TITLE: Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. / Series II - Volume 3: Proclamations, Appointments, etc. of President Davis; State Department Correspondence with Diplomatic Agents,etc. AUTHOR: United States. Naval War Records Office PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1922 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B El Ulunuit IUA~rLUIII ?iibrarg FRO Title Page Page 1 OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE NAVIES IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. EDWIN DENBY, Secretary of the Navy BY Colonel HARRY KIDDER WHITE, U. S. M. C., Superintendent, Office Naval Records and Library. SERIES IlVOLUME 3. Proclamations, Appointments, etc., of President Davis. State Department Correspondence with Diplomatic Agents, etc. WASHINGTON: 1922 Page 2 Page 2A Page 2B JUDAH P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State, Confederate States, 18621 865 Special Index Page 3 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. 8ImlEs I. VOLUME 1. Operations of the cruisers from January 19, 1861, to December 31, 1862. VOLUME 2. Operations of the cruisers from January 1, 1863, to March 31, 1864. VOLUME 3. Operations of the cruisers from April 1, 1864, to December 30, 1865. VOLUME 4. Operations in the Gulf of Mexico from November 15, 1860, to June 7, 1861. Operations on the Atlantic coast from January 1 to May 13, 1861. Opera- tiolis on the Potomac an(l Itappahannock Rivers from January 5 to 1)ecem ber 7, 1861. VOLUME 5. OI)erations on the Potomac an(l Rappabannock Rivers from December 7, 1861, to July 31. 1865. Operations of the Atlantic Blockading Sqtmadron from April 4 to July 15, 1861. VOLUME 6. Operations of the Atlantic Blockading Squadron from July 16 to October 29, 1861. Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 29, 1861. to March 8, 1862. VOLUME 7. Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron from March 8 to Sep tember 4, 1862. VOLUME 8. Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron from September 5, 1862, to May 4, 1863. VOLUME 9. Operations of tile North Atlantic Blockading Squadron from May 5, 1863, to May 5, 1864. VOLUME 10. Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron from May 6 to October 27, 1864. Page 4 4 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME 11. Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 28, 1864, to February 1, 1865. VOLUME 12. Operations of the North Atlantic Blockading Squa(lron from February 2 to August 3, 1865. Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 29, 1861, to May 13, 1862. XTOLUME 13. Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from May 14, 1862, to April 7, 1863. VOLUME 14. Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from April 7 to Septem her 30, 1863. VOLUME 15. Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 1, 1863, to September 30, 1864. VOLUME 16. Operations of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from October 1, 1864, to August 8, 1865. Operations of the Gulf Blockading Squadron from June 7 to December 13, 1861. VOLUME 17. Operations of the Gulf Blockading Squadron from December 16, 1861, to Feb- ruary 21, 1862. Operations of the East Gulf Blockading Squadron from February 22, 1862, to July 17, 1865. VOLUME 18. Operations of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron from February 21 to July 14, 1862. VOLUME 19. Operations of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron from July 15, 1862; to March 14, 1863. VOLUME 20. Operations of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron from March 15 to December 31, 1863. \TOLU~IE 21. Operations of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron from January 1 to December 31, 1864 Page 5 CONTENTS OF PRECEDiNG VOLUMES. 5 VOLUME 22. Operations of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron from January 1, 1865, to January 31, 1866. Operations of the Naval Forces on Western Waters from May 8, 1861, to April 11, 1862. VOLUME 23. Operations of the Naval Forces. on XVestern Waters from April 12 to December 31, 1862. VOLUME 24. Operations of the Naval Forces on Western Waters from January 1 to May 17, 1863. VOLThME 25. Operations of the Naval Forces on Western Waters from ~May 18 to February 29, 1864. VOLUME 26. Operations of the Naval Forces on Western Waters from March 1 to December 31, 1864. VOLUME 27. Naval Forces on Western Waters, January 1 to September 6, 1865. Operations of supply vessels, 1861 to 1865. SERIES II. VOLUME 1. Part 1. Statistical data of Union and Confederate ships. Part 2. Muster rolls of Confederate Government vessels. Part 3. Letters of marque and re- prisal. Part 4. Confederate departmental investigations, etc. VOLUME 2. Navy departmental correspondence, 18611865 Page 6 6 CALENDAR. 1861. JANUARY. JULY. Sun.! M. T. ~ ~ F. Sat. Sun. M. T ~ T. - F. ~Sat. 1 2 3 4 5 -. 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 ii 12. 7 8 9 10 11 1213 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2021 22232412526 21 222324252627 27 28 29 30 311.. 28 29 30 31 FEBRUARY. AUGUST. 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1011 1213141516 11121314151617 1718192021 2223:18192021 222324 24 25 26 27 28 .. .. 25 26 2728 29 30 31 MARCH. SEPTEMBER. 345 6; 819 8! 9 10 11 14 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 1 16 17 18 12 13 21 I 19 201 1718192021 22123 222324 2526 27128 24 25 2627~2& 29j30 29130 31 ..j..j ..j.. . APRIL OCTOBER. 1 2 3 4~56 ~.. 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1415 1617 18 1920 131415 1617 1819 21 22232425 2627 20 21 2223242526 2829 30 27 28 29 30 31 MAY NOVEMBER. 1 2 3 4 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 I JUNE. DECEMBER. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2~ 3 j 4 5 6! 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16171181920121 22 22232425262728 23 24125 26 27128 29 29 30 31 30 .. .. . Page 7 CALENDAR. 7 1 862. JANUARY. JULY. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. 1 2 3 4 .. .. 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 .. 27 28 29 30 31 FEBRUARY. AUGUST. 1 I 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 232425 26 -27 28 .. 24~25 26 27 28 29 30 I.. ~. 311.. MARCH. SEPTEMBER. .. 1 .. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 16117 18192021 22 21 222324252627 23~ 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 30 31 APRIL. OCTOBER. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2021 22123 242526 192021 22232425 27 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30131 -- MAY. I NOVEMBER. 12j3 415 6 7 8 910 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18119 2021 222324 161718192021 22 25i26 2728293031 23242526272829 30 JUNF. DECEMBER. 1T23 4 5 6 7 .. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 28 29 30 3 Page 8 8 CALENDAR. 1863. JANUARY. JULY. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25262728293031 2621,28293031 FEBRUARY. AUGUST. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MARCH. SEPTEMBER. 1 2 34567 .. .. 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17. 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 29 30 31 .. ..l.. .. 27 28 29 30 APRIL. OCTOBER. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 .. 25 26 27 28 29. 30 31 MAY. NOVEMBER. 112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1011 12131415116 15161718192021 1718192021 22123 22232425262728 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 .. ..j..~.. .. 1.. JUNE. DECEMBER. 1 2 3 4 5 6 .. .. 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 282930.... .. .. 27 28 29 30 31 .. Page 9 CALENDAR. 1864. JANUARY. JULY. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 FEBRUARY AUGUST. 1 2 3 4 5 6 .. 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 1,3 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 MARCH. SEPTEMBER. 1 2 3 ~1~ 123 6 7 8 91011 12 4 5 6 7 8 910 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2021 2223242526 18 1920 21 222324 2728293031 .. - .. 252627282930.. OCTOBER. i~777.7.7..j.... 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MAY. NOVEMBER. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 .. .. jl 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 151617181920121 131411516171819 22232425262728 202112223242526 29 30 31 .. .. .. 27 28129 30 JUNE. DECEMBER. 1 2 3 4 123 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 .. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Page 10 10 PREFACE. 1 865 JANUARY JULY. Sun. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. Sun.. M. T. W. T. F. Sat. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 - - 30~31 FEBRUARY AUGUST. 1 2 3 4.. .. 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 .. . - MARCH. SEPTEMBER. 1 2~34 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26272829 30~31 .. 24252627282930 APRIL. 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MAY. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JUNE. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 Page 11 CONFEDERATE COMMISSIONERS AND AGENTS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. England: William L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, A. Dudley Mani Mar. 16, 1861. Mexico: John T. Pickett May 17, 1861. Mexico (New Leon) : J. A. Quintero May 22, 1861. Spanish, British, Danish, West Indies: Charles J. Helm July 22, 1861. United States of Mexico (Monterey) : J. A. Quintero Sept. 3. 1861. England: James M. Mason; James E. Macfarland, secretary~ Aug. 24, 1861. France: John Slidell; Gewge Fustis, secretary Aug. 24, 1861. Spain: Pierre A. Rost, William L. Yane~y, A. DuU~y Mann Aug. 24, 1861. England: Henry Hotze. commercial agent - Nov. 14, 1861. Mexico (State of Tamaulipas) : Richard Fitzpatrick, coinniercial agent Nov. 15, 1862. Russia: Colonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar; Walker Feai~n, secretary~ Nov. 19, 1862. Mexico (Vera Cruz): Bernard Avegno, commercial agent Dec. 15, 1862. England (Cork, Ireland) : Robert Dowling, commercial agent Mar. 7, 1863. The Pope (Rome) : A. Dudley MdMh - Sept. 24, 1863. Mexico: William Preston; Walker Fearn, secretary Jan. 7, 1864. Spain: John Slid~iL~-~. - Mar. 26, 1863. All Countries: James M.j~lason; James E. Magfkrlaud, secre tary Jan. 18, 1864. States of the Church: P. N. Lynch Apr. 4, 1864. Canada: Jacob Thompson Apr. 27, 1864. Canada: C. C. Clay Apr. 27, 1864. Mexico (Vera Cruz) : Emil~ La Sere May 30,1864. Bermuda: Norman S. Walker, commercial agent July 7, 1864. I Page 12 CONSULS AND AGENTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO THE CONFED- ERATE STATES, 1861-1865. Great Britain: George Moore, consul, Richmond, Va., 18611864. Robert Bunch, consul, Charleston, S. C., 18611864. Arthur Lynn, consul, Galveston, Tex., 18611864, 1865. Charles Tulin, consul, Mobile, Ala., 186162. Jamcs Magee, consul, Mobile, Ala., 1863-64. Frederick Cridland, acting consul, Mobile, Ala. Monsieur Portz, acting consul, Mobile, Ala. William Mure, consul, New Orleans, La., 18611864. Denis Donohue, consul, New Orleans, La., 1865. George Coppell, acting consul, New Orleans, La. Henry W. Ovenden, consul, Baltimore, Md., 1861. Frederick Bonsal, consul, Baltimore, Md., 18621864, 1865. Edm. Molyneaux, consul, Savannah, Ga., 18611864, 1865. A. G. Butterfield, vice-consul, Key West, Fla., 186465. France: B. Th~ron, agent and consul, Galveston, Tex. Baron do St. Andr6, consul, Charleston, S. C. Monsieur Fauconnet, jr., consul, New Orleans, La. Monsieur Portz, vice consul, Mobile, Ala. Spain: Don Juan Callejon, consul, New Orleans, La. Nunez de Moncada, consul, Charleston, S. C. B. Th~ron, vice consul, Galveston, Tex. Mexico: F. Gonzales, consul, Galveston, Tex. Switzerland: A. Piaget, consul, Ne~v Orleans, La. J. C. Kuhn, consul, Galveston, Tex. Nassau, New Providence: F. W. Steil, consul, Galveston, Tex. Hanover and Oldenburg: Jules Frederich, consul, Galveston, Tex. Prussia and Hamburg: Jules Frederich (in the absence of J. NV. Jockusch), acting consul, Gal- veston, Tex. Russia: J. Kauffmann, vice-consul, Galveston, Tex. Austria: J. Kauffmann, vice-consul, Galveston, Tex. Bremen, Saxony, Belgium, Holland: J. Kauffmann, deputy consul, Galveston, Tex. Electoral Hesse: Theod. Wagner, consul, Galveston, Tex. 1 List of Illustrations Page 13 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Judah P. Benjamin, Secretary of State, Confederate States, 1862 Frontispiece Toombs, Secretary of State, Confederate States, 1861 94 James M. Mason, Confederate States Commissioner to England, 18611865 110 John Slidell, Confederate States Commissioner to France, 18611865 112 William L. Yancey, Confederate States Commissioner to Spain, 1861186~ 125 Clement C. Clay, Confederate States Commissioner to Canada, 1864 174 Thomas 11. Watts, Attorney General, Confederate States, 18611863 174 R. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State, Confederate States, 1862~~ 191 James A. Seddon, Secretary of War, Confederate States, 186218(4 281 Christopher G. Memminger, Secretary of the Treasury, Confederate States, 18611864 John C. Breckinridge, Secretary of War, Confederate States, 1865 510 Confederate States flags 767 John H. Reagan, Postmaster General, Confederate States, 18611865 919 XVilEam Preston, Confederate States Commissioner to Mexico, 1864 1111 Jacob Thompson, Confederate States Commissioner to Canada, 1864 1111 George G. Trenhoim, Secretary of the Treasury, Confederate States, 1864 1865 1202 1 Page 14 Page 15 PREFACE. Volume 2, Series II, is to present the unsuccessful diplomatic efforts of the Southern Confederacy to secure admission as an inde- pendent member in the family of nations, to obtain the means neces- sary to the establishment of a Navy and the maintenace of an Army, and to bring about foreign mediation or intervention As this volume will probably be the last of the Records of the Union and Confederate Navies of the War of the Rebellion, except the general index, which will follow, it seems advisable to set forth as clearly as possible the sources from which the material published i~ this volume has been obtained. The best authoritative records show that when the Union Army entered Richmond practically all of the records of the War, Treas- ury, and Post Office Departments fell into its hands. Of the records of the Navy Department practically none was captured except re- ports of investigations of the Navy Department. Since very little of the files of the Confederate Navy Department was actually captured, recourse was had to other sources for the data necessary for the publication of the record of the Confederate Navy. It will be seen from the appended list (marked A) that the sources of information actually relied upon were records and papers in the hands of private individuals of the South. This list shows the individuals who, through their generosity, furnished this material, the number of documents lent, and the final disposition of these papers. There were 2,232 different documents, of which 1,771 were returned to the owners. This volume deals in large part with the records of the State De- partment. During the war many valuable dispatches were captured while being carried through the blockade, and were afterwards pub- lished by tbe United States authorities; but the greater part of the Confederate correspondence was safely kept until the close of the war, and the Confederate Government exercised great vigilance to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Federal authorities. There were preparations for flight from Richmond for several weeks before the evacuation in 1865. Papers of the Government were re- vised and marked for destruction, abandonment, or preservation. A month before the evacuation some of the archives, were sent to Lynch- 1 Page 16 16 PREFACE. burg and others were packed in boxes to send away later. Mr. J. P. Benjamin destroyed the secret service papers on April 2, the day the Confederates set fire to Richmond. In the evening of that day trains steamed from the city with a part of the Confederate treasure and archives. The Pickett Paper8.While the important Confederate archives above mentioned were being removed from Richmond, the diplo- matic correspondence, coiisisting of the State Department archives, except the secret service vouchers, were taken by a Southern man * and hidden in a barn in Virginia. After the excitement had some- what subsided the papers were removed to Washington in five trunks, and, in order to guard against seizure by the Government, were de- posited in several places for safe-keeping. The custodian of these trunks with their valuable records having a keen appreciation of their value, entered into negotiations with Colonel John T. Pickett ~ with the view to ultimately disposing of these documents to the United States Government. * There is considerable discussion as to when and how these trunks were transferred from Washington to Canada. This, however, is unimportant. The fact is that Lieutenant-Commander (now Rear Admiral) Thomas 0. Selfridge was detailed to proceed to Canada on this duty. There are no written instructions in existence dealing with this subject, as they were practically all verbal. Some three weeks were spent in examining the documents contained in these chests, and they were then all brought down to Washington and were eventually purchased by the United States Government. The docu- ments included in these Pickett Papers are given in the appended list marked B. From the many documents lent by private individuals, and from the Pickett Papers, the history of these departments during that period is astonishingly complete. There will be found appended, marked C, D, E, F, G, H, lists of the correspondence of Messrs. James M. Mason; John Slidell; Henry Hotze; William L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, and A. * William J. Bromwell, chief clerk of the Confederate State Department archives. t Colonel John T. Pickett was a well-known Southern man, having been United States consul at Turks Island, and also at Vera Cruz, Mexico, for a number of years. He had also been commissioned by Louis Kossuth as a gen- eral in the Hungarian service. Later he had joined the Lopez expedition to Cuba, and was in command against the Spanish regulars at the Battle of Car- denas. He was secretary of the Confederate Peace Commission to Washington in 1861, after which he was sent as a commissioner to Mexico, and later he served in the Confederate Army as chief of staff to General John C. Breckin- ridge Page 17 PREFACE. 17 Dudley Mann, acting as one commission; C. J. Helm; and A. Dudley Mann. The last of the diplomatic agents, Duncan F. Kenner,* acted under verbal instructions, but the fall of the Confederacy occurred before he was able to accomplish the mission on which he was sent. There is, therefore, no correspondence extant. It is unnecessary to do more than to invite attention to and exami- nation of these lists of correspondence, from which will be seen that only the following numbers are missing: From James M. Mason: No. 7. To James ill. Mason: Nos. 1 and 29. From John ~tideU: Nos. 77, 78, 80. From Henry Hotzc: Nos. 10, 12, 46. To Henry Hotze: Nos. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22. From C. J. Helm: No. 11. From Messrs. Yancey, Rost, and Mann: No. 7. From A. Dndley Mann: Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 105, 106, 107, 108, 117. To A. Dudley Mann: Non. 1 and 2. In the case of the correspondence of A. Dudley Mann, his letters, except those missing, have all been examined, but many have not been considered sufficiently valuab?e to merit publication in this volume. They are, however, among the Pickett Papers in the Con- gressional Library and can be consulted by anyone who so desires. C. C. MARSH, Captain, U. S. Navy (Ret.), Officer in Charge, Naval Records and Library, Navy Department. * Duncan F. Kenner, who was selected for this important work, was a citi- zen of Louisiana, and a man of great wealth and conservative views. He had been educated in England and spoke French. He was a close personal friend of Mr. Benjamin, by whom he was svlected for this mission. About January 12, 1865, Mr. Kenner went to Wilmington. On account, how- ever, of the effective blockade, he decided he could better reach Europe by way of New York, which port he successfully reached, and from which he sailed about January 23, 1865. l76429022-----voL 3 Page 18 18 LIST OF PAPERS. A. List of Confederate Documents, Papers, and Logs Lent to the Office of Naval Reeords and Library by Individuals. (These documents have been copied and either returned to the lenders, or placed on file in this office.) Number Returned Lenders. of doen- On file, to ments. owner. Anderson, R. IL, Colonel Army War Records Averett, S. W . ... Returned. Baker, J. McC., Lieutenant Do. Baker, T. Harrison Do. Barney,J.N.,Captaiis Do. Barron, Sam, Flag-Officer Do. Barron,Sam Do. Do Do. Benjamin, J. P., Secretary of Wa~ Blackmar,jr., A. 0 Do. Board of Officers Board of Officers, second report Bull h,J.D Do. Bowen, Mrs. Virginia Do. Braxton, Bragg, General Brent, T. W., Captain Brooke, J. M Buchanan, Franklin, Admiral Do. Carter, W. F., Captain Cary, C., }~idshipman Cawson,C.C Do. Chalaron,J.A Do. Confederate archives Cenk~ieraie Naval Revtster Cooke J W Commander Confederate ~tates Concressional committee Duvall, R. C Do Do. Edmondson R B Eggleston, 1~. T... Eggleston, J. R Do. Faries, T. A., ColoneL Farr. nd, E Forrest, F., Flag-Officer Do. Gait, F. L., Surgeon Do. Gift, G. W., Lieutenant Do. Gift, G. W Goodwyn, 1.1. P., Second Lieutenant Gregg, Alexander Do. Guthrie, J. J. . . Halifax, Nova Scotia, from Library of Congress Do. Henderson, Alex Hoge, F. L., Second Lieutenant Hoge,F.L Do. Hollins, G. N., Commander Do. Winter, W. W., Flag-Olliner Do. Do Do. Jackson, T. A., Chief Engineer Jenkins, Mrs. C Do. Johns Hopkins University (Scharf Collection) 1)0. Jones, C. ap H., Commander Jones, C. Lucian Do. Kemper, Del., Colonel Do. Lamb, XV., Colonel 1)0. Littlepage, H. B., First Lieutenant Log of C. S.S. Florida Louisiana Historical Society I)o. Loyall, B. P., Commander Do. McCarrick, J. W I)o. Maffitt, Mrs. Emma Do. Mallory, S. R Mason, James, Commander 1)0. Maxwell, John, Captain Do. Memorial Hall, Richmond, Va Do Minor, H. D... .. Miscellaneous Confederate Papers Do. Miscellaneous Confederate States Papers Mitchell, J. K., Commander Mitchell, J. K., Flag-Officer Do. Mitchell, Kirkwood Do. M.O.L.L.U.S Do. Murdaugh, A. C. (Miss) Do. S Onfile.... 16 ...do io 29 3 1 49 8 10 13 1 2 1 120 1 5 Onfile.... 2 . . .do 41 ...do is 23 Onfile.... I ...do 1 3 I On file.... I 15 On file.... I 1 On file.... I 1 On file.... 1 ...do 1 14 On file.... 3 ...do 7 I 9 ()n file.... I ...do I 17 Ois file.... I 1 On file.... 1 ...do 7 54 10 1 Onfile.... 5 300 82 (isslile.... 15 1 1 6 On file.... 1 10 3 16 41 3 161) 17 2 Gis file.... 1 ...dO 35 K..dn 22 12 Ois file.... 18 25 I. 1 1 Page 19 LIST OF PAPERS. 19 List of Confederate Documents, Papers, and Logs Lent to the Office of Naval Records and Library by IndividualsContinued. Number Returned Lenders, of docu- On file, to ments. Owner. Navy Department, U. S., files 1 On file.... Do 1...do North, James H., Captain 1 . . .do North, J. H., Commander 190 Retumed. Page. T. J., Captain 1 Do. Pensaeola Navy Yard 36 On flu..... Poindexter,R.~ 28 ...do Porter,J.L.,Nacalconstructor o ...do PorterJWH a Do. Parceli, I. B., Colonel (W. A. Webb Papers) 20 1)o. Ramsay, II. A. 2 Do. Randolph, V. M. 27 On file Richmond Dispatch 2 ...do Ruggles,E.S. 4 ...do Sage,B.J (1) Schober, Frederick 4 On .1..... Scriven, Thomas, Captain 2 Do. Semnses, Raphael, Admiral 3 Do. Semmes, H., Commander 43 Do. Simms, Charles C 21 Do. Sinclair, George T., Midshipman 1 On file.... Slidell, Alfred 112 Do. Sinclair, Arthur, Lieutenant 4 Do. Smith,P.E 1 Do. Southern Historical Society of Richmond 46 Do. State Department 6 J)o. Do Do. Stone, S. G., Lieutenant 17 1)o. Swain, Edward A 26 Do. Josiah 7 Ois file.... 8 ...do Treasury Department 36 Do. Do 44 Do. Tucker,J. H., Flagofilcer 18 Onfile.... WaddellAM..... 1 Do. Waddell, 3. I 85 Do. Warley, A. F 13 Do. Webb, W. A 20 On file.... Wilson,J. A I Do. Wood, John Taylor 10 Do. Wright, Marcus J., General 43 Do. Do 34 Do. Do SI Do. 2 Do. I Not given. B. Papers of the Confederate State Department ( Pickett Papers). I. DIPLOMATiC. Commission to Washington: 1. Instructions, Department of State to commissioners. 2. DispatChes, Nos. 1 to 4, from Secretary of State. 3. Commissioners to SeCretary of State, dispatChes, Nos. 1 to 9, with elsClOsures. 4. Secretary of commission to Secretary of State, April 11, 1866, with ellClosures 5. Forsyth to President, April 4, 1861, contideiitial. 6. Picketts memorandum, March 1415, 1861. 7. Meisiorandum, rough drafts, copies, etc., iii a I)ackage. S. Telegrapisic dispatches in three packages. GrCat Britain: 1. Yancey, Rost, and Mann to Secretary of State, dispatches, Nos. 1 to 14 (except No. 7, which was never received). 2. Mann to Secretary of State, August 3, 1861; December 2, 1861 Page 20 20 LIST OF PAPERS. Great BritainContinued. 3. Mann to President, August 24, 1861; January 18, 1862; February 1, 1862 (with confidential memorandum, January 31, 1862, relative to blockade and the Stone Fleet). 4. Rost to Secretary of State, June 10, 1861. 5. Rost to President, December 24, 1861. 6. Yancey to Secretary of State, November 3 and 30, 1861; December 31, 1861; March 14 and 22, 1862. 7. Yancey to President, January 27, 1862; March 22, 1862. 8. Fearn to Secretary of State, October 7, 1861. 9. Masons, Slidells, and Trescots telegrams from Charleston. 10. Mason to Secretary of State, October 5 and 9, 1861 (from Charleston) October 18, 1861 (from Cardeinis) ; January 30, 1862 (from London) dispatches, Nos. 1 to 46 (except Nos. 4 to 8, which were never re- ceived) ; (lispatches (new series), Nos. 1 to 15; unnumbered dispatch, June 6, 1863; letters, June 24, 1862, November 8, 1862, January 16 and 17, 1863, April 9. and 27, 1863, October 2 and 19, 1863, February 18, 1864, March 17, 1864, July 14, 1864, September 18, 1864, November 29, 1864. 11. Mason and Slidell to Secretary of State, October 11, 1861 (from Charleston). 12. Major-General Huger, November 18, 1861 (enclosing letter from Major- General XVool, Fort Monroe, November 16, 1861). France: 1. Slidell to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 to 76 and 50 his; un- nunibered dispatch, February 1, 1862; private letters, August 24, 1862, September 18, 1862, January 26, 1863, August 4, 1863. 2. Slidell to Hunter, private, February 19, 1862. Belgiun~: 1. Mann to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 to 119 (except Nos. 1 to 7, 105 to 108, 117, which were never received) ; private letter, April 10, 1863. 2. 1~Iann to President, May 9, 1864, enclosing letter from Pius IX to President. f~pain: 1. Rost to Secretary of State, dispatch No. 1, March 21, 1862; letters, May 25, 1862, September 13 and 28, 1862, January 28, 1863, June 16, 1863, and one undated. 2. Rost to President, December 24, 1861. KStatcs of the Church: 1. Bishop Lynch to Secretary of State, (lispatches Nos. 1 and 2; letters, March 3 and 28, 1864. Mexico: 1. Record book of dispatches to Department of State, containing Nos. 1 to 27, with enclosures (deposited by Pickett). 2. Miscellaneous records of the legation (deposited by Pickett) and a l)undle of newspapers. 3. Pickett to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1, 2, 12 to 14. 4. Pickett to Secretary of Treasury, September 27, 1861. 5. Pickett to Browne, September 6, 1861, November 29, 1861, December 31, 1861. 6. Preston to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. I to 13, with enclosures; letters, January 13 and 15, 1864, January 14 and 31, 1865. 7. Preston to President, private, June 28, 1864. 8. Cripps to Secretary of State, No. 1, April 22, 1862. 9. Rieken to Secretary of State, September 9, 1862, to July 16, 1863. 10. Correspondence with Count de Saligny, Baron de Wagner, and others. Russia: 1. Lamar to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 and 2; unofficial letter, March 21, 1863 Page 21 LIST OF PAPERS. 21 II. CONSULAR, CONFIDENTJAL~ AND OThER FOREIGN AGENTS. London: 1. Hotze to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 to 49 (except No. 46); private letters Nos. 1 to 18 and July 24, 1863; February 20, 1864; April 1 and 23, May 28, 1864; July 4, 1864; October 28, 1864. 2. Hotze to Hunter, unofficial, January 30, 1862. 3. Hotze to Brown, March 18, 1862. London and Paris: 1. McRae, financial agent, to Secretary of State, October 19, 1864; No- veniber 4, 1864 (with enclosures); November 18, 1864. Paris: 1. De Leon to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 to 15 (except No. 10), with enclosures. Havana: 1. Helm to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 to 34 (except No. 11). Matantoras: 1. Avegno to Secretary of State, letters, December 30, 1862, to April 2, 1864. 2. Fitzpatrick to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 1 to 9 (except No. 8). Vera Cruz: 1. La Sere to Secretary of State, July 22, 1864. New Leon and Coahuita: 1. Quintero to Secretary of State, June 1, 1861, to December 7, 1864, with enclosures. Nassau, N. P.: 1. Heyliger to Secretary of State, June 28, 1862, to Deceniber 19, 1864. St. Georges, Bermuda: 1. Walker to Secretary of State (see files of Domestic Letters). The let- ters of Walker were taken out of the packages of Domestic Letters and placed in this package. Cotk: 1. Dowling to Secretary of State, dispatches, November 25, 1863, January 28, 1864. Ireland generally: 1. Lieutenant Capston to Secretary of State, dispatches, October 1, 1863, to August 24, 1864. 2. Mr. Bannon to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 18. 3. Mr. Lalor to Secretary of State, Dublin, no date. Canada: 1. Holcombe to Secretary of State, dispatches Nos. 37; reports, April 1, 1864 (case of Chesapeake), November 16, 1864; letters, February 29, 1864, March 12, 1864, April 26, 1864 (private), June 18, 1864 (pri- vate), undated (relating to escaped prisoners). 2. Almon to Holcombe. 3. Thompson and Clay to Secretary of State, telegrams from Wilmington. 4. Clay to Secretary of State, June 17, 1864 (Montreal), August 11, 1864 (report from St. Catberines relating to peace conference), September 12, 1864 (relating to peace conference and other subjects). 5. Thompson to Secretary of State, May 2, 1864 (Wilmington, May 10, 1864 (St. Georges). 6. General E. G. Lee to Secretary of State, December 15, 1864 (Nassau). 7. Captain Dawson to E. G. Lee, dispatches Nos. 1S. III. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR. Records: 1. Record of instructions and dispatches to consuls, confidential and other foreign agents. 2. Record of commissions to forei~n agents. Instructions and dispatches: 1. Great Britain (to Mann, Mason, Rost, Yancey). 2. France (to Shidell). 3. Spain (to Rost, Slidell). 4. Belgium (to Mann). 5. Rome (to Lynch) Page 22 22 LIST OF PAPERS. Instructions and dispatchesCon tinned. 0. Russia (to Lamar). 7. Canada (to Holcombe). 8. Mexico (to Pickett, Preston). 9. Havana (to Helm). 10. Monterey (to Quintero). IV. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. Book of reports, President to Congress. 2. Proclamation book, and also manuscript and printe(l proclamations. 3. Presidents messages (pamphlets). 4. Pardon book. 5. Domestic letter book, and domestic letters, 18611865, with an index book of letters received. 6. Packages of papers and letters, and record books relating to office holding, viz: applications for office, and for issue of commissions, acting appoint- ments, records of commissions, confirmations, and resolutions of Con- gress, oaths of office, letters of resignation, etc. 7. Passports, applications for foreign passports, congressional military pass- ports, descriptive lists, etc. 8. Financial papers and accounts, viz: correspondence, cash book, ledger, appropriation book, requisition book, foreign service account book. 9. Destroyed property; index to property destroyed by Confederate authori- ties, and an index to that destroyed by the enemy. 10. Letters of marque, register of letters of marque, correspondence relating to letters of marque. 11. List of vessels running the blockade. 12. Steamer sumter, cruise and operations. 13. Fort Sumter, correspondence relating thereto, with notes by Judge Camp- bell. 14. Exchange of prisoners, correspondence of Robert Ould ielating thereto. 15. Ordinances of secession, conventions between the States, and correspond- ence relating thereto. 16. Letters to Secretary of State from foreign consuls in the Confederate States. 17. Cipher tables used in correspondence with Mason, Slidell, Mann, and others. 18. Notes of Assistant Secretary of State and of chief clerk, relating to current evehts. 19. Telegrams, pension papers, commission of Albert Pike, Trescots correspond- ence, miscellaneous memorandums. ~l. Copyright records. 21. Exequaturs to consuls. 22. Various blank forms, and some printed material, such as newspapers, acts, etc. V. Confederate State Department correspondence from and to 3. M. Mason. FROM J. M. MASON. 1. London, February 2, 1862. 2. London, February 7, 1862. 8. London, February 7, .1862. 4. London, Fel)ruary 22, 1862. 5. London. February 28, 1862. 6. London, March 11, 1862. (The above are from the files of Mr. J. M. Hunter, Secretary of State until March 16. 1862, when he was relIeved by Mr. J. P. Benjamin. The following are from Secretary of State Benja- min:) 7. Not found. 8. London, April 21, 1862. 9. London, May 2, 1862. 10. London, May 15, 1862. 11. London, May 16, 1862. 12. London, June 23, 1862. 18. London, June 2 ~, 1862. 14. London, July30, 1862. 15. London, August 5, 1862. 16. London, September 18, 1862. 17. London, September 18, 1862. 18. London, October 30, 1862. 19. London, November 4, 1862. 20. London, November 7, 1862. Not found, London, November 8, 1862. 21. London. 1)ecember 10, 1s(;2. 22. London, L)ecember 10, 1862. 28. London, I)ecember 11. 1862. 24. London, January 14, 1S63. 25. London, January 14. 1568. 25. London, January 14, 1868. 26. London, January 15, 1868. 27. 1.ondon, January 15, 1868. 28. London, January 81. 1865. 29. London. February 5, 1863. 80. London, February 9, 1863. 81. London, March 19, 1863. 32. London, March 30, 1863 Page 23 101010101010101010 ~ ~ -~ -~ ~ ~ ~ 000201~0210~02000-102 2l0~z1000~102.-14~.::10~1 ~1110 22 22222222 222222 2222 222222 22 22222222 222222 2222 2222 22 2222 01051 0 0 11 ~ 11 o~ ~ 0101010 l0l0I-~00000 0010 - ~ 00000000 0002020202 0) 0202 02 02i 03 02~~010122~ 20202 020202:202:2:210 ~02I0-Z1000~10:014~02101-~01000I 0202~02I0.~1Q10 0000000~~0000100 000:1 0000 11111111111111111100111111 1111 11 11~l.111111 11 11 1111 222222222222222222.~112222222222222211~222222222222 022 - 00 00(1(1(200(2(2 ~z,oz000~1010104~ 00SS~5S~-0i~22 . 01~ ~ 1111 ~ 10 10~0~. (1..~000000~x00~ 0000 ~ 0 ~ 502 55~ 0~5~ 020202-00 00~ 00 ~0002 ..:..:- 020202 02 -~0202~ 2202 020022 000.:2 02 ~~0202~0202 ..~02 00 02 02 0 0 00 02 (2 02 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 01 141 (0 (0 01 0 (0 12 0 (0 (0 0 01 01 (0 0 01 ~ 04 0 0 01 01 (0 02 0 01 0 ~ (0 01 0 (0 141 01 0 0 01 0 0 01~ 01 rj2 (0 ~~~0202020202 020202 00-210201220210 l-~01000-~1021~02102.0210.1 ~0210~-~0202102-~0100010201 l~0202 ~ ~ (2(2(2(2(2( 0000000000 Oo0OOO~C1 000 001111000000 0O11000Q~t- 000 00000: 0.0. ~ ~ 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. 70.0.0. ~ 0.0.0. 00- 00000000 000110000 00000 00~.10100000000,,000~.0000 00000 . - - .-0~ - - 0.0.0.0.0.: -~ 10100 11 11 0.1010 0 ~. 02 ? ~o I 0)0200 II 02 02 02 01 01 01 00 0) 02 0 220202 0203 02020202020210101010101010101010~ 01000 102 0210~0210001020122.0210010 (10 0(2(2(.2(1(10 (2(2 (2(2(2(2 (2(2 (2(2 000~ 00~000 000000 0000 oooOoo~-ooo0ooooooooooooo 0001100000000000000000000 . 0~~~00000 00 ~~~10102 00 2~I 1111 ~ 121212(112 ~(2 Sr$~10 05~2222 1010~0)10~10 0 0111(2. - 0 - - - - 00~100000-:~ 00 1-02 00 ~00~020202~00~ 0). 02020222 02 - - 0002 0202.2.3 02022 02(2 ~- 22 22-I- 0202 . 02~ 2 :2:223 10 00-l~02 11 020000 0200 4~0202 4-02 0202 10 10 02 0 00 0) 4- H 0 1010 ~-~- 4- 01010001020122.0210 01021000I 0201 ~ 0000000 1.00000 000000011110 00.0o00111~ 000 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.~~0. 00.0.0.0. 00.0.0. ooooooo-- 0 ~ 0 000 0000000 ~00 00: 000 (2( (2(2(2 010:- 000 02 00~ 10202 5i. 000200 0: 0202 4-4-4- z 0 12 0 11 S 0: 0 12 0 ~J Page 24 [210 tO [2 to [2~-~ ~ ~ -~ ~ 014-.CO[2I-~ 20t0O0022tO~02C.~02102C2~4.COtO~ N~NZZ ~ 0000OO0OOO00O-.O~-OOOO0OOO~t 00.0 0000000000000 ~ 0 ~ 00000 0 00 ~ S ~ 0000000000000000000000000 O00~~ 0000000000000~0~00000 000~~ . - . ~O~O~O~D 02 000p~- S 0~o 0. ~ to 0. 02~ 0202 CO~-~ 02 2002 02 .02 to Co H 0 N N _____________________________________ ~ 10K tO 0002-2 ~ 0 H N 000000000000000 r~i2Ctri2 N 000000000000000 oo~o.o.o~o~ ~5 ~ 000000000000000 000000000000000 0. .0 02 CO S 0. 0 02 02 CO 0202023202C.~C21 0t0.C2~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 N CD CD -t CD CD CD I-I CD N N 0 ~ CD N 1 N t~ l~ N 0 CD H N N ~ N CD N 0 CD N 0 N CD 000000000000000000000000 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. 555555555555555555555555 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 TJ ~D.COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOt01o10t0 1010 CO[2~-~0002-O02t-.COt0~-~0002H02 0~1 ZNNNN~~ ZNN 0.00000000000000000 000.000 oS 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.o 50.0. 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ~ 0.5 5 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0000 CO~ 00 ~ 000000000000000000~ 00 - 0~0~~? os-? z CD 0 0 H CD H 0 02 H 0 z 0 N 02 - . - -~- 0-- Page 25 01 01010101 0. Ot A CO to01 0.000 (0(0(0(0(0(02(0(00 Co Co (0(0(0(0 /2 (it ~ 00000000000020000000 0 (0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0~itl.( 0 - - . P I-I. CO p. CO 01 p CO Cn 1+ p CO lit (0 0 01 0001 0(0 0 p. .0(0 CO totoI-Otototototo010101 -10.OtAOoto01O0000-] I-tt ~01 0 ~ (0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0 z P (0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(000 P 0000000000000000202000 Z - p. (0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0(0 0 p. CO 1.11 p P P C~A02to01 00000010010 000 0 0 j~j0~0. 0. 000 Q001001~ S~E~ 0 0 2000000020 00 0 0 ~t. z 0 00 00 0 02 z .0 z z 10.01 ACo to01 01010101010101 -1001.1-Co 1001 2/ (02/ 00 00 ~ 2 (0(000(0(0 2/~ 01q (0~ 00 y~ ~ . . 00 0.0. 00 Ito Oti 00 to- ~01 00 010. 00A 0. A O 0101 0101010101 o 01 0.01 ACotO01O0000-10.OIACOIO01 P 00 t~, 01 01 l-~21l p. ~ CO ~ 0 -0000000.~.000 0000000000000. ~ 0020000000000000000 ~ 0 0000.000000002/1000000000000 0 CD 0 ..- p. 0. ~ ZZZZ00 CO C~2 ~ O20oOZ000020~o00000 01 t-I. Z J00.~(2000000000t2(((00 p o 00 I-I- CO 00 0~ ~ ~00. 00 0100 ~ 0000000000 0000~ ~ CO ~ I1~0 ~ p 1.0 00 015~ - Co01000 r 10010101000000CO ~ 00 CO ~01 01 !o ~ 01~!I C2t - 01 0 0100 0001 00~01.~0101~? ~ 00 - 000. . ~ 0.0.010001010100 I 0 01 0.~O !O~? CO 00 to 0101.0.... 0. ~ 01 P 0. 01 01 1+ Z (0 0 CO 014 01 02 z 0 01 O~4. H 01 0 0 00 00 pO 1.1 01 _____ 0 pP P 02 ~ p. ~ COCOCOCOCOtotototototototototo010101 .0 tototOtOtO0101 CO ~ A.0to010.000010.O1A.0to010 00~-t ~ ACOto010 C0~ P P ~ fr~4/-21 p. 0000 z 00~ 0 000002000000 ~ 20(0.. 00 (((l2 0020(0(0(0 01 00~ 00 2000000000000 ~ ~ 02 0 ~00 OCO 00000000 CD E~O~O~ (00. (0It 00000000 00 ~ ~ OOjOO ~00 01 0.0. 0.0. 0 - - - - 00 00 00 01~/2 P ~0 0 ~ p. 0. 00 p ..2-I ~00 0 00 p. 00 01 ~+ ~0 0100 0 000 - p 000 00 02 0 0101 0201 P 0. 0 AC00 (0 ~. - 0. CD 0. 1.4 - A (0 0101 0000 0~ .0 0.0. 00 CD AA 00~ 00 0 p 0000 ~I- p 0 p. 2 ~ 0 01 00 0. 01 01 00 0. 0 Page 26 LIST OF PAPERS. 28. Copenhagen, October 24, 1862. 29. Hamburg, October 26, 1862. 30. Brussels, November 1, 1862. 31. Brussel i, November 2, 1862. 32. Brussels, November 21, 1862. 33. Brussels, November 29. 1862. 34. Brussels, December 9, 1862. 35. Brussels, December 18, 1862. 36. Brussels, January 5, 1863. 37. Brussels, January 10, 1863. 38. Brussels, January 29, 1863. 39. BrusseLs, February 10, 1863. 40. Brussels, February 27, 1863. 411 42 No activities to report. Personal se- 43 marks on the potentates of Europe. 44 45. Brussels, May 8, 1863. 46 ~. No activities to report. (~omments on 47f defeat of Hookers Army. 48. Brussels, May 28, 1863. }~otiiing of importance to report. 51 Brussels, June 25, 1863. 591 activities to report. o6. Brussels, August 15, 1863. o7 1 58 I o9 I 60 No activities to report. Writes about 61 r German and Polish affairs. 62 63 64. Brussels, October 23, 1863. 65. Brussels, October 30. 1863. 66. Brussels, November 11, 1863. 67. Brussels, November 14, 1863. 68. Brussels, November 21, 1863. 69. Rome, December 9, 1863. 70. Brussels, December 12, 186.3. 71. Brussels, December 28, 1863. ~}No activities to report. 74. Brussels, January 15, 1864. 751 Unimportant. Comments on European 761 affairs in general. 77. Brussels, February 6. 1864. 78. Unimportant. No activities to report. 79. Brussels, February 29, 1864. 80. Brussels, March 11, 1864. 81. Brussels, March 18, 1864. 82. No activities to report. 83. Brussels, April 4, 1864. 84. Brussels, April 8, 1864. 85. Brussels, April 15, 1864. 86 87 88 Unimportant. Comments on Belgian 891 finances and Polish situation. 90 J 91. Brussels, May 25, 1864. 921 No a(tivities to report. Comments oss 931 italian affairs. 95. Brussels, June 22, 1864. 96. Unimportant. Comments on Russian affairs. 97. Brussels, July 7, 1864. 98. Brussels, July 16, 1864. 99. Brussels, July 22, 1864. 100. Brussels, July 30, 1864. 101 1nimportant. Qomments on Russian 102 j and Belgian affairs. 103. Brussels, August 20, 1864. 104. Brussels, August 26, 1864. 1051 100 Missing. Never received at Congres- 1071 sional Library. 108 J 109. Brussels, October 5, 1864. 110. Brussels, October 12, 1864. 111. Brussels, October 15, 1864. 112. Brussels, October 22, 1864. 113. Brussels, October 28, 1864. 114. Brussels, November 4, 1864. 115. Brussels, November 17, 1864. 116. No activities reported. 117. Missing. 118. Unimportant. No activities to report. 119. Brussels, December 16, 1864. TO A. ISUDLEY MANN. 3. Richmond, July 19, 1862. 4. Richmond, August 14, 1862. 5. Richmond, August 14, 1862. 6. Not found. 7. Richmond, January 17, 1863. 8. Richmond, May 15, 1863. 9. Richmond, September 23, 1863. Not found. Richmond, September 24 1863. 10. Not found. 11. Richmond, February 1, 1864. Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865. Name. Date. Subject. Page. ProvisionalCongress, Journalof. President Davis to Confederate States Congress. President Davis to President of Unsted States. President Davis to aliconcerned President Davis to President of United States. President Davis to all concerned Do President Davis to Confederate States Congress. 1561. Feb. 12 Feb. 18 Feb. 27 .do .do .do Mar. 16 Apr. 12 Resolution authorizing commissioners of peace to the United States. Inaugural Address of the President of the Confederate States Provisional Government. Announces appointment of Martin C. Crawford, John Forsyth, and A. B. Roman, as special commissioners to the United States. Announces appointment of special commissioners to United States. Introduces Martin 0. Crawford, special commissioner of Confederate States to United States. Announces appointment of Martin C. Crawford, special commissioner of Confederate States to United States. Announces appointment of Win. L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, and A. Dudley Mann, as special commis- sioners to Great Britain. Proclamation convening Confederate Congress for transaction of business, at noon, Apr. 29, 1861, in Montgomery. 26 89 90 94 94 95 95 95 9 Page 27 LIST OF PAPERS. 27 Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865Continued. Name. Date. President Davis, proclamation.. President Davis to ailconcerned. Confederate States Congress. ... President Davis, proclamation.. President Davis to President of Mexico. Secretary of State to all con. cerned. President Davis to all concerned. 1851. Apr. 17 Apr. i9 May 4 May 8 May 17 .do May 18 Confederate States Congress May 21 Secretary of State to General Vidaurri, Governor and Coin- nsander.in-Chief of Mexican Province of New Leon, etc. President Davis to aliconcerned. President Davis to people of Confederate States. President Davis to all concerned. President Davis to President Lincoln. President Davis toalleoncerned. May 22 May 24 May July July 28 2 6 July 22 Secretary of State to all con- .. .do cerned. Congress of Confederate States.. Aug. 6 President Davis to all concerned. Aug. 14 Congress of Confederate States.. President Davis to Pierre A. Rost. President Davis to all concerned Department of State to Great Britains minister of foreign affairs. President Davis to all concerned Aug. 22 Aug. 24 .do .do.... President Davis to Queen Vie- .. . do. ... toria. State Department to all con- . ..do .. -. cerned. Subject. Proclamation announcing declaration of United States to invade Confederate States, and calling upon citi- zens of Confederate States to aid in maintaining and defending these Confederate States; instructions to all persons applying for letters of marque to make certain statensents concerning vessels, crews, etc. Announces appointment of Alexander II. Stephens as specialcominissioner to Commonwealth of Virginia. Resolution of thanks to Brigadier-General P. G. T. Beauregard and officers under his command. Announces conclusion and signing of treaty or conven- tion of alliance between Confederate States of Amer- ica and theCommonwenith of Virginia, at Richmond, Apr. 24, 1861. Announces appointment of John T. Pickett as agent of Confederate States near Government of Mexico. Issues passport to John T. Pickett, special agent of Confederate Stntes to Mexico. Schooner Savannah, T. Harrison Balcer, commander, commi. ioned to act as private armed vessel in serv- ice of Confederate States. Act amending tenth section of act approved May 6, 1861, and providing additional bounty to be paid for sinking or destroying enemy vessels, also granting rights and privileges to inventors of any new kind of armed vessel, etc. Appointment of J. A. Quintero as special messenger to ask that maintenance of peace on the borders of Mexico and Confederate States be enforced. Announces conclusion and signing of treaty, etc., be- tween Confederate States of America asid State of Tennessee, at Nashville May 7 1861 Recommends that June 1~, 18451, be observed as a day of fasting and prayer. Proclamation: Admission of State of Tennessee to Con- federate States of America announced. Renews proposition made to commander of blockading squadron to exchange for prisoners taken on C. S. S. Savannah. Announces appointment of Chas. J. IIelm as special agent of Confederate States of America to visit Span- ish,B ritish, and J)anish possessions in West Indies, for purpose of establishing friendly relations with them. Passport issued to Chas. J. helm, as special agent to Ilavana. Resolutions of thanks to General Jos. F. Johnston and General Gustave T. Beauregard and officers and troops under their command in battle at Manassas, July 21, 1861. Proclamation warning citizens of United States to de- part from Confederate States within 40 days from date. Regulations respecting alien enemies Resolutions of thanks of Congress to Brigadier-General Ben MeCulloch, his oflicers and soldiers. Appoints Pierre A. Rust to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States of Amersca to Kingdom of Spain. Announces appointment of Hon. Jas M. Mason as special commissioner of Confederate States to United Kingdom of Great Britaiss and Ireland. Introducing James M. Mason, special commissioner of ConfederateStatesto Great Britain, to Her Britaisnic Majestys minister of foreign affairs. Announces appointment of Hon. Jas. M. Mason as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Confederate States to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Notifies Queen Victoria of selection of Hon. James M. Mason as envoy extraordinary and sninister 1)1cm- potentiary of Confederate States, to reside near court of her Majesty. Passport issued to James M. Mason, special commis- ssoner of Confederate Government. Page. 96 98 98 98 99 99 100 100 lot 101 102; 103 103 104 105 107 105 106 107 107 110 110 111 111 11 Page 28 LIST OF PAPERS. Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865Continued. Name. Date. Subject. Page. President Davis to all concerned Do State Department to French Minister of foreign affairs. President Davis to all concerned President Davis to Prance, Em- peror of. State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis to all concerned 1861. Aug. 24 ....... ..do.... .do.... - ..do.... - . .do.... Do do.... Do do.... State Department to Spanish minister of foreign affairs. .do.... President Davis to all concerned . - .do.... President Davis to Queen of Spain. State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis State Department to J. A. Quin- tero. State Department to Governor of New Leon and Coahuila. President Davis to all concerned State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis to all concerned Confederate States Congress.... - ..do.... Sept. 2 Sept. 3 ...do.... Oct. 31 Nov. 14 Nov. 28 Dec. 3 Do Dec. 6 Do Dec. 18 1862. Do Jan. 10 President Davis to all concern- ed. President Davis to people of Confederate States. President Davis Feb. 14 Feb. 20 Feb. 27 President Davis to all concerned. Mar. 1 Announces appointment of James E. Macfarland as secretary of legation at London. Announces appointment of Hon. John Slidell as spe- cial commissioner to Empire of France. Introduces Hon. John Slidellto His Imperial Majestys minister of foreign affairs. Announces appointment of Hon. John Slidell as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Con- federate States to Empire of France. Notifies Emperor Napoleon Ill of appointment of lion. John Slidell as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Confederate States to France. Passport issued to John Slidell, special commissioner to France. Announces appointment of George Eustis as secre- tary of legation at Paris. Announces appointment of Pierre A. Rost, William L. Yancey, and A. Dudley Mann as special coinsuis- sioners of Confederate States to Kingdom of Spain. Announces appointment of Pierre A. Rust as special commissioner of Confederate States to Kingdom of Spain. Introduces Pierre A. Host, special commissioner of Confederate States to Spain, to minister of foreign affairs. Announces appointment of Pierre A. Rost as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Con- federate States to Kingdom of Spain. Notifies Queen Isabella II of appointment of Pierre A. Rust as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipo- tentiary of Confederate States. Pasaportissued to Pierre A. Rust, special commissioner to Spain. Convokes Congress for transaction of business Sept. 3, 1861, to act upon bill authorizing President to con- tinue appointments during recess of Congress. NotifiesJ. A. Quintero of his appointment as confiden- tial agent of Confederate States Government in northeastern Mexico, to reside at Monterey. Introduces, to Governor of Santiago Vidaurri, J. A. Quintero, confidential agent of Confederate States Government. Sets apart Friday, Nov. 15, 1861, as a day of fasting and prayer. Announces appointment of Henry Hotze as commer- cial agent of the Confederate States of America at London. Proclamation announcing admission of Missouri as a member of Confederate States of America. Resolution of thinks of Congress to Major-General Ster- ling Price and the Missouri Army under his com- mand for victory at Lexington, Mo., Sept. 20, 1861. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major-General Leonidas Polk, Brigadier-General Gideon I. Pil- low, Brigadier-General Benjamin F. Cheatham, and officers and soldiers under their command for victory at Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1861. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Brigadier-General N. G. Evans and officers and soldiers under his com- mand for victory in battle of Leesburg. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Colonel Edward Johnson and officers and men under his command for victory Dec. 13, 1861, at summit of Alleghany Mountains in Virgima. Announces act to organize Territory of Arizona, ap- proved Jan. 18, 1862. Proclamation setting apart Friday, Feb. 28, 1862, as a day of fa.stiag, hunulsation, and prayer. Proclamation extending martial law over cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth and 10 miles of surrounding country, and si~mspending privilege of writ of habeas corpus in same. Proclamation extending martial law over city of Rich- mond and surrounding country to distance of 10 miles and suspending privilege of writ of habeas corpus in said territory. 28 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 107 108 109 109 110 116 116 116 117 117 118 118 118 119 119 119 120 121 12 Page 29 LIST OF PAPERS. 29 Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865Continued. Name. Date. President Davis to house of Representatives. 1862. Mar. 7 President Davis toaliconcerned. Mar. 8 Confederate States Congress.... Mar. 12 President Davis toaliconcerned. Mar. 14 W. L. Yancey, commissioner, Mar. 22 to President Davis. President Davis Mar. 29 President Davis to Speaker of Apr. 1 House of Representatives. President Davis to Senate and House of Representatives of Confederate States. President Davis to ailconcerned. Apr. 8 .do.... Confederate States Congress Apr. 9 President Davis to Senate and House of Representatives. Confederate States Congress.... Do Do Do Apr. 10 Apr. 11 Apr. 15 Apr. 16 Do Apr. 21 President Davis toallconcerned. May 1 Do May 3 President Davis to the people of the Confederate States of America. ....... Subject. Transmits report of Secretary of State to President. informing ~m that 3 French war steamers hav~ arrived at Hampton Roads, one to be stationed at Charleston to protect the French consul in case city is attacked by United States; another is to sail to West Indies; the third to be u.scd to convey dis- atch es between ministers of France and England at ~V. ashsngton and their consuis at Confederate States ports; none to be employed in exporting cotton or tobacco from Confederate States. Proclamation extending martial law over city of Petersburg and adjoining and surounding country to distance of 10 miles, and suspending privilege of writ of habeas corpus in city and country aforesaid. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Captain Buchanan and all under his command, for victory at Hampton Roads Proclamation extending martial law over counties of Elizabeth City, York, Warwick, Glouc ster, and Mathews (in Virginia), and suspending privilege of writ of habeas corpus in these counties. Tenders resignation as commissioner, to take effect Mar. 22, 1862. Proclamation extending martial law over counties of Greenbrier, Pocabontas, Bath, Alleghany, Monroe, Raleigh, Fayette, Nicholas, and Randolph (in Vir- ginia), and suspending privilege of writ of habeas corpus in these counties. Transmits communication of Secretary of Navy cover- ing information sought by resolution of House re- questing the President to state what additional sums of money are necessary to Departments of War and Navy for successful prosecution of war. Announces death of General A. S. Johnston Proclamation extending martial law over Department of East Tennessee, under command of Major-General E. K. Smith, and suspending privilege of writ of habeas corpus therein. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major-General Thomas J. Jackson and officers and men under his command for victory near Kernstown, Frederick County, Va., Mar. 23, 1862. Transmits letter from Secretary of Navy giving de- tailed report of Flag-Officer Buchanan at Hampton Roads, Mar. 8 and 9, 1862. Resolution of thanks o.f Congress to patriotic women of the Confederacy. Resolution of thanks of Congress to General G. T. Beauregard and other surviving officers and privates of Confederate States Army under command of Gen- eral A. S. Johnston. Resolution of regret for death of General Johnston. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Brigadier-General H. H. Sibley and officers and men under his com- mand for victories in New Mexico. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and crews of the Patrick Henry, Jamestown. Teaser, and other vessels engaged for victory on waters of James River, Mar. 8 and 9,1862. Resolution of thanks of Congre.ss to Major-Generais Van Dorn and Price and officers and s iers under their command in battle of Elkhorn, in Arkansas. Resolution of grief of Congress account of death of General MeCulloch and General Mcintosh in battle. Proclamation extending martial law over that part of South Carolina from Santee to South Edisto rivers, under command of Major-General Pemberton, and suspending writ of habeas corpus in that section. Proclamation extending martial law over counties of Lee, Wise, Buchanan, McDowell, and Wyoming (in Virginia), under command of l3rigadier-General liumpisrey Marshall, and suspending writ of habeas corpus in counties aforesaid. Proclamation inviting the people to unite in prayer on Friday, May 16, 1862. I Page. 125 123 125 124 125 126 126 127 128 128 129 128 131 131 131 131 132 132 13 Page 30 LIST OF PAPERS. Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865Continued. Name. Date. Subject. Page. President Davis to the Army of Richmond. President Davis to the Army of Eastern Virginia. President Davis to Senate and House of Representatives of Confederate States. Confederate States Congress, resolution. Do 1862. June 2 July 5 Sept. 2 Sept. Sept. Do - Oct. State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis toall concerned. State Department to Russian minister of foreign affairs. President Davis to Emperor of Russia. State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis to. 11 who shall see these presents. State Department to till con- cerned. President Davisto all concerned. 9 16 2 Nov. 15 Nov. 19 .do An -. .do -. .do Dec. 18 Dec. 24 1863. Congress of Confederate States.. Feb. 25 State Department to all con- cerned. President Davistoaliconcerned. State Department to Spains minister of foreign affairs. State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis to people of Confederate States. Congress of Confederate States... Mar. 7 Mar. 26 .do .do 10 Apr. May Do do Address to Army of Richmond acknowledging gal- lantry and good conduct in battles of May 31 and June 1, 1862. Address to Army of Eastern Virginia congratulating the soldiers on the series of brilliant victories lately won and thanking them for heroic service. Presents to Congress two dispatches from General Robert E. Lee, commanding Army of Northern Virginia, communicating result of operations north of the Rappahannock. Comments on above. Resolution of thanks to Captain Raphael Semmes, and officers and crew of steamer Sumter. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Commander E. Farrand, Captain A. Drewry and officers and men under their command in engagement May 15, 1862, at Drewrys Bluff. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Lieutenant Isaac N. Brown and all under his command, for skill and gallantry, July 15, 1862, in successful engagement with enemys fleet. Announces appointment of Richard Fitzpatrick as commercialagent of Confederate States at Matamoras in State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Announces appointment of Colonel Lucins Q. C. La- mar as commissioner of Confederate States to Em. pire of Russia. Introduces Colonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar, commissioner of Confederate States to Russia, to minister of foreign affairs, Russia. Announces appointment of Colonel Li.scius Q. C. La. mar as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipo- tentiary of Confederate States to Russia. Passportissued toColonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar, special commissioner of Confederate States Government, proceeding to St. Petersburg. Announces appointment of Walker Fearn as secretary of leg. tion at St. Petersburg, for Confederate States. Announces appointment of Bernard Avegno as com- mercial agent of Confederate States at Vera Crus, in Mexico. Proclamation declaring General Benj. F. Butler, U. S. A., to be a felon deserving of capital punish- ment, account of execution of Win. B. Mumford, cit- izen of Confederate States, for having pulled down United States flag in New Orleans before its occupa- tion by United States forces and failure of United States Government to answer all letters on the sub- ject; orders that all commissioned officers under But- ler be considered as robbers and criminals deserving of death; also orders regarding private soldiers of Usited States and negro slaves captured in arms. Resolutions of thanks of Congress to Major General J. Bankhesd Magruder, Colonel. Thos. Green, Major Leon Smith, other oflicers and Texan Rangers and soldiers for gallant conduct at Galveston, Jan. 1, 1863. Announces appointment of Robert Dowling as com- merck I agent of Confederate States at Cork, Ireland. Appointment of Hon. John Sildell as special commis- sioner to Spain. Introduces John Slldell, speciai commissioner of Con- federate States, to minister of loreign affairs, Spain. Issues passport to Hon. John Slidell, special commis- sioner of Confederate States to Spain. Calls attention of people of Confederate States to pres- ent condition and future prospects of country, and appeais to them to aid in production of food, etc. Resolution of thanks of Congress to General John H. Morgan, officers and men, for heroic services in Ten- nessee and Kentucky immediately preceding battles before Murfreesboro. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Brigadier General N. B. Forrest and officers and men under his com- mand for gallantry, etc., during war, especially in capture of Murfreesboro, July 13, 1862. 30 134 134 135 136 136 136 136 37 137 137 138 138 138 139 143 143 143 144 144 145 148 14 Page 31 LIST OF PAPERS. 31 Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865Continued. Name. Date. Subject. Page. Congress of Confederate States - - 1863. May 1 Do do Do do Do do President Davis to people of Confederate States. President Davis to people of Confederate States. President Davis to soldiers of Confederate States. July 15 July 25 Aug. 1 President Davis to A. 1)udley Sept. 24 Mnnn. President Davis to soldiers Oct. 14 1864. President Davis to William Jan. 7 Preston. President L)avis to ailconeerued .. .do.... President Davis to Emperor of Mexico. President Davis to alleoneerned Congress of Confederate States.. President I)avis to James M. Mason. President Davis to all concerned State Department State Department to all con- cerned. President Davis to all concerned Congress of Confederate States.. ...do.... Jan. 8 Jass. 18 .do... ...do.... .do... Jan. 30 Do Feb. 3 1)0 T)o Feb. 6 .do.... 1)o do.... 1)o do.... Do do.... Resolution of thanks of Congress to General G. T. Beauregard and officers nnd men for defeat of iron- clad fleet of enemy in Charleston Harbor, Apr. 7, 1863. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major Oscar M. Watkins and officers and men under his command for victory over naval forces of United States at Sa- bine Pass, Jan. 21, 1863. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Brigadier-General Wheeler, officers, and men for successful attacks up- on enemys gunboats and transports in Cumberland River. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and soldiers engaged in d~fense of Fort McAllister, Georgia, Feb. 1, and Mar. ,1863. Proclamation calling upon all white men of Confeder. ate States1 between ages of 18 and 45 to enroll for mil- itary service, except those legally exempt. Directsthat Friday, Aug.21, 1863, beset apart as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer. Exhorts the men already in service to continue efforts for victory and grants a general pardon and amnes~ty to all officers and men absent without leave who shall return to duty within 20 days after first 1)151)11- cation of this proclamation in the State in which the absentee may be, excepting those twice convicted of desertion. Appoints A. Dudley Mann speeial envoy of Confeder- ate States to the Holy See. Address to soldiers, headquarters Army of Tennessee, requesting cooperation and thanking them for serv- ices. Appoints Win. Preston envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Confederate States to Government of Mexico. Announces appoinimesit of William Preston as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Con- federate States to Mexico. Notifies Emperor of Mexico of appoisutmnessi of Win. Preston as envoy extraordinary and minister pleni- potentiary of Confederate States to Mexico. Announces app ointment of Walker Fearn as seeretary of legation at City of Mexico. Resolution of thanks of Congress to General Robt. E. Lee and officers and soldiers under his command. Appoints James M. Mason as commissioner to repre- sent Confederate States of America in different foreign nations as directed. Announces appointment of James M. Mason as com- missioner of Confederate States to . Introducing James M. Mason, commissioner of Con- federate States. Issues passport to James M. Mason, commissioner of Confederate States. Appointment of James E. Macfarland as secretary of legatiouto Hon. James M. Mason. Resoiption of thamiks of Congress to Major Heros von Boreke of Prussia, adjutant and inspector-general of cavairy corps of Army of Northern Virginia. Resolution ofthanks of Congress to the soldiers of Tennessee, under command of General Joseph E. Johnston. for voluntarily tendering their services to the country durisug the xvar. Resolution of thanks to North Carolina Brigade for re- enlistment for war. Resolution of thanks to troops from State of Louisiana in the Army of Tennessee who bave volunteered their services for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Sceond Florida Regiment for reenlistment at expiration of present term of service. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Alabama troops, commanded by Brigadier-General Cullen A. Battle, C. S. A., who have reenlisted for the period of war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and troops under Major-General Rodes for patriotism in reen- listing for the war. 148 148 148 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 154 155 155 155 156 157 157 157 158 158 159 159 159 160 160 161 Page 32 32 LIST OF PAPERS. Proclamations, appointments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to January 28, 1865Continued. Name. Congress of Confederate States. - Do Do Date. 1864. Feb. 6 Feb. 8 .do.... Do do.... Do Feb. 9 President Davis to soldiers of armies of Confederate States. Congress oWonfederate States.. Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Feb. 10 Feb. 13 .do.... Feb. 15. do .do .do .do .do..... .do..... .do .do .do .do Do do Do Do Do Do ..do Feb. 16 do.... .do Subject. Resolution of thanks of Congress to North Carolina troops under Brigadier-General S. D. Ramseur for reenlisting. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Colonel Thomas G. Lamar and officers and men engaged iii successful defense ol Secessionville, June 16, 1862. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Captain Odium, Lieutenant Richard Dowling and the 41 men com- j~osing the Davis Guards for lefense of Sabine Pass, Resolution of thanks of Congress to General G. T. Besuregard and officers and men of his command for defense of Charleston, S. C. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major-General Patrick R. Cleburne and officers and men under his command for victory at Ringgold Gap, Ga., Nov. 27,1863. Address to soldiers of the armies of the Confederate States. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Tenth Mississippi Regiment for reenlistment for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to members of McClungs Battery for reenlisting during the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men commanded by Major Francis W. Smith for reenlist- ing for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Twenty-eighth and Thirteenth Regiments of North Carolina troops who have revolunteered for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to ollicers and men of Third Georgia Regiment for reenlistment for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Twenty-second Regiment of Virginia Infantry for re- enlistment for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Harts battery, Hamptons legion, South Carolina volunteers, who have reenlisted for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Forty-sixth and Fifty-fifth Regiments of Tennessee voluntesrs for reenlisting for war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Sixteenth Regiment of Mississippi troops, command- ed by Colonel Samuel E. Baker, for reenlistment. Resolution of thanks of Congress to the various bri- gades and regiments of veteran troops from Alabama for reenlistment. Resolution of thanksofCongresstO Seventh and Twelfth Regiments Virginia Cavalry for reenlisting for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to troops of Lomax s cavalry brigade for reenlisting for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to troops in Provi- sional Army of Confederate States from State of Georgia for reenlisting for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Sixty-first. Virginia Regiment of Infantry and Fifth Virginia Regiment of Cavalry for reenlisting for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Commander John Taylor Wood and officers and men under his com- mend for capture of following U. S. ships: El- more, Alleghanian, gunboats Satellite and Reliance, transport schooners Golden Rod, Coquette, and Two Brothers, gunboat Under. writer, with officers and crews of vessels as prisoners. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Fifteenth, Twenty- seventh, and Thirtieth Regiments of North Carolina for patriotism in reenlisting. Resolution of thanks of Congress to enlisted men of Douglass (Texas) battery for patriotism in reenlist- ing. Resolution of thanks of Congress tendered to Fifteenth and Twenty-seventh Regiments of North Carolina troops, Cookes brigade, for reenlistment. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Ninth Regiment Alabama Volunteers for reenlistment. Page. 161 161 161 161 162 162 164 164 164 165 165 165 165 165 165 166 166 166 166 167 167 167 167 168 16 Page 33 LIST OF PAPERS. Proclamations, appointments, etc., of president Davis, February 12, 1861, to 3anuary 28, 1865Continued. Name. Date. Subject. Page. Congress of Confederate States.. Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do.... Do President Davis, proclamation.. President Davis to Right Rev. P. N. Lynch. PresidentDavis to all concerne(1. Secretary of State to Cardinal Antonelli. SecretaryofStateto ailconcerned President Davis to Hon. Jacob Tlsompson. President Davis to Hon. C. C. Clay, Jr. Confederate States Congress. Do do. - -- Do do.... Do do. - -. Do May 23 1804. Feb. 17. Resolution of thanks of Congress to General E. Kirby Smith for victory in battle of Richmond, Ky., Aug. 30, 1862, and to officers and soldiers under his com- mand, especially to General Churchill, General Cleburne, and Colonel Preston Smith. Resolution of thanks of Congresss to Poagues artillery battalion, Third Army Corps, Northern Virginia, for reenlisting to serve during the war. Resolution of tisanks of Congress to officers and men of the Thirty-ninth [Seventh] Mississippi Regiment for patriotic decision to remain in service for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to officers and men of Thirty-seventh Regiment of North Carolina troops for revolunteering for the wsr. Resolution of thanks of Congress to enlisted men of Surry Light Artillery, Captain J. D. Harkins, for re- enlistment. Resolution of thanks of Congress tQ Pee Dee Artillery of South Carolina Volunteers for reenlisting for the war Resolution of thanks of Congress to Orrs Rifles the First, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth flegi- ments, South Carolina Volunteers, composing Mc- Gowan s Brigade, for reenlistment. Resolution of thanks of Congress to General N. B. Foriest and officers and men of his command for gal- lant conduct at Rome, Ga., Chickamauga, and West Tennessee. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Lieutenant Gen- eral Jas. Longstreet and officers and men of his coIn- mand for patriotic services. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major- General J. E. B. Stuart and officers and men of his command for distinguished gallantry and skill during war. Mar. 12 Proclamation setting apart Friday, Apr. 8, 1864, as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer. Apr. 4 Appoints P. N. Lynch as special commissioner of Con- federate States to States of the Church. .do.... Announces appointment of Right Rev. P. N. Lynch, as special commisisoner of Confederate States to the States of the Church. -. .do.... Introduces Right Rev. P. N. Lynch, special commis- sioner of Cosafederate States to States of the Church. .do... - Issues passport to Rigist Rev. P. N. Lynch, special commissioner of Confederate States of America, to the States of the Church. Apr. 27 Directs Hon. Jacob Thompson to proceed to Canada to carry out instructions received verbally from ~... President Davis. .do. Directs Hon. C. C. Clay, jr., to proceed to Canada to carry out such instructions as have been received from President Davis verbally. May 17 Resolution of thanks of Congress to Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth Regiments of North Carolina troops for reenlistment for the war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Texas Brigade composed of First, Fourth, and Fifth Texas and Third Arkansas Regiments for patriotic conduct in reenlisting for ~var. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major- General Robert F. Hoke and Commander James W. Cooke, and officers and men under their commands, for brilliant victory at Plymouth, N. C. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan, and officers and men of his coin- mand, for skill and gallantry in victory of Ocean Pond, FIn., Feb. 20, 1864. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Brigadier-General F. M. Cockrell, and officers and soldiers composing First, Second1 Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixtls Regi- inents of Missouri Infantry; First, Second, and Third Regiments of Missouri Cavalry, the batteries of Bledsoe, Landis Giiibor, Walsh, Dawson, and Barrett, and Woodsons detached company, all in service of Confederacy east of the Mississippi, for reenlistment for forty years if necessary. l743429022----VOL 33 33 168 169 169 169 169 169 170 170 170 170 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 174 174 175 175 17 Page 34 34 LI$T OF PAPERS~. Proclamatieas, appoixtments, etc., of President Davis, February 12, 1861, to Iauuary 28, 1& 65Cosstinued. Name. Confederate States Congress.... Secretary of State to all cen- cernecL Confederate States Congress. Date. 1864. May 23 May 30 June 1 Do June 10 Secretary of State to all con- cerned. President Davis, proclamation.. Do President Davis to Confederate States Congress. President Lincoln t.o F. P. Blair. President Davis, proclamation.. President Davis to Hon. R. M. Lilun (Sameto Hon. A.H. Steph- ensand Hen. J. A. Campbell.) I July 7 Oct. 26 Dec. 24 Nov. 7 1865. Jan. 18 Jan. 23 Jan. 28 Subject. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major-General N. B. Forrest and officers and men of his command for successfulcampaign in Mississippi, West Tennessee, and Kentucky. Announces appointment of Emile La Sere, of Loui- siana, as commercial agent of Confederate States of America at Vera Cruz, in Mexico. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Ninth Regiment - of Texas Infantry for patriotic conduct in reenlisting to end of war. Resolution of thanks of Congress to Major-General Richard Taylor, and officers and men of his com- mand, for successes in Louisiana during past year. Announcesappointment of Norman S. Walker as com- mercial agent of Confederate States of America at St. Georges, Bermuda. Proclamation appointing Wednesday, Nov. 16, 1864, as a day for public worship. Proclamation regarding arrest of Acting Master Ben- nett G. Burley, C. S. Navy, in one of the British North American Provinces on application made by U. S. Government, etc. Annual message Refers to President Daviss letter of Jan. 12, 1865, to F. P. Blair,and states readiness to receive any agent sent by President Davis or other influential person of Confederate States, with view of securing peace. Proclamation a p pointing Friday, Mar. 10, 1865, as a day of public fasting, hmniliation, and prayer (witls thanksgiving). Directs Hon. H. M. T. hunter to proceed to Washing- ton City for conference with President Lincoln upon issues involved in existing war. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861). Frem and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department to Win. L. Yancey, Pserre A. Rost, A. Dudley Mann. Do Do Do 1861. Mar. 16 .do Apr. 2 (No. 1.) Apr. 21 (No. 2.) Notifies Win. L. Yance~, Pierre A. Rost, and A. Dud- ley Mann of their appointment as special commis- sioners to Europe, and gives directions regarding discharge of duties aa such. Transmits papers, documents, and books to above commissioners as follows: Letters of introduction, passports laws of United States, Wheatons Inter- national Law, and sample of dispatch paper. Slates amount of salary of each commissioner and gives directions concerning contingent expenses, etc., transmitting information to Confederate States Gov- ernment, the drawing up of treaties, etc. Notifies abovecommissioners of ratification of constitu- tion of Confederate States by Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. South Carolina and Florida are expected to ratify at an early date. Announces beginning of hostilities betweels Confed- crate States and United States Governments; gives ~tails of taking of Fort Sumter, followed by 1resi- dent Lincolns proclamation of war, Apr. 15, 1861, calling out anarmy of 75,000 men to invade the Con- federate States and capture their forts; announces proclamation of President of Confederate States of Apr. 17, 1862, inviting application for letters of marqne and reprisal; directs commissioners to assure all powers with which they are in communication that measures will be taken to prevent interference withneutral commerce. Instructs commissioners to read this dispatch to the ministers of k)reigfl a~airs of governments to which accredited. Page. 175 175 176 176 176 176 189 177 100 190 191 191 195 197 19 Page 35 LIST 01 PAPERS. 35 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (186 1)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1861. State Department to Win. L. Apr. 26 Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, A. (No. 3.) Dudley Mann. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to Win. L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, A. Dudley Mann. Apr. 29 (No. 4.) State Department to John T. May 17 Pickett. Do May 18 State Department to Win. L. May 18 Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, A. (No. 5.) Dudley Mann. Win. L. Yancey and A. Dudley May 21 Mann to Secretary of State. (No. 1.) State Department, Secretary, May to J. A. Quin ro. State Department, Secretary, to governor and commander- in-chief of Mexican Province of New Leon. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to disbursing clerk. State Department, Secretary, to William L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, and A. Dudley Mann. 22 May 22 ...do.... May 24 (No. 6.) Messrs. Yancey, Rost, and June 1 Mann to Secretary of State. (No. 2.) W. L. Yancey and Pierre A. June 10 Rost to State Department. Requests alteration in dispatch No. 2 to read: Nearly double the amount of the subscription invited for the loan which this Government wa.s authorized Congress to contract has been promptly subscribe etc. Sends to commissioners copy of Presidents message to Congress which met in extra session Apr. 29 at 12 oclock. Requests aid of commissioners or Captain Caleb Huse, Confederate States Army, who has been sent to Europe on special service by secretary of War. Transmits package of letters for Captain Ruse. Re- quests delivery. Notifies J. T. Pickett of his appointment as agent of Confederate States to Government of Mexico. In- structionarelating to duties enclosed. Notifies J. T. Pickett of his salary, and gives instruc- tions regarding contingent expenses, official com- munications and conversations, public papers, accounts, vouchers, etc. Informs commissioners of law passed by Congress, ap- pi~oved May 6, 1861, recognizing existence of war between United States and Coisfederatc States and authorizing the President to use land and naval force of Confederate States to meet the war, and to issue letters of marque and reprisal against vessels and properiy of United States and its citizens. Com- missioners authorized to receive applications assd grant commissions for letters of marque and reprisal. Instructions given regarding issnaisce of above. Mentions States which have already become a part of the Confederacy. Comments on motives actuat- ing United S tes to attempt subjugation of South by arms. Explains attitude of Confederate States and encloses copies of correspondence to aiid from United States through intermediary, Hon. John A. Camp- bell; copy of tarill ado pted by C on federate States Congress, May 17, 1861; and copies of dispatches of Secretary of Treasury to collectors of customs, pro- hibiting the seizure of merchant vessels of enemy prior to declaration of war. Reports to Secretary of State results of interview with Great Britains secretary of state for foreign affairs, and that of Mr. Rost with Count de Moray, the con- fidential friend of the Emperor of France. Are of the opinion that iseither England nor France will recog- inze independence of Confederate States at present, but both powers xviii act favorably toward Con fed- erate States upon first decided success obtained by Confederate States. Transmits letter of introduction to Governor Vidaurri. Advises Mr. Quintero of principal ot)ject of his mis- sion, and encloses $3ttt) for six weeks salary, withiis which time it is expected that be will have discharged his trust. Introduces J. A. Quintero, special messenger of Con- federate States to New Leon, to General Vidaurri, ~ovenssor and commander-in chief of Mexican Prov- ince of New Leon. Explains object of Confederate States in sending special message. Instructs disbursisig clerk to order draft prepared for advance on account of salary of~J. A. Quintero,. 100. Informs commissioners that Congress xviii meet at city of Richmond, July 20, 1861; President will assume chief direction of military operations in the field and will proceed to Virginia for that purpose, executive Departments of Gox-erument accompanying him; and that North Carolina, May 21, 186t, adopted the Constitution of the Confederate States. Recapitulates contents of letter of May 21. It is still belies-ed that Great Britain will not recognize inde- pendence of Confederate States until decided ad- vantage is gained by them or necessity for having cotton becomes urgent. All concur in opusson that France doss not wish to recognize them yet. Com- mission suggests that letters of credence from the President to the Queen of Spain be sent them. Motion made in House of Commons (by Mr. Gregory) that independence of Confederate States be recog- nized by England was withdrawn for reason that parties would form upon it amid prevent Governineist from acting impartially when proper momesit for 202 202 202 207 208 214 217 217 218 218 219 22 Page 36 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. XV. L. Yancey and Pierre A. Rost to State Department. 1861. June 10 William L. Yancey and A. July 15 Dudley Mann, to Secretary (No. 3.) of State. State Department, Secretary, July 22 to Charles J. Helm. John T. Pickett to Secretary July 28 of State. State Department, Secretary, to Messrs Yancey, Rost, and Mann, commissioners. Messrs. Yancey and Mann to Secretary of State. William Henry Trescot Secretary of State. July 29 (No. 7.) Aug. 1 (No. 4.) to Aug. 3 A. Dudley Mann, commissioner, . . .do to Secretary of State. Do do Justice Department, J. P. Ben- jamin, to State Department, Assistant Secretary. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to P. H. Oliver, Louisville, Ky. State Department, Secretary, to XV. XV. Gwathmey, Savan- nah. Aug. 3 Aug. 5 .do State Department, Secretary, Aug. to War Department, Secretary. 7 action should arise. Commissionis of opinion that England and France will observe neutrality. Men- tions arrival in London of Lieutenant Bulloch on 4th instant. Announces arrival of Lieutenants North and Bulloch, and Captain Huse. Gives report of Mr. Rosts interview with Mr. Thouvenel,~French minister for foreign affairs. Commission ss of opinion that Spain, Belgium, and Denmark are in favor of inde- pendence for Confederate States, but in deference to France and England will not take initiative. Comments on public opinion in England and con- siders under present conditions commission should not issue letters of marque until advised of change in disposition of British Government. Sisggests, to facilitate sending and receiving dispatches, Con- federate States Government employ a resi dent agent upon its frontiers and another at some point in Canada. Notifies Mr. Helm of his appointment as special agent of Confederate States in Spanish, British, and Dan- ish islands of the West Indies; encloses commissioss letter of introduction to Captain-General of Cuba and special passport for self and family. Gives in: structions re I sting to duties. Has established friendly relations with Mr. de Zama- cona, new minister of foreign affairs. Work re- tarded by condition of Government (a new revolis- tion impending). Next report will contain detailed account of progress. Announces victory of Confederate States forces at Manassas July 21, 1861. Gives account of battle. Mentions status of different Southern States in Con- federacy. Report that since last dispatch of July 15 nothing has occurred in England or France to alter views therein expressed. Commission is in need of contingent funds. Confidence is expressed that England and Frances recognition of Confederate States depends upon military success of the Confederate States. Reports recent communication with consuls of Eng- land and France at Charleston, S. C., concerning communication between Confederate States and above countries; views of President of Confederate States regarding exclusion of Confederate States prizes from ports of France and England; blockade by United States. Transmits information concern- ing the French consul, Mr. St. Andre, his applica- tion for exequatur, etc. It was suggested at above conference, history of blockade at each port be embodied in a dispatch to Confederate States com- missioners and same forwarded to Lord John Hussell. Describes plans of United States to borrow $100,000,000 in Europe. Commission will try to defeat project. No information yet received by commission as to a battle at Manassas Junction. Makes suggestions relating to the sending of dispatches from Confed- erate States Government to commissioners at Lon- don. Enclosure to above: New York Herald of July 20 con- tained extracts from New Orleans Trne Delta which are very hurtful to cause of Confederate States. They should be silenced. Returns Mr. Sullivans letter, requesting parol proof to aid counsel charged with defense of captain and crew of the Savannah, and states that Department of Justice has no means of furnishing it. Letterintroducing Mr. W. W. Gwathmey, confidential agent of Confederate States. Instructs Mr. Gwathmey to proceed to Louisville, Ky., and put himself in communication with Mr. P. II. Oliver, of Savannah, for information regarding pur- chase of arms and ammunition, etc. Encloses hills of exchange on England for $10~000. Gives directions concerning purchase and delivery of above articles and list of same desired. States that Mr. Albert Pike, of Arkansas, has been ap- pointed by the President as commissioner to indian tribes west of Arkansas and south of Kansas. Ex- penses are payable by War Department from appro- priation for service of the Indian Bureau. 36 221 225 226 227 229 230 232 233 233 234 234 23 Page 37 LIST OF PAPERS. 37 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861 )Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1861. Win. L. Yancey., P. A. Rost, Aug. 7 and A. Dudley Mann to State (No. 5.) Department, Secretary. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to consul of Spain, Norfolk. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to B. T. Walker, Charleston, S. C. Walker Fearn, London, to State Department, Secretary. State Department to IV. W. Uwatlimey. Russell. Earl, Iser Britannic Maj- estys secretary of state, to Commissioners Yancey, Boat, and Mann. Aug. 8 Aug. 10 Aug. 14 (No. 6.) Aug. 16 Aug. 24 State Department to Messrs. Aug. 24 Yancey, Rost, and Mann. (No. 8) Do Aug. 24 (No. 9.) Notifies State Department that English Parliament was prorogued Aug. 6, and quotes Queens speech in which it is stated that England, in common with the otherpowers of Europe, will preservestrict neutrality between contending parties. Commission, after learning of great victory at Bull Bun, July 19 and 21, requested asi interview with secretary of state for foreign affairs. No reply yet received. Believes that, for a time England will not acknowledge inde- pendence of Confederate States. Commission has received no acknowledgment of dispatches which it has sent and has no funds to organize means of for. warding dispatches. Requests instruction in case British Government does not receive commissioners officially. Later: An answer has been received to re- quest for interview, signed Earl Russell, desiring that commission put in writing communication they wish to make. This shall be done. Confederate States Goversament is unable to comply with consuls request to aid a Spanisls gentleman who wai a passenger on board brig B. T. Martin, en route to Cardenas, in obtaining permission to proceed to Philadelphia. B. T. Walkers vessel can obtain commission from Con- federate commissioners in London. Transmits copy of note written by Confederate States commissioners to Earl Russell, secretary of state for foreign affairs, Great l3ritain. Above note contains explassation of events which led to hostilities be- tween Confederate States and United States; a pro- test against rule forbidding entry with prizes into British ports showing hardship to Confederate States Governmeist, which began its career without a navy, its ollicers having honorably delivered their ships to United States. This rule being a practical protection to commerce and ships of United States; urges recog- nition of Confederate States Government by Great Britain; explains ability of Confederate States Gov- ernment to maintainitself; cailsattentionto fact that forces of United States Government have been driven from a fortress on tlse Atlantic and from several forts on the western frontier asid are unable to advance more than 5 miles into Confederate States territory; mentions defeat of United States forces at battle of Bull Bun, and calls attention to beginning of offensive movements of Cosifederate States forces; calls atten- tion to value of cotton crop wlsich will be ready for market but can not be delivered at wharves of Con- federate States until blockade is raised; states claim Confederate States Government has to recognition as a goversiment de facto; ability to maintain its posi- tion; that policy of United States Government is not to free slaves but to control tiseir labor; authors of Declaration of Independence made no objection to slavery. Appends statistical tables, census of 1850, giving resources of Confederate States and United States which proves great value of Confederate States resources and exports. Authorization to purchase navy pistols at $38 tele- graphed this day. Drafts aInoisuting to 2,000 have been sent. Acknowledgmcist requested. Acknowledgmeist of commissioners letter of Assg. 14, 1861, in behalf of Confederate States of America. her Majesty has declared strict neutrality toward Conlederate States and United States and will per- form duties whsich belong to a neutral. Encloses reports to Secretary of Treasury by collectors of customs at ports of Charleston, Savannah, Wil- mington, and Pensacola, giviisg data re vessels which have entered and cleared said ports since President of United States declared them blockaded. Above facts areto becoanmustic ted to Government to which commissioners are accredited. Transmits copy of resolutions adopted by Confederate States Congress and approved by the President Aug. 13, 1861, defining position of C on fed era to States in respect to certain points of maritime law. Letters of credence and introduction transmitted to Win. L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, and A. Dudley Mann, commissioners. 235 238 238 238 247 247 248 24 Page 38 38 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1561. State Department to Messrs. Aug. 24 Yancey, Host, and Mann. State Department to Chief of Aug. 29 Ordnance, War Department. Do Sept. State Department to 3. (Quintero. A. State Department, Secretary, to War Department, Secre. tary. Sept. 3 Sept. 4 Bonwell Bach to President Sept. 19 Davis. State D~martrnent to Hon. Sept. 23 State Department to Hon. John . . .do Slidell. State Department, Secretary, Sept. 23 to Win. L. Yancey, commis- (No. 10.) sioner Confederate States. State Department, Secretary, Sept. 23 to A. Dudley Mann commis- (No. ii.) sioner Confederate ~tates. Notifies Win. L. Yancey, Pierre A. Host, and A. Dud- ley Mann of their appointment as speciat commis- sioners to Spain and gives directions regarding duties; sends letters of credence and introduction; gives sum- mary of views commissioners are to present to Spain regarding position of Confederate States Government and its ci aim for recognition. Supplies of copper lead, and powder can be obtained by Confederate States Government from New Leon, Mexico, and delivered at Roma, Tex. States prices and inqoires if War Department desires State J)e- partments agent to procure any; if so, upon what terms. Requests official letter from Secretary of War giving detailed data as to articles required, amount, de- livery, prices, and terms of payment. Agent leaves Richmond Sept. 3; early reply requested. Notifies 3. A. Quintero of his appointment as confi- dential agent of Confederate States Government in northeastern Mexico, and gives instructions regard- ing duties required especially requesting prompt attention as to ~ 01 purchasing small arms, powder, lead, sulphur, and saltpeter, etc.; author- izes him to contract for 500 tons lead and 200,000 pounds powder, giving prices, and inclosing detafied order from War Departnsent. States salary, and incloses letter from Secretary of State to Governor Vidaurri, governor of New Leon and Coahuila, dated Sept. 3,1861, introducing Mr. Quintero, and assuring Governor Vidaurri of the desire of Confederate States Government to maintain friendly and cosumercial relations with Mexican people. F. G. Haimnond, Company A, Louisiana Volunteers, has p lan which he proposes to submit by which dis- patches may be securely sent to Europe. Requests that Mr. Hammond be given authority to report to State Department. Informs President Davis that orders have been given by Spanish Government to clear all vessels ussder Confederate flag to the different Spanish ports. Spanish consul hasintimated that aletter of acknowl- edgmesst to the Captain-General of Cuba for friendly stand he has taken toward Southern Confederacy would be appreciated. Appointment of commis- sioners to Court of Spain would also be gratifying to his Government. Suggests appommstmcnt of Mr. Henry de Butts Norris, who is now in Havana, as commercial agent at Havasia, and the necessity of immediate appointment. States that Mr. Chatard will proceed to Richmond with verbal message from captain-general. Directs Hon. James M. Mason to proceed to London and, as soon as practicable, present claims of Coins- federate States Government to recognition, explain- ing true position in regard to withdrawal 01 its States from Union protesting against blockade, which, if not effectuaf, should not be bimiding; explain value to other countries of large supply of cotton produced in Confederate States, and injury worked against countries which import and manufacture it by a war which closes up supply. Gives general directions as to course to be pursued as envoy extraordinary when diplomatic relations are established between Con- federate States and United States. Directs Hon. John Slidell to proceed to France with letters of credence, present claims of Coisfederate States to recognition as ams independent people; their natural resources, military and naval strength; ad- vantages to France to trade with theism; protest against continuance of blockade, etc., as in instruc- tion to Hon. Jamises M. Mason ims letter of Sept. 23. Mr. Williams, late U. S. minister to Comistantinople, hasinformed State Department of Mr. Yanceys de- sire to resign us commissioner ofConfederate States. President accepts resignation but desires Mr. Yancey in case of change in determination, to continue his service. President Davis has resolved to disunite commission of Confederate States in Europe and send separate commissioners to principal Governments there. Mr. Mann is to represent Confederate States in Ilelgiuns. 249 252 252 253 256 256 257 265 273 27 Page 39 LIST OF PAPERS. 39 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)Conttl. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department, Secretary, to A. Dudley Mann, Coin- missioner ConfederateStates. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to Adjutant and Insoector General Cooper, C. S. Army. Chas. I. Helm to State Depart- ment. W. H. Trescot, Charleston, S. C., to State Department, See- re tary. Messrs. Slidell and Mason to State Department. Do State Department to Masonand Slidell. James M. Mason to State De- partment. 1861. Sept. 2.3 (No. ii) Sept. 27 Sept. 30 (No. 1.) Oct. 1 Oct. 3 Oct. 4 Oct. 5 .do Win. L. Yancey and P. A. Oct. 5 Rosteommissloners, to State (No. 8.) Department. James M. Mason to State De- Oct. 9 partinent. State Department to Mr. A. C. Stockbridge. J. M. Mason and J. Shidell to State Department. Win. Henry Trescot, Charles- ton, S. C., to State Depart- ment. hief of Ordnance, War Depart- ment, to James M. Mason. James M. Mason, Cardenas, Cuba, to State Department. C. J. Ilelinto State Department. Oct. 10 Oct. 11 Oct. 12 Oct. 13 Oct. 18 Oct. 22 (No.2.) Followinstructionareceived on departingfrom Mon- terey. Hon. James Mason, who is appointed com- missioner to Great Britain, will confer with Mr. Mann on his arrival. Requests that he be given benefit of Mr. Manns ability and experience. All papers relating to Mr. Pikes mission to the Indian tribes, comf)rising treaties referred to, are in War Department files. Papers forwarded by State Department received Aug. 17 (Saturday). On the following Thursdayleft Ken- tucky for Europe, via Canada. Arrived here in Lon- don Sept. 17. Time has been employed in consulta- tions with agents of the Government. Requests in- formation toucldng blockade, etc., funds for contin- uing work. All right so far, impos~ible to move on account of weather. Will telegraph immediately when time comes. Harbor now blockaded. Will take route through Texas to Matamoras, Mexico, unless otherwise di- rected. Reply at once, and if route acceded to re- quest Secretajy of War to direct Army officers on routetoaid transportation. Write to New Orleans. Requests authorization to charter steamer Gordon; states terms. Can not get out by Nashville. Charter Gordon on as cheap terms as possible. Secre- tary of Navy thinks Nashville safer. Safer to go to Bermuda if Gordon is taken. Use discretion. Harbor blockaded by 5 vessels. Explains reasons for selecting Gordon. Can be purchased for 862, or chartered for probably $5000. No other route ex- cept through Mexico. Mr. Slidehl concurs in above statements. Commission has postponed intended visit to Paris to open negotiations with the French Government, awaltinginstruetions from President Davis as well as news of important military events. Commission has been informed that British ministry has been considering question of recos-nition but urging French Government to tale lead. Conunents on lack of cotton and grain in England and of grain in France, also tobacco; lack of employment etc.; de- lay in receipt of Southern accounts of events North and South. Thinks true statement of any triumph of Confederate Arm would lead to immediate recognition. Commission has requested unofficial interview with Emperor, but no reply as yet. Mr. Maunwilleometo Paris incase interviewas granted. Mr. Hotze has arrived in London. Steamer Gordon has been chartered for transportation of Messrs. Mason and Slidell to Nassau or Havana. State terms of charter. May leave evening of Oct. 10. Department will be advised promptly of de- parture. Nashville is under orders from Navy De- partment toleave t night. Inquires if package entrusted to his care July 30 1861 waidehivered to Mr. Chas. G. helm. Notliinghcard from him. Sends charter party made with owners of steamer Gordon, alsobtter from Messrs. John Wise & Co., of Charleston, re cost of charter to the Government. Messrs. Mason and Slidellieft here at 1 oclock a. m. Oct. 12; crossed bar about 2 oclock; notseen by fleet. Willtelegraph furthernews. Steamershoualdretum in week. Communicate to Mrs. Mason. Answering Mr. Masons letter of Oct. 9, 1861, states it would undoubtedly be necessary to agree to secure employment for three years to ironworkers at 3 per day and pa. age furnished. It is iron for cannon whichis particularly alluded to. Gives account of departure from Charleston Oct. 12 voyage, and landing, friendly relations with peoph of the island, etc. It will be 3 weeks before a steamer leaves for England. The Theodora (formerly Gor- don) proceeded to Havana and wilireturn from there to Charleston. Reportsarrivalat Havana Oct. 21 and expects to have an interview with the Captain-General of Cuba to- morrow. Hears the Cuban people sympathize with the Southern Confederacy. 274 274 275 275 276 276 276 278 280 281 281 281 281 282 28 Page 40 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)COfltd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department to Mr. Dudley Mann. A. State Department to Messrs. Yancey, Rost, Mason, and Slidell. Confederate States commission- ers to State Department. State Department to James M. Mason. State Department to Robert Bunch, her Britannic Majes- tys consul, Charleston, S. C. 1861. Oct. 23 (No. 12.) Oct. 23 (No. 1.) Oct. 28 (No. 9.) Oct. 29 (No. 2.) Oct. 31 W. L. Yancey to State Depart- Nov. 8 ment. Chas. J. Helm to State Depart- Nov. 8 ment. (No. 3.) Chas. I. Helm, Havana, to Nov. 9 State Department. (No. 4.) State Department, Assistant Secretary, to Francis J. Por- alser, Charleston, S. C. State Department, Assistant Secretary, to F. I. Cridland, her Britannic Majestys act. ing consul. Nov. 11 Nov. 12 State Department to Henry Nov. 14 Hotze. Charles I. Helm, Havana, to Nov. 15 State Department. (No. 5.) Announces brilliant victory won near Leesburg, Va., by Confederate troops commanded by Brigadier- General Evans. Encloses official report from War Deparment giving details of engagement. do Gives an accoisnt of informal interview with M. Thou- venel, minister for foreign affairs, enclosing request for same, dated Oct. 24, 1861. Mr. Yancey will return to London October 31,1861. Explanation of case of British vessels Bruce and Na- pier, laden with naval stores (contraband of war) at Port of Wilmington, N. C., which were forbidden to proceedto sea by military authorities at that port. Calls attention to a similar case when British vessel Hiawatha was seized and condemned by a United States prizecourt Blockade has never been effective therefore should not be binding and neutral powers can avail themselves of legal right to trade in every port of Confederate States. No restriction has been made on exportation of cotton to neutral and friendly nations. Encloses case of Hiawatha. De- tention of British vessels Napier and Robert Bruce explained; protest against blockade, unlawful be- cause ports of Confederate States have never been efficiently blockaded; impression prevailing in England that Confederate States Government pro- hibits exportation by sea of cotton to neutral nations an error; prohibited only for use of enemy or through enemys territory. Explains Confederate States Governments position in case of detention at port of Wilminton of British vessels Napier and Robert Bruce and anxiety of Government to protect neutral vessels against loss. Sends copy of letter upon American crisis, written by Mr. Lindsay, M. P., who is one of the heaviest ship- ping merchants in England and an influential mein- her of Parlialnente and has been of great service to commissioners. Lncloses letter from Hon. Win. Preston,late U. S. minister to Spain Encloses a copy of his note to the captain-general of Cuba, a translation of Isis reply, and a copy of my dispatch to the Hon. P. A. Rost of Nov. 6. Ills interview with the Sunerior Governor of Cuba was perfectly cordial and he gave assurances that he would permit our vessels to enter Cuban ports under the Confederate flag. Suggests that instructions be given Isim to receive and forsvard 1,800 Enfield rifles now in store here in ha- vans, belonging to the State of Mississippi. Gives account of efforts to secure (lepot at Nassau for stor- ing and reshipping cargo. States prices at which he can obtain shoes if desired by State or War Depart- ments. Suggests that funds he placed to his credit to be used when necessary; will endeavor to induce mercisants and others to engage in ventures in Con- federate States ports; several vessels have been dis- patched and otlsers are about to go. Transmits drafts in payment of charter of steamer Gordon by Messrs. Mason and Slidell. Requests receipts. Encloses interrogatories which have been addressed to collector of customs at seaports of Confederate States concerning blockade. Alireplies not yet received. Writers concur in statements slsowing that blockade has not been efficient at any time. Encloses commission as commercial agent of Confeder- ate States at London. Gives instructions regarding duties. Upon arrival report to Hon. James M. Mason. Encloses $750 on account of salary, which is $1,500 per year with $750 for expenses. Gives account of purchase of schooner which is to be loaded with arms and consigned to State Department. Describes vessel. Hopes to send 15,000 arms, etc. Impossible to remit money to department. Very important that he be furnished with funds; wilisend particulars in a few days when safe opportunity comes. Suggests that small steamer under English or Spanish colors he sent him or authority to pur- chase one he given. 40 284 286 287 289 290 291 284 291 292 293 293 29 Page 41 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)Contd. From and to whom. Subject. Page. State Department to Robert Bunch, her Britannic Maj- estys consul, Charleston, S.C. Major-General Benj. Huger, C. S. Army, to State Depart- ment. State Department to Messrs. Yancey, Host, and Mann. Date. 1861. Nov. 18 Nov. 20 (No. 13.) State Department to G. B. Nov. 27 Lamar. Messrs.Yancey, Host, and Mann, commissioners, to Earl Rus- sell. Win. L. Yancey to State De- partment. Nov. 29 Nov. 30 State Department to Chas. 1. Nov. 30 Helm. (No. 1.) State Department to John T. Nov. 30 Pickett. (No. 1.) Chas. J. helm, Havana, to Dec. 1 State Department. (No. 6.) Informs Mr. Bunch that instructions were sent by War Department to military authorities at Wilming- ton to allow British vessels Napier and Robert Bruce to proceed to sea with their cargoes. Capture of Hon. James M. Mason and Hon. John Sli- dell, taken from British steamer by U. S. S. San Jacinto. Expresses Presidentsapproval of commissions work; announces arrest of Hon. J. M. Mason, Hon. John Slidelland their secretaries, by U. S. S. San Jacinto Nov. 8,1861; encloses officialinformation. (See vol. 1, Series I.) Gives account of capture by United States forcesof Hilton head and village of Beaufort; sends officialacco,snt of victories gained by Confed- erate States forces at Leesburg, Va., and Belmont, Mo. Confederate States Congress reassembled Nov. 18, 1861; enclosed Presidents message, copies of instructions given by Secretary of State to Messrs. Mason and Slidell,an~l copies ofdispatcbesinforming commission of Presidents desire that Mr. Rost pro- ceed to Madrid to represent Confederate States as comimssioner there. Encloses letters of credence for Mr. Host. Requests evidence that foreign consuls in Confederate States have refused to allow transfers of siiips in Confederate States ports while they allow them in ports of United States. Submits to British Government lists of vessels which have arrived at and departed from various ports of Confederate States since jroclamation of their block- ade. Protests against b ockade and its recognition by Great Britain. Encloses copy of resolutions adopted by Confederate States Congress Aug. 13, 1861 (marked B). Dispatch of Sept. 23,1861, stating that the President had acceded to request to be recalled from post as commissioner received, but in compliance with de- sire expressei, that position might not be resigned, has decided, in view of fact that seizure of lion. J. Mason would leave Confederate States Government without arepresentativein England, to remain until Government s balladvise otherwise. Instructions relating to suggestions in C. I. Helms dis- patch of Sept. 30, 1861 will be received from Secre- taries of War and Navy. Gives account of arrest of Messrs. Mason and Slidell and their secretaries by Captain Wilkes, of U. S. S. San Jacinto, Nov. 8, 1861; announces capture by United States forces of hilton head and village of Beaufort; incloses copy (A) United States Secretary of Wars instructions to commanders of expedition which shows means United States forces are to employ in prosecution of war; sends (B) copies of official accounts of victories by Confederate States forces at Leesburg, Va and I3elmont, Mo.; incloses copy (C) of message of Presi- dent to Confederate States Congress when it reassem- bled Nov. 18, 1861. Requests that every opportunity be taken to forward dispatches relative to affairs of agency in Mexico. Announces arrest of Mason and Slidell with their secretaries; capture by enemy of Hilton Head and Beaufort, and opening of fire by Fort Pickens on Confederate fortificationi at Pensacola. Sends copy United States Secretary of War (Mr. Cameron) in- structions to commanders o fsou them expedition; copies of official accounts of Confederate States victories at Leesburg, Va., and Belmont, Mo.; and a copy of Confederate States Presidents message to Congress which reassembled Nov. 18, 1861. States that dovernment agent at London, Captain hluse, has purchased a steamer by which he will ship munitions of war instead of previous arrange- ment made with C. J. Helm. Steamer willleave for some one of Confederate ports in a few days. No considerable amount of funds will now be required here. 41 295 295 296 298 298 301 301 302 30 Page 42 LIST OF PAPER.S. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. Messrs. Yancey Rost, and Mann Confederate States commissioners, to State De- partment. 1861. Dec. 2 (No.10.) A. Dudley Mann, London, Dec. 2 England, to State Depart- (No. 10.) ment. State Department to 3. A. Dec. 9 Quintero, Monterey, Mexico. (No. 1.) State Department to John T. Pickett. Chas. J. Helm, Havana, to State Department. Dec. 11 (No. 2.) Dec. 12 (No. 7.) Walker Fearn, London, to State Dec. 20 1)epartment. (No. 11.) 1)0 Dec. 20 (No. 12.) Chas. 3. helm, Havana, to Dec. 21 State Department. (No. 8.) Communication relating to arrest Nov. 8, 1861, of Messrs. Mason, Slidell, Macfariand and Eustis while en route to England on H. B. ii. mail steam packet Trent, by Captain Wilkes, commanding San Jacinto. Commission has addressed a remon- strance to British Government against this forcible seizure and transmitted list of vessels which arrived at and departed from Confederate States ports since date of proclamation of blockade to Aug. 20, 1861. Comments upon editorials in London papers,only one of which asserts that act of San Jacinto is justi- fiable. It is believed that British cabinet will con- cur in opinion that United States should he called upon for apology and restitution. C. S. S. Nash- ville, which arrived at Southampton Nov. 21, is reported as having captured and burned the harvey Birch. Officers and crew taken to Southampton. Encloses extracts from Paris journals taking view that affair of Treat is an outrage upon the British flag. States that Great Britian will punish United States for violation of her flag in Treat affair and her voice will now be found in her sword. Mr. Mann sug- gested, after the cabinet bad decided uponits line of action, the importance of putting the new steamer Warrior in commission and dispatching her to Ham p ton Roads with special minister to Washing- ton for immed late restoration of captured men. Will proceed to Madrid as soon as Mr. Mason, or his successor if he be not surrendered, arrives,and from there to Brussels. Expresses appreciation for bear- ing of Mrs. Slidell, her daughters, and Mrs. Eustis, and is proud of his countrywomen. Expresses approval of Mr. Quinteros work in Mexico. Hopes all frontier States of Mexico will nnite in pro- test to Mexican Government against proposed viola- tion of neutrality of Mexico in permitting United States troops to pass through Mexican territory for purpose of invading Confederate States. Gives in- structions regarding purchase of powder, lead, etc. Incloses a o $500 on account of salary. Re- quests receipt in next dispatch. Duplicate of dispatch No. 12 received. Dispatches 2 to 11, inclusive,have not reached the department. Have transmitted draft for $1,000 Enclosescopy ofhis officialdispatch to colonial govern- ments and people of West Indies concerning out- rages committed by United States Navy on right of neutrals. Public feeling in Havana is nearly unani- mously with Confederate States. Reports increased interest manifested by the captain general; pleasure expressed by him in above oflicial letter and in President Daviss message; his regret that Govern- ment of Spain is not in position to takelead in recog- nition of independence of Confederate States Govern- ment, but ready to follow England and France. Confederate flag is honored and respected in all ports of the island visited by Confederate States merchant vessels. Confederate States facilities for trade could not be better than they are here now. Transmits copy of dispatch No. 10 and duplicate copies of commissioners notes to Lord Russell, Nov. 27 and 30, 1861, regarding sei7ure of Messrs. Mason and Slidell and blockade of Confederate coast. Lord Russells reply of 1)ee. 7, 1861, also appended. Desires correction of errors made in transcription of copy of record ofthis commission furnished to Messrs. Mason and Slidell Data regarding sending of purchases of Captain Huse, Confederate States Government agent at Lcndon, by steamers instead olin sailing vessels and instructions concerning same sent by C. J. helm through Mr. H eyliger. Copies of above instructions will be fur- nished War Department. has unoflicially called attention of captain general and chie f of police at Havana to the recruiting of laborers by Federal Government consul; cited Instances where British consuls exequaturs were taken from them and 01 Mr. Crampton, whose passport was given him by United States for like offense in Crimean war. Mentions pro- test made by United States against allowing C. 3. Helm to communicate with captain general. 42 304 307 308 308 309 309 310 31 Page 43 LIST OF PAPERS. 43 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1861)Contd. From and to whom. P. A. Rost, Paris, to President Davis. State Department, secretary, to War Department, secretary. Date. 1861. Dec. 24 Dec. 26 W. L. Yancey, London, to Dec. 31 State Department. 