. gunboat Conestoga, Lient. S. L. Phelps commanding, accompanied the detachment and rendered efficient assistance. The party landed a few miles below Eddyville, and after a toilsome march of some 12 miles, the ground being broken and moo-ed made a surprise of the enemy, about 160 in number partial who were in line and dismounted. Major Phillips advanced upon them at a double-quick step, and after firing a volley charged with the bayo- net~, when the enemy broke and fled. The result was the killing of some 7 of the rebels, including their captain (Wilco~), at~d wounding others as they made off besides killing a number of valuable horses. Three of our party were severely thongh not dangerously wounded. Major Phillips reports the capture of 20-odd prisoners, 30 horses, 8 mules, 2 wagOns, with harness, saddles, bridles, & c., 30 muskets, several rifles and shot-guns. The expedition seems to have been conducted with good judgment Page 216 216 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CuAP. XII. spirit, and energy, and will no doubt have a good effect on the other side of the Cumberland. I inclose copies of the reports of Major Phillips and Lieutenant Phelps, commanding the Conestoga. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ ~ SMITH Brigadier- Genera 1, Commanding. The ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, llidqrs. Western Department, & tint Louis, Mo. No. 2. Report of Miaj. J. J. Phillips, Ninth illinois Infantry. HEADQUARTERS NINTH REGIMENT ILL. VOLS., Padueah, Ky., October 27, 1861. SIR: I have to report tha~t,in obedience to Special Orders, No. , viz: SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE U. S. FORCES, No. . Paducak, Ky., October 25, 1861. In obedience to Special Orders, No. 71, from headquarters, three full companies of the Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, under command of Major Phillips, 01 the Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, with rations for two days, will parade at General 8mii hs headquarters 15 mmnntes before 4 oclock p. in., for detached service. The command- ing officer will report in person to the commanding general for orders. By order of Brig. Gen. E. A. Paine: EMIL ADAM, Acting Assistant Adjatant- General, I left the headquarters of the Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers with three full companies of the Ninth Regiment, viz: Company B, Cap- tam Kueffner; Company II, Captaiu Armstrong; Company I, Cap- tain Robinson. Details were made from other companies in this regi- ment to supply the place of those on duty from said companies, to give each company the fall complement of men, aad were paraded at the hour specified in the order in front of the headquarters of Brigadier- General Smith, from whence, in obedience to his order, we marched aboard of the steamer Lake Erie, and left the wharf at Paducah at 4.30 oclock p. m. on the 25th instant, followed by the gunboat Conestoga, Captain Phelps commanding, to Smnithiand. At Smithiand the gunboat was sent in advance of the steamer Lake Erie up the Cumberland River to New Forge Landing, ilbout 45 miles from the mouth of the Cuinberland River, where we arrived about 3 a. m. of the 26th instant. The landing was effected with dispatch, Com- pany B in advance, followed by Company H, Company I bringing up the rear. Great precaution was taken to prevent the knowledge of the landing of troops being carried in advance of their march, and by tak- ing an unfrequented road we marched about 3 miles to a point almost due west from Eddyville, 3 miles distant. We then marched up the bed of a dry branch about 5 miles to the north, where we left the branch, and marched about 5 miles to the Princeton and Eddyville road, intersect- ing it at a point about 600 yar(Is north of the village of Saratoga, at which place we expected to find an encampment of rebel cavalry, under Cap- tain Wilcox. Our skirmishers succeeded in surrounding and capturing the rebel pickets without firing a gun, and the advance of our troop Page 217 ChAP. XII.] SKIRMISH AT SARATOGA, KY., ETC. 217 was unsuspected by the rebels until we wheeled in column in platoon in the lane in full view, 600 yards distant from their camp, at about 7 oclock a. m. They, to the nnmber of about 160 men, (Ii smounted, im mediately formed in line, awaiting our attack until we advanced within 200 yards of their line. We, when first coming in sight, having charged on them at the double-quick, they commenced an irregular fire when we were at the distance of 300 yards, but at our approach broke for their horses, though many took shelter behind fences, ttees, or houses. We charged to within 50 yards, halted, delivered a volley, and then charged bayonet, driving them from the houses and from their place of cover, and they then fled in every directionsome on foot, others on horseback. An occasional firing was kept up for half an hour or more. Six of their men were left dead and 1 mortally wounded. Several others were seen to ride off clinging to their horses, and were wounded. We took as prisoners Lieut. J. F. Gibson, A. N. Bosarth, Eli Dren- nan D W Gore W W Hampton, Morton Rucker, Samuel Pearce, Joseph Parsons, George M. Coffer, James H. Roberts, Washington iRucker, Leroy Watson, iR. F. Frezell, Robert L Beck, George E. Crum- bough, Joseph I. Hall, James S. Scott, E. Yion, James Glass, Andrew Duncan, and William Jinkins. We also captured at the camp of the rebels about 30 horses, 10 mules, about 40 saddles, about 30 bridles, S mule harness, 2 wagons, about 30 muskets, several rides, and several shot-guns. We also took as prisoners near the place of action James Stom, James N. Glasgow, and G. XV. Hyatt, who live near our line of march, to prevent their giving information and because of their avoxval of sympathy with the rebels. C. F. Jenkins, a notorious secessionist was arrested near, and he had a son in the encampment. We also found with them several negroes, viz, Charlie, Onell, Willis, Melton, Ben ,Jo, and Watson, all of whom and which we now have here. Our wounded were Captain Kueffuer, of Company B, slightly wounded with a buck-shot; Corporal Gribling, of Company B, severely with a buck-shot, and Private Gatewood, of Company K, who was serv- ing in Company H, severely wounded with a rifle ball. Among the killed of the rebels was Captain Wilcox, who commanded the coni- pany. Too much praise cannot be given the men for the spirit and energy with which they made the difficult and laborious march as well as their coolness and bravery during the fight and where praise is alike due to all it is difficult to discriminate. The commanding officer of the detach- ment is under great obligations to Captain Phelps, of the gunboat Con- estoga, for his assistance in facilitating the landing of the troops and captured property and prisoners. We arrived from Eddyville on the steamer Lake Erie and gunboat Conestoga, with prisoners and captured property, at Paducah at 8 oclock ~ m. of the 26th instant. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JESSE J. PHILLIPS, Major Ninth Illinois Volunteers. Lieutenant-Colonel MERSY, Commanding Ninth illinois Volunteers Page 218 218 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. (CHAP. XII. No. 3. report of Lient. S. L. Phc~ps, U. S. Nary. U. S. GUNBOAT (JONESTOG-A, Paducah, Ky., October 27, 1861. SIR: On the afternoon of the 25th instant, by order of General Smith, I left this place ill company with the steamer Lake Erie No. 2, on board of which were three companies of the Ninth lllinois iRegiment, under command of Major Phillips, and proceeded up the Cumberland iRiver npon an expedition to surprise a rebel camp near Eddyville, Ky., and have the honor to make known to you that the result was in the main successful. I proceeded, with Major Phillips on board, in advance to Smithiand, to procure guides and pilots, expecting that the transport would not approach the wharf boat; but the captain ran her to it, which rendered a change of plans necessary, and caused the force to reach the rebel camp at a later hour than was designed. The distance from Smithiand to Eddyville by land is not half that by water, and the rebels have a complete system of runners established in that section of country. The transport was therefore sent up the Ohio a few miles, and the Cones- toga followed an hour later, with two heavy barges in tow. These were cast off on reaching the transport, which was then taken in tow, with all lights out, fires screened, and engines stopped, by which precautions we succeeded in dropping down to Smithland and passing into the Cum- berland without it being in the darkness of the night suspected that we had the steamer in tow. The two boats, after passing np to a safe distance, made all speed up a narrow and crooked streaum, but did not reach and disembark the troops at the l)oint selected till 3.30 oclock a. m. I then had the transport moved to near the town and concealed behind a wooded point, while this boat was quietly anchored oft the main street, as had been done several times before in the past few weeks. As soon as I felt satisfied that Major Phillips had had time to reach the rebel camp, a march of 7 miles over an exceedingly rough country, and in lanes and foot-paths, and that information of the force was reach- ing the citizens, I threw a force on shore and snrrounded the town with picket guards, to l)revent the escape of rebel citizens or the entrance and concealment of refugees from the rebel camp. About 10 oclock a. m. Major Phillips reached town with a number of prisoners, horses, wagons, arms, & c. He had got to within 400 yards of the enemy after daylight before being discovered, when the rebels formed in line. Our troops were moved at a double-quick to withiu 100 yards, when they delivered their fire and charged bayonets on the rebels, who broke and fled in every direction, leaving 7 killed 011 the field. Two of our soldiers were severely wounded and 1 or 2 slightly, among these a captain of a company. I seized a fiat-boat belonging to a noted secessionist of Eddyville, and it was freighted with the l)risoners and plunder and towed to this place. The horses arid mules were first placed on the wharf boat at the town, also secession property, but it was found to be too leaky and rotten for towing, when the animals were put ou board the transport and 100 of the troops transferred to the Conestoga. There were taken in the rebel camp and brought to this place, which we reached last evening, 24 pris- oners, 7 negroes, 34 horses, 11 mules, 2 transport wagons, a large nu Page 219 CHAP. XII.] SKIRMISH AT AND NEAR WOODBURY, KY., ETC. 219 ber of saddles, muskets, rifles, shot-guns, sabers, knives, & c. A num- ber of valuable horses were unavoidably killed in the skirmish at the camp. Eddyville is 62 miles from Paducab, and the camp was 4 miles back of the town, at a place known as Saratoga Springs, and we were absent from Paducah 29 hours. Major Phillips and the volunteers deserve the greatest credit for this successful daylight surprise. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, S. L. PHELPS, Lieutenant- Commander, U. S. Nary. Capt. A. 11. FOOTE, U Commanding Naval Forces Western Rivers. No. 4. Report of Gox and Read, telegraph operators, to Major- General Polk, (3. S. Army. CLARKSVILLE, October 28, 1861. G. W. llillrnan, of this place, just returned from Eddyville, Ky., re- ports 400 Lincoln troops left gunboat below Eddyville Saturday moru- ing last, aiA surprised Captain Wilcox and company of 60 men, while they were at breakfast, 4 miles north of Eddyvilie, killing 4 men and 10 horses. Number of prisoners taken was not known when iullman and Captain Wilcox left. COX AND HEAD, Operators. OCTOBER 2931, 1861.Skirmishes at and near Woodbury and Norgan town, Ky. I~EPORTS. No. 1.Col. S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky Volunteers. No. ~2.Co1. John H. MeHenry, jr., Kentucky Volunteers. No. 3.Maj. James Hagan, Mississippi Cavalry. No. 4.Capt. Thomas Lewers, Mississippi Cavalry. No. 1. Report of Col. S. U. Barbridge, Kentucky Volunteers. CAMP SILAS MILLER, KY., October 31, 1861. DEAR SIR: Below I submit an official report of the battle at Wood- bury, Butler County, Kentucky, on Tuesday, the 29th instant, at 6 p. in.: Having received intelligence from Colonel Mdllenry that the enemy were in force not far distant, on the south side of [Green 0?] iRiver, and meditating an attack npon his force at Camp Galloway (Hartford, Ky.), we went forward on Sunday morning, at 9.30 oclock, with 125 inf~ntry, 100 cavalry, and two 6-pounders, under Captain Somerby, to re-enforce Colonel Mdllenry, and reach[ed~ his camp after a march of 30 miles over rough roads on Sunday night and then encamped, and on Monday morning, joined by Colonel Mellenry, with 125 strong, we resumed our line of march in the direction of Morgantown, and encamped about 1 Page 220 220 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. miles from Hartford, and near Cromwell, on the river above mentioned, and sent ont our scouts to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy, thinking to attack them before daylight Tuesday morning. Our sconts, however, failed to return in time to carry into effect our original plan. A small portion of Captain Breathitts company of cavalry, under Colonel Mdllenry, with his force crossed the river and proceeded to Morgantown, where they encountered the enemys ~pickets, and in the engagement Colonel Mdllenry lost 1 man, but wounded several of the pickets, all of whom, however, made their escape. In the mean time I had ordered Captain Netter to join my command at Cromwell, but failing to make the junction, he crossed the river at and passed Morgantown in the direction of the enemys retreat, and about 1 mile distant from the town came upon the enemys pickets, who had been re-enforced to 60 strong, and with 20 men made battle, kill- ing 6 of the enemy, without the loss of a single man. In the mean time I moved the main body of my force over a mount- ainous and by a circuitous route, some 20 or 30 miles up the river to Woodbury, and there found the enemy encamped upon a summit com- manding the surrounding neighborhood. They immediately formed in line of battle, but were soon thrown into consternation and dismay by a few rounds from one of Somerbys 6-pounders. In the mean time a detachment was below after the ferry flat, the only means of transport across the river, and it was on the opposite side and in possession of the rebel pickets. They were engaged by Lieutenant Ashly, and those that were not killed were driven back an(l the ferry captured, and soon brought into action Captain Belt, with 85 infantry, supported by Cap- tain Shacklett, with 25 men; and Captain Porter, with time same number of Home Guards, was ordered over time river with one piece of artillery, under the immediate fire of the enemy. Our small-arms in the mean time were playing upon the enemy destructively. The effort was an entire success. Captain Belt took position on an(l occupied the enemys battle ground (they having fallen back), which overlooked their encampments. A few shells were sent into their tents, and then charged by Captain Belt with bayonets, the enemy scattering in confusion and consternation, leaving behind them sonmething like 50 killed, while others were wounded. A number of small-arms and shot- guns were [found ?J, and 4 or 5 horses were the trOI)hiCS taken, with 2 prisoners, whom I send to you hy the bearer of this letter. Their tents, baggage train, magazines, & c., were destroyed Learning that they had been re-enforced amid were about to cut off Mdllenrys retreat, we took up our line of march in double-quick and l)roceeded to join Mellenry, l~ miles west of Morgantown, and made a stand for the enemy, but finding it was not their intentioim to attack us we fell back, crossed our forces over the river, and en camped rat] Crom- wells Ferry. It is due here to mention that we were joined by 150 Home Guards, who came to the rescue nobly, but disappeared at the approach of dan- ger. Our men, from the greatest to the least, behaved miobly aIm(l fought bravely. It would be an idle pastime to eulogize their conduct and bravery. The rebels engaged were Mississippians, Alab amia us, and Georgiamms. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. G. BUIIBRTDGE, Colonel, Commanding Kentucky Volunteers. Brigadier-General SIIERMAN, Louisrille, Ky Page 221 CHAP. XII.] SKIRMISH AT AND NEAR WOODBURY, KY., ETC. 221 No. 2. Report of Gol. Joint H. ]Jlcffenry, Jr., Kentucky Volunteers. CROMWELL, OHIO COLTNTY, KENTUCKY, On Green River, November 3, 1861. SIR: On Taesday, 29th instant, hearing that the enemy had en- camped 140 cavalry at Woodhury, a point on Green River 25 miles above here, Col. S. G. Burbridge, with 2 pieces of artillery, 100 infantry, and 100 cavalry, went up Green River on north side. 1, in command of 100 men, under Captains Morton and Whittinghill, penetrated 7 miles on the south side of the river, where we met a scouting party, 14 in nnmber, of the enemy, who fired on my men, killing 1 and slightly wounding 2 others. We killed 1 man and wonnded 4 others. Captain Netter, of Colonel Bnrbridges regiment, with 20 men, ad- vanced 1 mile farther, again met a small party and drove them back, with a reported. loss of 2 men. Colonel Burbridge in the mean time arrived at Woodbnry and fired npon the enemy with his artillery. They immediately fled, leaving everything behind them. Colonel Bur- bridge destroyed their tents and joined the force nnder my command at Morgantown. We, fearing a re-enforcement from the enemy, re- crossed the river at this point. On Thursday, 31st instant, the enemy, abont 200 strong, attacked the Home Gnards, nnmbering about 30 men, and one company, nnder Cap- tain Whittinghill, at this point, bnt by the gallant conduct of Captaiu Porter, with some 20 men, they were driven from the river, with three bnggy loads of killed and wounded, we sustaining no damage. Cap- taut Whittinghill was not at his post, and Lieutenant Rogers, with a few men, stood against the enemy and fought bravely until every one of them had disappeared. Colonels Jackson and Burbridge imme- diately came to my relief from Owensborough, to which place Colonel Burbridge had retired, and they are now encamped 6 miles from this l)lace, on the Hartford road. Three hundred cavalry apl)eared in Rochester, 15 miles below here, on the 1st instant, bnt had retired at l:mst accounts. Reliable information reached me that a considerable force of the enemy, nnmberin~ 3 000 had left Bowling Green in this b direction on the 30th, and I have reason to believe will attempt by a rapid movement to destroy my camp ~t Hartford amid get possession of the Government stores at that place. An item of information reached me that the rebels had issued a proc- lamation at Bowling Green, calling upon the citizens of Warren Coanty for 400 wagons and teams, and that their whole force had fallemi back to this l)lace. I take this method of expressing my gratitnde to Colonels Jackson and Bnrbridge for the promptness and zeal with which they responded to my appeal, and to Colonel Burbridge for the bravery, discretion, and energy displayed by him in routing the enemy front Woodbury. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN II. MoHENRY JR, Colonel, Kentucky ~olunteers. General W. T. SHERMAN Page 222 222 OPERATIONS iN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. No. 3. Reports of Maj. James Ha yam, Mississippi Cavalry. LITTLE MUDDY CHURCH CAMP, October 31, 1861. GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, in accordance with orders from headquarters, I left Bowling Green at 10 p. m. 29th instant, in command of a detachment of the Adams Cavalry. On my route during the night I met several detached. parties, composing the command of Captain Lewers, all of whom gave such alarming accounts of the numn- bers of the enemy that it induced me to proceed with caution. I met Captain Lewers, who informed me he had abandoned his camp at Woodbury. I encamped for a few hours, with a view of resting men and horses and obtaining information, but could hear nothing but vague reports of a large force of the enemy having crossed the river, and were occupying Woodbury and Morgantown. I proceeded to- wards the former place. As I approached I met numbers of the inhabitants abandoning their homes. On my entrance, I made such disposition of my force as would enable me to discover the presence ot the enemy without endangering the safety of my command, and proceeded in this manner through the town and immediate vicinity without opposition. I then learned that the enemy had left the night previous, taking the direction to Morgantown. This force was esti- mated at from 150 to 200 men, with two pieces of artillery. After securing the camp and garrison equipage left by Captain Lewers, and Or(lering back my wagons to this point, I proceeded in pursuit of the eueuty. As I approached Morgantown it became evident from the indications that the enemy were probably in position on the ground occupied by them in the affair with Captain Lewers. A reconnaissance of the hill, however, satisfied me that they had again retreated. I then entered 1miorgantown without opposition, and learned that a force of 400 to 450 infantry had crossed the river at Boras Ferry and occupied that town for a few hours; that this force, with the detachment that had crossed at Woodbury, had left the town the night previous, with the intention of recrossing at Boras Ferry. After satisfying myself that there was no opposing force in the immediate vicinity of the town, I returned to camp, which 1 reached at 9 oclock last night. Th eforce which crossed at Woodbury was commanded by a Colonel Burbridge; that which occupied Morgantown, by a Colonel Mellenry. From my present knowledge of the movements and position of the enemy I will consider the original order to thoroughly search the bend of the river as still in force, which I hope will meet with your approval. I will therefore proceed this morning on that duty, and will probably encamp to-night near Morgantown. I would here remark that the people generally in this section of the country are either sympathizers of the Lincoln Government, or so indifferent to ours that relia tide in- formation is difficult to obtain. I would beg to state that in our operations of yesterday, when on several occasions, where a collision with the enemy was momentarily expected, both officers and men behaved with the greatest coolness and gallantry. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES HAGAN. Major, Commanding. To Major-General HARDEE Page 223 CHAP. XII.] SKIRMISH AT AND NEAR WOODBURY, KY., ETC. 223 CAMP, Norember 2, 1861. GENERAL: On the 31st ultimo I left my camp at the Muddy Creek Church and proceeded to Morgantown, where I left my wagons. I then directed my course to Boras Ferry, in the Big Bend of Green River, which I reached about 4 p. m. Some distance this side of the ferry I halted, and detailed 30 men, under Captain Harrison, of the Tensas cavalry (dismounted), with orders to approach the ferry under cover of some buildings, and, if possible, take possession of the ferry- boat. Captain H. discovered that the enemy was on the opposite side of the river, with a guard of some 40 or 50 men. The moment our party was observed the enemy opened fire, which was promptly re- turned by us. The firing now became quite lively and lasted for about fifteen minutes, when the enemy rapidly retired from the banks of the river. During the engagement a force of about 100 men were evidently opposed to us. I re-enforced Captain Harrison by 30 more dismounted troopers, under Captain Phillips, of the Onachita Rangers. Lieutenant bane, commanding the Yicksburg company, I ordered to our left, to meet some men who were observed to escape in that direction. A portion of Captain Ravesies company, with a detachment of Captain Lewers company, were ordered to the rear, under Lieutenant Cole to prevent surprise from that direction. Captain Ravesies, with the bal- ance of his company, dismounted and took an active l)art in the affair. Four of the enemy were observed to fall during the action an(l several more retired evidently badly wounded. On our part, I regret to state that three of our men were wounded, two severely and one slightly. I procured conveyances for the wounded, and returned to Morgantown, which we reached about 10 p. in., and enca~nped there for the night. On yesterday I intended going to Rochester, but learned from reliable sources that a force of mounted men had been detached on that service. I have to report that there is no opposing force on this side of the river. It is reported, however, that a Colonel Hawkins, with a com- mand of 800 meii, tlireateus to cross and possess themselves of some point. The people are generally much opposed to our presence, and ren- der assistance, either by information or supplies, with great reluctance. My men and horses, by our rapid marches and irregular supplies, are nearly worn-out. I have therefore determined on returning to our camp at Bowling Green, when I will report in person at headquarters. I beg to express my acknowledgments to Captains Harrison, Phillips, Ravesies, and Lieutenant (commanding) Roane, and the officers and men under their command, for their prompt and energetic co-operation during the scout, and particularly for their coolness and gallantry during the affair at the ferry. Mi~. Warren Hines, our guide, also ren- dered faithful and valuable services, and I recommend him particularly to your notice. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES HAGAK, Major, Commanding Detachment Adams Cavalry. Maj. Gen. HARDEE, Comdg. First Div. Central Army of Kentucky. No. 4. Report of Capt. Thomas Lewers, Mississippi 61avalry. BOWLIMI~ GREEN, Ky., October 30, 1861. SIR: I have the honor herewith to submit the following report of th Page 224 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. 224 affair ~f yesterday between a Federal force and my command in the im- mediaLe vicinity of Woodbury: My command had been, as usual, diligently employed in scouting the country adjacent to Morgantown, the ferries, and the Bend of Green River, near Woodbury, with a view of observing the movements of the enemy. Yesterday morning (29th) two sconting parties were dispatched from my command. One, under the command of Lieutenhnt Bondurant, pro- ceeded in the direction of Morgantown, and after passing that point at the distance of about 1 mile and on reaching the crest of a steep and rocky hill they unexpectedly found themselves in the immediate pres- ence of a snperior force of infantry under cover on both sides of the road. After a brisk exchange of shots Lieutenant Bondurant withdrew his party in good order and retnrned to make his report. The casualties in this alThir were as follows: Of Lieutenant Bondu- rants party, 3 wounded, 1 severely an(i 2 slightly; on the part of the enemy, 1 killed, several wounded. Immediately upon the return of Lieutenant Bondurant, I proceeded to the point indicated with Lieutenants iDoniphan and Brown and 60 troopers. Before reaching Morgantown, and while moving iu that direction, my advance guard came upon the enemy in increased nurn- bers, posted on the crest of a rugged hill, accessible only by the road. The enemy in this instance were under the command of a man named setter. rfhey had been joined by the Union men of Morgantown and vicinity and by members of an organization styling themselves Home Guards. The enemy opened fire upon the advance guard, which withdrew without injury and joined the command, then halted at the base of the hill. I then divided my command, sending one-half to the right, with a view of engaging the enemys attention in that direction while I could charge him by the road in front. I soon ascertained that we were unable to effect anything against the enemy posted as they were. We were fully in range of their Minie muskets, without being able to reach them with our guns and repeaters, while at the same time we found the ground of such a character as to prevent our ascending the hill except at a walk, and completely exposed to the fire of their entire force. One man and several horses having been wounded, I deemed it proper to withdraw and return to my camp. Upon my return, I learned from reliable authority that a combined force of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, from a Lincoln camp near Caney- ville, was approaching with a view ot~ attacking me about sunset. This information was corroborated by the fact that the women and children of the Union men were being removed from Woodbury. In about an hour the enemy opened fire with several pieces of artillery from the opposite side of the river on a portion of my command guard- ing the ferry, and commenced crossing under the fire of his gumis. Tha wounded having been sent forward to Bowling Green, and know- ing my position to be untenable, the enemy having obtained the range of my camp with his artillery, I withdrew my command, and proceeded iii the direction of Bowling Green. Ten miles from my camp I met Major Hagan with re-enforcements. My command returned with him, except some few troopers whose horses were broken down. I cannot state with any degree of accuracy the enemys force, but from the most reliable information that could be obtained and from the clos Page 225 CHAP. Xiii IVY MOUNTAIN AND PIKETON, KY. 225 proximity of the several Lincoln camps at Caneyville, Hartford, Por- ters, and other places, it may safely be estimated as exceeding 500. The sentiment of the neighborhood in which I was stationed being almost exclusively inimical to our cause, the enemy was always in pos- session of the most accurate information as to our strength and move- ments. I regret to have to report the capture of two of my command, who were stationed as pickets on the Morgantown road, the loss of several troop horses, and the leaving of two wagons, several tents, and some camp and garrison equipage in camp as a matter of necessity. In our withdrawal, the road being held by the enemy, our line of march was necessarily across the country and impracticable to wagons. The conduct of the officers and men of the command throughout the day was excellent. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THOS. LEWEI~S, Captain, Commanding. Col. WIRT ADAMS, Comdg. Regt Miss. Car., Bowling Green, Ky. NOVEMBER 8-9, 1861.Engagement at Ivy Mountain and skirmish at Piketon, Ky. REPORTS. No. 1.Brig. Gen. William Nelson, U. S. ~my. No. 2.Col. Joshua W. Sill, Thirty-third Ohio Infantry. No. 3.Col. John S. Williams, C. S. Army. No. 1. Report of Brig. Gen. William Nelson, U. S. Army. HEADQUARTERS CAMP HOPELESS CHASE, Piketon, Ky., November 10, 1801. Sin: I have the honor to report, for the information of the command- ing general of the department, that on the 7th November I dispatched Colonel Sill, with his own regiment, the Thirty-third Ohio, and light battalion nuder Major flnrt, Kentucky volunteers, composed of a flank company from each of the regimentsthe Second, Thirty-third, and Fifty-ninth 0. V., U. S. A.and two Kentucky companies, together with 142 mounted men, under command of Colonel Metcalf, Kentucky volunteers (made np of men mounted from the wagon teams), and 36 gentlemen, volunteers, nnder Colonel Apperson, and a section of artil- lery, to march by the way of Johns Creek, and pass to the left of Piketon, where the rebels had taken posta distance of 40 milesand turn or cut them oIL Colonel Sill marched at 11 a. m. on the 7th. At 5 a. in. of the 8th I marched, with the Second Regiment 0 .V., U.S.A., Colonci flarris; Twenty-first Regiment 0. V., U. S. A., Colonel Norton; Fifty ninth Regiment 0. V., U. S. A., Colonel Fyffe; the battalion of Kentucky volunteers under Col. Chas. A. Marshall, and two sections of artillery, Captain Konkle, and took the State road direct to Piketon 28 miles. Some 8 miles from Prestonburg we met a picket of about 40 cavalry and fired on them but having imo cavalry, they escaped easily. At 1 p. m. the column had advanced along the narrow defile of the mountain that ends at Ivy Creek. The mountain is highest along the 15 R RYOL I Page 226 226 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CUAP. XII. river and very precipitous and thickly covered with timber and under- growth, and the road, which is but 7 feet wide, is cut along the side of it about 25 feet above the river, which is close under the road. The ridge descends in a rapid curve and very sharp to the creek, or rather gorge, where it makes a complete elbow. Behind this ridge, and all along the monntain side, the euemy~ 700 strong, lay in ambush, and did not fire until the head of Colonel Marshalls battalion, huinself leading, was up to the elbow. The skirmish was very shai~p. The mountain to be The si(le was blue with puffs of smoke and not an enemy seen. first discharge killed 4 and wounded 13 of Marshalls men. 1 ordered the Kentuckians to charge. Colonel Harris, whose regiment was im- mediately behind me, led his in en up the mountain-side most gallantly, and deployed them along the face of it. Colonel Norton, whose regi- ment had just reached the defile, anticipating an order from me, led his men up the northern ridge of the mountain and deployed them along the face of it and along the crest, and went at them. Two pieces of ar- tillery were got in position in the road and opened upon them. Owing to the steepness of the mountain all this required time. On the oppo- site side of the river, which is here narrow, deep, and swift, there were also rebels, who annoyed us. In an hour and twenty minutes the rebels were and fled, leaving a nnmber of killed and wounded on the ground and 6 prisoners unhurt. As I marched ilnme(liately in pursuit, I do not report what their loss was. I am told to-day that 32 dead were found. Among the wounded in our hands is II. iVI. Rust, late State senator from Greenup County, Kentucky. Our loss is 6 killed and 24 wounded. If I had here any cavalry I would have taken or slain the wh9le of theiu; as it was, the enemy retreated, cutting down trees across the narrow road and burning or cutting all the bridges, which are nu- merous. I bivouacked 4 miles beyond the Ivy Creek. It rained, aiid the men waded through mud and iii a heavy rain all the day of the 9th, the march being heavy and slow on account of the trees across the roads and the necessity of repairing the bridges. Last night we again bivouacked in the November rain and entered this place this morn- ing at 9 a. in., where I found Colonel Sill, who had arrived the night previously and fired on the enemy as they were retreating. I inclose Colonel Sills report. Very respectfully, ~T NELSON, Brigadier- General. Captain GREENE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Louisville, Ky.: I inclose also copy of a letter from Benjamin, Secretary of War at Richmond, to Col. J. S. Williams. I have to mention that Captain Berryhill, Second Ohio, was wounded severely whilst leading the col- umn up the mountain-side. [Inclosare.] WAR DEPARTMENT, October 28, 1861. IDEAR SIR: The bearer, Mr. Lewis, is on special service for the Gov- ernment. He will make to you a communication about young Clay, in relation to which you will use your discretion. I mu anxiously awaiting your muster rolls. I sent a company of artillery with its battery yesterday, and shall send a regiment of armed Virginians to Prestonbnrg in a few days. Yours, & c., J. P. BENJAMIN. Col. J~nIN S. WILLIAMS, Prestonburg, Ky Page 227 CHAP. XII.] IVY MOUNTAIN AND PIKETON, KY. 227 No. 2. Report of (Jot. Joshua W. & ll, Thirty-third Ohio Infantry. PIKETON, November 10, [1861]. SIR: I have the honor to report that my commaud occupied this place yesterday afternoou about 4 oclock. Colonel ~ mounted force, iu a(lvance, exchanged shots with a party, probably a reconnoitering one, who had just crossed the river. They retreated. I threw out Met- calfs and Hurts force, deployed as skirmishers, on the hill-side flank- in g the road, which debouched at the ford. They found the enemy~s camp deserted, and the maiu street of the village occupied by mounted men, making off by the Shelby road. A few rounds of shell were sent after them, and Metcalfs men mounted their horses and took pos~essiou of the towu. The remainder of the force crossed ou a raft bridge. I learned that the enemy were occupied all of yesterday leaving. General Williams was here when the skirmishers opened fire. I now occupy his headquarters. The only casualty that I know of was 1 man killed on this side. On the route we encountered a party of mounted men twice. The first time our fire killed a horse and wounded 2 men. Night before last a reconnoitering party of 10, sent out by Colonel Metcalf, encoun- tered Captain Shawns cavalry, of about 150, and, it is reported, wounded Captain Shawn. His party went back in great haste. There are many particulars I will speak ot when I meet you. Troops are very hungry. All that we can get is beef. There is a mill near here, which we will set in motion to-day, and get plenty of corn meal. I am, very respectfully, sir, your most obedient servant, J. W. SILL, Colonel, Commanding. General W. NELSON. No. 3. Reports of Cot. John S. Williams, C.S. Army. PIKETON, Ky., November 9, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communi- cation of the 6th instant. In reply, I have to say that no one can regret as deeply as myself the necessity of evacuating Prestonburg, but I was forced to do so from the unarmed and unorganized condition of niy troops. The enemy has pressed me so hard that I have not even had time to complete the muster rolls of the companies. At Pres- tonburg we had not two rounds of ammunition, and the enemy was advancing in three columns, in front and upon both flanks. 1 fell back to Piketon to meet my ammunition. On yesterday I was compelled to make a fight to protect our retreat. The engagement was sanguinary, lasting about four hours. Our loss, I believe, was 10 killed an(l 7 or 8 wounded. The enemys loss was heavycould not have been less than 150 killed and a large number wounded, for the road was strewn with men and horses. We had only about 300 men. The enemy had not less than 1,500most probably 2,000with six pieces of artil- lery. They were at first checked, but on account of their great supe- riority of numbers they were able to outflank us, and our force was compelled to fall back. The enemy did not pursue. They are als Page 228 228 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL advancing upon this place, upon the ~ Creek road, from Louisa. On yesterday Captain ilolliday, with a small command, met this column. from Johns Creek. A skirmish took place. I sent him a re-enforcement of 200 men, which checked their advance. The night was occupied in preparing to fall back in the direction of Pound Gap, but our trans- portation is so limited that we shall be compelled to abandou some pub- lic property. The enemy is perfectly equipped, with plenty of artillery. They are well instructed, and fight with courage. We have nothing in the world upon our side but bravery. The disparity in the loss was due alone to our position. Infantry armed with rifles are the men for this country. Cavalry is almost useless, except for picket duty. With regard to the point at which we will be likely to meet I cannot say positively. 1 shall continue to fall back until I can make a stand or am re-enforced. Our route will be towards Abingdon.* We have now nine companies of infantry, four of them not yet fall, and five companies of mounted men, and two of these not fallmaking in all an aggregate of 1,100 men, poorly armed and badly clothed, and with scarcely any discipline. Allow me to congratulate you upon your appointment. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. S. WILLIAMS, Colonel, C. S. Army. Brig. Gen. HUMPHREY MARSHALL, Wytheville. CAMP NEAR POUND GAy, November 13, 1861. GENERAL: Since my last report to you I have been compelled to abandon Piketon by an overwhelming force that advanced upon me in two columns, one directly up the river from Prestonburg, 1,600 strong, with a battery of six pieces, and the other from Louisa up Johns Creek, a branch of the Sandy, numbering 1,860 men, with a battery of field pieces. Both of these columns converged upon Piketon. My whole force consisted of 1,010 men, including sick, teamsters, and men on extra duty. I did not believe that the advance of the enemy would be so rapid, and hoped that the artillery and re-en- forcemeuts promised would arrive before they could disturb me at Piketon. Under this confident hope I commenced gathering supplies, explored the leather resources of the country, found them abundant, and organized a corps of shoemakers, and had them at work. Major flawes had purchased 1,000 fat hogs and a number of beef cattle, and was making preparations to salt them. My men were badly clad and badly armed, with not a knapsack, haversack, or canteen. They car- ried their powder in horns, gourds, and bottles. This was our condi- tion when the enemy commenced the advance upon us. Retreat was inevitable but there was too mnch public property to be abandoned without an effort to save it. I at once ordered all the transportation possible to be collected, and sent the sick, wounded, and the live stock to the rear on the Pound Gap road, for the Tazewell route was no longer safe. I sent a small armed force immediately on the Tazewell route with written orders to turn back the artillery and all public wagons to a point of safety in Virginia. I then sent Captain ilolliday, with a small mounted party, on the Johns Creek road, and Captains Thomas and * See Marshall to Cooper, November 11 and 12; and Cooper to Marshall, same dates, in Correspondence, etc.Confederate, pp. 538, 540 Page 229 CHAP. XII.] IVY MOUNTAIN AND PIKETON, KY. 229 Clay on the River road to Prestonburg, to observe the movements of the enemy. This was on the night of the 8th. Captain Thomas dis- covered the advance gnard of the enemy abont 15 miles from Piketon. I went in person with Captains May and Hawkins, with their companies of infantry, and Lieutenant Van Hook, with 20 mounted men, to the position of Captain Thomas, near Ivy Creek. I found that Captain Thomas had burned the bridge there. The men were allowed to refresh themselves and the horses were secnred in a deep mountain cave, and the whole party of 250 men moved on foot to a strong position half a mile in front of the burned bridge, here to await what we suppose(l to be the advance guard of the enemys force. I returned to our camp at daylight and met the report of Captain Holliday, who had been fired upon by an advanced guard of the enemy of about 150 men. He gave them a gallant fight, killed 8 of them, hav- ing only 1 of his nnmber wounded and 1 horse killed. I dispatched Captain Shawn, with his own and Captain Camerons companies, to ob- serve the movements of the enemy on Johns Creek, with instructions to engage any party not more than twice his number, but not to attack the enemys full force. At 1.30 oclock on the 9th instant the enemy moved up to Captain Mays position [Ivy Creek] with a force of 1,600 men and a battery of six pieces, and were received by 250 rifles and shot-guns, in point-blank range, every one of which took effect. Their column wavered and fell back, but returued in good order, and attempted to carry the pass by assault under cover of their cannon, bnt were repulsed again with terrific slaughter. They then withdrew beyond the range of our shot-guns, and their infantry up the hills soon outflanked our little band, compelling them to fall back behind the burned bridge. 