1862. Jan. Subject. Comments upon affairs in England and France and ex- cited state of pul)lic feeling resulting from capture of Messrs. Mason and Slidell. Commissioners have de- cided that their presence is necessary in capitals. Has positiveinformation through Spanish legation in Paris that independence of Confederate Staics will not herecognized by Spain until England and France have recognized it. Commission is trying to counter- act attempt of an influentialportioss of French press to unite against Confederate States the anti-English nnd antislavery feelings of France. They have writ- ten to Earl Russell asking instant restitution of men captured from Trent and believe that unless United States Government yields war will he declared by England. France remaining neistral. In case United States yields, commission believes it will he insisted that blockade be raised. Comments on change in public opinion, newspaper publications advocating right of secession, and lack of funds with which to pay editors of other papers for favorable articles. Refers to list of vessels which have run the blockade furnished Earl Russellaud Mr. Thouvenel, thelatter having promised to give matter serious consideration. Desires later lists. Informs Secretary of War that compensation to Mr. Pike as commissioner of Confederate States to the Indian tribes has been fixed at $3,750. Considers that Earl Russells note reouired an answer, hut as colleagues did not think so mine has been sent. Publication ol Mr. Adams correspondence with his Government, the United Statesj quotes Earl Rus- sells promiseto Mr. Adams last June that he will not see the psuedo cominissioners any more. Com- ments on Englands violation of impartial neutrality and fact that verbaliaterviews might have been kept up unoflicially but for demand of foreign senetary that written communication be sent. Not~ condi- tions in England concerning Treat affair and states that Havana steamer has failed to connect with British West India mail steamer from St. Thomas which arrived at Southampton an hour ago. la of opi~sion that a Yankee captain has searched her and, finding Confederate agents or dispatches, taken her to port for adjudication. Desires to leave England and will do so as soon as Messrs. Mason and Slidell arrive. If no one comes and war ensises, wilileave on completion of a treaty with England. P. 5. to above: British West India mail steamer, due Dec. 29, not yet arrived. Fears a Yankee man-of-war has seized her, perhaps because of Confederate States officers and dispatches on board. It was a false rumor as to arrival of Shannon. State Department correspondence with dipiomatic agents, etc. (1862). From and to whom. Walker Fearn, secretary to Con- federate States commission, London, to State Depart- ment. Date. 1862. Jan. (No. 13.) Henry Hotze, Havana, to State Jan. 6 ISepariment. (No. 1.) Subject. - Page. Transmits copy of Lord Russells reply to commis- sions protest against seizure of Messrs. Mason and Slidell, and nominal blockade of Confederate States coast. States that answer to ultimaLum of British Government has not been received and preparations for war continue. Notifies of arrival from Mobile. Delay enable(I him to secure Coast Survey charts of Atlantic and Gulf coast and harbors which will aid in running the blockade. Encloses list of vessels which have suc- ceeded in running blockade to and from Cuban ports. Is confident.that Havana may be relied upon as an entrep~t for exchange of commodities with Europe. Hopes to induce the Royal Mail Steamship Co. to extend its Tampico line to Malamoras, thus afford- isig safe communication with Europe. His stock of Southern political works is now satisfactorily com- plete. Expects to sail this evening and arrivf in England by 2tith or 27th. Page. 311 312 312 314 314 31 Page 44 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State 1862. Chas. 3. Helm, Havana, to Jan. 7 Department. (No. 9.) State Department to 3. A. Quin- Jan. 14 tero, Monterey, Mexico. (No. 2.) Chas. 3. Helm, Havana, to State Jan. 17 Department. (No. 10.) A. Dudley Mann, London, to Jan. 18 President Davis. Confederate States Commis- sioners W. L. Yancey and A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Jan. 27 (No. 14.) ~V L Yancey commissioner, Jan. to President Pavis. State Department to John T. Pickett, Vera Cruz. War Department to State De- partment. J. M. Mason, London, to State Department. A. Dudley Mann, London, to President Davis. Henry Hotze, London, State Department. to 27 Jan. 28 (No. 3.) Jan. 28 Jan. 30 Feb. 1 Feb. 1 (No. 2.) James M. Mason, London, to Feb. 2 State Department. (No. 1.) Do Feb. 7 (No. 2.) Encloses copy of Jan. 5 note to commissioners at Lon- don transmitting to them papers in which are pub- lished list of vessels which have run the blockade to and from Cuban ports. Same enclosed herewith; also copy of correspondence (sent by Colonel Pickett) between commander of Spanish forces and governor of Vera Cruz on arrival of Spanish fleet at Vera Cruz. Announces liberation and departure for England of Messrs. Mason and Slidell. Requests that depart- ment be kept informed of political conditions in Mexico, also result of Governor Vidaurris protest against permission given by Mexico for transporta- tion of United States troops, etc., through Mexican territory into Confederate States. Mr. Quintero will be notified when agency in Mexico is to be discontinued. Reports conversation with General Serrano relative to recognition of Confederate States by England, France and Spain and his successor to governorship of CubJ, General Prim. Mentions panic caused in Havana by suspension of specie payments by Fed- eral Government. Comments upon actions likely to be taken by Euro- ~ ean countries concerning neutrality, raising of lockade, etc. Expects arrival of Messrs. Mason and Slidell by Jan. 21. Calls attention to importance of notifying commission of arrivals and departures of vessels from ports of Confederate States. No further communication has been held with Earl Russell since Dcc. 7, 1861. Men- tions Earl Russells reply to complaint on subject by Mr. Adams in dispatch to Mr. Seward; believes English and French Governments will interfere and protest against the sinking of the stone fleet~~ at Charleston. No word received from Mason and Slidell since they left Provincetown Jan. 2. May arrive on West India mail steamer, due Southamp- ton Jan. 29. Anxiety felt as to safety of Mason and Slidell; arrange- mentsnecessary for safe conveyance of W. L. Yancey from Havana, where he expects to arrive by Feb. 24, in case of arrival of Mr. Mason on steamer due at Southampton Jan. 28 or 29. Mentions interest felt in England and in France concerning American affairs; complains of negligence on part of State De- partment in failure to keep commission informed of all vessels breaking blockade. Permission given by President Davis to return to Confederate States. Public service no longer re- quires employment of agent at Vera Cruz. Enclosures. Letter and report of General J. H. An- derson. Announces arrival in London. Mentions order given by English Government to U. S. S. Tuscarora and C. S. S. Nashville to leave port at Southampton. Encloses copy of two questions submitted by English foreign office to maritime powers of Europe, with answers received thereto, regarding sinking of stone fleet and effectiveness of the blockade. Announces arrival of Mr. Mason on Jan 29 1862 Announces arrivalin LondonJan. 29. Favoral~dy im- pressed as to public sentiment in England regard- mg capture of Messrs. Mason and Slidell. Press is favorable with certain exceptions. Believesagency working against Confederate States is headed by Thurlow Weed, said to have a secret-service fund for that purpose. Announces arrival, Jan. 29; givesaccount ofvoyageaad reception by English; announces Mr. Slidells de- parture for P aria and encloses copies of correspond- ence with Captain Semmes and Messrs. Fraser Trenhoim & Co., of Liverpool regarding funds seni~ to Captain Semines through above firm and neces- sity of sending same in orderthatC. S. S. Sumter might receive repairs and proceed to sea. Encloses copy of Times containing Queens mes- sage and debate on same in Parliament. Finds many Members ofParliament friendly to Confederate States. Hasreturns from Southern portsuptoand including September and October. shall use them with friends in Parliament and shall send them to Earl Russell. Have asked him for an interview and 44 315 316 317 318 319 321 322 322 323 323 325 326 33 Page 45 LIST OF PAPERS. 45 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. James M. Mason, London, State Department. to Do W. JI. Gregory, London, to James M. Mason. State Department to James M. Mason, London. Hon. John Slidell, Paris, State Department. to Hon. James M. Mason, London, to Earl Russell. Earl Russell, London, to Hon. J. M. Mason. lion. James M. Mason, London, to State Department. floury Hotz~, London, to State Department. Date. 1862. Feb. 7 (No. 2.) Feb 7 (No. 3.) Feb. 7 Feb. 8 (No. 4.) Feb. 11 (No. 1.) Feb. 17 Feb. 20 Feb. 22 (No. 4.) Feb. 23 (No. 3.) Hon. John Slidell, Paris, to Feb. 26 State Department. (No. 2.) Henry liotze, London, to State Feb. 28 Department. (No. 4.) Subject. received reply granting an unofficial one Feb. 10. Has word from Mr. Slidell stating that unofficial interview with Mr. Thouvenel has been fixed for Feb. 7. Requests instructions regarding applications by offi- cers in British Army (so far as captains and lieuten- ants) to come into service of Confederate States. Advises Mr. Mason to write to Earl Russell asking for an unofficial interview. Necessity for provision regarding future relations be- tween Confederate States Government and Great Britain. GiVes views of President Davis as to cer- tain conditions incaseof armed interventionin Amer- ican affairs by Great Britain and France. Encloses copy of statement made by J. NV. Zacharie relative to outrage perpetrated on him while on board British vessel Eugenie Smith, and copy of papers furnished Department in case of British ship York. Public opinion in France regarding Confederate States cause favorable; regret expressed by many that slav- ery exists; refers to finnncial question now an obsta- cle to consideration of Confederate ~tates case but believes France will wait for England to take the initiative. Encloses copy of note to Mr. Thouvenel requesting an interview, also copy of reply granting same (both unofficial). Substance of interviews with Mr. Thouvenel and others will be given in ci- pher. Calls attention to importance of keeping him posted as to vessels running the blockade; suggests a fund for use in enlisting active support of some in- fluentialParis journal;suggests that 20 or 30 vessels of class of Sumter be sent out since privateering can no longer be used to advantage. Attached to above: Notes of interviews with Messrs. Thouvenel, Per- signy, Baroche, and Fould. Transmits transcripts of returns of vessels entered and cleared at blockaded ports of the Confederate States not including those of the last three months. Acknowiedges receipt of returns of vessels entered and cleared at blockaded ports of Confederate States of America Gives summary of interview with Earl Russell Feb. 10. Encloses request for and reply granting same. Encloses copy ef his first contribution to English press, in which a brief recitalis made of the evidences of the unanimity of resistance of Confederate States and their rights as a nation. Is now preparing article on celebration of Washingtons Birthday here by Fed- eral sympathizers, calling special attention to Mr. Adams speech on that occasion. Has sent duplicate of Feb. ii letter to Mr. Mason, London, to insure delivery to State Department. Opinions expressed therein not changed. Com- ments on attitude of England and France regarding blockade and recognition of Confederate States. Earl Derbys delay regarding subj oct may be due to state of Queens health. English states men prophesy that blockade wiliresultin culture of cotton in India, but this would not be pleasing to France. Considers raising of blockade more important than question of recognition. Enclosures: (A) Unofficial letter to Jules LeCesne Paris regarding shipments of cotton to be allowed iy Confederate States Government to. vessels running blockade. (B) Letter regarding tobacco belonging to house of Rothschild, of Paris which has been sequestered at Richmond, Va. (C~ Has induced Rothachilds to give orders for purchase of 25,000 bales of cotton. This will favor raising of blockade. (D) Letter from Gaetan Cabella, Genoa, desiring appointment to represent Confederate States in Genoa. Encloses extracts from various journals for republica- tion by Confederate States press. Public opinion of Europe especially England, is indifferent. Men- tions EarlRusselland Mr. Bright as declared foes of Confederate States. Lack of cotton from Confeder- ate States has not afforded reliable support, because of speculation and high prices. Cal~ attention to Spences American Union and good efiects produced by it. Lord Camphelihas requested mostrecent in- formation on the blockade and has decided to make a speech in House of Lords in favor of recognition of Confederate States. Page. 332 332 333 336 342 343 343 346 347 35 Page 46 46 LIST OF PAPEPS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. 3. H. Mason, London, to State Feb. 28 Department. (No. 5.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Dcpartmesst. Feb. 28 3ohn Slidell, Paris, to State Mar. 10 Department, R:cbmond. (No. 3.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Mar. 11 Departmsnt. (N9. 6.) Henry Hotze, London, to State Mar. 11 Department. (No. 5.) State Department, Thckmcnd, to Hon. James M. Mason, London. Dn. Robertson~ Norfolk, Va., to State Department, Richmond. Department of Justice, Rich- mond, Va., to State Depart- ment, Richmond. State Department, Richmond, to Da. Robertson, Spanish consul, Norfolk. P. A. Host, commissioner, Ma- drid, Spain, to State Depart- mont, Richmond. W. L. Yancey, commissioner, to State Department. Henry Iloize, London, to State Department. John Slideil, Paris, to State De- partment. Mar. 13 (No. 5.) Mar. 14 Mar. 18 Mar. 11) Mar. 21 (No. 1.) Mar. 22 Mar. 24 (No.6.) Mar. 26 (No. 4.) News has been received of arrest of Captain Senunes of the Sumter at Tangisrs, not yet confirmed, bqst is certain that British Government has taken meas- ures to learn the truth. Government at Washing- ton has been sounded as to exemption of a single port in Confederate States from blockade, with a view to export of cotton. Transmits, among papers laid before Parliament, let- ter o~ Earl Russell to Lord Lyons concerning law of blockade. Hopes issue will be made in Parliament on doctrines of letter. Capture of Roanoke and disaster at Fort Donelson have produced unfavorable infissence on public sen- timent. Fears same will postpone recoenition of Confederate States and declaration of inefficiency of blockade unless counterbalanced by decisive success of Confederate States. Encloses notes addressed to Count do Persigny concerning inefficiency of block- ade. Discusses recent debate in Parliament, question of cot- ton supply and esseral opinion that South will be forced to yield ~order States; unfortunate effect late reverses at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson have had upon minds of Southern friends in London; mentions arrival of steamer Annie Childs; and im- portance of receiving information regarding conduct of war as early as possible. Notes (Sec. of State) Mr. Hunters transfer to Senate. Recent disaster at Fort Donelson has shown to the people of England that the war will be a protracted one, with alternate successes and reverses and the determination ofthe Confederate States never to sub- mit to the North. Mentions debate in Parliament on the blockade and the reluctant admission from Earl Russelitbat reconstructioss of American Union was not possible. Gives detailed account of work in publishing articles in press, and requests papers and all po~i ble informatios~ as early as practicable. English press is unanimous in commendation of Presidents message. Has arranged br publication of a series of letters advocating recognition. Sends copy of Mr. Spences book to Prcsident and one to Secretary of State. Announces ConfedernteState.s Naval victoryat Hamp- ton Roads, Mar. 8,1862, and gives details of battle. Calls attention to his letter of Feb. 28, 1862, addressed to Secretary of Navy, regarding claim in behalf of ManuelCastanado, of Sagua la Grande, Cuba. Same was referred by Navy Department to State Depart- ment. No ground for claim for indemnity and refund of amount asked by Spanish consul at Norfolk, \T5~, for the Spanish student who left school in Pluladel- ~ his, taking passage for Cuba on the U. S. brig B. T. artin, bri~g having been captured and destroyed by C. S. privateer York. No legal foundation for aboveclaim in behalf of Manuel Castanadoforloss of personal effects, passge money, and expenses incurred in capture and destructson by York of the U. S. brig B. T. Martin. Reports arrival in Madrid, Spaiss, asid interview with Mr. ~alderon Collantes, Spanish secretary of foreign affairs, on subjects of recognition by Spain of Con- federate States, and inefficiency of blockade. Be- lieves Spain will not act separately from England and France. Encloses his resigmution as commissioner to powers of Europe and requests that it be laid before the Presi- dent. Encloses extracts concerning emancipation scheme of President Lincoln. Comments upon effect caine has had upon public opinion, and mentions unfavorable impression made by recent disasters to Confederate Army. Ventures against blockade are rapidly in- creassug, shipments being insured at 15 per cent. Considers that therels little hope for any action of Eng- land and France in favor of Confederate St. tes. Is satisfied that England must takeinitiative as France will sacrifice own policy to retain good will of Esig- land. Much depends on success of Confederate States armies in Virginia and Tennessee. 354 355 356 358 360 363 364 364 366 367 370 370 37 Page 47 LIST OF PAP3~RS. 47 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department to W. L. Yancey, Confederate States Senator. J. M. Mason, London, to Earl Russell. 1802. Mar. 29 Apr. 1 Earl Russell, London, to J. M. Apr. 4 Mason, London. State Department to James M. Apr. 5 Masor. (No. 1.) State Department to Hon. Apr. 8 James M. Mason, commis- (No. 2.) sioner, London. State Department to Hon. John Apr. 8 Slidell, commissioner, Paris. (No. 2.) State Department, Richmond, Apr. 12 to Hon. James M. Mason, (No. 3.) commissioner, London. State Department Richmond, .. .do.... to Hon. John ~lidell, corn- (No. 3.) missioner, Paris. State 1)epartment, Richmond, to Gen. Joseph H. Anderson, Wilmington, N. C. State Department, Richmond, to J. M. Mason, London. Do Apr. 13 Apr. 14 (No. 4.) Apr. 14 (No. 5.) Announces acceptance of Mr. Yanceys resignation as commissioner by President Davis. Submits lists of vessels entered and cleared at ports in Cuba, from and to certain of blockaded ports of Con- federate States of America during January and Feb- ruary, 1862. Refers to lists sent Feb. 17, 1862, cover- ing period to end of December, 1861. Acknowledges receipt of Apr. 1 letter relative to block- ade of ports of the Soistisern coast of North America. Notifies of inauguration of permanent Government of Confederate States on Feb. 22, 1862, nnd gives names of cabinet. Archives of permanent Government are to be kept separate from those of provisional Govern- ment, hence this dispatch is numbered one. Gives brief sketch of events which have occurred since last dispatch of former Secretary of State, Feb. 8, 1862, particularly battles. Department has received only one communication since Mr. Masons arrival in London. Encloses list showing number of vessels trading between Confed- erate Stal.es ports and foreign countries during No- - vember, December, and January, 10(1 in number. This establishes inefficiency of blockade. Discusses question of blockade; explains that lack of cotton in Europe is due to fact that an ineffectual blockade is recognized and ships are not sent to Confederate States ports to procure cotton. Department is still without communication from Mr. Slidell. No change in instructions necessary, but list is enclosed of vessels, exceeding 100 in number, which have cleared blockade, thtis establislsing its inefficiency. Gives reasons why blockade is illegal and explains that dearth of cotton in Europe is due to respect whsch neutral countries have yielded to a paper blockade. All neutral powers are invited to buy or exchange manufactures for cotton. Encloses extract of letter from Confederate States agent at Matamorasregarding blockade of that port in Mexico. Announces appoiistment of Edwin de 1.eon as confi- dential agent of the department. Sum of $25,000 has been furnished him as a secret-service fund for special purposes of enlightening public opinion in Europe through the press. Hopes Mr. Mason may be able to devise some means of comnsunication between Europe and Confederacy. Discusses ques- tion of recognition of Confederate States Govern- ment by European countries an(l its influence in restoration of p once. Requests that this aspect be presented to H em Majestys secretary of state for foresga affairs. Confidential dispatch suggesting measures by which French Emperor migist be induced to disregard blockade by Northern States and trade with Con- federate States, principally by allowing French products to enter Confederate States free of duty and by a grant of 100,000 or more bales of cotton as subsidy. President Davis authorizes placing at disposal of Mr. Slidell thousassd dollars for judi- cious use, with special view to enlightenment of public opinion in Europe tisrough the press. Em- phasizes necessity of establishing means of commu- nication between Confederate States and Europe. Announces appointment of Edwin de Leoja as con- fidential agent in Europ.c. Secret-service fund of $25,000 has been given him for special purpose of enlightening public opinion through the press of Great Britain and the Continent. Requests coop- eration of Mr. Slidell. Desires to send special agent abroad by the Theodora. Inquires when she leaves. Dispatches Nos. 2 and 3 received per Southwick, which arrived In Nassau and divided her cargo among several small steamers. Announcos victory in battle of Shilob, Apr. 6,1862. Gives account of battle, reports deatls of command- ing general, A. S. Johnston, fall of Fort Pulaski and 372 373 373 373 379 384 384 390 390 39 Page 48 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department, Richmond, to J. M. Mason, London State Department, Richmond, to John Slidell, Paris. John Slidell, Paris, to State Department. Do 1862. Apr. 14 (No. 5.) Apr. 14 (No. 4.) Apr. 14 (No. 5.) Apr. 18 (No. 6.) State Department to W. H. S. Apr. 18 Taylor, sceond auditor. State Department to Gen. French. State Department to Capt. M. F. Maury. J. M. Mason, London, to State Department. Henry Hotze, London, to State Department. Apr. 21 .do. ... Apr. 21 (No. 8.) Apr. 25 (No.7.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State May 2 Department. (No. 9.) State Department to War De- May partment. A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to May State Department. 2 5 Chas. 3. Helm, Havana, to State May 6 Department. (No. 12.) State Department to Messrs. Browne, Fleming & Co., At- lanta, Ga. May 6 John Slidell, Paris, to State De- May 9 partment. (No. 7.) of Island No. 10. Three or four iron steamers will he in action in less than 30 days for sweeping away wooden ships, gunboats, and transports of enemy. do Encloses account of Win. J. lindsays interviews with Emperor of France concerning recoguition of Con- federate States and blockade; Emperors dissatis- faction with his present position on account of policy of England. Reports Earl Russells reply to Mr. Lindsays note and his refusal to receive Emperors message except- ing through regular diplomatic channels; Mr. Lind- says interview with Mr. Disraeli, who concurred in views of Emperor: Mr. Lindsays second interview with Emperor. Considers that owners of powder per Vanderbilt are entitled to amount claimed by them. Half of cargo was taken by Gen. Hdhert, and Gen. Lovellreceived another sul)ply on which deduction in price was made as quality was not fully proof. Special messenger, Mr. de Leon, has been at Wilming- ton since Thursday waiting for Theodora to sail. She can go whenever ready. Since Apr. 19, 1861, 792 vessels have entered and cleared ports of Confederate States. Transmits dispatch from Mr. Slidell and reports Mr. Lindsays secondinterview with Emperor of France. Reports conditions which have arisen in England and Germany on account of blockade of Confederate State ports; mentions difficulties Emperor of France has to contend with at home and necessity for Con- federate States to have diplomaticrepresentatives in Germany; gives account of progress in newspaper work and plan for establishing a newspaper wholly devoted to interests of Confederate States; calls attention to translations, French and German, of Spences Americass Union. Transmits letter of Mr. James Spence, author of American Union recommending proposal made by Mr. Spence that h0 be appointed financial agent in England for Government of Confederate States, to conduct negotiations for Confederate States Treas- ury, and other matters of importance which will be necessary after independence is achieved, terms to be arranged in future. Mr. Spence suggests title Southern Union would be more acceptable than Southern Confederation, thereby causing United States to be termed Northern Union. Forwards extract from dispatch received from 3. A. Quintero, Monterey. showing that there is hkely to be difficulty on the frontier. Extract may be for- warded as guide to General H6bert for issuing orders to General Bee, who is to take charge of lorces on Rio Grande. Suggestions regarding pohey South should adopt con- cerning trade with foreigu powers, rticularly United States. Urges that Confederate States re- ceive no foreign gnods which are. not imported di- rectly through a Southern port from the country of their origin. Calls attention to proposed project of laying cable from Plymouth to Lisbon, Lisbon to San Miguel, San Miguel to Flores, Flores to Ber- muda, and thence to Charleston. Discusses un- provements in construction of vessels and abun- dance of material Confederate States have for con- struction of iron steamships. Dispatches received for Messrs. Mason and Slidell have been forwarded to them. Mentions mere ~e in trade between Havana and Confederate States during April, and encioses list of arrivals of vessels, with tonnage and amount of cargo. These papers have been circulated in England France, and Spain. Confederate States will not extend to purchases of cot- ton for persons residing in foreigu countries greater protection than that extended to citizens of the Con- federate States. Government is determined to al- low iso cotton to fall into hands of the enemy. Oflicial press of Paris has undergone a change most favorable to the Confederate States. Mentions visit of French minister Mr Mercier to Richmond. Ob- ject and results of Ais isit not l~nown. 48 392 392 395 396 397 397 397 399 401 405 405 410 414 41 Page 49 LIST OF PAPERS. 49 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. A. D. Mann to State Depart- May 13 ment. (No. 10.) John Slidell, Paris, to State De- May 15 partment. (No. 8.) 3. M. Mason, London, to Sts& te May 15 Department. (No. 10.) Henry Hotze, London, to State May 15 Department. (No. 8.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Department. 3. H. M~ son, London, to Presi- dent Davis. May 16 (No. 11.) May 16 He ury llotze, London, to State May 17 Department. A. D. Mann to State Depart- May 10 moist. (No. 9.) Count Pie de Lassus, Liverpool, May 20 to State Department. W. J. Grazebrook, Liverpool, to State Department. May 20 John Slidell, Paris, to State De- June 1 partment. (No. 9.) A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to State Department. June 3 (No. ii.) Reports an interview with H Rogier minister of For. eign Affairs of Belgium, during wfdch he gave the minister a history of the wrongs which the United States had subjected upon the Confederacy; to which he listened in an interested manner. Hears there is a great shortage of cotton in Manchester, and some of the cotton mills there are wholly stopped. Describes interview with Mr. Thouvenel, minister of foreign affairs, on the subjects of capture of New Or- leans and Mr. Merciers visit to Richmond; recogni- tion of Confederate States by France, and terms upon which peace might be made. Encloses extracts from letter of John Slidell describing his interview with Mr. Thouvenel regarding Mr. Merciers visit to Richmond. Mr. Mason is of opin- ion that Mr. Merciers orders were from the Emperor direct and for a mission which Emperor did not wish England to know. Transmits first numbers Qf his weekly journal, which is exclusively devoted to interests of Confederacy. Believes above paper will accomplish its object. Mentions dutiesin connection with discharge of crew of Sumter. Encloses extracts indicating tone of London press on Federal occupation of New Orleans. Regrets consequences of event, but believes recogni- tion must soon take place. Encloses duplicate of letter forwarded May 2 addressed to Mr. Mason by Mr. James Siienee, requesting ap- pointment as financialagent, giving reasonstherefor. Approves suggestion. Forwards by Colonel Ward, late minister of United States to China, substance of late dispatches of Mr. Slidell and Mr. Mason, in cipher, to State Depart- ment. Requests that snatter be considered confi. dential. Fall of New Orleans is unfortunate for cause of Confederate States in England. Since closing letter dated May 15 news has arrived of evacuation of Yorktown. Encloses extracts on the subject from Times and herald. Latter is staunch friend but has limited circulation. Times is less favorably disposed since Russells return. Transcribes an extract from a letter from a New York correspondent to the London Standard, giving rea- sons of New Yorks interest in the success of the war, as it is the great center of financial operations, which controls the Government. Desires contract for munitions of war dated Nov. 3, 1861, favor of Beverly Tucker and A. F. D. Giffard, which expired Apr. 1, 1862 confirmed in favor of Count de Lassus and W. I. Grazebrook, making good difference in exchange. Refers to correspond- ence with Mr. I. Shdeml regarding same. Suggests plan for armor-plating vessels collecting crews, making captures, burning city of New York or other vital point, using petroleum as a fire ship in certain cases. Offers services in above work at com- mission for loss of time and that of Count de Lassus, 10 per cent if ve3sel is captured and 100 per cent If successful. Knows of several vessels which could be ready in 8 or 10 weeks, and will take risk of such an act as far as regards his own Government. Reports conversation with Mr. Billault, French minis- ter sans portfolio, relating to denial by member of British ministry of any representations made by French Government to British cabinet concerning Emperors desire to recognize Confederate States and put an end to blockade; Mr. Billaults statement in regard to Englands policy and his assurance that French ministry is unanimously in favor of the South; Frances inability to act without cooperation of England; change in tone of English cabinet due to fall of New Orleans and gnod results expeded if success can be obtained in Virginia and Tennessee. Transmits copy of note addressed by him to Mr. Chas. Rogier, minister of foreign affairs, Belgium, in which is presented statement of the claims of his country to formal and full recognition as an independent republic. l76429022voL 34 4i6 419 420 423 424 425 424 415 426 427 428 42 Page 50 LIST OF PAPERS. 50 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department to Hon. James L. Orr, Confederate States Senator, Anderson, S.C. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. 3. M. Mason, London, to State June 23 Department. (No. 12.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Department. A. D. Mann to State Depart- June 23 meat. (No. 13.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State June 24 Department. A. B. Mann to State Depart- June 30 ment. (No.14.), State Department, Richmond, to Judge E. W. Moi.e Mobile Ala. Chas. 3. Helm, Havana, to State Departsneni, Richmond. A. D. Mann to State Depari- July 5 meat. (No. 15.) State Department to Treasury July Department. A. D. Mann to State T)cpart- July 12 meat. (No. 16.) Do 1862. Jnne 6 Secretary of War will issue instructions on subject Who are citizens according to opinion stated by Attorney-General. June 13 Reports asi article appeared in a Paris newspaper (No. 12.) Jnne 9, on the subject of Mediation, giving reasons why Europe should intervene on account of her vital commercial interests in America, and comments thereon. Gives account of dispatches received and sent; dis- cusses question of intervention by Great Britain and France as unlikely at present; declaration in Houses of Lords and Commons that no proposition has been made by France to England to otTer joint mediation to Confederate States and United States; conditions existing on account of cotton famine and propriety ofmaking a renewed request to France and England for recognition; suggests that in event of maldng requestfor recognition and refusal of same by England, he withdraw to the continent to await instructions from Confederate States Government. Is awaiting instructions as to laying before British Government statement of Mr. J. W. Zacharie of New Orleans relative to outrage perpetrated on him on board Eugenie Smith. June 23 Transmitsinstrnctions for preparation of an explosive (No. 13.) powder said to be equal or superior to gunpowde received from Samuel Riker, late consul of Unite~l States at Frankfort-on-the-Main. States terms on which Confederate Statesmay haveuse of invention. Reports comments in papers of England and France upon the subject of mediation an d gives extracts of opinions thereon. Hears the basis ofmediation had its origin at the Puileries, and that the French Em- peror designs to conqcser Mexico and establish a throne there. Encloses pamphlet for sale in large quantities at shop in London for 1 shilling. Doubtless they will be sent to Southern portsto discredit Confederate States currency. Shall prosecute enquiry here cautiously. Hears that Lord Lyons has arrived in London and M. Mercier is expected in Paris in a few days, which bodes no good to our cause. The United States is desirous of procuring intervention by the great powers of Europe under the guise of mediation, for the abolition of slavery. Regrets he was not ac- credited to Switzerland and Italy, where he thinks he could have rendered some service to our cause in those countries. July 3 Battle of Richmond after 8 days still continues. Con- federate S~ tes victorious thus far. Statistics re prisoners, killed, and wounded. Brigadier-General Grillith, of Mississipps, killed. July 3 Encloses extract from letter to Judge Rost which cx- (No. 13.) plains manner in which letters forwarded to State Be partment by C. J. Helm, through captain of steam. er Fox, we~ secured by enemy and published in New York Herald. Reports that a large manufacturer of cotton goods told him he feared a revolution would be inevitable in the manufactursag districts of Europe if the supplies of the raw materials could hot be obtained before winter set in, and that from idleness amongst the working people crime has increased to an alarming extent. 5 Returns to Treasury Bepartment $28,000 of the $30,000 enlru.sted to H. Stewart by War Department, to be used in purchase of revolvers for army which Stew- art undertook to smuggle across the line. lIe was killed in attempting to escape from prison. Major Rhett received above from Stewart bit no accotint of remaining p2,000 has been received. Reports the receipt of 2 dispatches and states he Czar has just recognized the Kingdom ol Itaiy, and hopes that our independence will soon be world-wide rec- ognition. July 15 States the heroism exhibited by our countrymen in (No. 17.) fighting the North is at last beginning to compel the admiration and sympathy of Europe, and cites com. parisona with Napo on a army in Russia, which was finally defeated, hoping the same may happen to the Northern army in the South. 441 441 444 448 447 449 449 451 452 453 455 455 45 Page 51 LIST Of PAPERS. 51 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. A. D. Mann, to State Depart- July 15 ment. (No. It.) State Department to A. Dudley July 19 Mann, Brussels, Belgium. (No. 3.) L. Heyliger, Nassau, to State July 19 Department. State Department to John Sli- July 19 dell, Paris. (No. 5.) John Slidell, Paris, to Mr. Thouvenel, minister of foreign affairs. John Shdell, Paris, to State Department. L. Heyliger, Nassau Department. July 21 July 25 (No. 10.) 2(3 to State July A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. July 26 (No. 19.) J. M. Mason, London, to State July 30 Department. (No. 14.) Expects to leave July 16 for London and Paris to see his colleagues there. Thinks that Lord Palmerston will be disposed to admit our independenee in view of onrrecent brilliant victory over our enemy. Dispatches Nos. 8, 9, 10 first received from Mr. Mann since assuming charge of mission to Belgium. Ex- pres s Presidents gratification for friendliness of Belgium Government. Copy of State Departments narrative of public affairs of interest, since Apr., 1862, will be forwarded by Mr. Mason from London. Confederate Btates success continues Mentions arrival of schooner Argyle from Wilmington with 183 hales cotton; capture of Victoria with 160 bales cotton; Captain Sesumes departure for Eng- land bysteamer Bahama, July iS; Captain Bullochs plan toconvoy Economist with cargo of 45,000 stand of arms to Charleston. Expects favorable decision in case of the Oreto by 26th. Steamers Leopard and Minho will carry out a quantity of Government a few days. Port closely blockaded by sikee gunboats; steamer Adela captured on 7th inst. Mr. F. Mohl carries by this conveyance dis- patches from Europe, also secret of new invention for making gunpowder. Encloses letter from Helm. Dispatch No. 7, May 9, 1862, first communication re- ceived by Department from Mr. Slidell. Depart- ments dispatch No. 3, Apr. 12, gave to Mr. Slidell the Presidents views and instructions regarding ne- gotiations with French calinet. Narrates capture of New Orleans and tyrannical actions of (leneral Butler; describes visit of Count Mernier; gives narra- tive of events following battle of Shilob, including brilliant victory in bait Ic of Richmond; expects rec- ognition now by foreign nations. Command of army was given to General Robt. E. Lee by President Davis June 1. General Joseph E. Johnston was severely wounded in battle May 31. Course of events since inlerviewof Feb. 7, i862, justifies hope that demand lorrocognition Isessoweonsidered. Eiplsinsattitude of Confederate States in maintain- ing their right to self-government; value to French Government of supplies of cotton, coal, iron, and other productions of Confederate States. Is con- vinced that recognition of Confederate States t)y England and France would have long since brought war to aebse. Protests against French Government allowing United States to interfere with correspond- ence between Confederate States and France. Pub- lie opinion in Europe is influenced by erroneous statements received from Northern press, while only occasional journals from the South are received and always two or three weeks later than those from the North.. Encloses memorandum oss subject of pre- tended blockade of Confederate States by Fe~era I (lovernment.i Encloses full details of interview with Emperor of France and describes interview with Mr. Thouvenel in which Confederate States Government demand for reougnition was prese ted. (See July 21.) Encloses account of outrage on British ve~sel Herald. Expects favorable decision in case of the Oreto by Aug. 1 or 2. Mentions capture of British l)rig Lilla from Liverpool to Nassau, with assorted cargo anti 200 tons saltpeter. The flag has ceased to afford protection. Reports the ill-timed motion of Mr. Lindsay in House of Commons, has certainly set back our recognition for weeks, possibly for months, u-hich will prove hurt- ful to our in ests. The crop of cereals in Europe ii considered more than an average, which will cause the fall of brcadstuffs in price, with no profit for the Northern States of America from their crops. Dispatehes ito 5 received June 29. Extractsfrom No. 1 have been published in London. Transmitscopies of letter on subject of blockade to Earl Russell and reply thereto by Mr. Layard, undersecretary, same being the only notice taken of letter. Future corn. mussications willhe so framed a~ not to admit of like discourtesy. Transmits letter of July 17 to Earl Not found. 459 460 461 461 467 479 489 488 49 Page 52 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. 3. M. Mason, London, to State July 30 Department. (No. 14) Do July 31 State Department to Mrs. Rose Greenhow Richmond, Va. State Depadment to Mrs. Bax- icy, Richmond, Va. L. Heyliger, Nassau, N. P., to State Department. Aug. 1 .do.... .do.... Henry Hotze, London, to State Aug. 4 Department. (No. 9) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Aug. 5 Department. (No. 15) Dr. Robcrtson, consulado de Espana, Norfolk, Va., to President Davss. State Department to President Davis. Aug. 5 Aug. 11 John Slidell, Paris, to State Aug. 12 Department. (No. 11.) Russell concerning mediation and answer thereto; sends copy of debate on Mr. Lindsays motion for mediation; transmits copy of letter of July 24 to Earl Russell requesting recognition by British Govern- ment, accompanied by private note of same date asking for an interview, to which no answer has been received. Mr. Slidell presented letter of like import to Mr. Thouvenel on the kid. Encloses copy of note received from Earl Russell declining interview because he does not think any advantage would arise from it. Encloses copy of supplement to letter sent to Earl Russell July 24, in which Presi- dent Daviss views concerning prolongation of war on account of Englands refusal to recognize Con- fsderate States Government are set forth. Is now awaiting answer of Lord Russell promised Aug. 4. Annexes copy of Lord Russells letter dated Aug. 2, in which he states that no recognition will be made at p resent by British Government, owing to un- settled conditions in America. Is considering a reply to above letter commenting on position taken. Transmits Mr. Slidells dispatches received to-day for the Department. No answer yet torequest forinter- view. Has put Mr. de Leon in communication with Mr. Spence, of Liverpool. Parliament is to be pro- rogued on 5th of August. Great uneasiness existsin regard toincreasingfaminein cotton districts. Encloses check for 82,500 (secret-service fund), as an acknowledgment ofservicerendered. Encloses check for $500 (from Presidents secret-service fund) as an acknowledgment of service rendered. Demand has been made for release of steamer Adds by Captain Watson, of H. M. S. Petrel, on ground that she was on lawful voyage from Bermuda to Nassau. Reply was that case must take usual course in prize court. Case of Oreto argued yesterday. Sends brief recapitulation of contents of dispatches 4 to 8. No prospects of recognition as yet. Has had in- terview with Mr. Gladstone concerning reduction of Confederate States dollar to make it equal 4 shillings sterling. Mr. Gladstone expressed no sanguine hopes on question of Indian cotton supply, but pre- dicted speedy end of wnr and independence of the South. H ave hadfnsertedin the 1n dexan article on reduction of Confederate States dollar, also debates, etc., in Parliament on s~sbject of recognition of Con- federate States. Publication of Index was com- menced by H. Hotze in May and has articles in Morning Post and Herald. Discusses usefulness cost, etc. of same. Has received notice that 3 cabinet meetings, each time evenly divided, have been held concerning Mr. Masons demand for recognition. Testifies to merits of Mr. von Borcke, of Prussian army, who has gone to Confederate States to tender his sword, and was obliged to destroy letters of intro- duction to President and others. Encloses copy of debate on motion of Lord Campbell for correspondence between the Envoy of the Con- federate States and the Foreign office which Lord Russell declined to lay before the House because unoflicial. Requests assistancein case of a young Spanish gentle- man who lost books, baggage, etc. while a passenger on brig B. T. Martin. Returns negative answer to enquiry of President as to whether he has authority to appoint an ofiteer of the Regular Army to temporary rank of brigadier- general for duty as adjutant and inspector general. Reports that nothing has been formally decided by Frenchcabinet coneerningrecognition of Confederate States. Believes Franeewillfollow waitingpolicy of England. Thinks approaching election will be favorable to Confederate States. Has been informed that Russia returned very negutive response to circu- lar note sent to continental powers asking their opinion as to expediency of recognizing Confederate States. Is satisfied that Mr. Thouvenel is hostile to cause of Confederate States. 52 504 504 505 505 509 509 510 51 Page 53 LIST OF PAPERS. 53 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. State Department to A. Dudley Aug. 14 Mann, Brussels, Belgium. (No. 4). State Department to A. Dudley Aug. 14 Mann, Brussels, Belgium. (No. 5.) Charles J. Helm, Havana, to State Department. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Aug. 16 Aug. 15 (No. 20.) J. Slidell to State Department.. Aug. 20 ~No. 12.) John Slidell, Paris, to Department. State Aug. 24 (No. 12.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Sept. 1 mont. (No. 21.) C. J. Helm to State Depart- Sept. 3 meat. (No. 14.) A. 1). Mann, to State Depart- Sept. 5 meat. (No. 22.) John Slidell, Paris, to Department. State Sept. 13 (No. 13.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Sept. 15 sncnt. (No. 23.) Requests Mr. Mann to proceed to Copenhagen, Den- mark, to execute President Daviss instructions on subjectofrecentarrangement between Governments of United States and Denmark for transferring to Danish colonies In West Indies Africans captured from slavers and broughtinto United States. Presi- dent Davis hopes to prevent possibility of seizure of Confererate States slaves and delivering them for conveyance to West Indies Instead of Africans rescued on the high seas. Instructs Mr. Mann to act in communication with for- eign courts on basis of unquestioned justice of Con- federate States cause,without further argument. Special mention Is made of communication with Danish Court. Forwards copy of directions for making recently in- vented R K R gunpowder, without saltpeter, sul- phur, or acids. Reports that the chances for our recognition seem no more favorable than they were a year ago as both Great Britain and France seem to be I n~~erentto the amount of blood shed by the South in defense of their soil. It has been asserted in a Belgianjournal, that an entente cordiale exists between the French Emperor and the Yankees in relation to the inva- sion of Mexico, and that the reason was the condi- tion made with the Emperor that no recognition of the Confederate States be made by the French Gov- ernment. Reports he has ceased to entertain any hope of early separateaction by the Government of France on our affairs. Gives an account of his interview with the Dulre de Moray, where a discussion of our affairs took place, who expressed himself warmly in favor of our cause. No hopes of recognition. Is satisfied that England desires prolongation of war. Mentions selfishness and hypocrisy of English statesmen. Has ex- pressed freely to Mr. Laubat his feelings toward Northern brothers, knowing a dispatch would be sent to Seward & Co. reporting same. Comments on a circular of Mr. Sewards he recently saw, which makes exertions to enlist an army of foreign mercenaries under the guise of needed labor- ers and artisans for the United States. Such an attempt is infringement of the asserted neutrality of Great Britain, which should be resented. Reports the arrivalof the C. S. S. Florida at Cardenas Aug. 18. The governor intimated a wish that she be brought to Havana, where ho could protect her from Federal interference, so the captain was tele- graphed to bring his ship here, but was unable to do so, being sick with yellow fever. The ship arrived on Sept. I, but only remained a short time, sailing for Mobile the same day. Reportsa matrimonial alliance has been arranged be- tween the Prince of Wales and the Princess of Den- mark during the visit of Queen Victoria to King Leopold. Hears these two sovereigns are convinced that the subjugation of the Confederate States is too absurd a notion to be entertained in royal circles. Also beard that Earl Russell thought the Yankees could not overpower the united and resolute South. Transmits copy of memorandum submitted to Em. peror of France through Count de Persigny,in which arguments are made showing why recognition by France and England is most important to interests of Europe. Cotton now worth in Havre 50 per cent more than in month of July. Reports the Presidents message was printed in L Independence Beige accompanied by notices of a highly gratifying character, and is producing salu- tary effectseverywbere. Sewards circular has been ably exposed by the Belgianjoisrnals and by the London Times. Is doing all be can do to defeat its object, both here and in other parts of Europe. Gives details of latest experiments made In Austria with gun cotton. 512 514 517 515 518 520 521 523 524 525 52 Page 54 LIST OF PAPF~S. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)7Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. f Page. P162. N. S. Renean, Richmond, to Sept. 15 President Davis. State Department to N. S. Reneau. J. M. Mason, London, to State Department. Do Henry Hotze, London, to State Department. State Department to 3. M. Mason, London. Sept. 17 Sept. 18 (No. 17.) Sept. 18 (No. 16.) Sept. 26 (No. 11.) Sept. 26 (No. 7.) State Department to John Sept. 26 Slidell, Pans. (No. 6.) State Department Rost, Paris to P. A. Sept. 26 A. D. Mann to State Depart- Sept. 26 ment. (No.24.) Requests copy of Hon. 3. M.- Masons reports to Con. federate States Government of N. S. Reneans or Mason and Reneaus joint acts in purchase of iron steamer Merrimac, and part of her cargo. Mr. Renean has not been referred to by Mr. Mason in dispatches to Confederate States Government. Last dispatch dated June 23. Dispatch No. 16 accompanies this. Believes delay in answering Mr. Slidells note to Mr. Thouvenel arises from desire of French Government to comply with request for recognition and to bring England into accord. Has heard that British ~hinet will take question up again in October. Same report has reached Mr. Slidell. All are elated at success of Confederate States in series of battles, and news that Confederate States forces have crossed into Maryland. Encloses a copy of a letter to the Navy Department on the subject of a contract with Mr. Sanders to build certain ships for the Navy, with details of an inter- view which took place between himself assd Mr. Sanders recently. Heports public opinion favorably influenced by suc- cess of Confederate States forces. Ode class the Lancashire operatives, remains hostile to Conieder- ate States, believing Confederate States Government responsible for their present miseries. President Davisamessage toCongress praised by London press. Encloses extracts containing tributes to same. States sisccessful progress us publicatioss of the Index and work accomplished throu gh other newspapers. Work is limited by lack of funds. Great Britain fears success of South would lead to reconstruction of Union. Is of opinion that Government and peo- ple of Great Britain would make every sacrifice to prevent same. Has not been successful in procuring pusblicatien of German translation of Spences American Union while absent from Ion. don in August. Suggests placing agent in Berlin or other large German city in case war is prolonged. Instructions regardissg dispatches, 3210 14. 4 1.0 8 still missing. Gives detailed accounts of movements, in- cluding battles, of Union and Confederate armies from July19 i86 to date withdatashowingnumber of enemys loss Yn killed, wounded, etc. Morgan and Forrests brilliant successesin Kentucky and the joining of that State to the Confederacy. New York newspapers are demanding transfer of United States mint to that city on ground that it ~s exposed to capture in Philadelphia. President Davis considers it best for Mr. Masois to remaiss in or near his present position unless grave reasons justify withdrawal. Desires that publicity be given facts of capture and parole of 70 of General Popes officers by General Jackson, as President Daviss action is censured by English journals as wanting in humanity. Ofticers were held for exchange only until Popes murderous orders were set aside and he was removed from com- mand. Encloses copy of dispatch sent Mr. Mann relative to Africans captured from slavers at sea. Dispatch No. 2 of Feb. 26, brought to Department Sept. 26 is the only one received. Forwards files of newspapers relating to conduct of war since dispatch of July 19, 1862. Department has receive d Mr. Hosts resignation but not that of Mr. Fearn which should have accompanied Mr. Hosts. Requests Mr. Slidell to inform Mr. Fearn that his office is vacated account of departure and closing up of legation at Madrid by Mr. Host. Notifies Mr. Host of receipt and acceptance by Presi- dent of Mr. Hosts resignation. Infers that Mr. Fearns letter of resignation accompanied original of P. A. Hosts. States dates and amounts or remit- tances sent on account of salary asid requests Mr. Host, after retaining amount due him to May 28 (date of resignation) to place remainder to credit of State Department with Fraser, Trenhoim & Co. Learns that Garibaldi has declared his intention of offering his services to the Yankees, as soon as he is restored to liberty and his woundsare healed. States he is an utterly fallen hero, and is ready to catch at any hope to retrieve himself. 54 527 527 533 529 534 537 543 544 53 Page 55 LIST OF PAPERS. 55 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. P. A. Rost, Paris, To State De- Sept. 28 partment. John Slidell, Paris, to State Do- Sept. 28 partment. (No. 14.) I)o L. HeyligerNassan, to governor of Bahamas C. J. Bayley, Nassau, New Providence. Colonial secretary, Nassau, to L. Heyliger. S. N. Stewart, agent for Con- federate States, Halifax, to owner of Schooner Lone Star. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Sept. 29 (No. 15.) Oct. 2 do Oct. 4 Oct. 7 (No. 25.) John Slidell, Paris, to State De- Oct. 9 partment. (No. 16.) L. Hevllger, Nassau, New Prov- Oct. 13 ideuce, to State Department. A. 1)udley Mann, Brussels, to Oct. 14 State Department. (No. 26.) Hopes resignation of P. A. Rost, handed State Depart- partment by Mr. Fearn has been accepted by Presi- dent. Resignation due to stale of health and con- viction that commissioner Is not needed in Spain until Confederate States are recognized in London and Paris. Also desires to he near borne when New Orleans is again taken by Confederate States to take charge of house and plantation seized by General Butler. Sn g~sts Mr. Edwin de Leon for commis- sioner to M~ad rid after recognition of Confederate State hy England and France. Mrs. Benjamin and daughters are in Paris. Testimonial in favor of Henry Cook, of London, who wishes to present to Confederate States Government propositions for laying telegraphic cables on coast. of Confederate States to establish communication with Europe. Reports conversation with Earl of Shaftesbury who is in sym thy with the South and feels confident that recognition hy England is close at hand. He sug- gests that President Davis disclaim any purpose of aggression or conq nest and pronounce principles of free trade. Mr. Slidell has received offer from a banking house of Paris of loans if satisfactory terms can he agreed upon. Arrangement of similar char- acter has been made in London. Emperor is ex- pected on Oct. 4 or 5, when interview will be asked for; if refused, a formal call will be made on Mr. Thouvenel for response to letter of July 21. Count do Persigny has not until now spoken confidently of early recognition. Informs governor of Nassau that L. Heyliger is au- thorized representative of Confederate States of America Acknowledges by direction of governdr, letter of Oct. 2. Same will 1)0 forwarded to His Majestys see, of state. His excellency will be happy to receive any unofficial representations in his private and per- sonal capacity. Guarantees owner against all loss, detention or damage seizure or capture by enemies of Confederacy, on voyage from Halifax to Baltimore and back to Ilali- fax, cargo to be disposed of at Baltimore. Gives extracts from a letter, addressed to the President of the United States from the Social Science Congress of all Nations which met in Brussels Sept. 7, which related to a suspension of hostilities uni lithe differ- ences of the two factions could be adjusted, with the view of peace to be arranged between the Norib and South. The King of Italy has granted amnesty to Garibaldi and his followers. Having received a letter from Earl Shaftesbury stating his helief that recognition of Conibderate State is close at hand, John S lidell asked through a friend for interview with Mr. Thouvenel which he could not grant on account of having fixed an inter- view with Mr. Dayton, but sent message that noth- ing would be definitely decided until return of Em- peror from Biarritz on 8th inst t. Note from Mr. Persigney states Emperor wishes to recognize Soul h and is making efforts forgeneral recognitiosi through- out Europe. Cabinet council will beheld to-morrow but it is probable Italian question will take prece- dence of Confederate Statesat flrstmeeting ofeabinet. hears that English will also meet to-morrow and question of recosuition will be disposed of. Hopes Emperor will dispense with cooperation of Ene- land. Transmits papers on improvements in artil- lery and breech-loading firearms at request of Mr. Claxton, one of the inventors. Encloses copy of correspondence with governor of Itahama Is lads. Gives date concerning cargoes of different vessels. Wilkes, of Trout notoriety, landed dispatches here a few days ago for Federal consul. Transmits copy of note sent Mr. Rogier, minister of foreign attain. Believes Lincoln government has not yet secured good will of King Leopold. Men- tions hostility to Confederate States of lIndepesi- dance Belgo but thiisk a occasional truths which it reveals serves cause of Confederate States more than its glaringly false statements. 544 545 546 548 548 549 549 551 552 55 Page 56 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Gonid. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. State Department to John Sli- Oct. 17 deli. (No. 7.) Pope Pius IX to Archbishop Oct. 18 of New York. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. lJohn Slidell, Paris, to Stat Department. Oct. 18 (No.27.) Oct. 20 (No.17.) C. J. Helm to State Depart- Oct. 23 ment. (No. 15.) Henry Hotse, London, to State Oct. 24 Department. (No. 13.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Do Oct. .24 (No. 28.) Oct. 26 (No. 29.) John Slidell, Paris, to State Oct. 28 Department. (No. 18.) Oct. 31 Transmits copies of letters I received from Governor Lubbock and Senator Oldham of Texas, relative to alleged attempts of French dovernment, through its consular agents, to effect withdrawal of Texas from Confederacy. Possibly consul may have acted without instructions from his Government. Mr. Slidell is requested to investigate and may, if deemed advisable, make known the facts to Govern- ~nent of Great Britain. Deplores state of war in America and urges prayers for peace and that j~eople be exhort~ to charity and conciliation. Sims ar letter has been written to Archbishop of New Orleans. Acknowledges receipt of two dispatches, and that he expects to leave immediately for Copenhagen in obedience to instructions just received. Nothing definite to report regarding Emperors inten- tions. Italian question has absorbed attention of Government. Mr. Thouvenel has resigned; is suc- ceeded by Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys. Persigny and Fould have been induced to withdraw their resigna- tions. Is less hopeful ofjoint recognition by England and France. Mr. Thouvenel, surprised by Lord Cowley s statement that his Government has no official knowledge of Emperors views, stated that there had been discussion between the two countries re recognition, and England was not as well disposed to act as France; object of France was to bring about an armistice. Las been promised an inter- view with Emperor as soon as Italian question sub- sides. Mr. de Lhuys is said to be favorable to cause of Confederate States. Encloses a copy of a note to Hon. J. M. Mason concern- ing the outrage committed by the Federal cruiser Montgomery in burning the British steamer Blanche in the harbor of Marianao. Regrets to inform the Department of the retirement of General Serrano from Cuba in a few weeks. Reports political affairs in England indicate favorable change toward recognition of Confederate States and pressure of public opinion may force it in Febru- ary. Has been informed that Democrats in New York are organized into a peace party. No hope of independent action from France. Emperor is anx- ious for recognition but people are either indifferent or friendly to North. Business circles in London have news of a resolution b Confederate States Congress offering 1,000,000 ba~es cotton to bepur. chased or impressed by the Government. Federal emancipation decree has been received by English press favorably to Confederate S a es. Richmond papershavedoneharm by producing impression that South was terrified at prospective execution of de- cree. Has succeeded, by articles in Index, in remov- ing this impression. Objects to comments by Mr. Spence favoring emancipation. Reports arrival in Copenhagen, and had an interview with the minister of foreign affairs on the subject of the convention entered into between the United States and Denmark concerning negroes captured aboard slavers that were native Africans. His statements and representatiens were satisfactory concerning same. Reports arrival in Hamburg, from Copenhagen, wbere his mission was a complete success; the result of the Interview with the minister of affairs amounting virtisally to an acknowledgment by the Danish Government of our existence as an independent power of the earth. Forwards propositions made by Messrs. Erlanger & Co., of Paris, for securing large loan for Confederate States. Recommends propositions to consideration of Government. Is preparing notes of interview with Emperor and minister of foreign affairs. P. 5. to above. Has Justlearned that aletter is pre- ~ aring for Mr. Mercier at allaires etrangeres directing to notify Washington Government that longer continuance of war is incompatible with humanity and interests of world and refusal to stop it will lead to intervention. Not found. 56 556 559 5C0 560 562 565 563 567 568 56 Page 57 LIST OF PAPERS. 57 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contcl. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. John Slidell, Paris, to State Department. State Department to John Slidell. State Department to Mr. George Sanders, Richmond, Va. 1862. Oct. 28 (No. 19.) Oct. 28 (No. 8.) Oct. 28 State Department to James M. Oct. 28 Mason. (No. 8.) J. M. Mason, London, to State Oct. 30 Department. (No. 18.) State Department to John Slidell. State Department to James M. Mason. Oct. 30 (No.9.) Oct. 31 (No. 9.) Gives account of interview with Mr. Dronyn de Lhuys and encloses memorandum of interview with the Emperor sit St. Cloud, Oct. 28, 1862; Em. perors expression of entire sympathy with South and his personal preference for proposition of armi- stice of 6 month~, with Southern ports o n toworid. letter from Ring of Belgians was shown Mr. Slidell urgingefforts on part of France, England, and Russia to put end to war; his wishes for success of French arms in Mexico and establishment under their pro- tection of stable governsncnt there. Mr. Slidell ststed to Emperor advantages to France of cordial alliance with Confederate States; discussion regard- ing successive victories; Northern congressional elections and their effect on Democratic Party. Interview was highly gratifying. New arrangement I or communication with Europe will be explained to Mr. Slidell by Mr. Mason. Dis- patch No. lOreporting interviews with French Em- peror and Mr. Thouvenel received. Conference on same with President is desired before answering them. President is engaged in military matters and endeavoring to repair evils resulting from failure of Kentucky campaign, the only gain having been the capture of a large amount of supplies. Authorizes George Sanders to make contract in be- half of Confederate States Government with Messrs. B. Wier & Co., of Halifax, for conveyance of dis- patches and light parcels between Richmond and Europe. Announces terms of contract. Above returned by Mr. Sanders and canceled by order of the Secretary, Dec. 8, 1862. L. Q. Washington, C. C. Notes receipt of dispatches Nos. 14 to 17. 14 and ii, accompanied by others of equal bulk from Mr. SII- dell, were too voluminous for conference with Presi- dent as yet; reply will be made later. Arrangements for facilitating intercourse will be explained in detail by bearer of this dispatch, Mr. George Sanders. Encloses communication from Secretary-Treasurer on subject of a loan based on cotton certificates. Business has been confided to Mr. Spence, for whom aid and cooperation are asked. President approves Mr. Masons cosiduct in making necessary arrange- ments for success of Captain Sinclair for building a ship, also for remaining in England notwithstanding the discourteous treatment received. Comments on contrast between polished courtesy of Mr. Thou- vend and rude incivility of Earl Russell. Reports killing of Acting Midshipman Andrews, com- manding C. S. S. Sumter, by man named Hester, who was master; Hesters arrest and vindication of action on ground that Andrews had expressed deter- mination to give Sumter up to U. S. S. Supply; his req nest that he be restored to jurisdiction of Con- fe crate States, fearing result of trial by British au- thorities; placing of Lieutenant Chapman in com- mand, with instructions to make full inquiry and report, which will be transmitted to Secretary of Navy when received and measures cakesi to have sale of Sumter made by Captain Bulloch, reserving armament, etc. President Davis approves comm~nications made to French Government by Mr. Slidell, but does not commit himself to proposal in unsigned memoran- dum accompanying dispatch No. 10, which requires mature deliberation. Since French Government did not accept it, the subject need not he entered at present. Encloses copy of Richmossd Enquirer con- taining news from New York, over which city of Richmond is greatly exercised. Requests renewal of efforts to obtain permission for transmission of correspondence by French vessels of war that touch Confederate States ports. Presents Presidents views in relation to discourteous and unfriendly attitude assumed by British cabinet in correspondence between Mr. Mason and Earl Russehl,and desires that formal protest be addressed to Earl Russell on the part of Confederate States Government against pretension of British cabinet to change doctrine of blockades. President believes 572 579 79 581 582 583 58 Page 58 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. State Department to James Oct. 31 M. Mason. (No. 9.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Nov. 1 ment. (No. 30.) Do Nov. 2 (No. 31.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Nov. 4 Department. (No. 19.) J. M. Mason, London, to State 1)epartment. Nov. 4 State Department to James hi. Nov. 5 Mason. (No. 10.) James hi. Mason, London, to Nov. 7 State Department. (No. 20.) Henry Hoize, 1.ondon, to State Nov. 7 1)epartment. (No. 14.) 3. M. Mason, London, to state Nov. Department. 8 John Slidell, Paris, to State I)e- Nov. 11 partment. (No. 20.) refusal of personal interview due to a p prehension by Earl Russell of displeasure of United States as in case of Mr. Masons predecessors. President deems it best that Mr. Mason remain at post until further instructions. States on hisreturn to Brussels he heard the news that Garibaldis health has improved1 and that he sent Colonel Cattabene, one of his lieutenants, to the United States with 2,000 volunteers. Hears Victor Emmanuel connived at thisprocedurewbich isa fla- grant violation of the principles of neutrality. King Otho has been deprived of his crown hy the Greeks, and his restoration will not be espoused by any one of the three protecting powers. Reports his return to Brussels and gives extracts from a letter from a correspondent at Nicaragua, dated September 2, 1862, concerning the state of feeling in Nicaragua toward the North. Reports interview with W. S. Lindsay concerning raising of money by issuing bonds by Confederate Government for future delivery of cotton and en- closes correspondence of Mr. Lindsay, together with forms of bond and cotton certificate. Encloses also letter of Mr. Lindsay referring to plan of direct inter- course by steam between Europe and Confederate States at ports of Norfolk and New Orleans by French Compagnie C6n6rale Transatlantique, Paris. (UnotliciaL) Has strong reason to believe that after recognition when negotiation of treaty of Unity and commerce comes British Government will require as an indispensable condition a clause stipulating against African slave trade. States reasons for this belief and desires that same be unofficially brought to notice of President. incloses copy of memorandum received by the Presi- dent showing that the British cabinet, late in Janu- ary, addressed the different powers of Europe on subject of stone fleet and hlockade and received unanimous response that hiockade was ineltective. Requests Mr. Mason to ascertain if such correspond- ence actually took place and if so to procure copies of dispatches. Nothing new to report concerning recognition and blockade. Pnh~c judgment favorably impressed toward Confederate States by events at N orth and operations of armies, even emancipation proclama- tion met with contempt. Cotton fanilne increases in manufacturing districts. Sees and hears nothing offictally or unofficially from British C oversument but thinks presence of representative of Confederate States Government necessary, hence does not advise terminating mission. Cabinet council called for Oct. 23, but not held. Assiunes that cabinet is still divided regarding Amer. lean policy. Mentions rumor of proposal by French Emperor to En~lisls asid Russian C overuments re- garding mediation or recogisition of Confederate States. Mr. Mason advises that pledges on subject of African slave trade will he inevitable condition of recognition by England. Directs attention to im- portance of work accomplished through the Index and necessity for funds. (Unofficial.) Confirms statement that French Em- peror has made proposal to England and Riussia that the three powers unite in endeavor to secure armis- tice for 6 months and removal of blockade as part of armistice it is asserted that Russia has assented to proposal. Erlancer & Co. have 3 agents on way to Richmond in rela(ion to proposals for loan. Has learned that Mr. Mercier was directed by Emperor to give Lincoln Government to understand that further war must lead to recognition of Cosifederate States, possibly to direct interventiosi also learned that circular dis- patch sent to all 1~uropean powers excepting Russia and England inviting cooperation in appeal to C overuments at Richmomsd and Washington to consent to armistice. Ilelieves invitations to Eng- land and Russia presented in different form and that France will act without their consent if same is with- held. Mr. de Lhuys declines allowing dispatch to be sent through Mr. Mercier. 58 588 589 590 597 599 600 601 602 60 Page 59 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Den. W. hart, Nassau, New Providence, to State Depart- meut. State Department to Lucius Q. C. Lamar, commissioner to Rtissia. A. D. Mann to State Depart- Nov. 21 moist. (No.32.) State Department to War De- partmeat,chief of utter bureau. lienry Hotre, London, to State Department. J. Slidell to State Department.. Nov. 29 (No. 21.) A. B. Mann to State Depart- Nov. 29 ment. (No.33.) Geo. N. Sanders, Richmond, to Dec. State I)epartment. A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to Dec. 9 State Department. (No. 34.) State I)epartment to Baron J)urant St. Andre. J. M. Mason, London, to State I)epartinent. Do Dec. 10 (No. 22.) Do Date. Subject. Page. 1862. Nov. 17 Is given power of attorney by Messrs. S. Isaac C& mphell 605 & Co.to arrange withConfederate States Government to supply equipments for force of 100,000 usen, pay- able partly in cash and partly in cotton, also to ar- range forsettlernent of balanc~ due on previous trans- actions. Nov. 19 Transmits L. Q. C. Lamars commission as envoy ex- 606 traordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Russia with letters of credence to his Imperial Majesty. Gives reasons for delay of Confederate C overnmeist in approaching Government of Russia and instruc- tions relating to duties. It isdesirahlethat conference be held with Messrs Mason and Slidell on way to seat of mission in order that conditiosa of allaits in Europe may be known. Hears that King Leopold had written an autograph to 608 Louis Napoleon asking him to recognize the Confed- erate States and to use his inlluence to hasten the termination of the war between the North and time South. Later the Eniperor addressed a note to C reat Britain and Russiato unite with him in proposing an armistice; but Great Britain and Russia declined to Comply. Nov. 21 Incloses papers received from commissioner of Con- 610 federate States at Paris containing particulars of recent invesation for productioss of saltpeter. Nov. 22 Transmits copy of Index of Nov. 20 coutaissing text of 610 (No. 15.) Emperors invitation and replies thereto of Lisgiand and Russia to join him in propo& ing to American belligerentsanarsnistiee by land aisd sea for 6months. Is convinced that preinattire agitatioss has injured French proposal in public opinion. States opinions relative to politics in England, and requests larger remittances for support of Index. States he has lately seen the Duke de Morny and M. 612 Rouher, who seem thoroughly well disposed toward our cause. They desire(l to know al)out the house of Behlot des Miiiitres, and tIme contract made with the War Departmeiit and that firm concenmiisg the transportation of cotton to Matamoras in retursa for merchandise delivered. Reports his return 1mm a visit to London, and regrets 613 he was not commissioned as nn envoy extraordiisary and minister plenipotentiary to Br& ssels, instead 6f being only a joust commissioner to time minister of foreign affairs, as his services tim the former positioss could be of much more importaisce. 8 Submits terms upon which delivery of dispatches ar- 614 riving at Halifax from Europe xviii be made; his son, Lewis Sanders, to be appointed as dispatch agent at Halifax at salary of. 100 per month. Transmits copy of statement sent Captain Bulloch 614 relative toA merican s-easels at Antwerp and their cargoes, of which contraband of war forms a large item. Calls attention to efforts of Austrian Gov- ernment to render gian cotton a reliable substitute for gunpowder. Encloses extract from German journal explanatory of process. Dec. 9 Departmeimt has issued iso exequatur in favor of Baron 616 St. Andreas French consulatCh leston. Requests explanations on subject. J)ec. 10 Referring to No. 18: Full report is received from Lieu- 616 (No. 21). tenant Chapman givimsg true cause of murder of Mid- shipman Andraws by Hester. Has decided with Mr. Slidell thatmatterof trial had better beleft with British authorities and directed Lieutenant Chap- man to provide omeans for isis defense, as Hester was a petty officer in Navy. Sumter has been sol(l an(l Uoceeds will be turned over to Captain Bislioch y. Requests this dispatch communicated to Secretary of Navy. Referrifag to No. 19: Matter of raising money for Con- 617 federate Government has been given to Mr. Spence, who is to act in consultation syith house of Fraser, Trenhoim & Co., of Liverpool. Suggests that a definite mode be prescribed for manags.emment of all money operations in England. Dec. 11 No government action me Confederate States except 618 (No. 2.3.) refusal of ministry to proposal of France regarding armistice. Cotton famine increasing. Government must come to aid ~o keep off starvation. Same xviii be a potent argument to come before Parliament i Page 60 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondeEce with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. 3. M. Mason, London, State Department. State Department Mason, London. to 3. M. State Department to John Slidell, Paris. L. Heyliger, Nassau, New Providence, to State Depart- ment. Date. 1862. to Dec. 11 (No. 23.) Dec. 11 (No. 11.) Dec. 11 (No. 10.) Dec. 12 Geo. N. Sanders, Richmond, to Dec. 13 State Department. State Department to Major Reid Sanders. L. Heyliger, Nassau New Providence, to State bepart. meat. .do Do Dec. 15 C. 3. Helm to State Department. Dec. 18 (No. 16.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Dec. 18 meat. (No. 35.) Henry Hotze, London, to State Dec. 20 Department. (No. 16.) Suhjcct. Fehroary support of relief that end of war would give. Mentions Earl Russells reply to Liverpool merchants who asked him for redress for property destroyed by the Alabama. Learns that Mr. Mercier expects favorable effects from Emperors proposition. Correspondence hetween cabinets of Great Britain, France, and Russia indicates that recognition of Confederate States, which is fast approaching, most he followed by a speedy peace. Instructions of Gov- ernment of Confederate States on subject of com- mercial relations of the Confederacy and effects which will he produced by peace are transmitted with request that copy be furnished to her Britannic Majestys secretary of state for foreign affairs. Instructions similar to above transmitted, directing that copy he furnished Mr. Drouyn de Lhoys at earliest moment. Data relating to dispatches and transmittal of same; Government property at Bermuda and scarcity of steamers to transship it to Confederate States; detention by sickness and storm of S. G. Porter, government agent at Bermuda; data regarding the Antonica, Pearl and Eagle, Thistle and others. Has assurance that Federal cruisers have instruc- tions from their Navy Department not to molest vessels bonnd from a neutral to a neutral port. Will take long safe route, via Matainoras, leaving Dec. 14. Requests that son, Major Reid Sanders, be allowbd to take short route, via Charleston, S. C., to London at fathers expense to further construc- tion of iron-plated vessels; also to expedite dispatch boats nnder contract with Department. Notifies Major Sanders that furlough of 90 days is granted in order to enable him to go to Europe, thence to Halifax, for purpose of aiding his father, Geo N Sanders to effect contract for delivery of dispatches. Furiough begins on 14th instant. Has had access to a New York letter of Nov. 26, which says: Attack on Charleston will be made about the holidays by 4 jronclads. This news has not got into the papers. Requests that War and Navy De- partments be informed of above. 3 British ships of war have been sent to Charleston to watch proceedings.. Has learned again attack is to be made in Christmas week. British frigates Immortalitd and Orlando are stationed at Mats. moras, and Rinaldo and Vesuvius at New Orleans. Gives an acconnt of his interview with the new Cap- tain-General Dulce, who received him kindly. In his farewell talk with General Serrano, he told him he would do all he could as a high official of the Spanish Government to have the Government of the Confederacy at Spain recognized. Learns that theproposal of the French for an armistice has beenreceived lathe United States with unquali- fied disfavor. If the honesteounsels of King Leopold had prevailed anti beessaccepted by Louis Napoleon, we might have gone into winter quarters and from thence never emerge, to enter the battle field again. Belgium could not press the question, as she has no navy or army and the United States will take advantage of th~~ and threaten her for her sugges- tions. Brief summary of diplomatic correspondence of Wash- ington Government is given in the Telegraph to-day. insulting tone of Mr .Seward and his ministers dis- patches will doubtless give rise to indignant com- ments by press. Hopes Parliament wil I give them attention. Prospects of Tory party coming into power improving. Sees hut little hope for Con- federate States from advent of that party. Distress in Lancashire not progressing; many mills reopened, still believes ministry will propose to Parliament a national loan for relief of distress and proposal will be critical point of Parliamentary discussion on question of recognition of Confederate States. Pub- lication of diary of Russell, Times correspondent likely to affect public opinion unfavorably toward Confederate States. Encloses letter to Mr. Mason stating need for funds and letter from Mr. de Leon transmitting 250 for support of Index during next two or three months. 60 Page. 619 625 625 627 627 027 628 628 629 63 Page 61 LIST OF PAPERS. 61 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1862)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1862. L. Heyliger, Nassau, to State Dec. 21 States that British Government has made formal 633 Department, demand for recall of Admiral Wilkes. Admiral Mime left for Bermuda Dec. 19 to learn there decision of Federal Government. John Slidell, Paris, to State De- Dec. 27 Has letter from Mr. Heyliger suggesting1 by request of 634 partment. (No. 22.) State Department, propriety of sending dispatches to him to be forwarded. This will be done. In interview Nov.21 with Mr. de Lhuys attention was called to sweeping proclamations of confiscation of General Butler,and it was suggested that inhabitants of Louisiana may be entitled to claim from France vindication of rights secured to them by treaty of cession. Mr. Blondel, Belgian minister at Wash- ington, informs Mr. Slidell that his King is in favor of recognition, also the Prince of Wales. News of Burnsides heavy losses arrives most opportunely, as chambers meet on 12th, and Emperor in opening speech willrefer to the American question. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863). From and to whom. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. L. Ileyliger to State Depart- ment. J. Slidell to State Department.. 5. 1. Campbell & Co. to State Department. Do 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. Do Do Do State Department to 3. M. Mason. Do.. Date. 1863. Jan. 5 (No. 36.) Jan. 10 Jan. 11 (No. 23.) Jan. 13 do. - - Jan. 11 (No. 24.) Jan. 14 (No. 25.) .... do.. - - Jan. 15 (No. 26.) Jan. 15 Jan. 15 (No. 12.) Do 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. State Department to J. Slidell.. State Departasent to E. de Leon. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. State Department to H. Hotze. - Ii. llotze to State Department.. State Department to A. D. Mann. Jan. 15 (No. 13.) Jan. 15 (No. 27.) Jan. 15 Jan. 16 (No. 3.) Jan. 16 (No. 37.) Jan. 16 (No. 3.) Jan. 17 (No. 17.) Jan. 17 (No. 7.) Subject. Encloses letter to M. Rogier, which asks for recognition of the independence of the Confederate States of America from the Kingdom of Belgium. Gives date of ships sailing from Nassau, New Provi- dence, for Charleston with valuable cargoes for the Confederacy. Comments on dismissal of French consular agents at Richmond, Va., and Galveston, Tex., and encloses memorandum to be submitted to His Imperial Maj- esty hy M. Mocquarci, in regard to recognition of the Confederacy by foreign powers. Requests the payment of 600,000 for military supplies furnished to the Confederate States Government. Urgent request for money for supplies furnished to the Confederacy. Encloses copy of a communication addressed to Earl Russell of Jan. 3 concerning the principle of the law of blockade. Gives an account of his activities and work in London. Acknowledges receipt of dispatches, referring to a new invention of gunpowder and a counterfeit issue of Confederate Treasury notes. Acknowledges receipt of drafts for Confederate agents abroad. Concerns reports of the reestablishment of the slave trade by the Confederacy. Commends his discretion as to his actions in case of the crime committed on C. S. S. Sumter, and gives in- formation about sale of cotton bonds in Europe, and other important matters. Gives advice on the subject of false rumors of the resumption of the slave trade by the Confederacy. Discusses recognition of the Confederacy by Great Britain, in view of success of Confederate States Army at Fredericksburg on Dec. 13, 1862. Gives details of a loan from Erlanger & Co. on cotton. Comments on the continued refusal of Europe to give recognition to the Confederacy, and sends 1,000 for secret-service work. States if France would recognize the Confederacy, the other powers of Europe would follow their lead. Gives instructions as tohis services in using thepressof Great Britain to aid the Confederate cause. Acknowledges receipt of money for salary and allow- ances, and reports details of his work in England. Announcesthe satisfaction of the President as to result of mission to Demnark and comments on the subject of recognition of the Confederacy iu Europe. Page. 635 638 638 641 642 643 645 646 647 648 648 651 653 654 657 657 659 661 66 Page 62 LIST 01? PAPERS. State Departm~ent correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. l)ate. Subject. Page. State Department to 11. Cook. - - J. Slidell to State Department.. State Department to C. C. Clay. C. J. Ilesm to State Department. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. State I)epartment to B. W. Hart. J. Sildell to State Department.. 3. l~l. Mason to State Depart- ment. G. Moore to State Department-. 3. Slidell to E. A. Thouvenel. -. F. Berthemy to J. Slidell 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. 21 (No. 24.) Jan. 22 Jan. 26 (No. 17.) Jan. 29 (No. 38.) Jan. 29 Jan. 29 (No. 25.) Jan. 31 (No. 28.) Feb. 2 Feb. 3 do... Feb. 5 (No.29.) State Department to 3. M. Feb. 6 Mason. (No. 14.) L. Heyliger to State Depart- ment. 3. Slidell to State DepartmenL. State Department to J. Slidell.. State I)epartment to 3. 111.. Mason. 3. M. Mason to State Depart. ment. Earl Russell to J. M. Mason.... Feb. 6 Feb. 6 (No. 26.) Feb. 7 (No. 13.) Feb. 7 (No. 15.) Feb. 9 (No. 30.) Feb. 10 A. D. Mann to State Depart- Feb. 10 ment. (No.39.) J. Slidell to State Department.. 11. Hotze to State Department.. C. 3. Helm to State Department. 3. M. Mason to Earl Russell. - - - Earl Russell to 3. M.M.on.... Feb. 12 (No. 27.) Feb. 14 (No.18.) Feb. 14 (No. 18.) Feb. 16 - - .do Replies as to a concession for exclusive privilege of laying telegraph cables to establish communication between the Confederates States and Europe. Encloses atranslation of the French Emperors address at the opening of the chambers. Gives suggestions for a proposed seal for the Con- federate States. Reports thearrival of C. S. S. Florida in havana, Jan. 20; coaled and left Jan.21 for sea, where she captured and destroyed 7 Federal ships. Reports that King leopold renewed his exertions, with increased energy, to procure European recogni- tion of the Confederate States. Regrets delay in remittances and will send 75,000 to-morrow morning in paysnent of his claim. Forwards copies of certain letters from minister of marine in relation to shipments to Matamoras, to be there exchanged for cotton. Invites the attention of the Confederate States Govern- ment to facilitate themovement of cotton to Mata- moras, to be there exchanged for foreign goods. Acknowledges dispatch informing him of dispersion of bbookading squadron oil Charleston Harbor, S. C. Requests the honor of a visit to M. Thouvenel at a time and place that would he agreeable. Announces M. Thouvenel wtll be pleased to see Mr. Slidell on next Friday, Feb. 7. Reports two transactions in cottoss for account of the War Department to provide payment for necessary supplies. Gives account of his work generally in England on various matters. Requests certain books of reference not procurable in England and sends list of captured enemy vessels of war. Also encloses circular to consuls of foreign powers. Transmits protest of S. Ilaymana and D. 0. Sabiston relative to schooner Ilarkaway, captured and con- demned, and enclosures. Concerns a plan to introduce negroes from the United S tes into Martiuique. Discisases sending a Confed- erate agent to Spain Communicates the breaking of the blockade at several Sovithern ports, and encloses extract of letter from a professor of University of Virginia, concerning his interview with the Emperor of France 3 years ago. Regrets Mr. M- -oss was unable to take charge of Hester Or to send him to the Confederacy for trial. Gives an account of Queens speech in Parliament in reference to recognition of the Confederacy by England. Acknowledges receipt of January letter referring to July 7ths communication respecting the interpreta- tion placed by her Majestys Government with re- gard to blockade, appended t~ the treaty of Paris. Reports his note to M. Rogier of Jan. 5 received most respectful consideration from King Leopolds Gox- eminent, and engaged the deliberations of the cabi- net for more than a month. It was finally decided that Belgium could not recognize us until the great western powers had undertaken to do so. France insisted upon the policy of mediation, while Lord Palmerston feared to advise recognition because it might cost him his official position. Is confident Patmersion and Gladstone favor our cause, while Earl Derby and Disraeli oppose us Comments on the loss of certain dispatches sent b~- Mr. Sanders. Reports views of the English Conservative party on the subject of recognition of the Cosifederacy. Announces, at the request of Mr. Lamar, his safe ar- rival at Havana, and his departure for his post of duty in Europe. Asks the attention of her Majestys Government to the breaking of the blockade at (harleston, S. C., and Galveston~ Tex., and acknowledges receipt of letter of Feb. 10. Acknowledges receipt of letter calling attention to oecunenoes, as reported in public prints, at Charles- ton and Galveston. 62 666 666 668 670 670 671 672 (i74 674 674 675 675 677 679 683 684 686 687 688 089 090 691 690 694 69 Page 63 LIST OF PAPER$. 63 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (18S3)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1863. J. If. Mason to Earl Russell.... Feb. 18 Earl Russell to 3. If. Mason.... Feb. 19 State Department to L. Hey. liger. State Department to 3. M. Mason C. 3. Helm to State Departmesst. Feb. 21 Feb. 21 (No.16.) Feb. 24 (No.19.) Earl Russell to 3. M. Mason.... Feb. 27 A. D. Mann to State Depart- Feb. 27 ment. (No.40.) 3. M. Mason to Earl Russell... - Mar. 2 3. Slidell to Drouyn de Lhuys do J. Slidell to State Department.. Mar. 4 (No.28.) C. 3. helm to State Department. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. 1k Ilotze to State Department.. Mar. 6 (No.20.) Mar. 13 (No. 4L) Mar. 14 (No.19.) J. H. Mason to State Depart- Mar. 19 ment. (No.31.) L. Q. C. Lamar to State De- Mar. 20 partment. II. Itotze to State Department. - Mar. 21 (No.20.) L. Q. C. Lamar to State De- partment. I..von Gronint to State Depart- snent. 3. Slidell to State Department... State Department to 3. Slidell.. Mar. 21 .do Mar. 21 (No.29.) Mar. 24 (No.14.) Acknowledges letter relating to the declaration at Paris, which prescribed the law of blockade, and comments thereon. Wishes to delay the opinion of her Majestys Govern- ment on the subject ofthe blockade of Charleston and Galveston being broken, until further instructions from Lord Lyons. Gives opinion relative to certain protests made to State Department by Messrs. Haymann and Sabis- ton of schooner IlartEaway. Transmits correspondence with British consul on the subject of Hesters case. Transmits a copy of his note to Captain-General Ser- rano, now minister for foreign afTairs at Madrid, which he hopes willin some degree benefit his coun- try. Acknowledges letter of 18th instant on the subject of the declaration of the principle of blockade made in 1856 by the conference at Paris, and the interpreta- tion of her Majestys Government thereon. Acknowledges receipt of several dispatches, and states the Presidents message was received a while agoand read with much interest throughout Europe. Gives comments on Mr. Sewards dThpatch to Mr. Dayton, in reply to the last proposition of the French Go~vern- ment. Poland occupies the mind of Europe at present. Acknowledges his lordshipslettersand transmitscopv of a dispatch from the Confederate States Stafe Department. Invites the attention of the minister of foreign affairs to the breaking of the blockade of Charleston, WII. mintzton, and Galveston. Reports his interview with If. Drouvn de Lhuys on the subject of the breaking of the blockade of Wil- mington and Charleston, and details of a loan from Erlanger & Co. Reports sale of cotton from the Confederate States at Havana to the enemy instead of its being sent to the European markets. Reports that the chances of early recognition by Europe have not increased in the slightest degree, and gives latest news on the situation. Acknowledges dispatches and enclosures containing Treasury draft for the secret service fund and con- tingent expenses of this agency; and Treasury draft for stationery to be expended for the State Depart. ment. Will carefully carry out instructions for the disbursement of the secret service money. The po- litical situation of England presents but little of in- terest. Transmits letter from Earl Russell in reference to the raising of the blockade at Galveston and Charleston; no change on the subject of recognition as yet. Re- ports success of Erlanger loan, being largely sub- scribed for; and claims received for property de- stroyed by the Alabama from British citizens. Reports the state of public opinion in ~ngland and Europe as favorable to the sticcess of the South. Advises sending a Confederate commissioner to Prussia and Austria. Reports the prospectus of the Coisfederate loan was issued by Erlanger & Co. on the London Exchange on Mar. 18, and gives (letails concerning subscrip- tions to same. The Polish insurrection is riveting public interest. The condition of Ireland has sud- denly become disturbed, which report says is trace- able to the machinations of Federal agents, who are recruiting there for the Federal Arm y. Announces he is sending a confidential dispatch by a certain channel not named. Inquires whether Italian subjects will be indemnified for loss of pro p erty on board bark Lauraetta, which was destroyed by C. S. S. Alabama. Reports the Polish question engrosses the attention of the French Government to tlse exclusion of every- thing else. Sends a speech on the subject. Gives instructions as to assuring the French Emperor of the cordial sentiments of the President of the Con- federate States for his sympathy with the independ- ence of the Confederacy. 69~5 697 697 698 700 703 701 704 704 705 707 707 710 712 716 718 718 i20 720 72 Page 64 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department to the Attor- ney. General, Confederate States. State Department to 3. SlIdell... 1863. Mar. 25 Mar. 26 (No. 15.) State Department toY. M. Mason Mar. 27 (No. 17.) State Department to 3. B. Power. 3. M.Mason to State Department State Department to 3M. Mason 3. M.Mason to State Department State Department to H. Hotze.. State Department to 3. M. Mason Mar. 30 Mar. 30 (No.32.) Mar. 30 (No.18.) Mar. 30 (No.33.) Mar. 30 (No.4.) Mar. 31 (No.19.) 3. R. Hamilton to 3. SlIdell Apr. 2 3. A. Quintero to State Depart. ment. 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. 3. Sildell to State Department. State Department to 3. M. Mason. State Department to H. Hotze. 3. Slidell to State Department.. Do 3. M. Mason to E. Erlanger & Co. 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. Do State Department to 3. M. Mason. 3. M. Mason to State Depart- Earl Russell to G. Moore 3. Sildell to State Department. Apr. 9 Apr. 9 (No. 33.) cb~.3L) Apr. 14 (No.20.) Apr. 15 (No. 5.) Apr. 20 (No. 32.) Apr. 23 (No. 33.) Apr. 24 Apr. 27 (No. 34.) Apr. 27 Apr. 29 (No. 21.) Apr. 30 (No. 35.) May 2 (No. 5.) May 3 (No. 34.) Gives instructions in the ease of the General Rusk, and transmits papers for further action. Sends instructions to act as special commissioner of the Confederate States Government to the Court of Spain. Invites attention to the case of the General Rusk. Gives advices as to having vessels In England nearing completion transferred to France, if such a course becomes necessary, and to consult with Mr. Slidell on the matter. Requests a commission for Mr. H. Dowling be forwarded to him. Acknowledges letter of 23d instant, and will call the attention of Mr. Ould to the case of the prisoners taken on the prize vessel. Reports brilliant success of the Confederate loan, the subscription having reached nearly sixteen millions, and gives details concerning same. Acknowledges letters, and takes it for granted that nothing further can be done at present in vindication of the rights of the Confederacy. Gives the comments of the British Government on the capture of the Peterbolif by Commodore Wilkes. Commends his careful and discriminating review of the state of public sentiment and the movements of political parties in England, of which the President also approves. Wishes Mr. McHenry to be informed that his proposal for a line of mail steamers between Great Britain and the Confederacy is impossible to accept at present. Reports plans for arming Confederate gunboat pre- sented to Confederate States by Messrs. Fraser, Trenholm & Co., at Belle-lie, France. Reports a newly invented submarine vessel called the Ictineo and gives description of same. Reports the fluctuations of the Confederate loan which was much depressed before the Easter holidays, but Improved after the holidays very much. Supposed Federal agents were trying to discredit the loan in England. Encloses articles of agreement between 3. M. Mason and Erlanger & Co. Reports no change in the aspect of affairs in Paris and encloses extract of a letter from ex-governor of ken- tucky. Announces that Mr. S. Hope, charged with dispatches for the Secretary of State, was compelled to destroy them. Hopes soon to receive duplicates. Has nothing new to communicate, and hopes sta- tionery supplies can be forwarded Immediately. Reports still without intelligence of Mr. MeRac. Re- ceived a note from M. Mocquard giving news of the Virginia, which would probably enter a French port near St. Malo. Captaln Bulloch has signed provi- sionalcontract forbuilding 4 steamers of the Alabama class. Owners of ship make claluss for cargo on Lemuel Dyer, destroyed at New Orleans. Trans- mits memorandum concerning steamer Japan or Virginia. Transmits translation in relation to proeeedings before the tribunal of the Seine against Messrs. Erlanger & Co. Gives authority for the purchase of 500,000 of stock of 7 per cent cotton loan for account of the Govern- ment of the Confederate States of America. Reports the case of the Peterhoff has again been the subject of a debate in Parliament and gives details of same. Reports on the condition and prcepects of the Confed- erate loan. Sends the information that extensive enlistments are now in progress in Ireland of reensits forthe armies of the United States, and instructs Mr. Mason to call the attention of Earl Russell to this matter. Sends a model of an invention of a railroad and car withexplanatory papers, for Government inspection. Announces that arrangements are in progress for trans- ferring the prisoner Hester to Bermuda, and gives instructions concerning same. Transmits letter of M. Centrat and translation thereof, concerning the Erlanger & Co. affair. Gives an ac- count of his interview with M. 1)elangle, which was satisfactory. 64 725 726 728 729 730 731 732 733 733 734 735 735 738 740 741 741 744 749 749 751 753 714 756 71 Page 65 LIST OF PAPERS. 65 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. 1863. State Department to War IDe- May 7 partment. A. D. Mann to State Depart- May 8 ment. (No. 45.) H. 1{otze to State Department. State Department to 3. Slidell. - C. 7. Helm to State Department. 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. State Department to 3. M. Mason. State Department to the French consul at Richmond, Va. Ii. Ilotre to State Department.. Earl Russell to G. Moore State Department to A. D. Mann. 3. Slidell to State Department. - May 9 (No. 21.) May 9 (No. 16.) May 10 (No. 21.) May 11 (No. 36.) May 13 (No. 22.) May 13 May 14 (No. 22.) May 15 (No. 7.) May 15 (No. 8.) May 15 (No. 35.) J. M. Mason to State Depart- May 16 ment. (No. 37.) State Department to J. M. May 20 Mason. (No. 23.) State Department to J. Slidell.. State Department to Mr. A. Laren. May 2(1 (No. 17.) May 26 Inquires whether some general order may not be appro- priate to restrain the nsilitary authorities from usurp- trig powers which embarrass legitimate intercourse with foreign countries. Reports the King of Belgium will visit England shortly, and hopes he will influence her Majesty in behalf of recognition of the independence of the Con- federacy. Nothing to expect from the Emperor of the French now, in the way of recognition, as he is much concerned about the situation in Mexico. Reportsthe Confederate loan has en subject to alarm- ing fluctuations but has recovered however, to a certain extent, aithough somewhat d~ep ressed by the passage of Portersflotilla by the Vicksburg batteries. Comments on the Inertia of the public nsind on the subject of American affairs. Gives an account of the national angerin both houses of Parliament over the capture of the Peterhoff. Learns that the cabinet of Madrid has determined not to take any action to recognize the Confederacy until the policy of the English and French Governments has developed. Gives many reasons why Spain should recognize the independence of the Confederate States, and set an example to the other powers of Europe In so doing, and gives advice and instructions on the subject. Acknowledges dispatch withenclosure of two Treasury drafts. In relatlonto the sale ofcottoninulavanato northern buyers, it affords me pleasure to say such sales are of rare occurrence, with the exception of the cargo of the Alice. Knows of no collusion between any of our citizens and the enemy for the supply of cotton to the latter. Reports Mr. McRae not yet arrived. All disbursing officers are in arrears which involves their operations in great difficulties. Confederate loan closed at par. Transmits a correct design of the Confederate States flag and a copy of the act of Congress establishing it. Sends drawings of the Brooke gun to be placed at the disposal of isis Imperial Majesty for isispection. Acknowledges draft for 247 Sa. 3d. asid is deeply grate- ful for the kind and eneossraging Words expressed for his labors. Contemplates issuing a list of articles of foreign production, which the Confederate States are able to consume and pay for in nornial times. Effect of Vlcksburg news caused a depression of the loan. Regrets further delay In shipment of station- ery. Reports arrival of Mr. MeRac at Southampton, England. Announces H. B. M. ship Shannon left Gibraltar on May 5, with Mr. Hester, prisoner, on board for Bermuda. The President approves of his note to the cabinet of Brussels,maldng formal demand for recognition, and not disappointed in the result of the Ktssgs refusal to acknowledge our independence. Expresses sor- row over the death of General Jaekson. Reports order enjoining Erlanger & Co. to retain 1 000 francs in their hands to a tisfy any claim that Dupasseur, Lecoq Freres might establish against the Confederacy has been rescinded, and transmits enclosures concerning same. Reports arrival of Mr. MeRac in Paris. Tranasnitted letter of appointment to Mr. bowling, commercial agent at Cork. Nothing new in regard to public affairs. Hopes to send needed stationery in a few days. Informs him the President accorded his full approba- tion for his action in the nsatter of the bass; that Congress has passed a law establishing a seal for the Confederate States and gives details concerning same. Comments on the state of affairs in Europe and on a prospectus pf the Comnpagme Financiere Interna- tionale des Etats du Sud to do business in the South- ern States. Slates the crops throughout tlse Con- federacy are of the most promising character. Enquires as to his authority to act as French consul at Charleston, S. C., and wishes to know whether he comes in a private or official capacity. l7642922yoL 35 Page. 757 758 759 762 76.5 766 767 767 767 769 769 771 772 773 775 77 Page 66 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. J. Slidell to State Department.. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. State Department to J. Gorgas.. 1803. May 28 (No. 36.) May 28 (No. 48.) June 2 C. J. Helm to State Department. June 3 (No. 22.) J. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. June 4 (No. 38.) H. Hotze to State Department.. June 6 (No. 23.) State Department to J. M. Mason G. Moore to State Department.. J. E. Macfarland to State De- partment. G. Moore to State Department.. State Department to J. Slidell.. State Department to L. Q. C. Lamar. State Department to J. M. Ma- son. J. Slidell to State Department.. J. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. June 6 (No. 24.) June 6 - - .do.... June 9 June 10 (No. 18.) June 11 (No. 2.) June 11 (No. 25.) June 12 (No. 37.) June 12 (No. 39.) L. Heyliger to State Depart- June 12 ment. State Department to J. M. Mason June 12 (No. 26.) Discusses the withdrawal of Confederate commissioners from Europe. Gives details of a conversation with the Spanish ambassador at Paris, concerning recog- nition and the merits of our claim against Spain. Reports Messrs. Lafitte and Jackson called to propose a large loan to the Confederate States at 6 per cent, redeemable at a distant date. Reports the death of Stonewall Jackson on May 3, which caused great sorrow in the Confederacy and much sympathy in Europe. Announces the arrival of Lieutenant Davis, British Army, and three workmen from England, and en- qutres as to their disposal. Acknowledges receipt of dispatch in relation to the steamer General Rusk, and gives all the information he has on the suhject. The matter rests for the present. Will act prudently in the premises, when n essary. Reports his arrival in Paris to confer with Messrs. Lamar, Slidell, and McRae upon pending matters connected with the loan and the navalservice. Coin- ments on the alleged enlistment of recruits in Ire- land for the Federal Army, and gives details of same. Reports the shipment of stationery to Nassau through Fraser, Trenholm & Co.; unaccountable fluctuations in public opinion have occurred over the death of Jackson, expressing great sympathy for him: Mr. RoeThick gave notice in House of Commons, that he will make a motion June 39, praying her Majesty to enter into negotiations with the great powers of Europe for the purpose of obtaining their coopera- tion In the recognition of the independence of the Confederate States of North America. Transmits copies of papers concerning the revocation of the exeguatur of B nt ish Consul Moore, for his im- proper activities in the Confederate Slates. Acknowledging communication of June 5, transmit- ting the revocation of his exequatur. Reports the British Government was aware of Federal agents in Ireland, but that they did not openly re- cruit nlthois gb a number of young men had gone from Ireland to America whose passage had been paid. Transmits copies of 2 dispatches from Earl Risssell Comments on the unofficial informatioss received that Baron Durant St. Andul at Charleston, S. C., was exercising the functions of French consul there, with- out an exequatiir having been issued to him. Mr. Arthur Laren also performed functions of French consul at Charleston in the absence of Baron St. Audril, who was notified on June 3, he could not he permitted to do so, without the approval of tue Confederate Government. Encloses circular to foreign consuls. Informs him that the Senate adjourned without con- firming him as Commissioner to Russia, and gives reasons therefor. Sends further information concerning foreign consuls resident within the Confederacy, giving details of their activities. Transmits enclosures concerning recognition of the Confederacy by France. Reports he will bring supposed Federal enlistments in Ireland to Earl Russells attention as soon as he receives information from Mr. Dowling on the sub- ject. Sends duplicates of dispatches that had to be destroyed. Acknowledges receipt of letter describ- ing new flag and act o Con ress describing same. Hopes to get off stationery this date. Confederate loan seems solidly placed at last. Reports himself in possession of authenticated copies of all the declarations relative to the case of the Mar- garet and Jessie, which he will forward shortly to Mr. M~ on in London. Transmits copy of letter on the subject of the pris- oner Hester and gives instructions as to informing Earl Russell that the prisoner will be received at any Confederate port where he may be delivered, with other details on the subject. 66 777 779 781 781 782 783 786 792 792 792 792 796 796 802 804 805 80 Page 67 LIST OF PAPERS. 67 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1863. J. SlIdell to State Department. - June 12 (No. 37.) 3. Gorgas to State Department.. June 15 J. Slidell to J. M. Mason June 18 J. M. Mason to State Depart- June 20 ment. (No.40.) 3. Slidell to State Department.. June 21 (No. 38.) State Department to 3. If. Mason. State Departnient to J. Slidell.. L. Heyliger to State Depart- ment. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. J. Slidell to State Department. - June 22 (No. 27.) June 22 (No. 19.) June 24 June 25 (No. 51.) June 25 (No. 39.) State Department to 3. M. June 29 Mason. (No. 28.) 3. M. Mason to State Depart- July 2 ment. (No. 41.) State Department to 3. L. July 3 Capston. Reports Mr. Lafitre informed him that a loan in Lon- don had been abandoned for the present, till more favorable news from Confederacy. Gives an ac- count of council that met in Paris to consiilt about the financial situation. Encloscs a note to the Em- peror of France on the subject of recognition. Encloses extract of letter from N. S. Walker, to u-hich he calls attention. Reports an interview with the Emperor of France, in which he contradicted the report that he was un- willing to recognize the Confederacy, and gives de- tails of the conversation. Sends dispatclses by private messenger to Bermuda or Nassau, giving details of various activities, and reports that a meeting will be arranged between the Emperor and Messrs. Slidell and Lindsay to impress upon him the importance that he should formally invite England to unite with France in an act of recognition. Sends a memorandum of his interview with the Em- peror of France. Calls attention to a ssote giving the result of the deliberation of the council ot mirnstcrs respecting the communication to be addressed to time British Government. Calls attentioss also to great embarrassment produced by the employment of severalagents to make purchases for the War Depart- ment with conflicting instructions and ill-defined powers. Regrets 3 letters were not received, as they contained materialf or reference to a last appeal on the subject of the blockade. Gives orders forfuture shipments through Government agent at Nassau or Bermu(la, instead of through Fraser, Trenhoim & Co. Will send instructions as to the case of the Margaret and Jessie later. Thinks correspondence sent in closed British mailto Nassau or Bermuda is sale, and saves time in delivery. Acknowledges 3 letters and found Governor More-- heads letter very interesting. States newspapers give repeated instances of destruction of Roman Catholicehurches by New England soldiery. Com- ments on Mr. Adams diplomatic blunder at Court of London. and his apology to Earl Russell; and the success of -Sewards policy of intimidation toward England by threatening war. Awaits news of his trip to Madrid. Reports will make every effort to hurry oil the Alice or Fanny with dispatches this afternoon. Reports the motion for our recognition in the House of Commons is to be acted upon next Tuesday, and fears thereislittlechance of its being carried through. Comumenison the future development of the Repub- lic of the Confederate States and sees its success. Reports theinterview of Messrs. Roebuck and Lindsay with the Emperor at Fontainebleau was higlmly satis- factory, that the EmFeror was not only u-illing but anxious to recognize t me Confederacy with the coope- ration of England. Gives details of the changes in the French ministry. Mr. Lamar left Paris for St. Petersburg via London to-day. Sends copy of ap- peal in the suit against Erlanger & Co. Hears the crops of cereals mE urope promise to be most abund- ant, which will lessen profits to Northwest farmers in the United States. Acknowledges receipt of several dispatches; has no special news to communicate Gesseral Lee having carried hisoperations beyond tisereach of telegraphic wires. No books received as yet. Acknowledges a design of the new flag and copy of the act of Gongress ado ting it; also device for the new seal, and joint reso ution establishing it. Encloses circular concerning a monrunent to be erected in England to General Stonewall Jackson. Gives de- tails of the case of the Margaret and Jessie, fired osm by a United States vessel near Eleuthera. Reports latestnewsof England, and Spains attitude toward recognition. Gives instructions as to duty as a private and confi- dential agent, for the purpose of proceeding to Ire- land toenlighten the population as to the true nature of the contest waging between the North and the South, with the view of defeating efforts to obtain recruits in Ireland for the United States Army. 806 808 808 809 810 815 816 818 818 820 823 824 82 Page 68 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. II. IIotze to State Department.. 1863. July 4 (No. 24.) J. Slidell to State Department.. July (No. State Department to J. M. July Mason. (No. 6 40.) 6 29.) J. M. Mason to State Depart- July 10. ment. (No. 42.) II. Hotze to State Department.. July 11 (No. 25.) 7. Slidell to State Department.. Do July 11 (No. 41.) Jusly 19 (No. 42.) State Department to J. SIIIcll. - July 20 (No. 20.) L. Q. C. Lamar to State Depart- July 22 ment. Henry Hotze to State Depart- July 23 ment. (No. 26.) D. N. Ingraham to State De- partuneut. State Department to French consul at Richmond. Va- Aug. Aug. 3 4 State Department to J. 51. Aug. 4 Mason. (No. 30.) State Department to J. Slidell.. Aug. 4 (No. 21.) State Department to French Aug. 1 consul at Riebmend, Va. Reports details of the French Emperors efforts to pro- mote peace if England could be induced to join with him which caused much French opposition, so that the ~mperor changed his policy concerning media- tion. Transmits letter from Mr. Roebuck, concerning an interview he had with the French Emperor in regard to recognition otthe Confederacy. Gives his opinion of M r. D rouy n de Lhuys actions, and encloses note from M. Mocquard. Loans of money have come from several diflerent quarters, which is a favorable symptom of public opinion in Europe; will await Mr. McRaes return and submit these offers for his advice. Has noted what has been done in relation to the recruit- ing by the enemy, and is satisfied with Mr. Masons efforts in that respsct; but thinks it best to send two or three Irishmen, long residents of our country to act as far as they can in arresting these unlawfmsl acts of the enemy. Encloses copies of notes to Earl Russell. No further (lebate on Mr. Roebucks motion since my last com- snunication. It is expecteul Parliament willadjourn about the first week in August. Reports the present situation of the recognition of the Confederacy, with not much prospect of England joining in concert with France in the matter of recog- nizing the independence of the Confederate States. Transmits certain papers relating to a claim for dam- ages for the destruction of the ship Louisa Hatch by the C. S. S. Alabama. Gives further details of the issue of veracity between the Emperor of France and Mr. Roebuck on the stub- cot of recognition of the Confederacy; has not yet beard frosn Madrid, and reports the Polish question still engrosses the attention of Europe. Commends his conduct in the matter of the attempted attachment of funds in the hands of Erlanger & Co. and is gratified at the sympathy of the French Gov- ernment therefor. Awaits developments with in- terest concerning recognition bsst withllttle hope of action, by England. Acknowledges receipt of letter, advising him that the Senate failed to ratify his nomination as commuis- sioner to Russia, and thanks the President and Mr. Benjamin for their regrets on the subject. Hopes that his brief residence in Europe ha.s not been wholly frusitless. Reports general dismay and disappointment over the news of the fall of Vicksbusrg and the check sustained at Gettysburg, and shalinot neglect any opportunity for impressing upon the public the undiminished vitality of our cause. May have to exceed his allow- ance on account of his great expenses, in sending out certain puut)lications. Presents thanks for certain information sent from the French C overnosent. Acknowledges receipt of note on the subject of the to- bacco belonging to the Government of his Imperial Majesty, and gives Presidents isustructions as to having the tobacco forwarded to France. Announces his mission is at ass end in London, as the British Government entertains no intention of re- ceivisug an accredited minister from the Confederacy. The President is entirely satisfied with his conduct and his work in England. Announces Mr. Masons withdrawal from his mission to England. Counusents out the idea of selling cotton to the French Government directly, to be imported into France by the Goveranuent, nuder an arrange- nuent sinsilar to that just ussade for tobacco, or to 1)0 held on this side under a guarauty from this Govern- unent not to allow its destruction by our forces. Wishes to know if it would be possible to induce the French and Spanish Governments to recall the no- tice issued by them, interdicting the entrance of the prizes of either bchiigerent into tocir ports. Informs the French consul that assurances being satis- factory to this Government, no obstacle now remaisus to the shipment of tobacco belonging to the Imperial R6gie. 68 830 832 836 837 839 841 845 846 812 81 Page 69 LIST OF PAPERS. 69 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Coutd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. J. Slidell to State Department.. 1863. Aug. 5 (No. 43.) J. M. Mason to State Depart- Aug. 6 ment. (No. 43.) H. Hotze to New York corres- Aug. 13 pondent of the Index. H. Hotze to Turin, Italy, cor- Aug. 17 respondent of the Index. H. Hotze to Manchester corres- Aug. pondent of the Index. 21 H. Hotze to F. Ducaigne do H. Hotre to M. Paris Aug. 23 A. D. Mann to State Depart- Aug. 15 ment. (No. 56.) State Department to J. M. Aug. 17 Mason. (No. 31.) State Department to J. Slidell.. T. L. Baa-ne to State Depart. ment. Henry Hotze to State Depart- ment. I. Slidell to State Department.. T. L. Bayue to State Depart- ment. State Department to I. Slidell.. Aug. 17 (No. 22.) Aug. 19 Aug. 27 (No. 27.) Aug. 29 (No. 44.) Aug. 29 Sept. 2 (No. 23.) State Department to N. S. Sept. 2~ Walker. Reports the news of the retreat of General Lee and the surrender of Vicksburg and Port Hudson have had an unfavorable influence on the question of recogni- tion. The Spanish ambassador says nothing can be effected at Madrid at present. Transmits enclosures relating to the case of the steamer Blanche. Transmits several documents relating to the c se of the prisoner Hester, and comments briefly on the subject and copies of letters to Earl Russell on different mat- ters. Gives instructions as to kind of news he desires sent from New York for publication in his tapcr, the In- dex, with compensation for same, whether published or not. Acknowledges letter to the Index, and sends check for 6 for subscribing to 2 Italian newspapers and for his services, expressing approval of his labors and giving advice on several subjects. Regreis no vacancy at present on the stai ,but will be p leased to accept correspondence from Manchcster, ~or which the Index will pay Lila. per week. Gives a few suggestions for future guidance. Acknowledges letter of Aug. 20, and gives certain in- formation on the social condition of the South in ref- erence to slavery. Gives sketch of proposed pamphlet on Mexico Reports a sojourn of Queen Victoria of 2 days at King Leopolds cossutry palace, and states her Majestys feelings are warmly enlisted for the success of the Confederacy. States the influence of the King of the Belgians on the different Governments of Europe was never so powerful as now. Gives instructions as to the best mode of disposing of the archives of his ssion by depositiug them with Mr. Slidell for the present. Can conlide the Con- federate and other affairs to Mr. Hoize or other pre- ferred person. Acknowledges several dispatches being received, and gives the Presidents instructions about Mr. Masons archives in London. Approves of placing funads abroad in the hands of one agent, and conaments on the conversation of the French Emperor and his in- terview with Messrs. Rochuck and Lindsay. Encloses statemeasts of quantity of cotton shipped and number of steamers with their tonnage. Gives his impressions of public opinion during the cri- tical period of the Confederacys reverses, which greatly affected the loan. Learns that the Federal consul-general at Frankfort has hoist xl the Mexican flag by the side of his own, in consequence of an ar- rasagement between Seward arid Juarez, that the Repubise of Mexico should be represented by United States agents abroad. Reports his altowance has been exceeded on account of unexpected demands, as his paper, the Index, has not paid expenses and therefore needs more funds. Transmits a memorandum on the subject of the con- sular agent at Charleston, sent there b yM.d e Moo- tholon. Replies to certain queries about running vessels to Coreign coussirtes; number of trps number of cap- tur a, and other data concerning these stesmers sailing for supplies for the C. S. Government. Gives a lengthy o~uinion of ilac injustice sustained by the blockade of tiac southern ports, earnest y pro- testIng against the sanue, and wishes a copy of his dispatch on the subject placed in the hands of M. Drouuyn de Ehusys, ann to urge upon the justice of the French cahia~el our claim that it sboss d not give silent aequiesence to the validity of the pretended blockade proclaimed by the United States, in der- ogation & the rights of this Confederacy. Requests further baformation on the opinion of the otficers ol the Crown tlsat even a British vessel with a cargo of cotton brought from a blockaded port and the property of British subjects, is liable tosezureonth ehigh seas. 855 857 862 863 865 866 868 870 872 872 874 875 881 & 82 882 88 Page 70 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Coutd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1863. 3. M. Mason to State Depart- Sept. 4 ment. (No. 44.) State Department to Rev. 3. Bannon. H. Hotze to State Department.. Sept. 4 Sept. 5 (No. 25) 3. M. Mason to State Depart- Sept. 5 ment. (No. 45.1 State Department to 3. Slidell.. State Department to Treasura-, War, and Navy Departments. Sept. 14 (No. 24.) Sept. 15 J. A. Quintero to State Depart- Sept. ment. State Department to H. Hotze.. 16 Sept. 19 (No. 9.) State Department to Treasury Sept. 20 Department. C. J. helm to State Depart- Sept. 21 ment. (No. 23.) 3. M. Mason to Earl Russell.... Sept. 21 3. Slidell to State Department.. Sept. 22 (No. 45.) State Department to A. D. Sept. 23 Man.n. (No. 9.) The President to A. D. Mann... Sept. 24 C. 3. Helm to State Department. Sept. 24 (No. 24.) Awaits further instructions in the case of the Margaret and Jessie. Reports little impression can be ex- pected to be produced on the British Government on the subject of the bockade. Regrets he did not see Lieutenant Capston on his way to Ireland: tlsat the loan sustained a sudden and great fall on bearing of our reverses; hopes from recent events in Mexico that France may be compelled to take a position of value to the Cosifederacv. Inunires as to ihe Pre~i- dents policy should a monarchy be established in Mexico by ~rance. Enctoses correspondence with Earl Russell on the sul)ject of the blockade. Gives instructions as to his mission as a prvate and confldental agent of the Condederate States to Ireland. Reports thearrivalof I.ieutenant Capeton in I.ondon on Sept. 2 and departure on same date for Ireland. British press much ag tated about two ironclads in Lairds shipyard,alleged to be destined for the Con- ederate Navy. C. S. S. Florida has arrived in Brest harbor. Reports that the Treasury agent strongly urges that the Government shotfd take the whole subject ot the export of cotton into .ts own hands, and sets forth h s reasons tber& or. Informs Mr. BenJamin of the exchange of Private Win. Fellows, Jr., a prisoner, with instructions as to his future. Gives details of a conference with the President on the subject of placing the business o the various depart- ment in foreign cotintries under one head to control all funds, with certain exceptons. Reports that Mexico has been in a great state of dis- order and nt the request of the President. General Doblado organized a new cabinet. Sept. 7 a quarrel took place between President Juares and General Doblado, which caused Doblado to resign and leave for the State of Guanajuato, where he is now gover- nor. Learns British stettoser Win. Peel has been captured by United States vessel. Acknowledges all dispatches and also the Index, which he commends for its tact and aigor. Comments on the course pursued by Great Britain toward the- Confederacy, because it feared war with the United Statesifits Governmentrecognized the independence of the Confederate States. Sen information of Presidents approval of arrange- ments, and h so instr~scted Mr. McRae. Advises instructions to 1)e sent abroad to Treasury agents as to above arrangements. Reports the arrival of H. Aveeno at Havana en route for Mexico. After remaining here a few days he changed his plans and look the steamer for (outh- ansl)ton, for Europe, where he still remains. Announces the termination of his mission to England and gives the reasons therefor. Reports the Florida received permission to repair and provision at Brest. which sisows the friessily feelings of the Emperor; gives an account of several inter- views with the Emperor and Empress at Biarritz, who both sisowed kindly dispositions towar(I our cause. Expects Maximilian will accept the crown when tendered by Mexico. Transnsits several en- closures from Mr. Eustis. Transmits a copy of the Presidents letter to hs Holiness the Pope, expressing his appreciation of his efforts toward restoring peace, with instructions concerning same. Appoints Mr. Mann to the position of special envoy of the Confederate States of America to proceed to Rome and deliver a communication to the lope. Reports the friendly relations with the colonial gov- ernusent at Havana are as friendly as ever since the arrival of Cap~ain-General Dulce, who gives his assurance that he can be relied ~tpon. Regrets the capture of tisree steamers, Alabama, Montgomery, and Lizzie Davis by tise enesny. A Fretteb cruiser captured the schooner Good Year wills arms on board destined for use Confederacy, which line will make an effort to recover, and encloses a letter con- cerning same. 70 890 893 895 896 897 897 899 902 904 904 904 905 910 911 91 Page 71 LIST OF PAPERS. 71 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1S63)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. Earl Russell to J. M Mason J. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. 1863. Sept. 25 Sept. 25 (No. 46.) H. Hotze to State Department.. Sept. 26 (No. 29.) E. C. Stiles to I. M. Mason and Sept. I. Shdell. 29 1. M. Mason and J. Slidell, to . . .do E. C. Stiles. 11. Hotze to State Department Oct. 3 (No. 30.) Earl Russell to J. M. Mason J. Slidell to G. T. Sinclair. State Department to J. Slidell. State Department to the Presi- dent. J. Slidell to State Department. J. David to St~te Department.. J. H. Mason to State Depart- ment. A D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Oct. 6 Oct. 7 Oct. 8 (No. 25.) Oct. 8 Oct. 9 (No. 46.) Oct. 16 Oct. 19 Oct. 23 (No. 64.) J. Slidell to State Department.. Oct. 25 (No. 47.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. H. lltotze to State Department Oct. 30 (No. 65.) Oct. 31 (No. 31.) Acknowledges letter announcing the termination of his mission to Great l3ritain, with comments thereon. Reports the termination of his mission in London on Sept. 21 and transmits copy of his letter to Earl Russell of same. ~Vill leav~ soon for Paris, where letters may be addressed to hisn in Mr. Slidells care. Reports the comments heard on the subject of Mr. Masons recall from London, which some English friends appear to regret; that Europa was startled a short time since by a report that the South would arm the slaves; that the acceptance of Archduke Maximilian by Mexico is anxiously awaited; that his remittance Isas not arrived, which is most in- convenient, as his payments are mostly weekly and monthly. States that he needs from 15,000 to 16,000 to pay for steamer Hawk for the Virginia Volunteer Navy, which the Secertary of the Navy ordered him to buy, but by some mis derstanding isis binds had not all arrived to pay for the steamer, wliicb lse will refund upon arrival of purclsase price in Europe. Reply to request for funds to pay for steamer Hawk, and advise transfer of title to tlse Confederate States, and that Captain Bulloch slsould advance the suns of 15 000 to make good the balance now due to Mr. Begbie, and put her to sea. Reports popular excitement is strong over tlse news of Federal disaster in Louisiana, tlse temporary abass- donment of the siege of Clsarleston, and the Confed- erate reoccupation of defensible points on the Missis- sippi River. Suggests certain restrictions be placed on private contracts with the Confederate States Government. Acknowledges certain pa rs relating to the case of the Margaret and Jessie. Suggests it would be indiscreet to go to a French port for armament, and advises certain steps to be fol- lowed intlse matter. Announces that the conduct of the British consular agents in the Confederacy has compelled tlse Presi- dent to take steps to expel them from the country, and gives reasonstherefor. Transmits letter to Mr. Fu1l~ non, communicating to him the Presidents order to depart promptly from the Confederacy. Reports a conversation that was held between Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys and himself on the subject of rec- ognition, and tise blockade of southsern pont. Announces himself as president of a soistlsern associa- tion at Victoria, V. land begs that a letter of issaro ue may be issued to Isis society for use in the Pacific Ocean by a first-class steamer of 400 tons. Transmits a copy of Earl Russells letter dated Sept. 25 for the files of the State Department. Reports much rejoicing in Europe over the success of General Braggs Army; Russia has at last identified herself with the Lincoln Administration, so no fur- ther efforts for recognition can be nsade in that coun- try. This is a staggering blow to the red republicans of Europe. Reports receipt of his dispatchs of Sept. 2, whsich is a conclusive demonstration of the virtual nullifica- tion of article 4 of the treaty of Paris; tlsat tlse Polish question is a serious obstacle to our recogni- tion; that a demand has spruisg up in Etsrope for our 8 per cent bonds; and transmits copies of con- tracts for rifles. Acknowledges dispatch No.9, and reports he is making p reparations to leave for Rome on tise 2d day of November. Acknowledges receipt of several letters, but No. 9 is missing. Also letters from \V. J. Bromwell cover- ing Treasury warrants on account of secret-serv- ice money. States Colonel Lamar transferred the sum of lO~OOO francs, wlsich he owed the Depart- ment to him, as he was in need of funds, which was sanctioned by Mr. MoRse. Mr. E. de Leon loaned him which has stisce been relsaid. Comnsents on public opinion in France aisd Eniiland astorecog- nition e~ the Confederacy. hopes the 0 overnmenl may find some mode of relieving thseir pecuniary indebtedness to Mr. Spence for Isis services abroad. 935 913 914 918 918 919 922 922 922 928 930 933 934 937 936 94 Page 72 72 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. State Department to 3. MI. Mason. State Department to 3. Slidell. - State Department to 3. MI. Mason. A. D. Mann to State Depart. ment. 3. Slidell to State Department.. Date. 1863. Nov. 11 (No. 66.) Nov. 13 (No. 32.) Nov. 13 (No. 26.) Nov. 14 (No. 33.) Nov. 14 (No. 67.) Nov. 15 (No. 48.) Do Nov. 19 (No. 49.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- t Nov. 21 ment. (No. 68.) H. Hotze to State Department.. Nov. 21 (No. 32.) Do State Department to 3. Slidell.. State Department to G. Eustis.. Nov. 28 (No. 33.) Nov. 30 Nov. 30 3. Slideilto State Department.. Dec. 3 (No. 50.) State Department to J. Slidell.. Dec. 9 (No. 26.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Dee. 9 ment. (No. h9.~ Subject. Reports his arrival in Rome, where he had an inter- view with Cardinal Antonelli, who expressed ad- miration and interest for the Southern cause. Informs Mr. Mason that his services are too valuable to the Government to he dispensed with; therefore the President again appoints him commissioner, under act No. 226, and also appoints Mr. Macfarland as his secretary. Recommends Mr. Wesendonek to the courteous atten- tion of Mr Slideli, who has volunteered gratuitous service abroad for the Confederacy. Expresses disappointment over some missing books that the London booksellers failed to send, and hopes this can be remedied as soon as possible by Mr. Ma- sons efforts. Reports his interview with tIme Pope, where he pre- sented the Presidents letter, who announced he would answer the same later. Reports he placed a copy of Mr. Benjamins dispatch No. 23 in the Isands of MI. Mocquard for tlse Emperor, who carefully read it. Transmits an enclosure of his note to MI. Drouyn de Lhuys and a note to the minister of foreign affairs. TIme C. S. S. Georgia ar- rived at Cherbourg on Oct. 28, where permission was granted for necessary repairs. Reports a long and satisfactory interview with the min- ister of marine, when he called his attention to tlse case of the Love Bird1 wlsose release lie would order if the minister of foreign affairs would intimate Isis wish to that effect. A confidential clerk of the ship- builders at Nantes has absconded, carrying off docu- ments of importance, which sisow that certainvessels being constructed at Bordeaux and Nantes belong to the Confederate States, whicheame into the posses- sion of Mr. Dayton, U. S. minister to France. Reports his r eption at time Vatican was most cordial and that he had a second interview with Cardinal Antonelli, who becanse sb much interested that he prolonged the conversation for an hour. Feels as- sured isis mission to Rome Isas been as successful as the President could desire. Reports of a rumor that Earl Russell is to retire from the cabinet and to be succeeded by Lord Clarendon, which causes much regret in England. Comments on the state of affairs in Great Britain in reference to the political situation. Acknowledges receipt of Treasury warrant for 1,000 on account of secret-service fund. Expresses thanks to the President and Mr. Benjamin for their marks of confidence and will make renewed efforts to deserve same. The rumor of Earl Russells retirement has been denied officially. Encloses article b~ Mr. de Leon from a London paper con- cerning the Rappahannock. Instructions to Mr. Slidell to draw upon Fraser, Tren- holm & Co. for his salary after Dec. 31, with further advice on the subject of accounts. Gives orders to Mr. Eustis to draw upon Fraser, Tren- hoim & Co., for his next salary after Dec. Ii, with furtiser instructions as to his accounts. Reports he addressed a letter to MI. de Lhuys on the sul)ject of the Love Bird, and encloses a copy of dis- patch marked A to him. ~taces, in an inter- view with Archduke Maximilian at Miramar, he ex- pressed the warmest pOssit)le interest to the success of the Confederate cause. has just heard of the death of MI. R. Thomassy in havana, and has written to Mr. Helm there to enquire whether he left any money in Havana. Acknowledges receipt of all dispatches. Announces there is no objection to Mr. de St. Andrfs return to Charleston as French consular agent; but Mr. Larens case was quite different. Comments on the state of affairs generally In the Confederacy, and is disappointed in Mr. de Leosis mission abroad. States he received the answer of the Presidents letter from the Pope, which he thinks is a positive recogni- tion of our Government. Will send copy of it soon, which he thinks will exercise a salutary iniluence on the western governments of Europe, to the European press. Page. 949 950 951 951 952 955 959 963 96s0 964 967 967 968 971 97 Page 73 LIST OF PAPERS. 73 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1863)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. State Department to B. H. Hill. State Department to W. T. Dorteb. State Department to War De- partment. J. Slidell to State Department.. 1863. Dec. 12 (No. 70.) Dec. 14 ...do.... .do.... Dec. 15 (No. 51.) H. Hotze to State Department.. Dec. 26 (No. 31.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Dee. 28 ment. (No. 71.) 3. Slidell to State Department.. 3)ec. 29 (No. 52.) Transmits a copy of the letter of the Pope to the Presi- dent. Expects to leave for Paris, Brussels, and London shortly. States that passparts are issued only to citizens of the Confederate States, and to obtain one a certificate from a responsible person is required stating that the applicant is a citizen. Passports to leave the Con- federacy must he obtained from the War Depart- ment. The Department can not, according to law, give a pass- port to one not a citizess of the Confederate States. Begs to inform Mr. Seddon tlsat C. J. helm is the com- mercial agent of the Confederate States Government at Havana. Transmits 3 enclosures marked A, B, and C, eoncerning the occupation of Matamoras by French troops, certain silver captured by Captain Maffitt, and some tobacco owned by the ROgie in Richmond. Comments on tise response of Queen Victoria to the Emperors invitation to a congress, which has ssot been published, as were all the others. Reports that the most serious anxiety is caused here as at home, by our financial condition and gives his opinion about the present system, which should he changed, acid suggests new ways of improving the situation at home and abroad. Gives an account of his visit to Naples on his way to Paris, which he found thriving and prosperous. Met Messrs. Slidell and Mason in Paris and showed tl~e correspondence between the Poise and the President, who urgedits publication in Le Moniteur. Expects to leave at noon for Brussels and then for London, to make Imown the result of his visit to Rome. hears that the Archduke Maxisnilian intends to leave or Vera Cruz on his way to Mexico. Has made a contract in conjunction with Mr. MeRee with the Albion 4rading Company for 4 steamers for the transportation of supplies for the Confederacy from Bermuda and Nassain, on favorable terms. Has arranged for the filling up of the Floridas crew, and that vessel is now ready for sea. The messages of President Lincoln asid President Davis appeared simultaneously in the European journals, with favorable comments on Mr. Daviss paper. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864). From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. C. J. Helm to State Department. State Department to minister to Mexico. State Department to J. Slidell.. 1864. Jan. 1 (No. 25.) Jan. 7 (No. 2.) Jan. 8 (No. 27.) State Department to H. Hotze.. Jan. 9 (No. 13.) Reports that the arms captured by the French near Matamoras were released to the owners on represent- ing that they were destined for the Confederate States. Gives instructions as to the policy to be pursued in relation to Mexico. That Mr. J. A. Quintero is the general agent at Monterey, asid Mr. H. Fitzpatrick is the commercial agent at Matamoras. Annossnees that the President is much gratified with hiscossrse nrelation to the coot ractwsthi N. Clemen ts so that subordinate officers are forbiddess to make contracts for foreign supplies. Commeists on the seizore of the Caroline Goodyear, which did not show fair dealing toward the Confederacy. Acknowledges several dispatches, and concludes the Frenchj 01 nalists arc against the recognition of the South, although Ise believes the Emperoris favorable to our cause. Comments on the servicesof Mr. Spence, which have not been quite satisfactory. Reflects on Great Britain for checking any movement toward peace, which the British cabisiet might have pre- vented, but did not for their own power and profit. 974 975 976 976 976 981 985 986 987 988 990 99 Page 74 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 186-I. J. Slidell to State Department.. Jan. 14 (iNo. 53.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Jan. 15 must. (No. 74.) H. Hotze to State Department.. Jan. 16 (No. 35.) State Department to War De- partment. State Department to Navy De- partment. C. J. Helm to State Department. H. Hotze to State Department.. J. 51. Mason to State Depart- ment. Jan. 18 Jan. 21 Jan. 23 (No. 26.) Jan. 23 (No. 36.) Jan. 25 (No. 1.) State Department to J. M. Jan. 25 Mason. (No.34.) 3. Slidell to State Department.. Jan. 25 (No. 54.) State Department to J. Slidell. - Jan. 28 (No. 28.) State Department to 3. Slidell. - Jan. 28 (No. 29.) State Department to A. D. Mann. State Department to War De- partment. Feb. 1 (No. 11.) Feb. 1 A. D. Mann ts State Depart- Feb. 6 meat. (No. 77.) Reports the letter of President Davis to the Pope and his reply were sent to the Emperor, and published in the newspapers of France. That an article appeared recently in La Patrie favorable to the Southern cause, which the editcr annossneed to Mr. Slideliwas approved by the Emperor, which was very encour- aging. A report that the Northern Government had a secret understanding with the Emperor was investigated and found to he without foundation. Reports that in all intelligent British circles, our recognition by the Pope is considered as formal and complete, and the influence of that measure is of in- calculable value in our behalf. The Schleswig- Holstein question occupies the cabinet almost ex- clusi s-ely. Reports that since he last wrote our loan has improved about 10 per cent, one reason being the expectation tbat Congress will authorize an embargo on private exportation of cotton, or lay a heavy export duty on cotton not exported for Government account. Suggests that tbe Government could run the block- ade with equal if not greater chance than private enterprise. No further steps taken in the case of the rams. Germany intends to detach Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark, which may envelop all Europe in war. Sends an extract from a letter showing a mode of egress unguarded of which many are availing them- selves. Encloses information concerning the Rappahannock, and certain silver captured by Captain Mallitt. Reports that Joseph T. Crawford has been appointed by Great Britain on a special mission to Richmond, Va., with details concerning same. Acknowledges receipt of dispatch of Nov. 10, 1863, and transmits his salary account up to Dec. 31,1863. Nothing special of generalinterest to communicate. Replies that accounts of special coasmission to Great Britain shall be closed from Nov. 11, 1863, and those of commissioner on the Continent will date from Nov. 12, 1863, which shall be forwarded by next mail. Proposes to go to England soon after Parliament meets to remain a few weeks, in a private capacity only. The German complication with Denmark which seemed to threaten war in Europe has given a better promise of settlement. Announces that the Senate on Jan. 18 confirmed his appointment as commissioner on the Continent to represent the Confederate States, and Mr. Macfar- land is appointed your secretary. Gives reasons in detail for the new appointment and instructions concerning same. Reports 51. Mercier has been some days in Paris and is decided in his expressions of sympathy with the Confederate cause and convinced of our ability to maintain our independence. Gives an account of unexpended balance on hand for contingencies. Gives instructions as to Mr. B. Avegno, who was appointed commercial agent at Vera Cruz by the President, to make enquiries as to whether he is living in Paris in a destitute state. He left Mexico in July, 1863. Comments on the fact of Mr. de Leons opening sealed dispatches addressed to Mr. Slidell, which should have been reported to the State Department sooner and saved the scandal which & sused his removal. Gives opinions on several important sub- jects. States the President has been much gratified at the cordial reception you received from the lope, and hopes his letter will be a check on foreign enlist- merts made by the United States. Requests that the State Department he furnished with complete files of the northern journals, through the signal and prisoners exchange officers of the War Department. Reports that no mention was made of American affairs in the Queens speech at the opening of Par- liament. Expresses his regret over the withdrawal of Mr. Mason from London as Confederate States commissioner. It now seems certain Great Britain will not fight for Schleswig-Holstein, and France will not intervene as her policy is nonintervention. 74 998 1000 1001 1004 1004 1006 1005 1007 1009 1011 1012 1013 1014 1016 101 Page 75 LIST OF PAPERS. 75 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. 3. M. Mason to State Depart- Feb. 8 ment. (No. 2.) 3. Slidell to State Department.. Feb. 10 (No. 55.) H. llotze to State Department.. Feb. 13 (No. 37.) 3. Slidell to State Department.. Feb. 16 (No. 56.) 3. M. Mason to State Depart- Feb. 18 meat. (No. 3.) Do State Department to 3. Slidell.. Feb. 18 (No. 4.) Feb. 19 (No. 30.) State Department to H. Hotze.. Feb. 24 (No. 14.) State Department to J. P. fbi- Feb. 24 combe. (No.2.) State Department to N. S. Walk-er. Feb. 25 S. Jlarron to J. Slidell do.... J. Slidell to M. Dronyn de Lhuys. Feb. 26 A. D. Mann to State Depart- Feb. 29 ment. (No. 79.) J. P. Holcombe to State De- partment. Feb. 29 Reports that Parliament met on Feb. 4 and made no mention of American attairs, which he thinks was due to the complications in Germany and other European affairs. Expects to go to England in a few days. Difficult to account for the delay in the execution of the Confederate seal, and hopes to send it soon. Reports that Commodore Barron informed him that the Florida, Georgia, and Rappahannock are now ready for sea and will sail immediately. Great difficult y was experienced in obtaining engineers for the two latter vesse lson account of rigid surveillance by Federal spies and English detectives. Reports British resentment at the pitiable trifling with the national honor by their present ministry, with details of its inaction on important problems. Transmits copy of a letter to 51. Aucaigne, also a letter to Lieutenant Capston. Reports the arrangements m~ de for the building of ships in France and the extrication of 2 in England in the course of construction, have been seriously interfered with by the abstraction of cer. tam papers from our correspondence, which fell into the hands of the Washington Governnsent. I)is- cusses the sailing of the ironclads and corvettes from France, and gives details concerning same. Reports his arrival in London on Feb. 13. Hears the C. S. S. Tuscaloosa has been seized by the British Government at Cape of Good Hope; has protested, but no reasons have been given as yet for her seizure. Sends dispatches by Commander Maury giving full information in regard to the total failure of efforts to get out ships either from France or England. Gives the reasons of the imperfect copy of Ilansard furnished, and will have same remedied and sent shortly by Bermuda steamer. States the seal will yet require 6 weeks or 2 months to finish and will cost 80 guineas, half of which he demands before commencing work on same. Asks instructions as to sending seal without risk to the Confederacy. Announces no mail received for a long time, due he supposes to being lost in an attempt to run the blockade. Comments severely on the ill-advised course of Earl Russell in forcing our Government to suspend intercourse with Great Britain. Announces that he sends 2,00() for secret service, which he will please acknowledge. Gives informa- tion of recent legislation, concerning much the greater part of cotton which will leave the Confed- eracy, will be for account of the Government. Gives instructions concerning ollicers and men who were in prison and escaped to Canada to furnish passage via Halifax to Bermuda, where Afajor Walker will secure their passage home, and sends $25,000 to he used for this purpose. Announces the President will send J. P. Tlolcombe as special commissioner to halifax in relalion to the capture of the steamer Chesapeake and detention of crew of that vessel. Transmits letters from Lieutenant Campbell, com- manding C. S. S. Rappabannock, and other ollicers attached to and connected with that vessel. States her entrance into Calais was purely the result of an accident to her machinery at sea and will leave there shortly. States the reasons for the noncompliance of orders by the C. S. S. Rappabannock, concerning the depar- ture of that vessel from Calais, and hopes the ship will not be detained .there indefinitely because of the gross negligence of her comsnander in not having sufficient coal on board to go to sea. Reports the Archduke Maxisnilian is at Brussels and will leave for Paris in a few days to confer with the Emperor. hears he has not yet definitely accepted the throne of Mexico. Reports that lie has learned that the admiralty court has disposed of the case of the Chesapeake by order- ing a restoration of the ship and cargo to the original owners on payment of the cost in court. Will report further on arrival at halifax. 1020 1021 1022 1028 1030 1031 1032 1034 hold 1036 1037 1040 1042 101 Page 76 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. State Department to P. II. Mar. 2 Aylett. J. Slidell to State Department.. Mar. 5 (No. 57.) \V. S. Lindsay to minister of foreign affairs. Ministet~ of foreign affairs to W. S. lindsay. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Mar. 7 Mar. 11 Mar. 11 (No. 80.) State Department to J. Slidell. - Mar. 11 (No. 31.) 11. Hotze to State Department. Mar. 12 (No. 38.) J. Slidell to minister of foreign Mar. 14 allairs. J. Slidell to M. Mocquard Mar. 15 J. M. Mason to State Depart- Mar. 16 ment. (No. 5.) J. Slidell to State Department.. J. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. J. M. Mason to State I)epart- ment. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. 11. Ilotzc to State Department.. Mar. 16 (No. 58.) Mar. 16 (No. 6.) Mar. 17 Mar. 18 (No. 81.) Mar. 19 (No. 39.) Announces that Messrs. Chafee, St. Amand & Croft, of Charleston, S. C., can prove the residence for many years in Charleston of Captain Locke, under whose orders the expedition for the capture of the Chesa- peake was undertakesi. Reports that particulars as to forwardness of vessels building in England have been sent in dispatch carried by Lieutenant Maury to Bermuda. Gives details of an interview with M. Drouvn de Lhuys who expressed sympathy for ussr cause and regretted the Emperor had been unable to take any decided action in our favor. Requests his letter be placed in the official files, as it gives in detail his interview with the Emperor, and distinctly denies a statement of Mr. Daytons which impugns his honor and veracity, which statement ne wonid like to have corrected, as it is in conflict with the facts. Acknowledges receipt of Mr. Lindsays letter, which he will preserve for future reference. Reports that the imperial crown of Mexico has at last been accepted, and that the Emperor has enjoined upon Maxisisilian to hold no ollicial relations with the Confederate States commissioner. Encloses copy of a letter from the Secretary of the Navy in relation to a forgery extensively circulated l)y the European press, purportin~ to be a copy of an official report aitdressed toT. S. Babcock, Speaker of the house of Representatives of the Confederate States, asud gives his opinion thereon. Reports an outline of his plan for influencing the Fresich press favorably toward the recognition of the Confederate States, and will make a visit to Paris the end of March to consult with Mr. Slidell, under whose advice and orders he will place himself. Requests information of the precise nature of the offense with which the commasider of the Rappa- hannock stands charged which would authouize the detention of his vessel at Calais. Memorandum which Mr. Slidell respectfully wishes M. Mocqisard will present to the Emperor of France, concerning the detention of the C. S. S. Rappahan- nock at Calais. Reports present conditions in Europe are disturbed and unsettled. Fears the new Emperor of Mexico will be little disposed to enter into diplomatic rela- tions with us, as he is controlled by France. States tlsat Earl Russell ausnounced in the House of lords that the C. S. S. Tuscaloosa at Cape of Good hope should be released, but gave no reason for her seizure. Plsat ship is siow there in statis quo. States his activ- ities concerning the false report of the Secretary of the Navy which Mr. Aulams sent to Earl Russell. Reports a visit of a week in Paris of the Archduke Maximilian, during which time he made no answer to a request for an audience with himself. Hears lie has no caisse for contfiaint, as the applicatiosis for audiences were so numerous the Archduke stated it was isopossible to answer them. States the Mexi- can expedition is unpopular among all classes and parties iss France. Heqisests to have an error corrected at the Treasury Department relating to moneys received on account of salary oil draft of July 15, 1862. Transmits an open letter for the governor of Virginia, which he would like to have Mr. Benjamin read assd then forward, with his approval of the statue. Reports the arrival of Archduke Maximilian in Brus- sels March 16. Expects to leave for Mexico about May 1. Has not attempted to have an interview with him, lit is rumoreut that an armistice has been agreed to by the European belligerents. If so, the differences will be adjusted through diplomatic channels. Reportsand comments on the debates in Parliament, which show the Government weak beyosud anything knoWn in Parliamentary warfare: that within a sun- gl~e week the ministry has sustaincd two disasters from its opponents. Will send a pamphlet push- lished by Laird & Co. givingcorrespondence between them and the foreign office on the Mersey rams. 76 1944 1045 1051 1055 1057 1959 1060 1056 1055 1047 1063 1065 1065 1067 106 Page 77 LIST OF PAPERS. 77 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. State Department to 3. Slidell.. Do Do 3. P. Tloleombe to State Depart- ment. Date. 1864. Mar. 22 (No. 32.) Mar. 24 (No 33.) Mar. 26 (No. 34.) Apr. 1 A. D. Mann to State Depart- Apr. 4 mont. (No.83.) 3. Slidell to state Department... Apr. 7 (No. 69.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- Apr. 8 ment. . (No. 84.) 3. M. Mason to State Depart- Apr. 12 Mont. (No. 7.) 3. S. Beghie to 3. SlIdell Apr. 13 C. J. helm to State Department. Apr. 14 (No. 28.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. II. hloize to State l)epartment.. Do Apr. 15 (No. 85.) Apr. 16 (No. 40.) Apr. 16 (No. 41.) Subject. Announces a raid ofthecnemvs Cavalry on Richmond which was unsuccessful, and will send Richmond l)apers giving accounts of same. Gives special and detailed instructions about his ac- counts for salary and contincent expenses. An- nounces congressional legislation is attended witis happiest effects and that the Army is in the highest spirits and the people confident, full of hope and determination. Announces receipt of copies of infamous papers found on the body of Colonel Dahigren from Bureau of En- gineers, which he will forward shortly. Reports his arrival at Halifax on Mar. 23, and learned that tlse prisoners whose delivery had been demanded by the United States under the ex- tradition treaty had been released by the judicial authorities of New Brunswick upon habeas corpus. Gives details concerning the case of the Chesapeake. Reports that Great Britain end France stilihesitate to acknowledge our independence, as one is afraid and the other dares not. The differences arc said to have been adjusted between Maximilian and his brother Francis Joseph, and the former expects to sail for Mexico on Apr. 12. Belgium is still without a gov- ernilient, and a cabinet list is to be presented to the King next week for his acceptance. Reports that Mr. B. Avegno is in Paris, as he found his services not needed at Vera Cruz; wilireturn soon to the Confederacy and give an account of his steward- ship in person. The Georgia has arrived at Bor- deaux, and reossires repairs. Mr. Hotoc is here on a short visit. Hears of prodigal expenditure of the Federal agents here in corrupting the press. Is pleased to learn that hereafter the shipment of cot- ton, tobacco, and naval stores is to be made under the exclusive control of the Government. Accord- ing to the latest news the Archduke Maximilian will leave next Sunday for Mexico. Reports that a conference is shortly to be held in Lon- don for a settlement of the Holstein and Schicewig question, the outcome of which is awaited with leep interest. Gives information of the general situation of European allairs. Announces his return to Paris from London and has heard nothing more in regard to the Tuscaloosa; thinks she is still at the Cape of Good Hope. Sends details of 3 men arrested at Liverpool at the instance of the United States consul who claimed to be Con- federate citizens who were on steamer 3. L. Ger- rity. Will defray tiseir expenses for defense by Liverpool solicitors, which lie hopes will meet the approbation of the department. Makes inquiries on the subject of pilots and the rules and regulations adopted by the Confederate Govern- ment, and gives opinion concerning same which he thinks accounts for the scarcity of pilots. Acknowledges letter of Feb. 11, and reports that the dispatch of 3. T. Crawford directed to you was sent to Charleston by the gunboat Petrel, but she was or- dered off by th~ Federal naval commander; she then sailed for Bermuda to report to the admiral of the British Navy. Announces that Maximilian hSs at last been formally proclaimed Emperor of Mexico by the deputatioh from that country. Reports the Palmerston government has utilized the Easter holidays to throw overboard aildangerousen. cumbrances and to collect reinforcements; gives (he- tails of the present political situation in Great Brit- ain. The appeal in the case of the Alexandra has been dismissed and the ship restored to the owners. Captain Lalor has proceeded to Ireland. The hinds for Irish agentialmost exhausted and therefore sug- gests a special appropriation for the same. Reports a brief sketch of his plans for influencing the French press in relation torceogaizing the independ- once of the Confederacy. Is planning to Ic. ye Lon- don for a visit to Paris of several weeks, and needs 1,000 to carry out his projects. Page. 1070 1070 1072 1072 1075 1077 1080 1082 1084 1085 1086 1087 109 Page 78 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contcl. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1504. State Department to J. Slidell -. Apr. 16 (No. 35.) State Department to J. M. Ma- Apr. 18 son. (No.35.) State Department to J. P. fbI- Apr. 20 combe. State Department to H. Hotze.. Apr. 22 (No. 18.) State Department to J. M. Ma- Apr. 22 son. State Department to J. Slidell.. Apr. 23 (No. 36.) 3. P. Holcombe to State Depart- Apr. 26 meat. Do do.... Do do Do J. Thompson to State Depart- ment. State Department to J. Sildell. - 3. Thompson to State Depart- ment. 3. Slidell to State Department.. Apr. 28 (No. 4.) Apr. 29 Apr. 30 (No. 37.) May I May 2 (No. 60.) Announces the Confederate States Government is op- posed to selling any vessels building abroad, and hopes Mr. Mallorys instructions concerning same will arrive in timeto prevent their sale. Sends 500 for secret-service fisnd, for which no account need be rendered to the Treasury Department. Sends 500 for the secret-service fund with instructions concerning same. The President directs that he will leave the matter of your visiting London to your dis- cretion. Givesinstructions as to forwarding the Con- federate seal, which willinsure its safe transit across the ocean. Acknowledges receipt of dispatch of 1st Instant, and gives instructions concernisig the case of the steamer Chesapeake, for future guidance. Commends his ef- forts in handling the affair with so much discretion, which has met with the Presidents approval. Acknowledges receipt of several letters. Commends Rev. Dr. OBannons services in Ireland, whom he wishes provided with funds for his labors. Lieuten- ant Capaton can return to Richmond for duty there, his services not being needed in Ireland now. Com- ments on the present state of political affairs In Eng- land. Acknowledges letter concerning a statue of Gen. T. 3. Jackson, to be erected by a number of Englishmen in our country and expresses confidence that our people will be deeply grateful therefor. Comments on the refusal of Maximilian to have a con- ference with Mr. Slidell in Paris during his visit there. Awaits with much solicitude the answer of the French Government in relation to the Confeder- ate States steamer Rappahannock. Writes unofficially that the sentiment in Halifax is strongly in favor of the Confederate States and that Acting Governor-General Doyle highly praises our Army. Thinks Archbishop Connelly deserves a letter of commendation from the President for the decided stand he has taken in our favor. Reports nothing has transpired since his last dispatch to alter his conviction of the impoliu~y of any inter- vention by the Confederacy in the affair of the Ches- apeake. Expects to remain in halifax until the next boat to Bermuda returns. Reports his plans for collecting soldiers who are dis- persed through the Province and of having them go to Halifax for transportation there to the Confeder- acy. Not now possible to form an idea of the num- ber who may wish to return home. Will send later details by next steamer. Reports the cold season makes it impracticable to for- ward the arrangements for rqturning home our es- caped prisoners. Asks for instructions as to sending the indirectly toB ermuda from Quebec. Announces arrival at Wilmington, and that 6,000 bales of cotton were burned, winch will delay all boats un- til Monday or Tuesday. Gives information of 3. Thompson and C. C. (lay being sent to Canada on secret service. Hears Rappahan- nook is still at Calais, guarded by a French man-of- svar. French vessels were forced to leave city 1oint by General Butler with only lOOhogaheads of tobacco, leaving some 7,000 belonging to the French Govern- ment. Acknowled~cs receipt of letter with enclosures, last night, delivered by Mr. Clay. Reports has not received any dispatches since Apr. 7, and comments on the forged report of Secretary Mal- lory, seen in a New York paper, and gives reasons why the British Government accepted same. has made an advantageous contract with 3. 5. Beghie for the transportation of Government stores from the islands to the Confederacy. The Emperor of Mexico is on his way to his new dominions, and after his arrival there will ignore the Confederacy and not es- tablish relations with it. Two ironclad ships build- ing at Bordeaux have been sold to the Swedish Gov- ernment. Transmits a letter from Commander Fauntleroy to the commissaire de la marine concern- ing the Rappahannock. 78 1091 1093 1095 1097 1099 1109 1101 1103 1103 1104 1105 1105 1106 110 Page 79 LIST OF PAPERS. 79 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Cuntd. From and to whom. 3. Thompson to State Depart- ment. T. E. Hogg to State Department 3. Thompson and C. Clay, Jr., to State Department. State Department to H. Hotze.. J. Slideil to State Department.. Date. 1864. May 2 May 3 May 3 May 5 (No. 19.) May 5 (No. 61.) H. Hotze to State Department.. May 7 (No. 42.) J. Thompson to State Depart- ment. 3. Slidell to State Department.. May 10 May 12 Do May 21 (No. 62.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- May 25 ment. (No. 91.) J. P. Holcombe to State Depart- May 27 ment. (No.5.) State Department to 3. Slideil. - Do 3. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. May 31 (No. ~8.) June 1 (No. 39). June 1 (No. 8.) J.Sildell to State Department.. June 2 (No.63.) Li. Hotze to State Department. June 3 (No. 43.) Subject. Reports the Thistle expects to sail to-day at 1 ocl k and expects to reach Canada May 20. Reports m detail the affair of the schooner Joseph L. Gerrity. Thinks copies of the Presidents message would serve their purpose. Can not go until Thursday. Gives instructions in regard to 3 men imprisoned in England for participation in the schooner tierrity affair, with details concerning same. Reports he will not fail to give all possible publicity to the papersiound on Lieutenant Dahigrenshodyand that Mr. Hotze has made arrangements for their re- production in the London Autographic Mirror: that the Rappahannock is stiil held at Calais1 and the French Government has delayed any action about releasing her; 35,000 of the Erlanger cotton-loan bonds have been presented and casiceled, making 211,30t}t& date. Acknowledges letter of Mar.30, enclosing Mr. Mallorys letter to Sir R. Palmer, which was forwarded to him b~ registered mail. Sir R. Palmer politely acknowl- edged its receipt. Reports details of his various activities. Reports safe arrival at St. Georges, Bermuda Islands, May 10, and learns the steamer for Halifax will not leave until May 16. Reports an interview with President of French Sen- ate on the subject of the Rappahannock, who re- ceived him cordially, and will return papers submit- ted to him next Saturday. Reports further details of the Rappahannoek affair, which is still undecided by the French minister of foreign affairs. Sends report o~ a debate on the sub- ject of ships said to be building for the Confederacy in French ports. The British Government has bought the two rams from Bravay & Co. on terms which will reimburse them their outlay and interest. Rumors of cabinet change in Frunce and that M. Dronyn de Lhuys will not long continue to direct foreign affatrs. Transmits extracts of a dispatch of Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward, of Oct. 21, 1863. Reports that there is a rapidly growing impression in Europe that the use of gunpowder will be superseded by the discovery of guncotton, and transmits state- ments on the sub)ect by Mr. Scott Russell. Acknowledges receipt of dispatch of Apr. 20, and will do nil that is possible in the way of sending home such of our escaped prisoners as may be willing to return. There are now 12 in Halifax. Transmits correspondence in relation to the exporta- tion to France of the tobacco belonging to the Gov- ernment of his Imperial Majesty, stored in ware- houses m our ports. Acknowledges receipt of last letter and gives the infor- mation that the military situation is grave and of intense interest. Reports the 3 men in custody from the schooner Ger- rity were discharged on habeas corpus by the court of the Queens bench on May 23; will send papers concerning same later. Will defray bill of costs out of contingent fund, and hopes for the Departments approval of same. That Mr. Lindsay desired hun to come to London and have an interview with Lord Palmerston, which Mr. L. had arranged; but Mr. Mason gave him his reasons for not being willing to see Lord Palmerston, in decli g the invitation. Reports the 2 corvettes at Bordeaux have been sold to the Prussian Government, which has also purcuased the second ram building at that p lace. Feels satislied that no further attempts should be made at present to lit out ships of war in Europe, as we cannot get them to sea. Gives an account of his activities on important matters and transmits a memorandum on the subject of the shipment of the tobacco of the R~gie from Richmond. Reports his arrival in Paris to try to influence the French press in favor of the independence of thc Confederate States, and gives details of his efforts in that direction. Page. lilt 1111 1i06 1112 1113 1115 1117 1118 1118 1121 1120 1121 1136 1136 1139 114 Page 80 80 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. J. M. M ~on to State Depart- ment. 1804. June 9 (No. 9.) Do June 9 (No.9.) II. Hoizeto State Department. - June 10 (No. 44.) J. Slidell to State Department.. June ii (No. Si.) J. P. iloleombe to State Depart- ment. June 16 (No. 6.) State Department to Navy De- June 18 partment. State Department to J. Wilkin- June 21 son. State Department to J. Mason. M. A. D. Mann to State Departmenl June 22 (No. 36.) June 22 (No. 94.) State Department to J. Slidell.. June 23 (No. 40.) 7. SlIdell to State Department.. June 30 (No. 65.) Reports a long conversation with Mr. Lindsay since Isis arrival in London and gives details of the same. Will remain in London as long as he can be useful there, where he has been very kindly and warmly received by our friends. Acknowledges letter of April 18th containing a draft of 500 for the secret-service fund, for the expenditure of which he will account to the State Department as per instructions. Has heard lately that the Confed- erate seal will be ready within a fortnight, and will look for a trusty person to carry it across the sea to the Confederate States. Reports that he is stillin Paris and has received letters and enclosures. Mr. Mason having terminated the Gerrity affair satisfactorily, his services will not be neede in t at case, unless so desired by Mr. Mason. The work in the French papers continues satisfactory. Acknowledges receipt of several letters and gives an account of his efforts in the Rappahannock affair, transmitting a letter to the minister of foreign affairs concerning same. Regrets the sale of ships at Bor- deaux, the order fur which was given by Captain Bull b after a consultation wit h Messrs. Mason, MeRse, Commodore Barron, and myself. Reports arrival of the Alabama at Cherbourgon June 11. Reports some 10 or 12 men haveheensent on to take the boat for Bermuda, whiebleaves next week. From in- formation received, very few remain who are willing to return at once to the discharge of their duty. Pro- poses toleave ,Oo0intWehands of B. Weir & Co. to defray the expenses of escaped prisoners In Canada, who may wish to return home later on. Inquires whether Navy Department is in possession of official reports touching conduct of British Govern- ment in the capture of the Tuscaloosa if so would like to haVe copies of same furnished to State bepart- ment. Transmits a copy of a letter on the subject of the rules and regulations touching the pilots employed in the port of Wilmington, and by the Instructions of the President, would like CaT)tain Wilkinson to give such information on the subject as lie can, to enable Mr. Benjamin to respond to the complaln~is contained in the letter. Expresses indignation concerning the treatment o~the Tuscaloosa by the British Government. Commends his action in the case of the three men from the schooner Gerrity and comments on the additional forgery by the United States Governm.ent of a pre- tended note from a New York agent to me, con- tained in the British Blne Book of the Chesapeake case. Acknowledges receipt of correspondence be- tween Mr. Lindsay and M. l1rouyn de Lhuys. Reports with great sadness of the destruction of the C. S. S. Alabama, by the Kearsarge, which is a great loss to the Confederate States Navy, and comments on the same, which he hopes will not retard our reali- zation of independ,ence and peace. Aunounces that the President feels deeply indignant at the evasions and injustice of the French Govern- ment in relation to the C, S. S. Rappahannock. States the game played by the United States cabinet with the French Government in relation to Mexico is so transparent that the inference to be drawn is, that the latter desires to be deceived. Hears the United States is perfectly unanimous in the determination to overthrow the schemes of the French Government in Mexico, and to resist the occupation of the throne by Maximilian. Reports of his visit to Fontainehleau, where he met M. Mocquard, M. Dc Persigny, and Prince Murat, and informed them of affairs near Cherbourg and sug- gested that the repairs of the Alabama could be more conveniently made at Ilavre or Bordeaux. Subse- quently Prince Murst aunounced the loss of the Alabama, which had been sunk by the Kearsarge, and expressed his regret and that of the Emperor over the same. Gives details of an interview with the minister of foreign affairs concerning an early decision in the case of the Rappahannock. 1144 1145 114~ 1147 1152 1153 1153 1153 1155 1156 115 Page 81 LIST OF PAPERS. 81 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. A. D. Mann to State Department Henry Hotre, London, to State Department. 1864. June 30 (No. 95.) July 4 (No. 45.) 3. M. Mason London to State July 6 Department. (No. 10.) A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to July 7 State Department. (No. 97.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State July 8 Department. (No. 11.) John Slidell, Paris, to State July ii Department. (No. 67.) State Department to James M. July 12 Mason. (No. 37.) State Department to John Slidell, Paris. July 12 (No. 41.) Transmits a CODY of a note to M. Rogier calling his attention to the manner of the Lincoln Government in obtaining recruits for their armies abroad. Acknowledges receipt of remittance of 2,000 on account of secret-service expenditures. Has been in Paris until a few days ago. Refers to great excite- snent and beneficial impression made upon French people by gallant end of the Alabama. Event of interest in ~ngland is parliamentary battle which begins this evening. Discusses pobtical situation in England. Transmits through Lieutenant Chapman, C. S. Navy, seal of Confederate States completed, and ships, through Fraser, Trenhoim & Co., iron prcss and full supply of wax, etc., for use of seal. Encloses dupli- cate of bill for same. Refers to payment of freight on above Encloses letter of July 4, 1864, to his Excellency Ch. Rogier in which is transmitted an advertisement from LEtoile Beige for healthy unsoarried nsen, 2140 years of age, to emigrate to United States. Describes methods used to induce Ciermans and Belgians to emigrate to America. Federal frigate Niagara left Antwerp hastily on July 2. Mentions failure of Bishop Fitzpatrick, sent by Lincoln Gov- ermnent to this country, to enlist sysopathy of country on side of Abolitionists, and refo sal of broker here to purchase greenbacks from him at higher rate than 2 francs on the dollar. Mentions debatestilicontinuing in House of Commons; cheering accounts of Confederates success in Georgia and Virginia; hopes that favorable movement in regard to South can be forced from ministry through Danish movements. Has not seen Lord Palmerston yet. Refers to strange termination of engagements made in Francein regard to Confederates State naval affairs. Full report of same willbe made by Captain Bulloch to Navy Department. Mentions loss of Alabama and states that Captain Semmes official report will be published in London by J. H. Mason as most speedy way of getting it to Confederate States Government by republication in North; marked manner in which Captain Semmes was received in London and measures taken by officers of Her Majestys navy to present him a sword. Expresses gratitude to gallant Confederate States armies and refers to fame in Europe of Lee, Beauregard, and Johnston. Quotes from autograph letter of Emperor enclosed in letter from Mr. Persigny: My dear Persigny, I have given orders for Rappahannock to leave the French port but American minister must not know it. * * * Napoleon. Minister of foreign affairs stated July 8 that no decision has been taken on the subject of the Rappabannock. Minister of ma- rine has no order concerning above. Heis favorable to cause of Confederate States as has been shown in difficulties regarding cases against the Rappa- hannock. Has written to minister of foreign affairs reminding of his promise to decide promptly affair of Rappahannock. Encloses some. Requests certain publications and acknowledges others. Dispatches have been sent for several months past under cover to Mr. Hotze and his over- sight causing delay of delivery should becalled to his attention. President approves course pursued in matter ofproposedinterview with Lord Palinerston. In relation to presence in London as private gentle- man for conference with Mr. Lindsay and others who are friendly to cause, instructions are, to use own discretion. Learns of renewal of hostilities in Den- mark and doubts if England will be able to avoid a war. No news of Rappahannock having left port. A vessel said to havesailed from Bordeaux to China. Impres- sion created by news of loss of Alabama is cmfavor- able to discretion of Captain Semmes. Owing to state of finances and dissensions among Northern people they can not carry on war many months longer. Regrets General Johnstons steady retreat and probable abandonsnent of Atlanta without a battle. Hopes for better things under a new leader. 1704290 22VOL 3C 1157 1162 1163 1165 1168 1169 1171 117 Page 82 82 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. J. M. Mason, Middlesex, State Department. to Date. 1S64. July 14 A. D. Mann to State Depart- July 16 ment. (No. 98.) A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to July 22 ~tate Department. (No. 99.) Henry HoPe, Paris, to State July 29 Department. (No. 47.) A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. July 30 (No. 100.) John Slidell, Paris, to State Aug. 1 Department. (No. 68.) J. M. Mason, London, to State Aug. 4 Department. (No. 12.) Henry Hotze, London, to State Aug. 6 Department. (No. 48.) Subject. Reports interview with Lord Palmerston on dhsration of the war. Presidential election In North and its influence on war and if interposition by European powers had better be delayed for crisis of war. Reports that there is but one opinion In Intelligent circles in relation to the desperate situation of the enemy from the cisaracter of the emigrants passing through Antwerp on their way to New York. The ports of Hamburg and Bremen being blockaded, the Germans have bad to pass through Aatwerp to join the Northern armies. Believes King Leopold was influenced in absenting lsimself from Brussels onday of celebration of thirty- third anniversary of his reign by efforts of Linco~n legation to obtain from him on that (lay a manifesta- tion favorable to Federal cause. King will probably take up case of America with French Emperor during his stay at Vichy. Expects nothing from the Em- peror on account covenant with Lincoln Government that Monroe Doctrine shall continue obsolcte as fars.s Mexico is concerned. it is reported that object of meeting of Emperor and King at Vichy was to nego- tiate marriage between Count of Flanders and Princess Anna Murat. Ministry of Belgium had to decide upon dissolution of popular l)ranch of the Chambers. New election fixed for Aug. 11. Has conse from London to Paris for a few days. Work in French press is progressing satisfactorily. De- scribes methods and results of work in France and England and makes suggestions regarding German press. If Department considers appointing special agent for Germany suggests Mr. Auguste P. Wetter, of Savannah, th~ translator into German of Mr. Spences book. Mentions his qualifications for the position. Past experience has proven that power of press does not influence directly policies of European Governments. Mentions extension in circulation of index and desire for its permanent establishment. Has been Informed that Maximilian is soon to send a asinister to Washington, and expects Lincoln to accredit a minister to the new Imperial Government at Mexico. There is a psuic in Geussany and Ilol- land among the holders of Federal securities. Hears the troubles hetween the German powers and Den- mark have beess definitely settled, which it is hoped will secure the peace of Europe. No explanation concerning shipment of tobacco be- longing to the IR~gis will be made to Mr. Dronyn de Lhuys unless express request is made for same. Gives account of corresnondence and Interviews regarding order permitting departisre of the Rappa- hannock and attributes ill will manifested in the case by misstater of foreign affairs to conviction that Lincoln Goversiment is prepared to go to war with France on account of Mexican question. Demand in Germany and Holland for Federal bonds explains Federal currencys not having suffered greater de- preciation. Parliament was prorogued July 29 without vote taken on resolution of Mr. Lindsay.1 Private note to President Davis, accompanying this dispatch gives In detail account of interview with Lord Palmerston. Bill from solicitors and counsel engaged In defense of men held for piracy on hoard the Gerrity amounts to 458 is. 4d. Suggests that Department remit above amount as specific expenditure. Will visit points in England amid Ireland in next two or three months. Accessible for mail through address left In London. Discusses political situation in London; peace into which Denmark has been forced: execution in Po- land of principal chiefs of National Government and transportation to Siberia of others; disturbances In Algeria, Tunis, and Ottomasan Empire. No pres- ent hope of recognition from Easgiand or France. Believes public anxiety here would be reassisred by a decisive victory over Sherman. Finasacial ditli- culties are foreseen. Confederate States financial condition abroad is excellent. New commercial 5)-stem has worked beneficially. Refers to sensa- tion caused by first rumor of peace negotiations and ridicinslo of both parties by public when details of Niagara Falls correspondence became known. tmNot found; see lettei~ of Nov. 10,1864. Page. 1173 1174 1175 1177 1180 1181 1183 118 Page 83 LIST OF PAPERS. 83 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1804)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. Yohn Slidell, Paris, to State Department. James P. lloleohnbe, Niagara Falls, C. W., to State Depart- ment. State Department to P. II. Aylett. 1864. Aug. 8 (No. 69.) Aug. 11 (No. 7.) Aug. 12 A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to Aug. 20 State Department. (No. 103.) John Slidell, Baden, to State Aug. 24 Department. (No. 70.) State Departmedt to James M. Mason, commissioner to the Continent, Paris. State Department to John Sli- dell. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Aug. 25 - do Aug. 26 (No. 101.) State Department to John SII- Aug. dell, Paris. State Department to Colonel J. Smolinski, Chaplain J. Ma- yewski C olone IA Jenkie- wicz, M~ajor P. Buinicki, dele.. gation representing Polish emigration. State Department to Colonel Smolinski and others, Polish del ares. State Department to Cohn J. MeRae, agent of Treasury, Liverpool. 27 Aug. 31 .do... -. Sept. I Gives reasons which induced Captain Fauntleroy not to avail himself of tardy permission for sailing of the Rappaharmock. Captain Bulloch is here for par- seofelosi sale and delivery of ships built at ereaux and Nantes. General Preston has hinted to Mexican minister at this court and Mr. Arrangoiz who will represent Maximilian in London that one condition of peace with North may be a treaty of alliance for American policy which will result in suppression of monarchial institutions in Mexico. Similar suggestions have been made in quarters from which they will reach the Emperor and Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys. Shall be absent from Paris 4 or 5 weeks. States arrangements made in Canada for transporta- tion to their respective commands within Confeder- acy of escaped prisoners desiring to return to dis- charge of duties. Refers to new argument to be had in case of Ogden on point whether he is not saved by oper tion of treaty of United States with Great Britain. Calls lten- tion to President I)aviss message of Dec. 7, 1863, in which ground was taken that Confederacy is no longer hound by treaties with foreign nations. Practically no more recruits left in this hemisphere for Federal armies. Houses of correction and poor- houses have been drained. Quotes statement from lIndependence Belge concerning same. Federal bonds have fallen 3 per cent to-day, now quoted at 39. Course pursued by France toward Confederate States is due to fear of collision with United States. Urgent interest to concilliate French Government has ceased since sale of Confederate ships. Believes Emperors object now is to keep everything quiet until Maxi- milians empire presents some show of stability. Reaction has begun regarding Federal bonds and they are now below New York quotations at gold standard. Returns to Paris Sept. 10 or before if necessary. (Circular:) Transmits account of interview of Presi- dent Davis with Jas. F. Jacquess, of Illinois, and James R. (3 ilmore, of Massachissette, regarding peace negotiations offered by Messrs. (3 ilmoreand Jacquess and claimed by them to be views of President Lincoln, disputed questions to be decided by general vote of all people of both federatiosss. Doubtless Mr. Masonhas complied with resolution requesting that copies of manifesto (heretofore frirnisbed), issued June 1-1, 1864, by Confederate States Congress be laid before foreign governments. do Reportithat astatement is going the rounds of Europe that peace propositions have been informally made recently by citizens of the Confederate States so- joarning in Canada, and believed to 1)0 in the con- fidence of the Presideist, and are receiving the con- sideration of the Washington Cabinet. Gives his comments upon the subject. Transmits 6 copies of map of Virginia requesting that 1 each be forwarded to Messrs. Mason, Mann, and Jlotze. Mr. Slidells accounts will be adjusted by Treasury Departusent at an early date. Responding to reque4 that emigrnts be admitted to Confederate States and part of territory allotted to them, those who desire to fight for cause of Con- federate States will ise welcomed aisci certain riglsts allowed them. President has not power to dispose of territory, but believes Congress would make lib- eral grants. President will receive delegation and make personal assurances as al)ove. Annexes correspondence i with Polish delegates sent on mission to make ne~otiations for Polish citizens who desire to emigrate andengage in military service of Confederate States and become Confederate citi- zeus. issues instructions regarding passage to these men and remits 50,000 for defraying expenses. Has given delegates letter of introduction. 1 See Aug. Ii letters. 1186 1187 1188 1188 1189 1190 1194 1i94 1196 1196 1197 119 Page 84 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Coutd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. State Department to Cohn J. Mdflse. State Department to Messrs. Collie & Co. State Department to War De- partment. State Department to War De- partment, Quartermaster General. State Department to Polish delegates. 1864. Sept. 1 Sept. 2 - - .do Sept. 5 State Department to Cohn J. Sept. 6 McRae. State Department to Navy De partment. State Department to War De- partment. Sept. 8 ... do John Slidell, Paris, to State De- Sept. 13 partment. (No. 71.) State Department to John Sli- Sept. 15 dell. (No. 42.) State Department to Henry Sept. 15 Hotze, London. (No. 23.) Henry Hotze, London, to State Department. Sept. 17 (No. 49.) Introduces delegation for Polish exiles desirous 01 emi- grating to this country. Introduces Polish delegates: Colonel Smolinski, Chap- lain Mayewsks, Colonel Lenkiewics, Major Bninicki. Requests pass for Polish delegates Requests transportation to Wilmington for Polish delegates. In response to letter of Sept. 3 states that it is not in power of President to make grants of land to com- nsnnities or colonies for excbssive use, thereby de- priving Confederate States citizens of right to settle there. It is hoped to be in power of Confederate States at close of war to be ah le to make grants to such individuals of Polish nation as have rendered services to this Government and by common con- sent they could settle together in any particular locality they might select. Since letter of Sept. 1, after conference with Secretary of Treasury it was decided hest that Mr. McRae forward to Mr. Richard Fitzpatrick, Confederate States commercial agent at Matamoros either in hills of exchange or letters of credit, a sufAcient sum to enable him to provide for expenses of emigrants. Has given letter of introduction to Mr. McRae in favor of Lieutenant H. R. Hislop Melvor, who is resigning to settle private alfairs at home in Scot- land and expects to get hundreds of his countrymen to emigrate to Confederate States. Mr. McRae is requested to furnish passage to those whom he suc- ceeds in securing. Requests passage through blockade for Lieutenant H. R. Hislop Mclvor, who goes to Europe oss public business. Requests orders given to military authorities in trans- Mississippi district to secure p roper reception of Polish and Scotch emigrants when forwardedfrom Matamoras; also to see that promises made to them in regard to organizing regiments, etc., and electing their officers be ke t. Advice from New ~ork justifies anticipations that war will soon be brought to a close by exhaustion of enemy and growing dissatisfaction of northern masses. Discusses political situation of North. if coming events are unfavorable to cause of Con- federate States no friendly action need be expected of France. Gives data regarding cotton bonds. Encloses copy of letter written Secretary of Navy on subject of rules to be observed by Confederate States cruisers in relation to neutrals. President desires that subject be laid before British and French Gov- ernments. It is Important that exact position as- sumed in this matter by Great Britain be obtained and transmitted to State Department. Approves methods adopted by Mr. Hotze. It Is not deemed best to employ an agent In Germany for pur- pose of enlightening public opinion, as strict regard must be paid toexpenditures,and anything done in Germany would probably not influence policy of the two great Western powers. Mentions rapidly failing finances of enemy; suggests conference with Mr. Shi- dell on rules otmaritime warfare,as subject ma~ be profitably discussed in prqss. Encloses copy of re- port made by Commander Wood, Confederate States Navy, calling attention to ollenslee conduct toward him of Vice Admiral Sir James Hope, whom Commo- dore Tattnallaidedin 1859. Discusses military po- sition of Confederate States Army, comparing exag- gerated statements of viotories by North to those made by So,xtherners. President leaves for a few weeks in Georgia. It would be of service to cause if Mr. Hotze could publish in Index additional list of Yankee vessels transferred to neutralsand those that remain mortgaged or pledged in favor of enemy. June Index comprises only year 1863. Encloses correspondence explaining payment of 300 to George McHenry upon recommendation of Messrs. Mason and ~hidehl, on account of secret- service fund, Mr. MeHenrys book and papers on cotton having been approved by Confederate States 84 1200 1200 1201 1201 1201 1202 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 120 Page 85 LIST OF PAPERS. 85 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. Henry Hoize, London, to State Sept. 17 Department. (No. 49.) State Department to John Sli- Sept. 20 dell. (No. 43.) State Department to James M. Mason. Sent. 20 (No. 38.) John Slidell, Paris, to State Sept. 26 Department. (No. 72.) James M. Mason, Paris, to State Sept. 29 Department. (No. 13.) Edward C. Stiles, commander, Confederate States Volunteer Navy, Liverpool, to Messrs. Mason and Slidell, commis- sioners, Confederate States Navy. A. D. Mann to State Depart- ment. Oct. 1 Oct. 5 (No. 109.) Do Oct. 12 (No. 110.) Do Oct. 15 (No.111.) Government. Has paid 150 from same fund to T. B. Kershaw for collecting signatures to a peace address from people of Great Britain and Ireland to people of United States. Leaves in a day or two for Germany. Considers Interests in Germany of greater practicalimportance than in either England or Francesince enemy must recruit Its next army from Germany and rely upon her for gold to carry on war. Plan is to discredit Federal obligations and deter masses from emigration to America. Has dis- patch No. 22, August 1, informing of capture of Con- federate States special mail messenger. Encloses salary accounts. Reviews conduct of French Government which, while professing friendliness, has performed most unfriendly and injurious acts. Gives a summary of ahove actions and directs that a reserved demeanor he maintained toward that Government. Contrast 1)etween England and France is not creditahle to latter, for English Government scarcely disguised itS hostility while France professed sympathy and assisted enemy. Seal transmitted July 6, through Lieutenant Chapman, delivered by him Sept 4 but fears boxes containing pressand wax are lost.~ I6iscussesstatement made to Lord Palmerston by Mr. Mason as to condition of North and prospects of early peace. Conduct of Eng- lish has produced impression that they dread res- toration of peace. Confederate States Government desires recognition, not intervention, by European Governments. Manifesto referred to in circular of Aug. 25, 1864, has been reproduced and favorably noticed by European papers, but wasnot received In official form by com- missioners. Mentions convention between France and Italy concerning withdrawal of French army of occupation from Rome. McClellans acceptance of Chicago nomination destroys hopes of early ending of war. Reportaconversation with French Emperor concerning Confederate States military poastion, prospects of peace, reelection of Lincoln. Copies of manifesto not yet officially received. That part of dispatch No. 36 relating to fabricated papers palmed upon British Government by American Secretary of State will be published in the Index. Will go to Liverpool about middle of October to attend bazaar given by Southern Club at Liverpool and assisted by highest nobility in England who are friends of Confederate States cause for relief of Southern prisoners confined at North. Nothing new in European politics. Enqulres If Mr. Pressers in- vention of new form of railway constructed without Iron, sent to Department more than a year ago, has been tried. Incloses correspondence with Commander Bulloch, Confederate States Navy, who refuses to advance money or purchase steamship Hawk. Reports the absorbing topic of Europe is the Franco- Italian treaty, which has just been communicated to the public- the prospeets for the preservation of the peace of I~urope were never more assuring, with the exception of the Venetian difficulty, than at this moment; everybody desiring to preserve peace. Reports that there is great in~~ation in Belgium at the deception practiced upon the persons who have beeninduced to migrate to the United States by the Lincoln Government; his efforts shall be unceasing to prevent further European mercenarteafrom enter- ing into the service of the United States. Acknowledges receipt of the Circular, which had already appeared in several of the London journals and Galignanis Messenger; states It has had a fair share of European publicity, which he will endeavor to extend further; the manifesto, in the absence of instructions, has not yet been formally communi- catedto the different governments ol Europe. 1212 1216 1217 1219 1220 1221 1223 122 Page 86 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department eorresponde~ee with diplomatic agents, etc. (IB~4)Gontd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. C. J. McJlae, agent, Treasury Oct. 19 Depar:ment, London, to State (No. 1.) Department. I. S1~de1~,to State Department~. A. D. Mann, to State Depart- ment. Do C. J. MeRac, agent, Treasury Department, London, to State Department. A. P. Mann, to State Depart- snent. James M. Mason, Paris, to State Department. John Slidell, Paris, to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys, minister off .tsigna.tfairs. Oct. 20 (No. 73.) Oct. 22 (No.112.) Oct. 28 (No.113.) Nov. 4 Nov. 5 (No.114.) Nov. 10 (No. 14.) Nov. 15 Acknowledges departments letter of Sept. 1 relative to Polish citizens desirous of emigrating to Southern St tes considers profound secrecy necessary for success, and will ask assistance from two personal friends only, Mr. Henry Hotze and Hon. James Wil- liams, now in Vienna; shall dispense with cierical aid and with exception of al)ove-named men and Mr. Prloleau, of firm of Fraser, Trenhoim & Cu.. shall keep mat r a close secret: shall confine tln~ business to Mediterranean, Adriati, cud Levautine ports; has not yet heard from parties referred to. Announces that after consultation witis Messrs. Mason and Mannit was decided to wait for the Bermuda mall before p resenting copiesof the manifesto to the ernment s of Europe; they are to i.e accompanied byajointnotefrom these gentlensen; M. Mercier has been appointed ambassador to Madrid; his successor at Washington is to be the Marquis Chateaurenard, who was lornserlv at the court of Hesse-Cassel. Reports ourrecentJevere reverses hcve~ast a gisosnover many millions of our friends in Furope; hut the last glorious turn from Missouri to the environs of Rich- mond, it is hoped, w~l lead to definitive achieve- meuts. States that intelligence has been received of the State elections which would seem t oindicate a continuance of the Lincoln Government; there is unnaistakalsie evidence that the i3ourse has news of adverses in the North, as the quotations of the Federal bonds were 7 per cent lower; this may indicate the financial crash of the Washington Goverunsent, which is im- patiently awaited by us; the King of Belgium has met the Emperor of the French and the Czar of Rtss- us at Nice. Polish delegates have not arrived, and nothing can be done until they come; requests further instructions in regard to any claim for official position by com- mission; has received proposition similar to this from Colonel Sulahowski,wlsocommanded aregiment started in New Orleans, but resigned and wishes to return in some capacity to the service of ConfsOerate States; fears first-named member of comms~ion re- rred tom departments letter of Sept us not relma- his; mentions persoma of same name who his been an service of United States. Reports Mr. Mason has requested him to meet him in Paris Nov. 6 to arrange with Mr. Slidell and hmnmeif the mode of commisnicating the man festo o~ Con- gress to the different Governmfnts of Ftsrone Regarding resohation that manifesto be laid eure for- eign Governments by coasmissioners noroad i~ is decided, in absence of instructions to Wi c copies made and transmitted through bestions of es~h Government at Paris: can not explan ~xhv prix ~te letter to the President er compasavimig dBpat Is ~o. 12 was not inclosed in it deputment is right isa belief that England affects ta consider recognition of no valise unless fohlue ed b~ acti e inter~ e~atmon Direct point was made by Mr Mason in sosx e sCion with Lord Palmerston that re. 0gm son , on d stop the war, but it is belies ccl 5nr fear it will snomve them in war; mesations reaction ,n . rmnv Ii cli may affect public securutic of I nitod Sises has considered going to (.~crnaanv to ~id cu~e of Con- federate States; has sent to be pulslished in Index, report of Captain Morn C S ~ Florida relting cowardly act of commander of Wachissett in taking advantage of absence of half the crew of Florida to seise her; encloses copy of commissioners joint note transmitting manifesto. Explains why Framice, imi view of her refusal to allow captured vessels to be taken into her ports for pur- pose of restoring neutral property, can not expect Confederate Government to satisfy claims for in- demnity arising from destruction of this property. Submits for consideration expediency of naodifying rules and believes English C overmnent would not he unwilling to pursue a similar course. Will cons- municate to Confederate States Goveramient his excellencys views on subject of alleged commil)ulsory service of Fremacha subjects in armies of Co~federate States. 86 1224 1225 1226 1227 1229 1230 1230 123 Page 87 LIST OF PAPERS. 87 State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. Yames P. Holcombe, Richmond, Nov. 18 to State Department. Do do.... A. D. Mann to State Depart- Nov. 17 ment. (No. 115.) John Slidell, Paris, to State De- Nov. 17 partment. (No.74.) C. J. McRae, agent Treasury Department, Confederate States. Nov. 18 John Slidell, Paris, to State Nov. 28 Dep tment. (No.75.) Do Dec. 13 (No.76.) 3. M. Mason, London, to State Dec. 16 I)epartment. (No. 15.) Reports particulars of conference at Nia ara Falls in connection with Messrs. Clay and TViompson, to which Mr Greeley editor of N. Y. Tribune was in- vited by Geo. Sanders, hut expressed prelerence for Washington as place of meeting, supposing above- named men held quasi diplomatic positions; gives reasons for accepting Mr. Greeleys oiler of a safe conduct to Washington and his own escort. Submits report and account of disbursements of public money while fn British provinces. Expenditures for supply, support, and trans por a Ion of escaped prisoners are separate from those incurred In affair of the Chesapeake. Reports his return from Paris, where he read in the London Times the circular of Oct 10 and has made arrangements to have same extensiveiy published in Brussels. it will he translated into the German language, which will make it sure of a general circu- lation in Belgium, Germany, and holland, good results from which may be expected. Reports delivery of manifesto to Mr. Drouyn de 1.huys and his promise to lay the papers before the Esnperor at next meeting of cabinet; conversation regarding neutral property onboard enemys ships and viola- tion and ~trage upon neutral rights in capture of the Florida in a Brazilian harbor. Refers to Inaction on part of Brazilian Government in the case. An- nexes copy of joint note1 of Nov ii which accons- panted the manifesto and a copy of Mr. Slidells note2 to Mr. Dronyn de Lhuys accompanying ex- tracts from instruefions to our cruisers. Mr. Dronyn de Lhuys requested that attention of Confederate States Government be called to complaints made of forced service of French subjects in its armies. Polish committee has not yet arrived and Col. Sula- kowski having taken offense at first reception is not disposed to communicate with C. J. McRae. Is embarrassed by committee and regrets that instruc- tions to act on own judgment were not given by De- partment. Joint note to different European powers has been forwarded through their several legations with ex- ception of that to Russia, which was mailed to St. Petersburg to minister of foreign affairs. Encloses correspondence In connection with note for Papal States and reply of Earl Russell to joint note claiming that Great Britain will continue to maintain a strIct and impartial neutrality. Dispatch No. 43 received. Had adopted in advance line of conduct toward French Government pointed out therein. Department is in error in statement that French Government forced builders to sell vessels to third parties. Builder of Bordeaux ships made such assertion on his own account. Incloses copy of letter on the subject of 7 per cent loan. Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys has asked opinion of English cabinet relative to neutral merchandise on board enemys ships. Has received answer of Holy See to joint note, encloses copy. Earl Russells reply to note will not be pleasing to North. Learns that Brazilian minister at Washington is instructed to demand ample apology, delivery of the Florida, etc. Has reported in unofficial note information obtained concernin~ sale of Federal securities in Germany. Encloses copy of letter from Earl Russell in answ~sr to joint note of Mason, Slidell, and Mann accom- panying copy of manifesto of Confederate States Con- gress. Gives details of action taken by Mr. Mason in London in case of Lieutenant Young and others claimed for extradition by Uiiited States Govern- ment charging them with felony in their attack on St. Aibans, Vt. Has received, with request for trasms- mittal to President2 an address from Southern Independence Association. It congratulates him on success of arms of Confederate States, etc. En- closes, for War Department, correspondence of the eminent ship builder, Joltn Laird, St. P., of Birken- head (Liverpool). See No. 14, Nov. 10. 2 Not found. 1234 1239 1240 1241 1244 1244 1247 125 Page 88 LIST OF PAPERS. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1864)Contd. From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. A. Dudley Mann, Brussels, to Dec. 16 State Department. (No. 119) State Department to Henry Dec. 19 Hotze. (No. 24) State Department to lion. John Dec. Slidell. 27 State Department to Hon. Dec. 30 J. M. Mason. (No. 39) Suggests that Germanic Confederation and Holland be inclujled. Most important object to be accom- plished by Confederate States Government in Eu- rope is to harm credit of Federal States and deprive them thus of troops and sinews of war. German Diet has formally recognized Maxmilian as Emperor of Mexico, and if it chooses can formally introduce Confederate States into circle of nations. Dispatch No. 46 still missing. Foreign correspond- ence unsettled 1w loss of mails per Condor and Hope. Encloses draft for 2,000. Further remittance will be sent in 6 or 8 weeks. Mr. l-lotzes estimate of 6,000 per annum is reasonable. Latest Index received is Oct. 27. Feels certain Great Britain will be forced into war with United States soon, owing to timidity and subservient concessions of British Cabiner. British Government will receive retribu- tion for its injustice to Confederate States. Dispatches 69 to 73 received. Confederate States have for nearly 4 years resisted power of United States aided by England and France through their attitude regarding the blockade and failure to recognize the independence of the Confederate States. Gives reasons for belief that Uniled States will pursue aggressive policy toward England and France on first favorable occasion, it is due to the Confederate States that purposes of France and England in relation to present contest be declared. Dispatch will be delivered by Hon. Duncan F. Kenner, and verbal communications made by him on above subject may be relied upon. Dispatch No. 13 of Sept. 29 is last received, and boxes containing press, etc for use of seal of Confederacy have not arrived. If fost, desires that they be dupli- cated. Substance of remainder of letter same as to Mr. Slidell of Dec. 27. President requests that Mr. Mason confer with Mr. Slidell on this subject, after obtain- ing information which Mr. Kenner is authorized to give verbally, and deci~e upon best means to elicit decisive response from Gt. Britain and France as to their intentions in relation to this war. State Department correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1865). From and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. Do Do 1865. Jan. 12 (No. 16.) Jan. 21 (No. 17.) Feb. (No. 18.) Some 2 weeks agolearncdthatthe French Government had made a proposition to the liritish Government that each power should permit our prizes, having cargo, in whole or in part claimed as property of the subjects of either, to be taken for adjudication into the ports of either, respectively. So far the only answer was that the question had be~ referred to the Crown lawyers. Reports that only a duplicate of No. 12 and some private letters went down on the ship Condor when she was lost. hears from Mr. Mann from Brussels that the Federal bonds are very buoy- ant there, Amsterdam and Frankfort, under the in- fluence of reports of our reverses in Tennessee and Georgia. Nothing of interest to report since his last dispatch, as no answer has yet been received to Frances proposal to England concerning p rises and their cargoes. Many enquiries mad cia tely by onr well-wishers as to whether the South will increase its military force by arming large bodies of slaves. The failure of our enemy off Wilmington came most opportunely to af- fect public opinion here in regard to the reverses that seemed to attend the campaign of General Hood. Transmits by Lieutenant Carter an address by the Southern Independence Association of Mancl~ester to the President. has heard with great regret of the capture of Fort Fisher and other defenses protect- ing the port of Wilmington. Notwithstanding our late disasters, the Confederate loan maintains itself 88 1251 1252 1253 1256 1257 1258 126 Page 89 LIST OF PAPERS. 89 State Departnient correspondence with diplomatic agents, etc. (1865)Coutti. From and to whom. Date. J. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. J. Slidell to State Department.. 1865. Feb. (No. 18.) Feb. 7 (No. 79.) Do Feb. 24 (No. 81.) State Department to J. M. Mason. .1. M. Mason to State Depart- ment. Do Do Mar. 25 (No. 40.) Mar. 31 (No. 19.) Mar. 31 (No. 20.) May 1 (No. 21.) Subject. comparatively well. The port of Wilmington being no longer open, fears that communication with home will be seriously impeded. But will write to Ber- muda and Nassau under cover to our agents there. Reports no letters received since Sept. 20, 1864. Will send communications to Colonel Helms care at Ha- vana, thence to be forwarded to Galveston or Mats- moras. Unfavorable news has caued doubts of our ability to maintain our independence. Transcribes a copy of a note of Mr. Blairs visit to the Confed- eracy. Comments on the rumor tisat Sonora is to be ceded to France by a private arrangement be- tween Napoleon and Maximilian, which may be unfounded. Reports that the C. S. S. Stonewall was permitted to make repairs and receive sup p lies at Ferrol, Captain Page having attention and facility while there for the same. The Emperor, in his discourse at the opening of the French chambers, was entirely silent on the sul)ject of American aifairs. Gives the reasons for the Emperors silence on our affairs. Messrs. Mason, Mann and myself all agree that theletter tbe Secretary of I~oreign Allairs addressed to us was ex- tremelyinsolentandoffensive, and hopethe Secretary of State will not disapprove of our answer. Transmits copies of a recent correspondence between General Grant and General Lee. Transmits copies of the correspondence between Earl Russell andt he Messrs. Mason, Slidell, and Mann. This dispatch and enclosures will be carried by Com- modore Barron, who returns home via Texas. Re- grets that the two cases containing materials for the seal failed to reach you. They were sent to Fraser, Trenholm & Co on July 5last, to be sent to the Con- federacy via Halifax and Bermuda. Has requested Fraser, Trenlioim & Co. to try to trace them. Re- ceived a letter recently from Mr. Abbott, consul in Canada, for Lieutenant Young and others claimed for extradition by the United States. Time case was put in the hands of solicitors to line linresented to Sir Hugh Cairns, with a request for action. The opinion was favorable, and I have paid the costs and charged them to the contingent fund. Reports his activities in London in regard to instruc- tions received from State Department in relation to an interview with Lord Palmerston and gives de- tails of a conversation held with Lord Palmerston at Cambridge house, Mar. 14, 1865. Also encloses min- utes ofaconversation held with Earl of Donoughinore Mar. 26, 1865, concerning recognition of the Confed- eracy. Reports Captain Maury sails to-morrow with this dis- patch and with duplicates of Nos. 19 and 20 dated Mar. 31. The evacuation of Hiebmond and surrender of Lee have produced the belief in Europe generally that further resistance is hopeless and that the war is at an end. States he does not thisik so, and will en- deavor to disabuse the public mind. The Presidents proclamation at Danville has not had the effect to reassure. The assassination of Lincoln and attempt on the life of Seward produced a great shock to all classes in London. Will await the views of the Gov- ernmentrelative to the eontinuance of commissioners abroad, and remain in London until further orders. Page. 1260 1263 1264 1266 1270 1277 Journal of the Provisional Con gre8s, 8ecre~t 8e88z0n, February 1~, 1861. On motion of Mr. Thomas IR. R. Cobb, the Congress, being in open Session, at 12.30 oclock p. in., resolved to go into secret session when the following action was had: Mr. Walker offered the following resolution: Re8olved, That the Committee on Foreign Affairs be instructed to inquire into the propriety of sending a cowmission to the Govern- ments of Great Britain and France and other European powers Page 90 90 LIST OF PAPERS. The resolution was read the second time. Mr. Withers moved to lay the same on the table; which motion was lost. The resolution ~as then read the third time and adopted. Mr. Chilton offered the following resolutions: Resolved by the Confederate States of America in Provisional Con- gress assem bled, That commissioners be appointed by this Congress to the United States of America, to proceed forthwith to Washing- ton City to represent this Government at the Government of the United States. (2) Resolved by the authority aforesaid, That said commissioners be instructed to obtain a recognition by the United States of America of this Confederacy as an independent Government. (3) Resolved, etc., That said commissioners be instructed to enter into and consummate ne~otiatioiis for the delivery to this Govern- ment of all forts, arsenals, and other pul)lic property within the limits of this Confederacy, and, if necessary, to make a formal de- mand on the part of this Government of the same. (4) Resolved, etc., That said commissioners be, and they are hereby, instructed to announce to the Government of the United States (if in the opinion of such commissioners any doubt shall exist on the part of such Government making such announcement proper) that the Confederate States of America having been organized as a separate and independent republic are determined to maintain said Government, and that no proposition for a reconstruction of the Gov- ernment of the United States by which the States of this Confederacy or any of them shall become reunited to the Government of the United States, will be entertained by this Government. (5) Resolved, etc., That said commissioners be further instructed to present to the Government of the United States assurances of the sincere wish on the part of this Government to preserve the most friendly relations between the two Governments an(l the States com- prising the same, and to settle, by peaceful negotiations, all matters connected with the public property and the indebtedness of the Gov- ernment of the United States existing 1)efore the withdrawal of any of the States of this Confederacy; and to this end said conimissioners are hereby fully empowered to negotiate with the Government of the United States in reference to said matters, and to adjust the same upon principles of justice, equality, and right. (6) Resofved, etc., That said commissioners shall be controlled by the foregoing resolution until the President-elect for this Confeder- acy shall have been installed into office, at which time said commis- sioners shall be guided by instructions from the President officially announced to them. Inaugural a(ldress of the Pre~Jdcnt of the Prori4onal Government. FEBRUARY 18, 1861. Gentlemen of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, friends, and fellow citizens: Called to the difficult and responsible station of Chief Magistrate of the Provisional Government which yo Page 91 LIST OF PAPERS. 91 have instituted, I approach the discharge of the duties assigned to me with humble distrust of my abilities, but with a sustaining confidence in the wisdom of those who are to guide and aid me in the adminis- tration of public affairs and an abiding faith in the virtue and patriotism of the people. Looking forward to the speedy establish- ment of a permanent Government to take the place of this, which by its greater moral and physical power will be better able to combat with many difficulties that arise from the conflicting interests of separate nations, I enter upon the duties of the office to which I have been chosen with the hope that the beginning of our career as a Confederacy may not be obstructed by hostile opposition to our en- joyment of the separate existence and independence we have asserted, and which, with the blessing of Providence. we intend to maintain. Our present political position has been achieved in a manner unprecedented in the history of nations. It illustrates the American idea that governments rest on the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of the people to alter or abolish them at will whenever they become destructive to the ends for which they were established. The declared purpose of the compact of the Union from which we have withdrawn was to establish justice. insure domestic tran- quillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general wel- fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos- terity, and when, in the judg-inent of the sovereign States composing this Confederacy, it has been perverted from the purposes for which it was ordained and ceased to answer the ends for which it was established, a peaceful appeal to the ballot box declared that, so far as they are concerned, the Govermnent created by that compact should cease to exist. In this they merely asserted the riaht which the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, deflujed to be inalienable. Of the time and occasion of its exercise they as sovereiuns were the final judges, each for himself. The impartial and enlightened verdict of mankind will vindicate the rectitude of our conduct; and He who knows the hearts of men will judge of the sincerity with which we have labored to preserve the Government of our fathers in its spirit. The right solemnly proclaimed at the birth of the United States, and which has been solemnly affirmed and reaffirmed in the Bills of Rights of the States subsequently admitted into the Union of 1789, undeniably recognizes in the people the power to resume the author- ity delegated for the purposes of government. Thus the sovereign States here represented have proceeded to form this Confederacy; and it is by abuse of language that their act has been denominated a revoluti& n. They formed a new alliance, but within each State its government has remained; so that the rights of person and property have not been disturbed. The agent through which they coinmuni- cated with foreign nations is changed, but this does not necessarily interrupt their international relations. Sustained by the conscious- ness that the transition from the former Union to the present Con- federacy has not proceeded from a disregard on our part of just obligations or any failure to perform every constitutional duty, moved by no interest or passion to invade the rights of others, anxious to cultivate peace and commerce with all nations, if we may not hope to avoid war we may at least expect that posterity wil Page 92 92 LIST OF PAPERS. acquit us of having needlessly engaged in it. Doubly justified by the absence of wrong on our part and by wanton aggression on the part of others, there can be no cause to doubt that the courage and patriotism of the people of the Confederate States will be found equal to any measure of defense which their honor and security may require. An agricultural people, whose chief interest is the export of commodities required in every manufacturing country, our true p01- icy is peace and the freest trade which our necessities will permit. It is alike our interest and that of all those to whom we would sell and from whom we would buy that there should be the fewest prac- ticable restrictions upon the interchange of these commodities. There can, however, be but little rivalry between ours and any manu- facturing or navigating community, such as the Northeastern States of the American Union. It must follow, therefore, that mutual interest will invite to good will and kind offices on both parts. If, however, passion of lust of dominion should cloud the judgment or inflame the ambition of those States, we must prepare to meet the emergency and maintain, by the final arbitrament of the sword, the position which we have assumed among the nations of the earth. We have entered upon the career of independence, and it must .be inflexibly pursued. Through many years of controversy with our late associat~s of the Northern States we have vainly endeavored to secure tranquillity and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled. As a necessity, not a choice, we have resorted to the remedy of separation, and henceforth our energies must be directed to the conduct of our own affairs and the perpetuity of the Con- federacy which w~ have formed. If a just perception of mutual interest shall permit us peaceably to pursue our separate political career, my most earnest desire will have been fulfilled. But if this be denied to us, and the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction be assailed, it will but remain for us with firm resolve to appeal to arms and invoke the blessing of Providence on a just cause. As a consequence of our new condition and relations, and with a view to meet anticipated wants, it will be necessary to provide for the speedy and efficient organization of branches of the executive department having special charge of foreign intercourse, finance, military affairs, and the postal service. For purposes of defense the Confederate States may, under ordinary circumstances, rely mainly upon the militia; but it is deemed advisable, in the present condition of affairs, that there should be a well instructed and dis- ciplined army, more numerous than would usually be required on a peace establishment. I also suggest that for the protection of our harbors and commerce on the high seas a navy adapted to those objects will be required. But this, as well as other subjects appro- priate to our necessities, have doubtless engaged the attention of Congress. With a constitution differing only from that of our fathers in so far as it is explanatory of their well-known intent, freed from sectional conflicts which have interfered with the pursuit of the gen- eral welfare, it is not unreasonable to expect that States from which we have recently parted may seek to unite their fortunes to ours under the Government which we have instituted. For this your Constitution makes adequate provision; but beyond this, if I mis Page 93 LIST OF PAPERS. 93 take not the judgment and will of the people, a reunion with the States from which we have separated is neither practicable nor desirable. To increase the power, develop the resources, and promote the happiness of the Confederacy, it is requisite that there should be so much of homogeneity that the welfare of every portion shall be the aim of the whole. When this does not exist, antagonisms are en- gendered which must and should result in separation. Actuated solely by the desire to preserve our own rights and pro- mote our own welfare the separation by the Confederate States has been marked by no aggression upon others and followed by no do- mestic convulsion. Our industrial pursuits have received no check, the cultivation of our fields has progressed as heretofore, and, even should we be involved in war there would be no considerable diminu- tion in the production of the staples which have constituted our exports, and in which the commercial world has an interest scarcely less than our own. This common interest of the producer and consumer can only be interrupted by exterior force which would ob- struct the transmission of our staples to foreign markets, a course of conduct which would be as unjust as it would be detrimental to manufacturing and commercial interests abroad. Should reason guide the action of the Government from which we have separated, a policy so detrimental to the civilized world the Northern States included, could not be dictated by even th~ strongest desire to inflict injury upon us; but, if the contrary should Irove true a terrible responsibility will rest upon it, and the suf- fering of millions will bear testimony to the folly and wickedness of our aggressors. In the meantime there will remain to us, besides the ordinary means before suggested, the well-known resources for retaliation upon the commerce of an enemy. Experience in public stations of subordinate grade to this, which you~ kindness has conferred, has taught me that toil and care and disappointment are the price of official elevation. You will see many errors to forgive and many deficiencies to tolerate, but you shall not find in me either want of zeal or fidelity to the cause that is to me the highest in hope and of most enduring affection. Your gen- erosity has bestowed upon me an undeserved distinction, one which I neither sought nor desired. Upon the continuance of that senti- ment and upon your wisdom and patriotism I rely to direct and support me in the performance of the duties required at my hands. We have changed the constituent parts, but not the system of government. The Constitution framed by our fathers is that of these Confederate States. In their exposition of it, and in the judicial construction it has received, we have a light which reveals its true meaning. Thus instructed as to the true meaning and just interpretation of that instrument, and ever remembering that all offices are but trusts held for the people, and that powers delegated are to be strictly construed, I will hope by due diligence in the performance- of my duties, though I may disappoint your expectations, yet to retain when retiring something of the good will and confidence which welcome my entrance into office. It is joyous in ~he midst of perilous times to look around upon a people united in heart, where one purpose of high resolve animate Page 94 94 LIST OF PAPERS. and actuates the whole; where the sacrifices to be made are not weighed in the balance against honor and right and liberty and equality. Obstacles may retard, but they can not long prevent the progress of a movement sanctified by its justice and sustained by a virtuous people. Reverently let us invoke the God of our fathers to guide and protect us in our efforts to perpetuate the principles which by his blessing they were able to vindicate, establish, and trans- mit to their posterity. With the continuance of his favor ever gratefully acknowledged we may hopefully look forward to suc- cess, to peace, and to prosperity. The P~~esident of the United States. SIR: Being animated by an earnest desire to unite and bind to- gether our respective countries by friendly ties, I have appointed Martin G. Crawford, John Forsyth, and A. B. Roman, three of our most esteemed and trustworthy citizens, as Special Commissioners of the Confederate States, and I have now the honor to introduce them to you, and to ask for them a reception and a treatment correspond- ing to their station and to the purposes for which they are sent. Those purposes they will more fully explain to you. Hoping that through their agency these may be accomplished, I avail myself of this occasion to offer to you the assurances of my distinguished con- sideration. JEFFERSON DAVIS. MONTGOMERY, February 27, 1861. Je/Jerson~ Davis, President of the Confederate States of Amerca, to all whom~ these presents shall concern, greeting. Know ye that for the purpose of establishin~ friendly relations between the Confederate States and the United states, and repo~ing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of Martin G. Crawford, John Forsyth. an A B .R oman, appointed Special Commissioners of the Confederate States to the United States, I have investezl them with full and all manner of power and authority for~. and in the name of the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the Gov- ernment of the United States, being furnished with like power and authority, and with them to agree~ treat, consult, and negotiate of, and concernino- all matters and subjects interesting to both Nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or con ventions touching the premises, transmitting the same to the Presi- dent of tile Confederate States for his final ratification by and with the consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Montgomery this 27th day of February, A. D. 1861, and of the independence of the Confederate States the 8~th. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS, R. TOO~Rs, Secretary of State Page 94A 94 ROBERT TOOMBS, Secretary of State, Confederate States, 1861 Page 94B Page 95 LIST OF PAPERS. 95 7he President of the United States. SIR: Being animated by an earnest desire to unite and bind to- gether our respective countries by friendly ties, I have ~appointed Martin G. Crawford, one of our most esteemed and trustworthy citizens, a Special Commissioner of the Confederate States to the Government of the United States; and I have now the honor to introduce him to you and to ask for him a re@eption and tneatment corresponding to his station and to the purpose for which he is sent. These purposes he will more particularly explain to you. Hoping that through his agency these may be accomplished. I avail myself of this occasion to offer to you the assurances of my dis- tinguished consideration. JEFFERSON DAVIs. MONTGOMERY, Februaxy 27, 1861. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to all whom~ these presents shall concern, greeting: Know ye that for the purpose of reestablishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the United States of America, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence and abilities of Martin G. Crawford, appointed Special Commissioner of the Confederate States to the United States, I have invested him with full and all manner of power for and in the name of the Confederate States to meet and confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the Government of the United States being ~furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate of and concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Con- federate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to he hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Montgomery this 27th day of February. A. D. 1861, and of the independence of the Confederate States the 85th. [SEAL] JEFFERSON DAvIS. R. TooMBs, Secretari~ of State. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to all whom these presents shall concern, greeting: Know ye that for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the United King- dom of Great Britain and Ireland, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of William L. Yancey. Pierre A. Rost, and A. Dudley Mann, appointed Special Com- missioners of the Confederate States to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, I have invested them or any two of them, an Page 96 96 LIST OF PAPERS. in the case of the death, absence, or disability of any two of them, any one of them, with full and all manner of power and authority for, and in the name of, the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons, duly authorized by the British Govern- ment, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate of and concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Montgomery, this 16th day of March. A. D. 1861, and of the Independence of the Confederate States of America the 85th. [sEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. Too~ins, Secretary of State. PROCLAMATIONS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES.. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas an extraordinary occasion has occurred, rendering it necessary and proper that the Congress of the Confederate States shall convene to receive and act upon such communications as may be made to it on the part of the Executive; Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, do issue this my proclamation, convoking the Congress of the Confederate States for the transaction of business at the capitol, in the city of Montgomery, on the 29th day of April, at twelve oclock noon of that day, of which all who shall at that time be entitled to act as members of that body are hereby required to take notice. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States, at Montgomery, this 12th day of April, A. D. 1861. [L.s.1 JEFFERSON DAvIS. By the President: R. TooMBs, Secretary of State. TIlE PRESIDENT OF TIlE CONFEDERATE STATES. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, Abraham Lincoln, the President of the United States, has, by proclamation, announced the intention of invading this Con- federacy with an armed force for the purpose of capturing its fort- resses, and thereby subverting its independence and subjecting th Page 97 LIST OF PAPERS. 97 free people thereof to the dominion of a foreign power; and, whereas, it has thus become the duty of this Government to repel the threat- ened invasion, and to defend the rights and liberties of the people by all the means which the laws of nations and the usages of civilized warfare place at its disposal; Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation, inviting all those who may desire, by service in private armed vessels on the high seas, to aid this Government in resisting so wanton and wicked an aggres- sion, to make application for commissions or letters of marque and reprisal to be issued under the seal of these Confederate States. And I do further notify all persons applying for letters of marque to make a statement in writing, giving the name and a suitable de- scription of the character, tonnage, and force of the vessel, and the name and place of residence of each owner concerning therein, and the intended number of the crew, and to sign said statement and deliver the same to the Secretary, of State, or to the collector of any port of entry of these Confederate States, to be by him transmitted to the Secretary of State. And I do further notify all applicants aforesaid that before any commission or letter of marque is issued to any vessel, the owner or owners thereof, and the commander for the time being, will be re- quired to give bond to the Confederate States, with at least two re- sponsible sureties, not interested in such vessel, in the penal sum of five thousand dollars; or if such vessel be provided with more than one hundred and fifty men, then in the penal sum of ten thousand dollars, with condition that the owners, officers, and crew who shall be employed on board such commissioned vessel shall observe the laws of these Confederate States and the instructions given to them for the regulation of their conduct. That they shall satisfy all damages (lone contrary to the tenor thereof by such vessel during her com- mission, and deliver up the same when revoked by the President of the Confederate States. And I do further specially enjoin on all persons holding offices, civil and military, under the authority of the Confederate States, that they be vigilant and zealous in discharging the duties incident thereto; and I do, moreover, solemnly exhort the good people of these Confederate States, as they love their country, as they prize the blessings of free government, as they feel the wrongs of the past and these now threatened in aggravated form by those whose enmity is more implacable because unprovoked, that they exert themselves in preserving order, in promoting concord, in maintaining the authority and efficacy of the laws, and in supporting and invigorat- ing all the measures which may I e adopted for the common defense, and by which under the blessings of Divine Providence, we may hope for a speedy, just, and honorable peace. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the Confederate States to be affixed, this seventeenth day of April, 1861. (Signed) JEFFERSON DAvIS. By the President: R. Too~tBs, Secretary of State. l76429022voL 3 Page 98 98 LIST OF PAPEES. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of A merica, to all whom these presents shall concern, greeting: Know ye, that for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Commonwealth of Virginia, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integ- rity, prudence, and ability of Alexander U. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, appointed special commis- sioner of the Confederate States to the Commonwealth of Virginia, I have invested him with full and all manner of power and author- ity, for and in the name of the Confederate States, to meet and con- fer with any person or persons authorized by the government of Vir- ginia, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate of and concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both Republics; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and With the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Montgomery this 19th day of April, A. ID. 1861. JEFFN DAVIS By the President: ROBERT TOOMBS, Secretary of state. Resolution of thanks. Be it unanimously resolved by the Congress of Me Confederate States of America, That the thanks of the people of the Confed- erate States are due, and through this Congress are hereby ten- dered, to Brigadier-General P. G. T. Beauregard and the officers, military and naval, under his command, and to the gallant troops of the state of South Carolina, for the skill, fortitude, and courage by which they reduced and caused the surrender of Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, on the twelfth and thirteenth days of April, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. And the commendation of Congress is also hereby declared of the generosity manifested by their conduct toward a brave and vanquished foe. Be it further resoired, That a copy of this resolution be communi- cated by the President to General teauregard and through him to the army then under his command. Approved May 4, 1861. PROCLAMATIONS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES A PROCLAMATION Whereas a treaty or convention of alliance, offensive, and defensive, between the Confederate States of America and the Commonwealth of Virginia, was concluded and signed at the city of Richmond o Page 99 LIST OF PAPERS. 99 the 24th day of April, A. D. 1861, which treaty or convention of alliance is, word for word, as follows.: And whereas, the said treaty or eonventioii of alliance has been duly ratified on both parts: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, have caused the said treaty or convention of alliance to be made public, to the end that the same, and every clause and article thereof, may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the Confederate States and the citizens thereof. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Confederate States to be affixed at the city of Montgomery this 8th day of May, A. D. 1861. JEFFN DAVIS. By the President: li. TOOMBS, Secretary of State. Jeff erson Davis, President of the (on federate States of America, to the President of the Republic of Mexico: Reposing special trust and confidence in the ability, integrity, and prudence of John T. Pickett, Esquire, a citizen of the Confederate States of America, I have selected and duly commissioned him to act as agent of the Confederate States near the Government of Mexico. These are therefore to request that your Excellency will receive him in such capacity, and will extend to him the same friendly aid and protection, as would be extended to agents of a like character ac- credited by the Government of Mexico to that of the Confederate States. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States of America, in the city of Montgomery, this seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. F SEAL.1 JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. TOO1~IBS, Secretary of State. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Department of State. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye, that the bearer hereof, John T. Pickett, Esquire, is l)ro- ceeding to Mexico, as a special agent of this Government. These are therefore to request all whom it may concern, to permit him and the persons of his suite to pass freely without let or molesta- tion, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and protection as would be extended to special agents of foreio~n countries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I, Robert Toombs, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this Department to be affixed, at Montgomery, this seventeenth day of May, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] K. TOOMBS, Secretary of State Page 100 100 LIST OF PAPERS. A PROCLAMATION. To all who shall see these presents, greeting: Know ye, that by virtue of the power vested in me by law I have commissioned and do hereby commission, have authorized and do hereby authorize, the schooner or vessel called the Savannah (more particularly described in the schedule hereunto annexed), whereof T. Harrison Baker is commander, to act as a private armed vessel in the service of the Confederate States on the high seas against the United States of America, their ships, vessels, goods, and effects, and those of their citizens during the pendency of the war now existing between the said Confederate States and the said United States. This commission to continue in force until revoked by the Presi- dent of the Confederate States for the time being. Given under my hand and seal of the Confederate States at Mont- gomery this 18th day of May, A. D. 1861. JEFFN DAVIS. By the President: IR. Too~IBs, Secretary of State. An act to amend an act entitled An act recognizing the existence of war between the United States and the Confederate States, and concerning letters of margue, prizes, and prize goods, approved hay 6, 1861. The Congress of the Confederate States [of America] do enact, That the tenth section of the above entitled act be so amended that, in addition to the bounty therein mentioned, the Government of the Confederate States will pay to the cruiser or cruisers of any private armed vessel commissioned under said act 20 per centum on the value of each and every vessel of war belonging to the enemy that may be sunk or destroyed by such private armed vessel or vessels, the value of the armament to be included in the estimate; the valua- tion to be made by a board of naval officers appointed and their award. to be approved by the President, and the amount found to be due to be payable in 8 per cent bonds of the Confederate States. SEc. 2. That if any person who may have invented or may here- after invent any new kind of armed vessel, or floating battery, or defense, shall deposit a plan of the same, accompanied by suitable explanations or specifications, in the Navy Department, together with an affidavit setting forth that he is the inventor thereof, such deposit and affidavit (unless the facts set forth therein shall be dis- proved) shall entitle such inventor or his assigns to the sole and exclusive enjoyment of the rights and privileges conferred by this act, reserving, however, to the Government, in all cases. the right of using such invention. Approved May 21, 1861 Page 101 LIST OF PAPERS. 101 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, May ~2, 1831. EXCELLENCY: Animated by an earnest desire to preserve the most friendly and peaceful relations between the people of the Con- federate States of America and those of Mexico, I have charged J. A. Quintero, Esq., to proceed immediately to the seat of your Government to assure you of the amicable disposition of the people of the Confederate States toward those of Mexico and of their anxiety to maintain with them terms of friendship and good neigh- borhoqd. Although an accredited political agent of the Confederate States has been sent to the City of Mexico, I have thought it proper, owing to the distance of your residence from that city and the absence of speedy and constant communication with the Central Government, to send you this special message. It is credibly reported to this Government that evil-disposed Mexican citizens residing within the limits of your jurisdiction have planned predatory expeditions again~t the citizens of the State of Texas. I feel assured that it is only necessary to bring this fact to your notice to insure the employment by you of all the means in your power to prevent any such invasion of the soil of the Confed- erate States, the detection and punishment of the offenders, and the adoption of effective measures to defeat all attempts to violate the laws and disturb the peace of the Confederate States by Mexican citizens. The Government of the Confederate States will use every effort to insure the maintenance of peace on the borders by enforcing on its citizens the strict observance of the obligations of international law and the duties of good neighborhood, and expects that your Excellency will be equally vigilant. Mr. Quintero, who possesses my confidence, and is possessed of the views of this Government, will explain to you more fully the pur- poses for which lie is sent to your Excellency. I avail myself of this occasion to convey to you the assurance of my high consideration. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I{. Too~ins, ~Secretary of State. To His Excellency General VIDAURRI, Governor and Coqr& rnandei in Chief of the iliexican Proviace of New Leon, etc. PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. Whereas a treaty or convention of alliance, offensive and de- fensive, between the Confederate States of America and the State of Tennessee, was concluded and signed at the city of Nashville on the seventh day of May, A. D. 1861, the original of which treaty or convention is hereunto attached Page 102 102 LIST OF PAPERS. And whereas the said treaty or convention has been duly ratified on both parts: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, have caused the said treaty or convention to be made public, to the end that the same and every clause and article thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the Confederate States and the citizens thereof. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Confederate States to be affixed at the city of Mont- gomery, this twenty-fourth day of May, A. D. 18~l. f SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAvIS. By the President: R. TOOMBS, Secretary of State. A PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. To the reo pie of the Confederate States: When a people who recognize their dependence upon God feel themselves surrounded by peril and difficulty, it becomes them to humble themselves under the dispensation of Divine Providence, to recognize His righteous government, to acknowledge His goodness in times past. and supplicate His merciful protection for the future. The manifest proofs of the Divine blessing hitherto extended to the efforts of the people of the Confederate States of America, to maintain and perpetuate public liberty, individual rights, and na- tional independence, demand their devout and heartfelt gratitude. It becomes them to give public manifestation of this gratitude, and of their dependence upon the Judge of all the earth, and to invoke the continuance of His favor. Knowing that none but a just and righteous cause can gain the Divine favor, we would im- plore the Lord of Hosts to guide and direct our policy in the l)aths of right, duty, justice, and mercy, to unite our hearts and our efforts for the defense of our dearest rights; to strengthen our weakness, crown our arms with success, and enable us to secure a speedy, just, and honorable peace. To these ends, and in conformity with the request of Congress, I invite the people of the Confederate States to the observance of a day of fasting and prayer by such religious services as may be suitable for the occasion, and I recommend Thursday, the 13th day of June next, for that purpose, and that we may all, on that day, with one accord, join in humble and reverential approach to Him in whose hands we are, invoking Him to inspire us with a proper spirit and temper of heart and mind to bear our evils, to bless us with His favor and protection, and to bestow His gracious benedic- tion upon our Government and country. JEFFERSON DAvis. By the President: R. TOOMBS, Secretary of State. [MAY 28, 1861. Page 103 LIST OF PAPERS. 108 PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. Whereas, by an act of the (Congress of the Confederate States of America, approved May 1Z, 1861, it is provided that the State of Tennessee, shall be admitted a member of the Confederate States of America, upon an equal footing with the other States, under the Constitution for the Provisional Government of the same; upon the condition that the said Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States shall be adopted and ratified by the prop- erly and legally constituted authorities of said State; and the Gov- ernor of said State shall transmit to the President of the Confederate States, before the reassembling of Congress, an authentic copy of the proceedings touching said adoption and ratification by said State of said Provisional Constitution; upon the receipt whereof the President, by proclamation, shall announce the fact. Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation, making known to all whom it may concern that authentic information has been re- ceived by me of the adoption and ratification, by the properly and legally constituted .authorities of the State of Tennessee of the Con- stitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and that a certified copy has been transmitted to me by the governor of said State, of the proceedings touching said adoption and ratifica- tion by said State of said Provisional Constitution, to the end that the admission of the said State of Tennessee into the Confederacy be considered as complete, and the laws of the Confederacy thereby extended over said State as fully and completely as over the other States now composing the same. In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name and caused the seal of the Confederate States to be affixed at the city of Richmond this second day of July, A. D. 18f31. [sEAL.1 JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. TOOMB5, Secretary of State. Letter of President Davis to President Lincoln. RICHMOND, July 6, 1861. To Abraham Lincoln, President and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. Sw: Having learned that the schooner Savannah, a private armed vessel in the service, and sailing under a commission issued by au- thority of the Confederate States of America, had been captured by one of the vessels forming the blockading squadron off Charleston harbor, I directed a proposition to be made to the officer command- ing that squadron f~r an exchange of the officers and crew of the Sacannah for prisoners of war held by this Government according to nuniber and rank. To this proposition, made on the 19th ultimo Page 104 104 LIST OF PAPERS. Captain Mercer, the officer in command of the blockading squadron, made answer on the same day that the prisoners (referred to) are not on board of any of the vessels under my command. It now appears by statements made without contradiction in newspapers published in New York, that the prisoners above men- tioned were conveyed to that city, and have there been treated not as prisoners of war, but as criminals; that they have been put in irons, confined in jail, brought before the courts of justice on charges of piracy and treason, and it is even rumored that they have been actu- ally convicted of the offenses charged, for no other reason than that they bore arms in defense of the rights of this Government and under the authority of its commission. I could not, without grave discourtesy, have made the newspaper statements above referred to the subject of this communication, if the threat of treating as pirates the citizens of this Confederacy, armed for service on the high seas, had not been contained in your procla- mation of the April last, That proclamation, however, seems to afford a sufficient justification for considering these published state- inents as not devoid of probability. It is the desire of this Government so to conduct the war now existing as to mitigate its horrors as far as may be possible, and with this intent its treatment of the prisoners captured by its forces has been marked by the greatest humanity and leniency consistent with public obligations; some have been permitted to return home on parole, others to remajn at large under similar conditions within this Confederacy, and all have been furnished with rations for their subsistence such as are allowed to our own troops. It is only since the news has been received of the treatment of the prisoners taken on the Savannah that I have been compelled to withdraw these indul- gencies and to hold the prisoners taken by us in strict confinement. A just regard to humanity and to the honor of this Government now requires me to state explicitly that, painful as will be the neces- sity, this Government will deal out to the prisoners held by it the same treatment and the same fate as shall be experienced by those capture(l on the Savannah and if driven to the terrible necessity of retaliation by your execution of any of the officers or the crew of the Savannah, that retaliation will be extended so far as shall be requisite to secure the abandonment of a practice unknown to the warfare of civilized man and so barbarous as to disgrace the nation which shall be guilty of inaugurating it. With this view, and because it may not have reached you, I now renew the proposition made to the commander of the blockading sqllat7lron to exchange for the prisoners taken on the Savannah an equal number of those now held by us, according to rank. I am, yours, etc., JEFFERSON DAvIS President and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to all whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the integ- rity, prudence. and abilities of Charles J. Helm, esquire, I hav Page 105 LIST OF PAPERS. 105 appointed him special agent of the Confederate States of America, to visit the Spanish, British, and Danish possessions in the West indies, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between them and the Government of the Confederate States of America. These are, therefore, to request all whom it may concern to receive him in such capacity and to extend to him all friendly aid and protection, and to give full credence to whatever representations he may make in behalf of the Government of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of the Confederate States to be affixed at the city of Rich- mond this 22d day of July, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. TOOMBS, Secretary of State. cONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Pepartment of State. To all to whom these present8 shall Co , greeting: Know ye that the bearer hereof, Mr. Charles J. Helm, is proceeding to Havana as a special agent of this Government. These are, therefore, to request all whom it may concern to permit him and the persons of his suite to pass freely without let or molesta- tion, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and protection as would be extended to special agents of foreign countries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I, Robert Toombs, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this department to be affixed at the city of Rich- mond, this 2~2d day of July, A. D. 1861. R. TOOMBS. PRQCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT. Whereas the Congress of the Confederate States of America did by an act approved on the 8th day of August, 1861, entitled An act respecting alien enemies~ make provision that proclamation should be issued by the President in relation to alien enemies and in conformity with the provisions of said act: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation, and I do hereby warn and require everey male citizen of the United States of the age of fourteen years and upwards, now within the Confederate States and adhering to the Government of the United States and ac- knowledging the authority of the same and not being a citizen of the Confederate States, to depart from the Confederate States within forty days from the date of this proclamation. And I do warn all persons above described who shall remain within the Confederat Page 106 106 LIST OF PAPERS. States after the expiration of said period of forty days that they will be treated as alien enemies: Pro vided, howecer, That this procla- mation shall not be considered as applicable during th~ existing war to citizens of the United States residing within the Confederate States with intent to become citizens thereof and who shall malie a declaration of such intention in due form, acknowl- edging the authority of this Government; nor shall this proc- lamation be considered as extending to citizens of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, the District of Columbia, the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico, and the Indian Terri- tory south of Kansas, who shall not be chargeable with actual hostil- ity or other crime against the public safety and who shall acknowl- edge the authority of the Government of the Confederate States. And I do further proclaim and make known that I hare established the rules and regulations hereto annexed in accordance with the proviSions of said law. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States of America at the city of Richmond on this 14th day of August, A .D. 1861. [s~is.] JEFFERSON DAvIs. By the President, R. M. T. HUNTER Secretary of State. Xeguiations Respeetiag ~A1ien Enemies. The following regulations are hereby established respecting alien enemies, under the provisions of an act approved 8th August, 1861, entitled An act respecting alien enemies.~~ First. Immediately after the expiration of the term of 40 days from the date of the foregoing proclamation, it shall be the duty of the several district attorneys, marshals, and other officers of the Confederate States to make complaint against any aliens or alien enemies coming within the purview of the act aforesaid, to the end that the several courts of the Confederate States and of each State having jurisdiction may order the rei~oval of such aliens or alien enemies beyond the territory of the Confederate States or their restraint and confinement according to the terms of said law. Second. The marshals of the Confederate States are hereby di- rected to apprehend all aliens against whom complaints may be made under said law and to hold them in strict custody until the final order of the court, taking special care that such aliens obtain no infor- mation that could possibly be made useful to the enemy. Third. Whenever the removal of any alien beyond the limits of the Confederate States is ordered by any competent authority, under the provisions of the said law, the marshal shall proceed to execute the order in person or by deputy or other discreet person, in such manner as to prevent the alien so removed from obtaining any in- formation that could be used to the prejudice of the Confederate States. Fourth. Any alien who shall return to these States during the war, after having been removed therefrom under the provisions of sai Page 107 LIST OF PAPERS. 107 law, shall be regarded and treated as an alien enemy, and if made prisoner, shall be at once delivered over to the nearest military au- thority to be dealt with as a spy or as a prisoner of war as the case may require. Re8olutions of thankg. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby cor- dially given, to General Joseph E. Johnston and General Gustave T. Beauregard, and to the officers and troops under their command, for the great and signal victory ol)taine(l by them over the forces of the United States far exceeding them in number in the battle of the twenty-first of July, at Manassas; and for the gallantry, cour- age, and endurance evinced by them in a protracted and continuous struggle of more than ten hours; a victory, the great results of which will be realized in the future successes of the war, and which, in the judgment of Congress, entitles all who contributed to it to the (~rati- tude of their country. Resolved further, That the foregoing resolution be made known in appropriate general orders, by the generals in command, to the officers and troops to whom they are addressed. Approved August 6, 1861. Whereas it has pleased Almighty God to vouchsafe to the arms of the Confederate States another glorious and important victory in a portion of the country where a reverse would have been disastrous by exposing the families of the good people of the State of Missouri to the unbridled license of the brutal soldiery of an unscrupulous enemy: Therefore be it Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States, That the thanks of Congress are cordially tendered to Brigadier-General Ben MeCulloch and the officers and soldiers of his brave command for their gallant conduct in defeating, after a battle of six hours and a half, a force of the enemy equal in numbers and greatly superior in all their appointments, thus proving that a right cause nerves the hearts and strengthens the arms of the Southern people, fighting, as they are, for their liberty, their homes, and firesides, against an unholy despotism. Resolved further, That in the opinion of Congress General Mc- Culloch and his gallant troops are entitled to and will receive the grateful thanks of our people. Resolved further, That the foregoing resolutions be communicated to that command by the proper department. Approved August 22, 1861. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to Pierre A. Rost, greeting: Reposing special trust and confidence in your integrity, prudence, and ability, I have nominated, and, by and with the advice an Page 108 108 LIST OF PAPERS. consent of the Senate, do appoint you, the said Pierre A. Rost, of Louisiana, to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States of America to the Kingdom of Spain, authorizing you hereby to do and perform all such matters and things, as to the said place of office doth appertain, or as may be (luly given you in charge hereafter, and the said office to hold and exercise during the pleasure of the President of the Confederate States for the time being. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond the 24th day of August in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President. R. M. T. HUNTER~ Secretary of Stat~. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of A men ca, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of Pierre A. Rost, I have appointed him special commissioner of the Confederate States to the Kingdom of Spain and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for and in the name of the Confederate States, to meet and to confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the Spanish Government, being furnished with like power and author- ity, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult ,and negotiate con- cerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises; transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond. this 24th day of August , A. D. 1861. [SEAL.1 JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. his Exeelleney Her Catholic ilIa}estys Minister of Foreign Affairs. SIR: The President of the Confederate States, animated by a desire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed Pierre A. Rost, one of our most esteemed and trustworthy citizens, as special commissioner of the Confederate States to the Government of Spain; and I have now the honor to introduce him to your Excellency and to ask for him a receptio Page 109 LIST OF PAPERS. 109 and treatment corresponding to his station and to the purposes for which he is sent. Hoping that through his agency these may be accomplished, I avail myself of this occasion to offer to your Excellency the assur- once of my distinguished consideration. R. M. T. HUNTER, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Secretary of State. Richmond, 24 August, 1861. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to all to whom these presents shell come, greeting.~ Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of Pierre A. Rost, I have appointed him envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confed- erate States to the Kingdom of Spain and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for and in the name of the Confederate States to meet and confer with any person or persons, duly authorized by the Spanish Government, being fur- nished with like power and authority, and with him or them to a~ree treat consult, and negotiate concerning all matters and sub- .~ ,. jects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, trans- mitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Con- gress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of ~ic1~niond, this ~4th day of August ,A .D. 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. RIChMOND, 24 August, 1861. GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: Animated by a sincere and earnest desire to establish and cultivate the most friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, I have for that purpose selected Pierre A. Rost, esq., one of our most intelli- gent, esteemed, and worthy citizens, and have commissioned him as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confed- crate States, to reside near the court of your Catholic Majesty. He is well acquainted with the wishes and interests of the Confederacy, and your Majesty will therefore be pleased to give full credence to whatever representations he may make in it~ behalf. May God preserve your Majesty in His safe and holy keeping. Your good friend, JEFFERSON DAVIS. Her Catholic Majesty ISABELLA II, Queen of Spain, etc Page 110 110 LIST OF PAPERS. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, l)epartment of State. To all to ~whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that the hearer hereof, Mr. Pierre A. Rost. is proceeding to Madrid as a special commissioner of this Government. These are, therefore. to request all whom it may concern to permit him and the persons of his suite to pass freely without let or molesta- tion, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and protection as would be exten(led to special commissioners of foreign countries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof. I, P. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this department to be affixed at Richmond, this 24th day of August, A. D. 1861. [~~L.] R. M. T. HUNTER. Jefferson Paris. President bf the Confederate States of America, to all whom these presents shall come, f/reetmnf9/: Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the United King- dom of Great Britain and Ireland, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of the Hon. James M. Mason, I have appointed him special commissioner of the Con- federate States to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and have invested him with full and all manner of power and author- ity for and in the name of the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the British Govern- inent, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate concerning all mat- ters and subjects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond, this 24th (lay of August, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: P. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. His Excellency Her Britannic Majestys Minister of Foreiqn Affairs. SIR: The President of the Confederate States, animated by a desire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed the Hon. James M. Mason, one of our most es- teemed and trustworthy citizens, as special commissioner of the Con- federate States to the the Government of her Britannic Majesty. I have now the honor to introduce him to your Excellency and t Page 111 LIST OF PAPERS. 111 ask for him a reception and treatment corresponding to his station and to the purposes for ~x4hich he is sent. Hoping that, through his agency, these may 1)e accomplished I avail myself of this occasion to offer to your Excellency the assurance of my distinguished consideration. R. M. T. HUNTER, DEPARTMENT OF STATE See;~etary of State. Richmond, 24 Auust, 1861. Jefferson Paris, President of the Confederate States of Amer2ea, to all to i~c horn these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and reposing special trust and confi- dence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of the lion. James XL Mason, I have appointed him envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for and in the name of the Con- federate States to meet and to confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the British Government, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, con- sult, and negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, con- vention or conventions, touching the premises; transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confed- erate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond this 24th day of August, A. D. 18~l. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the president: R. M. T. HUNTER,- Secretary of State. RICHMOND, 24 August, 1861. GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: Animated by a sincere and earnest desire to establish and cultivate the most friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. I have for that purpose selected the Hon. James M. Mason, one of our most intelligent, esteemed, and worthy citi- zens, and have commissioned him as envoy extraordinary and min- ister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States, to reside near the court of your Majesty. lie is well acquainted with the wishes and interests of the Con- federacy, and your Majesty will therefore be pleased to give full credence to whatever representations he may make in its behalf Page 112 112 LIST OF PAPERS. May God preserve your Majesty in His safe and holy keeping. Your good friend, JEFFERSON DAVIS. Her Most Gracious Majesty VICTORIA, Queen of the United Kin gdoin of Great Britain and Ireland, etc. CONFEDERATE STATES OF A1~LERICA, Department of State. To all to whom these /)l~esents s/tall come, greeting: Know ye that the bearer hereof, James M. Mason, Esq., is pro- ceeding to London as special commissioner of this Government. These are therefore to request all whom it may concern to permit him and the persons of his suiteto pass freely without let or moles- tation and to extend to him tall such friendly aid and protection as would be extended to special commissioners of foreign countries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I, IR. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this department to be affixed, at Richmond, this 24th day of August, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] IR. M. T. HUNTER. Jefferson Dav1~, President of the Confederate States of America, to all who shall see these pre8ents, greetaig: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the integ- rity, ability, and punctuality of James E. Macfarland, I have ap- pointed him secretary of legation at London, and do authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office accord- ing to law, and to have and to hold the said office, with all the powers, privileges, and emoluments to the same .of right appertain- lug unto him, the said James E. Macfarland, subject to the pro- visions of the Constitution and the laws of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused these letters to be made patent and the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond the 24th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that, for the purposes of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of Ametica and the Empire of France, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of the Hon. John Slidell, I have appointe Page 112A 112 JOHN SLIDELL, Confederate States Commissioner to France, 18611865 Page 112B Page 113 LIST OF PAPERS. 113 him special commissioner of the Confederate States to the Empire of France, and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for, and in the name of, the Confederate States to meet and confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the French Government, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate con- cerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and to sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conven- tions, touching the premisos; transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond, this 24th day of August, A. D. 1861. JEFFERSON DAVIS. [SEAL.] By the President: R.M.T.HUNTER, Secretary of State. flis Excellency his Imperial AIa~estys Ahnister of Foreign Affairs. SIR: The President of the Confederate States, animated by a (lesire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed the Hon. John Slidell, one of our most esteemed and trustworthy citizens, as special commissioner of the Confederate States to the Government of France, and I have now the honor to introduce him to your. Excellency, and to ask for him a reception and a treatment coiresponding to his station, and to the purposes for which he is sent. Hoping that through his agency these may be accomplished, I avail myself of this occasion to offer to your Excellency the assurance of my distinguished consideration. R. M. T. HUNTER~ Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, 24 August, 1861. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of Amerwa, to all to whom these presents shall come, greetin~~: Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Empire of France, and reposing special trust and confidence in the inteo~ri prudence, and abilities of the Hon. John Shidell, I have appointed lAin envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Con- federate States to the Empire of France, and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for, and in the name of, the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons, duly authorized by the French Government, being fur- nished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree~ 1764290voL. 322 Page 114 114 LIST OF PAPERS. treat, consult, and negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions toucbing the premises, transmit- ting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of ~ichmond this 24th day of August. A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. lAy the President. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. RICHMOND, 24 Avgmst, 1861. GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: Animated by a sincere and earnest desire to establish and cultivate the most friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Empire of France, I have for that purpose selected the Hon. John Slidell, one of our most intelligent, esteemed. and worthy citizens, and have commissjoned him as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Con- federate States, to reside near the court of your Imperial Majesty. He is well acquainted with the wishes and interests of the Confeder- acy, and your Majesty will therefore 1)e l)leased to give full credence to whatever representations he may make in its behalf. May God preserve your Majesty in His safe and holy keeping. Your good friend, JEFFERSON DAvis. His Imperial Majesty NAPOLEON III, Emperor of the French, etc., etc., etc. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, J)epartment of State. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that the bearer hereof, John Slidell. Esq., is proceeding to Paris as special commissioner of this Government. These are therefore to request all whom it may concern to per- mit him and the persons of his suite to pass freely without let or molestation, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and pro- tection as would be extended to special commissioners of foreign countries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I, R. NI. T. Hunter, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this department to be affixed, at Richmond, this 24th day of August, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] K. M. T. HUNTER. Secretary of State Page 115 LIST OF PAPERS. 1115 Jefferson. Paris, President of the Confederate States of Airerica, to all who shall see these presents, greeting: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the in- tegrity, ability, and punctuality of George Eustis, I have appointed him secrdary of legation at Paris, and do authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law, and to have and to hold the said office, with all tile powers and privi- kges and emoluments to tile same of right appertaining unto him, the said George Eustis, subject to the provisions of the Constitution and laws of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made patent, and the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at tile city of Richmond tile 24th day of August. A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the 1~resident, R. M. T. HUNTER, A~eeretary of State. Jefferson J)avis, President of the Confederate States of AmeHea, to all to who;u these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that. for the l)U~PO5C of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and tile Kingdom of Spain, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, l)rlldellce. and abilities of Pierre A. Rost, William L. Xancey, an(l A. Dudley Mann. I have appointed them special commissioners of the Confederate States to the Kingdom of Spa ill, an(l have invested them, or any two of them, and in tile case of tile death, absence, or disability of any two, any one of them, with full and all manner of power and authority for, and in the name of, the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons duly an- thorizecl by the Spanish Government, being furnished with like power and authority and with him or them to agree, treat consult, and negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interestino to 1)0th nations; and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties. conven- tion or conventions touching the premises; transmitting tile same to the President of the Confederate States for ilis final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Con- federate States. In testimony whereof. I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand, at the city of Richmond, this 24th day of August, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAvIS. By the President, R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State Page 116 116 LIST OF PAPERS. A PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. \~hereas throuh accident a bill to authorize the President to continue the appointments made by him in the military and naval service during~ the recess of Congress or the present session, and to submit them to Congress at its next session, failed to be (lelivered to the President for his signature prior to the adjournment of Con- gress; and Whereas the failure of said bill to become a law would cause serious inconvenience to the public service: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, do issue this my proclamation, convoking the Congress of the Confederate States for the transaction of business, at the Capi- tol, in the city of Richmond, on the 3d day of September, at 12 oclock noon of. that (lay, of which all who shall at that time be entitled to act as members of that body are hereby required to take notice. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States, at Richmond. this 2d (lay of September, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.~ JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, #~c/)temi)er 3, 1861. SIR: * * * * * * * This letter will be handed to Your Excellency by Mr. J. A. Quin- tero, by whose ability and discretion you are already favorably impressed, and in whom this Government places entire confidence. He is instructed to reside at Monterey as the confidential agent of this Government for Excellency in purposes which he will fully explain to your avail person. I myself of this occasion to assure you of my distinguished consi (leration. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. His Excellency SANTIAGO VIDAURRI, Governor of New Leon and Coalimila, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, September 3, 1861. SIR: The report of your recent mission to the governor of New Leon and the accompanying papers have received the entire approval of this department, and it affords me pleasure to inform you that the President, appreciating the skill, prudence, and ability whic Page 117 LIST OF PAPERS. 117 you displayed in the discharge of your duty, has appointed you confidential agent of this Government in northeastern Mexico, to reside at Monterey. * * * * * * * I remain. sir, yours, respectfully, W~u. M. BROWNE, ;lSStStaflt ASccPet(lry of AState. J. A. QUINTERO, Esq. PIROCLAMATU)N. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. Whereas it has pleased Almighty God, the Sovereign Disposer of events, to protect and (lefend the Confederate States hitherto in their conflict with their enemies and to be unto them a shield; and Whereas with grateful thanks we recognize his hand and ac- knowledge that not unto us but unto Him belongeth the victory; and in humble dependence upon His almighty strenoth and trusting in the justice of our cause, we appeal to Him, that He may set at naught the efforts of our enemies and put them to confusion and shame: Now, therefore. I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, in view of the impending conflict, do hereby set apart Friday, the 15th day of November, as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer; and I do hereby invite the reverelid clergy and the people of these Confederate States to repair on that day to their usual places of public worship and to implore the blessing of Almighty God upon our arms, that He may give us victory over our enemies, preserve our homes and altars from pollution, and secure to us the restoration of peace and prosperity. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States at Richmond, this 31st day of October, in the year of our Lord 1861. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. Know ye that. reposing special trust and confidence in the abilities an(l integrity of Henry Hotze. I do appoint him commercial agent of the Confederate States of America at London, and do authorize and empower him to have and to hold said office and to exercise and enjoy all the rights, preeminences, privileges, and authorities to the same of right appertaining. he demanding and receiving no fee or perquisites of office whatever which shall not be expressly established by some law of the said Confederate States. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America this 14th day of November, A. D. 1861. [sEAL.] R. M. T. HUNTER. Secretary of State Page 118 118 LIST OF PAPERS. PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. Whereas an act of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, approved this the 28th day of November, 18G1~ provides that the State of Missouri be, and is hereby, admitted as a mem- ber of the Confederate States of America, upon an equal footing with the other States of the Confederacy, under the Constitution for the provisional government of the same: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation, making known to all whom lt may concern that the admission of the said State of Missouri into the Confederacy is complete an(1 that the laws of the Confederacy are extended over said State as fully and completely as over the other States now composing the same. In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of the Confederate States to be affixed at Richmond this 28th day of November. A. D. 1861. f SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. Resolutions of than/es. Re it resolved by the Con gress of the Con federate States of Aineriect, That the thanks of the people of the Confederate States are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to Major-General Ster- ling Price and the Missouri army under his command, for the gallant conduct they have displayed throughout their service in the present war, and especially for the skill, fortitude, and courage by which they gained the brilliant achievement at Lexington, Mo., resulting, on the 20th day of September last, in the reduction of that town an(l the surrender of the entire Federal Army there employed. Be it resolved further, That a copy of this resolution be communi- cated by the President to General Price, and, through him to the army then under his command. Approved December 3, 1861. Whereas, un(ler the providence of God, the valor of the soldiers of the Confederate States has added another glorious victory, achieved at Belmont, in the State of Missouri, on 7th (lay of No- vember last, to those which had been so graciously vouchsafed to our arms, whereby the reduction of Columbus, in the State of Ken- tucky, has been l)revented, and the contemplated descent of the enemy down the Mississippi River effectually stayed; therefore, Be it resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are most heartily tendered t Page 119 LIST OF PAPERS. 119 Major-General Leonidas Polk, Brigadier-General Gideon J. Pillow, Brigadier-General Benjamin F. Cheatham, and the officers and sol(liers of their gallant coiumands for the desperate courage they exhibited in sustaining for several hours, and under most dis- advantageous circumstances, an attack by a force of the enemy greatly supe.rior to their own, both in aumbers and appointments; and for the skill and gallantry by which they converted what at first threatened so much disaster, into a triumphant victory. Resolved further, That these resolutions are intended to express what is believed to be the grateful and admiring sentiment of the whole people of the Confederacy. Re2ol?ed further. That they be communicated to the commands of Maj or-General Polk. Brigadier-General Pillow, and Brigadier- General Cheatham by the proper department of the Government. Approved December 6, 1861. Be it resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America. That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby ten- dered, to Brigadier-GeneraJ N. G. Evans, and the officers and soldiers under his command, for the brilliant victory achieved by them over largely superior forces of the enemy in the battle of Leesburg. Approved December 18, 1861. First. RewIred by the Co~gre8s of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby ten- dered, to Colonel Edward Johnson, and to the officers and men under his command, for gallant and meritorious services at the summit of Alleghany Mountain, in Virginia. on the 13th day of Decem1~r, 1861, when for more than six hours they, with remarkable courage and constancy, sustained an assault made upon their position by four- fold their number, and finally drove the enemy in disorder, and with heavy loss, from the field. Second. That the foregoing resolution be communicated to said command by the Secretary of Wa r, and be made known in general orders. Approved January 10, 1862. PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. ~Yhiereas an act of the Congress of the Confederate States of Amer- ica, entitled An act to organize the Territory of Arizona, was ap- prove(l by me on the 18th day of January, A. D. 1862. And whereas it is therein declared that the provisions of the act are suspended until the President of the Confederate States shall issue his proclamation declaring the act to be in full force and oper- ation and shall proceed to appoint the officers therein provided to be appointed in and for said territory Page 120 120 LIST OF PAPERS. Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation declaring said act to organise the Territory of Arizona to be in full force and opera- tion and that I have proceeded to appoint the officers therein pro- vided to be appointed in and for said Territory. Given under my hand an(l the seal of the Confederate States of America, at Richmond, this 14th day of February, A. D. 18(32. [sEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the president R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary 0/ ~State. PROCLAMATIONS. THE PRESIDENT oF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. A PROCLAMATION. To t1~e peoi)le of the (on federate States: The termination of the Provisional Government offers a fitting occasion again to present ourselves in humiliation, prayer, and thanksgiving before that God who has safely conducted us through. our first year of national existence. We have been enabled to lay anew the foundations of free government and to repel the efforts of our enemies to destroy us. Law has everywhere reigned supreme, an(l throughout our wi(lespread limits personal liberty and private right have been duly honored. A tone of earnest piety has pervaded our people, and the victories which we have ol)taine(l over our en- emies have been justly ascribed to Him who ruleth the universe. We have hoped that the year would (lose upon a scene of con- tinued prosperity, but it has pleased the Supreme Disposer of events to order it otherwise. We ure not permitted to furnish an exception to the rule of Divine government, which has prescribed affliction as the (liscipline of nations as well as of individuals. Our faith and perseverance must be tested, and the chastening which seemeth grievous will, if rightly received, bring forth its appropriate fruit. It is meet and right, therefore, that we should repair to the only Giver of all victory, and, humbling ourselves before him, should pray that he may strengthen our confidence in his mighty power and righteous judgment. Then may we surely trust in him that he will perform his promise and encompass us as with a shield. In this trust, and to this end, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, do hereby set apart Friday, the 28th day of February. instant, as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer; and 1 (10 hereby invite the reverend clergy and people of the Confederate States to repair to their respective places of public worship to humble themselves before Almighty God, and pray for his protec- tion and favor to our beloved country, an(l that we may l)e saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us. Given under my hand and seal of the Confederate States, at Rich- mond. this 20th day of February, A. D. 1862. [L.s.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: WILLIAM M. BROWNF Secretary of State, ad in Page 121 LIST OF PAPERS. 121 TIlE PRESIDENT OF TIlE CONFEDERATE STATES. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas the Congress of the Confederate States has by law vested in the President the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus in cities in danger of attack by the enemy: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do hereby proclaim that martial law is extended over the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth and the surrounding country to the distance of 10 miles from said cities, and all civil jurisdiction and the privilege of the writ of hal)eas corpus are hereby declared to be suspended within the limits aforesaid. This proclamation will remain in force until otherwise ordered. In faith whereof I have hereunto set my hand an(1 seal, at the city of Richmond, on this 27th day of Februinv, A. D. 1862. JEFFERSON DAVIS. WAR DEPARTMENT, Richmond, Va., JI arch .5, 18G2. SIR: Martial law having been declared in Norfolk under the Presi- (lent s proclamation, he desires me to call your attention to tbe vari- ous measures which he hopes will at once be vigorously executed: First. Some leading and reliable citizen to be appointed provost marshal in Norfolk and another in Portsmouth. In the former city he su~(Yests t he mayor said to be a zealous friend of our cause. Second. All arms to be required to be given up by the citizens; private arms to be paid for. Third. The whole male population to be enrolled for military service; all stores and shops to be closed at 12 or 1 oclock and the whole of the citizens forced to drill and undergo instruction. Fourth. The citizens so enrolled to be armed with the arms given up and with those of infantry now in service at batteries. Fifth. Send away as rapidly as can be done, without causing panic, all women and children, and reduce your population to such as can aid in defense. Sixth. Give notice that all merchandise, cotton, tobacco, etc., not wanted for military use be sent away within the given time or it will be destroyed. Seventh. Imprison all persons against whom there is well- grounded suspicion of disloyalty. Eighth. I~urchase all supplies in the district that can be made useful for your army, allowing none to be carried away that you might wai~ in the event that the city is beleagured. In executing these orders you will, of course, use your own dis- cretion so to act as to avoid creating panic as far as possible. Your obedient servant, J. P. BENJAMIN, Major-General B. HUGER, Secretary of War. Norfolk, Va Page 122 122 LIST OF PAPERS. GENERAL ORDERS, ADJT. AND INSP. GEN.5 OFFICE, No. 8. I?iclimond, Ilarch 1, 1862. I. The following proclamation of the President is published for the information of all concerned: A VJIOCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the suspen- sion of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in cities threatened with invasion: II. Jeft~erson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do proclaim that martial law is hereby extended over the city of Richmond and the adjoining and surrounding country to the distance of 10 miles; and I (10 proclaim the suspension of all civil jurisdic- tion, with the exception of that of the mayor of the city, and the suspension of the ~rivilege ~f the writ of habeas corpus within the said city and surrounding country to the distance aforesaid. In faIth whereof I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal at the city of Richmond, on this 1st day of March, in the year 18G2. [L.s.] JEFFERSON DAvIs. II. Brigadier-General J. H. Winder, comman(ling Department of Henrico, is charged with the due execution of the foregoing proc- lamation. He will forthwith establish an efficient military police ind will enforce the followino~ or(lers: All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited, and the distilleries will forthwith be closed. The sale of spirituous liq- uors of any kind is also prohibited, and the establishments for the sale thereof will be closed. III. All person~ infringing the abo.ve prohibition will suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial, l)rovi(led that no sentence to hard labor for more than one month shall be inflicted by the sentence of a regimental court-martial, as directed in the sixty-seventh article of war. By command of the Secretary of War: S. COOPER, Adjutant an (1 In Sj)(CtO/ Gc i& eiai. GENERAL ORDER5~ ~ HDQR$. DEPARTMENT OF HENRICO, No. 1. { Richmond, Va., Jiai~ch 2, 1862. I. By virtue of the authority conferred by General Orders, No. 8, AdjutaTnt and Inspector Generals Office, March 1, 18G2, Captain A. C. Godwin, is appointed provost marshal of the city of Richmond and the adjoining and surrounding country for the distance of 10 miles. II. All distillation and distribution of spiritous liquors is prohib- ited by the proclamation of the President. The provost marshal will take immediate and effective steps to enforce this order, and all persons found transgressing, either by the distillation, sale, giving away. or in any manner disposing of spirituous liquors will be prose- cuted to the fullest extent of the law Page 123 LIST OF PAPERS. 123 III. All persons of every degree, except those in the service of the State or Confederate States, having arms in their possession will deliver the same to the Ordnance Department on or before the ~th of March, 1862, otherwise they will be seized and taken pos- session of by the provost marshal. All public arms not in the pub- lie service will be receipted for, and all private arms will i)e paid for. By or(ler of Brigadier General John H. Winder, comlnau(ling, etc.: IL. R. PA;r. Assistant A dpitan I General. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ ~AR DEPARTMENT. No. 11. f ADJT. AND INSP. GEms OFFICE, I?ielunond, 211 arch 8, 186$?. I. The following proclamation is published for the information of all concerned: A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the suspen- sion of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in cities threatened with invasion: I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do proclaim that martial law is hereby extended over the city of Petersburg and the adjoining and surrounding country to tile dis- tance of 10 miles; and I do proclaim the suspension of all civil juris- diction (with the exception of that of the mayor of the city, and that enabling tile courts to take cognizance of the prol)ate of wills, the administration of the estates of deceased persons. tile qualifica- tions ot guardians, to enter decrees and orders for the partitioning an(l sale of property, to make orders concerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county dues), and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus within the said city and snrrounding country to the distance afore- said. In faith whereof, I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal on the 8th day of March, in the year one thousand eioht hun- dred and sixty-two. [L.s.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. II. William Pannill is appointed provost marsilal, and is charged with the due execution of the foregoing proclamation. He will forthwith establish an efficient military police, and will enforce the following orders: All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited, and the distilleries will forthwith be closed. The sale of spirituous liquor or any kind is also prohibited, and the establishments for the sale thereof will be closed. III. All persons infringing the above prohibition will suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial, provided that no sentence to hard labor for more than one mont Page 124 124 LIST OF PAPERS. shall be inflicted by the sentence of a regimental court-martial, as directed in the sixty-seventh Article of War. By command of the Secretary of War: S. COOPER, Adjutant and In8pector General. GENERAL ORDERS, { WAR DEPARTMENT, No. 15. f ADJT. AND INSP. GEN.S OFFICE, Richmond, March 14, 1862. I. The following proclamation is published for the information of all concerned: A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the suspen- sion of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus: I. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do proclaim that martial law is hereb~r exten(led over the counties of Elizabeth City, York, Warwick, Gloucester, and Mathews (in Virginia), and I do proclaim the suspension of all civil jurisdiction (with the exception of that enabling the courts to take cognizance of the probate of wills, the administration of the estates of (leceased persons, the qualification of guardians, to enter decrees and orders for the partition and sale of property, to make orders concerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county dues), and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the counties aforesaid. In faith whereof I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal this 14th day of March, in the year 1862. JEFFERSON DAvIs.. II. Major-General Magruder. commanding the Army of the Pen- insula. is charged with the due execution of the foregoing procla- mation. He will forthwith establish an efficient military police and will enforce the following orders: III. All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited, arid the distilleries will forthwith be dc ~d. The sale of spirituous liquors of any kind is also prohibited, and establishments for the sale thereof will be closed. IV. All persons infringing the above prohibition will suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial, l)rovided that no sentence to hard labor ~or more than one month shall be inflicted by the sentence of a re~,imental court-martial, as directed by the sixty-seventh article of war. By command of the Secretary of War: S Coourr~ Adjutant and Inspector- General Page 124A Page 124B 125 WILLiAM L. YANCEY Confederate States Commissioner to Spain. 8611862 Page 125 LIST OF PAPERS. 125 [For secret session.] No. 1.] EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Richmond, IlL (ire/i 7, 1862. I transmit herewith a report from the Secretary of State ad in- terim. in answer to a resolution of the House of Representatives of the 6th instant. JEFFELISON DAVIS. To the SPEAKER OF TIlE HOUSE oF REPRESENTATIVES. [Enclosure.] No. 19.1 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Pie/i m ond, hare/i 7 1862. The Secretary of State ad interim, to whom was referred a reso- lution of the House of Representatives of the 6th instant, requesting the President to communicate to that body if he shall (leem it com- patible with the public interest, any information which he may possess touching the presence of certain foreign vessels in the waters of the Chesapeake Bay at this time, and especially whether these vessels are probably here for the purpose of exporting cotton or tobacco from the Confederate States, has the honor to inform the President that three war steamers of the Navy of the Emperor of the French, the Pomone, Catinat, and Gassendi have been within a few weeks at Hampton Roads, that the Secretary of State ad interim has authentic information that one of these vessels is to be stationed at or near Charleston to protect the French consul in case of an attack on that city by the United States, that another has sailed, or is about to sail, to tile West Indies; that the third will be em- ployed temporarily to convey dispatches between tile ministers of France and England, at Washington. and their consuls at ports of the Confederate States, and that it was never inten(le(l that these vessels, or any of them, should be employed in exporting cotton or tobacco from tile Confederate States. Respectfully submitted. W~r M. BROWNE. Resolutions of thanks. Resolved by the Con gress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are (lile, and arc hereby cordially ten- dere(l. to Captaiii I3uchanan and all under his command for their unsurpassed gallantry, as displayed in the recent successful attack upon the naval forces of the enemy in Hampton Roads. Approved March 12, 1862. MONTGOMERY, ALA., March 22, 1862. SIR: I herewith tender my resignation of the post of corn mis- sioner to the powers of Europe, to which I was appointed by your Excellency on the 16th March, 181. The resignation to take effect on this day. Your obedient servant, W. L. YANCEY. His Excellency The PRESIDENT Page 126 126 LIST OF PAPERS. (rENERAL ORDERS, { WAR DEPARTMENT, No. 18. f ADJT. AND INSP. (+EN.~S OFFICE, Richmond, ifarh ~P, 18G2. I. The following proclamation is published for the information of all concerned: A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the sus- pension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do proclaim that martial law is hereby extended over the counties of Greenbrier, Pocahontas, Bath, Alieghanv, Monroe, Meicei, Raleigh, Fayette, Nicholas, and Randolph (in Virginia). and I (10 l)roclaim the suspension of all civil jurisdiction (with the exception of that enabling the courts to take cognizance of the l)roi)ate of wills, the administration of the estates of deceased persons, the quahilcations of guardians. to enter decrees and orders for the partition and sale of propert . to make orders concerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county .dnes), and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of hal)eas corpus in the counties aforesaid. In faith whereof I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal this 29th day of March, in the year 1862. [L.s.] JEFFERSON DAvis. II. Brigadier-General Henry Heth is charged with the due exe- cution of tile foregoing proclamation. He will forthwith establish an efficient military police and will enforce the following orders: All distillation of spirituous liquors is ~)ositively prohibited. and tile distilleries will forthwith be closed. Tile sale of spirituous liq- uors of any kind is also prohibited, and establishments for tile sale thereof will be closed. III. All persons infringing the above prohibition will suffer such lllinisliment as shall be orclere(i by tile seiltence of a court-martial, provided that no sentence to hard labor for more than one month shall be inflicted by tile sentence of a regimental court-martial, as directed by the sixty-seventh article of war. By command of the Secretary of War. S. Coons, Adjutant (md las]ieto~ General. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Aprd I, 18G2. SIR: I herewith transmit to the House of Representatives a com- munication of the Secretary of tile Navy, coverillg illformation sought by a resolution of the House requestulg tile Presi(lent to com- municate to the House what additional sums of money, if ally, are, in his judgment, necessary to the Departments of War and Navy in order to secure a successful prosecution of the war and effective defense of tIle Confederate States during the time for which Con- gress at its present session should make provision. ~J EFFERSON DAvIS. To the honorable the SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Page 127 LIST OF PAPERS. 127 To tue Senate and house of Representatives of the Confederate States of A rica: The great importance of the news first received from Tennessee induces me to depart from established usage and to make to you this communication in advance of official reports. From telegraphic dispatches received from official sources I am able to announce to you with entire confidence that it has pleased Almighty God to crow-n the Confederate arms with a glorious and decisive victory over our invaders. on the morning of.the 6th instant the converging columns of our Army were combined by its commander-in-chief, General A. S. John- ston. in an assault on the Federal Army, then encamped near Pitts- burg, on the Tennessee River. After a hard-fought battle of 10 hours the enemy was driven in disorder from his position and pur- sued to the Tennessee River, where, under cover of his gunboats, he was, at the last accounts, endeavoring to effect his retreat by aid of his transports. The details of this great battle are yet too few and incomplete to enable me to distinguish with merited praise all of those who may have conspicuously earned the right to such distinction, and I prefer to delay my own gratification in recolnmen(ling them to your special notice rather than incur the risk of wounding the feelings of any by failing to include them in the list. Where such a victory has been won over troops as numerous, as well disciplined, armed, and appointed as those which have just been so signally routed, we may well conclude that one common spirit of unflinching bravery and devotion to our countrys cause must have animated every breast, from that of the commanding general to that of the humblest patriot who served in the ranks. There is enough in the continued presence of invaders on our soil to chasten our exultation over this brilliant SucceSS, and to remind us of the grave duty of continued exertion until w-e shall extort -from a proud and vainglorious enemy the reluctant acknowledgment of our right to self-government. I3ut an all-wise Creator has been pleased, while vouchsafing to us His countenance in battle, to afflict us with a severe dispensation, to which we must bow in humble sub- mission. The last lingering hope has disappeared, and it is but too true that General Albert Sidney Johnston is no more. The tale of his death is simply narrated in a dispatch first received from Colonel William Preston in the following words: General Johnston fell vest erdav at half-past 2 oclock, while leading a sncc essful charge, turning the enemys right and gaining a brilliant victory. A minie ball cut the artery of his leg, but lie rode on till from loss of blood, lie fell exhausted, and died without pain in a few minutes. His body has been intrusted to me by General Beauregard, to be takcn to New Orleans, and remain until directions are received from his family. My long and close friendship with this departed chieftain and patriot forbids me to trust myself in giving vent to the feelings which this sad intelligence has evoked. Without doing injustice to the living, it may safely be asserted that our loss is irreparable: and that among the shining hosts of the great and the good w-ho now cluster around the banner of our country, there exists no purer spirit, n Page 128 128 LIST OF PAPERS. more heroic soul than that of the illustrious man whose death I join you in lamenting. In his death he has illustrated the character for which, through life, he was conspicuous, that of singleness of purpose and devotion to duty. With his whole energies bent on attaining the victory which he deemed essential to his countrys cause, he rode on to the accom- plishment of his object, forgetful of self, while his very lifebJooci was fast ebbing away. His last breath cheered his comrades to victory. The last sound he heard was their shout of triumph. His last thought was his countrys, and long and deeply will his country mourn his loss. APRIL 8. 186~2. JEFFERSON DAVIS. Resoleed by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to Major-General rfhomas J. Jackson and the officers and men under his eommau(l for gallant and meritorious services in a successful dn- gagement with a greatly superior force of the enemy near Kerns- town, Frederick County, Virginia, on the 23d day of March. 1862. Resolved. That these resolutions be communicated by tile Secretary of War to Major-General Jackson, and by him to his command. Approved April 9, 1862. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of Amer~iea, That the thanks of the Congress of the Confederate States are emi- nentlv due, and are hereby tendered, to the patriotic women of the Confederacy for the energy, zeal, and untiring devotion which they have manifested in furnishing voluntary contributions to our soldiers in the field, and in the various military hospitals throughout the country. Approved April 11. 1862. A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the suspen- sion of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus: I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, (10 proclaim that martial law is hereby extended over the Depart- ment of East Tennessee, under command of Major-General E. K. Smith: and I do proclaim the suspension of all civil jurisdiction (w-ith the exception of that enabling the courts to take cognizance of the probate of wills, the administration of the estates of deceased persons, the qualification of guardians, to enter decrees and orders for the partition and sale of property, to make orders concerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county dues), and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the department aforesaid. In faith whereof, I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal this 8th day of April, 1862. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS Page 129 LIST OF PAPERS. 129 II. Major-General E. K. Smith, commanding the Department of East Tennessee, is charged with the due execution of the foregoing proclamation, lie will forthwith establish an efficient military police, and will enforce the following orders: All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited and the distilleries will forthwith be closed. The sale of spirituous liquors of any kind is also prohibited, and establishments for the sale thereof will be closed. III All persons infringing the above prohibition will stiffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial, provided that no sentence to hard labor for more than one month shall be inflicted by the sentence of a regimental court-martial, as directed by the sixty-seventh article of war. By command of the Secretary of War: S. COOPER, Adjutant and fn8pector General. ExEcuTivE DEPARTMENT, April 10, 1862. To the Senate and Hou8e of Repre8entative8 of the Confederate States. I herewith transmit to Congress a communication from the Sec- retary of the Navy, covering a (letailed report of Flag-Officer Buchanan, of the brilliant triumph of his squadron over the vastly superior forces of the enemy, in Hampton Roads, on the 8th and 9th of March last. JEFFERSON DAVIS. [Enclo8ure.] CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, N~xv~ DEPARTMENT, To the PRESIDENT. Richmond, April 7, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith copy of the detailed re- port * of Flag-Officer Buchanan, of the brilliant triuml)l1 of his squad- ron over the vastly superior forces of the enemy, in Hampton Roads, on the 8th and ~th of March last, a brief report by Lieut. Jones of the battle of the 8th having been previously made. The conduct of the officers and men of the squadron in this con- test reflects unfading honor upon themselves and upon the Navy. The report will be read with deep interest, and its details will not fail to rouse the ardor and nerve the arms of our gallant seamen. It will be remembered that the Virginia was a novelty in naval architecture, wholly unlike any ship that ever floated; that her heaviest guns were equal novelties in ordnance; that her motive power and obedience to her helm were untried, and her officers and crew strangers, comparatively, to the ship and to each other; and vet under all these disadvantages, the dashing courage and consum- mate l)rofessional ability of Flag-Officer Buchanan and his asso- ciates achieved the most remarkable victory which naval annals record. * See Series I, vol. 7. l76429022voL 3 Page 130 130 LIST OF PAPERS. When the flag-officer was disabled the command of the Virginia devolved upon her executive and ordnance officer, Lieutenant Catesby ap R. Jones, and the cool and masterly manner in which he fought the ship in her encounter with the ironclad Monitor justified the high estimate which the country places upon his professional merit. To his experience, skill, and untiring industry as her ordnance and executive officer the terrible effect of her fire was greatly due. Her battery was determined in accordance with his suggestions, and in all investigations and tests, which resulted in its thorough effi- ciency, he was zealously engaged. The terms of commendation used by the flag-officer in character- mzino~ the conduct of his officers and men meet the cordial indorse- ment of the department, and the concurrent testimony of thousands who witnessed the engagement places his own conduct above all l)ia ise. With much respect, your obedient servant, S. IR. MALLORY, Secretary of the Navy. RICHMOND, VA., April 10, 1882. To the Senate of the Confederate States: I transmit herewith a 1ett~r from the Secretary of the Navy, sub- mitting a proposition for the construction of ironclad vessels in Europe, and commend it to the attention of Congress. JEFFERSON DAvIs. LThe same message was sent to the House of Representatives.] EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, April 11, 1862. o the Senate of the Confederate ASlates: I herewith transmit to Congress a report of the Postmaster-Gen- eral, supplementary to a report previously submitted, and covering certain documents relative to frauds perpetrated on the revenues of the Post Office Department by the Southern Express Company. I recommend that the suggested alteration of the existing laws receive the careful attention of Congress. JEFFERSON DAvIS. ExECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Richmond, April 12, 1862. To th.e Senate of the Confederate States: I nominate I3raxton l3ragg, of Louisiana, to the rank of general in the Army of the Confederate States, agreeably to the recommen- (lation of the Secretary of War, to take rank from the 6th day of April, 1862. JEFFERSON DAVIS Page 131 LIST OF PAPERS. 131 Re8Ol?Wd by the Con gress of the Confederate Slates of America, That Congress has learned with gratitude to the Divine Ruler of natAons the intelligence of the recent complete and brilliant victory which has been gained by the Army of the Confederate States under the command of General A. S. Johnston over the Federal forces in Tennessee, on the battlefield of Shiloh. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are hereby tendered to General G. T. Beauregard and the other surviving officers and privates of that Army for the signal exhibition of skill and gallantry displayed by them on that memorable occasion; and all who con- tributed to that signal triumph, in the judgment of Congress, are entitled to the gratitude of their country. Resolved, T hat the intelligence of the death of General Albert Sidney Johnston~ Commander in Chief, when leading the Confed- erate forces to victory on the 6th of April, in Tennessee, while it affects Congress with profound sorrow, at the same time obscures our joy with a shade of sadness at the loss of an officer so able, skillful, and gallant. Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be made known, by ap- propriate general or4ers by the generals in command, to the officers and troops to whom they are addressed, and that they also be com- municated to the family of General Johnston. Approved. April 15, 1862. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are hereby tendered to Brigadier Gen- end H. H. Sibley, and to the officers and men under his command, for the complete and brilliant victories achieved over our enemies in New Mexico. Approved, April 16, 1862. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of A rica, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the oflicers and crews of the Patrick henry, Jarnesto ~vn, Teaser, and other vcssels engaged. for their gallant conduct and bearing in the naval combat. and brilliant victory on the waters of James River on the 8th and 9th of March, 1862. Approved, April 16. 18G2. i& esolved by the Congress of the Coy fede States ~ rate of ~ That the thanks of Congress be, and they are hereby, given to Major- Generals Van Dorn and 1~rice, and the officers an(l soldiers under their command, for their valor, skill, and good conduct in the battle of Elkhorn, in the State of Arkansas. Resolved fwrth cv, That the Congress has heard with profound grief of the deaths of Generals McCulloch and McIntosh, who fell in the midst of the battle, gloriously leading their commands against the enemy. Approved, April 21, 1862 Page 132 132 LIST OF PAPERS. A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me to declare the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus: I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do proclaim that martial law is hereby extended over that part of the State of South Carolina from the Santee River to the South Edisto River in that State, under the command of Major-General Pemberton; and I do proclaim the suspension of all civil jurisdic- tion (with the exception of that enabling the courts to take cog- nizance of the probate of wills, the administration of the estates of deceased persons, the qualification of guardians, to enter decrees and or(lers for the partition and sale of property, to make orders con- cerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county dues), and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the country aforesaid. In faith whereof I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal this 1st day of May, in the year 1862. JEFFERSON DAVIs. II. Major-General J. C. Pemberton, commanding the Department of South Carolina and Georgia, is charged with the due execution of the foregoing proclamation. He will forthwith establish an effi- cient military police, an(l will enforce the following orders: All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited, and the distilleries will forthwith be closed. The sale of spirituous liquors of any kind is also prohibited, and establishments for the sale thereof will be closed. III. All persons infringing the above prohibition will suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial, provided that no sentence to hard labor for more than one month shall be inflicted by the sentence of a regimental court-martial, as directed by the sixty-seventh article of war. By command of the Secretary of War: S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. General Orders No. 19. WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJT. AND IN5P. GEN.5 OFFICE, Richmond, Va .,)hIayS,1862. I. The following proclamation is published for the information of all concerned: A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the suspen- sion of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus: I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do proclaim that martial law is hereby extended over the counties of Lee, Wise, Buchanan, McDowell, and Wyoming (in Virginia) Page 133 LIST OF PAPERS. 133 un(ler the command of Brigadier-General Humphrey Marshall; and I do proclaim the suspension of all civil jurisdiction (with the ex- ception of that enabling the courts to take cognizance of the probate of wills, the administration of estates of deceased persons, the quali- fication of guardians, to enter decrees and orders for the partition and sale of property, to make orders concerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county dues), and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the counties aforesaid. In faith whereof I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal this 3d day of May, in the year 1862. [L.S.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. II. Brigadier-General Humphrey Marshall is charged with the due execution of the foregoing proclamation. He will forthwith establish an efficient police and will enforce the following orders: All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited, and the distilleries will forthwith be closed. The sale of spirituous liquors of any kind is also prohibited, and establishments for the sale thereof will be closed. III. All persons infringing the above prohibition will suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial, provided that no sentence to hard labor for more than one month shall be inflicted by the sentence of a regimental court-martial, as direeted by the sixty-seventh article of war. By command of the Secretary of War: S. COOPER, A d)ii tan t and In8pector General. PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. To the people of the Confederate States of America: An enemy waging war in a manner violative of the usages of civilized nations has invaded our country. With presumptuous reliance on superior numbers he has declared his purpose to reduce us to submission. We struggle t? preserve our birthright of consti- tutional freedom. Our trust is in the justice of our cause and the protection of our God. Recent disaster has spread gloom over the land and sorrow sits at the hearthstone of our countrymen; but a people conscious of rectitude and faithfully relying on their Father in Heaven may be cast down, but can not be dismayed. They may mourn the loss of the martyrs whose lives have been sacrificed in their defense, but they receive this dispensation of Divine Providence with humble submission and reverent faith. And now that our hosts are again going forth to battle, and loving hearts at home are filled with anxious solicitude for their safety, it is meet that the whole l)eople should turn imploringly to their Almighty Father and beseech His all-powerful protection. To this end, therefore. I, Jefferson Davis. President of the Con- federate States of America, do issue this my proclamation invitin Page 134 134 LIST OF PAPERS. all the people to unite at their several places of worship on Friday the 16th d~y of the present month of May in humble supplication to Almighty God that He will vouchsafe His blessing on our beloved country: that He will strengthen and protect our armies; that He will watch over and preserve our people from the evil machinations of our enemies; and that He will in His own good time restore to us the blessing of peace and security under his sheltering care. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States at Richmond on this 3d day of May, A. D. 1862. [SEAL. I JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. Addresses. ADDRESS. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Jur~c 2, 1862. To the Army of Richmond: I render to you my grateful acknowledgments for the gallantry and good conduct you displayed in the battles of the 31st of May and 1st instant, and with pride and pleasure recognize the steadiness and intrepidity with which you attacked the enemy in position, captured his advanced intrenchinents, several batteries of artillery, and many standards, and everywhere drove him from the open field. At a part of your operations it was my fortune to be present. On no other occasion have I witnessed more of calmness and good order than you exhibited while advancing into the very jaws of death, and nothing could exceed the prowess with which you closed upon the enemy when a sheet of fire was blazing in your faces. In the renewed struggle in which you are on the eve of engaging I ask and can desire but a continuance of the same conduct which now attracts the admiration and pride of the loved ones you have left at home. You are fight- mo~ for all that is dearest to men; and, though opposed to a foe who (lisregards many of the usages of civilized war, your humanity to the wounded and the prisoners was the fit and crowning glory to your valor. Defenders of a just cause, may God have you in his holy keeping! JEFFERSON DAVIS. The general will cause the above to be read to the troops under his command. ADDRESS. RICHMOND, July 5, 18C2. To the Army of Ea8tcrn Virginia: SOLDIERS: I congratulate you on the series of brilliant victories which, under the favor of Divine Providence, you have lately won, and, as the President of the Confederate States, do heartily tende Page 135 LIST OF PAPERS. 135 to YOU the thanks of the country whose just cause you have so skill- .fully and heroically served. Ten days ago an invading army, vastly superior to you in numbers and in the material of war, closely be- leaguered your capital, and vauntingly proclaimed its speedy con- quest. You marched to attack the enemy in his intrenchments with well-directed movements and death-defying valor. You charged upon him in his strong positions, drove him from field to field over a dis- tance of more than 35 miles, and, despite his reenforcements, com- pelled him to seek safety under cover of his gunboats, where he now lies cowering before the Ariuy so lately derided an(1 threatened with entire subjugation. The fortitude with which you have borne toil and privatioix the gallantry with which you have entered into each successive battle, must have been witnessed to be fully appreciated, but a grateful people will not fail to recognize your deeds and to bear you in loved remembrance. Well may it be said of you that you have done enough for glory, but duty to a suffering country and to the cause of constitutional liberty claims from you yet fur- tlier effort. Let it be your pride to relax in nothing which can pro- mote your future efficiency, your one great object being to drive the invader from your soil and carry your standards beyond the outer boundaries of the Confederacy, to wring from an unscrupulous foe the recognition of your birthright, community independence. JEFFERSON DAVIS. EXECUTIVE Orricr Richmond, 17a., September 2, 1862. To the Senate and louse of Representatives of the Confederate States: I have the gratification of presenting to Congress two dispatches from General Robert E. Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Vinrinia communicatino- the result of the north the operations of Rappahannock. From these dispatches it will be seen that God has again extended his shield over our patriotic Army, an(l has blessed the cause of the Confederacy with a second signal victory on the field already memorable by the gallant achievements of our troops. Too much praise can not be bestowed upon the skill and daring of the commandino- oeneral who conceived, or the valor and hardihood of the troops who executed, the brilliant movement whose result is now communicated. After having driven from their intrenchments an enemy superior in numbers, and relieved from siege the city of Richmond, as heretofore communicated, our toil-worn troops ad- vanced to meet another invading army, reenforced not only by the (lefeated army of General McClellan but by the fresh corps of Gen- erals Burnside and Hunter. After -forced marches, with inadequate transportation, and across streams swollen to unusual height ,by repeated combats they turned the position of the enemy and, form- in g a junction of their columns, in the face of greatly superior forces, they fought the decisive battle of the 30th, the crowning triumph of their toil and valor. JEFFERSON DAVIS Page 136 136 LIST. OF PAPEJIS. Resoiutioas of thanks. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are (hie, and are hereby presented, to Captain Raphael Seinmes and the officers and crew of the steamer Sumter, under his command, for gallant and meritorious services ren- dered by them in seriously injuring the enemys commerce upon the high seas, thereby setting an example reflecting honor upon our infant Navy which can not be too highly appreciated by Congress and the people of the Confederate States. Approved September 9,1862. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby most cordially tendered, to Commander E. Farrand, senior officer in com- mand of the combined naval and military forces engaged, and Captain A. Drewry. senior military officer, and the officers and men under their command, for the great and signal victory achieved over the naval forces of the United States in the engagement on the fifteenth day of May, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, at Drewrys Bluff; arid the gallantry, courage, and endurance in that protracted fight, which achieved a victory over the fleet of ironclad gunboats of the enemy, entitle all who contributed thereto to the gratitude of the country. Resolved further, That the President be requested, in appropriate general orders, to communicate the foregoing resolution to the officers an(l men to whom it is addressed. Approved Sept. 16, 1862. Resoleed by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are hereby cordially tendered to Lieu- tenant Isaac N. Brown and all under his command for their signal exhibition of skill and gallantry on the fifteenth day of July last, on the Mississippi River, near Vicksburg, in the brilliant and suc~ cessful engagement of the sloop of war Arkansas with the enemys fleet. Approved Oct. 2, 1862. Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the abilities and integrity of Richard Fitzpatrick, I do appoint him commercial (igent of the Confederate States of America at Matamoras, in the State of Tamaulipas. Mexico, and do authotize and empower him to have and to hold said office and to exercise and enjoy all the riohts preeminences, priviliges, and authorities to the same of right apper- taming; he demanding and receiving no fees or perquisites of office whatever which shall not be expressly established by some law of the said Confederate States. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America this fifteenth (lay of November, A. D. 1862. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. [sEAL. Page 137 LIST OF PAPERS. 137 Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate AS~tates of America, to all to whom these presents shall come, greetiny: Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Empire of Rus- sia, and reposing special trust an(l confidence in the integrity, pru- dence. and abilities of Colonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar, I have appointed him Commissioner of the Confederate States to the Empire of Rus- sia, and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for, and in the name of the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons, duly authorized by the Russian Government, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to a~rree, treat, consult, an(l negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions touching the premises transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification by and with the advice and consent of the Congress of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond this 19th day of November. in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two. JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN. His E celiercy the minister of foreign affairs, etc. SIR: The President of the Confederate States, animated by a desire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed Colonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar, one of our most esteeme(l and trustworthy citizens, as commissioner of the Confed- erate States to the Empire of Russia; and I have now the honor to introduce him to your Excellency, and to ask for him a reception and treatment corresponding to his station, and to the purposes for which he is sent. Hoping that through his agency these may be accomplished, I avad m self of this occasion to offer to your Excellency the assurance of my distinguished consideration. J. P. BENJAMIN, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Secretary of State. Richmond, November 19, l8Gs?. his Majesty, Alexander II, Emperor of all the Russias, etc. GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: Animated by a sincere and earnest desire to establish and cultivate the most friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Empire of Russia, I have for that purpose selected Colonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar, one of our most intelligent, esteemed, and worthy citizens, and have commissioned him as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Con Page 138 138 I2IST OF PAPERS. federate States, to reside near the court of your Majesty. He is well acquainted with the wishes and interests of the Confederacy, and your Majesty will therefore be pleased to give full credence to what- ever representations he may make in its behalf. May God preserve your Majesty in His safe and holy keeping. Your Good Friend, JEFFERSON DAVIS. RIcrnIoND, November 19, 18W?. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Department of State. lAo all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that. the bearer hereof, Colonel Lucius Q. C. Lamar, is proceeding to St. Petersburg as a special commissioner of this Gov- ernment. These are, therefore, to request all whom it may concern to permit him and the persons of his suite to pass freely without let or molesta- tion, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and protection as would be extended to special commissioners of foreign countries re- sorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I, J. P. Benjamin, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this Department to be affixed at Richmond this 19th day of November, A. D. 18G~. [SEAL.] J. P. BENJAMIN. Jefferson Davis, Pres~den t of the Comfederate States of America, to all who shall see these presents, greeting: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the in- tegrity, ability, and punctuality of Walker Fearn, I have appointed him secretary of legation at St. Petersburg, and do authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law, and to have and to hold said office, with all the h)owers, privi- leges, and emoluments to the same of rioht appertaining unto him, the said Walker Fearn, subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the laws of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused these letters to be made patent and the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond the 19th day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two. JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the abilities and integrity of Bernard Avegno, I do appoint him commercial agent of the Confederate States of America at Vera Cruz, in Mexico, and do authorize and empower him to have and to hold said office Page 139 LIST OF PAPERS. 139 and to exercise and enjoy all the rights, preeminences, privileges, and authorities to the same of right appertaining, he demanding and re- ceiving no fees or perquisites of office whate~rcr which shall not be expressly established by some law of the said Confederate States. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America this eio ber, A. D. 1862. , ~hteenth day of Decem- [SEAL.] J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. GENERAL ORDE ES, )~ AD JT. AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE~ No. 111. f Richmond, December 24, 186~2. I. The following proclamation of the President is published for the information and guidance of all concerned therein: TILE PRESIDENT OF TILE CONFEDERATE STATES A PROCLAMATION. Whereas a communication was addressed on the 6th day of July last (1862) by General Robert E. Lee, acting under the instructions of the Secretary of War of the Confederate States of America, to General H. W. Halleck, General in Chief of the United States Army, informing the latter that a report had reached this Government that William B. Mumford, a citizen of the Confederate States, bad been executed by the United States authorities at New Orleans for having pulled down the United States flag in that city before its occupation by the forces of the United States, and calling for a statement of the facts with a view to retaliation if such an outrage had really been committed under sanction of the authorities of the United States~ And whereas (no answer having been received to said letter), an- other letter was, on the 2d of August last (1862), addressed by Gen- era.l Lee under my instructions to General Halleck, renewing the in- quirY in relation .to the said execution of said Mumford, with the in- formation that in the event of not receiving a reply within fifteen days it would be assumed that the fact alleged was true and was sanctioned by the Government of the United States; And whereas, an answer, dated on the 7th August last (1862) ; was addressed to General Lee by General Ii. XV. Halleck, the said General in (Thief of the Armies of tile United States, alleging sufficient cause for failure to make early reply to said letter of 6th ofJuly, asserting that iio authentic information has been received in relation to the execution of Mumford, but measures will be imme(liately taken to ascertain tile facts of the alleged execution, and promising that General Lee should be duly informed thereof; And whereas on the 29th of November last (1862) another letter was addressed under my instructions by Robert Ould, Confederate agent for the exchange of prisoners under the cartel between the two Governments, to Lieutenant Colonel W. H. Ludlow, agent of the United States under said cartel, informing him that the explanations promised in the said letter of General Halleck of 7th of August las Page 140 140 LIST OF PAPERS. had not yet been received, and that if no answer was sent to the Gov- ernment within fifteen days from the delivery of this last commu- nication it would be considered that an answer is declined; And whereas by letter (late(l on the 3d day of the present month of December the said Lieutenant-Colonel Ludlow apprised the said Robert Ould that the above-recited communication of 29th of Novem- ber had been received and forwarded to the Secretary of War of the United States; And whereas this last delay of fifteen (lays allowed for answer has elapsed and no answer has been received; And whereas ~n addition to the tacit admission resulting from the above refusal to answer I have received evidence fully establishing the truth of the fact that the said William B. Mumford, a citizen of this Confederacy, was actually and publicly execlite(l in cold blood by hanging, after the occupation of the city of New Orleans by the forces under the command of General Benjamin F. Butler, when said Mumford was an unresisting and noncombatant captive, and for no offense even alleged to have been committed by him subsequent to the date of the capture of the said city. And whereas the silence of the Government of the United States and its maintaining of said Butler in high office under its authority for many months after his commission of an act that can be viewed in no other light than as a deliberate murder, as well as of numerous other outrages and atrocities hereafter to be mentioned, afford evi- dence only too conclusive that the said Government sanctions the con- duct of said Butler and is determined that lie shall remain unpun- ishe(l for his crimes: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, and in their name, (10 pronounce and declare the said Benjamin F. Butler to be a felon deserving of capital punish- ment. I do order that he be no longer considered or treated simply as a public enemy of the Confederate States of America, but as an outlaw and common enemy of mankind, and that in the event of his capture the officer in command of the capturing force do cause him to be immediately executed by hanging; and I do further order that no commissioned officer of the United States taken captive shall be released on parole before exchange until the said Butler shall have met with due punishment for his crimes. And whereas the hostilities waged against this Confederacy by the forces of the United States under the command of said Benjamin F. Butler have borne no resemblance to such warfare as is alone permis- sible by the rules of international law or the usages of civilization, but have been characterized by repeated atrocities and outrages, among the large number of which the following may be cited as examples: Peaceful and aged citizens, unresisting captives, and noncombat- ants have been confined at hard labor, with balls and chains attached to their limbs, and are still so held in dungeons and fortresses. Others have been subjected to a like degrading punishment for sell- ing medicines to the sick soldiers of the Confederacy. The soldiers of the United States have been invited and encour- aged by general orders to insult and outrage the wives, the mothers, and the sisters of our citizens Page 141 LIST OF PAPERS. 141 helpless women have been torn from their homes and subjected to solitary confinement, some in fortresses and prisons, and one esp~- cially on an island of barren sand under a tropical sun; have been fed with loathsome rations that had been condemned as unfit for soldiers; and have been exposed to tile vilest insults. Prisoners of war who surrendered to the naval forces of the United States on agreement that they should be released on parole have been seized and kept in close confinement. Repeated pretexts have been sought or invented for plundering the inhabitants of the captured city by fines levied andexacted under threat of imprisoning recusants at hard labor with ball and chain. The entire population of the city of New Orleans have been forced to elect between starvation, by the confiscation of all their property, and taking an oatll against conscience to bear allegiance to the invaders of their country. Egress from the city has been refused to those whose fortitude withstood the test, even to lone and aged women and to helpless children; and, after being ejected from their homes and robbed of their proJ)erty, they have been left to starve in the streets or subsist on charity. The slaves have been driven from the plantations in the neighbor- hood of New Orleans till their owners would consent to share the crops witll the commanding general, his brother, Andrew J. Butler and other officers, and when such consent Ilad been extorted the slaves have been restored to the plantations and there compelled to work under the bayonets of guards of United States soldiers. Where this partnership was refused, armed expeditions have been sent to the plantations to rob them of everything that was susceptible of removal, and even slaves too aged or infirm for work have, in. spite of their entreaties, been forced from the homes provided by the owners and driven to wan(ler helplessly on the high way. By a recent general order (No. 91) the entire property in that part of Louisiana lying west of the Mississippi River has been sequestrated for confiscation, and officers have been assigned to duty with orders to gather up and collect the personal property and turn over to the proper officers upon their receipts such of said property as may be required for the use of the United States Army; to collect together all the otller personal property and bring the same to New Orleans and cause it to be sold at public auction to the highest bidders, an order which, if executed, condemns to punish- ment by starvation at least a quarter of a million human beings of all ages, sexes, and conditions; and of which the execution, although forbidden to military officers by tile orders of President Lincoln, is in accordance with The confiscation law of our enemies, which he has directed to be enforced througil the agency of civil officials. And finally the African slaves have not only been excited to insurrection by every license and encouragement, but numbers of them have actually been armed for a servile war, a war in its nature far exceed- ing in horrors the most merciless atrocities of the savages. An(l whereas the officers under the command of the said Butler have been in many instances active and zealous agents in the com- mission of these crimes, and no instance is known of the refusal of any one of them to participate in the outrages above narrated Page 142 142 LIST OF PAPERS. And whereas the President of the United States has by public and official declaration signified not only his approval of the effort to excite servile war within the Confederacy but his intention to give aid and encouragement thereto if these independent States shall continue to refuse submission to a foreign power after the 1st day of January next, and has thus made known that all appeals to the laws of nations, the dictates of reason, and the instincts of humanity would be addressed in vain to our enemies, and that they can be (leterred from the commission of these crimes only by the terms of just retribution: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, and acting by their authority, appealing to the Divine Judge in attestation that their conduct is not guided by the passion of revenge, but that they reluctantly yield to the solemn duty of repressing by necessary severity crimes of which their citizens are the victims, do issue this my l)roclamation, and by virtue of my authority as Commander in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States do order 1. That all commissioned officers in the command of said Benjamin F. Butler be declared not entitled to be considered as soldiers engaged in honorable warfare, but as robbers and criminals deserving death, and that they and each of them be, whenever captured, reserved for execution. 2. That the private soldiers and noncommissioned officers in the army of said Butler be considered as only the instruments used for the commission of the crimes perpetrated by his orders and not as free agents; that they, therefore, be treated, when captured, as prisoners of war with kindness and humanity and be sent home on the usual parole that they will in no manner aid or serve the ITnited States in any capacity during the continuance of this war unless duly ex- changed. 3. That all Negro slaves captured in arms be at once delivered over to the executive authorities of the respective States to which they belong, to he dealt with according to the laws of said States. 4. That the like orders be executed in all cases with respect to all commissioned officers of the United States when found servino in company with armed slaves in insurrection against the authorities of the different States of this Confederacy. In testimony whereof I have signed these presents and caused the seal of the Confederate States of America to be affixed thereto at the city of Richmond on this 23d day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two. EL.s.1 JEFFN DAvis. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. 11. Officers of the Army are charged with the observance and en- forcement of the foregoing orders of the President. Where the evi- dence is not full or the case is for any reason of a doubtful character it will be referred through this office for the decision of the War Department. By order: S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General Page 143 LIST OF PAPERS. 143 Resolutions of thanks. 1. Resoiced by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the bold, intrepid, and oallant conduct of Major-General J. Bankhead Magruder, Colonel rfhomas Green, Major Leon Smith, and other officers, and of the Texan Rangers and soldiers engaged in the attack on and victory achieved over the land and naval forces of the enemy at Galveston on the first of January, 1863, eminently entitle them to the thanks of Congress and the country. 2. Resolved, That this brilliant achievement, resulting, under the providence of God, in the capture of the war steamer Harriet Lane and the defeat and ignominious flight of the hostile fleet from the harbor, the recapture of the city, and the raising of the blockade of the port of Galveston, signally evinces that superior force may be overcome by skillful conception and daring courage. 3. Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be communicated by the Secretary of War to Major-General Magruder, and by him to his command. Approved February 25, 1863. Resolced by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby cor- dially given, to Brigadier-General N. B. Forrest and the officers and men under his command for gallantry and successful enterprise dur- ing the present war, and especially for the daring and skill exhibited the capture of Mnrfreesboro on the 13th of July last, and in subsequent brilliant a ci iievements. Approved, May 1, 1863. Know ye, that reposing special trust and confidence in the abilities and integrity of Robert Dowlino I do appoint him commercial agent of the Confederate States of America at Cork, in Ireland, and do authorize and empower him to discharge the duties of said office according to law. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America this seventh day of March, A. D. 1863. [SEAL.] J. P. BENJAMiN, Secretary of State. Jefferson Davis. President of the Confederate States of America, to all to whom. these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye, that for the purpose of establishing friendly relations l)ctween the Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of the Honorable John Slidell, I have ap- l)OiI~ted him special commissioner of the Confederate States to the Kingdom of Spain. and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority for and in the name of the Confederat Page 144 144 LIST OF PAPERS. States, to meet and confer with any person or persons, duly author- ized by the Spanish Government, being furnished with like power and authority and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond this 26th day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. [SEAL. 1 JEFFERSON DAvis. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. His Excellency her Catholic Majestys minister of foreign affairs, etc. SIR: The President of the Confederate States, animated by a desire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed the Honorable John Slidell, one of ~our most esteemed and trustworthy citizens, as special commissioner of the Confederate States to the Kingdom of Spain, and I have now the honor to introduce him to your Excellency and to ask for him a reception and treatment corresponding to his station and to the purposes for which he is sent. Hoping that through his agency these may be accomplished, I avail myself of this occasion to offer to your Excellency the assur- ance of my distinguished consideration. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, 26 March, 1863. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Department of State. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know yc that the bearer hereof, honorable John Slidell is pro- ceeding to Madrid as a special commissioner of this Government. These are, therefore, to request all whom it may concern to per- mit him and the persons of his suite to pass freely, without let or molestation, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and protec- tion as would be extended to special commissioners of foreion coun- tries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, 1, J. P. Benjamin, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of North America, have hereunto signed m yname and caused the seal of this Department to be affixed at Richmond this 26th day of March, A. D. 1863. [SEAL.] J. P. BENJAMIN Page 145 LIST OF PAPERS. 145 Addre88 to the people of the Confederate AState8. In compliance with the request of Congress containe(l in resolutions pasSe(l on the fourth day of the current month, I invoke your atten- tion to the present condition and future prospects of our country and to the duties which patriotism imposes on us all during this great struggle for our homes and our liberties. These resolutions are in the following langua~e Joint Rcselutioa relating to the production of provisions. Whereas a strong impression pre~ ails through the country that the war now being waged against the people of the Confederate States may terminate dur- ing the persent ye~ r and whereas this impression is lea(ling many patriotic citizens to engage largely in the production of cotton and tobacco, which they would not otherwise do; and whereas in the opinion of Congress it is of the utmost importance, not only with a view to the proper subsistence of our armies but for the interest and welfare of nil the people, that the agricultural labor of the country should be employed chiefly in the production of a supply of food to meet every contingency: Therefore, resolved, by the Congress of the Confed- erate States of America. that it is the deliberate Ju(lgment of Congress that the people of these States, while hoping for peace, should look to prolonged war as the only condition proffered by the enemy short of subjugation; that every I)reparation necessary to encounter such a war should be persisted in and that the amplest supply of provisions for armies and people should be the first object of all agriculturi sts; wherefore it is earnestly recommended that the Iheople, instead of planting cotton and tobacco, shall direct their agri- cultural labor mainly to the l)roduction of such crops as will insure a sufli- ciency of food for all classes and for every emergency, thereby, with true patri- otism, subor(hillating the hope of gain to the certain good of the country. Sec. 2. That the President is hereby requested to issue a proclamation to the people of these States urging upon them the necessity of guardin~ against the great perils of a short crop of provisions, and setting forth such reasons there- for as his judgment may dictate. F lilly concurring in the views thus expressed by the Congress, I confidently appeal to your love of country for aid in carrying into ellect the recommendation of your Senators and Representatives. We have reached the close of the second year of the war and may point with just pride to the history of our young Confederacy. Alone, unaided, we have met and overthrown the most formidable combination of naval and military arlnaments that the lust of con- quest ever gathered together for the subjugation of a free people. We began this struggle without a single gun afloat, while the re- sources of our enemy enabled them to gather fiects which, according to their official list published in August last, consisted of 427 vessels. measuring 340,036 tons, and carrying 3,268 guns. Yet we have cap- tured, sunk, or destroyed a number of these vessels, including two large frigates and one steam sloop of war, while four of their cap- tured steam gunboats are now in our possession, adding to the strength of our little Navy, which is rapidly gaining in numbers and efficiency. To oppose invading forces composed of levies which have already exceeded thirteen hundred thousand men we had no resources but the unconquerable valor of a people determined to be fr~e, and we were so destitute of military supplies that tens of thousands of our citizens were reluctantly refused admission into the service from our inability to provide them with arms, while for many months some of our important strongholds owed their safety chiefly to a care- 176429022voL 3 1 Page 146 146 LIST OF PAPERS. fi~l concealment of the fact that we were without a supply of powder for our cannon. Your (levotion and patriotism have triumphed over all these obstacles and called into existence thc munitions of war, the clothing, and the subsistence which have enabled our soldiers to illustrate their valor on numerous battle fields and to inflict crushing defeats on successive armies, each of which an arrogant foe fondly imagined to be invincible. The contrast between our past and present condition is well calcu- lated to inspire full confidence in the triumph of our arms. At no previous 1)eriod of the war have our forces been so nunmeroims, so well organized, an(l so thoroughly disciplined. armed, an(l equip~)ed as at present. The season of high water, on which our enemies relicd to enable their fleets of gunboats to penetrate into our country and devastate our homes, is fast passing away. Yet our strongholds on the Mississippi still bid defiance to the foe, an(i months of costly preparations for their reduction have been spent in vain. Disaster Imas been the result of their effort to turn or to storm Vicksburg and Port Hudson, as well as of every attack on our batteries on the Red River, the Tallahatchie, an(l other navioable streams. Within a few weeks the falling waters and the increasing heats of summer will complete their discomfiture and compel their baffled an(l (IC- feated forces to the abandonment of expe(iitions on which was based their chief hope of success in effecting our subjugation. ~Te must not forget, however, that the war is not yet ended and that we are still confronted by powerful armies an(l threatened by inimerous fleets, and that the Goverun-ment which controls these fleets an(l arnmies is (Iriven to the most desperate efforts to effect the unholy purposes in which it has thus far been defeated. It will use its utmost energy to avert the impen(ling (loom, so fuilly merited by the atrocities it has committe(l, the savage barbarities which it has en- couraged, and the crowning infamy of its attempt to excite a servile l)oPullation to the massacre of our wives, our daughters, and our help- less children. With such a contest before us there is but one (laulger which the Government of your choice regards with apprehension, and to avert this (langer it appeals to the never-failing patriotism and s1)irit of self-sacrifice which von have exhibited since the beginning of the war. The very unfavorable season, time l)rotractedi drouglmt of last year. reciuce(l the harvest on which we (lel)ende(l far below an aver- age yield, and the deficiency was unfortunately still more marked mu the northern portion of the Confederacy, where supplies were snecially needed for the Army. If through a~ confidence in early l)eace, which may prove delusive, our fields should be flOW devoted to the production of cotton and tobacco, instead of grain and live stock, and other articles necessary for the subsistence of the people and the Army, the consequences may prove serious, if not disas- trous, especially should the present season prove a~s unfavorable as the last. Youm com mutry therefore appeals to you to lay aside all thought of gain, and to devote yourselves to securing your liberties without which those gains would be valueless. It is true that the wheat harvest in the more southern States which will be gathered next month promises an abundant yield. But even if this pronmise be fulfilled, the difficulty of transportation enhanced as i Page 147 LIST OF PAPERS. 147 has been by an unusually rainy winter will cause embarrassments in military operations and suffering among the people should the crops in the middle and northern portions of the Confederacy prove deficient. But no uneasiness need be felt in regard to a mere sal) ply of bread for man. It is for the large amount of corn and forage re- quired for the raisimr of live stock and for the supply of the animals used in military ooerations that your aid is specially required. These articles are too bulky for distant transportation, and in them the deficiency in the last harvest was most felt. Let your fields be (levoted exclusively to the production of corn, oats, beans, l)Ca5. potatoes and other food for man and beast; let corn be sown broad- cast for fodder in immediate proximity to railroads, rivers, and canals. and let all your efforts be directed to the prompt supply of these articles in the district.s where our armies are operating. You will thus add greatly to their efficiency and furnish the means with out which it is impracticable to make those prompt and active move- ments which have hitherto stricken terror into our enemies and se- ciireu our most brilliant triumphs. having thus placed before you, my countrymen, the reasons for the call made on you for aid in supplying the wants of the coming year, I add a few words of appeal in behalf of the brave soldiers now confronting your enemies, and to whom your Government is unable to furnish all the comforts they so richly merit. The supply of meat for the Army is deficient. rfl~i5 deficiency is only tempo- ma ry, for measures have been adopted which will, it. is believed, soon enable us to restore the full ration. But that ration is flOW reduced at times to one-half the usual quantity in some of our armies. It is known that the supply of meat throughout the coun- try is sufficient for th~ support of all, but the distances are so great, the condition of the roads has been so bad during the five months of winter weather through which we have just passed, and the attempts of g roveling speculators to forestall the market and make money out of the lifeblood of our defenders have so much influenced the with- (irawal from sale of the surplus in the hands of time l)Ioduceis, that the Government has been unable to gather full supplies. The Sec- retary of War has prepared a plan, which is a~)pemIdedl to this ad- dress, by the aid of which, or some similar means to be adopted by you i-selves, you can assist the oflicers of the Government in the pur- c~mase of the bacon, the pork, and the beef known to exist in lar~e oiiantit~es in different parts of the country. Even if the surplus be less than is believed, is it not a~ bitter an(l humiliating reflection that those who remain at~ home. secure from liar(15hi1)5 011(1 ])rotected from danger, should be in the enjoyment of abundance and that their slaves also should have a full supply of food, while their sons, brothers, husbands, and fathers are stinted in the rations on which their health and efficiency depend. Entertaining no fear that you will either misconstrue the motives of this address or fail to respond to the call of patriotism, I have placed the facts fully and frankly before you. Let us all imnite in the l)erformance of our duty, each in his sphere; and with conceited, persistent, and well-directed effort there seems little reason to doubt that umn(ler the blessing of Him to whom we look for guidance, and who has been to us our shield and our strength, we shall maintai Page 148 148 LIST OF PAPERS. the sovereignty and independence of these Confederate States and transmit to our posterity the heritage bequeathed to us by our fathers. JEFFERSON DAVIS. LXECUTIVE OFFICE~ Richmond, April 10, 1863. Rewired by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are dime, and are hereby tendered, to General John H. Morgan, and the officers and men of his command for their varie(l, heroic, and invaluable services in Tennessee and Kentucky immediately preceding the battles 1)efore Murfreesboro, services which have conferred upon their officers fame as enduring as the records of the struggle which they have so brilliantly illustrated. Approved, May 1, 1863. Resolved by the Con gress of the Confederate States of Arner~iea, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due. and are hereby most cordially tendered, to General G. T. Beauregard, and the officers and men of his command, engaged in the affair, for their brilliant and signal (lefeat of the ironclad fleet of the enemy in the harbor of Charleston, on the seventh of April, one thousand ei~xht hundred and sixty-three. Resolved, rrhat the President be requested to communicate this resolution to General Beauregard and his command. Ap~)roved, May 1, 1863. Resolved by time Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to Major Oscar M. Watkins and the officers and men under his com- mand, for the signal victory achieved over the naval forces of the United States at Sabine Pass, on the twenty-first of January, eight- een hundred and sixty-three, resulting in the dispersion of the block- ading squadron of the enemy, and the capture of two of his ounboats. Approved, May 1, 1863. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are dde, an(l are hereby tendered, to Brigadier-General Wheeler, and the officers and men of his command, for their daring and successful attacks upon the enemys cunboats and transports in the Cumberland River. Approved, May 1, 1863. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do resolve, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and soldiers engaged in the defense of Fort McAllister Page 149 LiST OF PAPERS. 149 Georgia, on the first of February and third of March last, for the gallantry and endurance with which they successfully resisted the attacks of the ironclad vessels of the enemy. Resolved further, That the foregoing resolutioii be communicated by the Secretary of War to the general commanding the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and by him to be made known, in appropriate general orders, to the officers and troops to whom it is addressed. Approved, May 1, 1863. PROCLAMATION BY TI-lB PRESiDENT. Whereas it is provided by an act of Congress entitled An act to further provide for the public defense approved on the 16th day of April, 1862, and by another act of Congress approved on 27th of September, 1862, entitled An act to amend an act entitled An act to provide further for the public defense, approved 16th April, 1862, that the President be authorized to call out and place in the military service of the Confederate States for three years unless the war shall have been sooner ended, all white men who are residents of the Confederate States between the ages of ehrhteen and forty-five years at the time the call may be made an(l who are not at such time legally exempted from military service, or such part thereof as in his judgment may be necessary to the public defense: And whereas in my judgment the necessities of the public defense require that every man capable of bearing arms between the ages aforesaid should now be called out to do his duty in the defense of his country and in driving back the invaders now within the limits of the Confederacy; Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do by virtue of the powers vested in me as afore- said call out and place in the military service of the Confederate States all white men residents of said States between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, not legally exempted from military service, and I do hereby order and direct that all persons subject to this call and not now in the niilitary service do upon being enrolled forthwith repair to the conscript camps established in the respective States of which they may be residents, under pain of being held and punished as (leserters in the event of their failure to obey this call, as provided in said laws; And I do further order and direct that the enrolling officers of the several States proceed at once to enroll all persons embraced within the terms of this proclamation not heretofore enrolled; And I do further order that it shall be lawful for any person em- braced within this call, to volunteer for service before enrollment, and that persons so volunteering be allowed to select the arm of serv- ice and the company which they desire to join provided such company be deficient in the full number of men allowed by law for its organiza- tion Page 150 150 LIST OF PAPERS. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States of America. at the city of Richmond, this fifteenth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. [sEAL.] JEFFERsoN DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretar~ o~ State. iB~ THE PRESII)ENT OF THE CONFEPERATE STATES. A PROCLAMATION. Again do I call upon die people of the Confederacya people who l)elieve th~it the Lord reigneth and that His overruling providence ordereth all thingsto unite in prayer an(l humble submission under His chastening hand and to beseech his favor on our suffering country. It is meet that when trials and reverses befall us we should seek to take home to our hearts and consciences the lessons which they teach and profit by the self-examination for which they prepare us. Ha(l not our successes on land and sea made us self-confident and forgetful of our reliance on Him; had not love of lucre eaten like a gangrene into the very heart of the hind, converting too many among us into worshipers of gain and rendering them unmindful of their duty to their country, to their fellow men, and to their Godwho, then, will presume to complain that we have been chastened or to despair of our just cause and the protection or our Heavenly Father? Let us rather receive in bumble thankfulness the lesson which lie has taught in our recent reverses, devoutly acknowledging that to Him and not to our own feeble arms are due the honor and glory of v~etory; that from him, in His l)atein:il l)rovidence, come the ai)guish an(l sufferings of defeat; and that, whether in victor humble supplications are due at His footstool. y or defeat, our Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis. President of these Confederate States, do issue this, my proclamation, setting apart l~riday, the twenty-first day of August ensuing, as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer; and I do hereby invite the people of the Confederate States to repair on that day to their respective l)laces of public worship and to unite in supplication for the favor and protection of that God who has hitherto conducted us safely through all the (langers that environed us. In faith whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and the seal of the Confederate States, at Richmond, this twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. [sEAJ~.] J EFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN Secretary of State Page 151 LIST OF PAPERS. 151 l~Y THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. A PROCLAMATION. The Soldiers of the Confederate States: After more than two years of warfare scarcely equaled in the nunTLl)er. magnitude, and fearful carnage of its battles, a. warfare in winch your courage an(l fortitude have illustrated your country and attracted not only gratitude at home but admiration aJ)road, your enemies continue a struggle in which our final triiimu h must be ill- evitable. Unduly elated with their recent successes, they imagine that temporary reverses can quell your spirit or shake your deter- mination, and they are now gathering heavy masses for a general invasion, in the vain hope that by a desperate effort success may at length be reached. You know too well, my countrymen, what they mean by success. Their malignant rage aims at nothing less than the extermination of yourselves. vo ur can not plunder. and children. They seek to destroy what they They purpose as the spoils of victory that your homes shall l)e IJartitionel among the wretches whose atrocious cruelties have stamped infanir on their Government. They design to incite servile insurrection and light the fires of incendiarism wherever they can reach your homes, and they debauch the inferior race, hitherto docile and contented, by promising indulgence of the vilest passions as the price of treachery. Conscious of their inability to prevail by legitimate warfare, not. daring to make peace lest they should be hurled from their seats of power, the men who now rule in Washington refuse even to confer on the subject of putting an end to age or to listen to a Quooe~tion outrages which (lisarace our ~. for eonductin~ the war according to the usages of civilization. Fellow citizens. 110 alternative is left you bitt victory or stibjuga- tion. slavery, in1 the utter ruin of yourselves, your families, and your country. rri victory is within your reach. You need l)ut stretch forth your hands to grasp it. For this end all that is neces- sarv is that those who are called to the field hr every motive that can move the hunmn heart should l)romPtly repair to the post of ditty, should stand br their comrades now in front of the foe, and thus so strengthen the armies of the Confederacy as to insure success. Tile men now absent from their 1)osts would, if present in tile field, suffice to create numerical equality between our force and that of the invaders; and when with any approach to such equalitr have we failed to be victorious? I believe that but few of those absent are actuated by unwillingness to serve their country, but that many have found it difficult to resist the temptation of a visit to their homes amId tile loved ones from whom they have been so long separated; that others have left for temporary attention to their affairs with the intention of returning, and then have shrt~nk from the conse- quence of the violation of ditty; that others again have left their posts from mere restlessness and desire of change, each quieting the up- braidings of his conscience by persua(ling himself that his individual services could have no influence on tile general result. These and other causes (although far less disgraceful than the desire to avoid danger or to escape from the sacrifices required by patriotism) are Page 152 152 LIST OF PAPERS. nevertheless, grievons faults, and l)laCe the cause of our beloved coun- try an(l of everything we 1101(1 (lear in imminent peril. I repeat that the men who now owe (lilty to their country, who have been called out anul have not yet rej)orte(1 for duty, or who have absented themselves from their posts are sufficient in number to secure us victory in the struggle now ilnpen(ling. I call on you, then, my countrymen, to hasten to your camps in o1)edience to the dictates of honor an(l of (lutv, and I summon those who have absented them- selves without leave, or who have reniaine(l absent bevon(l the perio(l allowed by their furloughs,to repair without delay to their respective comman(ls and I do hereby (leclare that I grant a general I)ar(lon and amnesty to all officers and men within the Confederacy now ab- sent without leave who shall with the least possible (lelay return to their proper posts of duty; but no excuse will be received for any delay beyond twenty days after the first publication of this prochima- tion in the State in which the absentee may be at the (late of publica- tion. This amnesty and pardon shall extend to all who have been accused, or who have been convicted and are undergoing sentence for absence without leave or desertion, excepting only those who have been twice convicted of (lesertion. hnally, I conjure my countrywomen, the wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters of the Confederacy, to use their all-powerful influence in aid of this call, to add one crowning sacrifice to those which their patriotism has so freely and constantly offered on their countrys altar. an(l to take care that none who owe service in the field shall be sheltered at home from the disgrace of having deserted their duty to their families, to their country, and to their God. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States, at Richmond, this first day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. [SEAL.I JEFFERSON DAvIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN Secretary of State. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to it. Dudley Mann, greeting: Reposing special trust and confidence in your prudence, integrity, and ability, I (10 appoint you, the said A. Dudley Mann, special envoy of the Confederate States of America to the Holy See and to deliver to its most venerable chief, Pope Pius JX, soveremgn pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, a communication which I have addressed to his holiness under date of the 23d of this month. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States of America, at the city of Richmond, this 24th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. [sEAL.1 JEFFERSON DAvi S. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN Secretary of State Page 153 LIST OF PAPERS. 153 Address. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF TENNESSEE, October 14, 1863. SoLDiERs: A grateful country has recoanized your arduous service, an(l rejoiced over your glorious victory on the field of Chickamauga. When your c otintrymen shall more fully learn the adverse circum- stances rinrier which you attacked the enemythough they can not be more thaukfulthey may admire more the gallantry and patri- otic devotion which secured your success. Representatives of every State of the Confederacy, your steps have been followed with affec- tionate solicitude by friends in every portion of the country. De- fenders of the heart of our territory, your fliovements have been the object of intensest anxiety. The hopes of our cause greatly depend upon you. and happy it is that all can securely rely upon your achiev- ing whatever, under the ble~inr you have ~ of Providence, human power can (lone much, very much yet remains to be (lone. Behind you is a people providing for your support and (lepending on you for protection. Before you is a country (levastated by your ruthless invader, where gentle women, feeble age, and helpless in- fancy have been subjected to outrages without parallel in the war- fare of civilized nations. With eager eyes they watch for your com- ing to their deliverance. an(l the homeless refugee l)ilies for the hour when your victorious arms shall restore his family to the shelter from which they have been driven. Forced to take up aims to vindicate the political rights, the freedom, equality, an(l State sovereignty which were the heritage purchased by the blood of your revolutionary sires, you have but the alternative of slavish submission to despotic usurpation or the independence which vigorous, unit e(l, persistent effort will secure. All which fires the manly breast, nerves the patriot, and exalts the hero is present to stimulate an(l sustain you. Nobly have you redeemed the pledres oiven in the name of free- dom to the memory of your ancestors and the, rights of your pos- terity. That you may complete the mission to which you are (levoted will require of you such exertion in the future as you have made in the l)astcontinuance in the patient endurance of toil and danger, and that self-denial which rejects every consideration at variance with the public service as unworthy of the holy cause in which you are engage(l. When the war shall have ended, the highest nlee(l of praise will be due, and probably given, to him who has claimed least for himself in proportion to the service he has rendered, and the bitterest self- reproach which may hereafter haunt the memory of any one will be to him who has allowed selfish aspiration to prevail over a (lesire for the public good. United as you are in a common (lestiny, obe- dience and cordial cooperation are essentially necessary, and there is no higher duty than that which requires each to ren(ler to all what is due to their station. lie who sows the seeds of discontent and dis- trust prepares for the harvest of slaughter and defeat. To zeal you have added gallantry; to gallantry, energy; to energy, fortitude. Crown these with harmony, due subordination, and cheerful support of lawful authority, that the measure of your duty may be full Page 154 154 LIST OF PAPERS. I fervently hope that the ferocious war so unjustly waged aga just our country may be soon ended, that, with the blessing of peace, you may be restored to your homes and the useful pursuits; and 1 pray that our heavenly Father may cover you with the shield of his pro- tectiion in the hours of battle and endow you with the virtues which will close your trials in victory complete. JEFFERSON DAVIS. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to ll7lliam Preston, greeting: Reposing apecial trust and confidence in your integrity, prudence, and ability, I have nominated and, by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate, do appoint you, tbe sai(l William Preston, of Kentucky, to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States of America. to the Government of Mexico, authorizing von hereby to do and perform all such matters and things as to the said place or office doth appertain, or may be duly given you in charge hereafter, and the said office to hold arid exercise (hiring the pleasure of the President of the Confederate States for the time being. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond the 7th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1864. [sEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President.: J. P. BENJAMJN A~ecretary of State. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of Ame~iea, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye, that., for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the Government of Mexico, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, l)ru(lence, and abilities of General William Preston, I have, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appointed him envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States to the Government of Mexico, and have invested him wit.h full a.n(l all manner of power and authority for and in the name of the Confederate States to meet and confer with any person or persons, duly authorized by the Mexican Government, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, con- vention or conventions, toncbing the l)remises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed Page 155 LIST CF PAPERS. 155 Given under my hand at the city of Richmond this 7th day of January, A. 1). 1864. [sEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, ASeeretar!/ of State. His Imperial Maje8ty, Mamimilian .,etc. GREAT AND (~oon IAIDEIND: Animated by a sincere and earnest desire to establish and cultivate the lilOSt friendly relatIons between the Confederate States of America and the Government of Mexico, I have for that purpose selected General William Preston, one of our most intelligent. esteemed, and worthy citizens, and Ii ave commis- sioned bun as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States, to reside near the court of your Imperial Majesty. He is well acquainted with the wishes an(l interests of the Confederacy, and your Imperia.i Majesty will therefore be 1)leased to give full credence to whatever representations he may make in its behalf. May God preserve your Majesty in His safe. and holy keeping. Your goo(l friend, JEFFERSON DAvIS. RICHMOND, .Jan YCfl/ 7, 1864. Jeff error Da4s. President of the Confederate States of America, to di who sliati see these presents, greeting: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the integ- rity, ability, and punctuality of Walker Fearn, I have nornin~ ted, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, do appoint him secretary of legation at the city of Mexico, an(l do authorize and em-npower him to execute an(l fulfill the (liltiCS of that office according to law, and to have and to hold tbe said office with all powers, privileges, and emoluments to the same, of right al)pertain- ing unto him the said Walker Fearn, subject to the provisions of the Constitution and laws of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused these letters to be made patent and the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond, the 7th day of January. in the year of our Lord 1864. [SEALJ JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN. Secretary of State. KesoiPtions of thanks. ~\Thereas the campaigns of the brave and gallant armies covering the capital of the Confederate States during the two successive year Page 156 156 LIST OF PAPERS. of ewhteen hun(lre(l an(l sixty-two an(l eighteen hundred and sixty- three un(ler the leadership an(l comnlan(l of General Robert IE. Lee have been crowned with glorioUS re~ults, (lefeating greatly superior forces masse(l by the enemy for the conquest of these States, repelling the inva(lers with immense losses and twice transferrin~ the battle field from our own country to that of the enemy; and whereas the masterly and crlorious achievements, ren(leriIl g forever memorable the fields of the Seven Days of Great Battles, which raised the siege of Richmond, as well as those of Cedar Run, Second Manassas, Harpers Ferry. Boonshoro, Sb a rpsburg, Sb eph erdstown Fredericks- buro Winchester, Gettysbnr~. and Chancellorsville, command the admiration and gratitude of our country; and whereas these and other illustrious services rendered by this able commander since the commencement of our war of independence have especially endeared him to the hearts of his countrymen and have imposed on Congress the grateful duty of giving expression to their feelings: Therefore I?esoleed by the Congres8 of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are (hie, and are tendered, to General Robert E. Lee and to the officers an(l soldiers of the Confederate armieS ~~nder his command for the o~reat and signal victories they have won over the vast hosts of the enemy and for the inestimable services they have rendered in defense of the liberty and independ- ence of our country. Resolved. That~ the President be requested to communicate these resolutions to General Robert ZE. Lee and to the officers and soldiers herein designated. Approved January 8, 1864. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate Stdtes of A inerica, to .Jcunes Al. Mason, greetiag: Reposing special trust an(l confidence in your integrity, prudence, an(l abilit~ I have nominated and, by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate, do appoint you, the said James M. Mason, of Vir- ginia. to be commissioner to represent the Confederate States of America to such foreign nations as I shall from time to time direct you to visit; authorizing you hereby to do and perform all such mat- ters and things as to the said place or office doth appertain, or as may be duly given you in charge hereafter; and the sai(1 office to hold and exercise during the pleasure of the President of the Confederate States for the time being. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond the 18th day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. [sEAm~.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, AStec-?~etary of State Page 157 LIST OF PAPERS. 157 Jeff erson Davis, Presiden of the Confederate States of A imerica, to all to whom. these presents shall co , greeting: Know ye, that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the , and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence, and abilities of the Honoral)le James M. Mason, I have, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appointed him commissioner of the Confederate States to , and have invested him with full an(l all manner of power and authority for and in the name of the Confederate States, to meet and confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the Government, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat, con- stilt an(I negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both nations, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, conven- tion or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Riclunond this 18th day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. [sEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. flis Excellency, etc. Sw: The President of the Confederate States, animated by a de- sire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed the Honorable James M. Mason, one of our most esteemed and trustworthy citizens, as commissioner of the Confed- erate States to the of ; and I have now the honor to introduce him to your Excellency, and to ask for him a reception and treatment corresponding to his station, and to the pur- poses for which he is sent. Those purposes he will more particularly explain to you. hoping that through his agency these may be accomplished, I avail myself of this occasion to offer to your Excellency the assur- ance of my distinguished consideration. J. P. BENJAMIN, DEPARTMENT OF STATE~ Secretary of State. Rickniond, 18 January, 186I~. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Department of State. To all whoTh. these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye, that the bearer hereof, the Honorable James M. Mason, is proceeding to as commissioner of this Government Page 158 158 LIST OF PAPERS. These are therefore to request all whom it may concern to permit hii~m and the persons of his suite to pass freely without let or molesta- tion, and to extend to him all such friendly aid and protection as would be extended to commissioners of foreign countries resorting to the Confederate States. In testimony whereof, I, J. P. Benjamin, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America, have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal of this Department to be affixed at the city of Richmond this 18th day of January, A. D. 18G4. [SEAL.] J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. Jefferson Dads, I~residci~t of the Confederate States of America, to all who shall see these presents, grecting: ai~V4~itl1at~ reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, punctualit of James E. Macfarland, I have nominated and. by and with the advice arid consent of the Senate, (10 appoint him sec ieta ry of legat ion to the Honorable James M. Mason, and do authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law, and to have and to hold the sai(i office, with all the poweis, privileges, and emoluments to the same of right apper- taming unto him, the said James E. Macfarland, s11l)ject to the pro- visions of the Constitution and the laws of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caimse~l these Ictters to be made patent and the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given nuder my hand at the city of Richmond the 18th (lay of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. [SEAL. ~ JEFFERSON DAVIS. liv the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, kSeefetary of State. Whereas Major ileros von Borcke, of Prussia., adjutant and in- spector general of the cavalry corps of the Army of Northern \Tir~ ginia, having left his own country to assist in securing the independ~ ence of ours, and by his personal gallantry in the field having won the admuiration of his comrades as well as that of his comlmmanding general, all of whom deeply sympathize with him in his presem~t suffer ]ngs from the wounds received in battle: Therefore Resoleed by the Con aress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are (lUC~ and the same are hereby ten- dered, to Major von Borche for his self-sacrificing devotion to our Confederacy an(l for his distinguished services in simpport of its cause. Resoleed, That a copy of the foregoino resolution be transmitted to Major von Boreke by the President of the Comifederate States. Approved January 30, 1864 Page 159 LI8T OF PAPEflS. 159 Whereas the Congress of the Confederate States have received, with the liveliest emotions, the cheering intelligence that a large por- tion of the Tennessee troops comJ)osing the Army of Tennessee, under the command of General Joseph B. Johnston, have tendered their services to the country during the war; it is, theref ore, Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate AS~tates of America, That~ the thanks of Congress are hereby cordially given to the gallant soldiers of Tennessee, who have, in advance of the legislation of Con- gress. and before their three years term of service had expired, vol- tintarily tendered their services to the country during the war, with the heroic determination never to abandon the field till the last vandal invader is driven from our soil and our -freedom won. Resolved, That, in view of the magnitu(le of the struggle in which we are engage(l, and the great stake at issuethe freedom of our countrythe Congress indulges the confident hope that the example so heroically set by their brothers in arms will be followed by our whole Army, thus giving to the world, after nearly three years of ~irduous struggle, an earnest of their determination to die or be free. Resolved, That the lresi(lent be requested to have the foregoing preamble and resolution sent to the commanders of the Army, with the request that they communicate them to the officers and soldiers, as an evi(lence of the high appreciation in which they are gratefully held Iw the Congress of the Confederate States of America for their heroic valor displayed on so many memorable occasions, and for their fortitude and perseverance tinder so many trials. Approved February 3, 1864. The Congress of the Confederate States having learned through the public press of the reenlistment for the war of the North Carolina brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia serving under General Robert D. Johnston: Therefore Resol~ed by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the l)atriotism and spirit of the North Carol jna troops, evinced by their l)rolnpt and voluntary devotion of themselves afresh to the service of the country, are bevon(1 all praise, and deserve the un- boun tied gratitude of the country. Approved February 6, 1864. Reqoired by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are tendered to the gallant trOOps from the State of Louisiana in the Army of Tennessee, who have, with signal unanimity, volunteered their services for the war. SEc. 2. Resolved, That the lofty and self-sacrificing spirit ex- hibited by this noble act (leserves and will receive the commendation and gratitude of every true patriot. Src. 3. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are equally due, and are tendered, to t.he patriotic and self-sacrificing troops who, at the commencement of the war, placed their services at the disposal of their country without condition or limit as to time. Approved February 6, 1864 Page 160 160 LIST OF PAPERS. fiesolved, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and men of the Second Florida Reoiment who, after a service of distinguished gallantry an(l heroic snfferinu for nearly three years, did, on the twenty-eighth iiltimo, at a meeting held near iRapidan Station, Virginia, resolve to reenlist for the war at the expiration of their present. term of service. Approved February 6, 1864. Whereas the Alabama troops composing the brigade commanded by Brhra dier-General Cuhlen A. Battle, in the Army of Northern Virginia, volunteered in the service of the Confederate States, in the early part. of the year eighteen hundred and sixty-one, upon the first call for troops for the defense of Virginia, have participated in every battle fought by that army, from the battle of Seven Pines to that of ~ett~~sburg, always winning by their gallantry and devotion de- served praise and honor, and now, after enduring for nearly three, years the hardships and dangers of acLive military service, have re- enlisted for the war: ~fhf Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby cordially ten- dered, to the Alabama troops, who, by their renewing the offer of their services to the country for the war in advance of any legislative action, have shown a spirit undaunted, a heroic determination to battle ever until the independence of their country is established, and a consecration to the cause of liberty worthy of imitation by their comrades. Resolved, That the President be requested to communicate a copy of the foregoing preamble and resolution to the commander and troops of said brigade as an evidence of the grateful appreciation by Congress of their fortitude and heroism during the trials and dan- gers of past services, and of their late act of patriotism, con firming the faith and reassuring the hope of the patriot. Approved February 6, 1864. rihe Congress of the Confederate States of America, having learned that. the division of troops commanded by Major-General Rodes have reenlisted for the war, do Resolve, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby ten- dered, to the officers and troops commanded by Major-General Rodes for the patriotism exhibited by them in reenhisting for the war as well as for the gallantry they have always displayed upon the field of battle; and they are assured that their country will always bear in grateful remembrance the noble manner in which they have come to her assistance in the hour of her need. Resolved, further, That the President be requested to communicate this resolution to General Rodes and the officers and troops under his command. Approved February 6, 1864. Page 161 LIST OF PAPERS. 161 Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and hereby cordially tendered, to the gallant brigade of North Carolina troops commanded by Brigadier-General S. D. iRamseur in the Army of Northern Vir- ginia, for their devoted patriotism in unanimously offering their valuable services to the Confederacy for the war, after having al- ready signalized their patriotic zeal, fortitude, and valor on many fields of battle and in many scenes of trial. Approved February 6, 1864. Resolved by the Con gress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to Colonel Thomas G. Lamar and the officers and men engaged in the gallant and successful (lefense of Secessionville against the greatly superior numbers of the enemy on the sixteenth day of June, eigh- teen hundred and sixty-two. Approved February 8, 1864. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby cordially given, to Captain Odlum, Leutenant Richard Dowl- ing, and the forty-one nien composing the Davis Guards, under their command, for their daring, gallant, and successful defense of Sabine Pass, Texas, against the attack made by the enemy on the eighth of September last with a fleet of five gunboats an(l twenty-two steam transports, carrying a land force of fifteen thousand men. Re~oiped, That this defense, resulting, under the providence of God, in the defeat of the enemy, the capture of two gunboats, with more than three hundred prisoners, including the commander of the fleet, the crippling of a third gunboat, the dispersion of the trans- ports, and preventing the invasion of Texas, constitutes, in the opin- ion of Congress, one of the most brilliant and heroic achievements in the history of this war and entitles the Davis Guards to the gratitude and admiration of their country. Resolved, That the President be requested to communicate the foregoing resolutions to Captain Odlum, Lieutenant Dowling, and the men under their command. Approved February 8, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due. and are hereby cor- dially tendered, to General G. T. Beauregard and the officers and men of his command for their gallant and successful defense of the city of Charleston, South Carolinaa defense which for the skill, heroism, and tenacity displayed by the defenders during an attack scarcely paralleled in warfare, whether we consider the persistent efforts of the enemy or his almost boundless resources in the most improved an(l formidable artillery and the most powerful engines 176429022-voL 3 1 Page 162 162 LIST OF PAPERS. of war hitherto knownis justly entitled to be pronounced glorious by impartial history and an admiring country. Resolved, That. the President be requested to communicate the fore- going resolution to General Beauregard and the officers and men of his command. Approved February 8, 1804. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby ten(lered, to Major-General Patrick R.. Cleburne and the officers and men under his command for the victory obtained by them over sit- ~rior forces of the enemy at Ringgold Gap, in the State of Georgia, on the twenty-seventh day of November, eighteen hundred and sixty- three, by which the advance of the enemy was impeded, our wagon train and most of our artillery saved, and a large number of the enemy killed and wounded.. Re.wlied. That the President be requested to communicate the fore- going resolution to Major-General Cleburne and his command. Approved February 9. 1864. Address. GENERAL ORDERS, ADJT. AND INSP. GENERALS OFFICE No. 19. f Richmond, February 10, 1864. The following address of the President is published for the infor- mation of the Army: Soldwrs of the Armies of the Confederate States: In the long and bloody war in which your country is engaged you have achieved many noble triumphs. You have won glorious vic- tories over vastly more numerous hosts. You have cheerfully borne privations and toil to which you were unused. You have readily submitted to restraints upon your individual will that the citizen might better perform his duty to the State as a soldier. To all these you have lately added another triumphthe noblest of human con- questsa victory over yourselves. As the time drew near when you who first entered the service might well have been expected to claim relief from your arduous labors and restoration to the endearments of home you have heeded only the call of your suffering country. Again you come to tender your service for the public defensea free offering which only such patriotism as yours could make, a triumph worthy of you and of the cause to which you are devoted. I would in vain attempt adequately to express the emotions with which I received the testimonials of confidence and regard which you have recently addressed to me. To some of those first received sepa- rate acknowledgments were returned. But it is now apparent that a like generous enthusiasm pervades the whole Army, and that the only exception to such magnanimous tender will be of those who, having originally entered for the war, can not display anew their zeal in the public service. It is, therefore, deemed appropriate, an Page 163 LiST OF PAPER.~. 16~l it is hoped will be equally acceptable, to make a general acknowledg- ment instead of successive special responses. Would that it were possible to r& nder my thanks to you in person and in the name of our common country as well as in my own while pressing the hand of each war-worn veteran, to recognize his title to our love, gratitude, and admiration! Soldiers! By your will (for you and the people are but one) I have been placed in a position which debars me from sharing your dangers, your sufferings, and your privations in the field. With 1)ride and affection my heart has accompanied you in every march; with solicitude it has sought to minister to your every want; with exultation it has marked your every heroic achievement. Yet never in the toilsome ~narch, nor in the weary watch, nor in the des- l)erate assault, have you rendered a service so decisive in results as in this last display of the highest qualities of devotion and self- sacrifice which can adorn the character of the warrior patriot. Already the pulse of the whole people beats in unison with yours. Already they compare your spontaneous and unanimous offer of your lives for the defense of your country with the halt- ing and reluctant service of the mercenaries who are purchased by the enemy at the price of higher bounties than have hitherto been known in war. Animated by this contrast, they exhibit cheerful confidence and more resolute bearing. Even the murmurs of the weak and timid, who shrink from the trials which make stronger and firmer your noble natures, are shamed into silence by the spec- tacle which you present. Your brave battle cry will ring loud and clear through the land of the enemy as well as our own, will silence the vainglorious boastings of their corrupt partisans and their pen- sioned press, and will do justice to the calumny by which they seek to persuade a deluded people that you are ready to purchase dis- honorable safety by degrading submission. Soldiers! The coming spring campaign will open under auspices well calculated to sustain your hopes. Your resolution needed noth- ing to fortify it. With ranks replenished under the influence of your example and by the aid of your representatives, who give earn- est of their purpose to add by legislation largely to your strength, you may welcome the invader with a confidence justified by the memory of past victories. (in the other hand, debt, taxation, repe- tition of heavy drafts, dissensions, occasioned by the strife for power, by the pursuit of the spoils of office, by the thirst for the plunder of the Public Treasury, and, above all, the consciousness of a bad cause, must tell with fearful force upon the overstrained energies of the enemy. His campaign in 1864 must, from the exhaustion of his resources both in men and money, be far less formidable than those of the last two years, when unimpaired means were used with boundless prodigality and with results which are suggested by the mention of the glorious names of Shiloh and Perryville, and Mur- freesboro and (ihickamanga, and the (ihickahominy and Manassas, and Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Soldiers! Assured success awaits us in our holy struggle for lib- erty and independence and for the preservation of all that renders life desirable to honorable men. When that success shall be reached, to youyour countrys hope and prideunder Divine Providence Page 164 164 LiST OF PAPERS. ~vil1 it be due. The fruits of that success will not be reaped by you alone, but your children and your childrens children, in long gen- erations to come, will enjoy blessings derived from you that will jreserve your memory ever living in their hearts. Citizen defenders of the homes, the liberties, and the altars of the Confederacy! That the God whom we all humbly worship may shield you with his Fatherly care and preserve you for safe return to the peaceful enjoyment of your friends and the association of those you most love is the earnest prayer of your Commander in Chief. JEFFERSON DAVIS. RIcu~toND, February 9, 1864. By order: S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress and of the country are due, and are hereby tendered, to the members of McChings battery for the chival- rous and patriotic manner in which they have revolunteered and tendered their services for the war, and that a copy of this resolution be transmitted to them without (lelay. Approved February 13, 1864. I?esoived b1~ the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and men of the Tenth Mississippi Regiment for having patriotically and in a spirit of self-sacrificing devotion reenlisted for the war. Resolved, That a record of these proceedings be forthwith fur- nishe(l to the troops comprising the Tenth Mississippi Regiment. Approved February 13, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the communication of Major Francis W. Smith, commanding a battalion of Virginia Artillery~ stationed at Drewrys Bluff, com- posed of United Artillery, Captain Thomas Kev~ll; Johnston Artillery, Captain B. J. Epes; Nebletts Artillery, Captain W. G. Coleman: and Southside Artillery, Captain J. W. Drewry, an- nouncing their voluntary reenlistment for the war, is hailed with pleasure by Congress as an evidence of unfaltering devotion to the cause of liberty and independence and of stern determination to resist to the utmost the wicked purposes of a relentless and merci- less foe. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and men of this command for their gallant and patriotic conduct in unanimously reenlisting for the war under such regulations as Congress may prescribe. Approved February 1~, 1864 Page 165 LIST OF PAPERS. 165 Resolved by the Congre8s of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress and of the country are due, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and men of the Twenty-eighth and Thirteenth Regiments of North Carolina troops, who have so gal- lantlv revolunteered for the war, and have pledged them selves, their lives, and fortunes never to lay down their arms until our soil is freed from the inva(ling foe and our independence obtained. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby, through its representatives in Congress, tendered, to the officers and men of the Third Georgia Regiment, who were the first to leave their State to battle on the soil of Virginia, whose gallant dead have been left on many of her historic battle fields, and which entire regi- ment, to a man, have cheerfully and unanimously reenlisted for the war, heroically resolving that as they were among the first to take lip arms in the cause of liberty and independence they will be the last to lay them down. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby gratefully ten- (lere(1. to the officers and men of the gallant Twenty-second Recri- b ment of Virginia Infantry for their noble zeal and patriotism in reenlisting for the war. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are hereby tendered to Harts battery, Hamptons Legion, South Carolina Volunteers, for their gallant and l)atriotic resolution, recently adopted, to reenlist for the war. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due to the officers and men of the Forty-sixth and Fifty-fifth Regiments of Tennessee Volunteers for the promptness and patriotism they have displayed in unanimously reenhisting for the war under such regulations as Congress may prescribe. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are hereby tendered to the officers and men of the Sixteenth Regiment of Mississippi troops, Colonel Samuel E. Baker commandino for their patriotic resolution, recently adopted, to reenlist for the war. Approved February 15, 1864 Page 166 166 LIST OF PAPERS. Whereas, in addition to the various brigades and regiments of vet- eran troops from the State of Alabama to whom Congress has hereto- fore given evidence of grateful appreciation by vote of thanks for re- enlisting for the war, other brigades and regiments are nobly coming to the rescue of their imperiled country by such reenlistment, thus furnishing evidence that the citizen soldiery from that State have determined never to abandon the struggle in which we are engaged until our independence shall have been achieved: Therefore Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered alike to the gallant soldiery from the State of Alabama who, in the first in- stance, ~listed for the war, and to those who, notwithstanding the toils and hardships of many a weary march and perils of many a hard-fought battle, have voluntarily come forward and offered their labors and lives. Resolved, That such noble examples of heroism and self-sacrifice will ever be remembered by a grateful country, and should stimulate all those who remain at home to redouble their exertions to provide not only for the comfort and efficiency of those patriotic warriors, but for their families and loved ones whom they have left behind. Approved February 15, 1864. Resoired ~ the Con qre~s of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby heurtily ten- dered,to the Seventh and Twelfth Regiments Virginia Cavalry for the l)atriotic and indomitable spirit they have displayed in so promptly reenlisting for the war, and that they have entitled them- selves to the lasting gratitude of their country in thus renewing their vows of consecration to the sacred cause of Southern independence. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of the Congress are due, and are hereby cordially tendered, to the gallant troops of Lomaxs cavalry brigade for their patriotic example in reenlistiug for the war, and that the lofty and determined spirit they have displayed in thus dedicating themselves afresh to the cause of independence will entitle them to the lasting gratitude of their country. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of the Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the troops in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States from the State of Georgia who have so promptly and so gallantly reenlisted for the war. SEC. ~. That the action of those who from the beginning have stood in front of danger and endured every hardship in thus so cheerfully resolving to remain the voluntary bulwark of our countrys defens Page 167 LIST OF PAPERS. 167 is commended by the Congress to all the people of the Confederate States as an example worthy of patriotic emulation, and should be accepted by everyone as the signal for renewed devotion to the cause and for increased and universal energy in the prosecution of a struggle on the issue of which depends not only Confederate and State inde- pendence but the very existence of constitutional government in America. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the (~onqress of the Confederate State8 of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered to the officers and men of the Sixty-first Virginia Regiment of Infantry and the Fifth Virginia Regiment of C for having patriotically and in a spirit of self-sacrificing devotion reenlisted for the war. SEC. 2. Re~oived, That a record of these proceedings be forthwith furnished to the troops composing the above-named regiments. Approved February 15, 1864. Resobed by the Con gres~ of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of the Congress of the Confederate States are due, and are hereby tendered, to Commander John Taylor Wood, Confederate States Navy, and to the officers and men under his command, for the daring and brilliantly executed plans which re- sulted in the capture of the United States transport schooner Fimore, on the Potoma,c River; of the ship Allegheny [Alleglianian], and the IJuited States gunboats Satellite and Reliance, and the United States transport schooners Golden. Rod, Coquette, and Two Brothers, on the Chesapeake; and, more recently, in the capture from under the guns of the enemys works of the ITnited States gunboat Unde? writer, on the Neuse River, near New Berne, North Carolina, with the officers and crews of the several vessels brought off as prisoners. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are tendered to the Fifteenth, Twenty- Seventh, and Thirtieth Regiments of North Carolina troops for their patriotic devotion to our cause in reenlisting for the war. Approved February 15, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently (lile, and are hereby ten- dered, to the enlisted men of Douglass (Texas) battery for the pa- triotic resolutions adopted by them on the eighteenth day of Janu- ary last, and by which they reenlisted in the military service of the country for the war. Approved February 16, 1864 Page 168 168 LIST OF PAPERS. I?e8olved by the Con ~,res~ of the Confederate State8 of America, That the reenlistment of the Fifteenth and Twenty-Seventh IRegi- ments of North Carolina troops, Cookes brigade, is a grateful testi- inony of devotion to the great cause of Southern independence, and entitles them to the thanks of Congress and the country. Resolved, That the thanks of Congress are hereby tendered to the officers and men of said regiments for their noble and patriotic con- duct in reenlisting for the war. Approved February 16, 1864. Re8olved by the Con gress of the Confederate States of America, That Congress hails with delight the manifestations evinced by the brave and gallant officers and privates of the Ninth Regiment, Ala- bama Volunteers, who have stood under the fire of the enemy for near three years, never to yield to Northern oppression; and for this act of patriotism and exalted self-sacrifice in reenlisting for the war the thanks of Congress and the country are eminently due them. That the example of those brave men who have endured the dangers and l)erils of the war since its commencement is a happy omen for the future and should encourage Congress and the country to rest with an abiding hope and confidence in the success of our arms and the final triumph of liberty, under the lead of those brave and uncon- querable spirits. Approved February 16, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to General E. Kirby Smith for the signal victory achieved by him in the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, on the thirtieth of August, eight- een hundred and sixty-one [1862], and to all the officers and soldiers of his command engaged in that battle; and especially to General Churchill, Geiieral Cleburne, and Colonel Preston Smith, of whom he says: I almost fear to particularize, lest I do not full justice to all. But I can not close without expressing my admiration at the promptness and intelligence with which Genera ls Churchill, Cle- burne, and Colonel Preston Smith executed the orders given to them. SEC. 2. Resolved, That special acknowledgments and commendation are declared for that highest order of generalship with which this victory was followed up, utterly annihilating with five thousand an army of ten thousand, of whom full five thousand were actually cap- tured, besides the slain in battle; and for the brilliant campaign, in which the speed vioor and constancy of a rapid advance resulte(l in 1)lanting the Conf~deiate flag upon the capitol of Kentucky, and upon the shores of the Ohio River, in front of the great city of Cin- cinnati. SEC. 3. Resolved, That the superior generalship displayed in rapidly gathering the immediate fruits of a victory, and in following it promptly with a campaign of activity, enterprise, an(l unwearied con- stancy, renders it worthy of the applause of the Government and the emulation of the Army Page 169 LIST OF PAPERS. 169 SEC. 4. Resolved, That the President is requested, in appropriate general orders, to make public the sense of Congress in the premises, and to cause the same to be communicated to General E. Kirby Smith and the officers named, and to be read at the head of each regiment engaged in that battle. Approved February 17, 1864. Whereas, Poagues artillery battalion, Third Army Corps, North- ern Virginia, has patriotically reenlisted to serve during the war: Therefore Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress and of the country are due, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and men of said battalion for this act of noble and patriotic devotion to the cause in which we are engaged, Approved February 17, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the (ion federate States ~ America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby ten- dered, to the officers and men of the Thirty-Ninth [Seventh] Missis- sippi Regiment for their patriotic determination to continue in the service until the independence of these States shall have been firmly established. Resolved, That the President be requested to transmit a copy of this resolution to the regiment whose patriotic devotion to their coun- trys cause it is designed to acknowledge. Approved February 17, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress and the country are clue, and are hereby tendered, to the officers and men of the Thirty-Seventh Regiment of North Carolina troops for their gallant conduct in revolunteering for the war. Approved February 17, 1864. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do resolve, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the enlisted men of the Surry Light Artillery, Captain J. D. ilarkins, for their patriotic resolutions adopted on the ninth day of February, evhteen hundred and sixty-four, and for their manifestation of zeal in our struggle and devotion to their countrys cause by reenlisting for the war. Approved February 17, 1864. Whereas the Pee Dee Artillery of South Carolina Volunteers, early in the present struggle for Southern independence, tendered their services to the Government for the period of the war, and have recently renewed their pledge to serve their country until the last in- vader is driven from our soil: Therefor Page 170 17Q LIST OF PAPERS. I?esolced by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are cordially tendered, Pee Dee Artillery of South Carolina Volunteers, for their patriotic reenlistment for the war. Approved February 17, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to Orrs Rifles, the First. Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Regiments, South Carolina Volunteers, composing McGowans brigade, for their pa- triotic devotion to the cause of Southern independence, as manifested by their recent action. unanimously reiterating their determination to serve during the war; in thus renewing their pledges, after nearly three years of arduous and gallant service, they have met the expecta- tion of their country, and are entitled to its approbation. Approved February 17, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of 4merica, That the thanks of Congress are again due, and are hereby tendered, to General N. B. Forrest and the officers and men of his command for meritorious service in the field, and especially for the daring, skill, and perseverance exhibited in the pursuit and capture of the largely superior forces of the enemy near Rome, Ga., in May last; for gallant conduct at Chickamauga; and for his recent brilliant services in west Tennessee. Approved February 17, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Cono~ress are due, and hereby cordially tendered, to Lieutenant-General J~imes Longstreet and the officers and men of his command for their patriotic services and brilliant achievements in the present war, sharing, as they have, the arduous f-atigues and privations of many campaigns in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Georgia. and Tennessee, and participating in nearly every great bat- tle fought in those States; the commanding general ever displaying great ability, skill, and prudence in command, and the officers and men the most heroic bravery, fortitude, and energy in every duty they may have been called upon to perform. Resolved, That the President be requested to transmit a copy of the foregoing resolution to Lieutenant-General Longstreet for publi- cation to his command. Approved February 17, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby cordially ten- dered, to Major-General J. E. B. Stuart and to the officers and men under his command for their distinguished gallantry and skill durin Page 171 LIST OF PAPERS. 171 the present war, especially as (lisplayed in the summer of eighteen hundred and sixty-two. in the raid around the army of McClellan across the Chickahominy, the expedition into Pennsylvania, and to CatletCs Station, and in the battles of Fleetwood, Chancellorsville, and other places. That the President be requested to communicate this resolution to General 8tuart and the officers and men nn(ler his command. Approved February iT, 1864. PROCLAMATION. Br THE PRESIIZiENT Or THE CONFEDERATE STATES. The Senate and House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America have signified their desire that a day may be recommended to the people to be set apart and observed as a day or humiliation, fasting, and prayer, in the language following, to wit: R~everent1y recognizing the Providence of God in the affairs of man, and gratefully remembering the guidance, support, and deliverance granted to our Patriotic fathers, in the memorable war which resulted in the independence of the American Colonies, an(l now reposing in Him our supreme contidence and hope in the present strug~le for civil and religious freedom aa(l for the ribht to live under a government of our own choice, and deeply impressed xvith the conviction that without Him nothinb is stroub, nothing wise, and nothing en(luring; in order that the people of this Confederacy may have the oppor- tunity at the same time of offering their adoration to the brent Sovereign of the Universer of penitently confessing their sins, and strengthening their vows and purposes of amendment, in humble reliance upon His gracious and al- mighty power, the Congress of the Confederate States of America do resolve: That it be recommended to the people of these States that Friday, the 8th day of April next, be set apart and observed as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer that Almighty God would so preside over our public counsels and authorities; that He would so inspire our armies and their leaders with wisdom, courage, and perseverance, and so manifest Hiniseif in the greatness of His goodness and majesty of His power that we may be safely and successfully led through the chastening to which we are being subjected, to the attainment of an honorable peace, so that while we enjoy the blessings of a free and happy Governiucat we may ascribe to Him the honor an(l the glory of our inde- pendence an(l prosJ)erity. A recommendation so congenial to the feelings of the people will receive their hearty concurrence; and it is a grateful duty to the Executive to unite with their representatives in inviting them to meet in the courts of the Most High. Recent events awaken fresh grati- tude to the Supreme Ruler of nations. Our enemies have suffered repeated defeats and a nefarious scheme to burn an(l plunder our Capital and to destroy our civil government by putting to death the chosen servants of the people has been baffled and set at naught. Our armies have been strengthened, our finances promise rapid progress to a satisfactory condition, and our whole country is ani- Inated with a hopeful spirit and a fixed determination to achieve independence. In these circumstances it becomes us with thankful hearts to bow ourselves before the throne of the Most High, and while gratefully acknowledging so many mercies confess that our sins as a people have justly exposed us to His chastisement. Let us recognize th Page 172 172 LIST OF PAPERS. sufferings which we have been called upon to endure as administered by a fatherly hand for our improvement and with resolute courage and patient endurance let us wait on Him for our deliverance. In furtherance of these objects now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my ~proclamation calling upon the people of the said States, in con- formity with the desire expressed by their representatives, to set apart Friday, the 8th day of April, as a day of humiliation, fasting, .ind prayer; and I do hereby invite them on that day to repair to their several places of public worship and beseech Almighty God to pres~(le over our public counsels and so inspire our armies and leaders with wisdom, courage, and perseverance, and so to manifest Himself in the greatness of His goodness and in the majesty of His power that we may secture the blessings of an. honorable peace and of free Government; an(l that we, as a people, may ascribe all to the honor and glory of His name.~~ Given un(ler my hand and the seal of the Confederate States of America at the city of Richmond this twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAvIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, ASeerctaiy of State. cJC//CfSOfl. Darts, Preskicat of the Confederate States of America, to the Right Reverend P. N. Lynch, greeting: Reposing special trust and confidence in your integrity, l)rll(lence, and ability, I do appoint you, the said P. N. Lynch, of South Caro- lina, to be a special commissioner of the Confederate States of America to the States of the Church, authorizing you hereby to dO and perform all such matters and things as to the said place or office doth appertain, or as may be duly given you in charge here- after, and the said office to hold and exercise during the pleasure of the President of the Confederate States for the time being. In testimony whereof I have cause(l the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond, the fourth day of April. in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- four. [sEAJ~.] JEFFERSON DAvis. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, ASecretary of State. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that, for the purpose of establishing friendly relations between the Confederate States of America and the States of the Church, and reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity prudence, and abilities of the Right Reverend P. N. Lynch, I hav Page 173 LIST OF PAPERS. 173 appointed him special commissioner of the Confederate States of America to the States of the Church and have invested him with full and all manner of power and authority, for and in the name of the Confederated States, to meet and to confer with any person or persons duly authorized by the sovereign pontiff of the States of the Church, being furnished with like power and authority, and with him or them to agree, treat,, consult, and negotiate concerning all matters and subjects interesting to both Governments, and to conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, convention or conventions, touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the Confederate States for his final ratification, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the Confederate States. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the Confederate States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Richmond the fourth day of April. in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- four. [SEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Richmond, Va., April ~, 1864. YOUR EMINENCE: The President of the Confederate States, ani- mated by a desire to unite and bind together our respective countries by friendly ties, has appointed the Right Reverend P. N. Lynch, bishop of Charleston, one of our most esteemed and trustworthy citl- zeus, as a special commissioner of the Confederate States of Amer- ica to the States of the Church; and I have now the honor to intro- duce him to your Eminence, and to ask for him a reception and treat- ment corresponding to his station and to the purposes for which he is sent. Those purposes he will more particularly explain to you. liopihg that through his agency these may be accomplished, I avail myself of this occasion to offer to your Eminence the assurance of the distinguished consideration with which I have the honor to be of your Eminence, the very humble and obedient servant, J. P. BENJAMIN, His Eminence CARDINAL ANTONELLI, Secretar!! of State. Presider t of the (Jowrcil of Ministers and Secretary of State of His holiness, etc. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Department of AState. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that the bearer hereof, the Right Reverend P. N. Lynch, bishop of Charleston, is proceeding to Rome as special commissioner of the Confederate States of America to the States of the Church. These are, therefore, to request all whom it may concern to permit him and the persons of his suite to pass without let or molestation Page 174 174 LIST OF PAPRRS~ and to extend to him and them such friendly aid and protection as would be extended to special commissioners and their suites resort- ing to the Confederate States from foreign countries. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State at Richmond this 4th day of April, A. D. 18G4. [siu~IK1 J. P. BENJAMIN, Seeretwry of State. RICHMOND, NA., April 27,1864. Sin: Confiding special trust in your zeal, discretion, and piitriot- ism, I hereby direct you to proceed at once to Canada, there to carry out such instructions as you have received from me verbally, in such manner as shall seem most likely to conduce to the furtherance of the interests of the Confederate States of America which have l~en intrusted to you. Very respectfully and truly, yours, JEFFERSON DAVIS. Hon. JACOB THOi~[PsON, etc., Riehmond, Va. RICHMOND, 17a., April 27, 1864. SIR: confiding special trust in your zeal, discretion, and patriotism, I hereby direct you to proceed at once to Canada, there to carry out such instructions as you have received from me verbally, in such manner as shall seem most likely to conduce to the furtherance of the interests of the Confederate States of America which have been intrusted to you. Very respectfully and truly, yours, JEFFERSON DAVIS. Hon. C. C. CLAY, Jr., etc., Richmond, Va. Resolution of tlamlcg. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do resolve, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby ten- dered, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth Regiments of North Carolina troops for the promptness and unanimity with whiQh they have reenlisted for the war. Approved, May 17, 1864. The Con qres8 of the Confederate States of America do resoliue, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to the Texas Brigade, composed of the First, Fourth. and Fifth Texas and Third Arkansas Regiments, for their eminently patriotic con- duct in reenlisting for the war. Approved, May 17, 1& 64 Page 174A -~1 CLEMENT C. CLAY. THOMAS H. WATTS, Confederate States Commissioner to Canada, 1864. Attorney General, Confederate States, 1861-1863 Page 174B Page 175 LIST OF PAPERS. 175 Resolned by the Congress of the Confederate States of A merica, That the thanks of Congress and the country are due, and are ten- dered, to Major-General Robed F. iloke and Commander James XV. Cooke and the officers and men under their command for the brilliant victory over the enemy at Plymouth, North Carolina. Approved, May 17, 1864. Resoleed by the Con qeess of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan and the officers and men of his command for the skill and gallantry displayed in achieving the sig- nal victory of Ocean Pond, Florida, on the twentieth of February last. Approved, May 17, 1864. Resoixed by the Con gress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby ten- dered to Brigadier-General F. M.. Cockrell, and the officers and soldiers composing the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Regiments of Missouri Infantry; First, Second, and Third Regiments of Missouri Cavalry; the batteries of Bledsoe, Landis, Guibor, Walsh, Dawson, and Barrett; and Woodsons detached corn- pa ny, all in the service of the Confederacy east of the Mississippi River, for the prompt renewal of their pledges of fidelity to the cause of Southern independence for forty years, unless independence and peace, without curtailment of boundaries, shall be sooner se- cured. Approved, May 23, 1864. Resoleed by the Con qress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby cor- dially tendered, to Major-General N. B. Forrest and the officers and men of his command for their late brilliant and successful campaign in Mississippi, west Tennessee, and Kentuckya campaign which has conferred upon its authors fame as enduring as the records of the struggle which they have so brilliantly illustrated. Approved, May 23, 1864. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Department of Stato Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the abilities and integrity of Emile La Sere, of Louisiana, I do appoint him com- mercial agent of the Confederate States of America at Vera Cruz, in Mexico, and do authorize and empower him to have and to hold said office and to exercise and enjoy all the rights, preeminen ces, privileges, and authorities to the same of right appertaining, he demanding ami Page 176 176 LIST OF PAPERS. receiving no fees or perquisites of office whatever which shall not be expressly established by some law of the Confederate States. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America at the city of Richmond this 30th day of May, A. D. 1864. [SEAL.] J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of AState. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do resolve, That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby cor- dially tendered, to the Ninth Regiment of Texas Infantry for their patriotic conduct in reenlisting for the war and tenderino their ener- gies, lives, and honor to the service of the Confederate ~tates till it is ended and our independence achieved. Approved, June 4, 1864. Resolved by the Congress of the (ton federate States of rlmerica. That the thanks of Congress are eminently due, and are hereby most cordially tendered, to Major-General Richard Taylor and the officers and men of his command for the brilliant successes obtained by them over the enemy in Louisiana durin~ the past year, and particularly for the victories at Mansfield and easant Hill, on the eighth and ninth of April last, and their subsequent operations against the re- treating army of the Federal General Banks in the valley of the Red River. Resolved, That the President communicate this resolution to Major-General Taylor and the officers and men of his command. Approved, June 10, 1864. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, L)epartmcnt of State. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the abilities and integrity of Norman S. Walker, I do appoint him commercial agent of the Confederate States of America at St. Georges, Bermuda, and do authorize and empower him to have and to hold said office and to exercise and enjoy all the rights, preeminences, privileges, and authorities to the same of right appertaining, he demanding and receiving no fees or perquisites of office whatever which shall not be expressly established by some law of the Confederate States. Given under my hand and the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America at the city of Richmond this 7th day of July, A. D. 1864. [SEAL.] J. P. BIi~J~v~I1N, Secretary of State. Proclamation appointing a (lay for public worship. It is meet that the people of the Confederate States should from time to time assemble to acknowledge their dependence on Almighty God, to render devout thanks for His manifold blessings, to worshi Page 177 LIST OF PAPERS. 177 His holy name, to bend in prayer at His footstool, and to accept with reverent submission the chastening of His all-wise and all-merciful Providence. Let ns then in temples and in field unite our voices in recognizing with adoring gratitude the manifestations of His protecting care in the many signal victories with which our arms have been crowned; in the fruitfulness with which our land has been blessed; and in the unimpaired energy and fortitude with which He has inspired our hearts and strengthened our arms in resistance to the iniquitous de- signs of our enemies. And let us not forget that while graciously vouchsaving to us His 1)rotection, our sins have merited and received grievous chastisement; that many of our best and bravest have fallen in battle; that many others are still held in foreign prisons; that large districts of our country have been devastated with savage ferocity, the peaceful homes destroyed, and helpless women and children driven away in destitution; and that with fiendish malignity the passions of a serv- ile race have been excited by our, foes into the commission of atroci- ties from which death is a welcome escape. Now therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation setting apart Wednesday the 16th day of November next as a day to be especially (levoted to the worship of Almighty God; and I do invite and invoke all the people of these Confederate States to assemble on the day aforesaid in their respective places of public worship there to unite in prayer to our Heavenly Father that He bestow His favor upon us; that He extend over us the protection of His Almighty arm, that He sanctify His chastisement to our improvement so that we may turn away from evil paths and walk righteously in His sight, and that He may restore peace to our beloved country, healing its bleed- ing wounds, and securing to us the continued enjoyment of our own rights of self Government and independence; and that He will gra- ciously hearken to us while we ascribe to Him the honor and glory of our deliverance. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederate States at Richmond, this ~6th day of October, in year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and sixty-four. JEFFERSON DAVIS. [sEAL.1 By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. Message of the President. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America: It is with satisfaction that I welcome your presence at an earlier (lay than that usual for your session, and with confidence that I in- voke the aid of your counsc Is at a time of such public exigency. The campaign which was commenced almost simultaneously with your session early in May last, and which was still in progress at your ad- 170429022voL 3 1 Page 178 178 LIST OF PAPERS. journment in the middle of June, has not reached its close. It has been prosecuted on a scale and with an energy heretofore unequaled. When we revert to the condition of our country at the inception of the operations of the present year, to the magnitude of the prepara- tions made by the enemy, the number of his forces, the accumulation of his war-like supplies, and the prodigality with which his vast resources have been lavished in the attempt to render success assured; when we contrast the numbers and means at our disposal for re- sistance, and when we contemplate the results of a struggle ap- parently so unequal, we can not fail, while rendering the full meed of deserved praise to our generals and soldiers, to perceive that a Power higher than man has willed our deliverance, and gratefully to recognize the protection of a kind Providence in enabling us suc- cessfully to withstand the utmost efforts of the enemy for our sub- j ugation. At the beginning of the year the State of Texas was partially in possession of the enemy, and large portions of Louisiana and Arkan- sas lay apparently defenseless. Of the Federal soldiers who invaded Texas, none are known to remain except as prisoners of war. In northwestern Louisiana, a large and well-appointed army, aided by a powerful fleet, was repeatedly defeated and deemed itself fortunate in finally escaping with a loss of one-third of its numbers, a large part of its military trains, and many transports and gunboats. The enemys occupation of that State is reduced to the narrow district commanded by the guns of his fleet. Arkansas has been recovered with the exception of a few fortified posts, while our forces have penetrated into central Missouri, affording to our oppressed brethren in that State an opportunity, of which many have availed themselves, of striking for liberation from the tyranny to which they have been subjected. On the east of the Mississippi, in spite of some reverses, we have much cause for gratulations. The enemy hoped to effect during the present year, by concentration of forces, the conquest which he had previously failed to accomplish by more extended operations. Coin- l)elled therefore to withdraw or seriously to weaken the strength of the armies of occupation at different points, he has afforded us the opportunity of recovering possession of extensive districts of our territory. Nearly the whole of northern an(l western Mississippi, of northern Alabama, and of western Tennessee are again in our pos- session; and all attempts to penetrate from the coast line into the interior of the Atlantic and Gulf States have been baffled. On the entire ocean and Gulf coast of the Confederacy, the whole success of the enemy, with the enormous naval resources at his command, has been limited to the capture of the outer defenses of Mobile Bay. If we now turn to the results accomplished by the two great armies, so confidently relied on by the invaders as sufficient to secure the sub- version of our Government and the subjection of our i)eople to for- eion domination, we have still greater ca use for devout gratitude to Divine Power. In southwestern Virginia successive armies which threatened the capture of Lynchburg and Saltville have been routed and driven out of the country, and a portion of eastern Tennessee reconquered by our troops. In northern Virginia extensive districts ~ formerly occupied by the enemy are now free from their presence Page 179 LiST OF PAPERS. 179 In the lower valley their general, rendered desperate by his inability to maintain a hostile occupation, has resorted to the infamous ex- pedient of converting a fruitful land into a desert by burning its mills, granaries, and homesteads, and destroying the food, standing crops, live stock, and agricultural implements of peaceful noncom- batants. The main army, after a series of defeats, in which its losses have been enormous; after attempts by raiding parties to break up our railroad communications, which have resulted in the destruc- tion of a large part of the Cavalry engaged in the work; after con- stant repulse of oft-repeated assaults on our defensive lines, is, with the aid of heavy reinforcements, but with, it is hoped, waning pros- jiect of further progress in the design, still engaged in an effort, commenced more than four months ago, to capture the town of Petersburg. The army of General Sherman, although succeeding at the end of the summer in obtaining possession of Atlanta, has been unable to secure any ultimate advantage from this success. The same general, who, in February last. marched a large army from Vicksburg to Meridian with no other result than being forced to march back again, was able, by the aid of greatly increased numbers, and after much delay, to force a passage from Chattanooga to Atlanta. only to be for the second time compelled to withdraw on the line of his advance without obtaining control of a single mile of territory be- yond the narrow track of his march and without gaining aught beyond the l)recarious possession of a few fortified points in which he is compelled to maintain heavy garrisons, and which are menaced with recal)ture. The lessons afforded by the history of this war are frauoht ~Tith instruction and encouragement. Repeatedly during the war have formidable expeditions been directed by the enemy against points ignorantly suppose4l to he of vital importance to the Confederacy. Some of these expeditions have, at immense cost, been successful; l)lit in no instance have the promised fruits been reaped. Again, in the l)resent campaign was the dehims ion fondly cherished that the capture of Atlanta and Richmond woul(i, if effected, end the war by the overthrow of our Government and the submission of our people. We can now judge by experience how unimportant is the influence of the former event upon our capacity for (hefense, upon the courage and spirit of the people, and the stability of the Government. We max- in like manner judge that if the campaign against Richmond bad resulted in success instead of failure; if the valor of the army under the leadership of its accomplished commander had resisted in vain the overwhelming masses which were, on time contrary, de- cisively repulsed: if we had been compelled to evacuate Richmond as well as Atlanta, the Confederacy would have remained as erect and defiant as ever. Nothing could have been changed in the pur- pose of its Government. in the indomitable valor of its troops, or in the unquenchable spirit of its people. The baffled and disappointed foe would in vain have scanned the rel~orts of your proceedings at some new legislative seat for amw indication that progress had been made in his gigantic task of conquering a free people. The truth, so patent to us, must ere long be forced impon the reluctant northern mind. There are no vital points on the preservation of which th Page 180 180 LIST OF PAPERS. continued existence of the Confederacy depends. There is no mili- tary success of the enemy which can accomplish its destruction. Not the fall of Richmond, nor Wilmington, nor Charleston, nor Sa- vannah, nor Mobile, nor of all combined, can save the enemy from the constant and exhaustive drain of blood and treasure, which must continue until he shall discover that no peace is attainable unless based on the recognition of our indefensible rights. Before leaving this subject it is gratifying to assure you that the military supplies essentially requisite for public defense will be found, as heretofore, adequate to our needs, and that abundant crops have rewarded the labor of the farmer and rendered abortive the inhuman attempts of the enemy to produce by devastation famine among the people. FOREIGN RELATIONS. It is not in my power to announce any change in the conduct of foreign powers. No such action has been taken by the Christian nations of Europe as might justly have been expected from their history, from the duties imposed by international law, and from the claims of humanity. It is charitable to attribute their conduct to no worse motive than indifference to the consequences of a struggle which shakes only the republican portion of the American Continent, and not to ascribe to design a course calculated to ensure the pro- longation of hostilities. No instance in history is remembered by me in which a nation pretending to exercise dominion over another, asserting its independ- ence, has been the first to concede the existence of such independence. No case can be recalled to my mind in which neutral powers have failed to set the example of recognizing the independence of a nation, when satisfied of the inability of its enemy to subvert its government; and this, too, in cases where the previous relation between the con- tending parties had been confessedly that of mother country and (lependent colony; not, as in our case, that of coequal States united by Federal compact. It has ever been considered the proper func- tion and duty of neutral powers to perform the office of judging whether in point of fact the nation asserting dominion is able to make good its pretensions by force of arms, an(l if not by recognition of the resisting party to discountenance the further continuance of the contest. And the reason why this duty is incumbent on neutral powers is plainly apparent, when we reflect that the pride and pas- sion which blind the judgment of the parties to the conflict cause the continuance of active warfare, and consequent useless slaughter, long after the inevitable result has become apparent to all not en- gaged in the struggle. So long, therefore, as neutral nations fail by recognition of our independence to announce that, in their judgment, the United States are unable to reduce the Confederacy to submis- sion, their conduct will be accepted by our enemies as a tacit en- couragement to continue their efforts, and as an implied assurance that belief is entertained by neutral nations in the success of their designs. A direct stimulus, whether intentional or not, is thu sap- plied to securing a continuance of the carnage and devastation which desolate this continent and which they profess deeply to deplore Page 181 LIST OF PAPERS. 181 The disregard of this just, humane, and Christian public duty by the nations of Europe is the more remarkable from the fact that authentic expression has long since been given by the Governments of both France and England to the conviction that the United States are unable to conquer the Confederacy. It is now more than two years since the Government of France announced officially to the cabinets of London and St. Petersburg its own conclusion that the United States were unable to achieve any decisive military success. In the answers sent by those powers no intimation of a contrary opinion was conveyed, and it is notorious that in speeches both in and out of Parliament the members of her Britannic Majestys Gov- ernment have not hesitated to express this conviction in unqualified terms. The denial of our right under these circumstances is so ob- viously unjust and discriminates so unfairly in favor of the United States that neutrals have sought to palliate the wrong of which they are conscious by professing to consider, in opposition to notorious truth and to the known belief of both belligerents, that the recogni- tion of our independence would be valueless without their further intervention in the struggle; an intervention of which we disclaim the desire and mistrust the advantage. We seek no favor, we wish no intervention, we know ourselves fully competent to maintain our own rights and independence against the invaders of our country, and we feel justified in asserting that without the aid derived from recruiting their armies from foreign countries the invaders would ere this, have been driven from our soil. When the recognition of the Confederacy was refused by Great Britain, in the fall of 186~, the refusal was excused on the ground that any action by her Majestys Government would have the effect of inflaming the passions of the belligerents and of preventing the return of peace. It is assumed that this opinion was sincerely entertained; but the experience of two years of unequaled carnage shows that it was erroneous and that the result was the reverse of what the British ministry humanely desired. A contrary policy, a policy just to us, a policy diverging from an unvarying course of concession to all the demands of our enemies, is still within the power of her Majestys Government, and would, it is fair to presume, be productive of con- sequences the opposite of those which have unfortunately followed its whole course of conduct from the commencement of the war to the present time. In a word, peace is impossible without inde- pendence, and it is not to be expected that the enemy will anticipate neutrals in the recognition of that independence. When the history of this war shall be fully disclosed, the calm judgment of the impa#- tial publicist will, for these reasons, be unable to absolve the neutral nations of Europe from a share in the moral responsibility for the myriads of human lives that have been unnecessarily sacrificed dur- ing its progress. r1~he renewed instances in which foreign powers have given us just cause of complaint need not here be detailed. The extracts from the correspondence of the State Department which accompany this mes- sage will afford such other information as can be giv~en without detri- inent to the public interest, and we must reserve for the future such action as may then be deemed advisable to secure redress Page 182 182 LIST OF PAPERS. FINANCES. Your special attention is earnestly invited to the report of the Sec- retary of the Treasury, submitted in conformity with law. The facts therein, disclosed are far from discouraging and demonstrate that, with judicious legislation, we shall be enabled to meet all the exigen- cies of the war from our abundant resources and avoid, at the same time, such an accumulation of debt as would render at all doubtful our capacity to redeem it The total receipts into the Treasury for the two (lilarters ending on the 30th of September, 1864, were $415,191,550, which sum added to the balance of $308,282,122 that remained in the Treasury on the 1st of April last, forms a total of $723,474,2Z2. Of this total, not far from halfthat is to say, $342,560,327have been applied to the extinction of the public (lebt, while the total expenditures have been $272,378,505, leaving a. balance in the Treasury on the 1st of October, 1864, of $108,435,440. The total amount of the public debt, as exhibited on the books of the Register of the Treasury on the 1st of October, 1864, was $1,147,- 970~208, of which $539,340,090 were funded debt, bearing interest; $283,880,150 were Treasury notes of the new issue; and the remain- der consisted of the former issue of rrl.easury notes, which will be converted into other forms of debt and will cease to exist as currency on the 31st of next month. The report. however, explains that, in consequence of the absence of certain returns from distant officers, the true amount of the debt is less by about $21,500,000, than appears on the books of the register, and that the total public debt on the first of last month may be fairly considered to have been $1,126,381,095. The increase of the public debt during the six months from the 1st of April to the 1st of October, was $97,650,780, being rather more than $16,000,000 per month, and it will be apparent, on a perusal of the report, that this augmentation would have been avoided, and a positive reduction of the amount would have been affected, but for certain defects in the legislation on the subject of the finances, which are pointed out in the report, and which seem to admit of easy remedy. In the statements just made the foreign (lebt is omitted. It con- sists only of the unpaid balance of the loan known as the cotton loan. This balance is but 2,200.000, and is adequately provided for by about 250.000 bales of cotton owned by the Government, even if the cotton be rated as worth but 6 pence per pound. There is one item of the public debt not included in the tables pre- sented, to which our attention is required. The bounty bonds prom- ised to our soldiers by. the third section of the act of 17th Febru- ary, 1864, were deliverable on the 1st of October. The Secretary has been unable to issue them by reason of an omission in the law, no time being therein fixed for the payment of the bonds. The aggregate appropriations called for by the different depart- ments of the Government, according to the estimates submitted with the report, for the six months ending on the 30th of June, 1865, amount to $438,102,679, while the Secretary estimates that there will remain unexpended, out of former appropriations, on the 1st of Jan Page 183 LIST or PAPERS. 183: ary, 18fi5, a balance of $467,4l(I~,5O4. It would, therefore, seem that the former estimates have been largely in excess of actual expendi- tures, and that no additional appropriations are required for meeting the nee(ls of the public service up to the 1st of July of next year. In- deed, if the estimates now presented should prove to be as much in excess of actual expenditures as has heretofore been the case, a con- siderable balance will still remain unexpended at the close of the first half of the ensuing year. The chief difficulty to be apprehended in connection with our finances results from the depreciation of the Treasury notes which seems justly to be attributed by the Secretary to two causes, redun- dancy in amount, and want of confidence in ultimate redemption; for both of which, remedies are suggested that will commend themselves to your consideration as being practicable as well as efficient. ~Fhe main features of the plan presented are substantially these: First, that the faith of the Government be pledged that the notes shall ever remain exempt from taxation; second, that no issue shall be made beyond that which is already authorized by law; third, that a certain fixed portion of the annual receipts from taxation during the war shall be set apart specially for the gradual extinction of the outstanding amount until it shall have been reduced to $150,OOO.OO0; and, fourth, the pledge and appropriation of such proportion of the tax in kind and for such number of years after the return of peace as shall be sufficient for the final redemption of the entire circulation. The details of the plan, the calculations on which it is based, the effi- ciency of its operation, and the vast advantages which would result from its success are fully detailed in the report and can not be fairly presented in a form sufficiently condensed for this message. I doubt not it will receive from you that earnest and candid consideration which is merited by the importance of the subject. The recommendations of the report for the repeal of certain provi- sions of the tax laws which produce inequality in the burthen of t~x~tion; for exempting all Government loans from taxation on capital, and from any adverse discrimination in taxation on income derived from them; for placing the taxation on banks on the same footing as the taxation of other corporate bodies; for securing the payment into the Treasury of that portion of the bank circulation which is liable to confiscation because held by alien enemies; for the conversion of the interest-bearing Treasury notes now outstanding into coupon bonds. an(l for the quarterly collection of taxation, all l)reselit l)ractical questions for legislation which, if wisely devised, will greatly improve the public credit and alleviate the burthens now imposed by the extreme and unnecessary depreciation in the value of the currency. The returns of the Produce Loan Bureau are submitted with the report, and the information is conveyed that the Treasury agency in the trans-Mississippi department has been fully organized and is now in operation, with promise of efficiency and success. The provision heretofore made to some extent for increasing the compensation of public officers civil and military, is found to be in some places inadequate to their support; perhaps not more so any- where than in Richmond, .and enquiry with a view to appropriate remedy is suggested to your consideration. Your notice is als Page 184 184 LIST OF PAPERS. called to the condition of certain officers of the Treasury who were omitted in the laws heretofore passed for the relief of other public officers, as mentioned in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury. DEPARTMENT OF WAR. The condition of the various branches of the military service is stated in the accompanying report of the Secretary of War. Among the suggestions made for legislative action with a view to add to the numbers and efficiency of the Army, all of which will receive your consideration, there are some prominent topics which merit special notice. The exemption from military duty now accorded by law to all per- sons engaged in certain specified pursuits or professions is shown by experience to be unwise, nor is it believed to be defensible in theory. The defense of home, family, and country is universally recognized as the paramount political duty of every member of society; and in a form of government like ours, where each citizen enjoys an equality of rights and privileges, nothing can be more invidious than an un- equal distribution of duties and obligations. No pursuit or position should relieve anyone who is able to do active duty from enrollment in the Army, unless his functions or services are more useful to the defense of his country in another sphere. But it is manifest that this can not be the case with entire classes. All telegraph operators, work- men in mines, professors, teachers, engineers, editors, and employees of newspapers, journeymen printers, shoemakers, tanners, black- smiths, millers, physicians, and the numerous other classes mentioned in the laws can not in the nature of things be either equally necessary in their several professions nor distributed throughout the country in such proportions that only the exact numbers required are found in each locality; nor can it be everywhere impossible to replace those within the conscript age by men older and less capable of active field service. A discretion should be vested in the military authorities, so that a sufficient number of those essential to the public service might be detailed to continue the exercise of their pursuits or professions, but the exemption from service of the entire classes should be wholly abandoned. It affords great facility for abuses, offers the temptation, as well as the ready means, of escaping service by fraudulent devices, and is one of the principal obstructions to the efficient operation of the conscript laws. A general militia law is needful in the interest of the public .de~ fense. The Constifution, by vesting the power in Congress, imposes on it the duty of providing for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the Confederate States. The great diversity in the legislation of the several States on this subject and the absence of any provision establishing an exact method for calling the militia into Confederate service are sources of embarrassment which ought no longer to be suffered to~ impede defensive measures. The legislation in relation to the cavalry demands change. The })olicy of requiring the men to furnish their own horses has proven pernicious in many respects. It interferes with (liscipline, impairs efficiency, and is the cause of frequent and prolonged absence fro Page 185 LIST OF PAPERS. 