111 ere our force made a stand, but the enemy advanced no farther. I then ordered three more companies of infantry to sustain Captain Mays command or to cover his retreat if necessary. At 12 oclock at night Captain Shawn reported to me that the enemy were advancing in full force on the Johns Creek road with great rapidity. I then ordered Captains May, Shawn, and all the outposts in. I made a display of forces in Piketon, sent the exhausted infantry in the direction of our retreat, and waited with the balance of the com- mand the arrival of the enemy. They came up slowly and cautiously, but were detained for an hour by Captaiii Thomas company of sharp- shooters, stationed near the ford, which prevented their artillery from getting into position to rake the town. As they approached I moved the rear guard of 400 men off in good order. They opened upon us a tremendous fire of artillery and musketry, and were replied to by our sharpshooters. We had 1 man killed and 3 wounded, while the enemy had 6 killed. In the Ivy fight our loss was 10 killed, 15 wounded, and 40 missing. Some of the missing men have gone back to their homes, and others join us daily. We lost Lieutenant Rust, who fell gallantly in the dis- charge of his duty. My first belief was that the enemy had lost but 150 men, but from subsequent information received from spies, Union men, escaped prisoners who have joined us, and others who have ex- amined their burial ground, I am satisfied the enemy lost over 300 in killed, with the usual proportion of wounded. I cannot speak in terms of commendation too high of the gallantry of Captains May, Thomas, Hawkins, and Clay, and Lieutenant Van Hook and Sam Clay. Indeed, the officers and men behaved with so much courage and coolness that to discriminate at all would be invidious Page 230 230 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XTh If we had had 1,000 men more and a battery of six pieces we could have w.hipped and destroyed both columns but with the small force I had it was impossible to fight both at once, and to have exposed my whole force to one would have exposed my rear to the other. Our cartridge- boxes arrived the other day after the fight. We had powder and lead, and made our own cartridges and molded otir own bullets. The enemy have 6,000 troops near Piketon; 1,000 of them advanced 10 miles this side of that place. They have not more than 1,500 at Prestonburg. What they have below as reserves I know but little of for all communication is cut off and the whole country is frightened out of its wits, and but few men will act as scouts or guides. I am satisfied that this large force was not moved up the Sandy merely for the purpose of dispersing the unorganized and half-armed, barefooted sqnad under my command. They intended to move upon the Virginia and Tennessee IRailroad, I think, by way of the Tazewell Court-House. They fortify their positions, and have a large number of wagons. The Sandy is now navigable for steamboats to a point above Piketon. We want good rifles, clothes, great-coats, knapsacks, haversacks, and canteensindeed, everything, almost, except a willingness to fight. Many of onr men are barefooted, and I have seen the blood in their tracks as they marched from ivy to this place. You know what we want, general. Send such articles as we need to Abingdon. There is but little subsistence here, and I fear I shall be compelled to fall back to a point where I can subsist until our organization is perfected. We have been so constamitly fighting that we have not had time to complete our muster rolls. I have now over 1,200 men. If I could make a forward movement the effect would be good upon the country. Mc. Thomas has just received from the governor of Florida a commis- sion as aide-de-camp, with rank of colonel. I cannot insist on retaining him from such increased rank. Send somebody else. If the enemy should move by way of the Pound I have not a suffi- cient force to resist themno artillery, no intreuching tools, nor axes, spades, or picks. If they come we will give them a fight, but this will do us no good but to destroy a few of them. I have just learned from a spy that a steamboat arrived at Piketon yesterday with supplies to the enemy. Major ilawes wants more money. He has bought hogs, horses, wagons, & c. Your obedient servant, JNO. S. WILLIAMS, Colonel, C. S. A. NOVEMBER 818, 1861.Revolt of the Unionists in East Tennessee. SUiML\IARV 013 TIlE PRINCIPAL EVENTS. Nov. 8 9, 1801.Destruction of railroad bridges by Union men. 10, 1861.Skirmish near Bristol. 15, 1861.Dispersion of Unionists camp near Chattanooga. 18, 1861.Captnre of Unionists at Doe River. Miscellaneous reports, correspondence, and orders of the Confederate authorities. BOWLING GREEN, Ky., November 9, 1861. Governor HARRIS, Xashville: From our information the destruction of the railways and telegraphs near Chattanooga, Cleveland, and Dalton cannot be the work of th Page 231 CHAP. XIILI REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 231 enemys troops, but of the disaffected in North Alabama and East Ten- nessee. I beg yonr excellency to nse every exertion to ascertain the extent, power, and organization of this insurrection, if, as I fear, one exists; and most urgently I press your excellency to leave no means nntried to put arms into the hands of your unarmed levies. A. S. JOHNSTON, General. KNOxVILLE, November 9, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN: Two large bridges on my road were burned last night about 12 oclock; also one bridge on the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad at the same time, and an effort made to burn the largest bridge on my road. There is great excitement along the whole line of road, and evi- dence that the Union party are organizing and preparing to destroy or take possession of the whole line from Bristol and Chattanooga, and unless the Government is very prompt in giving ns the necessary mili- tary aid, I much fear the result. The only hope for protection must be from the Government. Unless the Government gives us the necessary aid and protection at once, transportation over my road of army sup- plies will be an utter impossibility. It cannot be doue. We have arrested four of the individuals engaged in burning one bridge, and know who burned another, but for want of the necessary military force fear we cannot arrest them. JOHN H. BRANNER, President East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad. KNOXVILLE, November 9, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: DEAR Sin: I have just time to say that the bridge at Charleston over Hiawassee River, on East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, was buriied last night by the Lincolnites, and that the bridge at Strawberry Plains, on East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, over the llolston, was set on fire and the guard badly, if not mortally, wounded. It shows that there is a concerted movement among them to destroy the railroad bridges and cut off communication from one portion of the Southerii Conled- eracy with the other. A worse state of feeling never prevailed in East Tennessee than at the present moment. The belief that the enemy are about to enter our borders has emboldened them to such an extent that there is no telling what damage they may do. I believe it important that you should have this information at once. On this account I have thus hastily given you such information as I have obtained. Very respectfully, H. C-. FAIN, Brigade Commissary. BRISTOL, November 9, 1861. Hon. JOHN LETOHER: DEAR SIR: Upon the oath of J. H. Rndd, conductor of the East Tennessee and Yirginia Railroad Company, and news received from A Page 232 232 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. Xli. IMI. Millard, the representative of Sullivan County, Tennessee, by note, whose handwriting was testified to by George Pile and Jos. It. Ander- son, I do hereby inform you that the bridge across the Holston was burned last night by about 50 Union men, and that a Union force is now assembling near Watauga Bridge, reported to number about 500, for the purpose of attacking Captain McClellans troops, now stationed at the bridge, and burning the bridge, and ask aid, as we are unable to form any idea of the result of this, and furthermore state that all coin- munication between this place and Nashville by railroad and telegraph is cut off, and ask that you appeal to President Davis to call out the militia of East Tennessee to suppress rebellion. WM. F. MOOHE, J. P., Washington County, Virginia. JACKSBOROUGH, November 9, 1861. Col. W. B. WOOD, AS~ixteenth A labama Regii~ent, Knoxville Tenn SIR: Your dispatcli just received informing me of the burning of Hiawassee bridge and other bridges on the railroad, and asking for re- enforcements. Colonel Powells regiment being 5 miles from here, on the Knoxville road. I have sent him an order to march at daylight in the morning for Knoxville, making a forced march. He is instructed to commnnicate with you immediately on his arrival. You will be in com- mand, and will make such disposition of the forces as you may think advisable. Brig. Gen. W. II. Carrolls three regiments have been ordered to re- port to me, but have not reported, and I have no knowledge where they are. I have expected them by now at Knoxville. Have you any knowledge where they are ~? Have the inclosed dispatches transmitted by telegraph, if the wires are not cut. Inform me daily of the facts in your knowledge connected with the wires and railroads. Send dispatch to Memphis or wherever else he may be. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier-General. CAMP MCGINNIS, NEAR JAMESTOWN, November 9, 1861. Col. W. B. WOOD: SIR: I received a dispatch from General Zollicoffer last evening, dated 6th instant, at the Cumberland Gap, informing me that he would move his headquarters to Jacksborough, 9th. This dispatch came di- rectly through by Huntsville, and I have dispatched him by the same route. I sent Captain Itagsdales company on the road near Huntsville several days ago, with instructions to break up the conununication with the enemy that way. They attempted to arrest a mail-carrier in that section, and failed; he had absconded; they got his mail, arms, & c., and on their return to camp were fired on by 30 tories from ambush, killing 2 horses only. They sent to me for re-enforcements. I sent Captain ,with company, night before last to their relief; have heard noth- ing from them since. From the best information I can get there are no Federal troops south of Cumberland River, except a small force of 30 Page 233 CHAP. XII.] REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 233 or 400 five miles east of Monticello. I expect Colonels Stanton and Murray here to-morrow. Yonrs, truly, GEG. Th MCCLELLAN, Lieutenant- Colonel. KNOXVILLE, November 10, 1861. General ZOLLICOFFER: SIR: Information has been received that Mr. llodgson, a member of the legislature, has been making a treasonable speech over in Sevier County. He is also suspected as having a knowledge, if not an insti- gator, of the burning of the bridges. He was here yesterday morning, and we would have arrested him, but he made his escape, and may probably try to get through your lines somewhere. He ought to be ar- rested. Five of the inc~ndiaries who burned the Lick Creek Bridge have been arrested. I have sent up after them. The bridge at Union has been destroyed; one at Charleston; two on the Western and Atlan- tic Road below Chattanooga. Regretting as much as any one this calamity, I feel that I did all that I could to prevent it, and I am glad that it is no worse. I had a company at Lick Creek, but the incendiaries deceived them, and getting posses- sion of their guns, took them prisoners and accomplished their ends. I send you a Register, from which you will see some of the measures I have taken for the present as being necessary under the circumstances. What shall II do with the prisoners ~ I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. WOOD. LOUDON, TENN., November 10, 1861. Col. W. B. WOOD, Commanding: I)EAR SIR: Captain Cawoods company arrived here at 6 oclock yes- terday evening, and are pitching their tents to-day at the northern end of the bridge, while Captain Etdridge is encamped at the southern end. Extra pickets and sentinels were posted during the night, but no dem- onstration was made from any quarter, and the night was passed in quiet. The Union feeling of this county is exceedingly bitter, and all they want, in my opinion, to induce a general uprising is encouragement from the Lincoln armies by the introduction or advance of Lincoln armies. They have a great many arms, and are actually manufacturing Union flags to receive the refugee Tennesseeans when they return. They are getting bold enough to avow their purposes. If we were strong enough, or had one or two more companies, a great many arms could be procured in this neighborhood. I mean if we had the force to spare from the bridge. Very respectfully, T. ~ CANNON, ]Iiliajor, Commanding. LYNCIIBURG, November 10, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President Confederate States: I have received dispatches from Bristol and other points asking me to apply to you for assistance, which with the fact that the bridge ove Page 234 234 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY SAND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XII. iloiston River was burned on Friday night and the track torn up, induces me to apply to you for a small force, to be detailed to guard the bridges in this State until we can make some arrangement to do ~o ourselves. There are two regimentsTriggs and Mooresnow at Abingdon and Wytheville, if the men could be spared for a few days. I go with carpenters and lumber to Tennessee this evening to assist in rebuilding bridge. I make my application to you direct, confident it will receive attention. 110. L. OWEN, President Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. hamMOND, November 10, 1861. 11. L. OWEN, President Railroad, Lynchburg: Your dispatch received. Colonel Leadbetter, of Engineer Corps, will leave in the morning with a battalion and battery of field pieces. He is charged with the duty of restoring and guarding the communications. Other forces will be sent to him via Chattanooga. Your earnest co- operation with him is relied on by the President. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMoND November 10 1861. General B. BRAGc~, Pensacola: The President desires that you send one regiment of your command with the least delay to Chattanooga, with orders to report to Colonel Leadbetter, of Engineer Corps, who is charged with the special duty of restoring and maintaining the communications that have been inter. rupted by the burning of the railroad bridges by bands of traitors. He thinks it best to send one of the Alabama regiments now at Mobile, but leaves you to exercise your own discretion in choosing the regiment to be sent. This is so urgent as to admit of no delay, but the regiment will be restored to you the moment we can replace it. Other forces are dispatched from here to perform the same duty at Bristol, where another bridge has been burned. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND, November 10, 1861. General W. H. CARROLL, ]lfemphis; Proceed with the least possible delay to re-enforce General Zollicoffer with all your armed men, and leave some reliable officer to arm the remainder, and move them to Zollicoffers aid as fast as possible. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND, Nov ember 10, 1861. Col. D. LEADBETTER: COLONEL: Herewith you will receive an order to report to Tennessee, to keep up the line of communication by rail between Bristol and Chat- tanooga, Tennessee. Upon arriving in Tennessee you are authorize Page 235 CHAP. XII.] REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 235 to call upon the railroad companies, and also upon communities in vicinity of railroad, for aid and material, employing both where neces- sary, giving certificates usual in such cases. While reconstructing bridges and repairing the roads you will give due care to the telegraph communication, re-establishing it where interfered with, exercising in this the authority granted with regard to the road. To enable you to carry out these instructions Stovalls battalion, with a light battery, will be ordered to report to you at Bristol, and a regiment ordered from General Bragg at Chattanooga, to be so disposed of as may best secure successful accomplishment of your orders. You will report to General A. S. Johnston by letter your arrival in Tennessee, the nature of your instructions, also advising General Zollicoffer to the same effect. Full and frequent reports are desired of your operations, respecting condi- tion of the road, and disposition of the population adjacent thereto. I am, sir, respectfully, & c., S. COOPER, Adj~ttant and Inspector General. WYTHEVILLE, November 10, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: Following dispatch received: Mr. Branner, president East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, came np this evening, and says Union men are gathering; about 1,500 at Carters Depot. See commander of forces at Wyrheville and urge him to come ont. This is no sensation report, but truth. Bridges have been burned on East Tennessee Road. General Marshall left here for Kentucky to-day. Commanders of forces here have marching orders to fol- low. Will you comply with request and send troops from here to Tenaesseel Reply. Battery and one regiment here. R. C. KENT. MEMPHIS, November 11, 1861. Major-General POLK: Please send me all the guns and accouterments that can be spared to Chattanooga. I will move one regiment in the morning. You will see by the dispatches how urgent the necessity is. WM. II. CARROLL. CLEVELAND, TENN., November 11, 1861. JEFFERSON DAVIs, President: Several bridges burned on E. T. Road. The country in great excite- ment and terror. The Twenty-third Regiment, Colonel ilutchersons, Georgia Volunteers, leaving Camp McDonald to-day for Richmond. Can you order them temporarily to Knoxville, Tenn. ~ You could dispatch to Marietta and Augusta, Ga. J. W. LEWIS, Srpt. ~g I. and Va. R. II. BRIsToL, November 11, 1861. Hon. J. R BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: I have just returned from the burned bridge. We have at the next bridge, 10 miles beyond, about 250 men, under Captain McClellan Page 236 236 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL They have two cannon, which they found on the cars, and which were given to them by General Charles Clark, who stopped until this morn- ing with them. The camp of the enemy is at N. G. Taylors, 5 miles distant, with about 400 men. Another camp, at Elizabethtown, 2 miles farther, is said to contain 500 men. The two may be confounded. There is no doubt but that re-enforcements are every moment reaching them from Watauga County, North Carolina, and Johnson, Carter, and Wash- ington Counties, Tennessee. These counties can furnish about 2,000 Lin- colnites, and each fresh occasion emboldens them. They threaten to burn Watauga Bridge to-night. Should they be successful, it will bring forward hundreds now quiet. It is all-important they should be dis- posed of before they unite their different forces, now ranging from 50 to 500. A fight occurred last night between 22 of our scouts and the main camp of the enemy. We captured 2, killed 9, and lost none. I have given orders for all trains to give way to the troop traiiis now coming forward. They will reach here to-morrow morning. Can I do anything for you ~ HO. L. OWEN, President Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. KNOXVILLE, November 11, 1861. Adjutant-General COOPER: Three bridges burned between Bristol and Chattanooga, two on Georgia road. Five hundred Union men now threatening Strawberry Plains. Fifteen hundred assembling in Hamilton County, and a gen. eral uprising in all the counties. I have about 1,000 men under my command. W. B. WOOD, Colonel. KNOXVILLE, November 11, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General: SIR: My fears, expressed to you by letters and dispatches of 4th and 5th instant, have been realized by the destruction of no less than five railroad bridges, two on the East Tennessee and Virginia road, one on the East Tennessee and Georgia road, and two on the Western and At- lantic road. The indications were apparent to me, but I was powerless to avert it. The whole country is now in a state of rebellion. A thou- sand men are within 6 miles of Strawberry Plains Bridge, and an attack is contemplated to-morrow. I have sent Colonel Powell there with 200 infantry, one company cavalry, and about 100 citizens, armed with shot- guns and country rifles. Five hundred Unionists left Hamilton County to-day, we suppose to attack London Bridge. I have Major Campbell there with 200 infantry and one company cavalry. I have about the same force at this point and a cavalry company at Watauga Bridge. An attack was make on Watauga yesterday. Our men succeeded in beating them off, but they are gathering in larger force, and may reiiew it in a day or two. They are not yet fully organized, and have no sub- sistence to enable them to hold out long. A few regiments and vigor- ous means would have a powerful effect in putting it down. A mild or conciliating policy will do no good; they must be punished, and some of the leaders ought to be panished to the extent of the law. Nothing short of this will give quiet to the country Page 237 CHAP. XII.) REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 237 General Zollicoffer, at great inconvenience to himself has sent me Colonel Powells regiment, numbering about 600 effective men, which I have disposed of as above stated. I have arrested 6 of the men who were engaged in burning the Lick Creek Bridge, and I desire to have instructions from you as to the proper disposition of them. The slow course of civil law in punishing such incendiaries, it seems to me, will riot have the salutary effect which is desirable. I learn from two gen- tlemen just arrived that another camp is being formed abont 10 miles from here in Sevier County, and already 300 are in camp. They are being re-enforced from Blount, iloane, Johnson, Greene, Carter, and other counties. I need not say that great alarm is felt by the few Sonthern men. They are finding places of safety for their families, and would gladly enlist if we had arms to furnish them. I have had all the arms in this city seized, and authorized Major Campbell to impress all he can find in the hands of Union men, who ought now to be regarded as avowed enemies, for the use of the new companies. I felt it to be my duty to place this city nnder martial law, as there was a large majority of the people sympathizing with the enemy, and communicating with them by the unfrequented mountain paths, and to prevent surprise and the destruction of the commissary and quartermasters stores. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. WOOD, Colonel, Commanding Post. JACKSBOROUGII, TENN., November 11, 1861. General S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va.: SIR: The communication of the 26th nltimo from your office, appris- ing me that three regiments, under command of Brigadier-General Car- roll, had been ordered to report to me, reached me only yesterday. The mail through this portion of East Tennessee is unreliable. I am under the necessity of establishing and relying upon a line of express messen- gers between my headqnarters and Knoxville. Col. W. B. Wood, Six- teenth Alabama Regiment, is commandant at that post, and letters for me directed to Knoxville to his care will immediately reach me. Gen- eral Carroll has just informed me, by letter from Memphis, that he has but one regiment armed. I telegraphed you yesterday the news corn- mnnicated to me of the burning of the bridges. I learn to-day the tel- egraph wires are destroyed for about 15 miles. Colonel Wood also states that he has news that about 500 East Tennessee Federalists are marching on the llolston Bridge, a few miles above Knoxville, and that about 1,500 Federalists, of Hamilton County, are moving toward Lon- don Bridge. I sent Colonel Wood a regiment, which probably reached Knoxville last night. I incline to the opinion the above-named reports are much exaggerated; but there are many indications that the Feder- alists in East Tennessee believe a large force from Kentucky are to in- vade us inimediately and simultaneously at different points, and are intending, by concert of action in threatening the destruction of the railroad, to distract and derange our plans of defense. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General Page 238 238 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. MEMPHIS, TENN., November 12, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War, Richmond, Va.: SIR: Your telegram of the 11th instant (ordering me to advance to the support of General Zollicoffer) has just reached me. I am deeply mortified that I have been unable to move my command at an earlier day, but the want of transportation, and the unexpected failure to obtain my arms, have rendered any movement of my forces both useless and unsafe. Knowing the urgent necessity which has and yet exists for prompt and vigorous action in East Tennessee and Northern Kentucky, I have used every exertion to place my brigade in such a condition as to act effectively in the field. I took measures some weeks prior to my appointment to secure arms sufficient to arm three regiments. These consisted of such guns as were furnished by the recruits themselves, together with others of a similar kind, which I had procured by various means throughout the country. Some two months since I distributed 1,600 rifles among the different armories in the State, viz, Memphis, Nashville, Pulaski, and Columbia, where I had supposed they would be rapidly repaired and fitted for use. When I received your written orders, forwarded me through Col. II. C. Young, I dispatched an officer to each one of the places mentioned, with instructions to forward all the guns that had been repaired to Knoxville, Tenn., to which point I had intended to advance with all my force then ready for service but, much to my regret and surprise, I then learned but little progress had been made in the work of repairing. I was assured, however, by the army officers in command at these places that everything would be ready in a very short time. My movements were therefore delayed from day to day, in the hope that the guns would be completed and my command thoroughly and perfectly armed. In this expectation I have up to the present time been sadly disappointed. The guns deposited in the ar- mory at this place would have been completed but for the breaking of the armory machinery, which was only repaired a day or two since. The work is now being pushed forward as rapidly as possible. So soon as I ascertained that my arms could not be obtained for some time to come, I set about securing such guns as would ansxver in the sudden emergency brought about by the recent unfriendly demonstrations made in East Tennessee. With these (shot-guns, country rifles, and old muskets) I armed Colonel Looneys regiment, and moved it yesterday morning in the direction of General Zollicoffers position. Another regiment (Colonel Whites) was to-day armed in a similar manner, and will move tomorrow in the same direction. The remainder of my brigade will be brought into the field as soon as I can possibly arm them in any way whatever. I deem it proper to make this explanation of the causes which have so long kept inc idle, in order that you may properly understand time difficulties under which I have labored. I shall continue to act as promptly as circumstances will permit. In the mean time I will keep you constantly advised of my future movements. I have apprised Gen- eral Zollicoffer that my command is approaching to his support. When I shall have reached him, I have but little doubt that we will be able to quell the insurrectionary spirit which I learn is springing up in the eastern portion of our State and to hold in check any force which may be advancing from Western Virginia or Northern Kentucky. Very respectfully, WM. II. CARROLL, Brigadier-General, C. S. Army Page 239 CHAP. XII.] REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 239 JONESBOROUGH, TENN., November 12, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President, & c.: SIR: Civil war has broken out at length in East Tennessee. In the late election scarcely a so-called Union man voted. Neither Mr. Nelson nor any of the released men who had been sworn to be faithful to the Southern Confederacy voted upon the occasion, and there appeared a simultaneous assault upon our line of railroads from Georgia to the Georgia line. In this county (XYashington) the secession strength is about equal to the Union force, but our force is much weakened by five volunteer companies now iu the service. In Carter and Johnson Coun- ties, northeast of this, the Union strength is not only as formidable, but it is as violent, as that of any of the Northwestern Virginia counties. Had they the power not a secessionist would live in this region. The hostile element in those counties and also in Greene is so strong, that Ii give it as my firm conviction that it will neither abate nor be conciliated. They look confidently for the re-establishment of the Federal authority in the South with as much confidence as the Jews look for the coming of the Messiah, and I feel quite sure when I assert it that no event or circumstance can change or modify their hopes. In this state of affairs this part, and, indeed, all of East Tennessee, will be subjected during the war to apprehensions of internal revolt, more or less remote, as the tide of war turns in this direction. The recent bridge burning in this section was occasioned by the hope that the Federal troops would be here in a few days from Kentucky to second their efibrts. We will crush out the rebellion here in a week or ten days, but to prevent its recurrence should be a matter of anxious consideration. Upon this sub- ject I have the honor of making the following suggestions to your ex- cellency: The expatriation requiring alien enemies to dispose of their effects and leave with their families should be enforced. Should they not do so voluntarily, on proof being submitted that they were in arms or hos- tile to the Government they should be forced to leave on due notice, with their families. A man with his family with him in the North will do us no great harm. He will not enlist there, for he will have to sup- port his family. By removing the hostile element from our counties we hav~ peace, and the Southern men can then enter the Army, because they know that their families are safe at home. By leaving this hostile element here we will never have peace, but be subject to constant alarm, these men rising up at every turn of events to harass us. I submit this suggestion to your excellencys careful attention. There are now camped in and about Elizabethtown, in Carter County, some 1,200 or 1,500 men, armed with a motley assortment of guns, in open defiance of the Confederate States of America, and who are awaiting a movement of the Federal troops from Kentucky to march forward and take possession of the railroad. These men are gathered up from three or five counties in this region, and comprise the hostile Union element of this section, and never will be appeased, conciliated, or quieted in a Southern Confed- eracy. I make this assertion positively, and you may take it for what it is worth. We can and will in a few days disperse them, but when will they break out again ~? I am satisfied the only hope for our quiet and repose and our co-operation without hinderance in the present revo- lution is the expatriation voluntarily or by force of this hostile element. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, A. G. GRAHAM Page 240 240 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [(~llAF. XII. RICHMOND, Nove~~ber 12, 1861. JOHN Th BRANNER, President Railroad Company, Knoxville, via Bristol: Troops have already been sent to protect your road. Be sure you shall be fully and thoroughly protected. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND, November 12, 1861. R. C. KENT, Wytheville, Va.: No change must be made about movement of troops at Wytheville. Other arrangements have been made to send forces to Tennessee. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. RICHMOND, Nove~~ber 12, 1861. J. W. LEWIS, Superintendent Railroad, Cleveland, Teun.: An armed Alabama regiment will arrive at Chattanooga to-day for the protection of the road. Itis no use to stop the Georgia troops, which are not armed. Be assured we will take care of your defense. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. BOWLING GREEN, Nov ember 12, 1861. Governor HARRIS, Nashville: From Colonel Wood, commanding at Knoxville, under date of No- vember 11, I have the following dispatch, viz Three brid0es burned between Bristol and Chattanooga, two on Georgia road; 500 Union men now threatening Strawberry Plains; 1,500 assembling in 1-lamilton County; a general uprising in all the counties. I have about 1,000 men nuder my command. Say~ Wood, I cannot detach my troops from this point. I have heard that your excellency has some 500 arms on hand, and I now in- form you that I will send to East Tennessee the volunteers now at the rendezvous as fast as they can be armed. This is my only resource. I hope your excellency will use the entire force of the State to quell this insurrection. A. S. JOHNSTON, General. NASHVILLE, November 12, 1861. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS: The burning of railroad bridges in East Tennessee shows a deep- seated spirit of rebellion in that section. Union men are organizing. This rebellion must be crushed out instantly, the leaders arrested, arid summarily punished. I shall send immediately about 10,000 men to that section; cannot arm larger force at present. If you can possibly send from Western Virginia a number of Tennessee regiments to East Tennessee, we can at once repair the bridges and crush out the rebell- ion. I hope to be able very soon to collect a large number of sportin Page 241 CHAP. XII.] REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 241 guns in the State to arm our volunteers, and will co-operate with the Govermuent to the fullest extent of my ability in all respects. If a part only of the Tenuessee troops in Western Virginia shall be sent, I would prefer Andersons brigade. ISHAM G. HARRIS. BOWLING GHEEN, Ky., Novcmlwr 12, 1861. Governor ilAunIs, Nashville: Telegram received. Arm Cooks regiment at Camp Trousdale and order it to Clarksville, where it will await the orders of the commander of the forces to be expected from Columbus in four or five days. Organize into a regiment the eight companies remaining at Trousdale, arm them, have them mustered into service, an(l send this regiment to East Tennessee as soon as possible. Add the two companies as soon as they can be filled. I approve heartily of the purchase of arms as proposed by you, but I cannot guarantee the payment. There is an appropriation of the Con- federate Congress for the purchase of arms. No portion of this has been put at my disposal, nor have I any special authority to purchase arms; but I do not doubt that in this emergency the Government will sanction my purchase, and pay for them if the appropriation is not ex- hausted, or appeal successfully for an additional appropriation if ex- hansted. In this expectation I have already authorized purchases for limited amounts. A. S. JOHNSTON, General. JACI(SBoRoUG-II, November 12, 1861. General S. COOPER: Colonel Wood, Knoxville, writes that 500 tories threaten movement on Strawberry Plains, and l,5O~ from Hamilton County moving towards London Bridge. Colonel Churchwell, Cun~berland Gap, has information indicating a strong force along from 6 miles beyond Barboursville to Rock- castle Camp, fortit~ying as they advance. I will have the pass blocked in two days. General Carroll has one armed regiment, but has not for- warded it. Please cause Churchwells requisition of 22d October for ammunition and implements for three 8-inch howitzers to be filled and expressed to him. F. K. ~OLLICOFFE11, Brigadier- General. JACKSBOROUGII, November 12, 1861. Col. W. B. Woon, Knoxeille: SIR: I have cavalry scouts out on the road to Somerset and Williams- burg, which I expect in to-night. I have working parties back on the road from Jacksborough to Chitwoods, 16 miles, and on the Big Creek road, 13 miles, which I (10 not wish to call in, if possible to avoid it. I have therefore thought it best not immediately to make any movement in refirenee to the reports you yesterday transmitted as to the 500 and the 1,560 tories. Unless you are satisfied the news is entirely reliable you should spare no pains, through cavalry scouts or citizen outriders, 16 R RVOL I Page 242 242 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XIL or true and reliable men living in the specified neighborhoods, to ascer- tain the precise facts, if possible, and transmit them to ine,to General Cooper, to Lieutenant-Colonel Mackall, and to Brigadier-General Car- roll. I am in doubt whether my dispatches to those gentlemen were transmitted by telegraph. Please keep me advised as to the means of sending telegraphic dispatches. The tories will probably circulate the most exaggerated and baseless stories, with a view to distract and cripple onr movements. Our friends will readily give credence to them in apprehension of danger. It be- comes ns, therefore, to investigate these rumors and act cautiously, to avoid useless and harassing marches. I may send Captaiu Aslibys squadron down the country to look after Clift; but I would prefer, be- fore beginning to dispose of my forces, to see more distinctly the force and movements of the enemy, and to be informed how you are ~)lacing the cavalry and infantry at your disposal. if I am not mistaken, there are four cavalry companies with you or on the line of the railroad. Where are they now placed ~ I may soon move an infantry force much nearer the London Bridge, but prefer to await certain knowledge of necessity for it. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFEII, Brigadier-General. JACKSBOROUGII, November 12, 1861. Col. W. B. WOOD, Knoxville: Sm: The expressman reached me this evening at 9 oclock with two letters from you, both dated 11th November. You say that the force at Papaw Hollow is angmenting from the adjoining counties. Please state what county Papaw Hollow is in. You say yon inclose me a dispatch from John L. Hopkins, Chattanooga; but ~uo dispatch was inclosed. I have two cavalry companies under Captain liowan, near Olivers, on road from Knoxville to Montgomery, and two near Huntsville, on road from Chitwoods to Montgomery; but your omission to send the dis- patch of Hopkins and only incidental allusion to cutting somebody oft~ near Kingston leaves me at a loss what orders to send them. Please give me all the information you have which will enable me to intercept any body of tories attempting to pass towards Montgomery, Jamestown, Huntsville, or Post Oak Springs. I rejoice that you have caught six of the bridge-burners. I am yet unadvised what precise bridges are actually destroyed, or whether my intended telegraphic dispatches are really transmitted over the wires. Have you any news from Colonel Carrolls regiment or any other re- enforcement? 1 will to-morrow send dispatches to the forces micar Jamestown, the cavalry near Huntsville, that near Olivers, and start out the cavalry here, to commence simultaneously disarming the Union inhabitants. You will please simultaneously send orders to all detach- ments under your command to inaugurate the same movement at the same time in their various localities. Their leaders should be seized and held as prisoners. The leniency shown them has been unavailing. They have acted with base duplicity, and should no longer be trusted. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General Page 243 CHAP. XII.] REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 243 JONESBOKOUGH, TEKN., November 13, 1861. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War: The Lincolnites are forming an encampment at Elizabethton; now have from 1,000 to 1,300 men, and more coming, within 6 miles of our railroad, at Watanga Bridge. They also have from 600 to 1,000 men near Strawberry Plains Bridge, the most important and expensive bridge on our road, and still collecting in greater nnmbers, and4hreatening to take and bnrn the bridge and take possession of the road. If these two bridges are burned our road stops. The demonstrations are such in East Tennessee that a mnch larger force is necessary. They are cutting the telegraph wires as fast as we put them np. JOHN ft BIIANNER, President East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad. RICHMOND, November 13, 1861. JOHN iR. BRANNER, President R. P. Go., Jonesborough, Teun.: Troops are now moving to East Tennessee to crnsh the traitors. You shall be amply protected. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. NASHVILLE, TENN., November 14, 1861. Muster all the armed forces possible without calling on Zollicoffer, and capture Clift and his men, dead or alive. Colonel Cooks regiment will reach Chattanooga to-night. Looneys regiment there, but not fully armed. ISHAM G. HARRIS. ATHENS, TENN., November 14, 1861. Colonel WOOD: General Zollicoffer writes that he has taken measnres to intercept Clifts men and others should they try to reach Kentucky, and orders 500 of Looneys regiment to press Clifts followers. I have not tele- graphed Looney, because your orders and General Zollicoffers are sub- stantially the same. T. I. CAMPBELL, Major. JACKSBOROUGH, No~ernber 14, 1861. General COOPER, Adjutant- General: Colonel Churchwell, Cumberland Gap, reports his pickets at Cumber- land Ford attacked by enemys pickets. Lieutenant-Colonel McClellan, near Jamestown, reports four regiments of enemy near Monticello; 500 tories embodied in Rhea and Hamilton, probably trying to get to Ken- tucky. Tories said to be embodied for battle in Carter and Johnson; sev- eral hundred embodied in Sevier. One of Carrolls regiments probably arrived; will be used near railroad. I have ordered all posts and detach- ments to disarm Union men and seize leaders; have made dispositions to cut off and crush tories of Rhea, Hamilton, and Sevier. Blockade here nearly complete. One regiment marches for Wartburg to-day. F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier-General Page 244 244 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. HEADQUARTERS RIFLE BRIGADE, Chattanooga, November 15, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: The ordnance officer at Nashville telegraphed me that none of my guns have been turned in, though the work was distributed. The ma- chinery at Memphis broke, and none have been furnished here. I have moved 1,600 men to this point, with about 809 guns of every description. Order 2,400 to be sent me from those landed at Savannah and I~ a good report from East Tennessee. ~ give W. II. CARROLL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. RIcIDIoND, November 17, 1861. Brigadier-General CARROLL, Chattanooga, Teun.: All the arms received at Savannah that could be spared for the West have been forwarded to General A. S. Johnston. J. P. BENJAMIN, Acting Secretary of War. KNOXVILLE, TENN., November 17, 1861. Lieutenant-Colonel MACKALL, Bowling Green, Ky.: SIR: Having blockaded the roads over the mountains near Jacks. borough, and believing the fortifications at Cumberland Gap very strong, I do not thiiik an army train of the enemy can pass the monnt. ains anywhere between the Pound Gap, in Yirgini4, and Jacksborough, a distance of about 120 miles. I have started the regiments of Colonels Statham, Newman, Cummings, and Battle, the first battalion of the Sixteenth Alabama Regiment, and Branners battalion of cavalry, with Rutledges battery, around by Wartburg, on the way to Jamestown, Tenn., and Monticello, Ely. I came here rapidly last night to obtain more definite information of the state of things along the line of the railroad aiid among the tories generally. I will leave for Wartburg this evening, feeling that there is no necessity for remaining longer. General Carroll telegraphs me from Chattanooga that he is there with two regiments, half armed. I have ordered him here, with such of his command as are not engaged in pur- suing Clift, a leading tory of Hamilton County, and his followers. Three difh~rent expeditions are moving from different I)oints upon Clifts men. I fear they will disperse and take to the mountain f~stnesses, eluding our forces. A Pensacola regiment, I learn is at Chattanooga, and a regiment from Virginia is near Ehizabethton, I hear. The present in- dications are that the tories are about being rapidly overwhelmed. I am seizing arms of Unioii men known to be inimical to Confederate Government, and hope in this way to arm Carrolls men who are not already armed. I propose to take and strengthen a position between Monticello and Somerset, giving us facilities for commanding the Cum- berland I~i~er, the coal region supplying Nashville, & c. If I can clear the banks of the Cumberland of our enemies, supplies may this winter be furnished ns by boats from Nashville. So soon as the state of things will justify, I would be pleased that General Carrolls brigade would support me in a forward movement. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- Generat Page 245 CHAP. XII.] REVOLT OF THE UNiONISTS IN EAST TENN. 245 P. S.J should probably state to you more in detail what I tele- graphed on the 15th, that I have information I think reliable that the enemy have no infantry nearer Cumberland Gap than London, where there are four regiments. They have about 200 cavalry at Barbours- yule. They have, I think, three regiments at Somerset, and are raising a fonrth. They have a regiment at Crab Orchard, one at Pockeastle Camp, and one at Camp Dick Robinson. I suppose they have ~ regi- ment of cavalry at Somerset and near Monticello. Myinformation is that six regiments, under General Nelson, advanced on Prestonburg, before whom Colonel Williams has retired through the Pound Gap. Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Chattanooga, Tenn., November 17, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War, Richmond: SIR: In obedience to orders two regiments moved to this point. Af- fairs are not so bad as reported. Suppose that Col. S. A. M. Wood has reported to the War Department a full account of his expedition against Clift and the breaking np of his camp. Five prisoners taken with arms. To-night I send a reconnoitering force to north Chickamanga Creek, where the citizens are mostly disloyal, and a good many in Ol)CII rebell- ion. As soon as snfficient information can be obtained a larger force will be sent to capture Chift and his troops. So soon as they return I will move to join General Zollicoffer at Jacksborongh. Regret that arms suitable for service cannot be procured in Tennessee. Have left nothing undone in attempting to obtain them. So far, however, have secured only common rifles, double-barreled shot-gnus, and flint-lock muskets, very few being at all serviceable. The boring and rifling machine in the ordnance departitment at Memphis failed entirely to meet expecta- tions. Have 604) rifles distributed for repairing at Mnrfreesborough, Pulaski, and Nashville, but can get no information as to the time it will take to finish them. Would thank you to order 2,400 guns from Savan- nah. Half arm me, and I will give you a good report at the earliest op- portunity. Colonel Amys regiment will move to join me in a few days. He needs a few companies. They are reported, but not in camp. I in- close you a copy of oath and bond I have taken from Union prisoners taken before my arrival. Very respectfully, W. H. CARROLL, Brigadier- General. [Inciosure.] We, ___ and , acknowledge ourselves indebted to the Confederate States of America, jointly and severally, in the sum of $10,000, but to be void if shall faithfully and honestly support the Constitution and laws of the Confederate States of America, and if he shall faithfully and honestly render true allegiance to said Confederate States in all things; and if he shall not directly or indi- rectly, by writing, talking, or otherwise, seditiously or rebelliously at- tempt to excite prejudice in the mind of any person or persons against the existence, perpetuity, or prosperity of said Confederate States; and if he shall not in any manner, directly or indirectly, aid, assist, encou Page 246 246 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL age, or advise the United States or an thereof in the present war y officer, agent, or adherent against the Confederate States. Witness onr hands and seals this November, 1861. I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully and honestly snpport the Constitution and laws of the Confederate States of America, and I will faithfully and honestly render tine allegiance to said Confederate States in all things and in every particular; and I further swear that I will not directly or indirectly, by talking, writing, or otherwise, seditionsly or rebelliously attempt to excite prejudice in the mind of any person or persons against the existence, perpetnity, or prosperity of said Coufed- erate States; nor will I in any inanuer, directly or indirectly, aid, assist, encourage, or advise the United States, or any officer, agent, or adher- ent thereof; in the present war against the Confederate States. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Knoxville, November 17, 1861. General S. COOPER, Richmond, Va.: SIR: The passes in the Cumberland Mountains at and near Jacks- borough have been blockaded in such a manner as to prevent an army train of th~*nemy from crossing over into Tennessee. The fortifications at Cumberland Gap are now very strong. The enemy cannot now cross the Cumberland Mountains with a train anywhere between Pound Gap, in virginia, and Jacksborough, Teun., a distance of 120 miles. The regi- ments of Colonels Stathamn, Newman, Cummings, Battle, and First Battalion Sixteenth Alabama llegiinent, with Branners battalion of Cavalry and Rutledges battery, are now moving in the direction of Monticello, Ky., by way of Wartburg and Jamestown, Teun. The gen- eral in command came rapidly to this place last night, to learn definitely the movements of the tories along the line of railroad and in this por- tion of the State generally. He deems it unnecessary to remain longer here, and will leave this evening. General Carroll is at Chattanooga with two regiments half armed. He has been ordered to move such of his command to this place as is not in pursuit of Clift (a leading tory in Hamilton County) and his followers. Three expeditions are moving from different points upon Clifts men, but it is feared they will disperse and escape to the mountains. A Pensacola regiment is at Chattanooga, and a Virginia regiment at Elizabethton, as we are informed. The present indications are that the tories are about to be overwhelmed. The arms of the Union men known to be inimical to the Confederate Government are being seized, and in this way it is hoped that Carrolls men will soon be armed. The general proposes to take and strengthen a position between Monticello and Somerset, so as to command the Cumn- berland River and the coal region. Having command of the Camber- land River, supplies can be obtained from Nashville by boats. So soon as the state of things will justify, the general would be glad to have General Carrolls brigade to support him in a forward movement. From the best information we now have the enemy has four regi- ments at London, three at Somerset, and raising a fonrth; one at Crab Orchard, one at Rockeastle, one at Camp Dick Robinson, and 20() cav- alry at Barboursville. It is thought there is a regiment of cavalry at or near Somerset. Six regiments under General Nelson advanced o Page 247 CHAP. XIII REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 247 Prestonburg, before whom Colonel Williams retired through Pound Gap, and was at Big Stone Gap the last account we had of him. Very respectfully, POLLOK B. LEE, Assistant Adjutant- General. CnATTANOo~A, Norember 17, 1861. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War: DEAR SIR: The undersigned has the honor to report that he was ordered to this place on last Mqnday, the 11th instant, by Major-Gen- eral Bragg, with eight companies of his command, the Seventh Regi- ment of Alabama Volunteers. Left Pensacola at 4 oclock Monday; arrived at Chattanooga at 5 oclock Thursday afternoon. I arranged by telegraph with Col. William B. Wood, of the Sixteenth Alabama Regiment, who had come from Knoxville to Athens, to make a siinul- raneous movement across the Tennessee Riverhe from Cottonport by way of Decatur and the Seventh Regiaient from Chattanooga. I also ordered Colonel Gillespie and Colonel Tibbs, who were at the head of 300 mounted Home Guards, to cross in two parties of 150 each, on the right and left of the place where my regiment would land on the north side of the river, one party 8 miles above, the other 8 miles below me; and then all the different commands to move at daylight Friday morn- ing from the Tennessee River to the supposed encampment of the enemy on Sale Creek. The Seventh Regiment, under the immediate command of my lieu- tenant-colonel (Coltart) were put on a steamboat, as soon as they could cook their rations for four days, about 1~ oclock Thursday night, and just at daylight were landed ~7 miles from Chattanooga, within 9 miles of the camp of the insurgents. I accompanied this part of the coni- man4. A column was formed, skirmishers thrown out, and every man and woman and negro detained as we advanced. We reached the camp ground about 11 oclock, where about 300 of mounted Home Guards from Rhea County had arrived about five minutes in advance. Our skirmishers ordered them to halt as soon as we met, and, as they failed to do so, five guns were fired upon them as they rode off. One man slightly wounded. They then saw our flag aiid bayonets, and, recognizing us, halted partly, and we soon knew each other. The insurgents dispersed the night before xve arrived , after holding a council of war, in which they undertook to determine what they should do. They voted upon three propositions, there being about 200 present: 1st. Should they stay and fight ~ Ayes, 4Colonel Clift, Lieutenant- Colonel Shelton, Mr. Pearson, and another. 2d. Shouki they endeavor to reach Kentucky l Nearly 100 voted to do so. 3d. The others voted to disperse. In the night they all broke up, about 10 or 12 going with Colonel Clift, who is now hid in the mountains; 65 with a Captain Sullivan, who marched toward Kentucky, but who is probably still in the hills. The others fled in every way, and are hid about their respective homes or at work, denying that they had any share in the matter. I have about 12 prisonerssome of them found on their way to Sullivan, with arms, and rations cooked for six days. I ordered Col. William B. Wood. back to Knoxville. The mounted men are all still scouring the cou Page 248 248 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. (CHAP. XTh try. I have returned with ray regiment to this place. I agreed to pay the steamboat $100 for the two (lays trip an(l carrying 6o0 men. I find on my return to this place General W. U. Carroll, with three Tenitessee regiments and a company of artillery with gnus. in my Opil)iOII 500 infantry or one regiment here for instruction, encamped at Tyners, 15 mi1e~ from the city, where two bridges were burned on the railroad, and where flue soldiers will get no whisky, and one, company of good mounted riflemen, can keep this part of the coUntry perfectly quiet. They can also guar(l the Government provisions at this point. General Carroll has just informed me that he will move a l)art of his command over to Sequatchie Valley and make a demonstration there, and then move on ~vith all but one regiment to Knoxville. I most re- spectfully suggest that, if not needed here any longer, my regiment may be ordered back to the command of General Bragg, or I may be placed in charge of this post, with some rank and instructions that will enable me to control matters at this point for the interest of the Gov- ernment. I have the honor to refer to an application I have made to the War Department. I find the citizens here have confidence in my movements, and I also find, with great respect for the present superior officers, that I have been much longer in the service and have been trained in a different school from any of these men. I am now really the commander of these forces, and refer to the recommendation of General Bragg in sending me here, and to what you will hear from him in a few days as to my qualifications. - With great respect, your obedient servant, S. A. M. WOOD, Colonel Seventh Regiment, Alabama Volunteers. CHATTANOOGA, November 17, 1861. Major-General BRAGG, Pensacola, Pta.: DEAR SIR AND GENERAL: I have the honor to report to you for your information the following with regard to the Seventh Regiment: We arrive~ at this place on Thursday, at 5 oclock. I came through and arrived on Thnrs& y morning, but the burning of the bridge forced the regiment around by Cleveland, where I met it at 11 oclock, amid came down with it. At Cleveland I arranged with Col. XV. B. Wood by telegraph to make a joimit movement on the fo, ces of the insnrgents, and ordered him to proceed by way of Cottonport auid l)ecatur to their camp ground on Sale Creek. I also ordered 300 mounted Home Guards, nnder Colonels Gillespie and Tibbs, accompanied by a lieutenant of my command, to move in two parties across the river, one to cross at day- light Friday morning 8 miles above where my regimemut would cross and the other 8 miles below me. Between suimdown and 11 oclock Thursday night the Seventh Regiment prepared rations fQr three days, and I chartered a steamboat for three days for $100, and put the whole regiment oim it. At daylight we landed 27 miles from this place and 9 miles from the camp of the traitors. Column was formed, skirruislm- ers thrown out, and we marched through, detaining men, women, and negroes, as we went on, to prevent ammy information to time enemny. We arrived at the canup ground (formerly a Cumberland Presbyterian camp- meeting place) at 11 oclock. A body of 300 mounted Home Guards reached the camp ground from IRhea County five minutes before us, and had advanced 200 yards towards us in a lane. In some houses mmear there a large number of women, seeing our approach, were screaming Page 249 CHAP. XII.I REVOLT OF THE UNIONISTS IN EAST TENN. 249 and one or two Lincolnites were trying to escapeone on foot we had just captured. Our skirmishers surrounded the house, which increased the noise, aud commanded the horsemen, now forming line of battle, to halt, but they turned and fled. Five shots were fired at them, wound- ing slightly 1 man in the foot, and 1 of their horses; also wounding a Lincoluite who was flying about 200 yards beyond them, in the shoulder. The whole squadron was then soon out of sight at a fierce gallop. Their cal)tain caught sight of our banner and returned, and we found them friends. The Lincolnites number 300; had met the night before our arrival, and voted on three propositions: 1st. Should they fight? Ayes 4, noes 2J6. 2d. Should they go to Kentucky? Ayes 65, noes all the others. 3d. Should they disperse? Ayes about 230, noes about 70. They then all fled the camp, the 4 fighting men going with the colo- nel, named Clift; the 65 towards Kentucky, with their major, named Sullivan; the others, with the lieutenant-colonel, scattering to their homes and the mountains. Col. William B. Wood was now within 7 miles of me. My mounted men had not come up. I ordered Colonel Wood back to Knoxville, and I ordered all the mounted men to pursue and capture the 65 going to Kentucky. Staid all night at the camp ground. Many good citizens, who had been robbed of their guns anti property, came to see us. The next morning took a diff~rent road to return, ordering the steamboat up the river. Arrested about 12 traitors, 5 with gnus and knives, bound for Sullivans camp. They are the most miserable, ignorant, poor, ragged devils I ever saw. Reached the boat at 11 oclock; came down 16 miles, landed, and sent out two comnpanies under Major Russell (I accompanying them) to visit the house of Colonel Clift. He was not there. His house looks as if it belonged to some crazy mana large two-story frame building with half the windows out; no furniture, and all in decay. Found a letter from him to Shel- ton (lieutenant-colonel), dated Noveniber 6, giving the place of the rally- ing. Returned, and reached this place at 9 oclock at night. This morning have moved the regiment out to the burned bridges, 15 miles, so as to get out of the way of whisky, and to encamp among the Lin- colnites. When I arrived Colonel Leadbetter was not here. A Ten- nessee regiment without arms was just arriving. All in confusion; a general panic; everybody running up and down, and adding to the general alarm. I issued in order takimmg command; put the town under martial law; shut up the groceries; forbade any exit, by railroad or otherwise, without a permit from provost-mnarshal; had every avenue guarded; arres: ed about 12 persons who were talking Lincolnism be- fore I came. Arrested a man myself on the cars as I went to Cleve- land, and brought him back. Found him one of their traveling agents, going off with the news of my arrival. I have relieved all our friemmds in his country. All were alarmed; all are now resting easy. I have run all he Lincoimmites. Upon my return here I find that Brigadier-General Carroll, of the Provhdonal Army, formerly postmaster at Memphis, Tenn., is here with two muore Temmuessee regiments and one company flying artillery. Gen- eral Carroll has just been appointed. He has been (Irunk miot less than five years. He is stupi(l, but easily controlled. He knows nothing, and I believe I can do wi h him pretty much as I please. He is going to sen(i two pieces of artillery and 500 men to march up and down Se- quatchie Valleya useless expenditure of money. The presence of so nmany troops here is wholly unnecessary. He has, however, only 80 Page 250 250 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL stand of arms. What the others will do I (lo not know. He speaks of going to Knoxville in a few days. General 1-lardee is now moving to Eastern Kentucky to join Zollicoffer with 13,000 men. Colonel Lead- better telegraphed inc from Bristol to disperse the traitors, station guards at bridges, and move on to Knoxville, but if I station guards my regiment is all gone. I am now dispersing the insurgents, and shall keep at it from this point until I hear from the War Department or you, or again from Colonel Leadbetter. General Carroll i~i1l not detaimi me. I refer you to a letter inclosed for some of my private views.* I desire, unless I can get some command here, to come back to you. If I can- Hot order and have the same discipline, then let me conic where I will find it. I write this that you may know what they have set inc to doing. I would have been gratified could you have seen our 9-miles march. I believe you would have been satisfied wii h the closed the silence, the activity, and great desire of the men for action. I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, S. A. M. WOOD, Colonel, Comdg. Seventh Regiment Alabama Volunteers. [IndorsementI This was probably not intended to be forwarded, but containing much information whict~ may be of interest to the Department, 1 for- ward it. BIIAXTOX BRAGG, ]Jiliajor-Ueneral, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS, Knoxville, November 20, 1861. SIR: The rebellion in East Tennessee has been put down in some of the counties, and will be effectually suppressed in less than two weeks in all thc counties. Their camps in Scvicr and hamilton Conuties have been broken up, and a large number of them made prisoners. Some are confined in jail at this place and others sent to Nashville. In a former communication 1 inquired of the Department what I should do with thetn. lt is a mere farce to arrest them and turn them over to the courts. Instead of having the effect to intimidate it really gives encouragement and emboldens them in their traitorous conduct. We have now in custody some of their leadersJudge Patterson, the son-in-law of Andrew Johmmson; Colonel Pickens, the senator in the legislature from Sevier and other counties, and several niembers of the legislature, besides others of influence and some distinction in their counties. These men have encouraged this rebellion, but have so man- aged as not to be found in arnis. Nevertheless, all their actions and words have been unfriendly to the Governnieiit of the Confederate States. The influence of their wealth, position, and connections has been excrte(l in favor of the Lincolmi Government, and they are the parties most to blame for the troubles in East Tennessee. They really - deserve the gallows, an(l if consistent with the laws ought speedily to receive their deserts; but there is such a gentle 5l)irit of conciliation in the South, and especially here, that I have no idea that one of them Not found Page 251 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 251 will receive such a sentence at the hands of any jnry impaneled to try them. I have been here at this station for three months, half the time in command of the post, and I have had a good opportunity of learning the feeling pervading this country. It is hostile to the Confederate Government. They will take the oath of allegiance with no intention to observe it. They are the followers and slaves of Johnson and May- nard, and never intend to be otherwise. When arrested they suddenly become very submissive, and declare they are for peace and not sup- porters of the Lincoln Government, but yet they claim to be Union men. At one time, whilst our forces were at Kiioxville, they gave it out that great changes were taking place in East Tennessee, and the people were becoming reconciled and loyal. At the withdrawal of the army from here to the Gap, and the first intimation that the Lincoln army was like to peiietrate the State, they were in arms, and scarcely a man, with only a few honorable exceptions, but what was ready to join them and make war upon us. The prisoners we have tell us that they had every assurance that the army was already in the State, and would join them in a very few days; that the property of Southern men was to be confiscated and divided amongst those who would take up arms for Lincoln. I have to request, at least,that the prisoners I have taken be held,if not as traitors, as prisoners of war. To release them is ruinous; to convict them before a court at this time next to an impossibility; but if they are kept in prison for six months it will have a good effl~ct. The bridge-burners and spies ought to be tried at once, and I respectfully request that instructions be forwarded at as early a day as practicable, as it needs prompt action to dispose of these cases. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. WOOD, Colonel, Commanding Post. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War. CORRESPONDENCE, GIRDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TEN- NESSEE FROM JULY 1 TO NOVEMBER 19, 1801. UNION COIRIRESIPONDENCE, ETC. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., Jnly 1, 1801. Lient. WILLIAM NELSON, U. S. N., Cincinnati, Ohio: Sin: Your services having been l)laced at the disposal of the War Department for the performance of a special duty, the Secretary of War directs me to communicate to you the following instructions: It being the fixed purpose of the General Government to maintain the Constitution and execute the laws of the Union and to protect all loyal citizens in their constitutional rights, the Secretary directs that you muster into the service of the United States five regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry in East Tennessee, and one regiment of int~intry in West Tennessee, to receive pay when called into active ~erv- ice by this Department. You will designate the regimental and com- pamy officers, having due respect for the preferences of the regiment Page 252 252 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. and companies, and send their names to this office for commission. The Ordnance Bureau will forward to Cincinnati, Ohio, 10,000 stands of arms and accouterments, six pieces of field artillery, two smooth and two rifle bore car?non, and two mountain howitzers, and ample supplies of ammu- nition, to be carried thence through Kentucky into East Tennessee, in such manner as you may direct, for distribution among the men so mustered into service and men organized as Union Home Guards. You will also, at the same time, mnster into the service; or designate some suitable person so to do, in Southeast Kentucky, three regiments of in- fantry, to be commanded and officered in the same manner as herein provided for the Tennessee regiments. All of the regiments aforesaid will be raised for service in East and West Tennessee and adjacent counties and in East Kentucky. Blank muster rolls and the usual instructions to mustering officers will be sent to you from this office, and in carrying out this order you are author- ized to employ such service and use such means as yoa may deem expedient and proper for its faithful execution. You will likewise report frequently to this office as you progress with your work. I am, sir, & c., L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. CINCINNATI, OHIo, July 16, 1861. To the ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY: SIR: For your information I beg to report what has been accom. plished towards the Tennessee expedition. On Sunday, 14th, I met the princil)al gentlemen of Southeast Ken- tucky at Lancaster, Ky., and Crab Orchard, and after examining the whole question I appointed Speed S. Fry, of Danville, to be colonel of the First Regiment f Jnfantry in the expedition; Theophilus T. Garrard, of Clay County, Colonel of the Second; Thomas E. Bramlette, of Adair, colonel of the Third, and Frank L. Wolford, of Casey County, to be lieutenant-colonel of the cavalry regiment authorized, reserving the colonelcy for W. -J. Landrarn, who served in a cavalry regiment during the war with Mexico. Runners were immediately started in all direc- tions, and thirty companies of infantry and five of cavalry will soon be raisedsooner, in fact, than the arms, & c., will reach here for them. To each of the colonels I addressed a letter, a copy of which is inclosed herewith, the place of rendezvous only differing. The transportation of 13,000 stand of arms, with ammunition, accouterments, artillery with its ammunition, & c., also supplies and camp equipage from Cincinnati be- yond the Cumberland Gap, a distance of 240 umiles, is an undertaking of no little labor. To Nicholasville, Ky.. 110 miles, I shall forward them by railroad; thence to Crab Orchard, 34 miles, is a good turnpike road; thence to the Gap, 96 miles, is a tolerable dirt road. I have directed the captains of the armed Home Guard at Nicholas- ville to furnish a sufficient guard for the stores while detained at that place, and also detailed a guard to escort the trains along the road and guard all the bridges to Crab Orchard, where I have ordered five coin- panics to rendezvous immediately to guard the depot at that place, Crab Orchard being at the end of the turnpike. There the wagons must be unloaded and reloaded, for a wagoi~ can haul doable on a good pike than on a dirt road. Crab Orchard becomes necessarily the depot of the expedition. The number of wagons to be hired will be large. lit is cheaper to hire than to purchase. The articles to be transporte Page 253 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC UNION. 253 will afford you the best idea of the scale of transportation necessary; 13,000 muskets, weighing 185,000 pounds; am munition, weighing 54,000 pounds; accouterments, weighing 75,000 pounds; rations, weighing 250,000 pounds; artillery, ammunition therefor, camp equipage, teuts, & c. A good wagon can haul on a dirt road about 2,000 pounds. It will require 350 wagon loads to carry this farther. I have ordered 120 wagons to meet me at Crab Orchard. The gaps in the mountains arc all guarded by rebel ti~oops, but not in sufficient numbers to l)revent my going through whichever gap I may select, there being seven. The one that affords the most easy access I will of course choose. I want 100 broken mules for pack-mules, with proper pack-saddles. Without them I will be confined in my move- ments to roads that are passable for wagons. With tlietu 1 can move 1,000 men by a bridle-path through the mountains any reasonable dis- tance. They are absolutely necessary to the success of the un(lertak- ing, and I shall go on and procure them on four months time, which is the usual method in Kentucky. In reference to rations, I have stricken out everything but the sub- stantials, retaining only bacon, pork, flour, coffee, sugar, and vine~ar. These I have purchased at sixty days after de1ivery. In reference to clothing, I have directed the purchase of 10,000 flannel shirts; 10~000 pairs of socks; 5,000 hats; 5,000 pairs of pants, 5,000 pairs of shoes; all which, as well as the I)urchases before mentioned, were purchased at the same prices that the quartermaster and commis- sary pay here, and from the same persons mostly. Also 2,500 pairs of blankets; 5,000 haversacks; 5,000 knapsacks; 5,000 canteens. I shall forward to-day estimates to the Quartermaster-General and the Commissary-General of the amounts of articles required in their departments, including besides the foregoing camp equipage only that which is absolutely necessary for the regiments authorized. I have to request that Dr. J. J. Mathews, of Louisville, Ky., lately appointed a brigade surgeon, may be ordered to report to me for service in the expedition. Owing to the absolute necessity of guarding these stores in their transit through Kentucky from destruction by the secessionists, I will muster in the companies now on duty immediately. The main body will be upon active duty from the hour of their arrival at their rendez- vous, and I have to request that their pay will commence from that time. The only cash payments I propose making are for the service of the daily transportation. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. NELSON. CINCINNATI, OHIO, July 30, 1861. Maj. Gen. GEORG1~ B. MCCLELLAN, War Department: From reliable information I learn that about 7,000 or 8,000 Mississippi and Tennessee troops have left Corinth, Union City, Camps Cheatham and Trousdale for Eastern Virginia. About 2,400 Tennessecans from Mound City have gone down the Ten- nessee River to Big Sandy, where they have boats; thence they intend going by Paducali and receive re-enforcements; thence to Caledonia, on Ohio River. above Cairo, and land. A portion are to cross to illi- nois Central Railroad traCk and destroy bridges. The batteries of 3 Page 254 254 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. and 64 pounders I informed you of, which were at Dover, on the Cum- berland River, are to go with this division. They have also eight 6-pounders and four 12-pounders. Troops sickly and discontented. Ammunition rather scarce. All armed with mixed description of mus- kets and rifles. I telegraphed you on the 12th to Roaring River, Virginia, of Tennessee and Arkansas troops going by White River to Pocahontas and Pitmans Ferry; to this I have to add that on the 23d, 24th, and 25th instant about 12,000 troops from Union City, Randolph, Memphis, and other points left Randolph by steamer John Walsh and four more boats for New Madrid, Mo., distant from Bloomfield, on the other side of the Great East Swamp, about 30 miles, over which I have just discovered a good plank road. Bloomfield is distant from Pitmans Ferry 55 miles by good county road. A portion of the troops landed at New Madrid are to march to Blooinfleld and join the troops from Pocahontas and Pitmans Ferry, thence proceed to Thebes, Ill., opposite Cape Girardeau. All boats are to be stopped going down the Mississippi at Cape Girardea~i, while the forces at New Madrid are to stop all boats coming up, and the troops going down the Tennessee River are to stop all the boats on the Ohio, and a simultaneous advance made on Cairo and Birds Point from Thebes and the Ohio bank. in the rear of Cairo, and the expedition from New Madrid. The rebels have taken possession of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad for their exclusive use. I know the camp at Cairo and Birds Point is full of spies, good fellows, and gay ladies, who are bestowing their favors on and spending their money liberally with the general and regimental officers. I do not say they reside in the camp, but they visit it daily, and by some means also at night. The rebels are in possession of ac- curate drawings of the whole defenses at these points, corrected daily when necessary. Rosecrans telegraphs me from Clarksburg, Va., that he fears there is something wrong with Cox, as he has not heard from him since the 26th. All was right when my men left Cox. He is reported to have left Charlestondirection of the GauleyWise retreating. I advised Cox fully of the dangerous points between Charleston and the Gauley. Will send men there and investigate and report to you and Rosecrans, as he desires. E. J. ALLEN. GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPT, ADJT. GEN.S OFFICE, No. 57. f I (ashinyton, August 15, 1861. I. The States of Kentucky* and Tennessee will in future constitute a separate military command, to be known as the Department of the Cumberland, under the command of Brig. Gen. Robert Anderson, U. S. Army. * * * * * * * By order: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. * So much of this State as lay within 100 rnilcs of the Ohio River had coustitnted the Department of Kentucky, nuder General Andersons command.(Gcneral Orders, No. 27, A. G. 0., Washington, May 28, laGi. Page 255 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 255 EXECUTIVE MANSION, August 17, 1861. Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR: M~ DEAR Sin: Unless there be reason to the contrary, not known to me, ~make out a commission for Simon [B.] Bucliner, of Kentucky, as a brigadier-general of volunteers. It is to be put into the hands of General Anderson, and delivered to General Buckner or not~ at the discretion of General Anderson. Of course it is to remain a secret unless and until the commission is delivered. Yours, truly, A. LINCOLN. [Indorsement.] Same day made. INDIANAPOLIS, August 29 1861. THOMAS A. SCOTT: I earnestly hope that the Government will not lose a moment in pre- paring for the crisis in Kentucky. A large force should be concentrated at EVansville, and another at such points that they can be thrown in Louisville in a frw hours, that they may be nsed in interior of Kentucky. Five th4usand are needed for militia in the Indiana border counties. Send any of the altered muskets or whatever can be had. Can you not send some artillery for the defense of our river townsl There is a large number of old-style guns in the arsenal at Pittsburg. The volunteering goes on with unabated vigor. With assurances of good arms we can run our regiments up to forty. 0. P. MORTON, Governor. INDIANAPOLIS, August 29 1861. THOMAS A. SCOTT: Civil war in Kentucky is inevitable. The advices from my secret scouts leave no doubt on this subject. A force should be provided, ready to march to the support of Union men at a moments warning. All the State arms having been put into the hands of the State troops, it is of the first importance to l)rovide arms for the Home Guard in the border counties. Too much importance cannot be attached to this subject. 0. P. MORTON. CINCINNATI, OHIO, September 1, 1861. Secretary CIIASE: Just arrived. Hardly time to form an intelligent opinion of the state of affairs in Kentucky. Met several gentlemen of Louisville, who seem to think an invasion from Tennessee immediately threatened. We need everything, arms, accouterments, & c., but with the promises we had iu Washington need an abundant supply of money. We will do all that is possible. Will report further from day to day. Please have as many regiments as possible placed, subject to my orders an Page 256 256 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. within call, in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Do not let General Buell be diverted. I must have him. ROBERT ANDERSON~ Brigadier- General. INDIANAPOLIS, September 2, 1861. Hon. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of IVar: At the risk of being considered troublesome I will say the conspiracy to precipitate Kentucky into revolution is eoml)lete. The blow may be struck at any moment, and the southern border is lined with Tennessee troops, ready to march at the instant the Government is ready to meet them. If we lose Kentucky now, God help us. 0. P. MORTON, Go vernor of Indiana. INDIANAPoLIS, September 2, 1861. President~LINcoLN: Kentucky desires that Governor Morton be authorized to send at once to the Ohio River five regiments and two batteries, including Colonel Wallaces regiment. This is also the desire of General An- derson. We are here representing the views of the Union men of Kentucky to the Governor of Indiana. Governor Morton is apprised of this dispatch and concurs. J. T. BOYLE, JOHN J. SPEED, Of Louisville. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MISSOURI, Cairo, Iii., September 7, 1861. Brig. Gen. E. A. PAINE, Commanding Post, i~adueah, ~q.: I have just received instructions from General Fr6mont, Saint Louis, that the detachment of Colonel Oglesbys regiment shall remain at Paducah until re-enforcements arrive from Saint Louis, which will be in a few days. You will therefore consider the order from General Grant to return the detachment superseded, and the detachment will remain at your post until further orders. I am expecting Colonel Smiths regiment from Cape Girardeau every hour, and they will im- mediately proceed to Padncah. General Grant has gone to Jackson to see what forces can be spared there. He will return to-day. WM. S. HILLYEJI, Captain and Aide-de- Camp. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MISSOURI, Cairo, Iii., September 7, 1861. Brig. Gen. JOHN A. MCCLERNAND, Commanding, & c., Cairo, Ill.: You will please detail a regiment of infantry and two pieces of light artillery to proceed without delay to Paducab, Ky., to be placed upon their arrival nnder the command of General E. A. Paine, commanding post. You will also furnish such steamboat transportation as may be necessary. WM. S. IIILLYEII, Captain and Aide-de. Camp Page 257 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 257 HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MISSOURI, Cairo, Ill., September 7, 1861. Brig. Gen. C. F. SMITH, Commanding Post, Paducah, Kj.: In accordance with telegraphic instructions received from Major- General Fr~inont, you will throw up eartliworks and plant guns at Paducali, but make no advance. You will occupy Smithiand with four companies if they can be spared. Heavy guns will be received here to-morrow and next day, and as many as you will require, not exceed- ing six, will be sent you. You will please report the number you desire. By order of Brigadier-General Grant: WM. S. HILLYER, Captain and Aide-de-Camp. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 2. f Cincinnati, Ohio, September 7, 1861. I. The headquarters of this department are thereby removed from this point to Louisville, Ky. * * * * * * * By order of Brigadier-General Anderson: OLIVER P. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 3. f Louisville, Ky., September 10, 1861. I. Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas, having reported for duty, will repair to Camp Dick Robinson, and will assume comiuand of the brigade organized there. Lieutenant Nelson, U. S. Navy, who has done such good seivice to the cause of the Union by the zeal and untiring eiiergy he has displayed iu providing and distributing arms to the Union men of Kentucky, and in collecting and organizing troops at Camp Dick Robinson, will a the thanks of the brigadier-general commanding, and who will be pleased to see Lieutenant Nelson and confer with him in reference to further action he may be charged with in this depart- ment. By order of Brigadier-General Anderson: C. B. THROCKMORTON, Acting Aide dc-Camp. INDIANAPOLIS, AND., September 12, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War: The war in Kentucky has commenced. Bowling Green has been seized by the secessionists. Will you not order one regiment to Evans- ville immediately, to act under the direction of Major-General Love, of Indiana ~ Can you not send some arms at once ~ Our border is nearly defenseless. Let me entreat you to give this your attention at once. 0. P. MORTON, Governor of Indiana. 17 R RYOL I Page 258 258 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. FRANKFORT, Ky., September 14, 1861. General THOMAS: SIR: A committee from the Union caucus, composed of the members of the legislature, go to Louisville to-night; they return Monday morning. We advise that you do nothing as to the occupation of Mr. Bowlcrs road until the committee see and confer freely with General Anderson. It would be well if you could come down and see the committee. We suppose it would be best that both the main road~ be simultaneously occupied, unless you should learn something making it necessary to act. Doubtless you and General Anderson are fully posted and may have matured a plan as to these roads; if you have not, you can know Gen- eral Andersons I)laIls here on Monday morning. Respectfully, yours, JOHN F. FISK, Speaker of the Senate. RJCHD A. BUCKNER, Speaker of the house. BERRY, Ky., September 14, 1861. General THOMAS: You will here see a plan of operation submitted for your consideration. First, perhaps a reconnaissance of the principal points should be had by yourself & c. The movement on railroad must be a profound secret or the bridges ~vill be burned. Then, say, a simultaneous movement [from] Camp Rob- inson and Covington, starting so a~ to be through before (laylight. (Trust not the wires.) At the long tunnel, 11 miles south of Covington, leave 100 men; at Grassy Creek, 26 miles south of Covington, leave 300 men; at Falmouth, 39 miles south of Covington, leave 400 men; [at] a small bridge or two near Morgan Station, and np to Boyds, 14 miles, (Stowers, secesh, l)art owner of railroad), 100 nuemi; from Boyds to Cynthiana unsat~secesh armed companies. At Berrys Station and Boyds troops would be with friends; and although the bridge [is only] 2 miles from Berrys, I think it would be safer to emucamnp near that place, as all the land or stations from Berrys to Cynthiana are secesh. Say at Berrys place 500 muen, to scour, & c.; at Cynthiamma two cannon and 1,000; from Cynthiana to Paris, except Kisers (I consider unsafe at Kisers place), 100; at Paris two cannon and 1,200; thence to Lexing- ton (not much danger at Lexington), 80; total, 3,780. What I mean by unsafe is that a small number of men as marked [sic] could not withstand the secesh force in those localities, and my opinion is that they will fight if they can get the advantage. This all done up in order, and the legislature order out 20,000 troops for sixty days, and [the] rebellion will be flat in Kentucky. Awl last and not least, a bill of pains and l)enalties will be passed by our legislature, and the 20,000 troops will insure the enforcement of draft bill. Respectfully, G. W. BERRY. HEADQUARTERS DEPAETMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., September iS, 1861. His Excellency Governor MORTON, Indianapolis: M~ DEAR GOVERNOR: I mast thank you for the kindness and great courtesy with which you received my friend and colaborer Genera Page 259 CHAP. XIII CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION 259 Sherman. Events are hastening on which may compel me to take the field before I am ready. Should the necessity arise, and I think the cloud is so threatening that it may be wise for me not to wait any long~r, I hope you will give onr dear native State all the aid you can. The movemeiits recently made by Polk and Zollicoffer show that they will make another move as soon as they are ready. The bearer of this note, Captain Prime, is a very discreet, judicious soldier, and will give you my views. If you can let me have a sufficient number of troops, and I find that I am not too late, I will intimate to you the desire that you shall throw your force forward by simply telegraphing Yes. It would add greatly to our strength if you could spare a battery of artillery. I am interrupted and must close. I have the honor to subscribe myseli; with sincere regard and respect, ROBERT ANDERSON, Bigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commaitding. PARIS, Ky., September 16, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS: BEAR SIi~: Not being possessed of the future military plans of the Uuited States Government, 11 am not prepared to offer you any views that even I myself would consider to be entitled to any reflection. Nevertheless, believing it to be both the expectation and the 1)ulpose of the administration to overcome the military power of the Confederate States and to give effective relief to the Union men of East Tennessee, and also that Kentucky is now an active party to the war, I will on these general assumptions give you a few thoughts. The most pressing duty is to give Kentucky all the protection 1)05- sible; to that end Paducah ought to be held by aii adequate United States force, and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad ought to be taken possession of at once by the military authorities as far south as Bowling Green, and a strong force put there and strong works thrown up for its protection. All the force that can be obtained from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Mis- souri ought to be put in camp at proper points on the Ohio and Mis- sissippi Rivers, and be diligently drilled and prepared for service. The recruiting of the three years men in Kentucky should be pressed with the utmost activity and ought to be brought up to 15,000 or 20,000. The legislature should authorize the raising of 40,000 twelve-month& men in Kentucky by volunteering and drafting, to be mustered imme- diately into the service of the United States. Men are of no efficiency without arms, and one of the most serious wants for troops to be raised in this State is a proper and sufficient sup- ply of anus. If the arms were at suitable depots, the men could soon be raised. By the time the General Government could be ready to move on East Tennessee from Western Virginia and on Memphis from Missouri, and down the Mississippi, the forces from and through Ken- tucky would be ready to move on East Tennessee by the Cumnber- land Gal), on Middle Tennessee and Nashville from Bowling Green, and towards Memphis from Paducah, and the different colmuns could continue their march towards the Atlantic coast and occupy North an(l South Carolina and Georgia, whilst the fleets and other armies were tak- ing possession of all the ports in those States. the first ~vork to be (lone for Kentucky is for the United States t Page 260 260 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. have at convenient points at the earliest day a full supply of proper arms, and for General Anderson and our legislature to have an immedi- ate and perfect understanding, and then the promptest concurrence of actiou. Let General Anderson at once and in distinct and precise terms inform Union members of the legislature what he desires that body to do, and, it being thus clearly informed, let it proceed to do it. It is no time for the parties to be procrastinating or palavering when they un- derstand each other. General Anderson ought first and immediately to take military possession of the railroads and telegraphic lines in the State, to be the master of all the coinmnnications that woLild be a potent signal, that would bring every true Union man in the State to his utmost exertions to give the most execution to such programme as might be agreed upon. I have given a few views crudely but frankly. Respectfully, your obedient servant, GARRETT DAVIS. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, AS4tember 17, 1861. Brig. Gen. G. H. THOMAS, U. S. A., Commanding Camp Dick T~obinson: GENERAL: Your letter of the 16th instant has just been received. I will send a supply of buck and ball cartridges (at least 100,000) as 80011 ~s they arrive; they have been ordered, and will probably reach here to-morrow. In the present imperf~ect knowledge which we have of the movements of the rebel forces, I can only direct you to guard strict] ~ the passes on the roads leading froat Barboursville to Richmond and Mount Vernon, and intercept and arrest any parties who may be going to join the rebels. I regret that you have not been able to get staff officers. I am in the same condition, and have so far been unsuccessfiul in my efforts to oh. tam the necessary staff. You had better retain the wagons now hired until you receive those required for from Cincinnati. General Sherman has been sent to secure Mnldraughs Hill, which was occupied yesterday afternoon by some secessionists. I hope that the Kentuckians will ially now rapidly and in strength. Yours, very respectfully, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. INDIANAPOLIS, INn., September 17 1861. Hon. 0. P. MouToN: A messenger from General Anderson came up this evening, b earing a communication to you, saying a crisis in Kentuckys position will probably occur in the next five days, and asking whether he can depen(l on you for any assistance. I have informed Captain Prime that we have not any regiments fully organized, and if we had, have no arms to give them. It seems to be a matter of the greatest importance. Gen- eral Anderson thinks Polk and Zollicoffer will both soon invade Ken- tucky. Cannot General Fr6mont send a few regiments ~ Two batterie Page 261 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 261 sent promptly to Kentucky might save the State. Press the matter. I have informed Lient. Col. T. J. Wood, First Cavalry. Have seen mes- senger from Anderson and had Colonel Wood informed of the above. SCIILATEIR. LOUISVILLE, Ky., September 18, 1861. Hon. S. P. CHAsE, Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C.: SIR: It has become necessary to make an advance into the interior of this State by all the disposable force at my command. Many of the men of IRousseans brigade and some of the regiments coming in to our assistance are too sick to go forward. Our general hospitals are not yet established immediate accommodation is required for the sick. Under these circumstances I would respectfully request permission to put the .sick of the Army in the U. S. Marine Hospital in this city. The accommodations as far as space are ample, and the medical purveyor of the Army will furnish bedding and bedsteads for the soldiers sent there. Au arrangement can be entered into between the War and Treasury Departments in regard to the expenses incurred by keeping these men. The surveyor of this port has very kindly offered to receive these sick soldiers, but requires your sanction, which. I beg you will grant. Very respectfullyq your obedient servant, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUI~U3ERLAND, Louisville, Ky., SeptembLr 18, 1861. Mr. W. M. BR[CKEN: DEAR SIR: The city of Louisville has sent off her Home Guard to- day to aid in driving the traitors from the position they took last night at Muldranghs Hill. The people are commencing the same disgraceful conrse they have pursued elsewhere, burning bridges and destroying property. Understanding from you that there are several companies of Home Guards in your neighborhood who are very anxious to be allowed to save their State and our country in this hour of our need, I will thank you to say to them that I will be greatly gratified to hear that they have promptly reported themselves to Brigadier-General Sherman. It would be well for them to take blankets and haversacks with them; also as much ammunition as they can take. I omitted to state that while in the service they will receive the same pay as the volunteers. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CU1~IBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., September 18, 1861. SAMUEL GILL, Esq.: I will thank you to issue order at once and send runners to the differ- ent counties recommending the Home Guards, with their arms, to re Page 262 26~ OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL dezvons at Camp Dick Robinson, Lexington, and other points which you may deem advisable. In this way we can secure them for my force for defense, and prevent the taking of the arms from the scattered Home Guards. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. LEXINGTON, September 18, 1861. Genera] THOMAS, Camp Robinson: DEAR SIR: You will see from the inclosed dispatch that your request for cannon has been granted, and that it is deemed proper to have them go another route in place of coming to this place by rail. The Home Guards of this place have all beeu notified to be on hand to-nigh t,ready to protect the cannon, if they have been shipped this way, as first in- tended. This will be handed you by Mr. Milward, one of our bed men, unless he should meet with your messenger at Nicholasville. See that Warner attends to the dispatch inclosed from Bowler. Yours, respectfully, JOHN C. COCHRAN. JOHN B. WILGERS. [Inclosure. FRANKFORT, September 18, 1861. To Capt. SANDERS D. BRUCE: General Thomas can get six pieces of cannon, 6 pounders, and ainmu- nition and horses. He must send a mounted force by Nicholasville and Versailles or by Danville and Harrodsburg. Send this to Camp Robinson forthwith. This is better than railroad. JAS. HARLAN. FRANKFORT, Ky., September 18, 1861. General THOMAS: SIR: From indications that point to a gathering of the rebels in Lex- ington on Saturday next from the surrounding country, we deem it of vital importance that you move a regiment there fofthwith, fully pre- pared for a fight. The State Guards from all this part of the State meet in Lexington on Saturday ostensibly for drill. They have been buying and stealing all the powder and lead they can get, even tearing up lead pipes. We will take measures to have a large force of Home Guards to meet you. You take the i~air Grounds for a camp, unless you can do better. No time is to be lost. They have taken Muldranghs Hill, we are informed, 1,500 strong, and burned the bridge over Rolling Fork of Salt River. General Rousseau is after them, with from 2,000 to 3,000 men; but the loss of the bridge is a great misfortune. If they take Lexington with 2,500 men, as we fear they will, they will take the arsenal and niag- azine here, and disperse or capture the legislatnre. Please let there be no delay. Respectfully, yours, JOHN F. FISK, Speaker of the Senate. RICWI) A. BUCKNER, Speaker of the House Page 263 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 263 [Indorsement.] DEAR GENERAL: I doubt not that the secessionists contemplate tak- ing Lexington and seizing the banks. It is of vital importance that you send a regiment to Lexington by Friday evening. I have harness suffi- cient for the guns and limber, but not for the caissons. I am 1)repar- ing some ammunition. Send with your regiment some extra ammnuni- tiou for the Home Guards. I will let you have six guns5 a-pounders, and caissons, if you desire them. Send your force for these gnus directly to this place by way of Nicholasville and Versailles. Yours, truly, SAM. GILL. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisrille K Lieutenant-Colonel OLIVER, , y., September 19, 1861. Comdg. Independent Rifle Battalion, Cincinnati, Ohio: COLONEL: You would place the State of Kentucky and our Union under great obligations to yourself and your command if you could come down to our assistance. General Sherman is in advance, aud needs all the force we can raise. Kentucky has no armed men whose services I can command. If you come, bring all the camp equipage and ammnnition you can get. Whilst in the service, you shall have the same pay as given by law. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, Commanding. NIcIIOLASYILLE, September 19 [186 I]11.30 p. m. General THOi~IAS: I have just sent forward some of my men to Lexington. Will have trains in two hours, and by ~3 oclock a. in. will be at Lexington with my regiment. I have not seen or heard of the cavalry, but will order it forward when it arrives. We are in advance of all expectation, an(1 will take them by surprise. I met the inclosed dispatch at this l)lace from General Anderson. We will do what men may do; rely omi us for that. I deem it better to go forward to-night, as it will avoid the tricks of the secessionists on the road. In haste, respectfully, THO. E. BRAMLETTE. [Inclosure.] LOUISVILLE, September 19, 1861. To S. ID. BRUCE, for Brigadier-General THOMAS, Camp Robinson: You are authorized to send a regiment to the camp at Lexington, Ky. ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ WAR DEPARTMENT, A.G.O., No. 80. Washington, September 19, 1861. I. The Military Department of the Ohio will in future consist of the State of that name, Indiana, and so much of Kentucky as lies within 1 Page 264 264 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XTL miles of Cincinnati, under the command of Brigadier-General Mitchel, of the U. S. Volunteers; headquarters, Cincinnati. * * * * * * * By order: L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. CINcINNATI, OHIo, September 20, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS, Commanding Camp Robinson, Ky.: DEAR SIR: I commenced the shipment of wagons to you, and before I had gotten fairly under way I had orders from Western Virginia for 400. The consequence is, you are left without for the present. I will cheerfully do anything I can for you at any time, but these same diffi- etilties will be constantly occurring. General Rosecrans orders must of course take precedence. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. H. DICKERSON, Captain and Assistant Quartermaster. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Lonisrille, Ky., & ptember 21, 1861. Brig. Gen. L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C.: GENERAL: I am instructed by General Anderson to report to you that there are now in the field at Rolling Fork Bridge, on the Louis- ville and Nashville Railroad, nearly 2,500 men, 1,800 of whom are very reliable troops, of Colonel Rousseaus command. The remainder are Home Guards, and are of but little value, lacking very much in disci- pline, organization, and equipment. The Forty-ninth Ohio Regiment, Col. W. II. Gibson, arrived here to-day from Cincinnati, and will shortly l)roceed to Rolling Fork Bridge. A detachment of 200 Fifteenth In- fantry recruits, nuder command of Capt. P. T. Swaine, Fifteenth In- fantry, have also arrived, and will to-day proceed to join forces already at the bridge. Two regiuments are telegraphed as ready to leave In- dianapolis for here as soon as transportation can be secured. Two regiments were telegraphed as ready to come from there also, if they could be supplied with arms. They were telegraphed to come and arms would be furnished. Other regiments are expected and detachments of men are being collected all over the State of Kentucky, so that in a day or two we shall outmmumber the rebels, and iii the mean time the general thinks he is sufficiently strong to l)revent ammy further advance on their part. Time general instructs inc to again request that you will order Captain Gilberts company to his department from Saint Louis. lie comisiders it almost absolutely indispensable that lie should have a company of regular infantry hereat present at least. He has now no means of enforcing his order imi the city. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. CAMP ROBERT ANDERSON, September 21, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS: Your letter of instructions was handed me a few minutes since by Mr. Ware. I understand that there are now 600 Homne Guards watch Page 265 265 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. ing the railroad. It occurs to me that they can sufficiently guard the road, and in case of emergency I am near enongh to re-enforce them. You are aware that we have no tents with us, and I learn from Major Bu- ford, who knows the localities, that there is no place where our men can be quartered with sufficient shelter near the bridge. To quarter at the depot would separate the main body too far from the guard for efficient 5up1)Ort. Many of the men are without blankets, and all without coats or blouses, and the weather is such that to occupy the open air and sleep on the ground without shelter or blankets would be dangerous to the men, especially as they have measles in the cam~?. We have five new cases here. Our quarters are comfortable here, and the men seem well pleased with the place. There is considerable stir amongst the secessionists; they are alarmed. I think their meeting here will not take place; they are fixing to run, rather than fight. Rumors through the night last night were constant of movements on foot, and it is thought they ran oft the 140 rifles last night to flee to the Southern Army. I have this moment learned, through Mr. Crittenden, of Missouri, now at this place, from what he deems reliable authority, that the arms are at Leonidas Johnstons, in Scott County; that the secesh of Harrison and other points collect there this evening to make a run to the Southern Army to-night through Anderson County. The Home Guards of Mercer ought to be on the lookout, and a strict watch kept along the line from Lebanon to Louisville. I will, if the news be con- firmed, in the course of the day telegraph to Louisville to General An. derson. I have sent for Captain Bruce and Dr. Dudley, to consult about mov- ing to Cynthiana. My own opinion is that this is the point for a few days at least. We are doing good by being here, and it is the finest place for drilling the men I have seen. Plenty of the best water at hand. I wish you could take time to come and inspect the position, and determine whether it would not be well to keep an encampment here for instruction, as well as for security of the roads. In haste, respectfully, THO. E. BIRAMLETTE, Colonel, Commanding at Camp Robert Anderson. WASHINGTON, September 22, 1861. Major-General FR~IoNT: Governor Morton telegraphs as follows: Colonel Lane, just arrived by special train, represents Owensborongh, 40 miles above Evansville, in possessiou of secessionists. Green River is navigable. Owensborough must be seized. We want a gunboat sent np from Padncah for that purl)ose. Send up the gunboat if, in your discretion, you think it right. Perhaps you had better order those in charge of the Ohio River to guard it vigilantly at all points. A. LINCOLN. HEADQUARTERS WESTSiRN DEPARTMENT, Saint Louis, September 22, 1861. A. LINCOLN, President, Washington: Your dispatch received. I have immediately ordered Captain Foote with gunboat to dislodge the rebels from Oweusborough, and will take measures to guard the Ohio Page 266 266 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XII. Have placed my two Illinois regiments at Camp Bennison, near Cin- cinnati, at the disposal of General Anderson, and so informed him by telegraph. J. C. FRI~MONT, Major- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MISSoURI, Cairo, Ill., September 22, 1861. Capt. A. H. FOOTE, Commanding Naval Forces Western Waters, Cairo, Ill.: In pursuance of telegraphic instructions received from headquarters Western Department, you will proceed with the gunboat Lexington from here and Conestoga from Paducah to Owensborongh, Ky., where the Con- federates are said to have taken possession, and dislodge them. General Fr6monts instructions are that the Ohio River is to be kept open. U. S. GRANT, Brigadier- General, Commanding. INDIANAPOLIS, September 22 1861. Maj. Gen. JOHN C. FRIIv1ONT: I much regret that subsequent events have prevented me from send- ing you the troops. Reliable advices on Friday show an advance on Louisville by a force of not less than 10,000 men an not more than 3,000. Anderson begged for d Anderson had troops. Our own safety required that they should be furnished. We have sent him four regi- ments, and one to Evansville. We are out of arms. Can you not lend us 5,000 for the time l Louisville is considered in great danger this morning, and many doubt whether it can be saved. Please send us arms by special train. 0. P. MORTON, Governor of Indiana. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Brig. Gen. GEORGE H. THOMAS, Louisville, Ky., September 22, 1861. Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: GENERAL: Your two notes of September 20* have been received. Messrs. Hoskins and Howard have been authorized to procure tents. We have none here, and no proper material for making them. The danger in which Louisville is at this time renders it impossible for me to comply with your request that I would send you four well- drilled regiments and a battery of artillery. The latter has already been forwarded; the former cannot be obtained from any source. A rally has been ordered of the militia and Home Guards, and I trust that you will have a force of true men, who, battling for their firesides and their homes, will soon drive the bandits from our soil. God save our country! Respectfully and sincerely, yours, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. *Not found Page 267 ChAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 267 CAMP ROBERT ANDERSON, September 22, 18015 p. m. General THOMAS: I inclose letter just handed to me by Judge Buckner.* He informs me that steps are taken to have forces fall in here and at Camp Robin- sonHome Guards, & c., to act under your commandand that I am expected to protect the place, and, if you think right, i~ove forward to secure the railroad, part of which is now in possession of General Mitchel, with 2,000 forces. I caiit hear from my family at Columbia. If any letters or news comes from there to me, do me the great kindness to forward it. I rest uneasy for news from my wife and little children at that place, now held, as I learn, by trait or troops. Respectfully, THO. E. BRAMLETTE. CAMP ROBERT ANDERSON, September 22, 186111.30 p. m. General GEORGE H. ThoMAs: I have just sent out two companies to watch the various passes, and seize guns, which my scouts think will be attempted to be moved to- night by the rebels. While engaged in instructing the commandants of the different squads I received the inclosed letter, which I forward to you, as I have no cavalry with which to operate at the distance from here required. Lawrenceburg is about 25 miles from Camp Robinson, and there is no doubt in my mind but it is in the direct line of the rebel movements. I have it from so many reliable sources, that I am well assured that their line of communication and for stealing purposes lies through Versailles, Lawrenceburg, and Spencer County. Some point which could be secure(l, an(l which Morgan Vance, of Harrodsburg, could designate, ought to be secured by 200 or 300 cav- alry, so as to intercept arms, & c., and seize any armed traitors who may attempt to move in thnt direction. XYe are getting along pretty well here, and I think our presence here has greatly alarmed and disconcerted them in their movements. Breckinridge and others fled the night we reached here and in ad- vance of our arrival, havii~g been warned by a scamp by the name of Smith, from Nicholasville. They are not far, I learn to-day, from Mount Sterling, at a little place called Hazel Green, and it is thought are concentrating forces in that vicinity. I send this by the same gentle- man who brought the letter inclosed. Captain Hoskins indorsement of them is sufficient. In haste, respectfully, THO. E. BRAMLETTE. [Inclosure.] VERSAILLES, Ky., September 22, 1861. Colonel BRAMLETTE, Gommanding at Camp Anderson: DEAR SIR: We believe, from reliable information, that many of the secessionists from the surrounding country are collecting in Anderson County, for the purpose of joining our enemies in Tennessee or the sdnthern part of this State. They are constantly moving in that direc- Probably Fisk to Buckner, p. 268 Page 268 268 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. NIL tion by way of Lawrenceburg. I was informed to-day that they had taken possession of the State arms in that county for the purpose of taking them with them to the Southern Confederacy. I state these facts for the purpose of suggesting the propriety of sending a sufficient force on that line to intercept them. I send this by my friends H. C. McLeod, & c., and recommend them to your confidence. Yours, truly, J. E. ~HOSKINS, Captain, Woodford Home Guards. FRANKFORT, Ky., September 22, 1861. Hon. R. BITCKNER: Please send speakers [reginient], as desired by Mr. Gill. The track this side of Fahnouth is torn up for 2 or 3 miles. Humphrey Marshall is assembling a force at Drennan Springs. Dont let General Thomas send too much forcc against Zollicoffer, but let him open the Covington and Lexington Railroad promptly. Our munitions must come that way. The mountaineers will whip Zollicolfer as soon as they get ammunition. By all means send them lead, lead, lead! Respectfully, yours, JOHN F. FISK. HEADQUARTERS FIRST KENTUCKY BRIGADE, Camp Dick Robinson, September 29, 1861. Brig. Gen. ROBERT ANDERSON, U. S. A., Commanding Department of the Cumberland: GENERAL: Mr. Corcoran arrived here last evening. I am constantly beset with importunities from citizens near the border to advance to tJieir relief; and to do so with these troops in their present disorganized state will lead to certain disaster, and in that event we shall have to fall back upon the Ohio, and lose all the advantages we now have by holding this place. I cannot think of it for a moment, unless I could have 4,000 well-drilled men and a battery of artillery. My latest advices from Barboursville are to this effect, that the enemy are concentrating in East Tennessee, both from Virginia and the far South. This looks like an invasion of Kentucky in force, and we should be I)repared to meet them; but my hands are completely tied, unless the Government will give me an organized force to work with. It is absolutely necessary that an engineer, a quartermaster, and the four regiments of infantry, and a battery of artillery above referred to, all equipped for the field upon reaching here, shonld be sent to me with- out a moments (lelay. I am assured by the most reliable people from East Tennessee that an invasion of Kentucky from that quarter is intended, and I beg that time Government will place me in a condition to defend this part of the State. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Page 269 CUAP. XII. I CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 269 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, K September 23, 1861. Brig. 0-en. GEORGE II. THOMAS, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: GENERAL: By the direction of the general I write to say that for the present he can affcrd you no assistance as you required. Louisville is very strongly threatened, and until that point is out of ~danger he can send no re-enforcements to you. He considers your views of the emergency as eminently just and proper, and nothing would afford him greater pleasure than to aid you with all the re-enforcements you ask if it was possible. Until he can send them (which he hopes will be very soon), he trusts you will be able to hold your position. The general directs me to say that he gives his cordial approval to your course in occupying the asylum at Harrodsburg with the Home Guards. You are fully authorized to contract for the subsistence of the men, in any detachment you may send out, in the manner you think most desirable. You are also authorized to contract for clothing and tents, in amount equal to your necessities, at any point where they can be obtained. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. ESTILL SPRINGS, September 23, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding Camp Robinson: DEAR SIR: Yours of the 23d instant, directing me to hold my main body at Irvine, & c., is received. We encamped here yesterday with two full companies raised in this county, and we are looking for another from Owsley County this evening; also one from Jackson County. Other companies are forming in this and other counties I learn. I have several companies in Camp Robinson who propose to join my regiment. Will it be inconsistent or incompatible for me to ask you to permit them to be sent here ~ I hope not. We need blankets, tents, and other camp equipage, and guns, and I know we ought to have them right away. Great activity in the counties around on the part of the secessionists. Our people are reciniting rapidly. I have house room at my place (Estill Springs), adjacent to Irvine, to lodge several companies and officers, but we cant do without blankets. Straw is the best we can do, and the use of it makes it dangerous on account of fire, & c. Samuel Gill, of military board, ordered or directed me to use my houses for quarters for men and officers until further orders, stating that he had had full conversations with General Anderson ,and that it met his entire approbation; but for this, and other information from reliable sources, I would have sent my men forward to your camp. A camp at my place will greatly facilitate enlistments for the Government - and hold.the secessionists in check. Cant we have some cavalry for scouts sent us i They are greatly needed, and will be more so very soon. Quick work. Blankets, tents, guns, & c., will help us and give our people confidence. More depend Page 270 270 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XIL on this than men ordinarily imagine. The mountain l)eople are peculiar an(I I know them. Hoping that these hasty views will be regarded in the proper light, arid made in the utmost good faith and respect I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, SIDNEY M. BAIINES. CAMP T~OBERT ANDELISON, September 23, 1861. General GEOHGE II. THOMAS: I send this evening, under escort of the Jessamine Home Guards, three caissons to Nicholasville. Upon the 11 oclock train to-morrow I will forward to Nicho]asville, under escort of one company, 82 boxes musket cartridges, 20 boxes minie cartridges, and 50 kegs rifle powder. should anything else come this evening I will forward ~t. I have no further news or rumors. I can but think that the move- ments of the secessionists are from fright and not for battle, yet niany very prudent and wise men (lifter with me, who think we shall be assailed here soon.-this week. Such is the opinion of Dr. li. J. Breckenridge, with whom I have held counsel. Your superior military judgment must (letermine what course to pursue. I can move in one hour, if required, but am of opiniou that this post ought to be held as a rallying point for Home Guards and place for organizing other troops, besides giving protection to such goods as may be shipped to Camp Robinson. Respectfully, THO. E. BRA1\ILETTE. CAMP ROBERT ANDERSON, September 23, 1861. General GEOHGE II. THOMAS: I have just learned from a reliable man, who gets it through rebel rela- tions now engaged in the movemeub that the activity of the secessionists is to embody a larger force than we have, they think 3,000, and attack this camp this week. There is an unusual stir in all the adjacent counties, either for preparation or from fright. If we had a few experieuce(l artil- lerists and some grape and shrapnel, & c., I will hold the place while a man lives to fight; but I need some cavalry for pickets and scouts. The inertness of the Union men, their sensationalism, their utter back- wardness in rushing to the call of our country is annoying. This would be a good point for your headquarters, the coimnnmcations being rapid, the means of transportatiou being better than your l)resent position. To fall back from this place now would give encouragement to the traitors; they have scaml)ered, but would soon return if we leave; they doubtless would return with force enough~ in such event, to rob the banks, for they need money. I think it probable, if they can embody sufficient force to give them confidence they may make the attempt; but I doubt their ability to do so. It will do no harm, however, to be ready for the emergency, whatever may come. If I had sufficient cavalry to scout the country for some distance around some valuable discoveries might perhaps be made as to the movements of the traitors. As I wrote you last night, Breckinridge an Page 271 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 27t others fled to the mountains the night of my arrival here in advance of arrival, having been warned by a rebel by the name of , who posted forward upon our arrival at Nicholasville. Should you deem it advisable to move more forces forward, it would be well to precede the movement by sending forward to have him watched and arrested if lie makes any movement. If there is any necessity or probable necessity for your forces remaining at Camp Robinson, I will, if you so direct, undertake to hold this position so long as you may require it. We have so many sensational rumors that I give but little reliance to any, except so far as to be on my guard. I have just learned, since I commenced writing, that some kid-gloved gentry, who l)retelmd to be Union menBuckner, Johnson, and otherslast night,, in caucus, are disposed to censure inc for suffering guns to be run off the night after my arrival here. I hope it is not true that they do so, for it would be an act of sneaking cowardice in them, which I should be sorry to have to brand them with. I was not advised of any such movement, left the matter to Dudley and Bruce, aud told them I would back them when they required it with all my force. They became satisfied that nothing was done, and that the arms were still concealed in the city. We have been using all activity to ascertain, and last night arranged upon what was deemed good authority to intercept them; now rumor says they were run off ou Friday night. If these men make any censure upon me for not accomplishing what they had not the spirit to do for theiri- selves, or even to notify me to do, they will lose in the game. Just handed me the inclosed dispatch, which I hasten to you and close. You will perceive that something is up. Respectfully, THO. E. BRAMLETTE. P. S.I have employed a messenger to bear this, deeming it neces- sary that you get the dispatch forthwith. [Inclosure.] FRANKFORT, Ky., September 23, 1861. Maj. E. L. DUDLEY: Dispatch from New Castle, stating that Humphrey Marshall, at head of 1,000 cavalry, in Owen; supposed to be moving on to Frankfort. Hold yourself in readiness to come with as many men as you can. I will apprise you again. J. M. MILLS. CAMP ROBERT ANDEBSON, September 237.30 p. m. General GEORGE H. THOMAS: I inclose you telegram from Frankfort. I have moved wimh one battalion, leaving Colonel Scott in command here. We should be re- enforced here forthwith. Respectfully, THO. E. BRAMLETTE. [Inclosure.] FRANKFoRT, Ky., September 23, 1861. Col. Tb. B. BRAMLETTE: Come on with your men. All arrangements for your accommodation made. H. J. TODD Page 272 272 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. MOUNT VERNON, Monday Morning, September 23, 1861. General THOMAS, U. S. A., Commanding Camp Robinson: GENERAL: I have been detained here a short time to have horses shod, but shall leave in a few minutes for Rockeastle Hills, and then cross over to the London and Richmond road. I hope to employ men to-day to obstruct the London and Winding Blades ronds. I learn by a person who left London last night that the rebels had 400 cavalry at Laurel Bridgeq a point 6 miles south of former place. I hope to stay on the Big Hill to-night, unless we should be cut off by the enemys pickets. Will it not be well to dispatch a force without delay to occupy Big Hill, letting them march across the country from Lancaster and enter the Richmond road at Morris, 13 miles south of Richmond 6? 1 shall return by that way; meet and give theni such information as I may gather. I hope the force for Rockcastle Hills will be hurried up. If you desire it, 600 to 800 Home Guards may be gathered on Rock- castle Hills at twenty-four hours notice; at least, so I am advised here. In haste, respectfully, your obedient servant, S. P. CARTER, Lieutenant, U. S. Navy (on special duty). EiGHT MILES FROM LONDON, Monday Evening, September 23, 1861. Brig. Gen. GEORGE H. THOMAS, U. S. A., & c.: GENERAL: I have examined the roads thus far, and find that almost the entire way from Big Rockcastle River to this point can be (Ic- fended against a superior force. I have selected for the present a point i~ miles south of the river as the best position, all thiiigs considered, although but for the scarcity of water there may be other points which an experienced military man would prefer. I have learned this afternoon that the rebels have evacuated Bar- boursville and returned to Cumberland Ford. They have not been near London. There seems to be no danger of an advance by them. I shall now retrace my steps, and go over the Winding Blades road to the Lonlon and Richmond road. In haste, respectfully, your obedient servant, S. P. CARTER. FRANKFORT, Ky., September 23, 1861. Colonel BRAMLETTE: The capital is thought to be in danger. Send down tonight 300 men immediately after the train gets in; they will stop in the depot. Bring rations. Bring no cannon. JOHN F. FISK, ASpeal:er of Senate. SEPTEMBER 24, 1861. [General THOMAS 6?]: DEAR GENERAL: Colonel Bramlette left here last night for Frank- fort, and, as you will see from the inclosed dispatch, he apprehends mor Page 273 CHAP. XII.] 273 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. danger here than at that point. You had better send us 100 or 200 cav- alry until Colonel Bramlette returns. The secessionists were very busy running around this vicinity last night with guns. We succeeded in taking five guns. If you cannot send us the cavalry, we think you had better send us 400 or 500 men from Garrards or Frys regiments. If you conclude to send the infantry, they can be here to-night by 9 oclock. We consider this of vital importance or we would not ask it. Your obedient servants, ~. T. SCOTT, Lieutenant- Colonel. S. D. BRUCE. S. II. CHIRMO, Captain. P. 5.We have but 340 or 350 men in camp, including Home Guards. If you cannot re-enforce us, send a special messenger, so that we can have Colonel Bramlette with us. Respectfully, W. T. SCOTT. P. S.We have ridiable information that two secession cavalry com~ panies left here last nightthat is. from this county and Clark; they are gone in the direction of Cumberland Gap; they are not well armed, and if intercepted could be easily taken. W. T. SCOTT, First Kentucky Volunteers. [Inclosure.] FRANKFoRT, September 24, 1861. Col. W. T. SCOTT: I send by express some grape and canister. I believe you are in as much danger at Lexington as here. General Thomas, I hope, will send you re-enforcements. Jf.he does not, telegraph to me, and I must return. Give me anything that occurs. Be watchfulvigilant. THO. E. BRAMLETTE. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 1. f Louisville, Ky., September 24, 1861. In obedience to instructions from the War J)epartment the nuder- signed assumes command of the Department of the Cumberland, com- posed of the States of Kentucky and Tennessee.* * * * * * * * ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army. OwENSBORoUGiI, September 25, 1861. Major-General FR~MoNT, Commanding Western Army, Saint Louis: GENERAL: Agreeably to your orders, per telegram of the 22d inst., and further instructions from General Grant, commanding at Cairo, to proceed to Oweusborough with the gunboats for the purpose of keeping * The records sliow tliat Anderson was exercising this command as early as Scptcrn- ber 4, 1861. 18 U UVOL I Page 274 274 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. the Ohio liver open and to dislodge the rebels suppose(l to have been in possession of that place, I proceeded to Paducah, on the morning of the 23d, in the steamer Bee, before the gunboat Lexington, Commander Stembel, was ready to leave Cairo, for the purpose of calling on General Smith, and having the gunboat Conestoga, Lieutenant-Commander Phelps, ready, on the arrival of the Lexington, to accompany me up the river. On arriving at Paducah, I ascertained from General Smith that the Conestoga had gone on a short cruise. Consequently, on the arrival of the Lexington, I immediately proceeded with her alone up the river, taking with us the steamer Bee, as the water was low and the river falling, that we might have the means, if grounding, of get- ting afloat more readily. I also sent the Bee up the Cuinberland River 15 miles, in a vain search for the Conestoga. After grounding twice, at 1 oclock on the morning of the 24th instant we were compelled to anchor and lie over till 8 a. in., when, in company with the Bee and she towing us, we proceeded up the river to Evansville, from whence I telegraphed you at 11 p. in. This morning (25th) we reached Owens- borough; found no batteries, but were boarded by Colonel Mcllenry, who, with Colonel Hawkins, had each a skeleton Kentucky regiment, which had arrived the morning previous. I sent for the authorities of the place and directed them to prevent the display of secession flags. A strong disunion sentiment is manifest in the place, but no disrespect was offered me, although I have been mnch among the people, but I directed Commander Stembel to hold as little communication with the shore as practicable. The colonels, with their force, as previously de- signed, left the town during the day, although I strongly importuned them to remain, as I did the Cincinnati company, but they declined on the ground of not being properly equipped nor having been mustered into the service. Under these circumstances, and the water requiring the Lexington soon to leave, I went (lown to Evansville, in the steamer Lee, and telegraphed to Governor Mortoim, at Vincennes, Ind., asking tor 500 men for Oweusborough. If I get no reply, I purpose telegraph- ing General Anderson at Louisville for the same number. On return- lug to Oweusborough in the evening I again communicated with the shore; after which, and giving my orders to Coummander Stembel to remain till the low water required 1mm to leave in order to reach Cairo safely, I ran down to Evansville, meeting and boarding the Conestoga en route, and giving her instructions, and here have telegraphed to Gen- eral Anderson for 500 men to be sent to Oweusborough. Having done all in my power in this quarter, and the preparations of the gunboats in Saint Louis demanding my immediate attention, I leave for that place at 10 a. m. to-umorrow, and trust that I may personally communicate with you in the evening. In haste, I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. H. FOOTE, Captain. CAMP ROBERT ANDERSON, September 25, 1861. General GEORGE H. ThOMAs: I went to Frankfort. The enemy came not. I am now back and ready for action. The. measles is still amongst my troops; there are 70 just recovering and just taking measles now on the sick list. H. Marshall took fright and moved his forces, about 500, from near the Franklin line, in Owen, to Caney Creek, near the Scott line; the Page 275 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 275 are evidently trying to run. If I had sufficient cavalry I could surround and cut them off. I think, however,they will stampede for Hazel Green, where Breckinridge is forming an encampment in the extreme edge of Morgan, adjoining Wolfe County. They no doubt intend to pass down through Breathitt, Perry, and Clay, to Knox, apd join the invaders at Cumberlaud Ford. I shall try and get some reliable scouts, aud,if I can find their position in striking distance, shall move npon theni. If you have any use for me, however, my longer stay here is, I think, un- necessary, as I can effect but little or nothing with infantry against the flying rebels. This is a good place to instruct; is convenient to move, and being at the end of the telegraph, news readily passed. I await your orders. Respectfully, THO. E. BlIAMLETTE. SAINT Louis, September 26 1861. Brigadier-General SMITH, Camp at Paducah: Sin: The rebels having occupied Owensborough, you are directed to send to that place the regiment ordered to Evansville on the 25th instant, together with two gunboats. After dispersing the enemy the force will return again to Paducah, as the latest movements of the enemy require the concentration of our troops as far as possible at thatplace. J. C. FREMONT, Major- General, (~ommanding~ HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT or TIlE Onio, [Cincinnati,] September 26, 1861. E. ID. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General: Sin: Your telegram of the 25th instant is received. Only two regi- ments of Illinois troops have been in Camp Dennison. Both of these have been sent to General Anderson at Louisville by order of General Frimont. I reached these headquarters on Saturday evening, the 22d instant, and found the city greatly excited. General Anderson was reported to be in great peril, and Louisville threatened with attack by a large force nuder Buckner, approaching by Muldraughs lull, near the point of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, where the railroad crosses the Salt River; also by turnpike road leading to the mouth of Salt River and thence to Louisville. It was further stated that Zollicoffer had already entered Kentucky by the way of Cumuberland Gap, laying waste the country, and marching on Lexington and Frankfort, while Breck- iriridge was assembling in force in Morgan County and Humphrey Marshall in Owen County, Kentucky. I telegraphed the legislature of Kentucky, asking to be placed by them in a position to act within 15 miles of this city. A reply camnu promptly, with full authority, and an earnest appeal to send 5,OOl~ troops to their aid, and to drive back Zollicolter; also rvquests came for assistance to General Anderson through his hrother, Larz Anderson, esq., of this city. General Buckiugham came to this city at my request, arriving, Sun- Page 276 276 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. day morning, bringing Colonel Whittlesey, a military engineer. We examined the Kentucky Hill, opposite the city, and decided on a plan of defense. The engineers are at work. General Buckingliam and myself then reviewed carefully the condition of all the fragments of regiments in this State, and I ordered into Camp Dennison all regi- ments more than half full. We then prepared the necessary papers and instructions to inaugurate greater alacrity in recruiting volunteers. Monday morning General Morris arrived from Governor Morton, of Indiana, with the most earnest appeal for arms from Ohio. After con- sultation, Governor Dennison and Governor Morton were called to the city by telegraph to concert measnres, and General Anderson was desired to come or send a confidential representative. The meeting was held Monday afternoon and cycling, and resulted in this State furnishing Indiana 3,000 muskets for the emergency, and a determina- tion to urge forward troops to possess and hold the strong points in Kentacky. I have already a regiment in possession of the hither extremity of the Covington and Lcxington Railroad. To-day a regiment proceeds to Cynthiana and Paris to hold the entire road, and will be followed by another this evening to hold the Lexington and Louisville Railroad. These will be followed by a force snfficient to render it possible (when combined with the troops nnder General Thomas at Camp Dick Robin- son, 130 miles from this) to commence active and immediate operations to drive Zollicoffer and Breckinridge out of the State or to capture them. Holding as I hope the entire region based on the Ohio from Ports- mouth, Ohio, to Lonisville, Ky., with the two railways already mentioned, with secure lines of communication by rail with Cincinnati and Louis- ville and by turnpike with Maysville and Portsmouth, a powerful force may be moved from the region near Lexington and Frankfort, and may operate either towards the Cumberland Gap, or, after shutting up that pass, concentrate a powerful column and drive the euemiy back from Muidraughs Hill, secure Louisville, and threaten Nashville. Such are my present ideas. I have no knowledge of the views of General Anderson further than he begs me to aid Lexington and Frank- fort and General Thomas. I have thus presented in as few words as possible the position in which I am placed and the general outline of defense f9r my Depart- inent of Ohio and Indiana. I have directed the staff officers to send forward to General Rose- crans supplies of all kinds without consulting me, up to the point where it becomes a doubt whether if more be sent it will not endanger the safety of this department; then to stop and be governed by my orders. In hue manner I am ready to send trool)s to Virginia or to Washington so king as in my judgment I retain a force sufficient to insure the pro- teetion of Ohio and Indiana. In adopting this course I am, as I con- veiv~, acting strictly up to my orders. I deem the immediate occupancy of Kentucky as a matter of the greatest importance and the fall of Louisville as a disaster the conse- ~ue~ces of which cannot be overestimated. I therefore urge the neces- sity ~f placing in supreme command of this expedition to Kentucky and to Tennessee an experienced general, who will command the entire con- ~dew~e of the Government. jRespeetfully, your obedient servant, 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General, Comdg. Dept of the Ohio Page 277 CnAr. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 277 COLUMBUS, OHIo, September 26, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War: The urgent call for troops in Kentucky compels me to send six or eight regiments before their orgaiiization is entirely completed. They have the men and arms and are ready for service, but owing to the want of mustering officers many of the muster rolls are unfinished, and the field and staff and many of the company officers have not been mustered in, and under your order No. 66 cannot take command and draw pay. This will create great embarrassment, unless you authorize me to give in all such cases effective commission of proper date. W. DENNISON, Governor of Ohio. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TIlE CUMBERLAT~D, Louisville, Ky., September 26, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding at Elizabethtown: GENERAL: The general directs me to say that, as the ten days of the Home Guard will expire on Saturday evening, he suggests the importance of arranging for your rear guard. He thinks that Colonel Crittendens portion of a regiment would probably be the most available for that purpose, but he leaves it with you to decide. The postmaster here informs me Ihat there is a large amount of mail matter in the office here for your command. lie says if you will send in some properly authorized person the mails will be turned over to him, put up in packages for the different regiments. The general suggests the appointment of some competent person to come in here as often as you may deem desirable. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, OLIVEIt D. GTh~ENE, Assistant Adjutant-General. MAYSYILLE, Ky., September 26, 1861. General GEORGE II. ThOMAs, Camp Dick Robinson, Bryantsville: DEAR SIR: I inclose herewith a copy of the instructions under which I purchased the mules. I thought that I had sent it to you before. These mules were to be purchased because of the political effect it would have, and these instructions were issued at my instance. I think that I wrote you that Morgan Vance, of Harrodsburg, would indicate the persons from whom the balance of the mules were to be taken. Very truly, W. NELSON. [Inclosare.] WAR DEPARTMENT, August 29, 1861. Lient. W. NELSON, U. S. N., Camp Dick Robinson, near Bryamtsville, Ky.: SIR: Understanding that you may need 600 mules of the largest class for purpose of transportation, you are authorized by the Department to purchase them at a price not to exceed $125 each, to average fifteen hands high Page 278 278 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. If you deem it to the interest of your command not to have these mules delivered immediately, you can arrange to have them transferred to your possession any time within the next two months, not to be paid for until delivered. This Department desires that purchases shall, as far as possible, be made in the country where the troops are raised, in the hope that it will have a beneficial effect upon the Union sentiments of the people. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., September 27, 1861. J. J. ANDERSON, Esq.: Sin: Your letter asking for information with regard to the meaning of General Andersons procla,nation* is received. In reply I am authorized by the general to say that no one will be arrested for mere opinions sake. All peaceable citizens, of whatever opinion, will be protected if they do not engage in giving aid in any manner to the enemies of our country. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS, MULDRAUGIIS HILL, KENTUCKY, September 27, 1861. Capt. OLIVER D. GREENE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Louisville, Ky.: SIR: When I left Louisville in the cars, in charge of the Home Guard, followed by Rousseaus brigade, I understood my orders to be to station parties along the road to guard the bridges, secure the road, and to occupy the Muidraughs Hill. On reaching the Rolling Fork of Salt River we found it a deep stream, with railroad bridge burned down a~zid still burning. This, of course, stopped our progress, and we dis- embarked the men. Various rumors of the force of the enemy which had done this wanton mischief and stolen various cars and locomotives reached me, but estimating the force not to exceed 200, I sent forward a strong picket of 400 men, under Colonel Rousseau, and afterwards strengthened it by another 400, but receiving a telegraphic order from you on the 21st, I recalled Rousseau. Finding the eff~ct of this to be very bad, and that great importance was attached to Muldranghs Hill, and having notice of re-enforcements, I concluded we should reoccupy the hill; and accordingly, on Sunday morning, the 22d instant, -I put in motion Rousseaus brigade, and followed np with the Thirty-eighth In- diana, Colonel Scribner, and the Forty-ninth Ohio, Colonel Gibson, and a detachment of regulars, under Captain Swaine. We ascended Clear Creek Valley, near the railroad, to the top of Muldraughs Hill. We examined the ground near the tuimnel and town, and encamped near the town. then proceeded to Elizabeth- The next day w-e moved on the Lebanon road to this camp, where we have been ever since. Since our arrival the command has been re-enforced by the Thirty- ninth Indiana, Colonel Harrison. On our way up I left Colonel Gilt- tendens regiment to guard the road to Colesburg, but have since called him forward, and he is now posted beyond Ehizabethtown, the guard- *Not found Page 279 ChAP. XII.] 279 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. ing of the road being intrusted to Colonel Hughes [Heckers ~?] Illinois Regiment. This is not an isolated hill, but a range separating the waters of the Rolling Fork of Salt Creek and Green River, the ascent from the north being very abrupt and the descent to the south being very gradual. Our position is far from being a strong one when held against a superior force. Roads will enable an enemy with cavalry to pass around us and cut off our communications and starve us out. We have no safe line of retreat, and must stand our ground let what will happen. Our oppo- nents, led by General Buckner, who is familiar with the ground, are now supposed to be along the railroad from Green River to Bowling Green. Their forces are variously estimated from 7,000 to 20,000 men, and I doubt not they have 15,000, some well and some poorly armed, but all actuated by a common purpose to destroy us. I am fully alive to the danger of our position and to all its disadvan- tages, especially that of supplies. Our provisions have been hauled up the rugged valley of Clear Creek by hired wagons and by some which were brought along by the Thirty-ninth Indiana. We can barely sup- ply our wants, and are liable at any moment to have those wagous seized. The reason I came to Muidraughs Hill was for effect. Had it fallen into the hands of our enemies, the cause would have been lost, and even with it in our possession a week nobody has rallied to our support. I expected, as we had reason to, that the people of Kentucky would rally to our support, but, on the contrary, none have joined us; while hun- dreds, we are told, are goiug to Bowling Green. The railroad from Bowling Green towards us is broken at Kolin, 10 miles off, and at another trestle beyond some 7 miles. I doubt if this was done by Buckners orders, but rather by the small parties of guards left to pro- tect them, and who were scared at our approach. I have from time to time given you telegraphic notice of these events, and must now await the development. We should have here at least 20,000 men; but that has been an impossibility. Truly, yours, ~. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier. General. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Paducah, Ky., September 28, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL, Headquarters Department of the West, Saint Louis, Mo.: Intimations from various quarters are that this place is to be attacked soon by a heavy force from Columbus. We need more artillery, say 24-pounder howitzers, with plenty of ammunition for the same. C. F. SMITH, Brigadier- General, Gommanding. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Paducah, Ely., September 28, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Department of the West, Saint Louis, Mb.: General Fr~monts letter of September 26 just received. The gun- boat Lexington has just returned from Owensborough, and reports no enemy there. The gunboat Conestoga is now at Owensborough. C. F. SMITH, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 280 280 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TIlE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., September 28, 1861. General 0. NI. iVIITOHEL, Commanding U. S. Forces, Cincinnati, Ohio: DEAR SIR: I have had as full a conversation with General MeCook in reference to the condition and wants of my department as the press of business has permitted. I need, as the general will tell you, all the regiments you can spare. I shall not attempt to guard neighborhoods, but will form not more than three corps darm6es. Forward the regiments, as rapidly as you can get them ready, to this point. Here is where the most urgent call is for additional force, and the sooner here the better. It would give me great pleasure to correspond with you, but I am without assistance, and have not time to make the proper reports and communications to the WTar Department. You will aid me greatly if you will order Gen- eral NIcCook down to assist me in my department. In haste, yours, very respectfully, ROBERT ANDERSON, Rrigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. CAMP WILDCAT, September 28, 18615 p. m. General GEORL~E Th THOMAS: Colonel Wolford has sent me a special messenger to notify yon the rebels are within 8 miles or less of London. They suppose there are from 5,000 to 7,000; does not say whether they have artillery or not. I am in camp one-half mile this side of the intrenchments, and will do our best to maintain our position. It is unnecessary for me to make any suggestions as to more men, as you will nnderstand all. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD. P. S.I will not seal this. I will authorize the messenger to show it to the commander of any troops he may meet. It is 13 miles from here to London. T. T. GARRARD, 6~olonel, Third Regiment Volunteers. CINCINNATI, OHIO, September 28, 1861. Col. E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General: On the 26th instant, at the request of General Anderson and the Ken- tucky legislature, my own judgment concurring, I ordered Colonel Van Derveer~ commanding Thirty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, to take and hold the Central Kentucky Railroad from Covington to Lexington. This has been successfully accomplished, the bridges all guarded, and our communications with Camp Dick Robinson are now secure. On the 27th instant Colonel Steedman, commanding Fourteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, left Covington nuder orders to occupy a point on the Lexington and Louisville Railroad near Locks 2 and 3, Kentucky River. We thus surround a force supposed to be concentrated in Owen County, Ky., commanded by Humphrey Marshall, while we secure our commu- nication between Camp Dick Robinson an(i Louisville. A Union company is forming at Maysville, Ky., giving us a cordo Page 281 CHAP. XIL] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 281 of troops extending from Maysville, by Lexington and Frankfort, to Louisville. I have taken possession of the Kentucky Central Railroad in the name of the Government. 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General. CAMP WILDCAT, September 29, 1861. General GEORGE H. THOMAS, Camp Dick Robinson: Colonel Wolford came into camp bringing with him the Home Guard under Colonel Brown. The enemy have taken London. The colonel says they are in large force, and have about 600 cavalry. We might defend this place, and could if they were to come the road, but they can go through the woods with infantry. They could go the Richmond road until they cross Rock- castle River several miles, then there is a good road that intersects this road F, miles this side of Mount Vernon. Should they take that road, we would be then completely cut off from your camp, there being no road for us to travel with wagons, and none that inthutry could travel, except through the woods. It is 8 miles from this to the Richmond road, and it runs nearly parallel for some 15 or 20 miles, several miles beyond Mount Vernon. Owing to the present circumstances, Colonel Wolford will remain with us. The Home Guards that have been run off will have to be supplied with provisions from our stores, there being no provisions in the neigh- borhood. Corn is scarce; no old corn except that that is brought some 10 or 12 miles. I will await your answer, unless I am perfectly satisfied we should retreat. Hawkins, Barton, Walker, and five others are with the rebels, they haviug been conveyed through the woods or by-ways. They passed the Home Guards under the pretense that they were from Camp Robinson and sent there as spies to report to you. I have no doubt Burton, & c., were sent by their friends to carry the rebels into Madison County, knowing they were defenseless. From what I have written you can see through the scheme (provided I am not mistaken). The last heard of the pickets they were this side of London, about half way between London and the forks of the Rich- mond road. I consulted with Colonel Wolford before writing this. One of Colonel ~ men fired on another of his men, wounding the man, and kill- ing one horse and wounding another. The private that shot himself at camp, which I informed you of, died yesterday, so the bearer of your dispatch informed me. There is but little water here, not sufficient for horses and men with- out hauling, which we could do. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment. LOUISVILLE, September 30, 1861. To PRESIDENT UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C.: The following telegram just received from General Thomas: The enemy is at London, about 50 miles from here, and approaching thi Page 282 282 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. way ill force. Send re-enforcements immediately. Wjth Buckner in our front, I cannot withdraw any troops from Sherman. Shall send a regiment which arrived last night, also Steedmans from Eminenceall that I think can now be spared. I will telegraph to the governors of indiana and Ohio. I hope you will send off all the troops from the North you can raise. Arrangements in the proper departments must be made for securing supplies for the forces which will be thus suddenly collected in this State. ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General. LOUISVILLE, Ky., September 30, 1861. General THOMAS, Lexington: I have ordered two regiments to re-enforce you, and sent telegrams to the President and to the governors of Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and Illi- nois to forward re-enforcements as rapidly as possible. Do your best. I hope that it will turn out that the enemys force has been magnified. ROBERT ANDERSON. CAMP WILDCAT, September 30, 1861. General GEORGE H. THOMAS, Gamp Dick Robinson: My wife sent a messenger to me that has just arrived. The rebels have taken Manchester, pulled down the flag, tore it up, and placed theirs on the same pole. The messenger says they turned back from Manchester, taking from one of the furnaces fifty wagon loads of salt. I have nothing of importance to write you since Colonel Wolford left. I would like very much to have Colonel Wolford with ns or some more experienced person. Lieutenant Dillion is quite young, though he ap- pears to be very active. The Home Guard are still coming in. Colonel Brown is trying to make arrangements to feed them with beef and flour. Captain Adams has written you, I suppose, on the subject of supplies. I have no definite news that the enemy is this side of the forks of the road, though the messenger from my house says he heard guns firing this morning in the direction of the forks of the road. Many of our men have never drawn blankets, and some who have joined since we left have no clothing. Captain McDaniel, of Colonel Barnes regiment, has some 12 or 15 recruits that joined him on the road that have no clothing. If you have a supply of clothing I would like for you to have furnished sufficient for the recruits. None of the regi- ment have received coats, and the nights are quite cool. We had frost last night. There are many persons here who cannot purchase food. They are willing to fight if they are fed, as they say they cannot go home. They are also willing to work or do anything else required. If yoa could see proper, I would like to see you in regard to our forti- fications. I am not pleased with them; they are very good, provided the enemy would march up to them, but infantry could flank us on either side. It is quite difficult to do so, but infantry can go anywhere a common hunter can. If it will not be convenient for you to visit the camp (and I cannot see how you can leave), I would like for some ex- perienced person to come immediately. When I reached [here] the work had been commenced 2 miles or mor Page 283 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 283 from the river. We have been still cutting timber in all the points or hollows that we think will be of service. I will return there if not in- structed to the contraryto the point near the meeting-house. I would like to hear from you at your earliest convenience. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Volunteers. EVANSVILLE, September 30, 1861. General PAINE: General Buckner was at Greenville at 3 oclock yesterdaydestina- tion, Lock and Dam No. 1, on Green Riverwith 5,200 men. Informa- tion strictly reliable. Send 3,000 troops with gunboat; 400 forthwith. We have 400 men there. JOHN G. HOLLOWAY. [Indor~ement.] Cant be furnished. I dont know Mr. Holloway. C. F. SMITH, Brigadier- General. CINCINNATI, September 30, 1861. Brig. Gen. GEORGE II. THOMAS, Lexington, Commanding: General Mitchel has ordered Seventeenth Ohio and one more regi- ment on to-night. Four more regiments will follow to-morrow, accom- panied by two batteries. I will report myself to you to-morrow at 10 a. ni. G. C. KNIFFIN. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE 01-110, September 30, 1861. General THOMAS, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: In answer to your request, just received, I have ordered the following commanding officers to report to you for duty: Colonel Steedman to- day; Colonel Walker leaves to-night at 9; Colonel Connell leaves to- morrow at 2.30 p. in.; Colonel Bradley at 7 a. in. October 2; Colonel Dickey at 12 oclock October 2; Colonel Norton at 6 a. m. October 3. Two batteries of 6-pounders will accompany these troops, and I hope to forwai5d a third very soon. I will take the field in person iu case I find it possible to leave my headquarters here. Respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, September 30, 1861. Colonel LANDRAM, Or the Officer in command of Home Guards on Big Hill: SIR: The enemy is reported to me as occupying London in force. I therefore wish, and direct, you to obstruct the Richmond road by cu Page 284 284 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XIL ting trees across it and filling it up with rock from the cliffs, commenc- ing on the London side of the Rockcastle River, and extending as far back as the Natural Bridge, on the Big Hill, and station your men at the most advantageous position and defend the road. Also send men and have the road from the Richinond to the Mount Vernon road ob- structed so that troops cannot march along it. Do anything in your power to keep the enemy from crossing Rock- castle River. Respectfully, & c., GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, September 30, 1861. Maj. Gen. GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN, Commanding Department of the Potomac: GENERAL: I have just had a conversation with Mr. W. B. Carter, of Tennessee, on the subject of the destruction of the Grand Trunk Rail- road through that State. He assures me that he can have it done if the Government will intrust him with a small sum of money to give confidence to the persons to be employed to do it. It would be one of the most important services that could be done for the country, and I most earnestly hope you will use your influence w,ith the authorities in furtherance of his plans, which he will submit to you, together with the reasons for doing the work. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 1, 1861, Capt. OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General, U. S. Army, Headquarters Department of Cumberland, Louisville, Ky.: CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that General Mitchel has ordered the Seventeenth Ohio Regiment to report to me immediately, and will send four more, with two batteries of artillery, as rapidly as they can come. This force will be sufficient for the defense of this position at present, and I have respectfully to ask that hereafter troops may be as- sembled at Camp Dennison and held in readiness to move whenever I may call for them. An encampment at Lexington also would be very convenient, as the troops could easily get supplies at that point, and I could call upon them from here to move either by this road or by the road through Richmond, according to circumstances. I have at last found a gentleman who seems to comprehend the duties of the quartermasters department, and I am in hopes we may be able to get along with less confusion than heretofore. The enemy is still held beyond the Rockeastle Hills, and I am in hopes in two days more we shall have those hills sufficiently fortified to l)revent any further advance. Colonel Hoskins was permriitted by me to go to Pulaski County to see about the organization of his regiment. On the 29th ultimo, soon afte Page 285 CHAP. Xli.] 285 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNLON. his arrival in that county, hearing of an invasion of Albany by the rebels, he assembled together a party, consisting of some of his recruits, the Home Guards of the adjoining counties, and a company of Colonel Wolfords cavalry, which I had sent down, pursued the enemy to Tray- isville, surprised their camp, and dispersed them, killing 4 and making some captures of horses and other property. I will send a copy of his report by next mail.* If the general approves of my plan (submitted a few days since) of forming encampments at Somerset, Burkesville, Columbia, and Greens- burg, I think that part of Kentucky will soon be relieved. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEG. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Yolunteers, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DIcK ROBINSON, October 1, 1861. Brig. Gen. 0. M. MITCHEL, Commanding Department of the Ohio: GENEI~AL: Your communication of the 30th ultimo was received this afternoon, and I take this occasion to express my thanks for the prompt- ness with which you have responded to my call. Our means of traiis- portation is now so limited, that I will respectfully suggest that all the wagons that can be sent with these regiments be forwarded, to facili- tate any forward movement which I may find it in my power to make. If you could send a column of about four regiments up the Big Sandy and move it south through the counties of Floyd, Letcher, and Harlan, in co-operation with my advance by Barboursville, 1 believe that we n~ght easily seize the railroad and cut off all communication between Virginia and the South through Tennessee before the enemy will have time to re-enforce Zollicoffer sufficiently to prevent it. Respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. OCTOBER 1, 1861. General GEORGE H. THOMAS, U. S. A., Commanding Camp kob in.son, & e.: GENERAL: I sent your letter to Colonel Landram from Mount Ver- non this morning, and wrote him a note requesting him to take posses- sion of the Big Rockcastle Ford and a hill on the south side of the river bank, as well as to close the road [at] the fords. I also requested him to employ men to destroy the McKee road without delay. From all I can learn, the rebels have retreated some distance south of London. I presume they have fallen back only temporarily I fear that the Home Guards will not do much towards defending Big Hill, from the sample they gave near London. Organized troops are needed there. The impression seems to be that the rebels will take the Madison road or go by McKees. Hind the cavalry are returning to Camp Robinson, but if I can get enough at Camp Wildcat I shall send them to the Big Hill. Excuse this; I write on horseback. Respectfully, your obedient servant, ~. ~. CARTER. *Seep. ~2O3 Page 286 286 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. CAMP WILDCAT, October 1, 1861. General GEORGE H. THo2IAS, Camp Dick Robinson: I have information, reliable, that the rebels retreated 9 miles beyond London on Sunday. A negro of mine reached camp last night with a letter from my wife; she says they left there Sunday morning and re- turned towards their encampment on Cumberland River. Rumor says they have destroyed much property in Knox. They destroyed Captain Murphys property. He is in the Third Regi- ment of Volunteers from Clay County. They tore down haystacks and burnt some rails for another person, is all the damage they done except taking the coffee and salt, for which I learn they left Jeff. Davis bonds. Colonel Wolford and myself made arrangements to blockade the Madi- son road to-day, but we, on consultation last night, agreed to counter- mand the order this morning; though, should you desire it, please say so. and we will have it attended to immediately. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Volunteers. P. 5.I would like very much for General Crittenden to send some one here to take command of his forces; they are organizing three com- panies; though I suppose Colonel Brown will do so. I will endeavor to get Colonel Brown to move them on the river, 2 miles from us; they are in onr camp, and it is almost impossible to do anything with them or our men. T. T. GARRARD. CAMP AT ALBANY, October 1, 18618 a. m. Brigadier-General THOMAS: SIR: I find it impossible to hold the Home Guards of Casey and Lin- coln longer than forty-eight hours from this time. I learn that the Confederate troops are rallying again at Travisville, with the intention of attacking ns. From the best information, they cannot muster a force exceeding 1,150. Last night at 9 oclock our picket guard were fired upon by a party of seven persons within 3 miles of the.camp; they returned the fire, with what effect I have not ascec- tamed. None of ours were injured that I know of, though one of the picket has not yet come up. I have ordered a detachment of fifty cavalry to scout the whole country in the neighborhood of the beat at which the pickets were stationed, as also that in which the absent picket was stationed. We are occupying what I consider a strong natural position and one of importance to the cause, rendered so by many circumstances, among which are the following, viz: Within the camp guard we have three good fiouring mills; within the county we have an abundance of wheat and forage, and, it being situ- ated south of the Cumberland River, could they get possession of the county it would serve as a rallying point to which they could gather re-enforcements by way of the Cumberland River, while the number of roads diverging from this point would enable them to move forward in the direction of either Monticello, Jamestown, or Burkesville. Between this and the Cumberland River there are five beds of stone-coal, aii article of importance to them. Below, at Burl~esville, there are five salt wells, the possession of which is all-important to the rebels Page 287 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 287 I hope to be sufficiently re-enforced by night to proceed with the work of blockading. While I cannot expect to hold for any length of time the Home Guards from the counties of Casey and Lincoln, yet it is due them to mention the heroic conduct of Colonel Barnes, as also the men under his command. When the alarm was given by the driving in of the pickets, at the command they came to position like veteran soldiers, and promptly obeyed every order. If it is desired, under the circumstances, that our position should be held, I will await your orders. If we should be compelled to abandon it, had I not best order the destruction of the mills at this place, as they would be all-important to the permanent occupancy of the place by the Confederate troops ~ If it should be ordered to hold the position, please send forward Lieu- tenant-Colonel Howard, with all the forces under his command, and other forces, numbering, in all, say, 800 men. Major Brents is here, by order of Colonel Wolford, and has proven himself a most active and efficient officer, and one whose services J shall need at least until the camp can be properly organized. He de- sires to know whether it will meet your approbation for him to r& maiu for that time. I shall also ask the aid of Captain Morrison, with his command, as they are familiar with the country, and the number of roads leading into this place requires a strong picket force. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. HOSKINS, Commanding Post. CAMP WILDCAT, October 1, 1861. General THOMAS: DEAR SIR: The enemy, in full retreat, are by this time in Barbours- vile. I am starting my men by squads to Camp Dick lb! inson, and will be there myself day after to-morrow, or as quick thereafter as Ii can, unless I reeei~e diikrent orders from you. FRANK WOLFORD. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, No. 17. f Paducah, Ky., October 1, 1861. The following proclamation of the governor of Kentucky, and resolu- tions and enactments passed by the legislature of the same at its pres- ent session, are commended to the careful consideration of the people of the western part of the State, viz: PROCLAMATION. In obedience to the snbjoined resolution, adopted by the general assembly of the Commonwealth of Keatacky, the Government of the Confederate States, the State of Tennessee, and all others concerned, are hereby informed that Kentucky expects the Confederate or Tennessee troops to be withdrawn from her soil unconditionally. In testimony whereof I have herenato set my name and canned the seal of the Commonwealth to he affixed. Done at Frankfort, this the 13th day of September, A. D. 1PSi3I, and in the seventieth year of the Commonwealth. EL. S.] B. MAGOFFIN. By the Governor: Tuos. B. ~loNnoE,.Jr., Secretary of State Page 288 288 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAP. XII. I?esoleed by the general assembly of the Co unonweaith. of Kentucky, That his excel- lency Governor Magoffin be, and he is hereby, instructed to inform those concerned that Kentucky expects the Confederate or Tennessee troops to be withdrawn from her soil unconditionally. RESOLUrIONs. Whereas Kentucky has been invaded by the forces of the so-called Confederate States, and the commanders of the forces so invading the State have insolently pre- scribed the conditions npon which they will withdraw, thus iasulting the di~nity of the State by demanding terms to which Kentucky cannot listen without dishonor: Therefore, Resolved, That the invaders mnst be expelled. Inasmnch as there are now in Kentncky Federal troops assembled for the purpose of preserving the tranquillity of the Stute and of defending and protecting the people of Kentucky in the peaceful enjoyment of their lives and property: It is Resolved, That General Robert Anderson, a native Kentuckian, who has been ap- pointed to the command of the Department of Cumberland, be rcquested to take in- stant command, with anthority and power from this Commonwealth to call out a volunteer force in Kentucky for the purpose of repelling the invaders from our soil. Resolved, That, in using the means which duty and honor reqnire shall be used to expel the invaders from the soil of Kentucky, no citizen shall be molested on account of his political opinions; that no citizens property shall be taken or confiscated be- cause of such opinions, nor shall auy slave be set free by any military commander; and that all peaceable citizens who remain at home and attend to their private busi- ness, until legally called into the public service, as well as their families, are entitled to and shall receive the fullest protection of the government in the enjoyment of their lives, their liberties, and their property. Resolved, That his excellency the governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky be reqnested to give all the aid in his power to accomplish the end desired by these reso~ lotions, and that he issue his proclamation calling out the militia of the State, and that he place the same under the command of General Thomas L. Crittenden. Resolved, That the patriotism of every Kentuckian is invoked and is confidently relied upon to give active aid in the defense of the Commonwealth. ENACTMENT. 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, That as the soil of the State of Kentucky has been invaded by armed forces actin0 underthe authority of the so-called Confederate States, therefore, for the purpose of repelling said invasion, the governor of the State of Kentucky is hereby directed to issue his proclamation, calling out not less than forty thousand soldiers, residents and citizens of Kentucky, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, to be mustered into the service of this Commonwealth for any term of service not less than twelve months nor more than three years from the time they were mustered into service, unless sooner discharged. 2. That ihe governor be, and he is hereby, authorized, in order to raise said force to accept of the services of any volunteer companies who shall within three months from the date of his proclamation tender their services; and he shall commission for that purpose all officers duly elected by the companies aforesaid, necessary nod proper for the command of such volunteers. 3. That all volunteer offleers, non-comissioned officers, musicians, and privates, whose service may be tendered and accepted under the provisions of this act, shall be mustered into service at such places of rendezvous in the Congressional district in which they shall volunteer as the general L the field shall appoint by his order; and when so mustered into service, shall be then and there entitled to receive in advance one months pay, to be taken and considered as part of their pay. 4. That the forces to be raised and organized, as provided for by this act shall, when mustered into service, be under the command of the general commanding the State forces in the field. 5. That the governor be also authorized to accept the services of fifteen hundred n~en,in addition to the forty thousand men provided for by this act, one thousand to be used as sharpshooters and scouts, and five hundred to be used as horsemen and scouts, they furnishing their own horses: Provided, That no person shall be accepted in this arm of the service unless his skill and capacity have been tested by tbe gen- eral in command or such officer as he may detail for that purpose: And provided el~o, That such person shall receive five dollars per month of extra pay. 6. That each horseman for the service of his horse shall receive five dollars per month; and in case his horse is hilled by the enemy, he shall be paid the value of the horse, not exceeding one hundred and fifty dollars. 7. That the commander in the field may organize individuals who tender themselves into companies, and such companies as may tender themselves into squadrons, bat Page 289 CuAr. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 289 talions, and regiments, and permit them to elect their officers, who shall, when so elected, he commissioned by the governor on the certificate of the general commanding. 8. That the governor is authorized o accept the services of squadrons, battalions, and regiments, when tendered as such, and commission the officers elected by the squadrons, battalions, and regiments so organized; the election of officers by any com- pany, battalion, squadron, or regiment shall be superintended and conducted by any justice of the peace or judge of the county court who may be called on for that pur- pose, and such justice or judge shall certify to the military board the names of the officers elected and for what office each is elected, and thereupon said board, if they approve the proceeding, shall certify to the governor the names of the officers elected, and what office they have been respectively elected to fill, who shall issue commissions in conformity to such certificate. 9. That the commanding general shall be entitled to appoint and employ snch staff officers, and with such rank, as the inspector-general is empowered to appoiiit by the fourteenth section of the third article of the act entitled An act for the better or- ganization of the Kentucky militia, approved March 5, 18fi0; and he shall have the authority conferred on said inspector general by the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth sections of said article of said act. 10. The troops raised under this act shall be organized into squadrons, battalions, regi- ments, brigades, and divisions, and have the same number of officers for each squadron, battalion, regiment, brigade, and division as are allowed in the Army of the United States, and shall receive the same pay and rations as are a.llowedthe troops of the United States of the same rank and grade. When brigades and divisions are formed out of the troops so raised, they shall be officered according to existing laws. Tue brigadier-general commanding calls the attention of the loyal in- habitants in this part of the State to the address of Judge li. K. Will- jams, of this date, who is authorized to raise a regiment of volunteers for the service of the United States. By order of Brig. Gen. C. F. Smith: THOS. J. NEWSIIAM, Assistant Adjutant- General. S CAMP WILDCAT, October 2, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS, U.S.A., Commanding Camp Robinson, & c.: My note of yesterday advised you that I had dispatched your letter to Colonel Laudrain. I saw some of the Home Guards this morning from Madison, and directed them to move a portion of their force to ford of Big Rockeastle, aiid obstruct the road at once. I suppose the work will be commenced this afternoon. If you design sending a force to Big Hill by way of Lancaster and Moores, will it not be advisable to keep the road open north of the river ~ Yesterday only about 150 of the rebels (according to report) were left in Barboursville; all the rest had fallen back to Cumberlancl Ford. Only some 2,000, according to best information I can get, caine as far as Laurel Bridge; perhaps 150 cayalry entered London. Theirs seems to have been a mere marauding expedition. They gutted the houses at Barboursville before the in1~ntry left on Monday. We are all safe here. I hope to return to Camp Robinson to-morrow evening. Respectfully, your obedient servant, S. P. CARTER, Lieutenant, U. S. Navy (0Th special duty). CAMP WILDCAT, October 2, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS: Since General Carter arrived we have been over considerable country. The general thinks when the work is completed we will be secure against almost any force. With strangers they could not find passways, but 19 H HVOL I Page 290 290 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL persons acquainted with the country could get into our camp many ways. Still, they could not do so if we had a small force at each point. The distance from Little iRockeastle River to Big liockeastle is sonie 3~ miles. A considerable portion of this distance is defended by natu- ral cliffs, so that it relieves us from performing much labor at those places. Ten miles of the road south of our camp is almost a dense thicket on each side of the road, and could be defen4ed, or at least we could annoy the enemy with infantry the entire distance, whilst we would be comparatively secure, provided we acted cautiously. General Car. ter can explain more explicitly. Colonel Brown desires me to say to you that he can supply his com- mand of twelve-months men with beef and bread, but will be (lependent on you or General Crittenden for sugar, coffee, soap, candles, an dsuch other articles as are furnished. He has no tents or camp equipage. Many of his men are bare of shoes, clothing, and blankets. Colonel Brown desires to know whether or not he must open a corre- spondence with General Crittenden or must he address you on all mat- ters connected with his military affairs ~ He desires such instructions as you may from time to time think proper to give. Colonel Brown has now enrolled and in camp some 250 twelve-months soldiers. He has muskets, but no cartridge-boxes, caps, pouches, nor bayonet scabbards. He desires to hear from you as soon as convenient. Mount Vernon is the post-office, if sent by mail. I have not heard anything of the rebels since they reached Barbours- ville. The last account is that some 100 or upwards were in Barbours- ville. I have heard, but do not say that it is reliable, that there is a robbing party going through Knox County, plundering every person (almost) they come across, and that it is headed by men by the name of Arthur, citizens of Knox County, Kentucky. I have got Colonel Brown to move all of his men to the river except one company, and they are outside our camp in a rock house. We have been much annoyed by them, as well as visitors and others who were driven before the rebels. Some of them returned this evening part of the way home, bnt heard of the rebels below London, and they Veturned to camp. The report, I am satisfied, is false. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRAIRD, Colonel Third Regiment Volunteers. OcToBER 3, 1861. I have not said anything about the cavalry, as I supposed they would return. It will be very inconvenient for our men to go so far from camp as they should to be effective. The road. fi-om our camp towards London for several miles is only tolerable, but from that point to the rebel camp on Cumberland River is as good if not better than any other dirt road in Kentucky that I know. Respectfully, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Volunteers. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TIlE OHIO, October 2, 1361. Brigadier-Geueral THOMAS, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: I have the most urgent appeals from important points in my de- partinent for military protection. There are two strategic points of th Page 291 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC .UNION. 291 very first consequence which I desire to occupy in advance of the enemy. I trust, therefore, you will take prompt measures to inform yourself of the strength aud position of the advancing forces, and advise me daily by special messenger and telegraph of your own strength, that I may be able to decide how the troops from Ohio and Indiana now getting ready for the field should be distributed. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General. CAMP DICK IROBINSON, October 3, 1861. Capt. OLIVER D. GI~EENE, Assistant A~jntant- General, U. S. Army: CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report to the general commanding the arrival here of the Fourteenth and Thirty-first Ohio Regiments and the Thirty-third Indiana. There are three other regiments at Nicholasville which could have been here to-night if our means of transportation had been sufficient to bring them over. Only one of these regiments has any transportation, the Indiana, and the want of it has embaj7rassed me very much. Our supply as yet is very limited, and all the mules have to be broken, so that we are embarrassed in that respect also; but as soon as I can get up enough wagons I propose moving on beyond London and strengthening the position, so as to relieve as much of the country as possible from the depredations of the rebels. The report to-night is that they have again retired, after finding I had got possession of Rock- castle Hills. I shall move with caution, however, but endeavor to drive them out of the Cumberland passes before re-enforcements can reach them. I could move at once if these regiments had been sup- plied with transportation; but as it is impossible to hire enough in the country, I shall have to wait until I can have it sent to me. A battery of artillery completely equipped would give me a great advantage. Respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. I7olunteers, Commanding. CAMP WILDCAT, October 3, 1861. General GEOUc~E H. THOMAS: I have no information in regard to the rebels more than I wrote you, except the in closed order of General Zollicoffer, which I have no doubt is genuine. I could not doubt it, because they carried out the instruc- tions to the letter. I also inclose you a letter directed to Hon. Green Adams, & c.* The bearer of this letter, Mr. Hurst, is reliable, and was in Tennessee some time since and taken prisoner. The order from Major Coffee, countermanding the blockade of the Madison Fork of the Rich- inond road, was sent me this evening. If we have one days notice, which we certainly will have, I can have the road blocked up completely. However, we have been doing and undoing so much, that you may begin to think we are fickle. I should not have ordered the blockade the second time if it had not have been for General Carter, and he was for carrying out instructions. * Not found Page 292 292 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XJL You will see before this reaches you that Colonel Brown has moved to the river some 2 iL~s from us. I would be afraid to place them be- tween the enemy and our camp. Some of his men are, I fear, a little timid, and I doubt whether or not they will do their duty on that side of us. There is a tolerable good camping ground about 2 miles beyond our camp. General Carter spoke of it as we passed it, looking out the points to blockade. It is near Little Rockeastle ,- and near a point where the road passes between the point of a ridge and Little Rock- castle River. At the point where we are camped there is but little room, though we cau stick our tents about on poiuts and sides of hills, and could find room enough to place another regiment on the same kind of ground. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GAIIRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Volunteers. P. S.Are there any cartridges for rifled muskets at Camp Robinson? The muskets I received of Captain Cardwell, of Harro dsburg, are rifled. I hav& not examined, but learn from others the ordinary cartridge will not suit them. Surgeon Hogan has not yet been furnished with a tent. He desires one sent, if there is any to be had. [Thelosure.] BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Buelcuer, September 25, 1861. Col. James E. Rains will march at 4 oclock to-morrow morning, via Barboursville, to Laurel Bridge, on the London road, with his regiment, provisioned for six days, three rations of which should be cooked, leav- ing his tents in this encampment. Colonel MeNairys command will ac- company him or follow- him, by a right-hand road crossing Laurel Creek about 2 miles above the bridge. Colonel II. will have command, and will dislodge a supposed force of the enemy at the bridge by attacking sitnul- taneously with infantry and cavalry at both ends of the bridge. He will be furnished a guide, who will give him information of some arms, which he will capture, if practicable. He will take with him also Lieu- tenant Falconds section of artillery. A battalion of Colonel Sta- thams infantry, with three companies of Colonel Branuers cavalry, will be posted on the road to be pursued by Colonel MeNairy about 10 miles back, to give support, if necessary. Simultaneously, Colonel Cummi- mum 0s reoiment, with two companies of Colonel Broydtons [Brazel- tons?] cavalry, will escort a train of wagons to the Goose Creek Salt Works, 16 or 18 miles east, in Clay County, to load with salt. The different detachments will communicate by express messengers with each other and with me, and when the salt train returns all will return to this eucampmeut. 1\Iuch is trusted to Colonel Rains discretion in whatever may transpire on the way. F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- & eneral. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE 01110, October 3, 1861. Brig. Gen. GEORGE H. THoMAs, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson, Ky.: GENERAL: I have just received yours of the 1st instant. The regi- ments sent from Ohio to your camp have been compelled to leave with Page 293 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC .UNION. 293 out their wagons, owing to the fact that no time could be lost in getting them into the field. I have now the wagons, horses, and harness, and am organizing a force of teamsters, and hope very soon to supply all the regiments with transportation. You request me to send the column of about four regiments up the Big Sandy, to co-operate with you in your advance upon the Cumber- land Gap. You do not advise me what amount of force is indispensably necessary at Camp Dick Robinsou before you will feel it expedient to commence your advance. We have in Ohio at this time a limited number of arms. The num- ber of regiments which we can put in the field is necessarily limited. Admitting we have but three regiments remaining prepared to move in all this week, do you prefer them to be sent to your camp, or do you prefer them to undertake the expedition up the Sandy ~ Send your answer by a niounted messenger to the telegraph office, that it may promptly reach me. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. CAMP KENTON, MASON C OUNTY~ Near ]Ifaysville, Ky., October 4, 1861. Captain GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General: Sin: I desire to call the attention of General Anderson to the follow- ing intelligence that comes to me from a person in whom I have the highest confidence, and who is hiumself high in secession counsel, but is in truth a Union man, true and loyal. This person has never yet de- ceived me. Breckinridge is not in Prestonburg or that vicinity, but is in Rich- mond, Va. He sent a messenger to W. It. H. Stanton, who arrived day before yesterday, saying that he (Breckinridge) would return in a very few days as general, and that the secession companies would hold themselves in readiness and be prepared to meet him at Hazel Green, in Mason County, on his return, of which event they would be early notified. The message went on to say that the whole of Beauregards army was on its way to Kentucky, and will winter iu Kentucky, and will be here in time to take advantage of the hay crop; that there was but a thin line of troops in front of Washington masking the movement. Now, see, this comes to me from such a source that I believe it. The sudden accessions to the strength of Zolhicoffer, Buckner, and Polk show that such a movement, or one similar, is on foot. A virtual panic exists in this part of Kentucky; a fear of the General Governments ability to aid them. I beg to call the generals attention to another point which is doing injury to the cause here. A number of persons are establishing camps in impossible and out-of-the-way places, and raising troops for regiments that can never be found, actimig in competition with each other, all de- sirous of having a camp on his own or his immediate neighbors flirum, and all claiming to be acting under the authority of General Anderson, and pitch in without the slightest reference to me. The consequence is that there is no head here, no anthority or control. If the general will confide to me the raising of troops in this section and give inc authority over that which immediately surrounds me, it seems to me that I ca Page 294 294 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. manage the affairs rather more successfully than it proceeds at present. I have at least some experience in raising an army. The utter confusion in which affairs are in this section impels me to call attention to it. Very respectfully, W. NELSON, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, Garrard County, Kentucky, October 4, 1861. General ROBERT ANDERSON, Commanding Department of the Cuniberland, Louisville, Ky.: GENERAL: I have been informed to-day privately, and I do not know that it is true, that 25,000 men will be sent to Kentucky within ten days to meet any movements on the part of the rebels against Kentucky. Should it be so, I have to ask that four of the best regiments, with two batteries, may be sent to me, supplied with transportation and ammuni- tion. 1 believe if I could get such a force here, and be ready to march in ten days from this time, that. I could seize on the railroad at Knox- ville and cut off all communication between Memphis and Virginia. The information I receive at this time from Tennessee is, that there are now but few troops in East Tennessee, but that it is the intention of the rebels to concentrate a large force there to act against Kentucky, and that they intend to invade this State and winter here if they can. I told General Scott, when in Washington, that I believed they would attempt the occupation of Kentucky, but fear I failed to impress upon his mind that it would be an important move on their part, and that we ought to be on the lookout lest.they get ahead again. The regiments I am receiving are raw, and as little prepared for a daring enterprise as those I found at Camp Dick Robinson, besides which there is but one regiment among them supplied with means of transportation. Zollicoffer has retired again, but I have a strong force in Rockcastle Hills. prepared to prevent any advance he may make. Two efficient batteries and four good regiments is all the additional force I want. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 4, 1861. Brig. Gen. 0. M. MITCHEL, F Commanding Department of Ohio, Cincinnati, Ohio: GENERAL: Affairs in this quarter are looking much better. The six regiments you have sent me are sufficient, unless the Southern force now in Virginia fall npon Kentucky. Should any movement of this kind be made I will give you timely notice of it. My greatest want now is means of transportation. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier-General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Page 295 ChAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 295 CAMP WiLDCAT, October 5, 1861. General GEORGE H. THOMAS: About two hours after the messenger left this morning I learned the rebels were in London. In a short time I ordered Major Cardwell, with 200 soldiers, to take a position about 3 miles from camp, on a hill be- yond Little Rockeastle, & c. I would have written you immediately, but I was not satisfied as to reliableness of the statement. A gentle- man has just arrived, but he did not see a rebel but there is no doubt but that some 9 cavalry wei e in London this morning, and they reported a force of 600 a short distance off. It may possibly be a plundering party. 1 would not write you, but I think it better to keep you posted with their movements. I would like very much to have some cavalry here. We have no doubt about sustaining our position. I send this by Mr. Pitzer, of Barboursville. He will return to camp with any dispatch you may desire to send. Respectfully, yonr obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Volunteers. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 7, 1861. To ECKERT: Returned from Muldranghs Hill Saturday evening. W. T. Sherman says his force is only 4,000 raw troops. Kentuckians are not enlisting, and give no aid whatever. If he is expected to make any diversion or offensive movements he must have large re-enforcements. The Louis- ville and Nashville Railroad has but eighty cars all told, and not reliable for military transportation. All Federal troops recently arrived in Ken- tacky have been sent to General Thomas. The enemys main force is in front of W. T. Sherman, but no indications of an intended advance. ANSON STAGER. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., Ootober 7, 1861. General THOMAS: DEAR SIR: Your communication of 4th instant is now before me. I have no information as to the movement of troops to Kentucky sug- gested by you. Should such, however, turn out to be the case, I will grant the request you make. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO, Cincinnati, October 7, 1861. Brigadier-General THOMAS, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: Your telegram of the 6th is received. At the earnest solicita- tion of Brigadier-General Nelson I have ordered the Second Ohio Reg Page 296 296 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. ment, Colonel Harris, to take position at a place called the Olympian Springs, about 20 miles east of Mount Sterling, in order to close the mountain gorge through which small bands of the enemy are constantly passing to Prestonburg to re-enforce a camp forming at that place. J haKe General Andersons authority for sending this regiment to the point already named. I look upon it as a strategic point of great importance in the contem- plated advance towards Cumberland Gaj~. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPT OF THE CIJ1~IBERLAND, No. 5. f Louisville, Ky., October 7, 1861. The commanding general learns with deep regret that arrests are being made in some parts of the State upon the slightest and most trivial grounds. He desires the civil authorities and orders the military not to make any arrests except where the parties are attempting to join the rebels or are engaged in giving aid or information to them, and in all eases the evidence must be such as will convict them before a court of justice. In some cases it is understood that the Home Guards have gone into adjoining counties and arrested and carried off parties who have been quietly remaining at home under the expectation that they would not be interfered with, provided that they did nothing in viola- tion of the spirit of the I)roclamation bearing date of September 24, issued from these headquarters. Some instances are mentioned of per- sons having been arrested and taken out of the State. This is all contrary to what the commanding general has declared to be his wish, and he trusts it will not be repeated. It is believed that many of those who at one time sympathized with rebellion are desirous of returning to their allegiance and wish to re- main quietly at home attending to their business. A conciliatory, fair course pursued towards such persons will join theni to onr cause; the reverse may force them into the ranks of our enemies. The commanding general entreats and urges his fellow-citizens to discountenance and endeavor to put a stop to these ill-timed and un- lawful arrests, and to aid him in keeping peace among ourselves. By command of Brigadier-General Anderson: OLIVER ft GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. I)EPT OF TIlE CIJMBERLAND, No. 6. Louisville, Ky., October 8, 1861. The following telegraph order was received yesterday at the head- quarters: WASHINGTON, D. C., October 6, 1561. Brigadier-General ANDERSON: To give you rest necessary to restoration of health, call Brigad icr-General Sherman to command the Department of the Cumberland. Turn over to him your instructions, ai~d report here in person as soon as you may without retarding your recovery. WINFIELD SCOTT. In obedience to the above orders, I hereby relinquish the co imand of the department to Brigadier-General Sherman Page 297 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETCUNION. 297 Regretting deeply the necessity which renders this step proper, I do it with less reluctance, because my successor, Brigadier-General Sher- man, is the man I had selected for that purpose. God grant that he may be the means of delivering this department from the marauding bands, who, under the guise of relieving and benefiting Kentucky, are doing all the injury they can to those who will not join them in their accursed warfare. ROBERT ANDERSON, Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding. GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 7. LonisviUe, Ky., October 8, 1861. Brig. Gen. Robert Anderson having relinquished the command of this department in General Orders, No. 6, of this date, the undersigned as- sumes command of this department. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 8, 1861. Brigadier-General CRITTENDEN: SIR: I have made an order for you to go to Oweusborough and to as- sume command of the regiments organizing in that quarter. I am aware that whilst regiments are being formed and equipped they can do little service, yet our enemies give us little time, and we must do the best we can. If one of the regiments could show itself on\Green River, make a cir- cuit south of the river and return, it would have a good effect. Hop- kinsville has 1,000 men, but poorly armed, and a demonstration on it woijid probably lead to its evacuation. Kentucky looks for some bold stroke, and with such men as Jackson, Johnson, Burbridge, Hawkins, and McHenry almost anything might be attempted. You may purchase subsistence or hire wagons at discretion. Certify the bills and I will have them paid here. Yours, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. LOUISVILLE, Kr., October 8, 1861. GARRETT DAVIS, Esq., Paris, Ky.: DEAR SIR: In reply to your letter of 7th instant * I state that General Anderson has already ordered an Ohio regiment to the point suggested l)y you in your favor. No further troops will be ordered now. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General. P. 5.I am forced into the command of this department against my will ,and it would take 300,000 men to fill half the calls for troops. * Not found Page 298 298 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. tOHAr. XIL LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 8, 1861. GARRETT DAVIS, Esq.: DEAR SIR: Yours of this date is received. * You will be surprised to learn that we have not the arms you mention. Arms are coIning forward very slowly. I have written and telegrapimd to General Nel- son, at Maysville, to take a regiment from Portsmouth, Ohio, up the Big Sandy, and at the same time for the Ohio regiment at Olympian Springs to advance towards Prestonburg. If Colonel Davis can by any means at hand scatter that camp I will approve of all the steps, but an advance up the Sandy, now navigable, would be almost sure to result in the retreat or (lispersion of the force. But we have not the arms. Men are offering, but arms and equipments are wanting. The real struggle in Kentucky is to be between this and Nashville. Yours, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 8, 1861. Colonel JACKSON, Owensborough: DEAR SIR: Yours of the 6th * is received. I am forced to organize and operate with insufficient means and materials. Your regiment has more facilities than any other, and I hope you will make rapid progress. Keep some runners down to Christian to keep up the hearts of your people, and if you could make a push of a few hundred men towards Hopkiusville it would disturb Buckner a good deal. I send General Crittenden down to Owensborough. They have not sent inc a single regular officer from Washington, and so engrossed are they with Mis- souri, that they dont do us justice. The more necessity for us to strain every nerve. W. T. SHERMAN Brigadier. General, Gommanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT & F THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 8, 1861. Brigadier-General NELSON, Commanding at ]Jiaysville, Ky.: GENERAL: I am directed by the general commanding to say th.at if in your judgment you can by a sudden march or by chartering a steam- boat to go up the Sandy surprise the rebel camp at Prestonburg, he fully authorizes you to do so, and desires you to do so. He is aware of your being greatly deficient in arms and ammunition for an expedition, but he hopes you may be able to arm a sufficient number of men for the purpose with the arms of the country. The general does not order this expedition, but hopes it can be under- taken. It is left entirely to your discretion. I am, gene~-al, yours, & c., OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. * Not found Page 299 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 299 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 8, 1861. General WARD, Greensburg, Ky.: II have been called here by General Anderson to assnme command in Kentucky. Until regiments are organized and equipped it will be al- most impossible to brigade them. Still, if you hear of Buckners forces advancing from Bowling Green, you could show your force on his flank about Glasgow or Little Barren and cause him to hesitate. Gather in all the Home Guard arms you can find. They are the prop- erty of the United States, confided to them for special reasons, but now that armies are in the field these scattered mnskets are of little use. We are moving heaven and earth to get the arms, clothing, and money necessary in Kentucky, but McClellan and Fr~mont have made such heavy drafts that the supply is scant. Yours, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Gommanding. -SPECIAL ORDERS, IIDQRS. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 38. Louisville, Ky., October 9, 1861. Brig. Gen. L. II. Rousseau will move his camp as soon as practicable forward to the vicinity of Kolin, selecting, with the advice of Captain Prime, a position for a large force. He will cause scouts to be sent forward towards Green River, and take every advantage of position left unoccupied by the enemy. By command of Brigadier-General Sherman: OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ HDQRS. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 39. Louisville, Ky., October 9, 1861. Brig. Gen. T. L. Crittenden will proceed with as little delay as possi- ble to Owensborough and Henderson, and take command of the United States forces at these two points. He will report in person to the gen- eral commanding, before his departure, for special orders and instruc- tions. By command of Brigadier-General Sherman: OLIVER IX GREENE, Assistant A~jutant- General. CINCINNATI, Onio, October 10, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding Dejpt of the Cumberland, Louisville, Ky.: GENERAL: The falling back of the rebels under Zollicoffer indicates the necessity of an outward movement on our part to seize the Cumber- land Gap and afford protection to our friends in East Tennessee, and with this in view the instructions (a copy of which is inclosed) to Brig- adier-General Mitchel have been given. It is hoped your judgment accords with the views of the Secretary of War, and will cheerfully ai Page 300 300 OPERATIONS iN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. in carrying them out. The Secretary of War will arrange a meeting with you in a few days. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servaut, L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. [Inclosure.] CINCINNATI, Onlo, October 10, 1861. Brig. Gen. 0. M. MITCHEL, Gommanding Department of the Ohio, Cincinnati, Ohio: GENERAL: By direction of the Secretary of War you are hereby assigned to duty in the Department of the Cumberland, and will repair to Camp iDick Robinson, and there prepare the troops for an outward movement, the object being to take possession of Cumberland Ford and Cumberland Gap, and ultimately seize the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad and attack and drive the rebels from that region of country. You will report your instructions to Brigadier-General Sherman, in command of this department, and be governed by such further orders as he may give. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 10, 1861. President LINCOLN: My own belief is that the Confederates will make a more desperate effort to gain Kentucky than they have for Missouri. The fo~ce now here or expected is entirely inadequate. The Kentuckians, instead of assisting, call from every quarter for protection against local seces- sionists. I named T. J. Wood at Governor Mortons instance, because he is a Kentuckian, and has been mustering officer at Indianapolis. He should have a brigade of Indiana volunteers. Col. R. W. Johnson is now with Colonel Jacksons cavalry regiment, in process of formation at Oweusborough. Both have good reputations in Regular Army. Mc- Cook has not arrived. All the men in Indiana and Ohio are ready to come to Kentucky, but they have no arms, and we cannot supply them arms, cloth in~g, or anything. Answer. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General. CAMP WILDCAT, October 10, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS: The point called Laurel Hill I am unable to say anything definite. When I wrote you some days ago I was of the opinion that the hill known as Laurel Hill was beyond Little Rockeastle, and not more than 3 miles from this camp; but now I am induced to believe the hill is be- yond Big Laurel Creek; if so, I cannot say anything definite about it. There is a bridge over Big Laurel, though the stream is not 50 feet wide. There is no ford for several miles either above or below, as I am told by citizens, except near the bridge. The country on the opposite [side] of the creek from this is level for some 300 yards; then the road forks, one by Barboursville, the other by Paynes Cross-Roads, and ~unite 8 miles beyond Barboursville, near th Page 301 CHAP. XIII CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 301 Flat Lick. The hill beyond the bridge, some say, commands the roads, though I cannot see how it does. I have been informed that the rebels have been examining a hill be- yond London 9 miles, where there is a meetin~house, near Mdllargues. I understand this hill commands the Barboursville road for some dis- tance. They may establish a temporary camp there for the purpose of getting grain, & c., it being one of the best neighborhoods on the road, though this would not command the road that runs by Paynes Cross- Roads. I have nuderstood, but place no confidence in the report, that the rebels intend going through Whitley County and Pulaski, so as to surround this camp. They were in Williamsburg Saturday last; that is, about 200 cavalry. When Captain Smith, of the cavalry, reached here there was not one of Colonel Wolford~ men in camp, nor had there been for several days, and if my informant is correct, some of them that are now here will do no good. They were seen drunk on picket yesterday at or near London, some 10 miles from this camp. In regard to surgeon and assistant, 1 will write to Dr. William Atkis- son, tendering to him the appointment on conditions, which conditions I will state to him. If he accepts, I will tell him to report to you as he comes to join the regiment. I would like very much to have had Dr. Hogan as assistant surgeon, as he is very attentive, and so far has treated the cases which he has been called npon to attend in such a manner as to give satisfaction. If it is not contrary to orders, I would like for Dr. Hogan to remain as assist. ant with the surgeon, so that the surgeon acting with him may have an opportunity of testing his qualifications practically. Dr. Hogan says that he was embarrassed, but still thinks he could undergo an exam- ination. Inclosed I send you Zollicoffers proclamation ,~ also statement of [illeg- iblej about the location of troops. The proclamation was copied from Zollicoffers. Captain Smith, of the cavalry, has several men that will not do any good here. I have advised hium to send them to Camp Dick Robinson, so that he may get some others in return. I have 975 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates in the regiment. Inclosed I send you list of articles received in the regiment agreeably to the different captains reports. OCToBER 11. I have no late news of the rebels, that is rdiable, near us, though some of the officers believe a squad was seen between this camp and Mount Vernon. Respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Kentucky Volunteers. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TIlE Onio, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 10, 1861. Brigadier-General THOMAS, Camp 1)ick Robinson: GENERAL: Under orders from the Secretary of War of this date, I am directed to repair to Camp Dick Robinson, and there prepare the * Not Ibund Page 302 302 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [GUAm XII. troops for an onward movement, the object being to take possession of Cumberland Ford and Cumberland Gap, and ultimately seize the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad. In compliance with these orders, I desire you to move the three Ohio regiments now in Camp iDick Robinson to some convenient point beyond your camp, in the hope that they may thus escape the epidemic now prevailing among your men. You will order the regiments at Nicholas- yule to remain there until their transj ortation shall arrive. I beg you, general, to make every preparation in your power for this expedition in which we are about to be united. it is my purpose to leave for the camp as soon as I am assured that supplies, transportation, ammunition, and other necessaries are certain to be sent forward. In the hope of soon greeting you in camp, I have the honor to be, very truly, your obedient servant, 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS U. S. FORCES, Paducah, Ky., October 10, 1861. To all whom it may concern, greeting: Since the undersigned assumed command of the troops at this place his purpose has been to pursue such a course as to show the inhab- itants of this region that it was not the intention of the Government to interfere with their comfort and well being in any respect, not except- ing those who were well known to sympathize with the people of the States in rebellion. The person and property of every one has been pro- tected, and quiet and good order preserved. If any discomfort or annoyance has occurred, it has been incidental to a state of war and from military necessity. The undersigned hoped that such course would open the eyes of the population to the falsehoods industriously circulated by the leaders and politicians of the South respecting the intention of the Government in sending troops here. Perhaps it may have done some good; but the course taken by some of the inhabitants of this city, and by many in the neighborhood, satisfies him that the conciliatory policy ceases to be a virtue. He will accordingly, take such measures as the circumstances call for and justify. What those may be, time will develop. As one incas- nrc, he has forbidden the outposts to pass out any person without a written permission from these headquarters, which will only be given to persons of approved loyalty to the Government of the United States. Nor will goods or stores of any description he permitted to pass out without the same permission. C. F. SMITH, Brigadier- General, Commanding. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 11, 1861. Brigadier-General THOMAS, Gommanding Gamp Dick Robinson: SIR: It is very important you should make an advance movement in tbe direction of the Cumberland. I know your means of transportatio Page 303 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.~-UNION. 303 are insufficient, but our adversaries are no better oft; and we should fight with similar means. Can you hire some wagons and show a force in the direction of London ~ Of necessity I cannot give minute directions, and can only say that if your men simply move, the effect will be good. Yours, W. T. SHERMAX, Brigadier- General, 4lommanding. CINdJNNATI, October 11, 1861. Hon. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War; General Cameron [Secretary of Warj has placed me in command of the force at Camp Dick Robinson, Central Kentucky, and has ordered preparation for an immediate advance towards Cumberland Gap. I have no division staft except a medical director. Am 1 at liberty to name an adjutant-general with the rank of colonel, a division quarter- master with the same rank, an inspector-general with same rank; coin- missary, chief engineer, aides, with the rank of captain 0? Where can I[ obtain money 0? Please answer, as Tam ordered to act with the greatest promptitude. 0. M. MITCHEL, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, Garrard County, Kentucky, October 11, 1861. Brig. Gen. 0. M. MITCHEL, Commanding Department of the Ohio, Cincinnati, Ohio GENERAL: Your communication of the 10th instant was received to. day at the hands of Governor Johnson, of Tennessee. I have been doing all in my power to prepare the troops for a move on Cunmberlaud Ford and to seize the Tennessee and Virainia Railroad, and shall continue to do all I can to assist you until your arrival here; but justice to myself requires that I ask to be relieved from duty with these troops, since the Secretary has thought it necessary to supersede me in the command, without, as I conceive, any just cause for so doing. I have already sent one regiment forward, and shall send the others as soon as I can get the transportation. It was my desire to have ad- vanced two regiments and a battery about 0 miles beyond London, to secure the road to Barboursville and to protect a large tract of country abounding in forage, but up to this time have not been able to get the transportation. I have also been very much embarrassed in my operations from the want of funds, not having received any since my arrival here, nearly a month ago. I hope the Government will be more liberal with you. 1 am~ general, resj)ectfully, & c., your obedient servant, GRO. II. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. CAMP KENTON, October 11, 1861. General TfoJxiAs, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: I inclose herewith the copy of a letter received this afternoon from Colonel Harris, of the Second Ohio Regiment, at Camp Gill, at th Page 304 304 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr~ XIL Olympian Springs. A copy of this I have forwarded to General Sher- man, at the same [timel telegraphing him requesting that two regiments from Lexington or Nicholasvill~ might be immediately ordered to the assistance of Colonel Harris, and that I will go so soon as I can possi- bly hire wagons. General Sherman sends me the inclosed telegraph in reply. Accordingly I send Lieutenant Duke, Second Dragoons, to you, and beg that two regiments be immediately sent to the support of Harris. I have called on all the Home Guards in this and the Ashland dis- tricts, but they show great indisposition to turn out; in fact, they can- not be depended upon. They are ~ rangers and nothing more. I look to you for support. Very truly, W. NELSON, Brigadier- General. [Inclosures.] CAMP GILL, October 10, 1861. Brigadier-General NELSON, Afaysrdle, Ky.: SIR: I arrived at this point this evening with my command, 900 strong. I found Colonel Grigsby with 300 men. From reliable information just received I have no doubt that there are now at the rebel camp at Prestonburg, at the very lowest calcula- tion, at least 4,000 men. They are very well armed and well mounted, and are receiving constant accessions from above and below. They have also two pieces of artillery, an S and 6 pounder, that we know of Colonel Grigsby has been very active in procuring information, and there can be no doubt of the correctness of it. It is absolutely linpossi- ble for them to subsist their force in that region for any length of time, and I feel assured that unless a sufficient force is rapidly concentrated at this point they will be down upon us in less than five days. From information brought this evening I believe that their forward movement will commence on the 12th inst ut. We will push a force of 200 men into the mountains to-night after a detachment on their way to join them. I cannot impress upon you too strongly the necessity of pushing forward as rapidly as possible, and to bring along a section, if not a full battery, of artillery of light pieces. If you have no artillery, 1 think by telegraphing General Mitchel you can be supplied. I know that he will cheerhully accede to almost any request I may make; I also know that artillery in this region is very, very essential. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, L. A. HARRIS, Colonel Second Regiment 0. V. ]lf. L. B. GRLG SBY, Colonel [Kentucky Militia]. JNO. S. HURT Major [Kentucky Militia]. HEADQUARTERS, Louisrille, Ky., October 11, 1861. General NELSON [Camp Kenton]: Send messenger to Thomas, at Dick Robinson. He has two regi- ments at Nicholasville. A movement from Prestonburg on Olympian Springs cannot be made so promptly. General Anderson has jus Page 305 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 305 started for Lexington and Dick Robinson, and will hear of any move- ment in that direction. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General. HEAD QUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., Octolwr 12, 1861. Brigadier-General THOMAS, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: I am officially notified that a detachment of recruits for the Thirty-third Indiana, Colonel Coburn, has been sent to him via Cincin- nati, and the governor asks me to send arms for them. We have not the arms, and I can find none. An agent of the State from Washington assures me 17,000 arms have been sent for the Kentucky troops. Regi- ments of men from Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio are offering, all withont arms, and I am powerless. I can only suggest that you rednce the regiment to its number of arms by ordering the sick back to their State. When arms come, the regi- ment can again be filled. This is very discon~aging, but is the only remedy that suggests itself to me. I am, & c., your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. LOUISVILLE, Kr., October 12, 1861. Brig. Gen. GEORc~E H. THOMAS, Commanding Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: General Nelson telegraphs me that the rebels encamped at Pres- tonburg have begun to move forward. The regiment of Colonel harris, at Olympian Springs, was posted there to watch the only practicable avenue of approach from that quarter. I directed him to send a mes- senger to you, and you may detach from, say, Nicholasville, or your own camp, to either re-enforce Colonel Ilarris or General Nelson, who is directed to move with all the volunteers he can arm to check the move- ments, and, if possible, disperse them. General Nelson asks for arms, but we have none, and the ouly alternative is to give him the two regi- meuts at Nicholasville. As to your own movement, I leave to yourself, until I can come to see you. I do not believe you can cross Cumberland Gap this year, but you can compel Zollicoffer to fall well back in the mountains beyoiid the Cumberland. The State board are now actively engaged in raising regiments, and I hope may prove successful. They have funds, and can oIThr induce- ments to the volunteers not heretofore enjoyed by us. All volunteers raised in that quarter will fall to you, and can be used in pnshing to- wards the south and east. I do not think it likely a force superior to yours can come from that direction. But it is (litlerent towards the south and west. The railroads come from Nashville and Memphis and meet at Bowling Green, whence it is continuous to Green River, where is Bnckners present advance. Ours are at Nohn, about 23 miles this side, and volunteers are forming in the neighborhood of Greensburg and Monroe County, and at Henderson and Oweusborough, 20 U RYOL l Page 306 306 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAP. XIL on the Ohio River. Thousands on thousands of men could be had from the States north of the Ohio, but arms and accouterments are wauting. These are promised, but are very slow in coming. If I observe no signs of movement on the other side of Green River within a few days, I will come down to see you, and we can then agree on some combined action. The season is now f~r advanced, and we must not delay. Yours, XV. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Comm an ding. SPECIAL ORDERS, ll]QRs. DEPT OF THE CUMBERLAND, No. 51. Louisville, Ky., October 12, 1861. Brig. Gen. A. McD. McCook, U. S. volunteer forces, having reported at these headquarters, in obedience to instructions from the War De- partment, will proceed to the camp at Nolin Creek and assume coin- mand of all the United States forces in that vicinity. By comman(l of Brigadier-General Sherman: OLIVER I). GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. LOUISVILLE, Ks., October 13, 1861. Brig. Gen. GEORGE H. THOMAS, Ccnndg. Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: Your letters of the 11th and 12th of October,~ were received last night. I would start for your camp at once, but am notified by the Secretary of War that he will be here to meet me. The paymaster is here with funds. Colonel Swords, quartermaster, has just reported, and I am assured that ample funds will be provided for all necessaries. I myself was compelled to indorse a (Iraft to get money in bank. The fact is, the arrangement for the supply of money promised us before leaving Washington has not been J)romptly kept, but I am certain that very soon we will be supplied, and your loan of the bank shall be paid, if my order will accomplish it. In like manner I authorize you to go on and prepare your comman(l foi active service. General Mitchel is subject to my orders, and I will, if possible, give you the opportunity of completing what yon have begun. Of course I would do anything in my power to carry out your wishes, but feel that the affairs of Kentncky call for the united action of all engaged in the cause of preserving our Government. I am, with great respect, your obedient servant W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 14, 1861. A. LINCOLN, President United States: I have reliable intelligence from Bowling Green that Simon Buckner has over 20,000 men, with cars sufficient to move them. He has Ten- *Not found Page 307 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 307 nesseeans, Texans, and Cherokee Indians. ilardee is there, and 6,000 from Columbus. XV. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. P. S.Green River Bridge blown up. LoUIsvILLE, Ky., October 15, 1861. Colonel TURCHIN: DEAR SIR: Two gentlemen unknown to me, but introduced by Mr. Guthrie, say some negro slaves have taken refuge in your camp and are there sheltered. The laws of the United States and of Kentucky, all of which are binding on us, compel us to surrender a runaway negro on application of negros owner or agent. I believe you have not been instrumental in this, but my orders are that all negroes shall be delivered up on claim of the owner or agent. Better keep the negroes out of your camp altogether, unless you brought them along with the regiment. Yours, , W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 15, 1861. Brig. Gen. [A. McD.] MCCooK, Comdg. Camp on NoUn: SIR: 1 have ordered Colonel Willich to move by the road to ilodgens. ville to your camp with eight companies, the two others to follow as soon as Colonel Pope can reach New Haven with his regiment of Ken- tucky volunteers; also Captain Cotters battery of five of James rifled guns. He has not all the proper ammunition, but must use the best at hand. I have a regiment now unarmed. I will arm them with the best foreign muskets on hand and send forward as soon as possible. I must go to Camp Dick Robinson on business ordered by the Secre- tary of War, but will leave orders here for all staff officers to supply you with all things possible, and to forward any armed troops that may arrive. The destruction of the railroad bridge at Green River, the defensive preparations at Bowling Green, and other flicts lead inc to conclude that an enemy awaits us on the other side of Green River. But you must be prepared for anything. I leave orders for Generals Wood and Johnson to hasten to you the moment they arrive, and I wish you to divide your command into three brigades and push the drill. Look well to the ammunition, and if you need any, telegraph or send down a special messenger. I am now fully alive to the fact that we have not strength adequate to the case, but I have done all possible to hasten forward re-enforce- ments; but the difficulty is the want of arms. The Kentuckians, too, are slow in organizing, though they promised much. - There is one regiment (Griders) already formed in Monroe County, south of you. Brigadier-General Ward, at G reensburg, also has three regiments forming. They are ordered to threaten the flank of Buck- ncrs position. At Owenshorough, on the Ohio, are also forming four regiments. I have sent General Crittenden there to hurry forward the organization and to make demonstrations on that flank. I kno Page 308 308 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XII. these are mere demonstrations, but that is all that can be attempted. The main reliance is on what you have in hand. You must act on the defensive until much strengthened, but the safety of our nation depends on you holding that ground for the present. Yours, truly, ~. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQIIS. DEPT OF TEE CUMBEIILAND, No. 55. Louisville, Ky., October 15, 1861. Upon their arrival in this city Brig. Gens. Thomas J. Wood and R. W. Johnson, U. S. volunteer forces, are directed to proceed with all possible dispatch to the camp at Nolin and report to Brigadier-General McCook, commanding, for further orders. By command of Brigadier-General Sherman: OLIVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. LoUISVILLE, October 16, 1861. His Excellency the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Matters are in a much worse condition than I expected to find them.* A large number of troops needed here immediately. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 16, 1861. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War: Arms and re-enforcements needed here immediately. How many muskets, pistols, and sabers can be had ~i Is Negleys brigade ready to march, and where is it ~ SIMON CAMERON. PADUCAII, Ky., October 16, 1861. ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, Headquarters Department of the West, Saint Louis, lIiJio.: SIR: A few days since the gunboat Conestoga (Captain Phelps) went up the Tennessee to Fort Henry. He describes it as a respectable earth- work, mounting heavy guns, with outworks, and a garrison of probably 1,700 to 1,800 men. Since then I have learned from three different sources that the num- ber of guns is 20 and the garrison 2,000; that they are constructing three ~unboats, iron l)lated, to mouut heavy ordnance, and expect to attack this place, aided by a land force from different directions. The old scheme. I went up the Tennessee this morning in the Com~estoga to the Chain of Rocks. I can render the gunboa4ts useless to the enemy hereafter, if need be, by sinking at this place two or three coal barges filled with stone. * See Thomas to Cameron, October 21, 1861, P. 313 Page 309 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. 309 To-morrow the gunboat will go up~ again to secure a ferry-boat about 40 miles up the Tennessee, used by the enemy from time to time. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. F. SMITH, Brigadier- General, Commanding. LEXINGTON, Kr., October 17, 1861. THoMAs A. SCOTT, Washington, D. C.: Send Negley and his comiiuand at once to General Sherman, at Louis- ville. If iRandall has no guns, order his men to Louisville, and send guns there for him. Send 3,000 guns to Governor Morton, [udianapolis, who will put them into the hands of his men at once. Send the remain- ing muskets to Sherman at Louisville. SIMON CAMERON, & cretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, October 17, 1861. General NEGLEY, Pittsburgh: Proceed with your command to Louisville, and report to General Sherman for orders. I presume your river transportation will take you there, if the water is good, quicker than any other. If stores are aboard, set oft immediately. Answer. THOMAS A. SCOTT. CAMP WILDCAT, October 17, 186112 p. m. General GEORGE II. THoMAs: Two messengers have just arrived from 9 miles beyond London, in- forming me certainly that Zollicoffer with his force is approaching and are at Stephen Colliers to-night. I must have aid here to-morrow. They say they have information that they have some 6,000. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment. It is 23 miles from here to Zollicoffers camp. Your artillery can reach here before the enemy does. PARIS, Ky., October 18, 1861. Captain GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General, Louisville, Ky.: SIR: Night before last I wrote to General Sherman, saying that I would march at daylight yester(lay (the 17th) to take possession of Mc- Cormicks Gap, on the State road from Mount Sterling to Prestonburg, by way of Ilazel Green, and that I would find the enemy and report his iiumbers. I ordered the Second Ohio Regiment and Colonel Grigsbys militia to movethe militia at daylight and the Ohio troops at 5 oclock. When the militia were called out to move they flatly refused, and, not- withstanding all the exertions of their officers, broke up, with the excep- tion of about 120, turned in their arms, and started home. Some who made the dxcuse that they could not march 13 miles in the direction of the enemy, did march from the Springs to Winchester last night, a distance from the enemy of 30 miles Page 310 310 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CIIAP. XII. The consequence is that Harris regiment is now at McCormicks Gap without support. The enemy, I believe, from all information I can gather, to be 1,500 strong at Hazel Green, 18 miles from McCormicks, and 500 at West Liberty, which is 5 miles from Hazel Green. Sills regiment is making forced marches to get up, and to-night will be at Mount Sterling. If the rebels get the pass at McCormicks they will then hold the three passes into the blue-grass region, and be able to come down whenever it suits them. If I can hold McCormicks I turn the other two, Bettys Gap and Vokum, and move and break up their force. The whole mountain, whence we expected to get many soldiers, is becoming completely demoralized, and. they are enlisting under Williams. From the passes to this town is but 45 miles, and their forward move- ment must flank the whole line of operations going on towards Dick Robinson. I beg that such force as the general commanding will deem proper be immediately sent to my assistance. With two regiments from Lexing- ton, or elsewhere, I can finish this business. Without such assistance I cannot be certain as to the result. I rode to this place to get near the postal lines and the telegraph, and return immediately to join Colonel Harris. Very respectfully, W. NELSON, Brigadier-General. CAMP WILDCAT, October 18, 18611 p. m. General GEORGE H. THOMAS: I have information now beyond doubt that Zollicoffer is coming on with a large force and six pieces artillery. I saw the colonel of the Indiana regiment last night at the river when Mr. Faulkner left. I insisted on his returning to his regiment and coin- ing up and joining me immediately. He said he could not do so unless he was ordered by you. I am now making arrangements to move my sick and commissarys stores across the river,and intend,if I do not receive more troops, to abandon this place and retreat towards Camp Robinson. I have no idea of having my men butchered up here, where they have a force of six or seven to one, with artillery. I would like to hear from you im- mediately. Very respectfully, T. T. GAIIlIARD, Golonel Third Regiment Kentucky Volunteers. CAMP DICK RoBINSoN, October 19, 1861. Brigadier General THOMAS: SIR: Having inspected your position and situation, I must say you are surrounded by difficulties and exposed to labors of the most serious character. We all occupy the strange position of carrying on war to defend Ken- tucky against an invasion of secessionists from abroad and refugees from the State. A force threatens the fertile basins of Kentucky from the east b Page 311 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC~UNION. 311 way of Prestonburg and West Liberty. I have given General Nelson all the force disposable to meet that danger, viz, three regiments of Ohio troops. His proper base is Paris, Ky., and he will draw his supplies from Cincinnati. Your force is distributed from the Kentucky River to the Rockeastle Hills. I understand the pass through these hills is now menaced by General Zollicoffer from Cumberland Ford; that Colonel Garrard is defending the pass with his Kentucky regiment, and that Colonels Con- nell and Coburn are in support. The distance is too far from you, and either those regiments must fall back on you or yo~ advance to their support. The latter is the better plan, and you will move forward with all of your command that is l)re- pared to move to some point at Crab Orchard or Mount Vernon, and either recall the troops in advance to you or sustain the advance in or near the Rockeastle River. The details must be left in a great measure to yourself; only keep your forces as well together as possible, and do the best you can. Colonels Bruce and Dudley, at Lexington, are instructed to gnard Lexington and the railroad as far as Nicholasville. You had better leave the sick and such as you determine to leave behind either here in camp or back near the bridge over the Kentucky River. I have also instructed General Mitchel, at Cincinnati, if 1)osSi- ble, to gather another Ohio regiment at Paris, and to guard the railroad back to the Ohio River. The critical condition of affairs at Lonisville recalls me to those head- quarters. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier-General. CAMP WILDCAT, October 19, 1861. General GEORG-E H. THOMAS: On yesterday the rebel cavalry advanced as far as 1 mile this side of the forks of the road; there they had a skirmish with a squad of cavalry of ours. I only know what the cavalry men report. They say they killed one of the rebelsthey got a clever horse and his hat; Captain Smith has his hat. Bibb, of the cavalry, says he killed the person and brought the horse into camp. Four or 5 of our men are missing, thouah they may not be killed. Three of their horses followed into camy. Some of our men report that several of our men found their horses g~v- ing way, and jumped off and took to the brush. Up to this time I have heard no more from our men. A messenger arrived here abont midnight, and says the rebels had all withdrawn from this side of the forks of the roads. As the messen- ger passed the forks of the road, Mrs. Pitman told him the rebels said they had killed 1 of our men near there, and they ought to have him buried, though the messenger saw nothing of any dead body. The infantry at 4 oclock yesterday evening had not reached Laurel Bridge, but some 400 cavalry had been this side of London. The rebels say they have some 11,000 infantry, 600 cavalry. They have a large force, and were re-enforced the day before they left Flat Lick. The river has been up, but will be fordable to-day or to-morrow. I have had all my commissary stores put on the other side of the river, and intemmd retreating unless I receive re-enforcements. They have men enough to come to this camp in every direction. I have had the roa Page 312 312 OPERATiONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL blockaded for several miles and a bridge torn up, but they can soon cut out the road. I have not heard one word from you since I wrote on the morning of the 17th instaut. If they have 1,3a0 cavalry, they have almost two to one of our effective forces. The messenger says he saw a tolerably large, nearly white-headed, person with the cavalry, who said he lived between Lancaster and Camp liobinson, and that he said his name was An- derson; also that Gabriel Saulter was with them that they had a company of 38 Kentuckians, principally from Montgomery and Bath Counties. Juclosed I send you a note from a reliable person 1~~om Flat Lick. He differs from the messenger as to numbers, though several persons are in camp now that saw them leave Flat Lick. They say the troops coin- menced moving early Wednesday morning, and it was 11 oclock before they passed. Yours, very respectfully, T. T. GARRARD, Colonel Third Regiment Kentucky Volunteers. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ IIDQRS. FIRST KENTUCKY BRIGADE, No. 13. f Camp Dick Robinson, October 19, 1861. I. Brig. Gen. Albin Schoepf having reported to these headquarters for duty, agreeably to Department Orders, No. 58, is assigned to the command of the troops now iu the Rockcastle Hills. He will l)roceed at once to that point and make all disposition Li his power for the de- fense of his position against the advance of the enemy. * * * * * * * By order of Brigadier-General Thomas: GEO. E. FLYNT, Assistant Adjutant- General. LOUISVILLE, Ks., October 20, 1861. SECRETARY OF WAR, Washington, D. C.: Found Camp Dick Robinson partially supplied, and much troubled for want of money. Rumors of an advance. Thomas had sent forward two regiments to Rockcastle. Ordered him to concentrate near Crab Orchard or Mount Vernon. On return here find all at Camp Nolin quiet, but confirmatory intelligence of Buckners strength on the other side of Green River, with the purpose of an attack on Louisville and Cincinnati. General Ward, at Greensburg, on a report of an advance of 2,000 rebels, fell back to Campbehlsville, where, being re-enforced by volunteers, he made an attack. lie calls for reenforcements, aimd I have none to give. The Pittsburgh troops are floating down the river, and have not reached Cincinnati. General Mitchel reports he is ordered by you to remain at Cincinnati. Answer. W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding Page 313 ChAP. XII.] cORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 313 CAMP WILDCAT, October 20, 1861. Colonel WOLFORD: You will join us immediately. Our advance gnards are firing, and have been at it for some time. I have no means of telling the force that is engaged against ns. Yours, respectfully, T. T. GAPRARD, Colonel Third Regiment. N. B.Please send this to General Thomas or to some one in com- mand of troops from Camp Robinson. [Indorsement.] TEN A. M.2 miles west of Mount Vernon. The Ohio regiment is np, and the Indiana will be up by 1 p. m. The whole force in the rear has been hurried up. Send us all you can spare. A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. WASHINGTON, ID. C., October 21, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War: SIR: I have the honor to submit the report requested in your letter of the 19th instant.* * * * * * * * We left Saint Louis October 14, and arrived at Indianapolis in the evening. Remained at Indianapolis October 15, and conversed freely with Governor Morton. We found that the State of Indiana had come nobly np to work of snppressing the rebellion. Fifty-five regiments, with several batteries of artillery, had been raised and equipped; a larger num~ er of troops in proportion to population than any other State had sent into the field. The best spirit prevailed, and it was manifest that additional troops could rea(lily be raised. The governor had established an arsenal, and furnished all the Indiana troops with full supplies of ammunition, including fixed ammunition for their batteries of artillery. This arsenal was visite(l, and found to be in full oI)eration. It ~vas nnder the charge of a competent pyrotechnist. Quite a number of females were employed in making cartridges, and I venture to assert that the ammunition is equal to that which is manufactured anywhere else. Governor Morton stated that his funds for this purpose were ex- hausted, but the Secretary desired him to continue his operations, in- forming him that the Government would pay for what had been furnished to the troops in the field. It is suggested that an officer of ordnance be sent to Indianapolis to inspect the arsenal and ascertaimi the amount expended in the manufacture of ammunition, with a view to reimburs- ing the State. Left Indianapolis October 16 for Louisville, Ky., where we arrived at 12.30 oclock p. in., and had an interview with General Sherman, coin- manding the Department of the Cumuberlaimd. He gave a gloomy pic- ture of affairs in Kentucky, stating that the young men were generally secessionists and had joined the Confederates, while the Union men, the aged and conservatives, would not enroll themselves to engage in conflict with their relations on the other side. But few regimemits could ~ On p. 538, Vol. III of this series. That portion of the report h~re omitted relates to affairs in Missouri, and will be found on pp. 540549 of Vol. III Page 314 314 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. be raised. He said that Buckner was in advance of Green River, with a heavy force, on the road to Louisville, an d an attack might be daily eXj)ected, which, with his then force, he would not be able to resist, but that he would fight them. He as well as citizens of the State said that the border States of Kentucky must furnish the troops to drive the rebels from the State. His force then consisted of 10,000 troops, in advance of Louisville, in camp at Noun River, and on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad at various points; at Camp Dick Robinson, or acting in conjunction with General Thomas, 9,000; and two regiments at Henderson, on the Ohio, at the mouth of Green River. [See inclosure] On being asked the question, what force he deemed necessary, he promptly replied 200,000 men. This conversation occurred in the pres- ence of Mr. Guthrie and General Wood. The Secretary replied that he supposed that the Kentuckians would not iu any number take up arms to operate against the rebels, but he thought General Sherman over- estimated the number and power of the rebel forces; that the Govern- ment would furnish troops to Kentucky to accomplish the work; that he (the Secretary) was tired of this defensive war, and that the troops must assume the offensive and carry the war to the firesides of the enemy; that the season for operatious in Western Virginia was about over, and that he would take the troops from there and send them to Kentucky; but he begged of General Sherman to assume the offensive and to keep the rebels hereafter on the defensive. The Secretary desired that the Camberland Ford and Gap should be seized, and the East Ten- nessee and Virginia Railroad taken possession of and the artery that supplied the rebellion cut. Complaint was made of the want of arms, and, on the question being asked, What became of the arms we sent to Kentucky 6?~ we were informed by General Sherman that they had passed into the hands of the Home Guards, and could not be recovered; that many were already in the hands of the rebels, and others refused to surrender those in their possession, alleging the desire to use them in defense of their individual homes if invaded. In the hands of individuals and scattered over the State, these arms are lost to the army in Kentucky. Having ascertained that 6,200 arms had arrived from Europe at Philadelphia, 3,000 were ordered to Governor Morton, who promised to place them immediately in the hands of troops for Kentucky; the remaining 3,200 were sent to General Sherman at Louisville. Negleys brigade, at Pittsburgh, 2,800 strong, two companies of the Nineteenth Infantry, from Indianapolis, the Eighth Wisconsin at Saint Louis, the Second Regiment of Minnesota Volunteers at Pittsburgh, and two regiments from Wisconsin were then ordered to Kentucky, making in all a re- enforcement of about 10,000 men. We left Louisville at 3 oclock p. m. for Lexington, accompanied by General Sherman and Mr. Guthrie; remained there a few hours, and proceeded to Cincinnati, arriving at 8 oclock p ni. At Lexington also we found that the opinion existed that the young men of Kentucky had joined the rebels; that no large bodies of troops could be raised in Kentucky; and that the defense of the State must necessarily devolve upon the free States of the West and Northwest Having accomplished the object of our visit to the West, we left Cm- cinnati on the 18th and reached Washington on the 21st, having spent the 19th and 20th at Harrisburg. Respectfully submitted. L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General Page 315 CHAP. XII.1 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 315 [Inclosure.] in camp at NoUn River and on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad at various points. Sixth Indiana, Colonel Crittenden, Noun River. Twenty-ninth Indiana, Colonel 1\liller, Noun River. Thirtieth Indiana, Colonel Bass, Noun River. Thirty-eighth indiana, Colonel Scribner, Kolin River. Thirty-ninth Indiana, Colonel Harrison, Noun River. Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Willich, New Haven. Tenth Indiana, Colonel Manson, Bardstown. Nineteenth Illinois, Colonel Turchin, Lebanon Junction. Twenty-fourth illinois, Colonel Hecker, Colesbnrg. Thirty-fourth illinois, Colonel Kirk, Nolin River. Fifteenth Ohio, Colonel Dickey, Nolin River. Forty-ninth Ohio, Colonel Gibson, Nolin River. Third Kentucky, Colonel, Nolin River. Fourth Kentucky (cavalry), Colonel Board, Nolin River. Stones Kentucky light battery, four pieces, Noun River. Cotters (Ohio) six rifled pieces will be in camp in two or three days at Nolin River. At Camp Dick Robinson, or acting in conjunction with General Thomas command. Two Tennessee regiments, nearly full and nearly ready for service. Four Kentucky regiments, in same condition as Tennessee regiments; one regiment cavalry. Fourteenth Ohio, Colonel Steedman, Nicholasville. Seventeenth Ohio, Colonel Connell, Nicholasville. Thirtyi hird Indiana, Colonel Coburn, Camp Dick Robinson. Thirty-eighth and Thirty-fifth Ohio, Camp Dick Robinson. Three batteries of artillery, Ohio. Four Ohio regiments on line of Covington and Lexington Railroad, acting with General Thomas. Thirty-first Indiana, Colonel Cruft, Oweusborough. Also three or four Kentucky regiments at Oweusborough, under General Crittenden, not full nor ready for th~ field, but probably 1,500 men could turn out under arms. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 22, 1861. General L. THOMAS, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.: Sin: On my arrival at Camp Dick Robinson I found General Thomas had stationed a Kentucky regiment at Rockcastle Hills, beyond a river of same name, and had sent an Ohio and an Indiana regiment forward in support. He was embarrassed for transportation, but I authorized him to hire teams and to move his whole force nearer to his advance guard, so as to support it, as he had information of the approach of Zollicoffer towards London. I have just heard from him that he had sent forward General Schoepf, with Colonel Wolfords cavalry, Colonel Steedmans Ohio regiment, and a battery of artillery, followed on a succeeding day by the Tennessee brigade. He had still two Kentuck Page 316 316 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII regiments, the Thirty-eighth Ohio, and another battery of artillery, with which he was to follow yesterday. This force if concentratcd should be strong enough for the purpose, and at all events is all he had or I could give him. I explaine(l to you fully when here the sup- posed position of our adversaries, among which was a force in the valley of Big Sandy supposed to be advancing on Paris, Ky. General Nelson, at Maysville, was instructed to colle~ all the men he could and Colonel Sills regiment of Ohio volunteers. Colonel Harris Was already in posi- tion at Olympian Springs, and a regiment lay at Lexington, which I ordered to his support. This leaves the line of Thomas operations ex- posed, but I cannot help it. I explained so fully to yourself and the Secretary of War the condition of things, that I can add nothing now until further developments. You know my viewsthat this great center of our field was too weak, far too weak, and I have begged and implored till I dare not say more. Buckner still is beyond Green River. He sent a detachment of his men, variously estimated from 2,000 to 4,000, towards Greensburg. General Ward, with abont 1,000 men, retreated to Campbellsville, where he called to his assistance some partially formed regiments to the nnmber of about 2,000. The enemy did not advance, and General Ward was at last dates at Campbellsville. These officers, charged with rais- ing regiments, must of necessity be nearer their hollies to collect men, and for this reason are out of position; but at or near Greensburg and Lebanon I desire to assemble as large a force of the Kentucky volun- teers as possible. This organization is necessarily irregular, but the necessity is so great, that I limust have them, and therefore have issued to them arms and clothing (luring the process of formation. This has facilitated their enlistment; but inasmuch as the legislature provided the means for organizing the Kentucky volunteers, and intrusted their disbursements to a board of loyal gentleinemi, I have eimdeavored to co- operate wit.h them to hasten the formation of these corps. The great difficulty is, and has been, that as volunteers offer we have not arms and clothing to give them. The arms sent us are, as you already kuow, European muskets of uncouth pattern, which the volunteers will not touch. General McCook has now three brigadesJohnsons, Woods, and Rousseaus. ~egle~ys brigade arrived to-day, and will at once be sent out. The Minnesota reglinent has also arrived, and will be sent forward. Hazzards regiment of Indiana troops I have ordered to the mouth of Salt Creek; an important point on the turnpike road leading to Elizabethtown. I again repeat that our force here is out of all proportion to the importance of the position. Our defeat would be disastrous to the nation, and to expect of new men who never bore arms to do miracles is not right. I am, with much respect, yours, truly, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TilL CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 22, 1861. Hon. GARRETT DAVIS, Paris, Ky. Yours of October 18* is just received, and I hasten to answer. I regret I did not meet you, as I could have communicated much that I Not found Page 317 CRAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 317 cannot on paper. I went to Camp Dick Robinson to see the camp and troops there, and found the same rumors of the approach of Zollicoffer from the Gap. I gave my orders, and then directed an Ohio regiment at Lexington to re-enforce Nelson. He is the only officer I could com- mand on that expedition, the importance of which I admit. Nelsons reports to me warrant the belief that he will be energetic and pushing, and I hope successful. I am compelled to keep a strong force in front of Green River, and the authorities have given me very few officers, and these I have distributed to the best advantage. The Secretary of War insisted that he had flU filled the request of the Kentuckians in Washing- ton, and rested strongly on the people themselves, who he thought would act with vigor and promptness as soon as the legislature took positive grounds. How far they are fulfilling this supposition you can judge. Nelson has three Ohio regiments, and the men of Marshall and some Home Guards. I also instructed General Mitchel to put a regiment at Paris. I have to work with the materials at hand; Ii cannot create them. The Union men must act more spontaneously and vigorously. I believe the authorities are now alive to the importance of this State, and will strain every nerve to provide the men and materials. The State Military Board has also undertaken to organize and partially equip the volunteers of the State. The President, Secretary of War, and General Anderson gave so many authority to raise regiments that it is impossible to reconcile their claims. Still I hope and trust a respecta- ble force will be organized in Kentucky. I shall at all times be glad to hear from you, and hope you will never cease your efforts to inspire your fellow-citizens with the same spirit that actuates you. I am, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier General, Commanding. MORGAN COUNTY, TENNESSEE, NEAR MONTGOMERY, October 22, 1861. (Received November 4.) Brigadier-General THO1~n~s: SIR: I reached here at 2 p. m. to-day. I am withini 6 miles of a com- pany of rebel cavalry. I find our Union people in this part of the State firm and unwavering in their devotion to our Government and anxious to have an opportunity to assist in saving it. The rebels continue to arrest and imprison our people. You will please furnish the bearers with as much lead, rifle powder, and as many caps as they can bring for Scott and Morgan Counties. You need not fear to trust these people. They will open the war for you by routing these small bodies of marauding cavalry. It is sai(l here that Buckner has 9 000 men at Bowling Green, and that Zollicoffer has 12,000. 1 do not give this as reliable. I find our people have suffered beyond all forbearance. Hasten on to our aid. To-morrow night I hope to be near our railroad. I have not been able as yet to gain any information as to my prospects of success. I am obliged to send this note unsealed. In haste, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. BLOUNT CARTER. Since writing the within I learn there were 300 troops with 140 wagons. Report says they are going to Bowling Green, and that 20,000 more are to follow. You shall hear froni me again soon. W. B. CARTER Page 318 318 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL SPECIAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPT OF TIlE CUMBERLAND, No. 67. Louisville, Ky., October 22, 1861. I. Brigadier-General Negleys brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves will proceed via Louisville and Nashville Railroad as soon as practicable to the camp on Nolin River. General Kegley will report in person upon his arrival in camp to Brigadier-General McCook, commanding, for further orders. * * * * * * * By command of Brigadier-General Sherman: OLiVER D. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant- General. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 23, 18617 p.m. Brig. Gen. A. SCIIOEPF, Commanding U. S. Troops, Rockeastle: SIR: Your dispatch of the 22d has just been received. Provisions for the Seventeenth Ohio, Thirty-third Indiana, and Third Kentucky Regi- inents were forwarded yesterday, and ten days~ supply for all the troops will be forwarded to-morrow, along with a supply of 6-pound canister and shrapnel shot, under the charge of Capt. Alexander Miller, ordnance officer of this brigade. Please have the ammunition equally distributed between the two batteries. Have the obstructions taken out of the road, and everything prepared for an advance party being thrown into Lon- don. I cannot determine yet whether we shall be able to advance until I can find out more about the forwarding of clothing and ammu- nition. Your success and the good conduct of the troops will aftbrd General Sherman as much satisfaction as it has me, and I wish you to receive for yourself and express to them my gratification for their suc- cess. Respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 25, 1861. General GEORGE H. THOMAS, Camp Dick Robinson: SIR: Dont push too far. Your line is already long and weak. I can- not now re-enforce you. Nelson has got into difficulty with the militia., and I have no person to send there. An interruption of the railroad, by an incursion from Prestonburg, would cut you oil from that source of supply. Call to your assistance the regiment from Irvine. The State boami is impressed with the necessity of engaging in the organization of the volunteers, but we are still embarrassed for xvant of clothing an(l arms. Promises are a poor substitute for them, but are all we have. I will again urge on the Department the pressing necessity for more good officers and large re-enforcements of men. Yours, & c., W. T. SHERMAN Brigadier General, Commanding Page 319 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 319 CAMP WILDCAT, October 25, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS: GENERAL: Your aid arrived in time to save us from a certain defeat (what others may say to contrary notwithstanding). It is not necessary for me to say one word about the fight, for you have no doubt been fully posted. Though dont be deceived as to the number killed by us; my impression is that we did not kill to exceed 16 and wounded some 30 or 40. Many say we lost a great victory by not pursuing the enemy. It is true, if we had have known as much then as now we might have done wonders. But we expected an attack the next morning and every one was sleeping on their arms, and we never knew the enemy had left camp until near 8 oclock. We have a great many here who know precisely hoW to manage affairs when the enemy is out of hearing, but would be as much at a loss to do so in a fight as I would be. The teams you ordered turned over to me have for some cause been retained. I have but one team in my regiment. I have detailed Lieu- tenant-Colonel iRidgell to go to your camp for the purpose of getting some teams for my regiment; also to remain until he can procure cloth- ing for the soldiers. I do not attach blame to any one, but my men are actually suffering. Yours, very respectfully, T. T. GAIRlIARD, Golonel Third Kentucky Regiment Volunteers. P. S.When I get my train I would like to get permission to move near London, as I would like to be with my family a short tune, and I do not want to leave the regiment. I could send for my family to come to London. General Schoepf no doubt would let me go if I was to make the request, unless it was against your wish. T. T. GAIIIIAlID. CAMP WILDCAT, October 25, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS, Commanding, & c., Camp Dick Robinson: GENERAL: Yours per express of 24th received. Inclosed is a list of killed and wounded [October 21].* The First Kentucky will, in compliance with your orders, fall back to- day to Crab Orchard. ihe Seventeenth Ohio (Connell) and Fourteenth Ohio (Steedman) will move out in the direction of London to-day a few miles, where they will encamp and await further orders. I would respectfully request that I be furnished with two companies of Kentucky cavalry for special service. I need them much. Let Major Helveti command and Captain Dilhion be one of the detailed. inclosed is a requisition for medicines and hospital stores, which I need very much. it would be prudent for the cavalry detachment asked for to bring with them as much corn as they can find transportation for, that being a scarce article in this neighborhood. Respectfully, yours, A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. See p. 206 Page 320 320 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL NEAR KINGSTON, ROANE COUNTY, TENNESSEE, October 27, 1861. (Received November 4.) General THOMAS: SIR: I am now within a few miles of our railroad, but I have not yet had time to obtain all the information I must have before I decide ou the course best for me to adopt. If I can get half a dozen brave men to take the bull by the horns, we can whip them completely and save the railroad. If I cannot get such leaders, we will make a desperate attempt to destroy all the bridges, and I firmly believe I will be suc- cessful. There are 1,400 rebel troops at Knoxville, some poorly armed, some not armed, and many of them sick. There are 160 at the Loudpn Bridge. I know of HO other troops in East Tennessee except the 300 about whom I wrote to you from Montgomery. They have gone to Wolf River. Zollicoffer has 6,000 men all told; 1,000 of these are sick; 600 or 800 are not armed; 1,600 of the 6,000 are at Cumberland Gap; the balance - beyond the gap. Our enemies here are very uneasy for the safety of Zollicoffer, and have been calling on Davis for help; bat, as I am informed, Davis says he is so pressed on the Potomac that he can spare none of the Virginia troops. I can gain no reliable information from Kentucky by way of Nash- ville. I hear of no troops passing over our railroad. We hear, by way of Kuoxville, that Garrard has driven Zollicoffer back 6 miles. I suppose it is true, as secessionists tell it. This whole country is in a wretched comidition; a perfect despotism reigns here. The Union men of East Tennessee are longing and pray- ino for the hour when they can break their fetters. The loyalty of oar people increases with the oppressions they have to bear. Men and women weep for joy when I merely hint to them that the day of our de- liverance is at hand. I have not seen a secessiou flag since I entered the State. I beg you to hasten on to our help, as we are about to create a great diversion in General McClellan~s favor. It seems to me, if you would ask it, he would s1are you at once 5,000 or 10,000 well-drilled troops. Will you not ask for more help ~ I know you will excuse a civilian for making suggestions to a muilitary man, when you remember that I am risking my life and that I am about to ask my people to do the same. I find more deficiency in arms in this part of East Tennessee than I expected. You must bring sonic small- arms with you. I am satisfied that you will have to take the road by Monticello and Jamestown, unless you come by Cumberland Gap. I can assure you that whoever is the leader of a successful exl)edition into East Tennessee will receive from these people a crown of glory of which any one might well be proud, and I know of no one on whoni I would more cheerfully bestow that crown than on yourself. I regret that I can give you no more information, but I will commu- nicate with you as cmrcunm stances may require. Perhaps it would be well for you to let General McClellan kimow that I have reached East Tennessee, as I know he is very anxious for my success. I write in great haste, but believe you mnay rely OH all I have written. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. BLOUNT CARTER Page 321 CuAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.lJNION. 321 HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 28, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commcnding Department of Gumberland, Louisville, Ky.: GENERAL: I have just returned from the Rockeastle Hills. Our troops have a decided victory, repulsing the enemy upon very nearly equal terms, and feel very much elated and are afixious for an advance. We are informed that Zollicoffer has retired to his old position be- hind the Cumberland, and intends to make a stand there. I am very sorry that we are not in a condition to march upon him at once, as I believe he could now be easily driven out of Kentucky; but the men have no clothing, and we are scarce of forage. The road, too, is very longin fact, too long to transport supplies during the coming winter, unless I had funds in hand to pay the necessary expenses as we pro- ceed. I have advanced the troops from Rockeastle Hills to the point where the road forks to Richmond. That position commands the road leading to this place also. I have established a depot at Crab Orchard, and have made arrangements to have all our supplies hauled direct. from Nicholasville to that place; but as we shall have the greatest difficulty in getting supplies over the road through the Rockcastle Hills, which are exceedingly precipitous and boggy in the winter sea- son, I think it would be best to change the route of supply entirely, establishing a shipping depot at Lexington, and transport goods over the road through Richmond to London. That road is reported as being practicable all winter. If we remain where the troops are now en- camped, it will be necessary to get forage from the neighborhood of Richmond, and the constant travel over that road I fear will make it iml)racticable before spring. To advance into Tennessee, I ought to have four more regiments from some other State than Kentucky to follow after us as a reserve, and money in the hands of the quartermaster and commissary to defray necessary expenses. By taking in a train along with the army two months supply of sugar, coffee, and other small stores, I think we can get on without any very serious difficulties. With the exception of Sharps rifle ammunition, we have an abun. dant supply now. I would be obliged if you would send me 50 boxes as soon as possible, with the requisite supply of percussion caps. If you approve of my advance, let me know as soon as possible. I shall move in a day or two to Crab Orchard. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U~ AS~. Volunteers. CAMP DICK ROBINSON, October 28, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding Department of the Cumberland, Louisville, Ky.: GENERAL: My reason for advancing beyond the Rockcastle Hills was the impossibility of remaining in that inhospitable place any longer. Animals could not be foraged except by sending from 12 to 14 miles. I have therefore sent all the troops who reached the Hills forward to within 3 miles of London, at the point where the Cumberland Gap road forks to go to Richmond and to come to this point. 21 U UVOL I Page 322 322 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. tCnAP. XII For the convenience of supplying provisions to the troops I have established a depot at Crab Orchard, which depot I propose to supl)ly from Nicholasville by hired transportation, at the rate of 50 cents per hundred, and the transporter to pay all tolls. By that means we shall be relieved of the annoyance of the toll bills. The regiments can obtain their rations and other supplies from the depot at Crab Orchard and transport them in their regimental wagons. Should you approve of the other route, I am told that everything we may want can be sent us by hired transportation direct from Lexing- ton through Richmond, and it is said that road is practicable all winter. The Kentucky River, as you know, is crossed on this road by a bridge, which will have to be guarded. On the other road it is crossed by means of a ferry, which it will be necessary to guard also, as all the people living in the immediate vicinity are secessionists. Madison County also is of doubtful loyalty, and it is possible that it may become necessary to send escorts with trains on that road. The company of pioneers of which I spoke to you when here is nearly completed, and it is possible I may be able to repair the road between Crab Orchard and the camp so as to make it practicable all winter. If, however, you think I have advanced too far, I will cheerfully obey any orders you may give to fall back. If the regiment at Irvine is of any more account than the Kentucky regiment I have, I think it is now well posted to prevent communication between the rebels at Prestonburg and Zollicoffers forces. If it is no better than those I have with me, I shall be only so ninch the more em- barrassed by having it with me. If I could get four additional regi- ments of Ohio or Indiana volunteers, I would be perfectly willing to dis- pense with all the Kentucky regiments I have. The Ohio troops here have no brigade commander. I need an officer to take charge of them very much, and would be very much l)leased if I could get your acting inspector-general (Capt. C. C. Gilbert) appointed a brigadier and sent here. The Government could not confer the ap- pointment on a better man. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. II. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Tfolunteers, Commanding. CAMP CONNELL, NEAR LONDON, Laurel County, Kentucky, October 28, 1861. [General GEORGE II. THOMAS:] GENERAL: In compliance with your instructions I have moved my command forward, and now occupy a l)osition about 3 miles north of London, at the junction of the Crab Orchard and Richmond roads. I have in camp the Fourteenth and Seventeenth Ohio and Thirty-third Indiana and two batteries (Standarts and Kennys). I have sent Colonel Garrards Kentucky and the First Tennessee ahead to occupy London or some convenient point adjacent. The Second Tennessee will be up to-night. Plea& e advise me of the location, strength, & c., of the several columns of our forces now in Kentucky. I am feeling my way somewhat in the dark, and would like to be kept posted up with reference to the move- ments of both friends and enemies. I reconnoitered this morning a few miles beyond London to find a better camping ground, but found n Page 323 Cn~r. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 323 position as good as my present. I can here obtain wood, water, forage, and some provisions, which is more than I can do on the other side of London, except by hauling a long distance. It is reported that Buckner has advanced npon Greensbnrg. Is it so ~. A Mr. Burnsides reports himself as beef contractor, bnt has no doen- ments to show the fact. I nnderstood yon to say that he had contractcd. iDid I rightly nnderstand yon ~ Very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. MUCLARIES, PULASKI COUNTY, KENTUCKY, October 29, 1861. Brig. Gen. GEORGE II. THOMAS, Commanding First Kentucky Brigade: GENERAL: I left Camp iloskins this morning at 3 oclock to visit my family, being summoned to attend a little danghter who I fear is dead ere this but I am overtaken by a courier with information, reliable, that the rebels are advancing with an expressed determination to break up our encampment. I mnst retnrn to my command. The rebel force is estimated at 3,200, which I snppose is not exag- gerated, as they also have a train of 140 wagons. I learn that they have also a body of cavalry stationed at Travisville, numbering 1,200, which of conrse will join their main force at Albany, making in the aggregate 4,400. I have no fears from an attack should it come from the direction of the main road leading from Monticello, but apprehend that they may attempt to flank ns by crossing lower down the river. It is likewise reported that they have two batteries of artillery, and if true they may shell ns from onr present position. Can von send us aidsay at least one regiment and a battery ~? Should they effect a crossing of the Cumberland, they might prove tronblesome. I shall not abandon the position we now hold nnless ordered or driven, conceiving, as I do,it to be of the utmost importance that it should be held. I shall improve the time by fortit~ing our position as well as I can and blocking the passes more effectually above and below. In con- clusion, I would state that I have received the news of their advancing from too many reliable sonrces to justify me in doubting it. Please send me what assistance you can and as speedily as possible. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. HOSKINS. P. S.If cavalry can be spared I should like to have at least one company, that which I had having been recalled. This will accredit my nephew, W. F. Iloskins. HEADQUARTERS CAMP DICK RoBINsoN, October 29, 1861. Brig. Gen. A. SCIIOEPF: GENERAL: I have just received a letter from General Sherman. He objects to advancing the troops too far on this route, and directs that we go no farther than your camp for the l)rescnt. * * - * * * * Respectfully, & c., GEG. H. THOMAS, Brigadier.General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Page 324 324 OPERATIONS iN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAP. Xli. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLKND, Louisville, Ky., October 30, iSGI. General CRITTENDEN, lliender8ou, Ky.: DEAR SIR: Yours of October 29 * is received. Colonel Jackson was here and took such arms, & c., with him as we could spare. I am well informed of the army that is in front of me and aware of the danger. I want you if possible to engage the attention of a part, and if pos- sible to threaten Ilusseliville. Depend mostly on the resources of the country. Of course have lances made if you prefer anti have not arms enough for your mounted men; the price is nothing. The account, sent to me, shall be approved and Paid. I am, & c., ~ T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Cornrnandinq. LOUISVILLE, Ky., October 31, iSGi. Hon. THOMAS A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. SIR: I was out at Camp Neviu when Mr. Palmer called about the body guard of General Anderson now designated for me. I merely desire to put it on record that such guards at this time are vain things. The fate of Kentucky, and it may be the Union, will be settled whilst those gentlemeii are dwelling in security at Carlisle. Yours, & c., W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 31, 1861. General GEORGE H. THOMAS, Camp Dick Robinson, Ky.: SIR: Yours of October 28 and 29 are just at hand, as I was over to Camp Kevin. I know that forces are pouring towards Kentucky, and they cannot come in large numbers through the Gal). They will pour towards the fertile regions from Nashville, the southwest, and Somer- set. If you could watch the latter point and fall upon one of the parties that will come up from the direction of Somerset, you are in position to do so. I also apprehend that Buckner will detail a force of not over 3,000 towards Lexington from his main body, between Bowling Green and Munfordville, in hopes that we will cross Green River in detail in l)nrsuit. Wolford~s cavalry, and maybe Burbridges regiment, could do good service in the direction of I3urkesville, where a Tennessee force under Stanton is committing outrages. A Colonel Haggard is now at Columbia with a regiment, and very anxious to drive off the party from the neighborhood. If you can detail them, Colonel Haggard assures me he will guarantee they can be subsisted in that quarter. There are some regiments in Ohio ready, and after consultation with Andrew Johnson I will probably send you one or more, but I do not believe this winter they will give us a chance to invade East Tennessee by the Gap. Winter is nea.r at hand, and the roads will be almost impassable. I am apprehensive of your rear, but am assured the people are gaining in loyalty. * Not found Page 325 CHAr. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 325 If General Lee assumes the command at Cumberland Ford, he will occupy all your time, and I cannot pretend to control your movements. I will instruct my staff 4officer to furnish you with money as liberally as possible. Yours, T. SHEIRMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., October 31, 1861. General WARD, Campbellsville, Ky.: DEAR SIR: I have been up to Camp Kevin, and am now in possession of your letter of the 26th. At a time like this men must work with the means at hand. I cannot send you the arms and materials you demand. The people of the country are the government, and you must not wait for somebody to come to your help. A hundred wagons and teams could not be sent you now, nor the arms you ask, with all the ammuni- tion. If you will call on the people with such arms as you now have, and incur any amount of debt in provkling for them, Ii will cause it to be paid. I trust to you to prevent the passage of any force between Muldraughs Hill and Green River in that direction. I sent Boyle down to you, but I was away when he got back. Yours, & c., ~. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. CAMP CALVERT, London, Ky., October 31, 1861. rGeneral TiiouAs:] GENERAL: Yours of 30th, informing me of the threatened position of Somerset, is received. I am about 3 miles south of Pitmans; changed to this point for the purpose of securing a better camp. Will await further or(lers. ~ much in need of shoes. I very much need a regiment of cavalry. Zollicoffer is reported to be 40 miles ahead, toward Cumberland Gap. I have scouts out in the vicinity of his camp who will promptly report his movements. I have scouts in the direction of Somerset also shall probably hear from that quarter to-day. 1 have this moment learned that there [are] at Barboursville 100 cav- alry of the enemy. If I had two companies of cavalry I could secure them. This band of Zollicoffers are said to be a hard setplunder~ng, violating women, and such other rascalities. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. CAMP 1)ICK RoBINsON, October 31, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Gommanding Department of the ~Jumberland, Louisville, Ky.: GENERAL: I shall start for the Crab Orchard Springs to-day. I have directed the quartermaster to make arrangements to have all the store Page 326 326 OPERATIONS iN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XIL for the troops hauled from Nicholasville to Crab Orchard by contract, and will endeavor to have a Government train organized to transport the surplus supplies from the latter place to,the camp in advauce, and gradually work out of the confusion into which the transportation has Thllen in consequence of the inexperience of those gentlemen who have been performing the duties of quartermaster. I cannot learn anything positive of the movements of the enemy, either in direction of Barboursville or Somerset. I have sent Colonels Bramlette and Wolford to Somerset to the assistance of Colonel los- kins, simply because he (Hoskins) urges me to send him re-enforce- ments but I must think that the information he has of the advance of the enemy on his camp is not very reliable. I wish very much that I could get four Ohio or Indiana regiments, so as to enable me to place the Kentuckians in permanent camps. I do not think they will ever be in the least reliable. All but one regiment (Colonel Frys) are in bad drill, and in worse discipline. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. H. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF TIlE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., November 1, 1861. General GEORGE II. THOMAS, Crab Orchard, Ky.: DEAR SIR: Yours of yesterday is received. I am fully conscious of the difficulties you describe as to the Kentucky regiments. The telegraph is now completed to Nicholasville. Please have some trusty persons there to telegraph me news from yourself and Somerset. There are several regiments at Cincinnati, but I deem it wise to hold them in reserve till the development of the game, whether they go to Nelson, yourself, or McCook. From all I can learn, no large force can come in by the Gap this sea- son, but the case is different towajds Somerset and Nashville. I trust you have got clothing for your men, and that you have well secured the budge over the Kentucky. Yours, W. T. SHEBMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS CAMP CALVERT, London, November 1, 1861. Capt. GEORGE E. FLYNT, Assistant Adjutant- General, First Kentucky Brigade: SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your commnuni- cation of the 31st ultimo, directing that no troops be thrown forward farther than Pitmans, near this place. My present position (London) was occupied in obedience to what I understood to be the verbal order of General Thomas, and was indeed necessary to the securing of supplies and a good camping ground. I shall advance no farther without orders to that ef%ct. I have started a corn mill in the vicinity, with which and the present means of transportation, I can, I think, keep my command supplied Page 327 CHAP. XII.] 327 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. I have established relays of expresses at Dr. Joplins, at Hackneys, and at Kempers, points along the road between Crab. Orchard and London. This will secure a more prompt communication. A train starts to-day for Crab Orchard for provisions. Very respectfalLy, your obedient servant, A. SCHOEPF, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAT~D, Louisville, Ky., November 2, 1861. General W. T. WARD, Campbellsville: DEAR Sin: Your letter of 31st is received. When prisoners are re- ceived have the papers all handed to Judge Bullitt, a good Union man, and a member of the court of appeals, to whose decision I leave the case. We cannot imprison and keep in custody all suspected persons, an(l the only safe course is to follow the law of the State of Kentucky, which makes arrests only proper when overt acts of treason are estab- lished. The cases you mention are certainly such as the safety of the community would justify in having imprisoned, and I will caution Judge Bullitt on the point. By my request Judge Catron has appointed a number of commission- ers to reside along the line, one of whom was designed for Campbells- ville. His examination and commitment will be final, and will obviate our hitherto trouble of judging cases from mere letters and the expla- nations of the accused. So many improper arrests were made by self- constituted authorities that there was a physical impossibility of keep- ing them. To inflict any cruelty on them would not be tolerated by the laws of war or peace, and the consequence is many dangerous men are set free. Judge Catron says the commissioners can put them under bond, and the bond will be good against their property or the property of their sureties. As you can well understand, we would soon fill all the places of con- finement in Louisville were we to arrest and imprison all who may be dangerous. Leaders and conspicuous men never should alone, be ar- rested, unless in strong cases, and then an examination should be had before a commissioner of the United States. I expect you up this week. Yours, truly, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. CAMP WOLFORD, ONE AND A HALF MILES FROM CAMP GOGGIN, Novembe~ 2, 1861. (Received November 6.) General GEORGE H. THOMAS: I reached here with my command last evening. The enemy on 31st ultimo threw forward to Monticello 400 to 600 of his cavalry. I learn to-day that he withdrew them the same night to some point not ascertained below Monticello, toward the Tennessee border. His infantry is yet in Clinton County, and II think will not now advance. I have dispatched a messenger to Columbia, where I learn Colonel Haggard [and] Golonel Grider are with their regiments; and one of m Page 328 328 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XII. wagoners, who had just come into camp from Adair, reports two Ohio or Indiana regiments are in camp. By to-morrow night I shall get reply. 1 have written to them to know what effective force they have at Co- lumbia; whether they can move in concert with me, and whether they have snfficient force to throw in the rear to cut off his retreat, and, if so, can they still furnish, and how much, force to join with me in front. If they will throw forward to Burkesville sufficient force to hold the passes and cut off communication with Buckners line, the rebel and rabble crew can be effectually crushed. I have ordered 400 of Colonel Wolfords cavalry go forward one hour before day to reconnoiter, to advance as far as they can prudently go, gather all they can of the strength, character of forces, l)ositions, and movements of the enemy and return and report, by which time I shall hear from Columbia. From all I can gather I take it that this is the same body of nnorganized, badly-armed rebels who have been heretofore gathered near Monroe, in Overton County, Tennessee. Their strength has doubtless been greatly exaggerated. There were for some two months near Monroe 2,000 to 2,500; they left there to join Buckner, and returned through Monroe County, Kentucky, Cuinberland County, and to Clinton, where they were at last accounts, with the purpose of breaking up the unarmed camps at Burkesville and then at this place. Their failure to advance, I suppose, grows out of the fact that they ascertained that the camp at Goggiu was armed. Colonels Wolford and iloskins requested me in your absence to take command. I have sent back for the provisions we were unable to bring up. There is no possible chance for the enemy to a(lvance upon our front without being cut to pieces. He may attempt a flank movement, but I will guard that in time to meet him at equally as formidable a pass. Respectfully, Tb. E. BiRAMLETTE. CAMP HOSKINS, PULASKI COUNTY, KENT~TCKY, November 2, 1861. Brig. 0-en. GEOnGE II. THOMAS, Commanding First Kentucky Brigade: GENEI~AL: I have just received three dispatches from Wayne (all concurring), stating that Zollicoffer, with his full force, estimated by some as high as 20,000, arrived at Monticello on last night, and to-day are on their march in this direction. On yesterday some five Tennesseeans arrived at our camp from near llartsville, Teun., and they reported that ~ forces were march- ilig acro~s from Cumberland Gap to Jamestown Te heard so many false rumors, 1 was indisposed to nn.; but having trouble you until I had news which was reliable. I shall contest this point until resistance is useless. I have just ordered the destruction of all the ferry-boats at this point, and shall so (listribute my picket guards along the river above and below this point as to guard against a flank movement. I repeat it, the news of the approach of Zollicoffer is reliable, and aid cannot reach us too soon. Zollicoffer has artillery, as it has been heard even to this point. - Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. HOSKINS, Colonel Comdg. Fourth Regiment Kentiteky Volunteers Page 329 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 329 CAMP CALVERTq London, Ky., November 2, iSOl. Capt. GEORGE E. FLYNT, Assistant Adjutant- General: SIR: Your communication of the 1st instant was duly received. The regimental reports called for will be forwarded as soou as they can be made out with any degree of accuracy. A want of blanks much retards this business. The county of Laurel will not supply forage for more than 10 to 20 days, and even now the utmost dissatisfaction prevails among the iu- habitants. Zollicoffer had already plundered the county to a large extent, and we are at this time virtually plundering the people of what little they have left. Our promises to pay are looked npon by the people as a mere sham, amounting to nothing. We are taking at the l)oint of the bayonet what the citizens really need for the support of their finnilies, with~at returning to theni anything available therefor; thus turning against us a public sentiment which we should endeavor to cheri3h. It is evident that our means of transportation will hereafter prove inadequate to the required duty. Many of the mules are shoeless (a requisition for which was made some ten days since). Many of our meu need shoes, blankets, and great-coats, and are unable properly to per- form duty without them. Empty trains will be kept ou the road to Crab Orchard as fast as discharged at this point. The report of Captain Adams, brigade com- missary of subsistence, is herewith inclosed; also that of Captaiu Standart.* The expresses stationed on the route to Crab Orchard are to receive the pay and allowances of privates of cavalry. Sickness in camp is increasing. I had to hire a hospital to-day for 100 men. I inclose a note or memorandum just received, said to be from a citizeu of G-reensbarg, having reference to rebel forces. Respectfully, yours, A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. HEADQUARTERS FIRST KENTUCKY BRIGADE, Crab Orchard, November 3, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding Department of Cumberland, Louisville,I~y.: GENERAL: Brigadier-General Schoepf has just written me that the snpply of forage in Laurel County will be exhausted in twenty days, and that the inhabitants are very much dissatisfied that they do not receive the money down for what has been purchased from them. It is reported that an abundance of corn can be bought in Madison, and that the road from Richmond to London is practicable all winter. I will send an officer in a few days to make an examination of the road and report its exact condition. I would be glad to know whether we are to make preparations for a winter campaign or go into winter quarters. For a winter campaign we shall need more wagons, and ought to have a supply of Sibley tents; but the latter can be dispensed with to a great *Reports of Captains Adams anJ Staudart not found Page 330 330 OPERATIONS iN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. X1L extent if we can get wagons. I send you Capt. A. J. Mackay, brigade quartermaster, who can explain to you fully the embarrassments we labor under in this poor country, and I woi~ild be obliged if he can be furnished with funds to pay all small bills against the department, as being able to do so will give confidence to the people, and enable us to get forage, & c., much more easily than by the present method of giving certified accounts of purchases. This is a poor region of country. if we are compelled to winter here, nearly if not all 6f our supplies will have to be brought from a distance. General Schoepf has found it necessary to appoint his assistant adju- tant-general, Capt. T. S. Everett, chief of the quartermaster and com- missary departments for the troops at London, as he could find no one else who has any knowledge of the duties of those departments. I have also to ask that you will direct Colonel Swords and Captain Syrnonds to furnish Captain Everett with sufficient funds to pay all small bills against these departments contracted by him or any of his subordi- nates. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant. GEG. II. THOMAS, Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers. CAMP CALVERT, London, Ky., November 3, 1861. (Received November 5.) Brigadier-General TuoivrAS, Commanding, & c., Crab Orchard: GENERAL: Yours of the 2d is received. Captain Adams has arrived and Captain Everett has turned over to him the duties of the subsist- ence department. Captain Everett thinks that with a good degree of patience and perseverance on his part he can get Captain Adams into a reasonable knowledge of the business of the department, lie (Adams) being attentive and willing to be instructed. Captain Everett will con- tinue at the head of the quartermaster department until relieved by au officer of that department. The timely arrival of the fourteen wagons, on the 31st, sent with sup- plies from Crab Orchard, relieves us from any immediate fears of getting out of provisions. I now have two trains on the road, and am grinding from 50 to 80 bushels of corn per day. If I can get my mules shod I shall get along, but at present they are in bad condition, some of them having to remain in camp wholly unfit for the road. If the quartermaster at Crab Orchard has a shop in oper- ation, please let him render ns as much assistance in this line as pos- sible. Also try to send us shoes and nails, a requisition for which has been made. No news of importance from the enemy. I inclose a few more of the reports called for by your chief of staff on the 1st instant. I have so far found it impossibl~ to get the commanders of regiments to furnish proper monthly returns for October. My adjutant-general has been un- tiring in his efforts for the last three days to get something upon which he could frame a report for the Adjutant-Generals Office, but so far without effect. The want of suitable blanks for regimental returns is one great obstacle in the way. If proper reti~mrns cannot be obtained in the next twenty-four hours, Ca Everett must take the matter in hand and make out the returns for each regiment. Have yen ~ny blanks for post or brigade returns ~ If so, please send me a few sheets Page 331 CHAP. XII.] 331 CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. .UNJON. In considering the fuiture movements of my command, we must not lose sight of the fact that the IRockcastle IRiver is liable at any time now to present an impassable barrier between us and cut off my means of procuring subsistence, first by freshets, and next by ice. We cannot subsist from the adjacent country. I experience much annoyance from the citizens of the county, each pressing his views, prompted in most cases by his indivtdual interest. It is evident that public sentiment in this locality is divided, and that we have many enemies amongst and around us who are friends for the moment from self-interest, but who would not fail to turn their hands against us should an opportunity offer, while I am afraid that the num- ber of this latter class will be augmented by our non-payment policy as at present pursued. The rainy weather has rendered our camp most uncomfortable. Our men are nevertheless in good spirits. I am somewhat at a loss as regards the position of General Carter, who claims a kind of command of the Tennessee brigade. Although no inconvenience has so far arisen from this claim, it is certainly liable to produce clashing at any moment. Please advise me in the matter. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, A. SCIIOEPF, Brigadier- General. P. S.J have just received reliable information that the enemy has withdrawn to a point beyond Cumberland Ford, two of his regiments having been disbanded and returned home in consequence of expira- tion of service. LOUIsVILLE, November 4, 1861. Hon. SIMON CAMERoN, Secretary of lYar, Washington: DEAR Sin: You must know that we in Kentucky are anxious about the condition of the State. The Confederates have possession of the seven counties west of the Tennessee Riverq with the exception of the town of Paducah. They have also possession of Bowling Green and the south bank of ~?Treen River for 50 miles, and are threatening Louis- ville. They have twice invaded the State immediately south of the counties of Clinton and Cumberland, and have a threatening army un- mediately within the boundary. They have also Zolhicoffer at Barbours- ville and passes in the mountain gaps and river upon us. At Preston- burg they have an assembled army of rebels from 3,000 to 6,000 strong, and a sprinkling of disunion men in most of the counties of the State. We suppose that General McClellan has more than 200,000 men in Virginia and about Washington, and that Fr6mont has more than 70,0Q0 men in Missouri, whilst General Sherman, in command of the central army in Kentucky, is not able to concentrate much more than 15,000 men, and all these are raw, undisciplined troops. We want more trained men, and we want disciplined men for this important army. We know that the Indiana and Ohio troops wish to serve in Kentucky, and we suppose General Reynolds troops are the next best thing to regulars. We should hope, if they are not wanted in Virginia, that you will be able to send them to General Sherman forthwith. Ken- tucky, in thirty days, will have in the field her full quota of the 500,00 Page 332 332 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAP. XH. soldiers, an~ they will fight, but they will be undisciplined men. Give us (30,000 men on General Shermans center, and we will awake the Union mcii in Tennessee. We hope you will act promptly on this subject and strengthen onr hands. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES GUTHIRIE. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., November 4, 1861. General L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C.: SIR: In compliance with telegraphic orders of General McClellan, received late last night, I submit this report of the forces in Kentucky and of their condition. The tabular statement shows the position of the several regiments. The camp at Nolin is at the present extremity of the Nashville Rail- road. This force was thrown forward to meet the advance of Buckners army, which then fell back of Green River, 23 mile s beyond. These regiments were substantially without means of transportation other than the railroad, which is guarded at all dangerous points, yet is liable to interruption at any moment by the tearing up of a rail by the dis- affected inhabitants or a hired enemy. These regiments are composed of good material, but deyoid of company officers of experience, but have been put under thorough drill since being in camp. They are generally well clad and provided for. Beyond Green River the enemy has masked his forces, and it is very difficult to ascertain even the approximate numbers. No pains have been spared to ascertain them, but without success, but it is well known that they far outnumber us. Depending, however, on the railroads to their rear for transportation, they have not thus far advanced this side of Green River, save in marauding parties. This is the proper line of advance, but will require a very large forcecertainly 50,000 menas their railroad facilities south enable them to concentrate at Munford- ville the entire strength of the South. General McCooks command is divided into four brigades, under Generals Wood, 11. W. Johnson, Rousseau, and Negley. General Thomas line of operations is from Lexington towards Cum- berland Gap and Ford, occupied by a force of Tennesseeans under the command of Zollicoffer. He occupies the position at London in front of two roads which lead to the fertile part of Kentucky, the one by Richmond and the other by Crab Orchard, with his reserve at Camp Dick Robinson, 8 miles south of the Kentucky River. His provisions and stores go by railroad from Cincinnati to Nicholasville, and thence in wagons to his several regiments. He is forced to hire transpor- tation. Brigadier-General Nelson is operating on the line from Olympian Springs, east of Paris, on the Covington and Lexington Railroad, to- wards Prestomiburg, in the valley of the l3ig Sandy, where is assembled a force of from 2,500 to 3,500 Kentuckians, waiting re-enforceinents from Virginia. My last report from him was to October 28, at which time he had Colonel Harris Second Ohio, 900 strong; Colonel Nortons Twenty-first Ohio, 1,000; and Colonel Sills Thirty-third Ohio, 750 strong, with two irregular Kentucky regiments, Colonels Marshall an Page 333 ChAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 333 Metcalf. These troops were on the road near Hazel Green and West Liberty, advancing towards Prestonburg. Upon an inspection of the map you will observe these are all diver- gent lines, but rendered necessary from the fact that our enemies in the State chose them as places of refuge from pursuit and there cluster to receive the assistance of neighboring States. Our lines are all too weak, probably, with the exception of that to Prestonbnrg. To strengthen them I am thrown on the raw levies of Ohio and Indiana, who arrive in detachments perfectly fresh from the country and loaded down with baggage; also npon the Kentuckians, who are slowly form- ing regiments ~ll over the State at points remo~u from danger, and whom it will be an almost impossible task to assemble together. The organization of this latter force is by the laws of Kentucky under the control of a military board at the capital (Frankfort) and they think they will be enabled to have 115 regiments towards the middle of this month, but I doubt it, and deem it unsafe to rely on them. There are four regiments forming in the neighborhood of Owens- borough, near the month of Green River, who are doing good service; also in the neighborhood of Campbellsville, but it is unsafe to rely on troops so suddenly armed and equipped. They are not yet clothed or uniformed. I know well you will think our force too widely distrib- uted, but we are forced to it by the attitude of our enemies, whose force and numbers the country never has and probably never will coni- prehend. I am told that my estimate of troops needed for this line, viz, 20(), 000, has been construed to my prejudice, and therefore leave it for the future. This is the great center, on which our enemies can con- centrate whatever force is not employed elsewhere. Detailed statements of present force inclosed with this. With great respect, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. [Inclosure.] CAMP AT NOLIN, KY. Brigadier-General 2iJicCoolc, commanding. THIRD BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Rousseau, co nimanding. Brigadier- Gencral Johnson, commanding. Sixth Indiana, Colonel Crittenden. Fifth Kentucky, Colonel Buckley. Sixth Kentucky, Colonel Whittaker. Second Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Board. Fifteenth U. S. Juf. (2 cos.), Captain Gil- man. Nineteenth U. S. Juf. (2 cos.), Captain Gil- man. Stones Battery. SECOND BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Wood, commanding. Twenty-ninth Indiana, Colonel Miller. Thirtieth Indiana, Colonel Bass. Thirty-eighth Indiana, Colonel Scribner. Thirty-ninth Indiana, Colonel Harrison. Thirty-fourth Illinois, Colonel Kirk. Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Willich. Fifteenth Ohio, Colonel Dickey. Forty-ninth Ohio, Colonel Gibson. FOURTH BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Negley, commanding. Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, Colonel Stumbangh. Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania, Colonel Sir- well. Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania, Col. Ham- bright. Muellers Battery. Cotters Battery. FIRST BRIGADE Page 334 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [CHAr. XII. CAMP DICK ROBINSON, KY. Brig. Gem. George H. Thomas, commanding. First Kentucky, Colonel Bramlette. Fourth Kentucky, Colonel Fry. First Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Wolford. Fourteenth Ohio, Colonel Steedman. BARDSTOWN, KY. Tenth Indiana, Colonel Manson. CRAB ORCHARD, KY. Thirty-third Indiana, Colonel Coburn. JEFFERSONT7ILLE, IND. Thirty-fourth Indiana, Colonel Steele. First h Indiana, Colonel Grose. Wisconsin, Colonel Starkweather. MOUTH OF SALT RIVER, KY. Thirty-seventh Indiana, Colonel Hazzard. Ninth Michigan, Colonel Duffield. LEBANON JUNCTION KY. Second Minnesota, Colonel Van Cleve. OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, KY. Second Ohio, Colonel Harris. Thirty-first Ohio, Colonel Walker. First Ohio Light Artillery, ColonelBarnett First Tennessee, Colonel Byrd. Second Tennessee, Colonel Carter. CYNTHIANA, KY. Thirty-fifth Ohio, Colonel Van Derveer. NICHOLAS J~ILLE, KY. Twenty-first Ohio, Colonel Norton. Thirty-eighth Ohio, Colonel Bradley. BIG HILL, KY. Seventeenth Ohio, Colonel Council. COLESBURG, KY. Twenty-fourth Illinois, Colonel Hecker. ELIZABETHTOWN. KY. Nineteenth Illinois, Colonel Turchin. OWENSBORO UGH, OR HENDERSOY KY. Thirty-first Indiana, Colonel Craft. REGIMENTS FORMING. Colonel Garrards, at Rockeastle. Colonel I-laggards, at Burkesyille. Colonel Boyles, at Harrodsburg. Colonel Hoskins, at Somerset. Colonel Barnes, at Irvine. NormThe designations of some of these regiments, as given in the original, have been changed to conform to those officially recognized hy the Government. CAMP HOSKINS, PULASKI COUNTY, Ky., November 4, 1831. (Received November 6.) Brig. Gen. GEORGE II. ThOMAs, Commanding, Crab Orchard: GENERAL: On yesterday Colonel Wolford left to make a reconnais- sance of the rebel force below this, and with the general understanding that, should he find the enemy too strong, he was either to return or send back for re-enforcements, when Colonel Bramlette and myself are to move forward with all our available force, which we think will reach 1,200. We learned this evening that there was a rebel force of cavalry of 350 at Travisviile, and, if true, I have no doubt that Colonel Wolford has proceeded to that point with a view of giving them battle. On Friday night the same party were at Monticello, distant 20 miles from this place; that infantry force,numbering 3,200, lnade but a short stay at Albany on their return to their encampment at Old Monroe 33 Page 335 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNJON. 335 from Burkesville, though it is said they ravaged the country in their pas- sage, driving off horses, cattle, and hogs. They also found a brother of Captain Frogg sick in bed, whom they murdered. My boys are quite eager to meet the rebels in combat, and should any more troops move in that direction I could not, if 1 were disposed, pre- vent their joining in the march. I have improved our position at this place by the erection of some rude breastworks along the face of the hill and parallel with the roads. I have also blockaded a number of roads to prevent a flank movement of the enemy. They, I learn, had determined to force a passage by this route with a view of forming a junction with Zollicoffer at Crab Orchard, not doubting but that he would reach that point. Their whole force at Travisville and Old Monroe from the best information will reach near 4,000, though all assert that they are but insufficiently and poorly armed. I have not learned that they certainly have any artillery. Recruits are coming in rapidly the past few days, and I hope to have the minimum number by the 10th instant and a full regiment in a few weeks. I hope soon to see matters sufficiently quieted in this section to allow me time to return and dispose of my old quartermasters business. Most respectfully, your friend and obedient servant, W. A. HOSKiNS. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Louisville, Ky., November 5, 1861. (Received Nov. 7.) Brigadier-General THOMAS, Grab Orchard: Sin: Yours of November 3 is received. I had previously ordered money to be sent you for disbursement in all the (lepartments, but you know the forms through which all such things must pass. I coincide with you that money should be disbursed liberally wherever our armies move, but my power is limited by law, and I am unable to overcome the obstacles. The commissary (Captain Symonds) assures me that he pays promptly all certified accouiits, and that he has sent to Captain Kniffin $4,000 for small bills, and inasmuch as rations are hauled to you he insists that but little money is needed. I take it that, though your letter is indefinite on this point, the quartermaster is the one that needs money; Colonel Swords will send by Capt. A. J. Mackay the sum of $20,090, and if in my power will continue to cause to be transmitted you more. In the present aspect of affairs it is impossible to say how or where we shall winter. This will depend on our enemies. They will not allow us to choose. I have done all in my power to provide men and materials adequate to the importance of this crisis, but all things come disjointed regiments without overcoats, or wagons, or horses, or those essentials to movements. MeCook has a good body of men, but the force of the enemy far exceeds him, and the railroad on which he depends is in such a country that it requires large guards. All of these in case of attack would be terribly exposed. I can hardly sleep to think what would be your fate in case the Kentucky River Bridge is destroyed or the rail- road to your rear, and I demanded again and again a force adequate to all these necessitiesa very large force, beyond the ability of the State to furnish. ~elson and you ought snuply to guard those avenues of approach to the interior; but from this point we should have made a bold forward movement, but I have never had a force anything approxi- mating the magnitude of the occasion Page 336 336 OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE. [ChAP. XII. I wish I could make your commuuications perfectly safe, and the cost would be nothing. There should be at least ten good regiments to your rear, capable of sustaining the head of your column at London, but I am unable to provide; and hereabouts the army should be such as to prevent all idea of attack; but Buckuer and Hardee have across Grecif River a very large force and may advance at their pleasure. In this state of the case I can only repeat my for~ner orders, for you to hold in check the force of Zollicoft~r and await events. The road by Richmond depending on the ferry appears to me less safe to you than the one crossing Kentucky River by the bridge. I have nothing from Nelson for some days. Truly, yours, W. T. SHERMAN Brigadier- General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Loui8ville, Ky., November 5, 1861. General J. T. BOYLE, Lebanon Sin: Your two letters are received.* My information is that Buck. ner has drawn back his forces from Munfordville and Glasgow and is farther down the river. His designs are either on some point of the river below or to get up between MeCook and the mouth of Salt River. I dont think your command will be threatened for some time; there- fore push your orgaiiization, and dont allow any of the regiments to engage in marauding expeditions; it would be better for them to be united in one body, but I suppose enlistments would be delayed by con- centration. General Ward is here and exhibits an appointment as brigadier-gen- eral, and calls my attention to the fact that in his absence Colonel Hob. son is entitled to command. The great importance of forming your Kentucky regiments will force - me to allow General Ward to resume his command, and I beg you will l)ush the formation of your regiments. The force under Harlan, Ward, and Grider should be sufficient to prevent any movement from Green River towards Thomas, and that is all I design during the process of for- mation; and as soon as the organization is made under the authority of the State board, then I must consolidate you on some efficient force. The scattered condition of the Kentucky volunteers makes them a source of weakness instead of strength. We depend on them, that is, the Gen- eral Government does, and yet they are not in a shape to act efficiently, not even to defend themselves. The giving ~f commissions by the President and by General Anderson has embarrassed inc munch, but I suppose it was inevitable. I am forced therefore to allow General Ward to resume his office to construct, if poasible, his brigade, and await the eonsolidation of the board before I can presume to count on them for military service. The sketches you have made of the passes on Muldraughs lull corre- spond with several I have received, and were we purely on the defensive they might be occupied, but to place regiments of Northern troops there would tie them down, and prevent their use for other service. This is one of the purposes of your Kentucky regiments when they come to be ready. Not found Page 337 CHAP. XII.] CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.UNION. 337 I must therefore request that you push your efforts to raise and organ- ize as many men as you can in the neighborhood of Columbia for the service and to abide events. Truly, yours, W. T. SHERMAN, Brigadier- General, Commanding. CAMP KEVIN, Kr., November 5, 1861. General W. T. SHERMAN, Commanding Department of Cumberland: GENERAL: The subject of contraband negroes is one that is looked to by the citizens of Kentucky of vital importance. Ten have come into my camp within as many hours, and from what they say there will be a