185 appropriate duty. The subject is fully treated in the Secretarys report, with suggestions as to the proper measures for reforming that branch of the service. The recommendation hitherto often made is again renewed, that some measure be adopted for the reorganization and consolidation of companies and regiments when so far reduced in numbers as seriously to impair their efficiency. It is the more necessary that this should be done as the absence of legislation on the subject has forced generals in the field to resort to various expedients for approximating the de- sired end. It is surely an evil that a commanding officer should be placed in a position which forces upon him the choice of allowing the efficiency of his command to be seriously impaire.d or of attempting to supply by the exercise of doubtful authority the want of proper legal provision. The regard for the sensibility of officers who have heretofore served with credit, and which is believed to be the con- trolling motive that has hitherto obstructed legislation on the sub- ject, however honorable and proper, may be carried to a point which seriously injures the public good.; and if this be the case it can scarcely be questioned which of the two considerations should be deemed para- mount. The Secretarys recommendations on the subject of facilitating the acquisition of the iron required for maintaining the efficiency of railroad communication on the important military lines are com- mended to your favor. The necessity for the operation in full vigor of such lines is too apparent to need comment. The question in dispute between the two Governments relative to the exchange of prisoners of war has been frequently presented in former messages and reports, and is fully treated by the Secretary. The solicitude of the Government for the relief of our captive fellow citizens has known no abatement, but has, on the contrary, been still more deeply evoked by additional sufferings to which they have been wantonly subjected, by the deprivation of adequate food, clothing, and fuel, which they were not permitted to purchase from the prison sutlers. Finding that the enemy attempted to excuse their barbarous treatment by the unfounded allegation that it was retalia- tory for like conduct on our part, an offer was made by us with a view of ending all pretext for such recriminations or pretended retaliation. The offer has been accepted; and each Government is hereafter to be allowed to provide necessary comforts to its own citizens held captive by the other. Active efforts are in progress for the imme- diate execution of this agreement, and it is hoped that but few (lays will elapse before we shall be relieved from the distressing thought that painful physical suffering is endured by so many of our fellow citizens, whose fortitude in captivity illustrates the national char- acter as fully as did their valor in actual conflict. EMPLOYMENT OF SLAVES. The employment of slaves for service with the army as teamsters, or cooks, or in the way of work upon fortifications, or in the Gov- ernment workshops, or in hospitals, and other similar duties, was authorized by the act of 17th February last, and provision wa Page 186 186 LIST OF PAPEES. made for their impressment to a number not exceeding 20,000 if it should he found impracticable to obtain them by contract with the owners. The law contemplated the hiring only of the labor of these slaves, and imposed on the Govermnent the liability to pay for the value of such as might be lost to the owners from casualties resulting from their employment in the service. This act has produced less result than was antic ipated, and fur- ther provision is required to render it efficacious. But my present imrpose is to invite your consideration to the propriety of a radical modification in the theory of the law. Viewed merely as property, and therefore as the subject of im- pressment. the service or labor of the slave has been frequently claimed for short periods in the construction of defensive work. The slave, however, bears another relation to the state, that of a person. The law of last February contemplates only the relation of the slave to the master, and limits the impressment to a certain term of service. But for the purposes enumerated in the act, instruction in the manner of encamping, marching, and parking trains is needful, so that even in this limited employment length of service adds greatly to the v~ihiie of the negros labor. Hazard is also encountered in all the positions to which negroes can be assigned for service with the army, and the duties required of them demand loyalty and zeal. In this aspect the relation of person predominates so far as to render it dobutful whether the private right of property can consistently and beneficially be continued, and it would seem proper to acquire for the public service the entire property in the labor of the slave, and to pay therefor due coml)ensation, rather than to impress his labor for short terms; and this the more especially as the effect of the present law would vest this entire property in all cases where the slave might be recaptured after compensation for his loss had been paid to the private owner. Whenever the entire property in the service of a slave is thus acquired by the Government, the question is l)resented, by what tenure he should be held. Should he be retained in servitude or should his emancipation be held out to him as a reward for faithful service, or should it be granted at once on the promise of such service; and if emancipated, what action should he taken to secure for the freedman the permission of the State from which lie was drawn to resi(le within its limits after the close of his public service. The permission would doubtless be more readily accorded as a reward for past faithful service; and a double motive for zealous discharge of duty would thus be offered to those employed by the Governmenttheir freedom, and the gratification of the local attach- ment which is so marked a characteristic of the negro, and forms 50 l)owerful an incentive to his action. The policy of engaging to liberate the negro on his discharge after service faithfully rendered, seems to me preferable to that of granting immediate manumission, or that of retaining him in seyvitude. If this policy should recommend itself to the judgment of Con gress, it is suggested that, in addition to the (ilities heretofore per- formed by thie slave, he might be advantageously employed as pioneer and engineer laborer; and in that event, that the number should be augmented to 40,000. Beyond this limit and these employments it does not seem to me desirable, under existing circumstances, to go. A broad moral di Page 187 LIST OF PAPERS. 187 tinction exists between the use of slaves as soldiers in the defense of their homes and the incitement of the same persons to. insurrection against their masters. The one is justifiable if necessary, the other is iniquitous and unworthy of a civilized people; and such is the judgment of all writers on public law as well as that expressed and insiste(l on by our enemies in all wars prior to that now waged against us. By none have the practices, of which they are now guilty, been denounced with greater severity than by themselves in the two wars with Great Britain in the last and in the present century and in the Declaration of Independence of 1776, when enumeration was made of the wrongs which justified the revolt from Great Britain, the climax of atrocity was deemed to be reached only when the English monarch was denounced as having excited domestic insurrections amongst us. The subject is to be viewed by us, therefore, solely in the light of policy and our social economy. When so regarded I must dis- sent from those who advise a general levy and arming of the slaves for the duty of soldiers. Until our white l)Opulation shall l)1Ove insufficient for the armies we require and can afford to keep in the field to employ as a soldier the negro, who has merely been trained to labor, and as a laborer the white juan, accustomed from his youth to the use of firearms, would scarcely be deemed wise or advantageous by any, and this is the questioii now before us. But should the alternative ever be presented of subjugation or of the employment of the slave as a soldier, there seems no reason to doubt what then should be our decision. Whether our view embraces what would in so extreme a case by the sum of misery entailed by the dominion of the enemy or be restricted solely to the effect upon the welfare and happiness of the negro population themselves, the result would be the same. The appalling demoralization, suffering, disease, and death which have been caused by partially substitutino~ the in- vaders system of police for the kind relation previously subsisting between the master and the slave have been a sufficient demonstra- tion that external interference with our institution of domestic slav- ery is productive of evil only. If the subject involved no other con- sideration than the mere right of property, the sacrifices heretofore made by our people have been such as to permit no doubt of their readiness to surrender every possession in order to secure their in- dependence. But the social and political question which is excin- siv~ly under the control of the several States has a far wider and more enduring importance than that of pecuniary interest. In its manifold phases it embraces the stability of our republican institu- tions, resting on the actual political equality of all its citizens, and includes the fulfillment of the task which has been so happily begun that of Christianizing and improving the conditions of the Africans who have by the will of Providence been placed in our charge. Com- paring the results of our own experience with those of the experi- ments of others who have borne similar relation to the African race, the people of the several States of the Confederacy have abundant reason to be satisfied with the past and to use the greatest circum- spection in determining their course. These considerations, however, are rather applicable to the improbable contingency of our need of resorting to this element of resistance than to our present condition. If the recommendation above made, for the training of 40,000 negroe Page 188 188 LIST OF PAPERS. for the service indicated, shall meet your approval, it is certain that even this limited number, by their preparatory training in inter- mediate duties, would form a more valuable reserve force in case of urgency than threefold their number suddenly called from field labor while a fresh levy could to a certain extent supply their places in the special service for which they are now employed. OTHER DEPARTMENTS. The regular annual reports of the Attorney-General, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Postmaster General are appended, and give ample information relative to the condition of the respective de- partments. They contain suggestions for legislative provisions re- quired to remedy such defects in the existing laws as have been dis- closed by experience, but none of so general or important a character as to require that I should do more than recommend them to your favorable consideration. NEGOTIATIONS FOR PEACE. The disposition of this GQvernment for a peaceful solution of the issues which the enemy has referred to the arbitrament of arms has been too often manifested and is too well known to need new assur- ances. But while it is true that individuals and parties in the United States have indicated a desire to substitute reason for force, and by negotiation to stop the further sacrifice of human life, and to arrest the calamities which now afflict both countries, the authorities who control the Government of our enemies have too often and too clearly expressed their resolution to make no peace except on terms of our unconditional submission and degradation to leave us any hope of the cessation of hostilities until the delusion of their ability to con- quer us is dispelled. Among those who are already disposed for peace, many are actuated by principle and by disapproval and ab- horrence of the iniquitous warfare that their Government is waging, while others are moved by the conviction that it is no longer to the interest of the United States to continue a struggle in which success is unattainable. Whenever this fast-growing conviction shall have taken root in the minds of a majority of the Northern people, there will be produced that willingness to negotiate for peace xvhich is now confined to our side. Peace is manifestly impossible unless de- sired by both parties to this war, and the disposition for it among our enemies will be best and most certainly evoked by the demon- stration on our part of ability and unshaken determination to de- fend our rights, and to hold no earthly price too dear for their pur- chase. Whenever there shall be on the part of our enemies a desire for peace, there will be no difficulty in finding means by which negoti- ation can be opened; but it is obvious that no agency can be called into action until this desire shall be mutual. When that contingency shall happen the Government, to which is confided the treaty-making power, can be at no loss for means adapted to accomplish so desir- able an end. In the hope that the day will soon be reached when, under Divine favor, these States shall be allowed to enter on their former peace Page 189 L~T OF PAPERS. 189 ful pursuits and to develop the abundant natural resources with which they are blessed, let us then resolutely continue our united and un- impaired energies to the defense of our homes, our lives, and our lib- erties. This is the true path to peace. Let us tread it with confi- dence in the assured result. JEFFERSON DAVIS. RICHMOND, November 7, 1864. A PROCLAMATION. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. Whereas it has been made known to me that Bennett G. Burley, an acting master in the Navy of the Confederate States, is now under arrest in one of the British North American Provinces on an appli- cation made by the Government of the United States for the delivery to that Government of the said Bennett G. Burley, under the treaty known as the extradition treaty, now in force between the United States and Great Britain; And whereas it has been represented to me that the said demand for the extradition of said Bennett G. Burley is based on the charge that the said Burley is a fugitive from justice, accused of haying committed the crimes of robbery and piracy within the jurisdiction of the United States; And whereas it has further been made known to me that the accu- sations and charges made against the said Bennett G. Burky are based solely on the acts and conduct of said Burley in an enterprise or expedition made or attempted in the month of September last (1864) for the capture of the steamer Michigan, an armed vessel of the United States, navigating the Lakes on the boundary line be- tween the United States and the said British North American Prov- inces, and for the release of numerous citizens of the Confederate States, held as prisoners of war by the United States, at a certain Island called Johnsons Island; And whereas the sai~ul enterprise or expedition for the capture of said armed steamer Michigan and for the release of the said prison- ers on Johnsons Island was a proper and legitimate belligerent op- eration, undertaken during the pending public war between the two Confederacies known, respectively, as the Confederate States of America and the United States of America, which operation was Or(lered, directed, and sustained by the authority of the Government of the Confederate States, and confided to its commissioned officers for execution, among which officers is the said Bennett G. Burley: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do hereby declare and make known to all whom it may concern that the expedition aforesaid, undertaken in the month of September last, for the capture of the armed steamer Jficliigan, a vessel of war of the United States, and for the release of the prisoners of war, citizens of the Confederate States of Amer- lea, held captive by the United States of America at Johnsons Island,~ was a belligerent expedition ordered and undertaken under the au- thority of the Confederate States of America, against the Unite Page 190 190 LIST OF PAPERS. States of America, and that the Government of the Confederate States of America assumes the responsibility of answering for the acts and conduct of any of its officers engage d in said expedition, and especially of the said Bennett G. Burley, an acting master in the Navy of the Confederate States. Ahd I do furtber make known to all whom it may concern that in the orders and instructions given to the officers engaged in said exl)edition they were specially directed an(i enjoined to abstain from violating any of the laws and regulations of the Canadian or British authorities in relation to neutrality, and that the combina- tion necessary to effect the p~irpose of said expedition must be made by Confederate soldiers and such assistance as they might (you may) (Iraw from the enemys country. in testimony whereof, I have signed this manifesto and directed the same to be sealed with the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States of America, and to be made public. Done at the city of Richmond on this 24th day of December, 1864. [sEAL.] JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMIN, Seeretary of State. WASHINGTON, January 18, 1865. SIR: Your having shown me Mr. Daviss letter to you of the 12th instant, von may say to him that I have constantly been, am now, and shall continue, rea(ly to receive any agent whom he. or any other influential person now resisting the national authority. may inform- ally send to me, with the view of securing peace to the people of our one common country. Xours, etc., A. LINCOLN. F. P. BLAIR, Esq. [Second Congress.] A PROCLAMATiON. THE PRESIDENT OF TIlE CONFEDERATE STATES. The Congress of the Confederate States have, by a joint resolution, invited me to appoint a day of public fasting, humiliation, and prayer, with thanksgiving to Almighty (10(1. It Is our solemn duty at all times, and more especially in a season of public trial and adversity, to acknowledge our dependence on His mercy, andi to bow in humble submission before His footstool, con- fessing our manifold sins, supplicating his gracious pardon, im- ploring his divine help, and devoutly ren(lering thanks for the many and great blessings which lie has vouchsafed to us. Let the hearts of our people turn contritely and trustingly unto God; let us recognize in His chastening hand the correction of a father, and submissively pray that the trials and sufferings which have so long borne heavily upon us may be turned away by Hi Page 190A Page 190B R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Confederate States, 1862. 19 Page 191 LIST OF PAPERS. 191 merciful love; that His sustaining grace be given to our people, and His divine wisdom imparted to our rulers; that the Lord of Hosts will be with our armies and fight for us against our enemies, and that He will graciously take our cause into His own hand and mercifully establish for us a lasting, just, and honorable peace and independ- ence. And let us not forget to render unto His holy name the thanks and praise which are so justly due for His great goodness and for the many mercies which He has extended to us amid the trials and suffer- ing of protracted and bloody war: Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proclamation, appointing Friday, the 10th day of March next, as a day of public fasting, humiliation, and prayer (with thanksgiving) for invoking the favor and guid- ance of Almighty God, and I do earnestly invite all soldiers and citizens to observe the same in a spirit of reverence, penitence, and prayer. Given under my hand and the seal of the Confederated States, at Richmond, this ~5th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1865. JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President: J. P. BENJAMiN, Secretary of State. RLdH1~IOND, January ~8, 1865. Sw: In conformity with the letter of Mr. Lincoln of which the foregoing * is a copy, you are reqlieste(l to proceed to Washington City for informal conference with him upon the issues involved in the existing war, and for the purpose of securing peace to the two coun- trics. Your obedient servant, JEFFERSON DAVIS. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER. (Same to Hon. A. 11. Stephcns and to lion. J. A. Campbell.) DEPARTMENT OF STATE Afontgorn erg, Jfare1~ 16, 1861. GENTLEMEN: You have been appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of Congress, special commissioners to Europe. Herewith you will receive your commissions as such to Great Britain, France. Russia. and Belgium. together with the usual letters of credence and introduction, accrediting an(1 empowering you to represent the Confederate States near the Governments of those countries. In view of the importance of the mission with which you are (barged, it is desirable that you should proceed to London with all dispatch consistent with your convenience and enter upon the dis- charge of your duties. * See letter dated January 18, 1S6~, p. 190 Page 192 192 LIST OF PAPERS. As shortly after your arrival at that city as you may deem judi- cious, you will seek an interview with Her Britannic Majestys prin- cipal secretary for foreign affairs and communicate to him the object which you are deputed to accomplish. You will inform him that the several Conimonwealths composing the Confederate States of America have, by act of their people in convention assembled, severed their connection with the United States, have reassumed the powers which they delegated to the Fed- eral Government for certain specified purposes under the compact known as the Constitution of the United States, and have formed an independent government, perfect in all its branches, and endowed with every attribute of sovereignty and power necessary to entitle them to assume a place among the nations of the world. Although it will not be necessary to enter into a detailed statement of the reasons which impelled the people of the Confederate States to dissolve their union with the United States, it may be well to allude to some of the more prominent of the causes which produced that result in order to show that the step was not taken hastily or 1)assionately, but after long, patient, and mature deliberation, when the people became convinced that their honor, social and material welfare demanded separation as the best means by which those vital interests could be preserved. You can point with force to the efforts which have been per- sistently made by the manufacturing States of the North to compel the agricultural interests of the South, out of the proceeds of their industry, to pay bounties to Northern manufacturers in the shape of high-protective duties on foreign imports. Since the year 1828, whenever they had the power, the manufacturing Northern States, disregarding the obligations of our compact, in violation of the prin- ciples of justice and fair dealing, and in contempt of all remonstrance and entreaty, have carried this policy to great extremes, to the serious detriment of the industry and enterprise of the South. This policy, the injustice of which is strikingly illu~strated by the high-protective tariff just adopted by the Government at Washing- ton, furnishes a strong additional vindication of the wisdom of action of the Confederate States, especially in the estimation of those countries whose commercial interests, like those of Great Britain, are (liametrically opposed to protective tariffs. When,h owever, in addition to this system, by which millions were annually extorted from our people to foster Northern monopolies, the attempt was made to overthrow the constitutional barriers by which our property, our social system, and our right to control our own institutions were protected, separation from associates who recog- nized no law but self-interests and the power of numerical supe- riority became a necessity dictated by the instincts of self-preserva- tion. You will not fail to explain that in withdrawing from the United States the Confederate States have not violated any obligation of allegiance. They have merely exercised the sovereignty which they have possessed since their separation from Great Britain, and jeal- ously guarded, by revoking the authority which, for defined pur- poses and within defined limits, they had voluntarily delegated to the General Gov~nment, and by reassuming themselves the exercise of the authority so delegated Page 193 LIST OF PAPERS. 193 In consummating this act of separation, no public or private interest has suffered the least shock or detriment. No right has been impaired, no obligation has been forfeited. Everywhere in the Con- federate States order and respect for individual and collective rights have been scrupulously observed. The Confederate States, therefore, present themselves for admis- sion into the family of independent nations and ask for that acknowl- edgment and friendly recognition which are due to every people capable of self-government and possessed of the power to maintain their independence. The Confederate States have a well-organized Government, insti- tiited by the free will of their citizens in the active exercise of all. the functions of sovereignty, and are capable of defending them- selves. The Constitution which their Congress have just unanimously adopted (a copy of which, duly authenticated by this department, you will hand to her Britannic Majestys secretary of foreign af- fairs) is the best proof which you caii aftord of the wisdom, modera- tion, and justice which have guided their counsels. One of the Confederate States (Alabama) has already, by an almost unanimous vote of her convention, ratified that instrument, and, doubtless, long before you reach your destination all the other States of the Confederacy will have accepted it with pqual unanimity as their fundamental law. It is the confident expectation of the President and people of the Confederate States that the enlightened Government of Great Britain will speedily acknowledge our inde- pendence and welcome us among the nations of the world. The recent course which the British Government pursued in rela- tion to the recognition of the right of the Italian people to change their form of government and choose their own rulers encourages this Government to hope that they will pursue a similar policy in regard to the Confederate States. Reasons no less grave and valid than those which actuated the people of Sicily and Naples to cast off a government not of their choice, and detrimental to their inter- ests, have impelled the people of the Confederate States to dissolve the compact with the United States, which, diverted from the just and beneficent purposes of its founders, had become dangerous to their peace, prosperity, and interest. Representations may, how- ever, be made to the British Govermnent by the Government at Washington that our existence as an independent country will be of but temporary duration, and that we can be induced by certain con- cessions to reenter the Union from which we recently severed our connection. If an impression of this kind has been or shall be made upon the British ministry, you will leave no exertions unemployed for its defin- itive removal. I need not assure that neither the Government nor the citizens of the Confederate States of America regard such an oc- ciirrence as within the range of possiblity. Our experience of the past, our hopes of the future, unite us cordially in a resolute purpose not again to identify our political fortunes with the Northern States. If we were not secure in our rights and property under such an in- strument as t.he Constitution of the United States, we see no rea- sonable prospect of securing them by additional guaranties. You 176429022-voL3 1 Page 194 194 LIST OF PAPERS. will, therefore, steadily maintain in your intercourse with foreign functionaries and otherwise that in every contingency the Confed- erate States are resolute in their purpose to preserve and perpetuate their national independence. The Confederate States assume this position in the firm conviction that thus alone can they secure their future happiness and tranquility, and that they have the moral and physical strength to hold and cause their position to be respected. Against the only power which is at all likely to question our inde- pendence and disturb our peacethe United Stateswe possess abundant means for successful defense. In the first place, we are in a condition now to bring into the field 100,000 well-armed troops, and should they be required this number could be increased almost to the extent of our arms-bearing population. Secondly, should the United States, actuated by lust of dominion, numerical superiority~ or the fancied possession of a right to compel our allegiance to them, determine to invade our soil or otherwise assail us, they would have to contend not only against the 5,000,000 people of the Confederate States but against the 8,000,000 also who inhabit the eight other States allied to us by community of institutions and interest and by geographical position, and who, although they ,have not as yet re- solved to sever their connection with the United States, would do so immediately and join us in arms the moment the first gun was fired against us by order of the Government of the United States. The resolutions of the popular conventions of those 3tates amply attest the accuracy of this calculation. Thirdly, you are aware that in most, if not all, of the Northern States large and influential portions of the population have manifested the most determined opposition to any attempt to force us to reunite ourselves to our late confederates. Fourthly, you will remember that the Government of the United States is at this time wholly destitute of the power and the means to commence an aggressive war. The legislative branch of the Govern- ment has refused, by omitting to make the necessary provisions for that purpose, to arm the Executive with any authority to make war. It is needless also to point out in what condition the United States would be placed were they to be entirely cut off from our custom for their manufactures, and our two, hundred and fifty millions of prod- imce for their commerce and exchanges. This combination of powerful inducements to preserve peace on the part of the United States, together with the large material strength and resources which we possess, render it apparent to every observer that we have no unusual reasons to fear war. As soon as you shall be received officially by Great Britain you will propose to negotiate a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navi- gation, and you are accordingly furnished herewith with full powers for that purpose. The principal aim of the Confederate States in their policy with foreign Governments is peace and commerce. It will be their constant care to employ every means consistent with honor to maintain the one and extend the other. In their traffic with foreign countries they intend to act upon that wise maxim of political economy, Buy where you can buy cheapest and sell where you can sell dearest. Import duties for mere revenue purposes, so moderate as to closely approximate free trade, will render their market pecul- iarly accessible to the manufactories of Europe, while their libera Page 195 LIST OF PAPERS. 195 navigation system will present valuable attractions to countries largely engaged in that enterprising pursuit. It must be borne in mind that nearly one-half of all the Atlantic coast and the whole of the Mexican Gulf coast, lately within the l)oundaries of the United States, is at present within the boundaries of the Confederate States. The Confederate States produce nearly nineteen-twentieths of all the cotton grown in the States which recently constituted the United States. There is no extravagance in the assertion that the gross amount of the annual yield of the manufactories of Great Britain from the cotton of the Confederate States reaches $600,000,000. The British ministry will comprehend fully the condition to which the British realm would be reduced if the supply of our staple should suddenly fail or even be considerably diminished. A delicate allu- sion to the probability of such an occurrence might not be unkindly received by the minister of foreign affairs, an occurrence, I will add, that is inevitable if this country shall be involved in protracted hos- tilities with the North. The President feels no hesitation in author- izmg you to enter into such stipulations as in your judgment will be most advantageous to this country, subject, of course, to his approval and that of the coordinate branch of the treaty-making power. You are further to express to the British minister the willingness of this Government to assume the obligations of the treaties con- cluded between the United States and Great Britain and now in force. The only exception is in reference to the clause of the treaty of Washington, known as the Ashburton treaty, which obliges the United States to maintain a naval force on the coast of Africa for the suppression of the African slave trade. It is not in our power to comply with this obligation. We have prohibited the African slave trade, and intend in good faith to prevent it in our country. But we. are not preh)ared at this time to aid the rest of the world in pro- moting that object. When the object of your mission to London is accomplished you will proceed to Paris, and thence to Brussels, St. Petersburg, and such other l)laces as the President may hereafter direct. The arguments which you will use with Great Britain to induce her to establish relations with the Confederate States may be employed with France and the other countries to which you are accredited. With each of these countries you will propose to negotiate treaties of friendslup, commerce, and navigation similar to that which you will propose to Great Britain. subject to the same reservations as to ratifications here. You will correspond, as frequently as occasion may require, with this Department, transmitting your dispatches by such conveyances as you may deem the most safe and expeditious. I remain, gentlemen, very respectfully, yours, R. TooMlis. WILLIAM L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. RosT, A. DUDLEY MANN, Esquires. DEPARTMENT OF STATE~ Mon t~iomery, March 16, 1861. GENTLEMEN: Herewith you will receive the following papers, docu- ments, and books, which will be found necessary or useful to you in the discharge of the mission to which you have been appointed Page 196 196 LIST OF PAPERS. 1. Letters of credence to the Governments of (reatBritain, France, Russia, and Belgium. 2. Letters of introduction to the ministers, of foreign affairs of those countries. 3. A special passport for yourself and the persons of your suite. 4. A set of laws of the United States and pamphlet copies of re- cent laws. 5. A copy of Wheatons International Law. (These books are for the use of the commission; and at the termination of your. mission tire to remain with the representative of the Confederate States at London or to be returned to this Department.) 6. A sample of dispatch paper. Your allowance, as limited by law, is $1,000 per month for each of the commissioners. I3y a general rule, the salary commences from the time of the commissioners acceptance of his appointment, and ceases on his receiving notice or permission to return. The cost of newspapers, gazettes, pamphlets, etc.,. transmitted to this Depart- ment, of postage, stationery, and other necessary and customary ex- penses, is not considered as included under the denomination of per- sonal expenses, and will form, as contingencies of the commission, a separate charge ir~ your accounts. But no contingent expenses are to be incurred without necessity, or in compliance with the established usages; and no charge of any other description will be admitted, unless warranted by express directions from this Department. Exact vouchers in all cases of expenditure will be requisite for the settle- ment of your accounts; and as some of these incidental charges are of a nature scarcely admitting of any other sort of voucher for every item, a separate account of them should be kept and certified by the Secretary of the Commission. These particulars are thus minutely stated that you may be re- lieved from all doubt on the subject of your accounts, which, you will remember, are to be regularly transmitted by duplicates for ad- justment at the Treasury, at the close of every quarter endino with June, September, December, and March. Among the most important of your duties is that of transmitting to this Government accurate information of the policy and views of the government to which you are accredited and of the character and vicissitudes of its important relations with other European powers. To acquire this information, and particularly to discriminate be- tween that which is authentic and that which is spurious, requires steady and impartial observation, a free though cautious correspond- ence with the other agents of the Confederate States abroad, and friendly social relations with the members of the diplomatic body at the places where you reside. In your correspondence with this Department, besides the cur- rent general and particular politics of the country where you are to reside, you will be mindful, as far as you may find it convenient, to collect and transmit information of every kind relating to the Gov- ernment, finances, commerce, arts, sciences, and condition of the nation, which is not already known, and may be made useful to our own country. Books of travels, containing statistical or other information of political importance, historical works not before in circulation a Page 197 LIST OF PAPERS. 197 thentic maps published by authority of the State, or distinguished by extraordinary reputation, and publications of new and useful dis- coveries will always be acceptable acquisitions to this Department. The expense of procuring and transmitting them will form in your account a separate charge to the Department. But no such charge of any considerable amount is to be incurred in any one account, without a previous express direction for it from this Department. It is the practice of the European Governments, in the drawing up of their treaties with each other, to vary the order of naming the parties and of the signatures of the plenipotentiaries in the counterparts of the same treaty, so that each party is first named and its plenipotentiary signs first in the copy possessed and pub- lished by itself; and in treaties drawn up between parties using dif- ferent languages, and executed in both, each party is first named and its plenipotentiary signs first in the copy executed in its own lan- guage. This practice having been accidentally omitted on one or two occasions to be observed by the United States, the omission was followed by indications of a disposition in certain European Gov- ernments to question its application to them. It became, therefore, proper to insist upon it, as was accordingly done with effect. As it is understood to involve a principle, you will consider it a stand- ing instruction to adhere to this alternation in the conclusion of any treaty, convention, or other document to be jointly signed by you with the plenipotentiary of the other power. You are requested to provide yourself with a sufficient supply of dispatch paper, in size and quality corresponding with sample sent herewith, to be exclusively use(l in your correspondence with this Department. It has been found highly convenient and useful to have the original dispatches from our ministers abroad bound up in volumes. For this purpose, with a view to uniformity, the dis- patches should be regularly numbered, and, with the copies made at the commission of all papers transmitted with them, should be writ- ten on paper of the same dimensions, with the edges uncut, for stitch- ing and cutting off the edges without injury to the text. Minute as these particulars appear, they are found to be very essential to the good order and convenience of business in the Department. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, iR. TOOMBS. WILLIAM L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. RosT, A. DUDLEY MANN, Esqs. No. 1.] DEPARTMENT 01 STATE, Montgomery, April ~, 1861. GENTLEMEN: At the date of your departure from this city (the 17th ultimo) the Constitution of the Confederate States, which had been unanimously adopted by the Congress on the 11th of March, had been ratified by the conventions of but two States of the Confed- eracy, namely, Alabama and Georgia. The conventions of the States of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas have since met and have by almost unanimous votes ratified that in- strument. By Article VII, section 1, of the Constitution it is provided that the ratifications of the conventions of five States shall be sufficien Page 198 198 LIST OF PAPERS. for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so rati- fying the same. The five States already enumerated having thus recorded their ratification, the Constitution is, therefore, now the fundamental law of the Confederate States. I take especial pleas- ure in communicating to you this important fact for your informa- tion and guidance. The conventions of the States of South Carolina and Florida are now in session, and no doubt~ is entertained that they will, with the same promptness and cordiality, give their sanction to the Consti- tution at an early day. I am, gentlemen, very respectfully yours, R. TOOMBS. WILLIAM L YANCEY, PIERRE A. IROsT, A. DUDLEY MANN, Esqs., Commissioners of the Confederate States, etc. No. 2.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, April ~4, 1861. GENTLEMEN: Since the date of my last dispatch (2d instant) events of great magnitude have occurred, of which I deem it im- portant to apprise you officially, as well for your own guidance as for the information of the Governments to which you are accredited. Notwithstanding the persistent and anxious efforts of this Govern- ment to avoid a hostile collision with the United States and to effect a peaceful solution of the questions which necessarily arose from the separation of the Confederate States from the late Federal Union, war has actually commenced between the two confederacies. The United States Government has thrown down the gauntlet, and we have promptly picked it up, trusting to Providence and the devotion of our people to their just cause for a successful issue out of the difficulties which are the necessary concomitants of war. As the effort will doubtless be made on the part of the United States to throw the responsibility of the commencement of hostilities on this Government and generally to misrepresent our acts and in- tentions, I think it proper to give you a full detail of the facts in order that you may successfully baffle all such attempts and amply vindicate the course which this Government has resolved to pursue. When you left this city you were aware that commissioners from this Government had been sent to Washington with the view to open negotiations with the Government of the United States for the peaceful settlement of all matters in controversy and for the estab- lishment of relations of amity and good will between the two coun- tries. They promptly made known to the Administration at Wash- ington the object of their mission; gave the most explicit assurances that it was the earnest desire of the President, Congress, and people of the Confederate States to preserve peace; that they had no de- mand to make which was not founded o~ the strictest justice; and that they had no wish to do any act to injure their late confederates. Conscious of the embarrassments by which the newly installed Ad- ministration at Washington was surrounded, they did not press their demand for a formal reception or a recognition of the independence of the Confederate States. So long as moderation and forbearanc Page 199 LIST OF PAPERS. 199 were consistent with the honor and dignity of their Government, they forbore from taking any step which could possibly add to the difficulties by which the Cabinet of Mr. Lincoln was beset. Acting in pursuance of this policy, they consented to transmit to and re- ceive communications from the Secretary of State of the United States through the medium of third persons, gentlemen of the high- est social and official position, and in this way they received the most positive assurances from Mr. Seward that the policy of his Government was peace; that Fort Sumter would be evacuated im- mediately; that Fort Pickens would soon be abandoned; that no measure was contemplated to change the existing status of things prejudicially to the Confederate States ; and if any change was resolved upon, due notice would be given to the commissioners. These assurances were repeatedly and authoritatively conveyed by Mr. Seward to the gentlemen to whom I have already alluded, with the express intent that they should be transmitted to the commission- ers of the Confederate States. Incredible as it may seem, it is nevertheless perfectly true that while the Government of the United States was thus addressing the Confederate States with words of conciliation and promises of peace a large naval and military expedition was being fitted out by its order for the purpose of invading our soil and imposing on us an authority which we have forever repudiated, and which it was .well known we would resist to the last extremity. At the very time when persons of high position were authorized and requested to assure the commissioners that Fort Sumter would be evacuated forthwith agents were dispatched by the Untied States Government to Charleston for the avowed purpose of making ar- rangements for the evacuation, but with the real intent to devise and concert schemes for the stealthy reinforcement of the fortress and its prolonged occupation by the United States. We have the clearest proof of this fact in the remonstrance against such conduct contained in a dispatch (intercepted by us) addressed to his Government by the gallant and distinguished officer who com- manded the United States troops at Sumter, and whose sense of honor was shocked at being made an unwilling party to an act which could not even be justified on the ground of expediency, as he knew that the plan could not succeed and could only lead to a useless ex- posure to destruction of life and property. On the 9th instant, when it became apparent to the bommissioners that all hope of peaceful negotiations was at an end; that the United States Government had resolved to attempt to coerce the people of the Confederate States into submission to authority which they had abjured, the commissioners promptly left Washington, having pre- viously notified the ITnited States Secretary of State of their deter- mination. Annexed to this dispatch you will find copies of their official note and of the memorandum of the Department of State at Washington communicated to them by Mr. Seward. Although fully informed of the sailing from various ports of the United States of a large naval and military force destined to invade some l)art of the Confederate States, this Government still abstained from giving the order to reduce Fort Sumter, in the hope that th Page 200 200 LIST OF PAPERS. expedition was not destined to reinforce that work. This hope was soon dissipated by the arrival at Charleston of two authorized agents of the United States Government, instructed to inform the governor of South Carolina that it was the intention of their Government to reinforce Fort Sumter with provisions, and that if any resistance were offered by the Confederate States force would be employed to attain that object. Under these circumstances the general command- ing the army of the Confederate States at Charleston was imme- diately ordered to demand the surrender of the work. His demand was refused; but as the officer commanding the United States troops in Fort Sumter accompanied his refusal to surrender with the state- ment that he and his command would be starved out in a few days, the general was immediately instructed to inform Major Anderson that if he would indicate the time when he would be compelled to surrender for want of provisions, and would agree not to use his guns against the Confederate States unless their guns were first used against him~ Fort Sumter should not be bombarded. It was only when he declined to make such an agreement that General Beaure- gard determined to proceed to reduce the fort. Having a knowledge that a large fleet was expected hourly to arrive off Charleston Harbor with orders to force an entrance and attempt to victual and reinforce the fortress, and that the troops of the Confederate States would be thus exposed to a double attack, General Beauregard had no alternative left but to dislodge the enemy and take possession of the fort and thus command absolutel all the approaches to the port of Charleston, sothat the y entrance of a hostile fleet would be almost impossible. I annex copies of the official correspondence by telegraph between the Secretary of War and General Beauregard, and of correspondence between General Beauregard and Major Anderson prior to the bombardment of Fort Sumter (marked D). General Beauregard opened his batteries at half past 4 oclock a. m. on the 12th instant,and at half past 1 oclock p.m. on the next day Major Anderson hauled down his flag and surrendered uncondition- ally to the troops of the Confederate States. I am happy to inform you that this brilliant success was accom- plished without the loss of a single man on our side and with incon- siderable loss on the part of the enemy. The Government of the Confederate States still hoping that the authorities at Washington would abandon the course of aggression on which they had entered and order the withdrawal of the United States troops from Fort Pickens, the only other point where imme- diate collision was to be apprehended, generously forbore from using the powers which the unconditional surrender of Fort Sumter placed in its hands. Instead of detaining Major Anderson and his men as prisoners of war, they were permitted to leave the fort with their side arms and baggage, were allowed to salute their flag, and were conducted by an escort of Confederate States troops to the United States ships of war lying off the harbor of Charleston. The response of the United States Government to these acts of forbearance was President Lincolns proclamation of war, of the 15th instant, calling out an army of 75,000 men for the declared purpose of invading the Confederate States with a view to capture our forts Page 201 LIST OF PAPERS. 201 War being thus forced on the Confederate States, in view of the proclamation of President Lincoln, and the extensive preparations for military aggression which have been made by the Government of the United States, the President of the Confederate States has issued his proclamation convoking an extra session of Congress for the 29th instant, and has resolved to use all the means to repel the threatened invasion and to defend the rights and liberties of the Deople of the Confederate States which the laws of nations and the usages of civilized warfare place at his disposal. The proclamation of the President of the Confederate States, of the 17th instant, inviting application for letters of marque and re- prisal was made in anticipation of the action of the Congress to whom the question is referred. You are instructed to assure all the powers with which you are in communication that, in the exercise of this unquestioned belligerent right, the most carefully guarded in- structions will be issued to our private-armed cruisers, with a view to prevent the possibility of any interference with neutral commerce or any invasion of the rights of. neutral powers. So far from per- mitting any abuse in this respect, it is obvious that not only sound policy but a due regard to our own interest requires that we should invite the most unrestricted intercourse with friendly nations. In taking this course the President of the Confederate States is enthusiastically sustained by the unanimous voice of the people of the Confederate States. Nearly double the amount of the subscrip- tion invited for the loan which this Government was authorized by Congress to contract has been promptly subscribed at par, and we have incontestable proof that ample means to meet all future require- ments for the common defense and the good of the country will be cheerfully provided. I have also the pleasure to inform you that we are in receipt of the most cheering intelligence from those States which are known as the border slave States. The great State of Virginia, whose con- vention has been in session for several weeks, although devotedly attached to the Federal Union, passed an ordinance on the 18th instant dissolving her connection with the United States, and has taken active and efficient steps for her own protection and the de- fense of the Confederate States against the unprovoked policy of aggression which the Government at Washington has inaugurated. In the State of Maryland the people have risen to prevent the passage through their~erritory of armed men from the North to the city of Washington, destined to invade the South; and a conflict is now going on in that State between the people and the invaders. In the States of North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Missouri the people have manifested a deter!nination to follow the example of Virginia, and their respective governors have ten- dered to the Government of the Confederate States the services of large numbers of troops, which are now being embodied to take the field immediately for the common defense against the aggressions of the United States Government. There is good reason to believe that before thirty days have rolled round all the 15 States of the South will have severed the bonds which have bound them to the late Federal Union and will have joined the Confederate States Page 202 202 LIST OF PAPERS. You are instructed to read this dispatch to the ministers of foreign affairs of the Governments to which you are accredited. I am, gentlemen. very respectfully, yours, ER. TOOMES. lions. W L. YANcEY, PIERRE A. RosT, A. DUDLEY MANN, Commissioners of the Confederate States, etc. No. 3, private.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, April 26, 1861. GENTLEMEN: In the dispatch (No. 2) addressed to you by the Sec- retary of State, under date of the 24th instant, and confided to the care of William Grayson Mann, esq., you will be pleased to direct your secretary to make the following alteration: Instead of para- graph commencing Nearly double the amount of the loan which this Government was authorized by Congress to contract has been promptly subscribed, etc., insert Nearly double the amount of the subscription invited for the loan which this Government was author- ized by Congress to contract, has been promptly subscribed, etc. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your obedient servant, WM. M. BROWNE, A ssistant Secretary. lions. Wi~i. L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. RosT, A. DUDLEY MANN, Corn missioners of the Confederate States, etc. No. 4.1 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, April 29, 1861. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to inform you that in pursuance of the Presidents proclamation of the 12th instant, convoking an extra session of Congress, that body met this day at 12 oclock, and soon thereafter received a message from the President, a copy of which is sent to you herewith. I have further to inform you of the presence in London or Paris of Captain Caleb Huse of the Confederate States Army, who has been sent to Europe by the Secretary of War, on special service, and to request that you will give him all the aid in your power for the ac- complishment of the object of his mission. I transmit to you herewith, a package of letters for Captain Huse, with a request that you will cause it to be delivered to him as soon as possible. I remain, gentlemen, very respectfully, yours, WM. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary. lions. WILLIAM L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. RosT, A. DUDLEY MANN, Commissioners of the Confederate States, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, May 17, 1861. SIR: You have been appointed by the President to act as agent of the Confederate States near the Government of the Republic of Mexico. Your commission as such, and the ordinary letter of intro- duction to the minister of foreign relations, you will receive herewith Page 203 LIST OF PAPERS. 203 It is desirable that you should proceed with as much speed as may be consistent with your convenience, to the seat of Government of Mexico, and as soon as practicable after your arrival put yourself in communication with the Government of that Republic, and express to them the sincere desire which animates this Government to culti- vate the most amicable relations with Mexico. You will inform them of the separation of the Confederate States from the late Federal Union; the formation by them of a separate and independent Gov- ernment; the causes which led to this action; of their purpose to maintain their independence at all hazards, and of the events which have transpired since the Confederate States declared themselves an independent nation. Should the Mexican Government express any desire to form an alliance with the Confederate States you will assure them of the readiness of this Government to conclude a treaty of amity, com- merce, and navigation with that Republic on terms equally advan- tageous to both countries. There are many reasons why Mexico should desire to form such an alliance. The people both of the Con- federate States and Mexico are principally engaged in agriculture and ruining pursuits, and their interests are therefore homogeneous. The institution of domestic slavery in one country, and that of peonage in the other e their systems , stablish between them such a similarity in disregard the of labor as to prevent any tendency on either side to feelings and interests of the other. It is to the ad- vantage of the Mexican people as well as those of the Confederate States, to buy the cheapest goods, and employ the lowest freights. and this would naturally create a harmony of interests which would lead to intimate trade relations as well as cordial diplomatic coopera- tion. Mexico being coterminous with the Confederate States, renders the existence of a friendly alliance with the latter of the highest im- portance to the former. lATere the Confederate States to guarantee Mexico against foreign invasion, it is obvious that they could do so more promptly and effectually than any more distant nation. It is understood that the United States have sent a diplomatic agent to Mexico for the purpose of concluding a treaty of alliance with that Republic, and especially instructed to prevent the formation of any alliance with the Con- federate States. Although many good reasons might be advanced why Mexico should not enter into any close alliance with the ITnited States, it is not the purpose of this ~overnment to offer any advice or remonstrance to the Mexican Government against their taking such a stel) should they think proper to do so. This Government expects, however, that in any engagements which the Mexican Government may make with that of the ITnited States the strictest neutrality shall be observed so far as the Confederate States are concerned. The grant to the United States of commercial, political, or territorial advantages which are not accorded to the Confederate States, would be regarded by this Government as evi- dence of an unfriendly disposition on the part of Mexico, which it would sincerely deplore, and protest against in the promptest and most decided manner. It will be your duty to use all the means at your disposal to watch the proceedings of the representative of the United States at Mexico and prevent the Mexican Government fro Page 204 204 LIST OF PAPERS. taking any step at his suo~irestion which would be prejudicial to the interests of the Confederate States, and give them just cause for in- terrupting those relations of friendship and good neighborhood which it is the earnest desire of this Government to preserve and improve. It is not the wish of this Government to ask for a formal recogni- tion of the independence of the Confederate States by Mexico; but if the Mexican Government should express a desire to make such recog- nition, and establish regular diplomatic relations with the Confed- erate States, you are instructed to inform them of the readiness of this Government to send a minister to Mexico, and receive a representa- tive of that Republic here. You will not insist on a formal reception in your official character and if the Mexican Government should consent to entertain friendly and confidential relations with you, you will be content with this, it being the desire of this Government to waive the form when by doing so the substantial objects of your mission can be accomplished. ITt will be your duty to use the facilities which your long residence in Mexico and your acquaintance with the native and foreign merchants resident there afford you to make the cause of the Confederate States, their condition, their purposes, and the nature of their present contest with the United States properly understood by that important class of the population. You will also feel the pulse of merchants and shipowners on the subject of privateering, and should a desire be manifested to obtain letters of marque and reprisal from this Gov- ernment, you will make known the power vested in you by this Department to grant such commissions in conformity with the law of Congress authorizing the issue of the same. Herewith you will receive 20 blank commissions, together with 50 copies of the act of Congress, the instructions of the President, and the form of the bond to be executed by the owner and commander of every private armed vessel, and a copy of the circular instructions of this Department. You are also authorized to employ faithful and discreet persons resident in Mexico as agents for the reception of applications for letters of marque and also as prize agents. subject to the approval of the President of the Confederate States. You will be very careful in the selection of these agents, appoi~nting none but persons of the strictest integrity, prudence, and worthiness of the trust reposed in them. It is confidently anticipated by this Government that the Mexican authorities will accord to the armed vessels sailing under the flag of the Confederate States the right to enter the ports of Mexico with any lawful prizes they may make on the high seas. It is the general uractice of neutral nations to allow prizes to be brought into their ports, as, according to the law of nations, to grant such permission is no violation of the strictest neutrality, since it may be equally ac- corded to both of the belligerents. You will ask the Mexican Gov- ernment to accord this permission; and, if obtained, you will imme- diately inform this Department of the fact. It will be well in your relations with the Mexican Government to remind them that Southern statesmen and diplomatists, from the days of Henry Clay to the pres- ent time, have always been the fast friends of Mexico, and that she may always confidently rely on the good will and friendly inter- vention of the Confederate States to aid her in maintaining thos Page 205 LIST OF PAPERS. 205 principles of constitutional liberty which she has successfully as- serted. You will keep this Department constantly informed con- cerning your mission, availing yourself of the best and safest means at your command for the transmission of your dispatches. I am, etc., R. TooMBs. JOHN T. PICKETT, Esq., etc., Montgomery. [Enclosure.] MEMORANDUM OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR MR. JOHN T. PICKETT. 1. He is to proceed with all possible dispatch to Vera Cruz, and thence to the City of Mexico, for the purpose of executing these instructions. 2. The Government of Mexico .being based on the consent of the independent sovereign States constituting that Republic, he will have no hesitation in speaking freely to the authorities at Vera Cruz upon the cause and motive of the revolution in the Government of the late United States, and he will feel the pulse of the merchants of that port (who are almost exclusively European) upon the subject of privateering, endeavoring by all proper means to cause the great question now agitating the North American Continent to be properly understood by all classes at Vera Cruz. 3. Proceeding to the capital, he will avail himself of his personal relations with members of the cabinet and with President Juarez himself to secure a friendly reception in his official capacity, which, bein~ effected, he will present his credentials and enter upon the full discharge of the important object of his mission. 4. The precise object of this mission may be summed up as fol- lows, viz, to manifest to the Mexican Government that the southern portion of the late United States, unable longer to endure the usurpations of Federal power, violative of the common Constitu- tion, have resolved to throw off the yoke of the central despotism at. Washington, and are now engaged in a war of independence; that to secure and consolidate their liberties they have formed a league, offensive and defensive, under the title of the Confederate States of America; that, feeling strong in their ability to maintain their independence and wishing to cultivate relations of amity and good will with all the nations of the earth, especially neighbors whose history is freighted with episodes similar to that which now agitates the Confederate States, the President of the Confederate States has instructed the undersigned to assure the President of the United Mexican States of the cordial desire of the Government, Congress, and people of the Confederate States to, etc.; that the President of the Confederate States has observed throughout with surprise that the Government of the United States, in its animosity toward its late confederates, has not hesitated to send as its minister plenipotentiary near the Government of Mexico a man notorious and infamous at home and abroad as a traitor; that such an appoint- ment is deemed insulting to the well-known dignity and good sense of the Mexican nation; and that the ratification or negotiation of any treaty whatsoever with such a person in the slightest degree injurious to the dignity or interests of the Confederate States woul Page 206 206 LIST OF PAPERS. be peculiarly offensive to the said States; that, the Government of the Confederate States has seen with great satisfaction the triumph in Mexico of those principles of constitutional government for which the Confederate States are now battling, and which it is both their wish and their interest to see sustained throughout time, and to maintain which against the tyranny of both the Old and the New World they will be found prepared to make common cause. 5. Touch adroitly upon commercial matters and the violent oppo- sition which treaties to strengthen those relations have ever met from the North, especially last winter. 6. Remind the Mexican Government that Southern men and South- ern diplomatists, especially, have been the first and fast friends of Mexico from Henry Clay down to the days of James Gadsden, John Forsyth, and Robert N. McLane, the present agent, of the Confeder- ate states, having been first foreign representatives to recognize the present constitutional government in Mexico, for which his exequatur was revoked by the military despotism then at the Capital, and for which he was dismissed from the office of consul at Vera Cruz, and insulted by Mr. Buchanan, though afterwards reappointed without request. 7. Border feuds and forays must be put an end to by the forming of an extradition treaty. (This subject had better rest until after our full recognition.) 8. He will undertake to enforce the clause (now absolute) in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo restraining incursions of wild tribes, in consideration of certain commercial privileges and rights of way across Mexican territory and in connection with extradition. 9. The agent should be empowered to nominate consuls and prize agents pro tempore, subject to approval of the Cotifederate States. 10. The agent should be furnished with means or credit or author- ity to purchase or contract for arms and munitions of war which, now that comparative quiet exists in that country, may be obtained there in no inconsiderable quantity. 11. The agent should be furnished with means sufficient to main- tain a creditable personal and diplomatic figure and to pay for im- portant information when not to be had otherwise, and other secret. service. A million or so of money judiciously applied would pur- chase our recognition by the Government. The Mexicans are not overscrupulous, and it is not our mission to mend their morals at this precise period. Retaining all the gravity and love of grandeur peculiar to the Spaniards, they have a supreme contempt for mean- ness and parsimony in high official station, particularly in foreign agents. So also with regard to personal slovenliness and boorish manners. The niggardliness of the late ex-Governor Letcher, of Kentucky, his aversion of clean linen, and profuse squirting of tobacco juice rendered him positively odious, though otherwise a most excellent minister plenipotentiary. 12. Count de Gabriac, a late French minister, was more despised for his stinginess than hated for his robberies and open war upon the Liberal Party. If there be one personal vice which revolts the Spanish character more than any other it is drunkenness. These hasty notes submitted by Department of States this 17th day of May, 1861 Page 207 LIST OF PAPERS. 207 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, May 18, 1861. SIR: Your salary as special agent of the Confederate States in Mexico has been fixed by the President at $4,500 per annum, to be computed from the 6th day of May, 1861 (the day on which you reached this city to receive your instructions). In addition to the above you will be entitled to an allowance for the contingent ex- penses of your agency, which are not to exceed $1,500 per annum, a separate account of which you will regularly keep and furnish to this Department. Every official communication of your agency is to be fairly copied and indexed in proper books. This will include protocols of confer- ences, notes of official conversations, copies of correspondence, and every memorandum necessary to a full understanding of the history of the mission. The Department must be furnished with copies of all official notes or letters received and of answers given thereto by the agent of the Cojifederate States. All his conversations with officials of the Government to which he is accredited having any material bearing on its relations with the Confederate States, and which he deems it important that this Gov~ eminent should know, will be particularly noted as soon after the conversation as possible, and copies of these notes or the substance thereof promptly communicated to this Department. It will be found convenient in the transaction of business in the Department of State to have the official communications from our agents abroad bound up in volumes. To ensure uniformity in this respect all dispatches (which must be regularly numbered) and their accompaniments should be written on paper of the same dimensions. For the con~ venience of binding, a margin of at least 1~ inches should surround the borders of the text. To facilitate the dispatch of business in the Department agents are requested in their official communications to indicate by short mar- ginal references those parts to which particular attention is invited. Such references should be invariably placed on the outer margin of the sheet. A copy of more than one document should never be trans~ mitted to the Department on a single sheet of paper. One of the es- sential qualifications of a diplomatic agent is to observe at all times a proper reticence in regard to the affairs of his Government; and the knowledge of these affairs possessed by persons belonging to the lega- tion should be regarded as confidential. The instructions given to a diplomatic agent of the Confederate States by his Government, the official communication received by him from other sources, the rec- ords of his answers thereto and of all transactions relating to his office are not the private property of such agent, but belong to the archives of the mission, and must be kept to the orders of this Depart- ment. No copy of any public paper is to be taken or retained by any diplomatic agent for his own use or for any private purpose what- ever, nor is any such paper at any time to be I)liblished without the express consent of this Department. Amongst the most important duties of a diplomatic agent of the Confederate States is that of transmitting to his own Government accurate information concern~ ing the policy and views of that to which he is accredited in its im- portant relations with other powers. In this connection it is to b Page 208 208 LIST OF PAPERS. remembered that diplomatic agents are forbidden to correspond in regard to the public affairs of any foreign Government with any pri- vate person, with any newspaper or other periodical, or otherwise than with the proper officers of the Confederate States, or to recom- mend any person at home or abroad for any employment of trust or profit under the Governments to which they are respectively accred- ited. In their regular correspondence with the Department diplo- matic agents of the Confederate States will transmit such informa- tion relating to the Government, finances, commerce, arts, sciences, and condition of the country where they reside as they may deem useful. In dispatches communicating such information, however, political affairs should not be referred to. In their drafts for salary or for contingent expenses diplomatic a o~ents will be careful not to exceed in the amount drawn for the sum to which they may be entitled in account with the Confederate States at the date of the draft. Each draft must designate the account on which it is made, whether for salary or for contingencies; if for both, the amount chargeable to each must be stated. Agents of the Confederate States abroad will bear in mind that in the sale of their drafts, either for salary or for contingent expenses, all loss or gain on such drafts must be accounted for to the proper officer of the Treasury in their accounts for contingent expenses, and be accompanied by a brokers certificate stating the rate of exchange at the date of the sale of the draft, and for any loss incurred drafts will be made on this Department. Accounts should be transmitted for adjustment in duplicate to the rrreasury Department at the close of ever~ quarter ending with May, August, November, and February . Exact vouchers in all cases of expenditure will be required, and when in a foreign language must be accompanied by English translations. I am, etc., ZR. TooMBs. JOHN T. PICKETT, Esq., etc. No. 5.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomerij, May 18, 1861. GENTLEMEN: My dispatch of the 24th ultimo contained an accu- rate summary of the important events which had transpired up to that date, and informed you that the Executive of the United States had commenced a war of aggression against the Confederate States. The Assistant Secretary of State in his dispatch of the 29th ultimo informed you that in response to the call made by the President in his proclamation of the 12th March the Congress reassembled here on the 29th of that month and enclosed you copies of the Presidents message. Since that day the Congress has passed a law, which was approved on the 6th instant, recognizing the existence of war between the United States and the Confederate States, authorizing the Presi- dent to use the whole land and naval forces of the Confederate States to meet the war, and to issue letters of marque and general reprisal against the vessels and property of the United States and their citizens Page 209 LIST OF PAPERS. 209 In issuing letters of marque and reprisal to private armed ves- sels to act against the United States the Confederate States have exercised a right which the law of nations clearly recognizes as be- longing to belligerents. It will be remembered that when the principal powers of Europe proposed at the Paris conference in 1856 to obtain the consent of the other nations of the world to the abandonment of this right the Gov- ernment of the United States refused to comply, on the ground that ~n any future contest with other maritime nations, the United States, having a comparatively small Navy, could not consent to surrender the advantage which the employment of the militia of the seas afforded them. The Government of the United States have seized and are now usihg against us the entire navy which belonged to that Confederacy prior to its dissolution, of which a large portion justly belongs to the Confederate States, who contributed their share of the money expended in building and equipping it. It is only by the use of privateers that we can now encounter the United States upon the high seas. It is the only weapon of maritime defense left to us; and, of all nations, the United States are the last who can justly object to the use of a right which they expressly reserved to themselves for reasons which forcibly apply to the present position of the Con- federate States. President Lincoln has proclaimed that the exercise of this acknowl- edged right is an act of piracy, and that all persons engaged in priiTa- teering in the service of the Confederate States who fall into the hands of the United States shall be treated as pirates. The Confederate States are resolved to regard rigidly the usages of civilized warfare and use none but legitimate means of defense; but if the United States enhance the inevitable horrors of war by a resort to practices which the civilized world justly regards as bar- barous, the Confederate States will be reluctantly compelled to re- taliate in justice to themselves and in self-defense. I enclose you herewith copies of the act and of the instructions of the President to the commanders of private armed vessels thus com- missioned, from which you will perceive that every possible precau- tion has been taken to guard the rights of neutral and friendly na- tions and protect them against loss or injury. I have also to inform you that you are jointly and severally authorized to receive applica- tions for such letters of marque and reprisal and to issue commis- sions thereon in the form and manner prescribed by law. Before, however, you receive any application or grant any commission you will take steps to inform yourselves as to whether your doing so would be displeasing to the Governments to which you are accredited or whether, while those Governments might not directly sanction the proceeding, they would tacitly permit it, being assured that the inter- ests of their own citizens will be scrupulously protected. In case you find that those Governments are earnestly opposed to your issuing the commissions within their limits and that your in- fluence and position would be compromised or lessened thereby, you will decline to receive any applications which made be made to you for letters of marque and reprisal and not use the commissions sent you herewith. l76429022voL 3 1 Page 210 210 LIST OF PAPERS. You are already aware that the State of Virginia, by act of her convention, dissolved her connection with the Unite a es on the 18th of April. On the 24th of the same month a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, was concluded at Richmond between the State of Virginia and the Confederate States, and on the 25th of April the convention of Virginia passed an ordinance adopting the provisional Constitution of the Confederate States and commissioned delegates to the Congress, who have since arrived and taken their seats in that body. The States o fT ennessee and Arkansas have passed ordinances dis- solving their Union with the United States, have united their for- tunes with those of their seven sisters who first formed the Govern- ment of the Confederate States, and have drawn the sword in defense of our common rights, honor, and safety against the common enemy. On the 20th instant the convention of the people of North Caro- lina will assemble at Raleigh. and there is no doubt that immediately thereafter ordinances of secession from the United States and union with the Confederate States will be adopted. Although 10 independent and sovereign States have thus delib- erately severed the bonds which bound them in political union with the United States and have formed a separate and independent Gov- ernment for themselves, the President of the United States affects to consider that the Federal Union is still legally and constitutionally unbroken; that the Constitution of the United States is still in full force and effect in every State, and that it is his paramount duty to enforce this principle. It matters not to him that, with the exception of three or four forts still occupied by United States troops, the Federal Govermnent of the United States does not exercise jurisdic- tion of any kind over one inch of soil in the Confederate States. He still claims to be our ruler and insists that he has the right to enforce our obedience. For this avowed purpose he usurps the authority to call out large armies, make gigantic military preparations, equip powerful fleets, order the blockade of 2,000 miles of seacoast, and, generally, assume and exercise by himself the war-making power which the Constitution that he pretends to be so anxious to pre- serve and force upon 12,000,000 of people expressly denies to him. It is manifest to everybody at all conversant with the meaning and intent of the Constitution of the United States that there is not a single act which President Lincoln has done in pursuance of his various proclamations which is not a flagrant violation of the plain- est provisions of that instrument and the boldest and most reckless usurpation. For the ostensible purpose of compelling us to bow before the majesty of the Federal Constitution which we have abjured, in the exercise of our inherent rights, and for the preservation of a Union already dissolved, and which never rested on any other basis than the common consent of the States which composed it, war is declared, and is now being carried on by the most flagrant violation of every principle, of every provision, of every mandate which that Constitu- tion contains. From the newspaper press, the rostrum, and the pulpit, the parti- sans of Mr. Lincoln, while they clamorously assert their devotion to the Union and the Constitution of the United States, daily preac Page 211 LIST OF PAPERS. 211 a relentless war between the sections to be prosecuted not only in violation of all constitutional authority, but in disregard of the simplest laws of humanity. The authorized exponents of the sentiments of the party of which Mr. Lincoln is the leader, and whose policy he has resolved to carry out, avow that it is the purpose of the war to subjugate the Con- federate States, spohate the property of our citizens, sack and burn our cities and villages, and exterminate our citizens, and some are so lost to shame, so dead to every sense of humanity and civilization as to stimulate the basest passions of those whom they desire to enlist by giving glowing allusions to the beauty of our women who are to become the prey of an infuriate soldiery. It is obvious, therefore, that, however it may be concealed under the guise of patriotism, and fidelity to the late Federal Compact, the real motive which actuates Mr. Lincoln and those who now sustain his acts, is to accomplish by force of arms that which the masses of the Northern people have long sought to effect, namely, the overthrow of our domestic institutions, the devastation and destruction of our social interests, and the reduction of the Southern States to the con- dition of subject provinces. It is needless to recur to the long series of wrongs, extending over more than 40 years, which culminated on the 6th of last November in the election of Mr. Lincoln to the presidency of the United States. By that election it was proclaimed by the party which achieved it that the Government formed to establish justice had become the perverted instrument of sectional aggression: that the Constitution designed to form a more perfect union~ should thenceforth be ex- clusively administered by those whose principles commence in dis- cord, and whose policy must end in dissolution. Then was pro- nounced by a purely sectional party the deliberate judgment that a great political charter framed for the benign purpose of pro- moting the general welfare and ensuing domestic tranquillity, was to be used as the tool of a fanatical association by which rights of minorities were to be swept away in order to give unbridled sway to the power of majorities. It is not astonishing that a people educated in that school which always taught the maintenance of the rights of the few against the might of the many, which ceaselessly regarded the stipulation to protect and preserve the liberties and vested rights of every member of the Confederacy, as the condition precedent upon which each State delegated certain powers necessary for self-protection to the General Government, should refuse to submit dishonorably to the destruction of their constitutional liberty, the insolent denial of their right to govern themselves and to hold and enjoy their property in peace. In the exercise of that greatest of the rights reserved to the several States by the late Federal Constitution, namely, the right for each State to be the judge for itself as well of the infractions of the com- pact of union as of the mode and measure of redress, the sovereignties composing the Confederate States resolved to sever their political connection with the TJnited States, and form a government of their own, willing to effect this purpose peaceably at any sacrifice save that of honor and liberty, but determined even at the cost of war to asser Page 212 212 LIST OF PAPERS. their right to independence and self-government. The objects and- desires of the Government and people of the Confederate States, can not be better expressed than in the concluding paragraph of the Presidents recent message to the Congress, wherein he says We seek no conquest, no aggrandizement, no concession of any kind from the States with which we were lately confederated; all we ask is to be let alone; that those who never had power over us shall not now attempt our subjugation by arms.~~ It is impossible to exaggerate the enthusiasm and unanimity with which the people manifest their determination to maintain their rights. From every State the people are flocking in thousands to the Confederate standard, and 100,000 of the flower of our youth and vigor are now in arms, ready to do and die in defense of their just cause. In my dispatch of the 24th ultimo, I alluded to the distinguished intermediary through whom our commissioners to Washington con- sented to receive from, and transmit communications to, the ITnited States Government. I informed you of the assurances which they received through this agency from Mr. Seward, that, the administra- tion at Washington had resolved to pursue a peaceful policy toward the, Confederate States; and I made manifest to you how deceptive those assurances were, as was proved by the subsequent conduct of Mr. Seward and the Cabinet of which he is a member. I am now at liberty to inform you that the intermediary was the Hon. John A. Campbell, a judge of the Supreme Court of the United States; and, in order that the nature of Mr. Sewards conduct in re- lation to Judge Campbell, and the laudable purpose of his interfer- ence may be fully understood, I refer you to the special message of the President to Congress of the 8th instant, communicating certain letters addressed by Judge Campbell to Mr. Seward and the Presi- dent, copies of which are herewith enclosed (marked A). I also send you herewith (marked B) a copy of a dispatch from Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton, the present representative of the United States in France (published by the Department of State at Wash- ington), wherein the United States Secretary of State makes the as- tounding assertion that there is no difference of opinion whatever between the President and his constitutional advisers, or among those advisers themselves, concerning the policy that has been pursued, and which is now prosecuted by the administration, in regard to the un- happy disturbance existing in the country. The discrepancy be- tween this broad assertion of the Secretary of State of the United States, and the narrative of facts contained in Judge Campbells letters, is too obvious to need particular allusion. You will not fail to show the Government with which you are in communication the prejudicial results to their interests and those of their citizens of the blockade which Mr. Lincoln has of his own authority assumed to declare, and the inconsistency of such a bellig- erent act with the theory on which the Government at Washington insists that the blockaded ports still belong to the ITnited States. It appears that the ITnited States Government has required that all foreign vessels now in the ports of the Confederate States shall set sail within 15 days from the date of the notice, and that even t Page 213 LIST OF PAPERS. 213 ship productions in compliance with standing contracts with the British Government, after the expiration of that time, will not be permitted. This action contrasts unfavorably with the course pur- sued by this Government, which accords to vessels of the enemy 30 days to leave our ports after the publication of the act of May 6, recognizing the existence of war. As I have already observed, it has been the purpose of the Con- federate States to mitigate rather than add to the unavoidable cruelties of war. While the Government of the United States has sanctioned the illegal seizure and detention in Northern ports of the property of private citizens of the Confederate States, this Govern- ment has refused to permit retaliation and has suffered ships and merchandise belonging to citizens of the United States to the value of millions of dollars to leave our ports as freely as if no injustice had been done to us and profound peace existed. Private property which has entered our ports relying on our pro- tection has been invariably respected by this Government, and orders have been given to the collectors of customs to grant clear- ances to all United States merchant vessels not carrying naval stores and supplies to the enemy. Scarcely a day passes that we do not receive intelligence of the capture in the United States of goods, the private property of our citizens, purchased and acquired long before the commencement of hostilities. Some idea may be formed of the extent to which this lawless appropriation of prop- erty has been carried in the United States by citing the fact that the United States district attorney at New York City attempted to seize the balances due citizens of the Confederate States by the New York banks, and only desisted when informed that, were the Con- federate States to resort to retaliation, they could inflict much greater injury on United States citizens than that which it was in his power to inflict on us. As it is of the utmost importance that there should be frequent and secure communication between your commission and this depart- ment, you will take measures to arrange some plan by which you may regularly transmit your dispatches. You will be careful, however, not to send any dispatches through the mail by the regular mail steamers destined to Northern ports, nor under cover of G. B. Lamar, Esq., New York, it being now altogether unsafe to transmit letters by those vessels or through that agency. This dispatch will be handed to you by Mr. James H. North, of the Confederate States Navy, whom, together with Mr. James D. Bulloch, I now introduce to you. These gentlemen proceed to Europe on important business of the Government, and you are requested to give them every aid in your power toward the accomplishment of the mission with which they are charged. They will inform you of the nature of their business and will also explain to you by what means this dispatch has been conveyed and how your reply can be safely trans- mitted to this department. I enclose you herewith (marked C) a copy of the tariff which was adopted on the 17th instant by the Congress. You will also find herewith (marked D) copies of the dispatches of the Secretary of the Treasury to the collectors of customs prohibit Page 214 214 LIST OF PAPERS. ing the seizure of merchant vessels of the enemy prior to the declara- tion of war. I remain , gentlemen, very respectfully, yours, R. TOOMBS. lion. WM. L. YANCEY, Hon. PIERRE A. iRosT, Hon. A. DUDLEY MANN, Commissioners of the Confederate States. No. 1.1 LONDON, hay 21, 1861. SIR: On the receipt of letters of credence to the various courts to which we have been commissioned we at once departed upon our mission and reached this city, Mr. Mann on the 15th and Messrs. Yancey and Rost, with the secretary to the commission, Mr. Fearn, on the 29th of April. On the 3d instant, through the kind offices of W. H. Gregory, Esq., M. P., we obtained an informal interview with her Majestys prin- cipal secretary of state for foreign affairs, Lord John iRiissefl. In that interview we informed his lordship that we had been duly accredited by the Government of the Confederate States of America as commissioners to the Government of her Majesty the Queen, etc., and should be ready at some proper moment to ask for a formal interview for the purpose of presenting our letters of credence, but that our object at present, if agreeable to him, was to have with him an informal interchange of views upon American affairs. His lordship replied that it would give him pleasure to hear what we had to communicate, though he should, under present circum- stances, have but little to say. Availing ourselves of this, we proceeded to state that Seven States, lately members of the Government of the United States of America, had withdrawn from that Government, revoking the p~~ei~s origi- nally granted to it (for certain defined purposes, within definite limits), and, in accordance with the great principles of self-govern- ment, had deliberately and in perfect order proceeded to alter their constitutions, and had formed a new government for their common purposes, styled the Confederate States of America. We further stated in this connection that the people had thrown off one Federal Gove~rnment and formed a new one, and put it into successful operation, without shedding a drop of blood, without vio~ lating a single private or public right, and that during the entire progress of these momentous events law and justice had been admin- istered in every department as usual, and commerce and all other industrial pursuits had been uninterrupted ; that while thus illus- trating our desire for the preservation of order and peace, we were prepared to maintain our independence. We undertook to answer an objection urged against this move- ment, that the people had violated the great principles of allegiance by showing from well-known historical facts that the independence and sovereignty of the original 13 States severally, and not the inde- pendence and sovereignty of the confederation under which these States were then united, had been recognized and acknowledged by Great Britain in the treaty of Paris; and that this great principl Page 215 LIST OF PAPERS. 215 was the key to a proper understanding of the Constitution of the late United States of America; and that the people of the several States forming the Confederate States of America had acted upon this principle and had not violated, but preserved, their allegiance to their several sovereigns, viz, to the respective States of which they were citizens. We also recited as fully as the character of such an interview would allow the causes which had led to this great movement, demon- strating, in our opinion, that the Southern States, forming the Con- federate States of America, had acted strictly in defense of their rights and liberties, and had at last withdrawn from the late Union upon the conviction not only that the Government of the United States no longer afforded security for their Federal rights as mem- bers of that Union but that it was to be used to invade rights and liberties which had been reserved by them as sovereign States when the Federal Constitution was framed. rihe facts and reasons tending to show the ability of the Confed- erate States to defend their position and the elements of permanency and great commercial success to be found in the people, their insti- tutions, climate, soil, and productions, were also dwelt upon. The disposition of our Government to act upon the defensive, and to cultivate peace and amity with the nations of the earth, were set before his lordship. We concluded the conversation upon our part by expressing a hope that the Government of Great Britain would find it to be not only for the benefit of industrial interests generally, but as tending to subserve the higher interests of peace, civilization, and constitu- tional government, that it should recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America at an early date. His lordship manifested much interest in the whole subject, mak- ing pertinent inquiries as the conversation proceeded, and replied thanking us for the facts which we had communicated to him, and said that the whole matter would be made a subject of cabinet con- sultation at as early a day as possible; that at present we would rec- ognize the propriety of his not expressing any opinion upon the matter. This concluded our interview. Since then one of the commission, Mr. Rost,after consultation and agreement as to its policy and pro- priety, has visited Paris, and had an interview with the Count de Morny, the confidential friend of the Emperor. In this interview the count said that France and England had agreed to pursue the same course toward us; that we need apprehend no unfriendly action on their part, and that our recognition was, in his opinion, a mere question of time. He added that I must be satisfied both nations understood their own interests, commercially and otherwise, and that nobody here believed in or desired the reconstruction of the ITnion on the old basis; but at the same time, he considered that it would be a fatal mistake to insist upon an immediate recognition during the war now in progress; both countries would be strictly neutral; both have recognized us as a belligerent power, and tIns informal recognition, coupled with the rights of neutrals under the law of nations as that law has been interpreted by the Government and courts of the United States, would be fully as effective as treaties in protecting us, and less embarrassing to European Governments Page 216 216 LIST 0F PAPERS. He further assured me that the French Government would always be ready to receive unofficially and to give due consideration to any suggestions we might deem it proper to make, provided strict se- crecy were maintained, and in the meantime, so long as we produced cotton for sale, France and England would see that their vessels reached the ports where it was to be had. We are satisfied that the public mind here is entirely opposed to the Government of the Confederate States of America on the ques- tion of slavery, an(l that the sincerity and universality of this feel- ing embarrasses the Government in dealing with the question of our reco onition. We are fully convinced, however, that the leading pub- lic men of all parties look to our recognition as certain, unless the fortune of war should be against us to such an extent as to destroy all reasonable hope of our permanency. In the House of Commons on the 6th instant Lord John Russell, in answer to a question of which notice had been given, said The Government had come to the opinion that the Southern Confederacy of America, according to thQse principles which seem to them to be just principles, must be treated as a belligerent. (See extract from the London Times of May 7, herewith transmitted.) These remarks appear to have given almost universal satisfaction to the intelligent men of the country, and both the Government and opposition parties cordially unite in commending the wisdom of the position thus taken. Since then an impoi-tant debate has taken place in the House of Lords, in which it was announced that the United States would not be allowed to treat privateers as pirates without bringing down upon them the in(limznant judgment of the civilized worl(l. Taking a view of the whole matter, we are of the opinion that neither .England nor France will recognize the independence of the Confederate States at present, but that England in reality is not averse to a disintegration of the United States, and both of these powers will act favorably toward us upon the first decided success which we may obtain. We acknowledge the receipt of your dispatches of the 2d and 22d and 26th of April (unnumbered). Her Majestys principal secretary of state for foreign affairs was absent at the (late of the receipt of the two last and is still absent. As soon as he returns we will ask an interview for the purpose of communicatino to him their contents in accor(lanee with the instruc- tions we have received. Our colleague, Judge IRost, is still in Paris. We have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servants, W. L. YANCEY. A. DUDLEY MANN. Hon. ROBEIrr Tooi~nus, etc. Enc1osuie~. I 1. Extract from Times, May 7. Remarks of Lor(l John Russell, recognizing the Confederacy [asi a belligerent power. 2. Extract. May 16. Debate in the House of Lords on privateer- ing. 3. Proclamation of H. B. M. the Queen Page 217 LIST OF PAPERS. 217 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, illontgomery, May ~2, 1861. SIR: You are hereby furnished with a letter of introduction to Governor Vidaurri, which you are commissioned to deliver as speedily as possible. The principal object of your mission is to assure the governor that it is the wish of this Government to maintain the most friendly inter- course with the people of Mexico, to prevent border raids and lawless invasions of the soil of Mexico by our citizens, but that we require that this friendly disposition be reciprocated by the Government and citizens of the northern Provinces of Mexico. Hitherto we have had just reasons to complain of the outrages committed by Mexican citizens against the persons and property of the citizens of Texas. It is now reported that these lawless expeditions are about to be renewed, and it is to urge on Governor Vidaurri to prevent this dis- turbance of the peace and violation of law that you are specially sent to him by this Department. This Government would discountenance in the most positive manner all attempts by citizens of the Confed- erate States to foment civil discord in any of the States of Mexico for any purpose whatever. It is our interest and our purpose to cultivate peaceful relations with our neighbors, but our neighbors must evince a similar disposition toward us. You will therefore represent to Governor Vidaurri in terms of kindness, but with firm- ness, the necessity that he shall take active steps to defeat expeditions planned within his jurisdiction against our citizens, and that should he fail to do so this Government in the discharge of its duty to pro- tect its own people will be compelled, however reluctantly, to use its power to punish the invaders and guard against the recurrence. of similar acts of violence. Your compensation for the duty thus entrusted to you has been fixed at the rate of $~00 per month, and you are herewith furnished with the sum of $300, or six weeks salary, within which time it is expecte(1 that you will have discharged the trust and have reported the result to this Department. I am, sir, etc., IR. ToO1~vLBS. J. A. QUINTERO, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, May ~2, 1861. EXCELLENCY: Animated by an earnest desire to preserve the most friendly and peaceful relations between the people of the Confed- erate States of America and those of Mexico, I have charged J. A. Quintero, Esq., to proceed immediately to the seat of your Govern- ment to assure you of the amicable disposition of the people of the Confederate States toward those of Mexico and of their anxiety to maintain with them terms of friendship and good neighborhood. Although an accredited political agent of the Confederate States has been sent to the City of Mexico, I have thought it proper, owing to the distance of your residence from that city and the absence of speedy and constant communications with the central Government, to send you this special message Page 218 218 LIST OF PAPERS. It is credibly reported to this Government that evil-disposed Mexi- can citizens residing within the limits of your jurisdiction have planned predatory expeditions against the citizens of the State of Texas. I feel assured that it is only necessary to bring this fact to your notice to ensure the employment by you of all the means in your power to prevent any such invasion of the soil of the Confed- erate States, the detection and punishment of the offenders, and the adoption of effective measures to defeat all attempts to violate the laws and disturb the peace of the Confederate States by Mexican citizens. The Government of the Confederate States will use every effort to ensure the maintenance of peace on the borders by enforcing on its citizens the strict observance of the obligations of international law and the duties of good neighborhood, and expect that your Excellency will be equally vh4lant. Mr. Quintero, who possesses my confidence and is possessed of the views of this Government, will explain to you more fully the purposes ~or which he is sent to your Excellency. I avail myself of this occasion to convey to you the assurance of my high consideration. I am, sir, etc., R. TOOMBS. To his Excellency General VIDAURRI, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Mexican Province of New Leon, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, May 22, 1861. SIR: Mr. J. A. Quintero has been this day appointed agent and special messenger of this department to Governor Vidaurri at a salary of $200 per month. You will order a draft to be prepared in his favor for $300 as an advance on account of salary. I am, sir, etc., W. M. BROWNE, As8istant Secretary. W. F. ALEXANDER, Esq., Disbursing Clerk, etc. No. 6.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Montgomery, May 24, 1861. GENTLEMEN: I have to inform you that the Congress which as- sembled in extraordinary session on the 29th ultimo, adjourned on the 21st instant, to meet at the city of Richmond on the 20th July next. It is the unanimous desire of the people of the Confederate States that the President shall assume the chief direction of the military operations in the field, and shall proceed for that purpose to Virginia, which is the piincipal theater of those operations at present. In consequence of this action on the part of Congress, and in com- pliance with the popular desire, the President has resolved to remove to Virginia, and the Executive Departments of the Government will necessarily accompany him Page 219 LIST OF PAPERS. 219 liv my last dispatch (No. 5) I intimated to you my conviction that the State of North Carolina would immediately, on the assembling of her convention on the 20th instant, pass an ordinance dissolving her union with the United States and would unite herself to the Con- federate States. The result has proved that my confidence was well placed. On the 21st instant, by a unanimous vote of the convention she seceded from the late Federal Union, adopted the Constitution of the Confederate States, and resolved to furnish $3,000,000 for the common defense against the enemy. I am, etc., R. TOOMBS. Hon. WM. L. XANCEY, lion. PIERRE A. RosT, Hon. A. DUDLEY MANN, Commissioners of the Confederates States, etc. No. 2.] LONDON, June 1, 1861. SIR: On the 21st instant we sent a dispatch by Mr. C. H. Morgan, detailing the progress we had made in our mission to that date. It may, however, have been intercepted and we will briefly recapitulate its contents. The commission had an informal interview with Lord John Russell on the 3d instant (?).,in which its credentials were stated, and the rise and formation of the Government of the Confederate States of America, and the causes to it were reviewed; the elements of its permanency and strength were descanted upon and its desire to form peaceful relations with the world was declared. His lordship gave marked attention to this statement, making some enquiries as to points bearing upon the permanency of the new Government, and upon the great question of neutral rights, which the commission an- swered by facts showing the physical, military, and commercial re- sources of the Confederate States, and answering that it would be the policy of our Government to recognize neutral rights and property as fully as the most liberal nation could desire. His lordship prom- ised to lay the matter before the ministry and the interview termi- nated. The dispatches from the Department of State of April 22, 26, and 29 were duly received. The commission again had an interview with Lord John Russell, her Majestys principal secretary of state for foreign affairs, in which the dispatch of the 28th was read to him, and a copy of the dispatch and Presidents message at the con- vening of the extra session of Congress were left with his lordship. The secretary manifested considerable interest at the recital of the conduct of the Government of the United States to the commis- sioners of the Confederate States at Washington, and said that the Government of Great Britain desired to communicate with the Gov- eminent of the ITnited States and at Montgomery with reference to the declaration of Paris upon the questions of blockade, of neutral rights and especially as to the freedom of neutral goods in enemies~ ships, and as to letters of marque. His lordship further said that all these questions, including the question of the independence of the Confederate States, would be made by the British Government mat Page 220 220 LIST OF PAPERS. ters of consideration and communication with the powers of Europe, and in the meantime he could not answer us that the time between this and the answer to our claim to recognition would be short. Our opinion is that the British cabinet have no settled policy as to the recognition of our Government; that they will adhere to their declaration recognizing the Confederate States as belligerents, but will postpone a decision as to a recognition of the independence of those States as long as possible, at least until some decided advan- tage is obtained by them or the necessity for having cotton becomes pressing. The public journals have been growing more favorable to our cause, and public opinion, we have reason to believe, is more en- lightened upon the nature of the contest than formerly. The dispatches of Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton and the letter and speeches of Cassius M. Clay have materially injured the cause of the United States and proportionately benefited that of the Govern- inent of the Confederate States. The opinion is general, however, that the North is too strong for the South, and that by blockade and armies the South will probably be overcome, and as long as this may be within probabilities England should not recognize the independ- ence of our Government. One of the commissioners (P. A. Rost), it was thought best, should proceed to Paris and, as far as possible, in an informal and quiet way sound the disposition of the French Government. He has returned, and the result of his enquiries and observations is that there exists an understanding between this Government and that of France to cooperate in their policy upon American affairs. This has been confirmed by what we have learned here. The exact nature and extent of that understanding we have not as yet ascer- tained. The opinions of the French people and of the Government, as far as could be learned, are considered to be quite favorable to our cause. The public journals are generally favorable. The anti- slavery sentiment is weak and not active in Paris. The Imperialists we considered as not averse to see a division of the late United States, while large numbers of the red Republicans and Orleanists view it in an unfavorable light as destroying a naval power which they had looked to as a counterpoise to that of Great Britain. But however favorable French views may be considered to be in some respects, all seem to concur in the opinion that France does not wish to be pressed to recognize the Confederate States at present. Advocates of the cause of the United States have been active in their attempts to influence public opinion here by speeches and letters published in the daily journals. The effect has been most decidedly to injure that cause and to excite British antagonism. This has been so evidently the case that the commission has thus far studiously avoided public discussions and they believe that their conduct has met with public approval, thongh it may yet be considered politic, to place the cause of the South before the European world in a temper- ate and well considered manner. The commission suggests that letters of credence from the Presi- dent to the Queen of Spain be sent to them, as they may find it ver Page 221 LIST OF PAPERS. 221 important to open communications with that power, and indeed, from matters within their knowledge, think it to be so at this time. We are, very respectfully, your obedient servants, W. L. YANCEY. P. A. RosT. A. DUDLEY MANN. Hon. ROBERT TOoi~LBs, Secretary of State of the ton federate States of America. PARIS, FRANCE, June 10, 1861. SIR: Since our last dispatch, number two, the motion (by Mr. Gregory) in the House of Commons, that the independence of the Confederate States be recognized by England, was taken up on 7th instant, and at request of the secretary of state for foreign affairs and the representatives from Manchester, Liverpool, and others, was withdrawn. The reasons for this course were that the consideration of the motion would give rise to debate in which great acerbity would be manifested; that parties would form upon it, and that these things would prevent the Government from acting impartially when the proper moment for action should arise. Our opinion is that the Government of England simply waits to see which shall prove strongest, and that it is sincere in its expressed design to be neutral. From our intercourse with people here, whose opinions are en- titled to weight, we are of the opinion that France will pursue the same policy; observing a strict neutrality, and awaiting the exhibi- tion of sufficient consistency, in our internal affairs, and strength to maintain our position, to justify a recognition. At the same time, we believe that whenever England and France shall come to the conclusion that the North and South are irrecon- cilably separated, they will be easily satisfied as to our ability to maintain our position, and that when the cotton crop is ready for market, their necessities will force them to conclusions favorable to the South. All that we can do at present is to affect public opinion in as unob- trusive a manner, as well as we can, and to await some favorable event which shall enable us to press the consideration of the recognition of the Confederate States upon both England and France. We are fully satisfied that our interviews with Lord John Russell have been officially communicated to the Government of France. Lieutenant Bulloch arrived in London about the 4th instant. Respectfully, your obedient servants, W. L. YANCEY. P. A. RosT. Hon. ROBERT TooixrBs, Secretany of State of the Confederate States, etc. No. 3.1 LONDON, July 15, 1861. 5i~: We are in receipt of your dispatches numbered 5 and 6, to-. gether with the documents therein referred to. We are happy to announce the safe arrival of Lieutenants North and Bulloch and of Captain Huse, who had arrived some time pr Page 222 222 LIST OF PAPERS. vionsly. All of these officers have communicated with the com- mission. Since the date of our dispatch No. 2 Mr. IRost has obtained an informal interview with M. Thouvenel, the French minister for foreign affairs. In that interview, as we are informed by our col- league, MI. Thouvenel expressed a sincere desire to see peace estab- lished between the belligerent powers in America; that France con- curred with the other powers in Europe in ~)reserving a strict neu- trality as to the present contest; that the French consuls throughout the South had assured the Imperial Government that the Southern people were united in maintaining the Government of the Confed- erate States; and that there was no disturbance of the labor of the cotton States by the war. Our colleague did not deem it proper to press the question of recoornit ion upon the minister at that interview. Another member of the commission, Mr. Yancey, was in Paris at this time, having arrived after Mr. iRost had arranged for the interview with M. Thouvenel. His opinion as ,to the disposition of the French Gov- ernment toward the Confederate States is that the Emperor looks upon European policy to be of more importance to France at this time than American; that the Imperial Government has no feeling upon the subject, and is in perfect understanding with the Govern- ment of her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, and will leave the decision of the question in the hands of the British Cabinet, and coincide with it unless some unforeseen event shall disturb the ami- cable relations between the two Governments. From information derived from very reliable sources we are of the opinion that the Governments of Spain, Belgium, and Denmark entertain toward the Confederate States the most friendly feeling, ~nd are ready to recognize their independence as soon as either England or France shall determine to do so, but in deference to those great powers will not take the initiative. We are satisfied that our cause is slowly though surely gaining ground in England, although information of movements in the North and South is derived solely from Northern journals. The public mind here seems to be fully impressed with the falsity of Northern journalism and receives its statements with much allowance. We are satisfied that the Government is. sincere in its desire to be strictly neutral in the contest and will not countenance any vio- lation of its neutrality. The best-informed Englishmenand we think that the opinion is decidedly the prevailing onewhile deny- ing the right of secession and being divided on the question of there being sufficient justifying cause for the movement, seem to agree that the great principle underlying the contest, and by which it iiidoed is that of self-~overnm should be ~ ent, an(l that, lookinr at the contest from this point of view, 11 great united States have the right to throw off the power of a union which they think is used to their injury and to form a new confederacy, and that to resist the exercise of this right by arms is to deny the truth of the Declaration of Independence of 1776. Public opinion here as to the power of the North to overcome the South has undergone a considerable change. While it may not be considered as unanimous, yet we are satisfied that it is now th Page 223 LIST OF PAPERS. 223 decidedly prevailing impression in the governing circle that it is folly to think that the North can subdue the South. The former opinion that there was a considerable party in the Confederate States anxious for a reconstruction of the late Union has given way before the march of events and has been abandoned. In consequence there is now a universal desire to see an early peace established between the two sections, and that England, when occasion offers, should tender her mediation. We are more fully satisfied of the correctness of the opinion ad- vanced in our previous dispatches that the question of the recogni- tion of the independence of the Confederate States is considered, both here and on the Continent, as but a question of time. The unity of our population in favor of the Confederate Government having been satisfactorily established, taken in connection with the recognized wisdom and vigor of statesmanship displayed by the pub- lic men who conduct it, has led to this result. The conduct of Mr. Seward and of the diplomatic representatives of the Government of the United States has been considered of- feiisive, as we learn, both here and in France. We have good reason to believe that the relations between Mr. Adams and the British cabinet are not altogether amicable or satisfactory to either, and that, both in his diplomatic and social relations, Mr. Adams is con- sidered a blunderer. Our own course here has been dictated by the most anxious desire to allow the blunders of our enemies to have full effect on the public mind, and not to divert attention from them by any public move- ments, which would at once have become the object of attack and criticism on the part of Northern emissaries. We are fully satis- fied that this course has met with eminent success, and is duly ap- preci ated in quarters where we desire to make a favorable impres- sion. We have, however, not been inactive, but have endeavored to inspire correct views of the course of the Confederate States in the minds of persons who, from their position and intelligence, we thought would be most likely to bring to bear a favorable influence on the British cabinet. As soon as a favorable military event is officially announced to us, we expect to demand an official recognition of our presence here as commissioners and to push the question of the recognition of our Government to a (letermination. If such an event does not occur, we are satisfied that we can not expect this before the cotton is picked and the supply of that article here is exhausted and no other means of replenishing it can be found than through treaties with the Con- federate States. One other cause of delay in our recognition is to be found, we think, in the position of the two great parties here. They are nearly balanced, and any move of the cabinet on that question, for or against us, unless in perfect concert, might well be seized upon by the oppo- sition as the means of overthrowing it. Parliament will be prorogued on the 10th proximo, to meet again in February next. ~ consider it fortunate that the British cabinet will then have to deal with the question without fear of parliamentary inquiry or discussion at the time Page 224 224 LiST QF PAPERS. We have maturely considered the question of the issuance of let- ters of marque. In your dispatch No. 5, of May 18, is the following: In case you find that those Governments are earnestly opposed to your issuing the commissions within their limits, and that your in- fluence and position would be compromised or lessened thereby, you will decline to receive any application which may be made to you for letters of marque and reprisal and not use the commissions sent you herewith. Under these instructions we do not conceive we have any discre- tion. We are perfectly satisfied that to issue them would be very offensive to the British Government, and would not only compromise and lessen our influence and position but would subject all parties concerned in doing so to criminal prosecution. We shall therefore decline to issue any such commissions here until we are advised of a change in the disposition of this Government. In order to convey to the Government a better idea of public opinion here, as far as public journals indicate it, we forward with this dispatch editorials of different dates by leading journalists. Not a Southern newspaper is now received in England. We sug- gest that files of one of the leading papers at Richmond, Charleston, and New Orleans be kept and foi~warded to the commission as often as opportunity offers. The British and French Governments are kept well informed of events by their consuls and ministers, and it is evident that the com- mission must be at much disadvantage in communicating with those Governments if in ignorance of occurrences at home. We further suggest that the commission be kept fully informed of every fact connected with the blockades; of the ports blockaded and the force before each; of those no~t blockaded; of violations of the blockade; of captures made by the blockading squadrons. The blockade ques- tion we consider to be the great lever which will eventually decide the relations between Europe and the South. We suggest also that the commission b~ kept fully informed of military events, successful or otherwise, that will affect the public mind here. The Northern journals, we have no doubt, will conceal as far as possible our successes and their defeats. In dispatch No. 5 we are instructed as follows: As it is of the utmost importance that there should be frequent and secure com- munication between your commission and this Department, you will take measures t6 arrange some plan by which you may regularly transmit your dispatches. You will be careful, however, not to send any dispatches through the mail, by the regular mail steamers, destined to Northern l)Orts, nor under cover to G. B. Lamar, Esq., New York, it being now altogether unsafe to transmit letters by those vessels or through that agency. The commission was fully aware of the great importance of secure communication between it and the Department, and suggested to the Secretary of State, before its departure from Montgomery, that it should have the power to employ messengers. But this was perhaps properly deemed by the Secretary too expensive a mode of communi- cation, except to announce the fact of recognition or of a treaty made. Not a dollar has been furnished to the commission for secret service or for any public service, and no plan suggests itself to th Page 225 LIST OF PAPERS. 225 commission by which it can carry out the views of the Department lfl this particular that does not involve the outlay of money which it is not in the power of the commission to command. If we might be allowed, however, to suggest a plan, it would be this, viz, that the Government employ a resident agent upon its frontier, and an- other at some proper point in Canada, and that every week, or every fortnight, or as often as occasion requires, a messenger should carry dispatches over the interme(liate country, both to and from the com- mission. This will be attended with some risk and expense, but it must be conceded that communication across a hostile country can only be carried on by incurring both. VVe have the honor to be, sir, your very obedient servants, W. L. YANCEY. A. DUDLEY MANN. Hon. ROBERT TOOMBS, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, July 22, 1861. SIR: You have been appointed by the President special agent of the Confederate States in the Spanish, British, and Danish Islands of the West Indies, and you will find herewith your commission, a letter of introduction to the captain general of Cuba, and a special passport for yourself and family. You will proceed to your desti- nation with all convenient dispatch and use the means at your dis- posal to put yourself in communication with the supreme authorities in such of those islands as you may deem it proper or expedient to visit in discharge of your official duties. You will state to the authorities of Cuba, which island you will first visit, that 11 of the States formerly composing the United States of America have dis- solved their connection with the late Federal Union and have formed for themselves a separate and independent Government as the only means of preserving unimpaired their rights of property and of securing their domestic happiness and tranquillity; that they are resolved at all hazards to maintain their national independence, and that they possess abundant moral and physical strength for that purpose. You will inform his Excellenc~y, the captain general of Cuba, that it is the sincere desire of the Government and people of the Confederate States that the most friendly commercial intercourse should be established and extended with the inhabitants of that island. Besides the usual beneficial results that attend the cultivation of friendly relations between neighboring countries, there are special reasons why such relations should be established between that island and the Confederate States on the firmest and most enduring basis. The Confederate States embrace an immense agricultural region devoted to the growth of cotton and to almost every important cereal; they have also within their limits extensive forests, which produce lumber, tar, and turpentine, and are therefore able to supply the inhabitants of Cuba on advantageous terms with numerous com- modities that enter into the ordinary daily consumption of that island. On the other hand, the fruits, sugar, molasses, and tobacco, l76429022voL 31 Page 226 226 LIST OF PAPERS. together with other articles, the growth and manufacture of that island, will find a sure and profitable market at our ports, burdened with no heavy taxation for revenue or other purposes. With such facilities for commercial intercourse as result from our moderate tariff system and our close proximity to each other, the trade between the two countries may be almost indefinitely extended, with constantly increasing advantages to both. If you should discover that any apprehension exists in the minds of the people of Cuba of a design on the part of this Government to attempt the acquisition of that island in any manner, whether by purchase or otherwise, you will leave no efforts untried to remove such erroneous belief. It is the policy of the Government of the Con- federate States that Cuba shall continue to be a colonial possession of Spain. It is true that, during the existence of the late Federal Union, there were persons in the Southern States who favored the acquisi- tion of that island as a means of rendering their political power more nearly equal to that of the Northern States. But it is not less true that, since our separation, the desire thus entertained has given place to a sincere wish that politically the two countries may exist sepa- rately but bound together in the firmest manner by the most friendly and unlimited commercial intercourse. Of such a wish, on the part of both the Government and people of the Confederate States, meas- ures have already been taken to advise the proper authorities of Spain. It will be one of the duties of your mission to convey to this de- partment timely information of all articles for sale in the Island of Cuba which you may deem of value or importance to the Govern- ment at this juncture of its affairs. In visiting such other islands of the Spanish, British, and Danish West Indies as you may deem expedient, you will keep steadily in view the chief object of your mis- sion, the establishment and cultivation of friendly commercial rela- tion with them, and you will use such arguments and make such rep- resentations as in your judgment will be best calculated to promote that end. You will correspond frequently with our commissioners in Europe, if opportunity shall permit, communicating to them all the information of an interesting, reliable nature which may come to your knowledge relative to our public affairs, and promptly for- ward to this department all the dispatches received from them, in both cases selecting a sure and safe channel of communication. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., R TOOMUS, Secretary of State. CHARLES J. HELM, etc. No.4.] MEXICO, July ~8, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I have succeeded in establishing friendly and confidential relations with Mr. de Zama- cona, the new minister of foreign affairs, and but for the unhappy condition of this Government (a new revolution being about to burst upon it. the English and French ministers having suspended diplomatic relations, etc.) would feel confident, by this time, of having accomplished all the material objects of my mission. I Page 227 LIST OF PAPERS. 227 my next I will give you a detailed account of all that has transpired since my No. 3, and hope to report further progress. An express being about to leave for Vera Cruz to communicate with steamer for Havana, I must be brief on this occasion. I send these dispatches to the care of C. C. Markoe, Esq., of Vera Cruz,in the hope that he will be able to forward them in such man- ner as to insure their reaching your hands with speed and in safety. Dispatches under cover to Mr. Markoe would reach me. Once at Havana and placed in the hands of the agent of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company they would be safe. Or any British consul in the Confederate States might be induced to forward them under cover to British legation or consulate at this capital. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN T. PICKETT Hon. ROBERT TooMBs, Secretary of State of the Confederate State8 of America No. 7.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, July 29, 1861. GENTLEMEN: It affords me extreme pleasure to announce to you in my first official communication the glorious victory achieved by our Army over the forces of the United States, on Sunday, the 21st instant, at Manassas, in this State. The United States forces, com- puted at 60,000 men, commenced the attack along our entire line about 6 oclock in the morning; and after a fierce contest, which lasted 10 hours, the enemy was completely routed, with a loss of 15,000 in killed wounded, and missing. All his artillery, ammuni- tion, and provisions were captured, together with 2,500 prisoners, several regimental standards, and a flag of the United States. Our Army was commanded by Generals Beauregard and Johnston, and during the latter part of the action the President of the Con- federate States was present in person. The main attack was directed against the left of our Army, which was commanded by General Joseph Johnston, and consisted of about 15,000 men, of all arms. The force of the enemy at this point is computed to have been fully 35,000, among whom were some of the picked corps of the Regular Army of the United States. It is impossible, in the absence of the official account of the battle, to give you an accurate and detailed description of it, but you will perceive from the dispatches sent to the War Department on the night of the battle, from the account published by the newspaper press, and from the admissions of the enemys papers, copies of which we here enclose, that our victory was complete, and that the enemys defeat was most disastrous. 1his great military success has been hailed with universal joy by the people of the Confederate States. It has inspired the bold defenders of the countrys freedom and honor with renewed courage and vigor; it has removed the fears of the timid; it has silenced the voice of the feeble minority which existed in one or two of the Confederate States that still clung to the Federal Union as a compact which it was desirable to maintain; and it has proved beyond a doubt to all that the Confederate States can and will maintain their independence and successfully resist th Page 228 228 LIST OF PAPERS. efforts of the United States Government to compel them by force to submit again to a political union with the North. For weeks previous to the battle of Manassas the Northern press teemed with boastful assurances of the vast superiority of the Federal Army over that of the Confederate States. It was urged that the military authorities should attack us at once and press on to Richmond ; that the Army of the United States had but to come and see and conquer; and that our Army would dis appear before it from fear to engage an adversary so superior in number, discipline, and equipment. The result has proved how delusive was their confidence in their superiority and in our weakness. The Executive Departments with their archives, pursuant to a resolution of Congress approved May 21, having been removed from Montgomery to this city, were opened here for the transaction of business on the 15th of June. It affords me gratification to inform you that since the date of the last dispatch sent by the Department both Virginia and Tennessee have been duly admitted members of the Confederacy, and its laws extend over them as fully and completely as over the other States composing the same. The ordinance of secession adopted by the convention of Virginia on the 17th of April last was submitted to the popular vote of that Commonwealth on the 30th of the follow- ing month, and sustained by a majority of more than 00,000 (?) In Tennessee the question of separation and adoption of the Constitu- tion for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, pro- posed by the. general assembly of the States for submission to the people, was on the 8th ultimo decided in the affirmative by a majority of over 60,000. This near approach to unanimity of sentiment amongst the qualified voters of these two States has fully met the expectations of the most sanguine friends of our cause, and confirmed the worst fears of its enemies. The occupation of Missouri and Maryland by the United States troops, and the forcible disarming of their citizens by the direction of the authorities at Washington, have thus far, it seems, rendered impracticable for those States finally to sever their connection with the late Federal Union or maintain their sovereignty inviolate. The very presence, however, of those troops, and the many acts of outrage perpetrated by them upon the unarmed. people of those States, have aroused a spirit of indignation and resistance against their oppres- sors, and they only await a favorable moment to rise in their strength and force the invaders from their soil. As one of the many acts of outrage complained of, and one that will appeal most forcibly to the sympathy and understanding of every free people, I would here refer to the right claimed and exer- cised by the President of the United States not Qnly to suspend the writ of habeas corpus himself, at his discretion, but to delegate that arbitrary power to a military officer and leave to the latter the option of obeying judical process that may be served upon him. The eminent and venerable Chief Justice Taney, of the United States Supreme Court, whose purity of character and whose great legal ability are acknowledged by all, has in a recent decision [ex parte of Jno. Merryman] clearly exposed the unconstitutionality o Page 229 LIST OF PAPERS. 229 the proceedings, and has judicially declared that obedience to the writ would in that instance have been enforced, if it were not certain that the posse summoned to enforce it would be resisted by military force. Already the governor of Missouri, incited by repeated acts of wanton aggression upon the citizens of his State, has issued a procla- mation inviting 50,000 of her citizens to arm themselves and expel the Federal troops from her boundaries; and there is good reason to hope that this object will be speedily attained. In Maryland resolutions were adopted at the recent session of her legislature instructing the Representatives from that State to the United States Congress that assembled at Washington on the 4th instant to vote for the prompt recognition of the independence of the Confederate States. Your dispatch of May 21, No. 1, and those of June 1 and May 10, both unnumbered, have been received and communicated to the President. I see no reason to make any change in the instructions which you have already received from this Department. The pur- pose and general policy of the Government of the Confederate States remain unchanged. I have not cwelt upon the questions at issue between this Government and that of the United States, but have simply desired to furnish you with such facts and events of recent date as are deemed of interest. I am, gentlemen, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. M. T. HUNTER. Hon. WM. L. XANCEY~ Hon. P. A. RosT, Hon. A. D. MANN, (Jommissioners of the Confederate States, etc. No. 4.] LONDON, Angust 1, 1861. SiR: The means of sending our last dispatch, No. 3, dated 15th July, having unexpectedly failed, and an opportunity offering at this time which we deem to be reliable, we avail ourselves of it to a(ld that since that date nothing has occurred here or in France to alter the views therein expressed. We are confirmed in the opinion that upon the question of neutrality both the English and French Governments are firiii and sincere in the stand they have taken, and that they will recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America as soon as the inability of the Government of the United States to subdue them is manifested on the field. The probabilities of a reconstruction of the Union have out- weighed, in the view of these Governments, the wisdom, energy, and completeness of the Government which the Southern States have erected in lieu of the late Union. We have reason to believe that the antislavery sentiment so uni- versally prevalent here no longer interferes with a proper judgment of this contest, and that now its diplomatic solution will depend purely upon the question of the ability of the Confederate States to maintain the Government they have instituted. We have reason to believe that the blockade is watched closely and with an increasing interest by this Government, and that the most rigid interpretation of international law will be applied to its con- sideration Page 230 280 LIST OF PAPERS. We have good reason to think that in the French Cabinet, at least, there is a disposition to take the ground that when a nation blockades its own ports, that nation must invest such ports both by land and sea before it can exclude neutral commerce and establish an effectual blockade. We have information which we deem reliable that this Govern- ment has sent out to its squadron on the American coast a number of Confederate State flags. The commission has felt almost daily the want of contingent funds and even of authority to employ and send dispatches by special paid agents. It has no authoritative information of affairs in the Confederate States since your dispatch No. 6, and all our sources of information are the New York and Baltimore papers. The diplomatic representatives of the United States, we have every reason to believe, have a large contingent fund, which is freely used in obtaining information of the movements of every agent or friend of the Confederate States; and this, in addition to their being representatives of a recognized Government, with high salaries and distinguished position, places the agents of the Confederate States here at great disadvantage. Great as those disadvantages and embarrassments are, however, we have some reason to believe that the greatly altered and more favorable tone of public sentiment, both here and in France, has been in some measure owing to our exertions. So satisfied have we been that both the English and French Gov- ernments entertain decided views upon the question of recognition of the Confederate States of America.only to be affected by military events in Virginia, that we have felt it to be useless and unwise to press that issue further than we have already done until some event decidedly favorable to the Confederate cause shall have hap - pened. When we receive properly authenticated information of such an event we shall press for a decision upon that question. In the meantime we shall not relax our exertions to keep the public mind and this Government properly informed as to the true char- acter of the issues involved in this great contest, and of the advan- tages of an early recognition of the Confederate States. Our colleague, Mr. IRost, is yet in Paris. We have the honor to be, sir, your very obedient servant~s, W. L. YANCEY. A. DUDLEY MANN. Hon. ROBERT TooMBs, etc. CHARLESTON, S. C., August 3, 1861. DEAR SIR: I arrived here yesterday, and communicated to the consuls of England and France the result of my visit, at which they represent their great gratification. I informed them that while the President did not decline to receive their communication, he was disappointed that their Governments should have adopted so irreg- ular a mode of communication, especially as the importance of th Page 231 LIST OF PAPERS. 231 subject matter was the strongest proof of the necessity of placing the relations of the Governments upon a regular and recognized policy, and that even if there was reason under present circumstances for such informal communication he was disappointed that his repre- sentatives, who were accredited though not recognized in England and France. were not made the channel of such communication. I then stated the nature of the action taken, the character of the resolutions, etc., and added that, while willing to manifest his re- spect for the maritime law of the world, the President did not feel that England and France were acting in conformity with the spirit of these articles while they excluded our prizes from their ports, for such an expulsion was impartial only in appearance, and also that he hoped that the same anxiety which led to the desire on their part for the accession of the Confederate States to these principles would induce them to watch with the utmost strictness the violation of the rule in relation to blockade by the United States. In reply to their inquiry as to the responsibility of the Government with regard to privateers, I said I had no authority to say more than the instruc- tions to our privateers contained, in a spirit the most considerate to neutrals, and that the character and conduct of the Confederate States were the only guarantees and the best; that the Government would do its duty in reference to them, and I furnished them copies ~of the instructions. The English consul showed me this morning the copy of the dis- patch which would be sent separately but identically to their Gov-, ernments, in which the points stated above a~e already explained. The language as to the blockade was even stronger than I had sug- gested, stating that the President confidently expected that the principle accepted would be vigorously applied to the United States. Mr. Bunch also expressed the hope of the Confederate Government that the policy of excluding our prizes would be reconsidered. After the conversation was over I asked the French consul if he felt authorized to tell me whether or not Mr. St. Andr& ~, his suc- cessor, was instructed to apply for his exequatur at Washington. Mr. St. Andr6, who was present, said I was at liberty to inform you unofficially that he had not done so, and had purposely avoided going to Washington on his way south, so as not to have the ques- tion made there; that he had come here directly, and would wait here, he supposed~ until it was time to ask the exequatur from the Gov- ernment. This is very nearly his answer in words, and I think it quite as precise as I had a right to expect. I have no idea of his applying elsewhere for his exequatur. Mr. Bunch informed me that he had forwarded the most minute information to Lord John Rus- sell (sending duplicates to Admiral Milne) of the condition of the blockade in North and South Carolina ports, showing that it was utterly and ludicrously ineffectual, that, for example, 95 ships had entered the North Carolina ports since the declaration. He also said that if you saw fit to require your collector to furnish you with a history of the blockade at each port he could forward such a summary privately to Lord John Russell. Such a history you might embody in a dispatch to our commissioners and send him a copy, which would be transmitted Page 232 232 LIST OF PAPERS. The dispatches from the consuls will l)e sent as soon as they ob- tain copies of the resolutions. Yours, very truly and respectfully, WILLIAM HENRY TREscoT. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, etc. Burch showed me a letter from Russell, the correspondent of the Times, written just after the Battle of Manassas, at which he was present. He says: It was the most dastardly, cowardly, and ruf- flanly rout I ever witnessed. LONDON, 40 ALBEMARLE STREET, Aug a8t 3, 1861. M~ DEAR SIR: Dispatches from the commission went off to you yesterday. They may be a long time, however, in reaching their destination. I avail myself again of writing to you (through the safe channel, as I conceive it to be) through which my last was con- veyed to you, dated 27th ultimo. The Scott-Seward-Lincoln concern expect to raise $10Q,000,000 in this money market. I regard it as a paramount object that the loan shall be defeated; and to this end I have been incessantly engaged during this week. Belmont arrived just after I closed my letter to you, and Sherman is expected by the Boston steamer, which is due to-day. They are supposed to be intrusted with the negotiation. I believe they will fail in their mission. The newspaper press is ar- raying itself against the lending of a dollar to the North for the prosecution of the war. The financial editor of the Times expresses himself with great force upon the subject; and in such matters he is the very highest authority. I enclose you Mr. Gregorys question to Lord Palmerston. If the Washington usurpers find that they can not borrow money in Europe they will necessarily have to contract their operations in the field. It will be difficult ,if not impossible, for them to realize large amounts at home. Their plan is to secure $100,000,000 here ,asum ample, as they believe, to bring the South to terms. If we thwart this plan I shall consider that we have rendered a valuable service to our country. Our Government, I am almost certain, is embarrassed for the want of means, but it must struggle along for 90 days as it best can. At the expiration of that time, or before, England and France will contrive to obtain our cotton, and other products. The question of supply becomes more important every day. The stock is rapidly diminishing. The export demand for the Continent steadily in- creases. The situation is beginning to be alarmingly grave. Parliament is as good as adjourned. It will hold its last session on Monday. I am looking every minute for telegraphic dates from New York to the 25th ultimo. A battle seemed inevitable somewhere about the Manassas Junction, on the 21st, according to our accounts, which are invariably one-sided. Can you not manage to send a dispatch to New York and Boston once a week, for transmission to us? Renter has entire control of the telegraph in this metropolis, for the newspapers of all Europe Page 233 LIST OF PAPERS. 233 I have had two interviews with him during the last week. He is not only willing but anxious to furnish his correspondents, everywhere with the latest reliable intelligence from both sides, South as well as North. The modus operandi would be this: That you should employ a strictly trustworthy individual to prepare a short state- ment of the most important occurrences, and transmit it per Cunard steamer to us, under cover to MIver, agent Cunard Packets, Queenstown, Ireland.~~ Reuter will give him directions to telegraph the contents to us the moment the steamer touches at that place. If it were deemed important to communicate twice a week, then a dis- patch might be sent to Joseph Sharpe, Southampton, England. The steamers which touch at that place carry the United States mails and leave New York every Saturday. I make these suggest ions for your consideration. We suffer in Europe from the false statements which are furnished in the North for dissemination on this side of the Atlantic. The injury which we sustain can be effectively counteracted in the manner which I have indicated. Both MJver and Sharpe are the paid confidential agents of Reuter. A gentleman arrived here yesterday who left New Orleans on the 8th. He bringsjoyous intelligence of the exalted state of patriotism in the Confederate States, ~nd of the general condition of affairs within their embrace. With such a cause, and such a fiendish enemy to battle with, the word impossible is nowhere to be found in our public vocabulary. Ever your friend, A. DUDLEY MANN. Hon. ROBERT TOOMBS. [Finelosure. I SATURDAY~ Augu8t 37 p.m. I have kept this open to the very last moment for the closing of the post. The New York Herald of the 20th contained numerous extracts from the New Orleans True Delta which are of a most hurtful char- acter to our cause. They abound with moral treason sentiments, affording aid and comfort~ to our enemy. Is there no way to silence, at so eventful a period, such mendacious and malignant journals? They do more harm to our cause, and that when our country is bleeding at every pore in its defenseparticularly in Europethan could a thousand Northern newspapers. Some of t~e articles which I enclose cut like a two-edged sword, but still they will all operate largely in our interest. I have to close without any tidings later than those mentioned. Mr. Yancey is here; Mr. Rost in Paris. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, DEPARTMENT OF JIJSTTcE, Richmond, August 3, 1861. SIR: In reference to the subject matter of your letter of this morn- ing, I beg to say that I would cheerfully give any aid in my power to the counsel charged with the defense of the captain and crew o Page 234 234 LIST OF PAPERS. the Savannah, but I am totally at a loss to see what can be done here. The counsel desjres parol proof of the action of this Government. We can send no witnesses to New York; we can furnish no such proof in time of war. The question appears to me to be much more of a political than of a legal character. If the United States refuse to consider this Government as even belligerent. I do not see what effect the offer of parol proof could have. If we be recognized as belligerents, the action of the public authorities of a belligerent nation can in no manner be authenticated so conclusively as by its seal. If the signa- tures of our public men are to be proved, hundreds of persons in New York can prove them. However all this may be, it is certain that we have no means that I am aware of by which we can furnish parol proof as desired by Mr. Sullivan in his letter, which I return. Yours, respectfully, J. P. BENJAMIN. Hon. Wi~i. M. BROWNEq Assistant Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, August 5, 1861. SIR: I received a letter a few days since from my friend Mr. Charles Greene, of Savannah, in which he mentioned your generous exertions to serve the Confederate States and to aid in procuring for them such articles as they may need. Allow me to introduce to you Mr. W. W. Gwathmey, of this city, a confidential agent of this Gov- eminent, and to beg you to give him all the facilities and advice within your power for the successful accomplishment of the mission with which he is charged. Very respectfully, W. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary. P. H. OLIVER, Esq., Of Savannah, at Messrs. Sparke d~ Gallaghers, Louisville, Ky. DEPARTMENT OF STATE~ Richmond, A ugust5,1861. SIR: You are instructed to proceed to Louisville, Ky., with all convenient dispatch, and there put yourself in communication with Mr. P. H. Oliver, of Savannah, whom you will find at the office of Messrs. Sparke & Gallagher (wholesale grocers). Mr. Oliver will ~nf?rm you of the agencies with which he is acquainted through which arms, ammunition, and other articles required by this Govern- ment may be purchased and delivered at points within the Confed- erate States, and you will use the utmost caution and discretion in the selection of the means by which such purchases and delivery may be effected. You will find herewith bills of exchange on England for $1O.OOO, which you will negotiate as occasion may require through some reliable and friendly banking or mercantile hous Page 235 LIST OF PAPERS. 235 to be selected by yourself. You will pay for the articles when delivered to you at some point which you may designate within the Confederate States, and you will immediately forward them to this city as soon as delivered, and will see that they are carefully packed in boxes, legibly addressed. Below you will find a list of the arms which we want and the prices which were ordinarily paid before the commencement of the war. The number specified is the maximum of each kind to be purchased. Colts pistols (new model, Army size preferred), number, 10,000; price, $22.50 per pistol; nmsket~ smoothbore, model 42, number, 10,000; price, $13. Rifle muskets, model 1855, number, 10,000 price, $16. Harpers Ferry rifle, with sword bayonet, number, 10,000; price, $19. Merrills carbine, num- ber, 5,000; price, $3~i. Maynards rifle, number, 5,000; price, $30; muskets, old model, altered to percussion, number, 10,000; price, $8. Double-barreled shotguns, number, 5,000; price, $20. You must buy as near to these prices as possible, but if necessary you are authorized to give an advance of 100 per cent on them. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. W. W. GWATHMEY, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, August 7, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that under a resolution of Congress authorizing the President to send a commissioner to the Indian trib~s west of Arkansas and south of Kansas, Mr. Albert Pike, of Arkansas, was appointed such commissioner under an auto- graph letter of the President, giving him very large discretion as to the expenses of his mission. Subsequent to the adoption of the resolution above named, Congress passed a law placing the Indian affairs under the control of your Department and consequently mak- ing the expenses of Mr. Pike and all other Indian agents properly payable out of the appropriation at your disposal for the service of the Indian Bureau. lain, sir,etc., R. TOOMBN, Late Secretary of State. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretar?, of War, etc. No. 5.] LONDON, August 7, 1861. SIR: on the 1st instant we sent by the yacht (~amiila dispatches numbered 3 and 4. We understood that the (7amilla was to sail on some day last week, but find that she is yet on the coast, expecting to sail some day during this week. Having another and, as we deem, equally favorable opportunity of sending dispatches to the Department of State, and acting upon the hypothesis that one of these may prove failures, we send by the latter duplicates of dispatches 2, 3, and 4. Since they were written we have received through the New York journals and the correspondence of the London Times intelligenc Page 236 236 LIST OF PAPERS. of the military events of the 19th and 21st of July at Bull Run. The sensation produced by those great events both here and in Paris was profound, and has tended to produce conviction that the Con- federate States can not be brought back into the ITnion by arms. The Parliament was prorogued on yesterday, and the speech of the Queen on that occasion in reference to American affairs was as follows: The dissensions which arose some months ago in the United States of North America have unfortunately assumed the character of open war. Her Majesty, deeply regretting this calamitous result, has (letermined, in common with the other powers of Europe, to preserve a strict neutrality 1)etween the conten(ling parties. Thinking that this great victory, the result of the first real struggle between the two conteiiding nations, justified the commission in seek- ing another informal interview with the secretary of state for for- eign aflairs, a telegram was at once sent to Mr. Rost, then at Paris, to join his colleagues at this place, and he has done so. The commission has addressed a note to tile secretary of state for foreign affairs requesting the interview, but Earl Russell was at one of his residences in the country and we have not yet received a reply. The commission, upon consultation, has determined to conduct the interview upon the basis that the Confederate States of America are in such condition as entitles them to a recognition of their nation- ality. It has been deemed prudent to ask only for an informal interview, and the commission will afterwards determine upon the question of the policy of asking for a public and official acknowledg- ment of their character as commissioners from the Confederate States of America. As the contest grows warmer the friends of the ITnited States 1)ecomc more excited. As an evidence we enclose a report of Mr. Brights speech and an editorial of the London Advertiser. We also enclose other editorials and newspaper slips. It is proper to say that we entertain no hope that the British cabinet is prepared at this time to acknowledge the independence of the Confederate States of America. We think that the Queens speech exhibits truthfully the tone of the cabinet and British public and that this also represents the position of the French Government. Our views as to the course of England and France upon the blockade, as already expressed in previous dispatches, are strengthened, but we are at present inclined to believe that the tendency of the British Government, at this time, is to restrict its interference between the Confederate States and the United States, to the blockade question, as one involving its own commercial interest, and to leave the question of recognition entirely in abeyance, until it has been practically settled between the two belligerent powers, by suich an overwhelming military suiccess upon one side or other, as to render it a matter of no doubt in European eyes which will eventually triumph. We are inclined to think that if Great Britain determines to declare the blockade ineffectual it will become still more decidedly neutral, in order to furnish no further cause of offence to the United States and will, of course, entertain for a time no idea of acknowledging the independence and nationality of the Confederate States. The commission has not received from the Department of State an acknowledgment of the receipt of any of the dispatches which it ha Page 237 LIST OF PAPERS. 237 sent. It has no regular mode of communicating with the Depart- ment and relies entirely upon private opportunities which may offer. It has no funds with which to organize a means of forwarding its dispatches. There is a difference of opinion in the commission as to an im- portant point of policy upon which it is desirable to have the views of the President. It is this: If it should appear to the commissioners that the British Government is not prepared to receive them officially and to recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America, shall the commissioners refrain from urging a decision and remain here until a change of opinion is effected, or shall it respect- fully demand and receive a reply, and, in the event of rejection, pro- ceed to other Governments and make the same demand or ask for a recall? It is perhaps proper also to state that the commission has not received t.he least notice or attention, official or social, from any member of the Government since its arrival in England. This is mentioned in no spirit of complaint, but as a fact which the President may or may not deem of any consideration in weighing the conduct of this Government toward the Confederate States. The instructions given to the commission on its departure upon its mission seem to have been based upon the sole hypothesis that there would be no war between the Confederate States and the United States. As it is evident that a commission of three persons can only act effectively when entirely agreed in purpose, it is suggested that full instructions from the President, under~the altered condition of affairs, will be valuable in producing concord of views, as each mem- ber of the commission has but one aim at heart, and that is to carry out the views of the Government and to accomplish as much good as possible for their country. We are happy to be able to state, however, that thus far in all that has been done here there has been cordial concurence both of opinion and action among the members of the commission, and the suggestions now made for instructions for our future guidance are prompted by a desire to remove out of our path any the least obstacle which might exist to future harmonious action. In a former dispatch it was stated that Parliament would stand prorogued until the month of February next. We have to correct that error. The lord chancellor yesterday declared it as prorogued to the 22d of October. Since writing the foregoing Earl Russell has answered ouiz~ request for an interview in a note desiring us to put in writing any commu- nication they the members of the commission wished to make to It is proper to state that our written request was not made in our official character, and that this reply is from Ear1 Russell, simply. We have to-day written a note in reply informing his lordship that we would make a written communication at an early day, as this more formal mode has been designated, and we shall make it as corn- missioners of the Confederate States. We have the hoiior to be, sir, your obedient servaiits, W. L. YANCEY. P. A. RosT. Hon. ROBERT Too~Bs, etc. A. DUDLEY MANN Page 238 238 LIST OF PAPERS. [Enclosure.] Earl Russell p resents his compliments to Mr. W. L. Yancey and Mr. A. Dudley Mann, and would be obliged to them if they would put in writing any communications they wish to make to him. W. L. YANCEY, and A. DUDLEY MANN, Esqrs., 15 Half Moon Street. PEMBROKE LODGE, August 7, 1861. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Richmond, August 8, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 5th instant, to the President of the Con- federate States of America, in relation to a Spanish gentleman who was a passenger on board the brig I?. T. Martin en route to Cardenas, has been referred to this Department. I regret to inform you, in reply, that while this Government would afford the fullest protection to any subject of the Spanish Crown within its jurisdiction, it is unable to aid your friend in obtaining permission to proceed to Philadelphia. Very respectfully, W. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary of State. D. ROBERTSON, Esq., Cowsul of Spain, Norfolk. [Telegram.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, August 10, 1861. Your vessel can obtain commission from Confederate commission- ers in London. W. M. BROwNE, Assistant Secretary of State. R. T. WALKER, Charleston, S. (V No. 6.] LONDON, August 14, 1861. SIR: As instructed by the commissioners, I transmit herewith a copy of the note to-day addressed by them to Earl Russell, her Britan- nic Majestys principal secretary of state for foreign affairs. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WALKER FEARN. Hon. ROBERT TooMBs. [Enclosure.] 15 HALF MOON STREET, London, Augmst 14, 1861. The undersigned, as your Lordship has already on two occasions been verbally and unofficially informed, were appointed on the 16t Page 239 LIST OF PAPERS. 239 of March last a commission to her Britannic Majestys Government, by the President of the Confederate States of America. The undersigned were instructed to represent to your Lordship that seven of the sovereign States of the late American Union, for just and sufficient reasons, and in full accordance with the great prin- ciple of self-government, had thrown off the authority of that Union and formed a confederacy which they had styled the Confederate States of America. They were further instructed to ask her Majes- tys Government to recognize the fact of the existence of this new power in the world, and also to inform it that they were fully im- powered to negotiate with it, a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation. At an early day after the arrival of the undersigned in London, at an informal interview which your Lordship was pleased to accord them, they informed your Lordship of the object of their mission and endeavored to impress upon your Lordship that the action ol the seven Confederate States had been based upon repeated attempts on the part of the Federal Government, and of many of the more Northern States which composed the late Union, during a series of years which extended over near half a century, to rule the people of the southern section of that Union, by means of the unconstitutional exercise of power; and that secession from that Union had been re- sorted to, as in the opinion of the people of the seceding States, the best and surest mode of saving the liberties which their Federal and State constitutions were designed to secure to them. They also en- deavored to place before your Lordship satisfactory evidence that the justice of this great movement, upon the part of the cotton States, was so palpable, that it would be endorsed by many, if not by all, of the Southern States, which were then adhering to the Union, which would sooner or later become convinced that the security of their rights could only be maintained by pursuing the like process of secession from the late Federal Union, and accession to the Constitu- tion and Government of the Confederate States of America. They were especially desirous of convincing your Lordship, and laid be- fore your Lordship reasons for their belief, that the people of the seceding States had violated no principle of allegiance in their act of secession, but, on the contrary, had been true to that high duty which all citizens owe to that sovereignty which is the supreme fount of power in a State, no matter what may be the particular form of gov- ernment under which they live. They were careful to show to your Lordship, however, that the idea of American sovereignty was differ- ent from that entertained in Great Britain and Europe; that whereas in the great Eastern Hemisphere generally, sovereignty was deemed to exist in the Government, the founders of the North American States had solemnly declared, and upon that declaration had built up American institutions that governments were instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends [security to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness] it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and to institute a new government, etc. The undersigned assume it to be incontrovertible, in order to give practical vitality to this declaration, that the people who were declared to possess this right to alter or to abolish suc Page 240 240 LIST OF PAPERS. oppressive government, must be the people whose rights such govern~ ment either assailed, or no longer protected. Whether that govern- ment should be administered by one tyrant, or the more heartless and equally effectual despotism of a sectional and tyrannical majority, could make no difference in the application of the principle. When the people who thus act in abolishing their form of government, are not mere self-constituted assemblages of disaffected individuals but the sovereign people of great States, each possessing separate constitutions and legislative and executive powers, acting in modes prescribed by those constitutions, and taking votes under form and by virtue of law, the minority yielding cheerfully to the decision of the majority as to the question of redress, it became clear that what- ever might be European views as to such action, if developed in Europe, the seceding States were amply justified by the great Amen- oan principles of self-government proclaimed by their ancestors in 1776. They submitted that so far from the principle of Ameri- can allegiance having been violated by the people of the seceding States in those States alone is that principle upheld whereby the actions of men claiming to be the representatives of the men of 1776, are to be guided and justified, and that the people and government of the States upholding Mr. Lincoln, in his war upon the Confederate States are alone the traitors to that great political truth, and as such, must be judged by an impartial world. In connection with this view the undersigned explained to your Lordship, the unity, the (leliberation, the moderation and regard for personal and public right ,the absence of undue popular commotion during the process of secession, the daily and ordinary administration of the laws in every department of justice, all of which were distinguishing features of this great movement. They expatiated upon the great extent of fertile country over which the Confederate States exercised jurisdic- tion, producing in ample quantity every variety of cereal necessary to the support of their inhabitants; to the value of the products of cot- ton and tobacco grown by them; to the number and character of their people; and they submitted to your Lordship that all of these po- litical and material facts demonstrated to the nations of the world that the action of the Confederate States of America was not that of rebels subject to be dealt with as traitors and pirates by their enemy, but the dignified and solemn conduct of a belligerent power, strug- gling with wisdom and energy to assume a place among the great States of the civilized world, upon a broad and just principle which commended itself to that worlds respect. The undersigned have witnessed with pleasure that the views which in their first interview they pressed upon your Lordship as to the undoubted right of the Confederate States under the law of nations to be treated as a belligerent power, and the monstrous asser- tion of the Government of Washington of its right to treat its city zeus found in arms upon land or sea as rebels and pirates, have met with the concurrence of her Britannic Majestys Government; and that the moral weight of this great and Christian people have been thus thrown into the scale to prevent the barbarous and inhuman spectacle of war between citizens so lately claiming a common country conducted upon principles which would have been a dis- grace to the age in which we live Page 241 .LIST OF PAPERS. 241 The undersigned, however, received with some surprise and re- gret the avowal of her Britannic Majestys Government that in or(ler to the observance of a strict neutrality the public and private armed vessels of neither of the contending parties would be per- Jnitte(l to enter her Majestys ports with prizes. The undersigned (10 not contest the right of the British G~overnment to make such regulations, but have been disposed to think that it has been unusual for her Majestys Government to exercise such right, and that in this instance the practical operation of the rule has been to favor the Government at Washington and to cripple the exercise of an undoubted public right of the Government of the Confederate States. This Government commenced its career entirely without a navy. Owing to the high sense of duty which distinouished the Southern officers, who were lately in commission in the ~United States Navy, the ships which otherwise might have been brought into Southern ports were honorably delivered up to the United States Government, and the Navy built for the protection of the people of all the States is now used by the Government at Washington to coerce the people and blockade the ports of one-third of the States of the late Union. The people of the Confederate States are an agricultural and not a manufacturing or commercial people. They own but few ships. hence there has not been the least necessity for the Government at Washington to issue letters of marque. The people of the Confed- erate States have but few ships and not much commerce upon which such private armed vessels could operate. The commodities pro- duced in the Confederate States are such as the world needs more than any other, and the nations of the earth have heretofore sent their ships to our wharves, and there the merchants buy and receive our cotton and tobacco. But it is far otherwise with the people of the present United States. They are a manufacturing and commer- cial people. They do a large part of the carrying trade of the world. Their ships and commerce afford them the sinews of war and keep their industry afloat. To cripple their industry and commerce, to destroy their ships or cause them to be dismantled and tied up to their rotting wharves, are legitimate objects and means of warfare. Having no navy, no commercial marine out of which to improvise public armed vessel to any considerable extent, the Confederate States were compelled to resort to the issuance of letters of marque, a mode of warfare as fully and as clearly recognized by the law and usage of nations as any other arm of war, and most assuredly more humane and more civilized in its practice than that which appears to have distinguished the march of the troops of the Government ol the United States upon the soil and among the villages of Virginia. These facts tend to show that the practical working of the rule that forbids the entry of the public and private armed vessels of either party into British ports with prizes operates exclusively to prevent the exercise of this legitimate mode of warfare by the Confederate States, while it is to a great degree a practical protection to the com- merce and ships of the Ijnited States. In the interview already alluded to, as well as ~n one of a similar character held between your Lordship and the undersigned at a later date, the undersigned was fully aware of the relations of amity ex- isting between her Britannic Majestys Government and that of 376429922voL 31 Page 242 242 LIST OF PAPERS. Washington and of the peculiar difficulties into which these relations might be thrown if her Majesty should choose to recognize the na~- tionality of the Confederate States of America before some decided exhibition of ability upon the part of the Government of those States to maintain itself had been shown. Therefore they did not deem it advisable to urge her Majestys Government to an immediate de- cision upon so grave a question, but contented themselves with a presentation of the cause of their Government and have quietly waited upon events to justify all that they had said, with the hope that her Majestys Government would soon come to the conclusion that the same sense of justice, the same views of duty under the laws of nations which caused it to recognize the de facto government of Texas while yet a superior Mexican army was contending for su- premacy upon its soil, the de facto government of the South Ameri- can Republics while Spain still persisted in claiming to be their sovereign, and the de facto governments of Greece, of Belgium, and Italy would induce it to recognize the Government of the Confederate States of America upon the happening of events exhibiting a deep- seated and abiding confidence that success will attend their efforts. At all events reconstruction of the Union is an impossibility. The brief history of the past confirms them in this belief. Since the organization of the Government of the Confederate States in February last and since Mr. Lincoln assumed the reins of government in the United States and commenced preparing his aggressive policy against the Confederate States the moral weight of their position and cause, aided by the constitutional action and policy of the new President and his Cabinet, have caused four other great States, viz, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Ar- kansascontaining about 4,500,000 inhabitants and covering an ex- tent of valuable territory equal to that of France and Spainto secede from the late Union and join the Confederate States; while the inhabitants of three other powerful States, viz, Maryland, Ken- tucky, and Missouri, are now agitated by the throes of revolution and a large part of them are rising in arms to resist the military des- potism which in the name of the Constitution has been so ruth- lessly and in such utter perversion of the provisions of that instru- ment imposed upon them. The undersigned have also sufficient rea- sons for the belief that even in the northwestern part of the State of Illinois a part of the people have proclaimed open opposition to Mr. Lincolns unconstitutional and despotic Government, while in sev- eral others public assemblies and their legislatures have condemned the war as subversive of the Constitution. In addition to these strik- ing evidences of the increased strength of the Confederate States and of great internal weakness and division in Mr. Lincolns Govern- ment the undersigned can proudly and confidently point to the unity which exists among the people of the 11 Confederate States, with the solitary and unimportant exception of the extreme northwest corner of Virginia lying between Ohio and Pennsylvania and settled almost exclusively by Northern emigrants. Whatever differences of opinion may have been entertained among the people of the United States as to the policy of secession, there was little difference of opinion as to the unconstitutional causes which led to it, and often by a fair decision at the polls by the majority in favor of secession as the ~ne~ns of expressing their liberties the great mass of th Page 243 LIST OF PAPERS. 243 people at once yielded all objections and are now engaged with their wealth and their persons in the most patriotic exertions to uphold their Government in the course of independence which had been de- cided upon. Whatever tribute of admiration may be yielded for the present to the people who submit to Mr. Lincolns usurping Government for energy displayed in raising and organizing an inunense army for the purpose of imposing the yoke of that Government upon a people who are struggling for the inestimable right of governing them- selves in order to a preservation of their liberties, a just and im- partial history will award to the people of the Confederate States an unmixed admiration for an effort which, in the space of six months, has thrown off the authority of the usurper, has organized a new Government based upon the principle of personal and public liberty, has put that Government in operation, has raised, organized, and armed an army sufficient to meet and defeat in a fair field and drive in ignominious flight from that field the myriads of invaders which the reputed first general of the age deemed fit to crush what he termed a rebellion. The undersigned call your Lordships attention to the fact that Mr. Lincolns Government, though possessed of all the advantages of a numerous population, of the credit due to a recognized Govern- ment of long continuance, of the entire Navy of the late Union, has not been able to retake a single fortification of which the Confed- erate States possessed themselves, but, on the contrary, has been driven out from a mighty fortress upon the Atlantic and from several forts on the western frontier by the Confederate arms; that it has not been able to advance more than 5 miles into the territory of any of the Confederate States where there was any serious attempt to prevent it; and is in danger of losing three great States of the Union by insurrection. Even at sea, upon which the Government of Mr. Lincoln possesses undisputed sway, it has not been able to make an effectual blockade of a single port but those which find an outlet through the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Vessels of every class, private and public, armed vessels belonging to the Confederate States, and traders, having found their way in and out of every other port at which the attempt has been made. In everything that constitutes the material of war, thus far the Confederate States have supplied themselves from their own re- sources, unaided by that free intercourse with the world which has been open to the United States. Men, arms, munitions of war of every description have been supplied in ample abundance to defeat all attempts to successfully invade our borders. Money has been obtained in the Confederate States in sufficient quantity. Every loan that has been put upon the market has been taken at and above par, and the undersigned but stated the universal impression and belief of their Government and their fellow citizens in the Con- federate States that, no matter what may be the demand for means to defend their country against invasion, sufficient resources of every character and sufficient patriotism to furnish them exist within the Confederate States for that purpose. The undersigned are aware that an impression has prevailed, even in what may be termed well-informed circles in Europe, that the slaveholding States are poor and not able to sustain a prolonge Page 244 244 LIST OF PAPERS. conflict with the nonslaveholding States of the North. In the opin- ion of the undersigned, this idea is grossly erroneous; and, consider- ing the importance of a correct understanding of the relative resources of the two contending powers, in resolving the question of the ability of the South to maintain its position, your Lordship will pardon a reference to the statistical tables of 1850, the last authentic exposition of the resources of the United States which has yet been published, and which is appended to this communication. The incon- testible truths exhibited in that table prove that the Confederate States possess the elements of a great and powerful nation, capable iiot only of clothing, feeding, and defending themselves, but also or clothing all the nations of Europe under the benign influence of peace and Iree trade. The undersigned are also aware that the antislavery sentiment so universally prevalent in England has shrunk from the idea of form- ing friendly public relations with a Government recognizing the slavery of a part of the human race. The question of the morality of slavery is not for the undersigned to discuss with any foreign power. The authors of the American Declaration of Independence found the African race in the colonies to be slaves, both by colonial and English law, and by the law of nations. Those great and good men left that fact and the responsibility for its existence where they found it, and thus finding that there were two distinct races in the colonies, one free and capable of maintain- ing their freedom, the other slave, and in their opinion unfitted to enter upon that contest and to govern themselves, they made their famous declaration of freedom for the white race alone. They eventually planned and put in operation, in the course of a few years, two plans of government, both resting upon that great and recognized distinction between the white and black man and perpetuating that distinction as the fundamental law of the government they framed; which they declared to be framed for the benefit of themselves and their posterity, in their own language, to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. The wisdom of that course is not a matter for discussion with for- eign nations. Suffice it to say that thus were the great American institutions framed, and thus have they remained unchanged to this day. It was from no fear that the slaves would be liberated that secession took place. The very party in power has proposed to guar- antee slax ery forever in the States if the South would but remain in the Union. Mr. Lincolns message proposes no freedom to the slave, but announces subjection of his owner to the will of the Union; in other words to the will of the N orth. Even after the battle of Bull Run, both branches of the Congress at Washington passed reso- lutions that the war is only waged in order to uphold that (pro- slavery) constitution and to enforce the laws (many of them pro- slavery), and out of 172 votes in the lower House they received all but 2, and in the Senate all but 1 vote. As the army commenced its march, the commanding general issued an order that no slaves should be received into or allowed to follow the camp. The great object of the war, therefore, as now officially announced, is not to free the slave, 1)ut to keep him in subjection to his owner, and to control his labor through the legislative channels which the Lincoln Government d Page 245 LIST OF PAPERS. 245 signs to force upon the master. The undersigned therefore submit with confidence, that as far as the antislavery sentiment of Endand is concerned, it can have no sympathy with the North; nay, it will probably become disgusted with a cantino hypocrisy which would enlist those sympathies on false pretences. ~he undersigned are, how- evei, not insensible to the surmise that the Lincoln Government may, under stress of circumstances, change its policy; a policy based at present more upon a wily view of what is to be its effect in rearing up an element in the Confederate States favorable to a reconstruction of the Union than upon any honest desire to uphold a constitution, the main provisions of which it has most shamelessly violated. But they confidently submit to yqur Lordships consideration, that suc- cess in producing so abrupt and violent a destruction of a system of labor which has reared up so vast a commerce between America and the great States of Europe; which it is supposed now gives bread to ten millions of the population of those States; which, it may be safely assumed, is intimately blended with the basis of the great manufac- turing and navigating prosperity that distinguishes the age; and that probably not the least of the elements of that prosperity would be visited with results disastrous to the world, as well as to the master and slave. Resort to servile war has, it is true, as we have heretofore stated, not been proclaimed, but officially abandoned. It has, however, been recommended by persons of influence in the United States, and when all other means shall failas the undersigned assure your Lordship they willto bring the Confederate States into subjection to the power of Mr. Lincolns Government it is by no means improbable that it may be inaugurated. Whenever it shall be done, however, the motive, it is now rendered clear, will not be that high philan- thropic consideration which undoubtedly beats in the hearts of many in England, but the baser feeling of selfish aggrandisement not un- mixed with a cowardly spirit of revenge. The undersigned call your Lordships attention to what is now so publicly known as a fact, to the great battle of Bull Run, 3 miles in front of Manassas Junction, in which a well-appointed army of 55~OO() Federal soldiers gave battle to the Confederate States army of inferior force. After nine hours hard fighting the Federalists were defeated and driven from the field in open flight, and were IJursued by the Confederate States army to Centreville, the position of the Federal reserve. The enemy lost honor and nearly all the arms an(l munitions of war which had been so industriously gathered together for months for an offensive campaign in Virginia, and they did not cease their flight until, under cover of a stormy night, they had regained the shelter of their intrenchments in front of Wash- ington. The Confederate States forces have commenced offensive move- ments and have driven the vaunting hosts of the United States be- hind intrenchments upon the borders of Virginia, and so far from threatening the integrity of the territory and the existence of the Government of the Confederate States, the Government at Wash- in(~ton seems content at present and will be rejoiced if it can main- tain a successful defense of its capital and preserve the remnant of its defeated and disorganized forces Page 246 246 LIST OF PAPERS. The undersigned would also ask your Lordships attention to the fact that the cotton-picking season in the cotton-growing States of the Confederacy has commenced. The crop bids fair to be at least an average one, and will be prepared for market and delivered by our planters and merchants, as usual, on the wharves of the ports of those States when there shall be a prospect of the blockade being raised and not before. As a defensive measure an embargo has been laid by the Government of the Confederate States upon the passage of cotton by inland conveyance to the United States. To be obtained it must be sought for in the Atlantic and Gulf ports of those States. They submit to your Lordship the consideration of the fact that the blockade of all the ports of the Confederate States was declared to have commenced by the blockading officer off Charleston, when in truth, at that time, and for weeks after, there was no pretense of a blockade of the ports in the Gulf. They further submit for con- sideration that since the establishment of the blockade there have been repeated instances of vessels breaking it, at Wilmington, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans. It will be for the neutral powers whose commerce has been so seriously damaged to determine how long such a blockade shall be permitted to interfere with that commerce. In closing this communication the undersigned desire to urge upon her Britannic Majestys Government the just claim which, in their opinion, the Government of the Confederate States has at this time to a recognition as a government de facto. Whether its internal peace, or its territory, its population, its great resources for both domestic and foreign commerce, and its power to maintain itself are considered, or whether your Lordship shall take into consideration the necessity of commercial relations being established with it with a view to the preservation of vast interests of the commerce of Eng- land. If, however, in the opinion of her Britannic Majestys Gov- ernment the Confederate States have not yet won a right to a place among the nations of the earth, the undersigned can only assure your Lordship that while such an announcement will be received with sur- prise by the Government which they represent, and while that Gov- ernment is to be left to contend for interests which it thinks are as important to commercial Europe as to itself, without even a friendly countenance from other nations, its citizens will buckle themselves to the great task before them with a vigor and determination that will justify the undersigned in having pressed the question upon her Britannic Majestys Government; and when peace shall have been made their 4l~overnment will at least feel that it will not be justly responsible for the vast quantity of blood which shall have been shed, nor for the great and widespread suffering which so pro- longed a conflict will have entailed upon millions of the human race, both in the eastern as well as upon the North American Continent. The undersigned have the honor to be. most respectfully, your Lordships obedient servants, W. L. YANCEY. P. A. RosT. A. DUDLEY MANN. A true copy: WALKER FEARN, Secretary Page 247 LIST OF PAPERS. 247 rExtract from U. S. census 1850] Nonslave- Slaveholding holding States. States. 1. Population 13,330,418 { ~ 2. Annual value of manufactures, mining, and mechanic arts $845, 430,428 $167, 906,035 3. Cotton, number of bales (crop of 1860, about 4,700,000) None. 2,445,793 4. Improved acres of land 58,312,733 54,399,455 5. Average value of farming utensils on each farm $95 $171 6. Number of horses and mules 2,290,840 2,570,486 7. Number of neat cattle 8,557,786 9,527,915 8. Number of swine 9,507,745 20,787,000 9. Bushels of wheat annually 74,264,580 26,894,000 10. Bushels of Indian corn annually 242,718,000 348,992,261 ii. Canesugar pounds None. 237,133,000 12. Molasses gallons. - None. 12,700,991 13. Rice pounds None. 215,913,500 14. Tobacco do 14,760,000 185,083,000 15. Salt, bushels annually 6,029,450 3,754,390 1 Vbites. 2 Blacks. NoTe.The census of the United States for 1860, now in, course of publication, will undoubtedly show na increase of at least 33 per cent of these resources. The report published by the Congress of the United States, show- ing their commerce and navigation for the year ending June, 1860, shows that the entire exports for that year were $373,189,274, of which sum the value of the exports .produced exclusively in the South were $247,542,078, of which $208,779,799 were exported through Southern ports. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, Augtt8t 16, 1861. SIR: Your letters of the 11th and 13th instant to the Secretary of State have been received. By direction of the Secretary, I tele- graphed you this day, authorizing you to purchase the navy pistols at the price ($38) named in your letter of the 13th. On the 10th instant I sent you, to the care of W. S. Eakin & Co., by Adams Express, five drafts, Bank of Charleston, on Bank of Liverpool for 200 each, being 1,000 sterling of $5,000, not counting the premium at which you will sell the exchange, On the 14th instant I sent you to the same address and by the same agency a similar remittance of 1,000, thus making in all 2,000. I suppose that you have received these letters by this time, and that in your next communication you will acknowledge their receipt. Very respectfully, W. M. BROwNE, Assistant Secretary. W. W. GWATHMEY, Esq., Care of W. S. Ealcin d~ Co., Nashville, Tenn. FOREJON OFFICE, August 24, 1861. The undersigned has had the honor to receive the letter of the 14th instant addressed to him by Messrs. Yancey, Rost, and Mann on behalf of the so-styled Confederate States of North America Page 248 248 LIST OF PAPERS. The British Government does not pretend in any way to pronounce a judgment upon the questions in (lebate between the United States and their adversaries in North America; the British Government can only regret that these differences have unfortunately been submitted to the arbitrament of arms. Her Majesty has considered this con- test as constituting a civil war, and her ~{ajesty has, by her royal proclamation, declared her intention to preserve a strict neutrality between the contending parties in that war. Her Majesty will strictly perform the duties which belong to a neutral. Her Majesty can not undertake to determine by anticipa- tion what may be the issue of the contest, nor can she acknowledge the independence of the nine States which are now combined against the President and Congress of the United States, until the fortune of arms or th~ more peaceful mode of negotiation shall have more clearly determined the respective positions of the two belligerents. Her Majesty can, in the meantime, only express a hope that some adjustment satisfactory to both parties may be come to, without the calamities which must ensu~ in the event of an embittered and pro- tracted conflict. The undersigned has the honor to renew to Messrs. Yancey, Rost, and Mann the assurance of his high consideration. RUSSELL. Messrs. YANCEY, ROST, and MANN. No. 8.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, Va., August 24, 1861. GENTLEMEN: I am directed by the Secretary of State to transmit to you the enclosed reports to the Secretary of the Treasury by the col- lectors of customs at the ports of Charleston, Savannah, Wilmington, an(l Pensacola, showing the number, names, nationality, and destina- tion of the vessels which have entered and cleared from those ports since the President of the United States declared them to be block- aded. These reports, you will perceive, furnish conclusive evidence that the blockade of the coast of the Confederate States is nominal, not real. But it is in contravention of the now universally accepted law of nations in relation to blockade, and that every seizure made under it and every hindrance offered to foreign vessels bound to or from those ports is illegal and void. You are instructed to communicate the facts contained in these reports to the Government to which you are accredited, and, if re- quired, to furnish them with copies. I am further directed to trans- mit you a copy (marked B) of resolutions adopted by the Con- gress and approved by the President on the 13th instant, defining the position of the Confederate States in respect to certain points of maritime law. I remain, etc., Wi~t. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary of State. Hons. WM. L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. Rosr, A. DUDLEY MANN Page 249 LIST OF PAPERS. 249 No. 9.] STATE DEPARTMENT, Richmond, Va., August ~4, 1861. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to send you herewith the usual letters of credence and introduction accrediting you to represent the Confederate States near the Government of the Queen of Spain, to- (rether with the necessary commission and passport. I have also to inform you that it is the desire of the President that Mr. iRost should undertake the duties of this mission and proceed to Madrid as soon as possible. I remain, etc., R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. Hons. W~i. L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. ROST, A. DUDLEY MANN, Commissioners, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, August ~4, 1861. GENTLEMEN: Deeming it of importance that. the Confederate States should be represented at the Court of Spain, the President has ap- pointed you special commissioners to the Government of her Cath- olic Majesty. Together with this notification of your appointment I send you the usual letters of credence and introduction accrediting and empower- ing you to represent the Confederate States near the Spanish Gov- ernment. It is the Presidents desire that you should proceed with all con- venient speed to Madrid and enter upon the duties of your mission. You will explain to the Government of Spain that as commis- sioners of the Confederate States you do not appear as the repre- sentatives of revolted provinces seeking to destroy the jurisdiction of a constitutional and common government, nor as the representa- tives of rebellious subjects warring against the proper authority of a lawful sovereign; on the contrary, you stand as the representatives of a confederacy of sovereign States who have withdrawn from their former union because the covenants and conditions of the compact which formed it have been violated and disregarded by the other parties to the agreement. They have formed another league of States, who, having been thus absolved from all obligations to the former Government, have constituted a confederacy of homogeneous materials and interest and established a Government which, as they think, gives a better promise of domestic tranquillity and of perma- nent existence. It is to maintain this right of self-government that they have [taken] up arms, and not for the purpose of imposing their opinions upon others or of depriving any other nation of its rights and its property. Their example therefore affords no en- coura gement to anarchy or the overthrow of lawful government by revolutionary violence; on the contrary, they seek only to maintain their right to rule themselves and to repel the lawless intrusion of others who are endeavoring to destroy that right and to substitute the dominion of force for the Government of their own choice. Neither do the Confederate States in asking for a recognized place among nations demand any favor for which they do not offer a full equivalent Page 250 250 LIST OF PAPERS. Diplomatic relations amongst nations are established mainly for the promotion of human intercourse and the peaceable solution of the difficulties which grow out of that intercourse or spring from occasional conflict of interests. The advantages of such intercourse are mutual, and all nations have an interest in the general well being of human society which is thus promoted. It is to take our part in this interchange of mutual good offices, to give as well as to receive, that we seek our recognition as a separate and independent people by the nations of the earth, together with the establishment of such diplomatic relations as may conduce to the proper regulation of our intercourse with the rest of the world. We do not ask for material aid or assistance in the work of establishing our national independence. We have never doubted our ability to defend and maintain our separate existence. If we entered upon our present struggle without fears for the ultimate result, the events of the war have not been such as to diminish that confidence. The impossi- bility of their subjugating us has been proved by the general results. At Manassas, in Virginia, and more recently at Springfield, in Mis- souri, the Federal forces have been utterly routed with a great loss of life, prisoners, and the munitions of war. The little foothold which the United States ever had upon Lthel soil of the Confederates is being daily diminished, and it would seem now to be evident that a further continuance of hostilities on their part can lead to noth- ing but a useless effusion of human blood and a wanton waste of the means of human happiness. Under such circumstances it may become a matter of proper consideration with other nations whether they should not use their influence for the purposes of peace by a speedy recognition of the independence of the Confederate States of America. The vast moral power of such an act would go far toward putting an end to hostilities and restoring to the world a commerce and intercourse from whose further suspension it can not but suffer much loss. These vie ws are presented to Spain the more freely, as the Presi- dent is specially desirous to establish and maintain the most friendly and intimate relations with that Government. Of all the great powers of Europe, Spain alone is interested through her colonies in the same social system which pervades the Confederate States. The close proximity of these colonies to our shores and the great mutual dependence of social and commercial interests between them and our own States seem to invite a close and intimate alliance be- tween the two countries. The Confederate States therefore can never find any cause for jealousy or regret in the steady growth of the power and resources of Spain. If a party was found in these States during their connection with the former Union who desired the acquisition of Cuba, it was for the purpose of establishing some- thing like a balance of power in a Government from whose dominant majority they feared oppression and injury. Standing as they now do, separated from that Union, they are relieved from all such fears, and can no longer be influenced by such inducements, composed as they now are of slave-holding States alone, they can fear nothing from their own Government on this question. Nor would they desire to diminish the proslavery interest of any of the great Euro- pean nations. On the contrary, they would observe with pleasur Page 251 LIST OF PAPERS. 251 the growth in power and influence of a State bound to them by this tie of a great common interest, and they would earnestly desire to see the nations thus bound together, armed with the means to pro- tect their common social system. If, on the other hand, it were pos- sible that the slaveholding State could be forced or cajoled into another union with the nonslaveholding States the case would be far different. The nonslaveholding States, being now assured in their strength, would feel it to be their interest to annex the Spanish col- onies, and with a power so formidable as that which they would then wield they would probably become most troublesome neighbors to those colonies. Of all the nations of the earth it would seem to the President that there is none so deeply interested as Spain in the speedy recognition and permanent maintenance of the independence of the Confederate States of America uniting as these States do nearly all the varieties of climate and productions of the temperate zone to those of a semi- tropical character, covering soil and embracing advantages enough to become a great empire at no distant day, and so organized socially and physically as to promise friendship and sympathy with Spain for a long time to come, it may be worthy of consideration whether that power would not be justified even in running some risk to consummate an event which would probably prove so advantageous to itself. To sum up the whole, it would seem to be a question with Spain whether she will assist in building up a great friendly power or indirectly favor the establishment of a rival of perhaps still greater strength and one which could not fail to become formidable to her in the future. The case will be deemed still stronger for us when it is remembered that we ask for nothing which could expose Spain to the least risk, but seek only for the moral influence of an act which would seem to be alike due to the circumstances under which we appear before the world, to the justice of our cause, and to the future prosperity of Spain herself. If there should be any expectation on the part of the Government of Spain of the subjugation of the slaveholding by the nonslave- holding States or of a reconstruction of the union between the two, you will say to them that such speculations are utterly fallacious. T he Confederate States mean to maintain their independence and separate existence as a confederacy or else to take all the consequences of a failure. It is for the nations of the earth to consider whether such a people animated by such sentiments can ever be subdued and whether their capacity for self-defense has not already been so developed as to make it just and proper in them to use the moral power of an act of recognition of our independence to check the further waste and dis- asters of such a war as that in which we are now engaged. That this question of recognition is one of time the President does not entertain a doubt, and, if so, the longer the decision is delayed the greater will be the amount of unnecessary suffering in a war so uselessly protracted. If you succeed in establishing official relations with the Spanish Government, you will propose to negotiate a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation, for which purpose full powers are here- with furnished to you. The principal aim of the Confederate State Page 252 252 LIST OF PAPERS. in their policy toward foreign Governments is peace and commerce. It will be their constant care to employ every means consistent with honor to preserve the one and extend the other. Their tariff system, levying import duties for mere revenue purposes. and so moderate as to closely approximate free trade, renders their markets peculiarly ac- cessible to the productions of the Spanish West Indies. Their whole seacoast has been thrown open for free competition to the vessels of the world, which are invited to their shores by the rich employment afforded in the transportation of their great staples. The Confederate States of America thus occupy a position which should attract the friendship of the other nations of the world. I remain, etc., R. M. T. H1JNTER, Secretary of State. Hon. WM. L. YANCEY, PIERRE A. ROST, A. DUDLEY MANN. [confidential.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, August ~9, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that this Department has re- liable intelligence that the Government of the Confederate States can procure from the Province of New Leon, Mexico, almost unlimited supplies of copper and lead, the former at $15.50 per quintal (100 pounds) and the latter at $10.50 per cargo (300 pounds), and that both can be delivered at Roma, in Texas, at an advance on the above- named price of 20 per cent. From the same source it is ascertained that large quantities of powder can be obtained at a moderate price and with thirty to forty days notice. You will be good enough to inform this Department whether you require any of the articles above nanied; and if so, on what terms you would propose to con- tract for supplies of the same so that this Department can commurn- cate the wishes of the War Department to our agent, now in this city, but about to return to his post. For obvious reasons it is de- sired that the information herein contained shall be kept secret. I remain, sir, very respectfully, W~r. M. BROWNE, Assistah t Aeeretar!/ of State. Major GORGAS, Chief of the Ordnance Bureau, iVar Department. etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, September 2, 1861. SIR: To enable the agent of this Department to obtain for the War Department the supplies of lead and powder from Mexico which you require it is necessary that you should furnish this Department with an official letter from the Secretary of War, giving detailed instruc- tions as to the articles you require, the amount of each, where, how, and when to be delivered, the prices which you authorize to be paid, and how you propose to pay for them. The agent of this Depart Page 253 LIST OF PAPERS. 253 ment proposes to leave Richmond to-morrow, the 3d instant; you are therefore requested to give this matter your early consideration. I remain, sir, very respectfully, Wi~i. iR. BROWNE, A88istant Secretary. Major GORGAs, Chief of Ordnance, etc. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, September 3, 1861. SIR: The report of your recent mission to the governor of New Leon and the accompanying papers have received the entire approval of this Department, and it affords me pleasure to inform you that the President, appreciating the skill, prudence, and ability which you displayed in the discharge of your duty, has appointed you confiden- tial agent of this Government in northeastern Mexico, to reside at Monterey. You will receive your commission as such and a letter from the Secretary of State to his Excellency Governor Vidaurri. It is the desire of the President that you should proceed to Monterey with all convenient dispatch and place yourself in confidential com- munication with the governor of New Leon, in response to whose expressed wish that a confidential agent of this Government should be appointed to reside at Monterey the President has commissioned y on to act in that capacity. You will assure his Excellency that the P resident cordially reciprocates his expressions of friendship and good will toward the Confederate States, and that it is the Presi- dents earnest desire and purpose to cherish and maintain relations of amity and good neighborhood between the Government and people of the two countries. The President is much gratified to learn from so high an authority as Governor Vidaurri that the people of New Leon and the adjacent Provinces of northern Mexico are animated by such friendly feelings toward the Confederate States as those described by the governor in his cbnversation with you. It is mani- festly to the interest of both people that intimate social and commer- cial relations should subsist between them, and the President will use his best efforts to preserve this promising condition of things. The President is of opinion, however, that it would be imprudent and iml)olitic in the interest of both parties to take any steps at present in regard to the proposition made by Governor Vidaurri in his con. fidential communications with yon in reference to the future political relations of the Confederate States with the northern Provinces of Mexico. He may be assured, however, that the Government of the Confederate States feel a deep sympathy with all people strua~ling to secure for themselves the blessings of self-government, and is, therefore, much interested in the cause and progress of these Prov- inces. It will be one of the principal objects of your mission to col- lect and transmit accurate and minute information with regard to those Provinces, the amount of the population of each, divided into races and classes; the superficial area of the several Provinces, their products, mineral resources, etc.; the amount and value of their ex- ports and imports; the state and extent of their manufactures; and the general condition of the people in a social, political, and commer- cial point of view Page 254 254 LIST OF PAPERS. You will immediately enquire and report to this Department whether the Mexican Government has, as is reported, given permis- sion to the United States to transport troops and muniti9ns of war across Mexican territory for the purpose of attacking the Confeder- ate States. You will avail yourself of the good offices of Governor Vidaurri to obtain the most authentic information on this subject, and if it should prove that the Federal Government of Mexico has given any such permission, you will express the confident hope enter- tained by this Government that Governor Vidaurri will use his power and influence to prevent the commission of so flagrant a violation of the neutrality of Mexk~o, and the disastrous consequences which must necessarily ensue. Your prompt attention is especially requested to the most diligent enquiry as to the possibility of purchasing small arms, powder, lead, sulphur, saltpeter, and all other articles necessary for the Army of the Confederate States. If Governor Vidaurri could be induced to sell to this Government a half or any consider- able portion of the arms in his possession, his doing so would be re- garded as the most signal and valuable proof of his friendship for the Confederate States, and would be duly appreciated by our Gov- ernment and people. But, if he should judge it to be inconsistent with his duty to dispose of any of the arms at his command, you will solicit his aid and advice to discover if arms can be obtained from private individuals in New Leon or any other of the adjacent friendly provinces. You mentioned in your verbal reports to this Depart- ment that you were confident that arms and all other things required by the Government of the Confederate States could be safely import- ed at Matamoras, consigned to citizens of New Leon, and that the necessary papers to exempt the vessel carrying the goods from seiz- ure by the cruisers of the United States would be granted or procured by Governor Vidaurri. Should your hope be well founded and should the governor consent to lend us aid in that particular, he would be entitled to our sincere gratitude. In your report of the 19th of August, in reference to the purchase of powder, lead etc ou state thaf any quantity of lead and powder can be obtained at Monterey, the former at $10.50 per cargo of 300 pounds, or $12.87~ per cargo if delivered at IRoma, in Texas, and the latter at a moderate price. You are hereby authorized to contract for 500 tons of lead to be delivered at Roma, Tex., at $12.87~ per cargo, and for 200,000 pounds of powder to be delivered at the same place at per pound. Herewith you will find the order in detail from the War Depart- ment. You will communicate to this Department,, as often as occa- sion will permit, all the information you can acquire which in your judgment would be useful to this Government, and you will devote special pains to the acquisition of intelligence in relation to the pur- chase of those articles which may be needed for the use of our Army. You state in your report of August 22, that saltpeter in natural for- mation is found near the IRio Grande, opposite Eagle Pass. You will take especial pains to obtain the best information on this matter, how the saltpeter can be made available for use in the Confederate States; in what quantities, how soon, and at what price, and lose no time in communicating the information to this Department Page 255 LIST OF PAPERS. 255 You will also, while en route to Monterey, inform yourself as to the best and most speedy means of transportation for such articles as you may purchase in Mexico from the place of purchase to the near- est point of railroad or water communication in the Confederate States and acquaint this Department with the result of your enqui- ries. You will remain at Monterey until otherwise instructed by this Department, and avail yourself generally of the facilities which your relations with the authorities at Monterey will afford you, for ren- dering valuable service to this Government. Your mission being necessarily one of a secret and confidential nature, you will & nly de- clare your official character to Governor Vidaurri and other such per- sons as you may deem it prudent to acquaint with the fact. A care- ful regard to this prudential course is demanded alike by considera- tion for Governor Vidaurris position and the interests of the mission with which you are entrusted. Your salary is fixed at $200 per month, commencing from this date. Herewith you will receive drafts on New Orleans for $500, on account of salary, and $250 as allowance of expenses for travel from this city to Monterey. I remain, sir, yours respectfully, WM. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary of State. J. A. QUINTERO, Esq. [Enclosure.] CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, September 3, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excel- lencys communication of the 1st of July, addressed to my predecessor in office, and to express to you the satisfaction with which your assurances of friendship have been received by the Government of the Confederate States. Those assurances and thc steps which you have taken to insure the maintenance of peace and amicable relations between your people and ours fully justify the high estimate which is entertained in this country of your enlightened ability and sense of justice. The Government of the Confederate States is animated by an earnest desire to cultivate the most intimate and amicable intercourse between our people and our Mexican neighbors and to promote between them those commercial relations which conduce so beneficially to their mutual welfare. This letter will be handed to your Excellency by Mr. J. A. Quin- tero, by whose ability and discretion you are already favorably impressed, and in whom this Government places entire confidence. He is instructed to reside at Monterey as the confidential agent of this Government for purposes which he will fully explain to your Excellency in person. I avail myself of this occasion to assure you of my distinguished consideration. I am, sir, etc., R. M. T. HUNTER, His Excellency SANTIA~ VIDAURRI, Secretary of State. 6! overr& or of New Leon and Coahuila, etc Page 256 256 LIST OF rAPERS. DEPARTMENT OF STATES Richmond, September 4, 1861. SIR: A communication of the 31st ultimo, addressed to the Presi- dent of the Confederate States by F. G. Hammond, of Company A. Louisiana Guard, First Battalion, Louisiana Volunteers, now at Yorktown, has been referred to this Department. It is stated therein that Mr. Hammond is in possession of a plan, which he proposes to submit, by which (lispatches, no mattei~ how voluminous, may be sent to Europe, and that the plan is quite simple, yet very secure and certain. Inasmuch as certainty and facility of communicating with Europe are deemed of the highest importance to the interests of the Government, I have the honor to request, if in your judgment it can properly be done, that an order be given to this Department authorizing Mr. Hammond to report himself here without (lelay. I have the honor to be, etc., W~i. M. BROWNE, Hon. L. ~. WALKER, Acting Secretary of State. Secretary of lVar. NEW ORLEANS~ September 19, 1861. SIR: 1 had the honor of sending you, as I thought, an important dispatch yesterday, giving you certain information communicated to me by Don Juan cle Callejon, the Spanish consul at this l)lace. The information (which, although confidential, he permitted me to tele- graph your Excellency) was received by letter yesterday from the Spanish minister at Washington, with orders to clear all vessels under the Confederate flag to the different Spanish ports. This letter I have seen. Don Juan (he Callejon tells me that the Spanish minister at Washington expects to receive his passports from the Frderal Government. The consul, aware of my writing to you, unassumingly intimated to me that a letter of acknowledgment, written by your Excellency and addressed to Don Francisco Serrano, captain general of Cuba, for the friendly stand that gentleman has taken on behalf of the Southern Confederacy would be highly valued and appreciate(i. The appointment of commissioners to the Court of Spain would also be gratifying to his Government. I further learn that a gentlemana Mr. Chatardwho left Havana on 24th ~July, will be here in a day or two to proceed to Richmond with a verbal message to you from the captain general. Mr: Lavedan, to whom I gave a letter of introduction to you, has (lone our cause a oTeat deal of good and I understand is getting and h has now on hand a large quantity of arms and accouterments. Your Excellency must be aware of the friendly disposition to our cause of the captain general, but for fear of some accident to this letter I omit a detailed statement; knowing, however, the difficulties you labor under in receiving important news from Washington, I took the liberty of telegraphing you yesterday on the subject. Your Excellency is aware of the necessity of appointing imme- diately a commercial agent or consul at Havana, so that our vessels can be cleared from Cuba without hindrance to other foreign ports Page 257 LIST OF PAPERS. 257 and as it may be very difficult to send a suitable person at present from the Confederate States, I would suggest to your Excellency the name of my son-in-law, Mr. Henry de Butts Norris, who resides in Havana. Mr. Norris is a Virginian by birth (Salem, Fauquier County), a true Southern man, of unblemished character and well educated, speaks the Spanish language well, and is popular with the Spanish officials. He was once the general superintendent of the iN. 0., Jackson & (I N. iR. iR., but being employed by the Spanish Government to build a railroad in Cuba, he resio-ned his position in New Orleans. He is well known to Mr. B. ~T. Bradford and, J believe, to Mr. Wirt Adams, as well as to many other prominent gentlemen in Mississippi and Louisiana. Hoping that the Almighty God may bless you and give you health and strength, which are my daily prayers for the sake of our country and for your kind family I remain, your Excellencys truly and most obedient servant, BONWELL BAcH. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS Preside ~ t Confederate States of America. P. 5.Letters sent to me, to be forwarded to Havana, will reach their destination. DEPARTMENT OF STATE~ Richmond, September ~3, iSGi. SIR: The President desires that you should proceed to London with as litle delay as possible, and place yourself as soon as you may be able to do so in communication with the Government. The events which have occurred since our commissioners had their first interview with Lord John Russell have placed our claims to recogniton in a much stronger point of view. But in presenting the case once more to the British Government you ought again to explain the true posi- tion in which we appear before the world. X\Te are not to be viewed as revolted province.s or rebellious subjects seeking to overthrow the lawful authority of a common sovereign. Neither are we warring for rights of a doubtful character or such as are to be ascertained only by implication. On the contrary, the Union from which we have withdrawn was founded upon the express stipulations of a writ- ten instrument which established a Government whose powers were to be exercised for certain declared purposes, and restricted within well-defined limits. When a sectional and dominant majority per- sistently violated the covenants and conditions of that compact, those States whose safety and well being depended upon the performance of these covenants were justly absolved from all moral obligation to remain in such a Union. And when the Government of that Union instead of affordingprotection to their social system, itself threatened not merely to disturb the peace and the security of its people, but also to destroy their social system, the States thus menaced owed it to themselves and their posterity to withdraw immediately from a union whose very bonds prevented them from defending themselves against such dangers. Such were the causes which led the Confed- erate States to form a new Union to be composed of more homo~ geneous materials and interests. l76429022-voL 31 Page 258 258 LIST OF PAPEflS. Experience had demonstrated to them that a union of two different and hostile social systems under a government in which one of them wielded nearly all the power was not only ill assorted but dangerous in the extreme to the weaker section whose scheme. of society was thus unprotected. Prompted by these teachings, 11 SoVereign States, bound together by the tie of a common social system and by the sympathies of identical interests, have instituted a new confederacy and a new government which they justly hope will 1)e more hariuoniz- ing in its operation and more permanent in its existence. In forming this government they seek to preserve their Ol(i institutions a nd lull sue through their new organic law the very ends and purposes for which as they believe the first was formed. It was because a revoln- tion was sought to be ma(le in the spirit and ends of the organtc law of their first union by a dominant and sectional majority o~)erating through the machinery of a government which was in their hands and Placed there for different purposes, that the Confederate States with- direw themselves from the jurisdiction of such a aovernment and es- tablished another for themselves. Their example therefore furnishes no precedent for the overthrow of the lawful authority of a regular government by revolutionary violence nor does it encd)urage a resort to factious tumult and civil war by irresponsible bodies of men. On the contrary their union has been formed through the regular action of the sovereign States composing the Confederacy and it has estab- lished a government competent to time discharge of all its civil func- tions and entirely responsible both in war and peace for all its actions. Nor has that government shown itself unmindful of the obligation which its people incurred whilst their States were mem- bers of the former union. On the contrary one of their first acts was to send commissioners to the Government at Washington to adjust amicably all subjects of difference and to provide for a peaceable separation audi a fair satisfaction of the mutual claims of the two confederacies. These commissioners were not received and all offers for a peaceful accommodation were contemptuously rejected. The authority of our Government itself was denied, its peol)le de- nounced as rebels, and a war was waged against them which ,~f car- ried on in the spirit it was I)roclaimed, must be the most sanguinary and barbarous which has been known for centuries among civilized peoI)le. The Confederate States have thus been forced to take up arms in defense of their right to self-government, and in tile name of that sacred right they have appealed to the nations of the earth not for material aid or alliances offensive andi defensive, but for the moral weight which they would derive from holdi~ig a recog- nized place as a free and independent. people. In asking for this they feel that they will not receive more than they will give in re- turn, and they offer, as they think, a full equivalent for any favor that may thus be granted them. Diplomatic relations are estab- lished mainly to protect human intercourse and to adjust peaceably the differences which spring from such intercourse or arise out of the conflicting interests of society. The advantages of such an in- tercouirse are mutual, and in oeneral as between. nations. any one h of them receives as much as it gives, to say nothing of the well-being of human society which is promoted by placing its relations under the protection and restraints of public law. It would seem, then Page 259 LIST OF PAPERS. 259 that a new confederacy asking to establish diplomatic relations with the world ought not to be required to do more than to present itself through a government competent to discharge its civil functions and strong enough to be responsible for its actions to the other nations of the earth. After this is shown, the great interests of peace and the general good of society would seeem to require that a speedy recognition should follow. It can not be difficult to show in our case a strict compliance with these, the just conditions of our recog- nition as an independent people. If we were pleading for favors, we might ask and find more than one precedent in British history for granting the request that we be recognized for the sake of that sacred right of self-government for which we are this day in arms, and which we have been taii~ht to prize by the teachings, the traditions, and the example of the race from which we have sprung. But we do not l)lace ourselves before the bar of nations to ask for favors; we seek for what we believe to be justice not only to ourselves, but justice to the great interests of peace and humanity. If the recognition of our independence must finally come. and if it be only a work of time, it seems to be the duty of each of the nations of the earth to throw the moral weight of its recognition into the scale of peace as soon as possible. For to delay will only he to prolong unnecessarily the sufferings of war. If, then, our Government can be shown to be such as [hasi been here described, we shall place ourselves in the position of a l)eople who are entitled to a recognition of their independence. The physical and moral elements of our Confederacy, its great but undeveloped capacities, and its developed strength as proved by the history of the conflict in which we are now engaged ought to satisfy the world of the responsible character of the Government of the Confederate States. The 11 States now confederated together cover 733,144 square miles of territory, and embrace 9,244.000 people; this territory~ large enough to become the seat of an immense power, embraces not only all the best varieties of climate and production known to the Temperate Zone, but also the great staples of cotton, tobacco, sugar, and rice. It teems with the resources. both moral and physical, of a great empire, and nothing is wanted but time and peace for their development. To these States there will probably be added here- after Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky, whose interests and sym- pathies must binti them to the South. If these are added, the Confederate States will embrace 8~0 0% square miles of territory and twelve and a. half millions of people, to say nothing of the once common territories west of these States which will probably fall into the new Confederacy. Is it to be sup- l)osed that such a people, and with such resources, can be subdued in war, when subjugation is to be follow-ed by such consequences as would result from their conquest? If such a supposition pre- vails anywhere, it can find no countenance in the history of the contest in which we are now engaged. In the commencement of this struggle our enemies had in their possession the machinery of the old Government. The Naval and, for the most part, the Military Establishments were in their hands. They had, too, most of the accumulated capital and nearly all the manufacturers of arms, ord- nance, aiid of the necessaries of life, They had all the means o Page 260 260 LIST OF PAPERS. striking us hard blows before we could be ready to return them. And yet in the face of all this we have instituted a Government and placed more than 200,000 men in the field, with an adequate staff and commissariat. A still larger number of men are ready to take the field if it should become necessary, and experience has shown that the only limit to the disposition of the people to give what may be required for the war is to be found in their ability. The enemy, with greatly superior numbers, have been routed in pitched battles at Bethel and Manassas, in Virginia, and their recent defeat at Springfield, Mo., was almst as signal as that of Manassas. The comparatively little foothold which they have had in the Confed- erate States is gradually being lost, and after six months of war, in which they employed their best resources, it may truly be said they are much further from the conquest of the Southern States than they seemed to be when the struo~rle commenced. The Union feeling which was supposed to exist largely in the South, and which was known to us to be imaginary, is now shown jn the true light to all mankind. Never were any people more united than are those of the Confederate States in their purpose to maintain their independence at any cost of life and treasure, nor is there a party to be found anywhere in these States which p.rofesses a desire for a reunion with the United States. Nothing could prove this unanimity of feeling more strongly than the fact that this im- mense army may be said to have taken the field spontaneously and faster almost than the Government could provide for its organization and equipment. But the voluntary contributions of the people sup- plied all deficiencies until the Government could come to their assist- ance, as it has done, with the necessary military establishments. And what is perhaps equally remarkable, it may be said with truth that there has been no judicial execution for a political offense dur- ing the whole of the war, and so far as military offenses are con- cerned our prisons would be empty if it were not for a few captured spies. Under these circumstances, it would seem that the time has arrived when it would be proper in the Government of Great Brit- ain to recognize our independence. If it be obvious that the Con- federate States can not be conquered in this struggle, then the sooner the strife be ended the better for the cause of peace and the inter- ests of mankind. Under such circumstances to fail to throw the great moral influence of such a recognition into the scale of peace when this may be done without risk or danger may be to share in the responsibility for the longer continuance of an unnecessary war. This is a consideration which ought, perhaps, to have some weight with a nation which leads so largely, as does that of Great Britain, in the progress of Christian civilization. That the British people have a deep political and commercial inter- est in the establishment of the independence of the Confederate States must be obvious to all. Their real interest in that event is only a little less than our own. The great question of cotton supply, which has occupied their attention so justly and so anxiously for some years past, will then be satisfactorily settled. Whilst the main source of cotton production was in the hands of such a power as that of the late United States and controlled by those who were disposed to us Page 261 LIST OF PAPERS. 261 that control to acquire the supremacy in navigation, commerce, and manufactures over all rivals, there was just cause for anxiety on the part of nations who were largely dependent upon this source of sup- ply for the raw material of important manufactures. But the case will be far different when peace is conquered and the independence of the Confederate States is acknowledged. Within these States must be found for years to come the great source of cotton supply. So favorable a combination of soil, climate, and labor is nowhere else to be found. Their capacity for increased production has so far kept pace with the increased demand, and in time of peace it prom- ises to do so for a long while to come. In the question of the supply of this great staple there is a world-wide interest, and if the nations of the earth could choose for themselves a single depository for such an interest perhaps none could be found to act so impartially in that capacity as the Confederacy of Southern States. Their great interest is and will be for the long time to come in the production and ex- portation of the important staples so much sought by the rest of the world. It would be long before they would become the rivals of those who are largely concerned in navigation, manufactures, and com4 merce. On the contrary, these interests would make them valuable customers and bind them to the policy of free trade. Their early legislation, which has thrown open their navigation, foreign and coasting, to the free competition of all nations and which has imposed the lowest duties on imports consistent with their necessary revenue wants, proves the natural tendency of their commercial policy. Under such circumstances the supply of cotton to Great Britain would be as abundant, as cheap, and as certain as if these States were them- selves her colonies. The establishment of such an empire, committed, as it would be, to the policy of free trade by its interests and traditions, would seem to be a matter of primary importance to the progress of human industry and the great cause of human civilization. It would be of the deep.. est interest to such a government to preserve peace and to improve its opportunities for the pursuit of the useful arts. The residue of the world would find here, too, sources of supply of more than one of the great staples in which manufactures and commerce are most deeply interested, and these sources would probably prove to be not only constant, as being little likely to be troubled by the chances of war, but also of easy access to all who might desire to resort to them. In presenting the great importance of this question to the Govern.. mnent of Great Britain in its connection with their material interests you will not omit its bearing upon the future political relations be- tween the old and the new world. With a balance of power estab.. lished between the great confederacies on the North American Con~ tinent, the fears of a disturbance of the peace of the world from the desire for the annexation of contiguous territory on the part of a vast and overshadowing political and military organization will be dissipated. Under the former Union the slave-holding States had an interest in the acquisition of territory suitable to their institutions, in order to establish a balance of power within the Government for their own protection. This reason no longer exists, as the Confed- erate States have sought that protection by a separation from the Union in which their rights were endangered Page 262 262 LIST OF PAPERS. It is manifest from the nature of the interests that the Southern Confederacy in entering as a new member in the family of nations would exercise not a disturbing but a harmonizing influence on human society, for it would not only desire peace itself but to some extent become a bond of peace amongst others. In offering these views to the Government of Great Britain you will be able to say with truth that you present a case precisely and entirely within the principles upon which it has acted since 1821, principles so well stated by Lord John Russell in his dispatches upon the Italian question that they can not be better defined than in his own words. In his letter to Lord Cowlev of the 15th November, 1859, after adverting to the action of Great Britain in 1821 in regard to the declarations of the Congresses of Troppan and Laybach, in 1823 in regard to the Congress of \Terona, and 1825, 1827, and 1830 in the cases of the South American Republics, of Greece, and of Belgium he says: Thus in these five instances the policy of Great Britain appears to have been directed by a consistent principle. She uniformly with- held her consent to acts of intervention by force to alter the internal government of other nations; she uniformly gave her countenance and, if necessary, he~ aid to consolidate the de facto governments which arose in Europe or America. To recocrnize the Confederate States as an independent power would be to give her countenance to con- solidate a de facto government in America which is already supported by a force strong enough to defend it against all probable assaults. ~1~o withhold that recognition would certainly encourage the armed intervention of a government now foreign to us for the purpose of altering the internal government of the Confederate States of Amer- ica. In his letter of December 3, 1859, to Lord A. Loftus in regard to the controversy between Austria and her Provinces he says: We, at least, are convinced that an authority restored by force of arms, maintained by force of arms constantly opposed by the na- tional wishes, would afford no solid and durable basis for the pacifi- cation and welfare of Italy. Is not this sentiment still more applicable to the contest now being waged b~tween the United States and the Confederate States? Again, in his dispatch of November 26, 1859, to Earl Cowley, he declared that it would be an invidious task to discuss the reasons which, in the view of the people of central Italy, justified their acts. It will be sufficient to say that since the peace of 1815 her Majestys predecessors have recognized the separation of the Spanish colonies in South America from Spain, of Greece from the dominion of the Snltan, and of Belgium from Holland. In the opinion of her Majestys Government the reason adduced in favor of these separa- tions were not stronger than those which have been alleged at Flor- ence, Parma, Modena, and Bologna in justification of the course the people of those States have pursued. Were the reasons al1e~ed in the States of Florence, Parma,Modena, and Bologna, whose people are thus assumed to be the judges in a matter so nearly touching their happiness as their internal government, at all stronger than those alleged by the people of the 11 sovereign States now confederated together for withdrawing from a union formed by a voluntary compact upon conditions which were persist- ently violated and with covenants essential to their domestic repos Page 263 LIST OF PAPERS. 263 openly threatened to be broken? But appended to this letter of instructions you will find more extended extracts from the letters here referred to for your especial reference. There is yet another question of great practical importance to us and to the world which you will present on the first proper occasion to her Britannic Maj estfs Government. It was declared by the five great powers at the conference of Paris that blockades to be binding must be effectual, a principle long since sanctioned by leading publicists and now acknowledged by nearly all civilized nations. You will be furnished with abundant evidence of the fact that the blockade of the coasts of the Confederate States has not been effectual or of such a character as to the binding according to the declaration of the conference at Paris. Such being the case it may perhaps be fairly urged that the five great powers owe it to their own consistency and to the world to make good a declaration thus solemnly made. Propositions of such gravity and emaliating from sources so high may fairly be considered as affecting the general business relations of human society and as controlling in a great degree the calculations and arrangements of nations so far as they are concerned in the rules thus laid down. Men have a right to presume that a law thus proclaimed will be universally maintained by those who have the power to do so and who have taken it upon themselves to watch over its execution, nor will any suppose that par- ticular states or cases would be exempted from its operation under the influence of partiality or favor. If therefore we can prove the blockade to have been ineffecutal, we perhaps have a right to expect that thw nations assenting to this declaration of the conference at Paris will not consider it to be binding. We are fortified in this ex- pectation not only by their own declarations but by the nature of the interests affected by thie blockade. So far at least it has been proved that the only certain and sufficient source of cotton supply has been found in the Confederate States. It is probable thiat there are more people without than withiin the Confederate States who derive their means of living from the various uses which are made of this important staple. A war therefore which shuts up this great source of supply from the general uses of mankind is directed as muchi against those who transport and manufacture cotton as against those who produce the raw material. Innocent parties who are thus affected insist that a right whose exercise operates so unfavorably on them shall only be used within the strictest limits of public law. Would it not be a movement more in consonance with thie spirit of the age to insist that amongst the many efficient means of waging war thus one shiould be excepted in deference to the general interests of mankind, so many of whom depend for their means of living upon a ready and easy access to the greatest and cheapest cotton market in the world. If for the general benefit of commerce some of its great routes huave been neutralized so as to be unaffected by the chances of war, might not another interest of a greater and more world-wide importance claim at least so much consideration as to demand the benefit of every pre- sumption in favor of its protection against all the chances of war save those which arise under the strictest rules of public law. Thi Page 264 264 LIST OF PAPERS. is a question of almost as much interest to the world at large as it is to the Confederate States. No belligerent can claim the right thus to injure innocent parties by such a blockade except to the extent that it can be shown to furnish the legitimate, or perhaps we might go still further and say the necessary means to prosecute the war suc- cessfully. If it has become obvious, as would now seem to be the case, that no blockade which they can maintain will enable the United States to subdue the Confederate States of America, upon what plea can its further continuance be justified to third parties who are so deeply interested in a ready and easy access to the cheapest and most abundant sources of cotton supply. Perhaps we had the right to expect, inasmuch as by the proclamation of her Britannic Majesty, neutrality had been declared as between the belligerents, that one of the parties would not have been allowed to close the ports of the other by a mere proclaniation of blockade without an adequate force to sustain it. In presenting the various views contained in this letter of in- structions, you will say that they are offered as much in the general interests of mankind as in our own. We do not ask for assistance to enable us to maintain our independence against any power which has vet assailed us. The President of the Confederate States believes that he can not be mistaken in supposing it to be the duty of the nations of the earth by a prompt recognition to throw the weight of their moral influence against the unnecessary prolongation of the war. Whether the case now presented be one for such action, lie is perhaps not the most impartial judge. He has discharged his duty to other nations when he has presented to their knowledge the facts to which their only sure access is through himself, in such a manner as will enable them to acquit themselves of their responsibilities to the world according to their own sense of right. But while lie neither feels nor affects an indifference to the decision of the world upon these questions which deeply concern the interests Qf the Confederate States, he does not present their claim to a recognized place among the nations of the earth from the belief that any such recognition is necessary to enable them to achieve and secure their independence. Such an act might diminish the sufferings and shorten the duration of an unnecessary war; but with or without it he believes that the Confederate States under the guidance of a kind and over-ruling Providence will make good their title to freedom and independence and to a recognized place among the nations of the earth. When you are officially recognized by the British Government and diplomatic relations between the two countries are thus fully established, you will request an audience of her Majesty for the purpose of pre- senting your letters accrediting you as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States near her Majesty, and in that capacity you are empowered to negotiate such treaties as the mutual interests of both countries may require, subject, of course, to the approval of the President and the coordinate branch of the treaty-making power. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, R. M. T. HUNTER. lion, JAMES M. MASON Page 265 LIST OF PAPERS. 265 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Ricmioyu, September ~3, 1861. SIR: Along with this you xviii receive your letter of credence to the Government of France, to which the President desires you to present yourself as soon as possible. Our claims for recognition as an independent people have been made much stronger by events which have occurred since they xvere first presented by our commis- sioners. But before reinforcing those claims you will not fail to 1)1 ace the Confederate States in their true position before tho Govern- ment of France. You will show that they are not to be considered as revolted provinces or rebellious subjects seeking to overthrow by revolutionary violence the just authority of a lawful sovereign; but on the contrary they stand before the ,~world as organized parties maintainino t heir right to self-government with sufficient strength to make good their claim, and so organized as to be morally and politically responsible for their actions. Their first union was formed by a compact between sovereign and independent States upon covenants and conditions expressly stipulated in a written instru- ment called the Constitution. In that union the States constituted the units or integers and were bound to it only because the people of each of them acceded to it in their separate capacities through the acts of their representatives. That confederacy was designed to unite under one government two great and diverse social systems. under one or the other of which all the States might be classified. As these two social systems were unequally represented in the common government, it was sought to protect one against a warfare which might be waged by the other through the forms of law by carefully defined restrictions and limita- tions upon the power of the majority in the common government. Without such restrictions and limitations it is known historically that the Union could not have been formed originally. But the (lOlninant majority, which at last proved to be sectional in its char- acter, not only used the machinery of a government which they wielded to plunder the minority through un equal legislation in the shape of protective tariffs and appropriations made for their own benefit, but, proceeding from step to step, they waged through the forms of law a war upon~ the social system of the slave-holding States and threatened when fully armed with political power to use the Government itself to disturb the domestic peace of those States. Finding that the covenants and conditions upon which the Union was formed were not only persistently violated, but that the common government itself, then entirely in the hands of a sectional majority, was to be used for the purposes of warring upon the domestic insti- tuitions which it was bound by express stipulations to protect, 11 of the slave-holding States felt it to be due to themselves to withdraw from a union where the conditions upon which it was formed either had been or were certainly about to be violated. They were thus compelled to withdraw from a Government which not only abdicated its duty to protect the domestic institutions of 15 States, but, on the one hand, threatened those h~stitutions with war, and, on the other, withheld from the people interested in them the means of self-defense. The 11 Confederate States were thus forced in self-defense to abandon a union whose ends were thus per Page 266 266 LIST OF PAPERS. verted not from any passion for novelty or from any change of pur- pose, but to attain under a new confederacy of more homogeneous materials and interests the very ends and objects for which the first was formed. It was amongst the first of these objects to obtain a government whose authority should rest upon the assent of the gov- erned and whose action should represent also their will. It was for the sacred right of self-government that they have been forced to take up arms, and not to escal)e the just obii~ations incurred under the compact upon which the first union was formed. On the con- trary, oiie of the first acts of the Government of the Confederate States was to send commissioners to the President of the United States to adjust amicably and fairly all questions of pr()j)erty and responsibility which had been jointly acquired or incurred by all the States when embraced in die same union. The Government of the United States refused to receive these commissioners, the authority of their Government was denied, their people were denounced as rebels and threatened with coercion at the point of the sword. On the part of the Confederate States the war in its inception was one of self-defense, and it has been waged since by them with no other end than to maintain their right to self-government. It is in the name of the sacred right of self-government that the Confederate States appear before the tribunal of the iiations of the earth and submit their claims for a recognized place amongst them. They al)l)roachi his Imperial Majesty of France with the more confidence as lie has lately championed this great cause in the recent Italian qtiestion, so much to the glory of himself and the great people over whom he rules. In asking for this recoonition the Government of the Confederate States believes that it seeks for no more thiami it offers in return. The establishment of diplomatic relations between nations tends to the protection of human intercourse by affording the means of a peaceful solution of all difficulties which may arise in its progress and by facilitating a mutual interchiange of good offices for the purposes of maintaining and extending it. In this all nations have an interest, and the advantages of such an intercourse are mutual and reciprocal. Thie omily prehimiiinary con- ditions to the recognition of a nation seeking an acknowledged place in the world would seem to be the existence of a sufficient strength within the Government to support and maintain it and such a social and political organization as will secure its responsibility for its international obligations. It will be easy to show that the Govern- ment of the Confederate States of America is fully able to nieet the requisitions of these tests. When we look to thie undeveloped capaci- ties as well as the developed strength of the Confederate States we can not doubt that they are destined to become the seat of a great empire at no distant day. The 11 Confederate States already corn- prise T33,144 square miles of territory, with a population of 9,244.000 people. If to this we add the three States of Maryland~ Missouri, and Kentucky. all of which will probably find themselves con- strained as well by interest as inclimiation to unite their fortunes with the Confederate States, then these will embrace territory of 8~0,000 square miles, with a populatiomi of twelve and a half mil- lions of people. This estimate excludes a large territory notyet organized into States, and which in the end will probably fall into the Southern Confederacy. The territory of the Confederate state Page 267 LIST OF PAPERS. 267 as they now stand embraces all the best varieties of climate and pro~ duction known to the Temperate Zone. In addition to this, it produces the great staples of cotton, sugar, tobacco, and rice, to say nothing of naval stores which are now exported from it and of provisions which it is capable of producing ~n excess of the wants of its people. This vast region aire~(~~~ enjoys, through its rivers, a. great system of water communication, and 8~84~ miles of railroad, running for the most part transversely to these rivers, diversif itiply as to ~ and ~ the channels of commerce to such an extent promise development of the vast resources of the new empire. If peace were now established, it is not extravagant to suppose that the exl)orts of the Confederate States would within a year reach the value of S25Q000~000. With a crop of 4,500,000, or perhaps even 5,000,000, bales of cot- ton, most of which would be exported, together with its tobacco, sugar, rice, and naval stores, it would easily send abroad the value just named. But, without reference to its undeveloped capacities, you may show that they have exhibited stren~xtli enouszh to maintain their independence against any power which has as vef assailed them. The United States commenced this struggle with vast odds in their favor. The Military and Naval Establishments were in their hands; they were als~ in possession of the prestige and machinery of an old and established Government. Many of the forts and strongholds of the Confederate States were in their hands. They had most of the accumulated wealth of the country and nearly all the manufactories of the munitions of war, and even of the necessaries of life. Add to all these advantages the greater population of that Union, and it is easy to see that the self-supporting power of the new Confederacy has been exposed to the severest tests and rudest trial. And yet the Confederate armies have conquered in every pitched battle, and that with great odds against them. At Bethel and Manassas, in Virginia, and at Springfield, in Mis- souri, the United States troops have been routed at great loss and without dispute. The foothold which the United States troops at first acquired within the Confederate States is being rapidly lost, an(l the United States Government has given manifest evidences of its fears that its seat of Government may be wrested from it. This exhibition of strength on the part of the Confederate States, which was so unexpected by its enemies, proves that its moral are oTeater even than its physical resources for the purposes of this struggle. Without an army and with a new Government, whose necessary establishments were all to be formed in the midst of a civil war, the Confederate States not. only manifested their military superiority in the first pitched battles but have alreadly placed more than 200.000 men in the field who are armed, equipped, and regularly supplied by the necessary establishments. These sprang into existence almost by the spontaneous efforts of the people and came into the field faster even than the Government could prepare for them. But voluntary contributions and aid supplied all deficiencies until the necessary military establishments were formed. It would seem, then, that the new confederacy has given all the evidence in proof of its power to maintain its independence which could reasonably be asked. That its organization is such as to insure its responsibility for the (u Page 268 268 LIST OF PAPERS. charge of international duties will also appear upon an impartial examination of the question. The action of the Confederate States in their separation from the old Union presents xvithin itself the evidence of their persistency of purpose an,d affords a guaranty for the stability of their institutions so far as these may be dependent upon their own will. They have preserved the same form of govern- ment which their forefathers established, with the exception of such changes alone as would make its machinery more suitable for the ends and purposes for which it was created. It was not to change but to preserve the ends and purposes for which the original Consti- tution was adopted that they separated from a union which had ceased to respect them. They have neither changed their form of government nor the objects for which it was framed; they have only changed the parties to the confederacy to secure a faithful execution of the compact upon which alone they were willing to unite. The former union had failed to accomplish its original ends for the want of a homogeneous character in the parties to it, and having left it for that cause there can be no reason to expect its reconstruction with the same dis- cordant elements whose jarring had destroyed it before. The whole course, then, of the Confederate States argues a consistency of pur- pose and promises a stability for the Government which they have formed which, together with the resources already exhibited by them, give a reasonable assurance of their entire responsibility for the dis- charge of all their duties and obligations, domestic and international. A people who present themselves under such circumstances for a recognized place amongst nations would seem to be entitled to the grant of such a request. They do not seek for material aid or as- sistance or for alliances defensive and offensive. They ask nothing which can endanger the peace or prosperity of those who may grant it. They desire only to be placed in a position in which their inter- course with the rest of the world may be conducted with the sanction of public law and under the protection of agents ~vhose authority is recognized by nations. They seek the moral influence which the act of recognition may give them and nothing more. If it be manifest that the war of conquest now waged against them can not succeed, then the act of recognition is a mere question of time. If the fact be as stated the tendency of the act of recognition would be to prevent the further continuance of an unnecessary war and the useless effusion of blood. It may well be doubted if under such circumstances the nation which thus refuses to throw the moral weight of. its influence in the scale of peace does not share in some of the responsibilities for the continuance of an unnecessary war which it might have done something to conclude without risk or in- jury to itself. Indeed, it may be said without exaggeration that France has a deep material and political interest in the establish- ment of the independence of the Confederate States. It is the event of all others which would give the most satisfactory solution to the great question of cotton supply for the manufacturing nations of Europe. That the great source of the production of this raw ma- terial which enters so largely into the manufacturing industry of Europe has been found in the Confederate States of America is an undoubted fact. That this will continue to be the case for ~ lon Page 269 LIST OF PAPERS. 269 time to come is in every way probable, for no other country presents the same combination of soil, climate, and trained labor which is all essential to the successful production of cotton. If one country is to be the great source for the supply of this article so indispensable to the manufacturing industry of the world, the nations of the earth have the deepest interests in placing it in a position of independence and impartiality in regard to the distribu- tion of the raw material for which the demand is so immense. If any one country is to have a virtual monopoly of the supply of raw cotton, then the world would have the deepest interest in opening it to the easy and equal access of all mankind. Such would be the case if the depositing of this great interest should be found in a country on the one hand strong enough to maintain its neutrality and inde- pendence, and on the other committed by. its interests to the policy of free trade and an untrammeled intercourse with all the world. Such would be the precise position of the Confederate States when once their independence was achieved, and as a proof that this would be the natural tendency of their policy we have only to look to their early legislation which reduced the duties on imports to the lowest rates consistent with their necessities for revenue, and opened their coasting trade to the free and equal competition of all mankind. Nor is cotton the only great staple of which the Confederate States are likely to become not the sole, but one of the chief depositories upon terms of equality to all the world. Tobacco, sugar, rice, and naval stores are to be added to the catalogue of their rich and important products. Nature has thus made it to their interest to buy where they can purchase cheapest and sell in as many markets as possible. To do this, as they will deal more in raw produce than in manufactures, they will seek to take in return the commodities of the rest of the world on the payment of the lowest duties consistent with their revenue wants. They will then virtually stand as the customers, and not as the rivals, of the commercial and manufacturing nations of Europe. But there is another point of view in which the inde- pendence of the Confederate States would more peculiarly interest France. The immense development of her Navy in a few years past has shown not only that her capacity for asserting her equality on the seas has not been properly appreciated heretofore, but also that this relative capacity has been increased by the use of steam. In this view, the further development of her commercial marine and an easy access to a cheap and certain supply of coal, iron, and naval stores have become matters of primary importance to her. The com- merce of the Confederate States, when disembarrassed of the enor- mous protective tariffs to which it was subjected under the former Union, together with the almost inexhaustible supply of cheap coal, iron, and naval stores which it could furnish, present the means for a further and vast development of the commercial and naval marine of France. She could then find as cheap ships, or as cheap raw material for the building of ships, as could be commanded by any European nation. Depots of coal for her steam marine in these States could be made at less cost and be of more convenient access for use on a large portion of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans than if they had been found originally in mines in France Page 270 270 LIST OF PAPERS. That these are no new considerations for the French Government is shown by the interest which it exhibited in the negotiations by which a French company would have secured the great water line in Virginia through which, when completed, the richest and most inexhaustible supplies of bituminous coal to be found, perhaps. in the world would have been transported from its native depositories in the West to the shores of the Chesapeake in the East. Nothing but the occuri1ence of civil war prevented the completion of this arrangement between this French company and the Virginia legis- lature, by which France would have secured a certain and almost inexhaustible supply of cheap coal, iron, and timber. All this is fully stated in regard to the resources of Virginia in a letter of Alfred Paul, French consul at Richmond, to Mr. Thouvenel, minister of foreign affairs, France, dated June 5, iSGO, and, as it may be well to recall the attention of the Government to it, a copy will be sent you. In the enumeration of the resources of Virginia which would thus be opened to France, he says: In coal and iron Virginia ex- cels all the other States of the Union. The fact is recognized, admit- ted. He thus specifies the advantages which France would derive from the proposed connection which was about to be formed with ~iroinia: First. Facilities for obtaining the raw materials in France at first hand, and cheaper, which would enable French industr to encounter foreign (Olape- tition with superior advantages. Second. A considerable diminution in the expenses of the purchase and expe- dition of tobacco for the Government factories. Third. The arrival, the introduction of our produce by a shorter und cheaper route into the South, the West, and the center of the United States. Fourth. A relative augmentation in the movement of our commercial marine. Fifth. Rapid and a(lvantageous provisions of copper, machine oil, tar, bacon, and salt pork of the West, and building timber for our naval arsenals. Sixth. Cheapness of coal for our different maritime stations. seventh. An immense opening in the great West of the United States for French merchandise. Eighth. The probability of seeing Norfolk 1 come an entrepOt for the produc- tions of French industry and commerce to be distributed in part in Central anti South America by vessels taking them to complete their cargoes. The establishment of the independence of the Confederate States would secure to France large supplies of coal, iron, and naval stores in exchange for her manufactures and other products beyond almost all the probable chances of war. Committed as these Confederate States would be to the policy of free trade by their interests and traditions, they would naturally avoid war and seek for peace with all the world. It may almost be said that to secure the independence of these States is to secure the independence of the great commercial and manufacturing nations of Europe in regard to the supplies of cotton and tobacco and to give France such an independent source for the supply of cheap coal, iron, and naval stores as to place her more nearly on terms of equality with Great Britain in building up a navy and merchant marine. Ihe European nations might then be said to be independent so far as their supplies are concerned, because they would be dependent only on a country whose interests would open its matkets to the cheap and easy access of all the world and which would have every inducement to preserve the peace. But the independence of these States is essential to the certainty of suppl Page 271 LIST OF PAPERS. 271 and the ease of access to their markets, which are so important to the manufacturing and commercial nations of the earth. If it were pos- sible for the United States to subdue the Confederates and subject them once more to their Government, then France would have much cause for apprehension in regard to the future condition of her commerce and manufactures. The nonslaveholdino States would undoubtedly use their control over the markets and staples of the South to secure a supremacy in commerce, navigation, and manu- factures. There are also political considerations connected with this ques- tion which can not be uninteresting to the Government of France. By the establishment of a great Southern Confederacy a balance of power is secured in North America, and schemes of conquest or an- nexation on the part of a great and overshadowing empire would probably no longer disturb the repose of neighboring nations. Heretofore the South has desired the annexation of territory suitable to the growth of her domestic institutions in order to establish a balance of power within the Government that they might protect their interests and internal peace through its agency. This reason no longer exists, as the Confederate States have sought that protec- tion by a separation from the Union, in which their rights were endangered. But with the establishment of something like a balance of power between the two great and independent confederacies the disputes would precede the annexations and probably do much to prevent them. Certain it is that the Southern Confederacy would have every reason to preserve peace both at home and abroad and would be prevented both by its principles and interests from inter- vention in the domestic affairs and government of other nations. The power of that Confederacy would undoubtedly be felt not as a disturbing but as a harmonizing influence amongst the nations of the earth. There is yet another question of great practical importance to us and to the world which you will present on the first proper occasion to his Imperial Majestys Government. It was declared by the five great powers at the conference of Paris that blockades to be binding must be effectual, a principle long since sanctioned by leading pub- licists and now acknowledged by nearly all civilized nations. X ou will be furnished with abundant evidence of the fact that the block- ade of the coasts of the Confederate States has not been effectual or of such a character as to be binding according to the declaration of the conference at Paris. Such being the case, it ma~~ perhaps be fairly urged that the five great powers owe it to their own consistency and to the world to make good a declaration thus solemnly made. Propositions of such gravity and emanating from sources so high may fairly be considered as affecting the general business relations of human society and as controlling in a great degree the calculations and arrangements of nations so far as they are concerned in the rules thus laid down. Men have a right to presume that a law thus.pro- claimed will be uniforifily enforced by those who have the power to do so and who have taken it upon themselves to watch over its execution, nor will any suppose that particular States or cases would be exempted from its operation nuder the influence of partiality or favor. If, therefore, we can prove the blockade to have been ineffec- tual, we perhaps have a right to expect that the nations assenting t Page 272 272 LIST OF PAPERS. this declaration of the conference at Paris will not consider it to be binding. We are fortified in this expectation not only by their own declaration but by the nature of the interests affected by the blockade. So far at least it has been proved that the only certain and sufficient source of cotton supply has been found in the Confederate States. It is probable that there are more people without than within the Confederate States who derive their means of living from the various uses which are made of this important staple. A war, therefore, which shuts up this great source of supply from the general uses of mankind is directed as much against those who transport and manufacture cotton as against those who produce the raw material. Innocent parties who are thus affected may well insist that a right whose exercise operates so unfavorably on them shall only be used within the strictest limits of public law. Would it not be a movement more in consonance with the spirit of the age to iiisist that amongst the many efficient means of waging war this one should be excepted in deference to the general interests of mankind, so many of whom depend for their means of living upon a ready and easy access to the greatest and cheapest cotton market of the world? If for the general benefit of commerce some of its great routes have been neutralized so as to be unaffected by the chances of war, might not another interest of a greater and more world-wide importance claim at least so much consideration as to demand the benefit of every presumption in favor of its protection against all the chances of war save those which arise under the strictest rules of public law? This is a question of almost as much interest to the world at large as it is to the Confederate States. No belligerent can claim the right thus to injure innocent parties by such a blockade, except to the ex- tent that it can be shown to furnish the legitimate, or perhaps we might go still further and say the necessary, means to prosecute the war successfully. If it has become obvious, as would now seem to be the case, that no blockade which they can maintain will enable the United States to subdue the Confederate States of America, upon what plea can its further continuance be justified to third parties who are so deeply interested in a ready and easy access to the cheapest and most abundant sources of cotton supply? In presenting the various views contained in this letter of in- structions you will say that they are offered as much in the general interests of humanity as in our own. We do not ask for assistance to enable us to maintain our indepen& nce against any power which has yet assailed us. The President of the Confederate States believes that he can not be mistaken in supposing it to be the duty of the nations of the earth by a prompt recognition to throw the weight of their moral influence against the unnecessary prolongation of the ivar. Whether the case now presented be one for such action, he is perhaps not the most impartial judge. He has acquitted himself of his duty to other nations when he has presented to their knowledge the facts to which their only sure access is through himself in such a manner as will enable them to acquit themselves of their responsi- bilities to the world according to their own sense of right. Bnt whilst he neither feels nor affects an indifference to the decision of the world upon these questions which deeply concern the interests of the Confederate States, he does not present their claim to a reco Page 273 LIST OF PAPERS. 273 nized place amongst the nations of the earth from the belief that any such recognition is necessary to enable them to achieve and secure their independence. Such an act might diminish the sufferings and shorten the duration of an unnecessary war, but with or without it he believes that the Confederate States, under the guidance of a kind and overruling Providence, will make good their title to freedom and independence and to a recognized place amongst the nations of the earth. When you are officially recognized by the French Government and diplomatic relations between the two countries are thus fully estab- lished, you will request an audience of his Imperial Majesty for the purpose of presenting your letter accrediting you as envox ex- traordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Confederate States near his Imperial Majesty, and in that capacity you are empowered to negotiate such treaties as the mutual interests of both countries may require, subject, of course, to the approval of the President and the coordinate branch of the treaty-making power. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, R. M. T. HUNTER. Hon. JOHN SLIDELL. No. 10.1 STATE DEPARTMENT, Richmond, Va., September 23, 1861. SIR: I have been informed by Mr. Williams, late U. S. minister to Constantinople, that he was requested by you to intimate to the President your desire to be relieved from your duties as commissioner of the Confederate States and to return to this country. The Hon. L. P. Walker also stated that he had no doubt that Mr. Williams had correctly represented your wishes. Mr. Williams further said that you would have sent by him an official application for your recall had he not been unable from the necessity of visiting Washington to carry dispatches of any sort from your commission, and that you desire him to represent that fact to this Department. I have communicated your request to the President, and he desires me to say to you that if you are still desirous to return home he accepts your resignation with regret, but that if anything has occurred to change your determination since Mr. Williams left Europe he desires that you shall continue in the diplomatic service of the Government and give your country the benefit of your ability and experience. I have the honor to be, etc., R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. lion. Wi~i. L. YANCEY. No. 11.] STATE DEPARTMENT, Richmond, Va., September 23, 1861. SIR: The President having resolved at the request of Congress to disunite the commission of the Confederate States now in Europe and to send separate commissioners to the principal Governments 176429022voL 31 Page 274 274 LIST OF PAPERS. on that continent, I have the honor to inform you that it is the Presi- dents desire that you should represent the Confederate States in Belgium, to the Government of which country you already have let- ters of credence and introduction. The instructions which you received on your departure from Montgomery you will follow so far as applicable, during your resi- dence at Brussels. I have further to inform you that the President has appointed the Hon. James M. Mason, of Virginia, commissioner to Great Britain, on his arrival in London he will confer freely with you on the subject of his mission, and I am confident that you will give him the benefit of your advice and experience in relation thereto. I have the honor, etc. R. M. T. HUNTER, Hon. A. DUDLEY MANN. Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Riclunond, September 27, 1861. Siii: I have the honor to inform you that all the papers relating to Mr. Pikes mission to the Indian tribes, comprising treaties to which you refer, are on file in the War Department. I am, sir, very respectfully, WM. M. BROWNE, A8sistant Secretary. General COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General, Confederate AStates of America, etc. Dispatch No. 1.] LONDON, September 80, 18611. SIR: I have the honor to inform you, that the papers forwarded by the Department to me by the hands of * * * were not re- ceived until Saturday night, August 17; that on the following Thurs- day I left Kentucky for Europe via Canada, taking such route and precaution as was necessary to allay suspicion and prevent my arrest, all of which, together with the reasons for the plan adopted will be explained to the Department at another time, it being only necessary now to remark that I arrived here, without interruption or accident, on the 17th instant, and will sail .for Havana on the 2d ultimo, that being the first opportunity after my arrival, the steamer from South- ampton to Havana sailing once a month only. The time spent here has been employed in consultations with the agents of the Govern- ment, in the adopti?n of plans for carrying out the great object of their mission, and in arranging the mode of my cooperation with them; and therefore we feel that it is fortunate that I took England en route. You will be informed that a large shipment of arms, clothing, powder, etc., will be made by the agents in a sailing vessel in October, and that it has been arranged that the vessel is to call Lit Cardenas for instructions from me. This cargo must of necessity be discharged and stored if it is found that the vessel can not safel Page 275 LIST OF rAPERS. 275 run into some one of our ports, which question can not be decided until I reach Cuba. I have therefore respectfully to request that, through the Secretary of the Navy, I be furnished with all such information touching the blockade and the coast of the Confederate States as he may deem proper and necessary to aid me in the prem- ises. I would also suggest that he send me one or two well-informed and trustworthy pilots and the address of persons on the Florida coast with whom I may safely communicate when an opportunity offers. This he may do through the means of a small boat leaving the coast at night, which with a favorable breeze would reach the Cuban coast before daylight. I have also to state that I shall require funds at Havana to pay the port charges of vessels sent to me, to pay the storage and com- mission in the discharge and reshipment of cargo, and in the charter or purchase of vessels to be employed in turning in this and the other cargo to be sent forward. Your predecessor, Mr. Toombs, informed me in his verbal instructions that I would be furnished with ample funds for this and other necessary purposes in credits on London, but which was not done. If my cooperation with the agents here and at Liverpool is to be effective, there should be no delay in placing funds at my disposal, as you will at once see that a failure to do so mightcertainly wouldresult in great loss and serious incon- venience to the Government. My personal credit at Havana will enable me to negotiate on the best terms any bills of exchange or drafts von may forward me on London or Liverpool. I have the honor to be, with very great respect, Your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Ric1~mond. [Telegram.] CHARLESTON, S. C., October 1, 1861. All right so far, but impossible to move on account of weather. I will telegraph immediately when the time comes. W. H. TRESOOT. R M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. CHARLESTON, S. C., October 8, 1861. Three steamers and a sloop of war now blockading the harbor. Two of the steamers, frigates, arrived in the last twenty-four hours. It is thought thus an even chance of success. We shall accordingly take the route through Texas to Matamoras, Mexico, unless otherwise directed. Reply at once, and if the change of route is acceded to, request the Secretary of War to direct officers o~ the army on the route to give all facilities of transportation. Write to New Orleans. JOHN SLIDELL. J. MI. MASON. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER Secretary of State Page 276 276 LIST OF PAPERS. CHARLESTON, S. C., October 4,1861. Your telegram received. We can not get out safely by the Nash- ville. Route to Mexico believed impracticable from delay. Steamer Gordon now chartered by Government at $200 a day for harbor services, light draft, freighted for carrying cannon, and been in use as a privateer; a good sea boat; tonnage upward of 500 tons; can go at any time by any route to Nassau or Havana offered at $62,000, or chartered to either port at $10,000 for the trip, owners to pay all expenses. Government to pay value if ciiptured. Will be very use- ful for coast defense. We will go at once on her if authorized, and think the charter price may be reduced one-half. One or more naval officers to go on her as may be ordered. JOHN SLIDELL. J. M. MASON. Hon. iR. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. [Telegram.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Rirhinond, October 5, 1861. You can take the Gordon on charter if you conclude to go that way. Charter her on as cheap terms as possible. Secretary of Navy thinks the Nashville the safer of the two. It is thought here that it would be safer to go to Bermuda if you take the Gordon. Use your best discretion. IR. M. T. HUNTER, Messrs. JOHN SLIDELL and JAMES M. MASON. Secretary of State. CHARLESTON, S. C., October 5,1861 DEAR SIR: It seems due to ourselves and to the occasion that you should be informed fully of the causes of delay, with the difficulties attending our expected departure from this port. The confidence of success expressed by those in charge of the subject when we left Richmond seems to have been based on the state of facts then, and perhaps for time previously, existing in regard to the blockade. There had been, it appears, but two ships off the harbor, generally a steam frigate and sloop of war, and the expectation was that, going out at night through the main channel, we might elude observation; or, if disappointed in that, could escape through the speed of our ship. For a day or two after our arrival the tide did not serve for departure at night; then there came strong winds at night which, although they drove the squadron out to sea, by reason of the surf created on the bar, prevented our passing over it. Before this ob- stacle ceased the squadron reappeared with the addition of another steamer, a clipper-built propeller, and from her trim appearance apparently a fast ship. It was then projected to make the attempt through the Maffitt Channel, though without the full sanction of the pilots, and this I believe we should have attempted but for the appearance at that time of another steam frigate, thus making the squadron to consist of three steamers besides the sloop of war. Suc Page 277 LIST OF PAPERS. 277 sudden and unusual accessions to the blockade of the port made us infer (as a high probability at least) that our presence here and purpose had reached the enemy, and we were the cause of the unusual preparation we witnessed. Mr. Slidell had determined to send his family back, and after full consi(leration of the whole case we could see no alternative but to take the route through Mexico, and so advised you by telegraph accordingly. Whilst awaiting your reply the plan was suggested which was the subject of our telegram last night. There is a steamer belonging to this port and owned here called the Cordon, now and for some time past under charter to the Government for harbor service at, we are told, $210 per day. She is something more than 500 tons burden and was used as a coasting packet, crossing occasionally to Havana. After the war she was strengthened and refitted to be used as a l)rivateer and was so used for a short time, having now on board three rifled cannon. Her speed is equal to 15 knots per hour and may be increased to 16, and of so light a draft of water that she can pass the bar at any time and is not confined to the channel ways. This account of the steamer we got from gentlemen here long acquainted with her and interested only to serve our cause. She is used every night to reconnoiter the enemy, going safely out to sea where they lie, and keeping only out of reach of their guns. In the last two days he has done the same thing in the daytime, having on board Captains Ingraharn and Pegram, with other officers of the Nash- ville, and accompanied yesterday by Mr. Slidell, with two of the young ladies of his family, they approached within less than 3 miles of the squadron, and were not molested, the steamers remain- ing at anchor. The squadron has become so familiar with the nightly and occasionally daily proximity of this boat, of whose speed they are fully aware, that her persence does not disturb them. They used to give her chase. The naval officers here do not doubt that this steamer can run the blockade successfully day or night, and if pursued can not be overtaken. She can take a supply of coal for six or seven days without impairing her speed and make the run suc- cessfully to Nassau or Havana, as may be decided on. Communicat- ing with the owners, she is offered for sale at $62,000, the alleged cost to them, or for charter at $10,000 for the trip to either of the ports named, the owners to bear all the expenses of the trip, reserving the privilege of bringing back some $7,000 worth of cigars and other light articles. Mr. Trenholm, known at the State Department as an enlightened and patriotic merchant here, and to whom we are much indebted for his valuable counsels and aid, says that this charter money may be reduced probably one-half upon this privilege of re- turn cargo, and to effect which (should the Government determine to charter) he will lend his aid and cooperation. I should add that in conversation yesterday in presence of Captains Jngraham and Pegram, they agreed that the steamer Cordon, if p~~- chased, would be a very valuable acquisition for coast defense. Her present armament is of good caliber, one a large pivot gun, appar- ently a 32-pounder, though unfortunately I did not make minute inquiry when on board. She is also amply provided with small arms as a privateer Page 278 278 LIST OF PAPERS. I have thought this explanation due tha~t you may have the facts and I be relived of any apparent vascillation of purpose. It remains only to add that, come what may, if sanctioned by the Government, we will embark at once in the Cordon, and doubt not can make the voyage successfully. Otherwise no alternative would seem to remain but the route through Mexico, with its attendant difficulties and de- lays. Very respectfully, and truly, yours, J. M. MASON. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. P. 8.I have read the foregoing to Mr. Slidell, who concurs in its statements. I omitted to state that on yesterday morning five ships were pres- ent off the harbor, the fifth being a steamer. J. M. M. No. 8.] (7oM~IssIoN OF THE CONFEDERATE STATE5 OF AMERICA, Paris, October 5, 1861. Sw: We have the pleasure of acknowledging the receipt on the 1st instant of your dispatch numbered 7, and dated 29th July, 1861. In a previous dispatch the commission had announced an inten- tion to proceed to Paris for the purpose of opening negotiations with the French Government for the re(~ognition df the independence of the Confederate States, but this has been postponed from various causes, chief among which was the hope of the receipt of a dispatch containing some instructions from the President upon points which we had submitted, as well as the daily expectation of receiving news of important military events before Washington. We have been reliably informed that the British ministry, since the date of Earl Russells last communication to the commission, has .been anxiously considering the question of recognition Rnd, while earnestly desiring to acknowledge the independence of the Confed- eracy, yet hesitates to take the initiative. We are also reliably informed that Great Britain, through its min- ister here, has been urging the French Government to take the lead in recognizing the independence of the Confederacy, declaring its intention to follow in the same line of policy; but that the Linper- ors cabinet at present declines to do so, while at the same time it would be willing to enter into a joint act of recognition. For some strange reasonsmost probably founded in the compli- cations of European relationsEngland holds aloof from joint action in the matter. This subject, as we understand, has engaged the attention of the cabinet in council here during the present week, since the Emperors return to Paris. We learn that a majority of the cabinet and the Emperor are favorably disposed to our cause. In the meantime there is much distress among the laboring poor in England, and far more m France. In England cotton ranges from 15 to 22 cents per pound, with not enough to last, if the usual amount is consumed, till the middle of December. Manufacturers are working but little more than hal Page 279 LIST OF PAPERS. 279 time, and paying diminished wages to the laborer. The grain crop, too, in England, though of admirable quality, is not an average one, and a large amount will have to be bought. In France, the defi- ciency in the harvest is estimated to equal in value ~2OO,O0QOOO. The commerce and manufacturing interests of this country are greatly depressed. Government revenue is largely diminished on account of the stoppage of the southern supply of tobacco. The immense number of poor laborers thus thrown out of employ are suffering very greatly even thus early in the fall season. Discontent among them is being manifested. We have heard of large munbers of them assembling in murmuring complaints not far from Paris, and that on night before last an attempt at insurrection was made and sup- I)ressed in one of the suburbs. These unhappy facts are acting as stimulants to urge both England and France to an act of recognition, and we have brighter and better assured hopes of achieving it than we have had at any time before since our arrival in Europe. At the same time there are very active and powerful influences at work against us in both of these countries. In England the chief is the Exeter Hall interest, and in France the Orleanists and the Red Republicans. The great drawback, howeverand one which we possess no means of avoiding or neutralizingis that telegrams from America and newspaper accounts of events North and South are all written by Northern pens under the influence of a national mendacity which the world has never before witnessed. The intense interest felt in the contest induces all persons to seek for the earliest informa- tion, and these accounts are read with avidity. Wlwn, a month or two after, some faint glimpses of the truth are obtained by those of us who are interested in learning it, that particular event has lost its interest to the community, and the public journals never make cor- rections or allude to the falsity of previous accounts. It is true a very great distrust is entertained in London and Paris of Northern bulletins, but to take advantage of that distrust and achieve a benefit to the South from its noble exertions the public need the true state- ment of facts upon which to rest. This unfortunately we do not obtain until long after the interest has passed to fresher occurrences. The accounts received here of the Hatteras affair, the statements made as to disaffection of the people disclosed by it in North Caro- lina, the assertions of large numbers of troops being forced to leave Virginia to defend the Southern coasts from similar attacks, the action of the Kentucky Legislature, have of late rather checked the belief that the South would undoubtedly achieve a triumpb~ The result of the military operations in the neighborhood of Wash- ington are [is] looked to by Europeans with intense interest, as in a large degree decisive of the conflict. ITudoubtedly a signal triumph of the Confederate Army over General McClellan, if known here unshorn of its genuine character, will at once sway the balance of opinion in Europe and in the ministries of England and France in favor of immediate recognition. We have asked for an unofficial interview with the Emperor. Up to the closing of this dispatch we have received no reply to our re- quest. The Emperor will leave Paris for CompMgne at 2 p. m. to-day to receive the King of Prussia and will probably be absent a week Page 280 280 LIST OF PAPERS. Our colleague, Mr. Mann, remains in London, but will join us in the event of an interview being accorded. He has written to us announcing the arrival in London on the 4th instant of Mr. Hotze, of the Confederate States Army, with letters from the War Depart- ment to its agents under date of 6th September. It may be Pr?per to state that the opinion expressed by us as to the effect of military successes by the Confederate Army is based upon an interview held yesterday by Mr. Rost with the minister of marine and the colonies. It may also be proper to state that all the dispatches of the State Department previous to No. 7 have been received. We have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servants, W L. YANCEY. P. A. ROST. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER. CHARLESTON, Oetober 9, 1861. DEAR SIR: By telegram yesterday I informed you that, pursuant to the authority given us by the State Department, we have chartered the steamer Gordon for our transportation either to Nassau or Havana. The ternis of the charter party are, for the consideration of $10,000 the ship s to go to either of those ports, or to both, at our option, with a clause reserving the right to extend the voyage to any other of the West Iiidies at the price of $500 per day for the extra service. We do not expect to have occasion for this latter service, but thought it best to provide for it, in the possible contingency of its becoming necessary to go to St. Thomas or other islands to meet the British steamer. It is thought here by those well informed that the Gordon is not sufficiently a sea boat for the more distant island of Bermuda. Mr. Trenholm, of the firm of Fraser & Co., agrees to pay $5,000 of the charter money for the benefit of the return cargo space not re- served by the owners. Thus, should we not extend the voyage beyond Havana, which is not anticipated, the cost to the Government will be but $5,000. All expenses of every kind are to be borne by the owners. Since the arrangement was made they have been busily engaged in putting her in complete order for sea, and we fully expect to get off to-morrow night. Her light draft will enable her to go at any time, ~ nd by hugging close to shore will be enabled to escape the observa- tion of the enemys squadron. Our I)lan is, in such way as may be found most safe and practicaNe, to get on board one of the British steamers of the mail line between the West Indies and England. The Gordon is too fast to be overtaken at sea. Since this change of arrangement we have seen nothing to dissatisfy us with it as the best thiat could be adopted. The ATashrille, we understand, is under orders from the Navy De- partment to sail immediately, and will probably endeavor to get off to- night. If the enemy are found in the position they occupy by day, the chances are very large that she must pass within reach of their guns. In such event her only hope of safety is that she may not b Page 280A Page 280B 281 JAMES A. SED DON, Secretary of War, Confederate States, 1862-1864 Page 281 LIST OF PAPERS. 281 seen, or, if seen, may not be hit. Against the latter risk her speed is much relied on. You will, of course, be advised promptly when we are off. Very respectfully and truly, yours, Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, M. MASON. Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, October 10, 1861. DEAR SIR: As no communication from Mr. Charles J. Helm has been received since his departure from this city in July last, I will thank you if you will inform the department whether you succeeded in delivering to him the package entrusted to your care on the 30th of that month. I am, sir, etc., K. M. T. HUNTER. Mr. A. C. STOCKBRIDGE. CHARLESTON, October 11, 1861. SIR: We have the honor to send you herewith the charter party we have made with owners of steamer Gordon in conformity with your telegraphic instructions; also a letter from Messrs. John Wise & Co., of this place, by which you will perceive that, if the Gordon returns safely, the cost of the charter to the Government will be reduced to $5,000. Very respectfully, your obedient servants, JOHN ~ J. M. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. CHARLESTON, S. C., October 12, 1861. Our friends left here last night at 1 oclock, a fast steamer, good officers, and very dark night, with heavy rain. The guard boat reported that they crossed the bar about 2 oclock, and that they could neither have been seen nor heard by the fleet. A strong north- west wlnd helped them, and the fleet this morning seems not to have changed position at all. As soon as we hear further I will telegraph. The steamer ought to be back in about a week, and nothing said until her return. Communicate to Mrs. Mason. WM. HENRY TRESCOT. Hon. K. M. T. HUNTER. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, WAR DEPARTMENT, ORDNANCE OFFICE~ Richmond, October 13, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 9th instant has been received. It would be necessary undoubtedly to agree to secure employment for, say Page 282 282 LIST OF PAPERS. three years to these ironworkers at good rates, say, $3 per day, or whatever you might find them willing to accept, their wages begin- ning from date of embarkation and passage furnished. The reduction of ores with coke seems not to be understood here, and these men (two would suffice) are wanted for this purpose. XTery respectfully, your obedient servant, J. GORGAS, Lieutenant-Colonel, Chief of Ordnance. lion. J. M. MASON, Ch~a1~le8ton~ S. C. P. 5.It is iron for cannon to which I allude particularly, and therefore suggested the Low Moor & Curren works, where cannon are made. J.G. CARDENAS, CUBA, October 18, 1861. SIR: I have the pleasure to apprise you of our safe arrival on the 16th at this port. We left Charleston at 1 a. m. on Saturday the 12th, as I told you we should do in my letter from there of the preceding day. Fortunately a rain came on at the moment of our departure, which incl7easing the darkness the better enabled us to elude the blockading squadron. We passed, as tile captain reported, within a mile and a half of the nearest ship, the squadron then consisting of three steamers and a sloop of war (a sailing vessel). We could see their lights, apparently not distant, but presume we escaped observa- tion, as we could see or hear no movement of tile squadron. After we had passed them some 3 or 4 miles, abandoning tile coast we put directly out to sea, and by the outer passage made direct for Nassau. Off that port we learned from the pilots who came on board that there was no steamer or other regular commiulication thence to St. Thomas, the point of departure of the British steamer line. We did not land, therefore, or cast anchor, but~ put off at once for the Island of Cuba. I should have added that we reached Nassau about 4 p. m. on Monday. At sea, off the harbor of Cardenas, we met with a small Spanish war steamer. When we -raised the Confederate flag and asked to speak with them, our salutation (by dipping our flag) as the vessels approached each other was courteously returned and the Spaniard lay to. Mr. Slidell, with Mr. Eustis went on board, and on his return reported that he was received with great kindness and civility. We had been somewhat detained in finding our way over the shoal water of the Bahama banks, and it being doubtful whether the coal remaining would take us to Havana, it was determined to put into this port, the Spanish steamer kindly volunteering to attend and show us the way. We cast anchor off the town about 2 p. in.. but our papers of clearance being directed to Havana, and there being some difficulty in getting the authorities together, we did not effect a land- ing until the next day (yesterday). The customhouse officers, however. were civil and attentive, and as soon as the l6cal governor could be appealed to. he dispensed with all formalities, and ourselves and baggage landed without further difficulty or inspection. I regret to say, however, that we shall hav Page 283 LIST OF PAPERS. 283 no steamer hence to St. Thomas until 9th of November. The steamer for Cadiz. once a month, departed on its voyage from Havana the day of our arrival here. We shall thus be detained in Cuba some three weeks. The island is said to be healthy. We shall go to Havana or its neighborhood in a day or two, and remain there or thereabouts until the time of our departure. We found a few Yankee vessels in port here, and learned that some of the captains loudly expressed their dissatisfaction at our being escorted into port by a Spanish man-of-war. The governor, with some of the principal gentlemen of the town have called on and proffered us every attention, and, so far as we can gather opinion from conversation and on the streets, the sympathies of the people are entirely with us. I should not omit to add that a Mr. Casanova, an acquaintance of Mr. Slidell, and who married a Virginia lady, learning at his plantation by a dispatch sent from here of our arrival, came immediately to town 1w a ride of 30 miles on horseback and cordially and urgently invited our entire party to visit him at his plantations, both of sugar and coffee, and become his guests during our stay in the island; and as further evi- dence of his kindness and sympathy, as may be, has arranged a special train of cars to take such of the party as can go there to-n~or- row. Mr. Slidell and his family and II will go for a few days. At Havana we shall endeavor to gather such information as may be useful to the Government as regards the disposition of the author- ities and the people and transmit it thence by such opportunity as may be presented. We think that our successful departure from Charleston, leaving the ~Yas1ivd1e still there. will best vindicate the course we adopted in recommending to the Government the charter of a smaller steamer. From our experience in the matter and knowing how closely the port was watched we have every reason to congratulate ourselves on the result. The steamer that brought us, under her iiew name of the Theodora, after replenishing her coal here proceeded on her way to Havana, and I shall send this d~spatch to meet her there, and I hope to be safely taken by her to you. We sent von from Charleston the charter party with her owners, and with it the engagement of the house of Fraser & Co. to pay $5,000 for the privilege of freighting her home from Havana, all winch we hope will be accel)table to the Government. Writing you thus fully. Mr. Shiclell requests me to say that be has considered it unnecessary to write separately, but that he will do so from Havana. I am gratified to add that notwithstanding the ex- cessive heat all of our large family remain in good health. Thier- mometer from 960 to 98~. With great respect, and very truly, yours, J. M. MAsON. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER. Secretary of State. P. 5.Pardon the defaced condition of this sheet. It is the re- maining one of the stock I brought with me. J. Ni. M Page 284 284 LIST OF PAPERS. No. 12.1 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, I?iclumoiid, October 23, 1861. Siiz: I have the honor to announce that on the 21st instant a l)rilliant victory was won near Leesbur~, in Virginia. by 3 regi- ments of Confederate troops commanded by Brigadier-General Evans over 12 regiments of the enemy. I herewith enclose a report from the War Department containing official (lispatches giving details of the engagement. I have the honor to be, etc., WM. NI. BROWNE, Hon. A. DUDLEY MANN. Acting,, Secretary. (Same dispatch was sent Messrs. Yancey, Rost, Mason. and Slidell.) No. 2.] HAVANA~ October 22, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I arrived at this place last night, and am to have an interview with his Excellency the captain general of Cuba to-morrow. As a steamer will sail to-night for Charleston, I am only enabled to announce my arrival in this dispatch and to state that I learn from various gentlemen who have called on me this morning that the officials and people of Cuba sympathize with the Southern Confederacy. I enclose herewith a duplicate of my dispatch No. 1, fearing the original may not reach you, and to which I have the honor to call your attention. I am sir, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. IR. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. No. 3.] HAVANA~ November 8, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to enclose herewith a copy of my note to his Excellency the captain general of Cuba, dated 22d ultimo, notify- ing him of my appointment and requesting an interview, a transla- tion of his reply, dated the following day, and a copy of my dispatch to the Hon. P. A. Rost, dated 6th instant. These several papers will explain to you the manner of my reception by and the result of my first interview with the superior governor of Cuba. I deem it only necessary to add that his manner then and on a subsequent occasion when I called by invitation to pay my respects to the countess, was perfectly cordial, and no doubt intended to strengthen his assurances of sympathy in our cause. I will also remark that he assured me he would adhere to his resolution to permit our ves- sels to enter the Cuban ports under the Confederate flag for all the purposes of legitimate commerce, on the terms of vessels of other nations having no resident consuls here Page 285 LIST OF PAPERS. 285 I am gratified to state that I find a large majority of the popula- tion of Havana zealously advocating our cause, an(l am informed that the same feeling extends throughout the island. I am, sir, with very great respect, your obedient servant, Cii. J. HELM. Hon. R. INl. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. [Enclosure 1.] hOTEL CUBANO, Havana, October 22, 1861. SIR. I have the honor to inform you that I have been appointed special agent by the President of the Confederate States of America to the Island of Cuba and other places; and herewith enclose to your Excellency my commission, and a letter from the honorable Secretary of State for my Government, accrediting me to you. I arrived at Havana last night, and shall have the honor to call at any hour on to-morrow, which may be agreeable to your Excellency, for the purpose of paying my respects. With a lively recollection of your former courtesy to me, I have the honor to be, with profound respect, your obedient servant, Cii. J. HELM. His Excellency the Captain General, DON FmxNciscO SERRANO, Superior Governor of Cuba, etc. [Enclosure No. 2Translation.] HAVANA, October 23, 1861. Yesterday I received your polite communication in which you ad- vise nie of your having been appointed by the Southern States of the American Union special agent for the Island of Cuba and the Eng- lish and Danish possessions, for the purpose of arranging with the same, friendly relations. I received at the same time the dispatches, one addressed to me in my official capacity by Mr. Jefferson Davis advising me of the appointment made and the other which constitutes your credentials as such agent. I feel pained to answer you that I do not believe myself in any manner authorized to receive you in the character in which you pre- sent yourself. You are well aware that the Government of her Catholic Majesty, whose delegate I am, but without faculties either to establish or reject foreign relations, has not yet recognized asa government de jure which de facto exists in the Southern States, and in this case and until the authorization of the Queen is obtained, there is no legal ground for you to exercise in the Spanish dominions any official act, which would doubtless signify an acknowledgment which is not accorded. You must be aware that in the difficult circumstances through which American politics is passing, that discretion and prudence must predominate in flue conduct observed by foreign powers, and much more so in those who represent the interests of neutrals. I promise you, however, to lay the subject before her Majesty by the next mail Page 286 2843 LIST OF PAPERS. ani inform you of the resolution she may adopt in view of the subject. Notwithstanding this, if you wish to call on me as a private indi- vidual, you know you can do so as soon as you choose, with the assur- ~nce that it will be highly satisfactory to me to continue the friendly relations which commenced between us in the period when you so worthily discharged the duties of consul general of the United States in this island. Such is the only resolution in my power to adopt, and which I communicate to you, herewith returning to you the document you sent me. God preserve you many years. FRANCISCO SERRANO. CHARLES J. HELM, Esq. [Enclosure 3.] HAVANA, November 6, 1861. SIR: Having been informed by Mr. Slidell that you have been ap- pointed commissioner to the Court of Spain by the President of the Confederate States of America, I have the honor to enclose here- with a copy of my note of the 22d ultimo to his Excellency, the cap- tain general of Cuba, informing him of my appointment as special agent for our Government to the Spanish, English, and Danish Islands, containing the request that he would name an hour on the fol]owing day for an interview, and a translation of his Excellencys reply, which latter you will observe is written in good taste ,and accords all I could expect at this time. On the morning of the 24th I called at the l)ablce and was imme- diately admitted to an interview with his Excellency, in which I explained to him the views of the President of the Confederacy and nrged upon him the very great interest Spain has in the success of the Confederate Stat~s in their present strurnle for independence, and the importance to 1)0th Governnients of a close alliance, the force and truth of all which he admitted, exhibiting much personal sympathy in our cause. The interview was concluded by an assiir- ance from his Excellency that he would faithfully represent to her Majesty the arguments submitted, in which lie said lie fully con- curred. * * * * * * * I am, sir, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. P. A. ROST, Commissioner for the Confederate States of America, Paris. No. 1.] Richmond, October 23, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to announce that on the 21st instant a bril- liant victory was won near Leesburg, in Virginia, by 3 regim nents of Confederate troops, commanded by Brigadier-General Evans, over 12 regiments of the enemy Page 287 LIST OF PAPERS. 287 J herewith enclose a i~port from the War Department containing o~icial dispatches giving details of the engagement. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant. WM. M. BROWNE, Hon. JAMES M. MA~N. Actifig Secretary. [Enclosure.] cONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, W~ DEPARTMENT, Richmond, October ~3, 1861. SIR: In compliance with your request of this date, I herewith sub- join the following dispatches, being all the inforniation received at this department of the victory at Leesbui~g: GENmnvJLJ~, October 22. Evans was engaged with the enemy yesterday. A brilliant affair for our arms. He drove 12 re~iments back into the river, took itearly 200 prisoners, including Colonel Cogswell and 1t~ officers, killed Colonel Baker, of California- Oregon, and took 6 pieces of artill*~ry. Thus stood the affair at dusk. THos. JORDAN, A. A. G. President DAvIs. HEADQUARTERS FIRsT CORPS, ARI%rv OF POTOMAC, Ccntcrri1lc, Oetober 22. In addition, concerning Evanss victory, I have to report the capture of nearly 600 prisoners, 1,200 stand arms; their killed, wounded, and prisoners between 1,000 and 1,200. The rout was total. An Infaiftry fight, Eighth Vir- ginia, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Mississippi Regiments engaged. The Thir- teenth Mississippi held in reserve. No artillery tired by us. Official. THOS. JOROAN, A. A. G. President DAvis. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. T. BLEDSOE, Chief of Bureau of lVar. Hon. W~i. M. BROWNE, Acting Secretary of State, Richmond, Va. No. 9.] PARiS, October ~8, 186~1. Sm: On the 2Gth instant we had an informal interview, accorded to our request~ with M. Thouvenel, the minister for foreign affairs. M. Thouvenel informed us that the French Government watched with lively interest the contest between the two American Govern- ments, and that there was an agreement between England and France to communicate to each other all facts and propositions which came to the knowledge of either, and when they did act to act to- (Tether; that their ministers in America had informed their several ~overnments that at present the temper and disposition of the peoples of the two belligerent powers were such that action at this time was not politic; that when they did act they desired to do so at such a time and in such a way as to produce peace, if possible. He assured us that an important military success might determine the perio Page 288 288 LIST OF PAPERS. for their action. Also that the two Governments were in hopes that their action when taken would receive the sanction of Spain, Prussia, and other powers, and thus give to it great moral weight. As to the blockade, he said that the admirals of the English and French navies on the American coast were in close observance of it, and had com- municated to their Governments that although the blockade was not such as to seal up the ports hermetically it was yet not so ineffective as to authorize a protest aoainst it. He further informed us that Eng1a~id and France had entered into an arrangement, which would soon be made effective, by whicb a vessel of war would be sent into Southern ports at regular periods to carry communications to their consuls. While there were no words used by M. Thouvenel to bear such actual meaning, yet we were impressed by the minister with the belief that the French Government entertained profound sympathy for the cause of the South and expected that events would transpire within no distant period which would cause it to recognize the Con- federate States. We have information of an unofficial character but apon which we rely that the Emperor and his ministry will support England in any action which that Government may deem it to be its duty or interest to take in the pr.emises. There is undoubtedly a most intimate and cordial understanding between England and France on this question. We understand that Captain Semmes and the Sumter have ar- rived in an English port. We have up to this moment no news of the Nashville and of the two commissioners which the New York papers inform us left the port of Charleston on the 12th instant. Mr. Yancey will return to London on the 31st instant. Hon. IR. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, etc. [Endorsement.] Transcribed from drafts in the handwriting of Mr. Yancey. Origi- nals never received. W.M.B. [Enclosure.] PAIUs, 9 RUE MEROMESNIL, Octoler 24, 1861. SIR: The undersigned beg leave to inform your Excellency that they, together with Mr. A. Dudley Mann, have been commissioned by the President of the Confederate States of America to represent the Government of those States near the Government of his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French for the purpose of forming friendly relations and of negotiating a treaty of commerce and navigation. They respectfully request the honor of an unofficial interview with your Excellency for the purpose of conferring upon the subject of those relations. His Excellency Monsieur THOIJVENEL Page 289 LIST OF PAPERS. 289 No. 2.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, October 29, 1861. Sm: The attention of this Government has been recently drawn to the case of two British vessels laden with naval stores at the port of Wilmington, N. C., which were forbidden to proceed to sea by the military authorities at that port. To avoid any misapprehension of the motives of this action on the part of this Government and to enable you to explain the matter fully, in case you are required to do so, I think it proper to put you in possession of all the facts. When it was ascertained that the British vessels Bruce and Napier were taking on board cargoes of naval stores (contraband of war) and proposed to clear from the port of Wilmington, the Secretary of the Treasury directed the col- lector of that port to allow those ships to complete their cargo and clear as they desired, unless there was good reason to believe, as many of the inhabitants supposed, that their neutral papers were intended as covers for unlawful trade with the enemy. Under this authority it appears these two vessels, laden with full cargoes of naval stores, were proceeding to sea when the general commanding at Wilmington, believing that they would certainly be captured and their cargoes fall into the hands of the enemy to be used in the war now being waged against us, and acting under instructions from the War Department, issued an order for their detention until he should be satisfied that they could proceed with a reasonable prospect of escape from the enemys cruisers. This order for the detention of the vessels was accompanied by an offer to their owners that if they should be unwilling to suffer this delay the Government of the Con- federate States in the exercise of its right of preemption in regard to the cargoes (being contraband of war) would pay the compensa- tion proper in such cases according to the law of nations. It is true that the Bruce and the Napier entered Wilmington with- out molestation from any blockading vessel, and it is said without any notice that any blockade existed; and it may be said, therefore, that, having entered a port when no blockading force was in sight, they have a right to go to sea with their cargoes without hindrance from the enemy. That they have such a right is undoubted; but we know that the rights of neutrals and the usages of nations have not been recently respected by the Government of the United States. The Iliawat ha, with a cargo owned by British subjects, cleared from the port of Richmond having, it is confidently asserted, never re- ceived any notice of a blockade. Yet, she was seized and has been condemned by a United States prize court. Admonished by this and other examples this Government was clearly justified in supposing that the enemys authorities would not suffer the Bruce and Napier to proceed t.o sea without hindrance, particularly when it was known that these vessels contained articles of which they stand in urgent need for warlike purposes. You will observe from the foregoing detail that this Government has treated the cases of the Bruce and Napier with all possible in- dulgence consistent with our own security, and that its action can not be justly considered in the least derogation of that protection which it owes to the legitimate trade of neutrals within its ports. 176429022voL 31 Page 290 290 LIST OF PAPERS. It is the earnest desire of this Government to promote and encour- age by all the means in its possession the most intimate and liberal commercial intercourse with neutral powers. It is a source of deep regret that those powers have not availed themselves of their legal right to trade in every port of the Confederate States, since it can not be contended that at any time the blockade declared by the Govern- ment of the United States has been efficient or binding on neutral nations. While this Government is indisposed to complain of the course pursued by the Governments of the great European powers since the commencement of the war between the Confederate States and the United States, it can not be denied that the effect of the neutrality observed by those powers has proved of far more dis- advantage to the Confederate States than to the enemy. While the strict letter of the declaration of Paris in relation to privateers has been enforced against us to our manifest prejudice, the terms of that agreement, which declare that blockades to be binding must be effect- ive, have not been enforced as against our enemy, although abundant evidence has been afforded that no port in the Confederate States has ever been efficiently blockaded. Thus, neutrality has been strained to its utmost limit as against the Confederate States, while clear legal rights have not been asserted as against on r enemies, where their assertion would have been to our advantage. I have observed that the impression prevails to some extent in Eng- land that this Government has prohibited the exportation of cotton by sea to neutral and friendly nations. It would be well that you should take means to correct this error. The laws of the Confeder- ate States warrant no such prohibition, and further p roof of this is afforded by the recent departure from Savannah of th e steamship Bermuda, laden with cotton and bound for Liverpool. Congress has alone prohibited the exportation of cotton for the use of the enemy or through the enemys territory. I am, sir, etc., WM. M. BROWNE Hon. JAMES M. MASON, Acting Secretary. Commis8oner of the Confederate State8, etc. DEPARTMENT or STATE, Richmond, October 31, 1861. SIR: I hnve the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 1st and 12th instant, in relation to the British vessels Napier and Robert Bruce, and your letter of the 17th instant, stating that the first-mentioned communications were addressed to me in my official capacity. In reply I have to inform you that the Govern- ment having good reason to believe that if the Bruce and the Napier, laden with naval stores (contraband of war) proceeded to sea from the port of Wilmington at the time it was desired they should do so they would be captured by the enemy and their cargoes used for the purposes of the war now being waged against us, the general commanding at Wilmington was ordered to detain them until an op- portunity offered for them to go to sea with a reasonable prospect of escaping the enemys cruisers. The general was also instructed t Page 291 LIST OF PAPERS. 291. inform the owners or agents of the vessels that if they preferred to discharge their cargo rather than be thus detained, this Government was ready to give them the compensation proper in such cases under the usages of nations. The detention of the vessels was ordered, you will perceive, solely as a measure of self-defense; and the offer to indemnify the owners in the manner and at the rate established by the law of nations manifests the anxiety of this Government to pro- tect the neutral vessels against loss. I have the honor to be etc., ZR. M. T. HUNTER. Secretary of State. ROBERT BUNCH, Esq., etc. LONDON, November 8, 1861. DEAR SIR: As the Glad ator has been detained till to-day, I have concluded to send you a copy of a letter upon the American crisis, written to a citizen of Portland, Me., by Mr. Lindsay, M. P. Mr. L. is one of the heaviest shipping merchants in England, is an in- fluential member of parliament, and chairman of one of the most important business committees. He has made several speeches in England favorable to us, and has consequently been threatened by Yankees with a loss of all their shipping patronage, and has indeed already met with a loss of several thousand l)ounds sterling income. But lie is wealthy and independent. I have found him of great service in forcing my views on the minds of the British ministry by his letters and conversations containing the substance of the matter which I desired them to be possessed of. Perhaps the publication of this letter might be found to be advantageous. Yours, respectfully, W L. YANCEY. Hon. ZR. M. T. HUNTER, Richmond. P. S.I have written a letter to Hon. Win. Preston, late U. S. minister to Spain, and wish it sent to his address. Also one to Mrs. Yancey. and I am uncertain whether she is in Richmond, at Mr. Harrells, or in Montgomery, Ala. Please send it to Mr. Harrell, of the Post Office Department. W. L. Y. Dispatch No. 4.J HAVANA, November 9, 1861. SIR: There are 1,~QO Enfleld rifles, with accouterments and car- tridges, in store here belonging to the State of Mississippi which would be delivered to me, as the agent of the Confederate States, upon the payment of freight and charges, for reshipment; I have therefore the honor to suggest that I be instructed to receive and forward these arms if thought advisable by the Government. Immediately upon my arrival here, I addressed a communication to a commercial house at Nassau, recommended to me by Mr. Craw Page 292 292 LIST OF PAPERS. ford, the British consul-general here, asking information as to the advantages and facilities for making a depot there, for the storing and reshipping cargo, as suggested by Mr. Toombs, and in reply am informed that acts of Parliament and colonial regulations would so trammel the enterprise that it is not believed to be feasible. I shall, however, have no difficulty in finding an accessible port from which the cargo mentioned in my dispatch No. 1 now en route may be stored and reshipped at pleasure, unless there be some change in port regulations not anticipated. I find here a description of shoes such as those issued to the Cuban army, which may be obtained in considerable quantity and at a moderate price, about $1 a pair. They are of light-colored leather, single soles, without heels, but strong and well made. Mr. Mason, Mr. Slidell, and Captain Newcomb, formerly of the United States Army, say they would answer a good purpose. I will ship, if needed, such quantity as you or the Secretary of War may direct. I learn that there remains in the hands of Messrs. Cahuzac & Bro., merchants of this city, a portion of the funds intrusted by the Government to Mr. Lewis, known here as Mr. Martin, for the purpose of purchasing arms, which can not be drawn without an order from the Bank of Louisiana. I would respectfully suggest that this fund be placed to my credit here, to be used for the purposes described in my dispatch written from London, and under the direction of the department. I also learn that the vessel on which Mr. Lewis sailed, laden with the arms purchased by him, has been captured and he taken prisoner. I have and shall continue to do all in my power to induce mer- chants and others to engage in ventures to our ports. Several small vessels have been dispatched since I arrived, and others are now being loaded with the necessities of life, most of which will no doubt successfully run the blockade. I am, sir, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CII. J. HELM. Hon. IR. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, November 11, 1861. SIR: I herewith transmit to you a draft on the Treasurer of the Confederate States for $5,000, and one at three days sight on John Fraser & Co., Charleston, for $5,000, making $10,000, which sum is in payment of the charter of the steamer Gordon by Messrs. Mason and Slidell on account of the Government, as per agreement dated October 8, 1861. You will be pleased to sign and transmit to this department the enclosed duplicate receipts. Jam, sir,etc., Wi~i. M. BROWNE, A88i8tant Secretary. FRANCIS J. PORcIJER, Esq., Charle8ton, S. C Page 293 LIST OF PAPERS. 293 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, November 1~?, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that on the 9th ultiino, the Secretary of the Treasury, at the request of this I)epartment, caused the enclosed interrogatories to be addressed to the collector of cus- toms at the seaports of the Confederate States. Up to this date re- plies have been received only from the collectors at Wilmington, N. C.; Mobile; Charleston; St. Marks, Fla.; Savannah; Fernandina; Beaufort, N. C.; and Brunswick, Ga. (1 and 2) T he writers concur in stating that they do not know whether ingress or egress has been allowed to any vessels with the knowledge and consent of the blockading squadron. (3) They state that intermissions of the blockade varying in point of duration have frequently occurred, and that for several consecu- tive days no blockading ship has been in sight; but that the collector can not accurately determine whether such intermissions have been caused by a deliberate withdrawal of the squadron, by superior or- ders, by stress of weather, or being employed in chasing vessels. (4) They all affirm positively that at no time has the enemys force been sufficient to maintain an efficient blockade, and that the best proof of this is afforded by the long list of vessels which hate entered and cleared from their respective ports from the date of the estab- lishment of the blockade to the present, copies of which have been communicated to her Majestys Government. I remain, sir, etc., WM. M. BROWNE, A ssistant Secretary. F. J. CRIDLAND, Esq., Jiler Briti8h llajestys Acting Consul. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, November 14, 1861. SIR: Having appointed you commercial aoent of the Confederate States at London, I herewith enclose your ~commission. You will with as little delay as possible, proceed to your post, and immediately after your arrival report yourself to our commissioner, the Hon. James M. Mason, to whom you will exhibit your credentials and explain the general purposes of your agency. You will avail yourself of every opportunity to communicate with this Department, and keep it advised of -the tone of the English press and the current of public sentiment with regard to the struggle in which the Confederate States is now engaged; transmitting with appropriate comments such printed extracts from the public journals as you may deem to have an important bearing upon the question. You will be diligent and earnest in your efforts to impress upon the l)liblic mind abroad the ability of the Confederate States to maintain their independence, and to this end you will publish what- ever information you possess calculated to convey a just idea of their ample resources and vast military strength and to raise their character and Government in general estimation. You will zealously strive to remove any fears that may be entertained abroad as to the reconstruction of the Union, from which we have separated, b Page 294 294 LIST OF PAPERS. showing that such a reconstruction is now impossible, and that it is the universal sentiment of the people of the Confederate States to prosecute the war until their independence shall no longer be assailed. You will keep constantly before the public view in Great Britain, the tyranny of the Lincoln Government, its utter disregard of the personal rights of its citizens, and its other notorious violations of law. Contrasted with this you can justly and forcibly dwell upon the fact that peace and order have reigned everywhere in the Con- federate States and that the laws have been constantly and im- partially administered. You will also impress upon the people of Great Britain the importance of the trade which may be established between our respective countries, and assure them of the almost universal opinion in the Confederate States that as few restrictions as possible should be imposed upon that trade and those only for revenue purposes. If you should find it to be expedient, after leaving England you may visit Paris and report yourself to Mr. Slidell, show him your commission and acquaint him with the objects to be accomplished by your agency. So far as these instructions may be found applicable you will, while in France, be governed by them. Much discretion, however, is left to you. and the Department relies for success upon your address and ability. You will herewith re- ceive $750 on account of your salary, which is fixed at $1.500 a year, and $750 to be expended in carrying out these instructions. I am, sir, etc., R. M. T. HUNTER, HENRY HOTZE~ Esq. - Secretary of State. Dispatch No. 5.] HAVANA, November 15, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I have just received a communication from Captain Caleb Huse, dated London, October 18, from which I make the following extracts: * * * * * * * I have purchased and expect to have ready for sea by the 25th at least (25th October) a schooner. She is to be loaded with ammunition and will be consigned to you. * * * I think the vessel will be entirely full of ammunition. Should there 1)0 any vacant space, however, arms will be sent. The vessel is of 300 tons capacity. * * * I hope to send 15,000 arms by 18th November by steamer direct to some American port. Should I not succeed in obtaining a shipment direct I shall forward the arms to you by steamer, and shall follow the same rule with ~e~ard to accouterments and other supplies. * * * It will be quite impossible for me to remit any money to you. * * * * * * * The foregoing will explain to you how important it is that I should without delay be furnished with funds to be used at the point at which the vessel now en route is to report to me and to which I must repair in time to receive and make proper disposition of the cargo, which is of very great vallie. I have, for reasons which you will understand, omitted all particu- lars in this note, but in a few days will have a safe opportunity, when I will explain to you fully the character of the cargo en route and my plans for sending it forward. In the meantime I shall b Page 295 LIST OF PAPERS. 295 much gratified and relieved by receiving suggestions or instructions from the Department or from the honorable the Secretary of War or of the Navy on the subject. I would suggest as very important that a small steamer of good speed, under English or Spanish colors, be sent to me by from 1st to 10th December, or that I be authorized to purchase one. I am, sir, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richrnoi~d, November 18, 1861. Sin: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th instant, to the Secretary of State, which reached this department on yesterday, the 17th instant. 1 am requested by the Secretary to inform you in reply that three days ago instructions were sent by the War Department to the military authorities at Wilmington to allow the British vessels Napier and Robert Bruce to proceed to sea with their cargoes. I remain, sir, etc., Wi~i. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary. ROBERT BUNCH E~e Her Britannic !lfajestys Consul, Charleston, S. C. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NORFOLK, November 18, 1861. Sin: I telegraphed last night all that the Hon. Mr. Mason wrote in reference to his capture, viz: that they left Havana in a British mail steamer on the 7th instant, and next day were fallen in with by the San Jacinto, whose captain felt himself authorized to take them from the English ship. I also enclose a copy of a letter from Major-General Wool upon this subject. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, BENJ. HUGER, ilajor- General, Corn man ding. Hon. R. M. T. HUISTER, Secretary of State. [Enclosure.] hEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINI A~ ETC., Fort Monroe, November 16, 1861. GENERAL: I herewith enclose four letters from Messrs. Mason, Macfarland, and Eustis, but no letter from Mr. Slidell, prisoners re- Cently captured from a British ship by Captain Wilkes of the San Jacinto. Captain Wilkes leaves to-day for New York. I am. very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN E. WOOL, Major-General. Official. BENJ. HUGER, Major-General Page 296 296 LIST OF PAPERS [Enclosure.] U. S. Siur SAN JACINTO, Off the Cape8 of Virginia, November 15, 1861. My X~ERY DEAR WIFE: The date of this will show you that we have been captured and are on the way to New York; the ship will put into Hampton Roads for coal. Captain Wilkes has been good enough to say that he will give this to the officers at Fort Monroe to take the chances of being sent to Norfolk by any flag of truce that may offer. We left Havana on the 7th instant on board a British mail steamer bound for England, and on the next day this ship fell in with us at sea, and Captain Wilkes, the commander, it seems, felt himself authorized to demand us from the English captain, and here we are. As to all questions arising from the circumstances attending our capture, it would not become me to discuss them here, as my letter will, of course, pass under inspection. Messrs. Eustis, S lidell, Macfarland, and myself were taken; the ladies proceeded on the voy- age to England. Of course there will be all sorts of conjecture in the newspapers concerning our capture an(l its consequences, but I have only to say, my dear wife, that you should not permit your mind to be affected by them, and draw no other inference from my silence concerning them, except that I, of necessity, write under restraint. In the meantime I assure you and our dear ones at home that I was never in better health in my life, and in no manner depressed, as I beg you will not be. We have been treated with every possible courtesy by Captain Wilkes and his officers and are guests in the cabin. I suppose we shall get to New York on Sunday or Monday next, the 17th or 18th, and in due time presume the papers will tell what disposition is made of us. I do not know whether I can write to you, but if allowed, will do so, and may have it in my power to tell you through what channel you can write. Macfarland will attend to your affairs and have no care about mine, which are ample. I have one great consolation always present that while I am deprived of the power of watching over and advising you, I feel entire re- liance upon the efficiency and excellence of our children and the kind friends around you. Should you find the means of writing to me let me have full details of domestic, but nothing of public, affairs. I can only add, my dear wife, my prayers for your safety and that of our loved ones at home. Yours, most affectionately, J. M. MASON. My love to Anna, (ate, and all our circle and friends. No. 13.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, November 20, 1861. GENTLEMEN: Your dispatch (No. 8) dated Paris, October 5, reached this Department on the 18th instant, together with a letter from Mr. Walker Yearn, giving a detailed statement of the con- tingent expenses of your commission, for the amount of which you are authorized to draw on this Department. I have much pleasure in expressing to you, by direction of the President, his satisfaction at the hopeful and encouraging tenor o Page 297 LIST OF PAPERS. 297 your information, and his approval of the steps you have taken to obtain the object of your mission. The commissioners, Hon. John Slidell an(l Hon. James M. Mason, with their secretaries, Hon. George Eustis and James Macfarland, Esq., appointed by the President in pursuance of a resolution of Congress adopted at its last session, embarked at the neutral Spanish~ port of Havana on a British mail steamer on the 7th instant, en route for England, and on the following day were forcibly arrested by Captain Wilkes of the U. S. ship Sart Jaciato, taken from the deck of the British vessel and conveyed as prisoners in the k~am Jacinto to New York, where they now are. Their families an(i baggage were allowed, as we are informed, to proceed on their voyage. J~z is difficult to see how the Government of the United States can attempt to justify this flagrant violation of the laws and rights of nations, and the gross insult to the flag of Great Britain, which she has always justly considered to be a sufficient protection to all who place themselves beneath it, whether on a British deck or on British soil. It is only our duty to state the fact, fully persuaded that the British Government, who~e proud boast it has been to maintain in- violate the right of asylum wherever their jurisdiction extends, will take the proper steps to avenge the insult thus audaciously offered to their country by the ITnited States. I enclose you, marked A, the official information received at this Department relative to the arrest. The great naval expedition, consisting, as was reported, of 80 vessels, mounting upward of 400 guns, which the United States Government has spent months in preparing for an attack on the coast of the Confederate States, arrived off the mouth of Broad River at the entrance of the harbor of Port Royal on the 6th instant, and on the next day commenced an attack with all its force on the two open sand redoubtscontaining, one 20, the other 16 gunswhich were hastily constructed on Hilton Head and Bay Point, more for the purpose of protecting vessels running the blockade than for re- sisting a considerable naval force. After an engagement of nine hours, the 400 guns of the enemys fleet succeeded in dismounting the 16 guns of our sand batteries, our militia were compelled to abandon them, and the enemy, under protection of his ships guns, got posses- sion of Hilton Head awl the little village of Beaufort. Previous to the landing of the enemy most of the inhabitants of Hilton Head, the adjacent islands, and Beaufort abandoned their homes, destroyed their houses and property, and removed the greater number of their servants. The able bodied of those whom they left behiud have been seized by the enemy, in execution of the program of servile insurrec- tion, pillage, arson, and rapine furnished to the naval and military commanders of the enemys forces by their Government, a copy of which, taken from the New York newspapers, is sent you herewith marked B. Beyond the power to devastate property and steal negroes on a few miles of seaboard the enemy has not obtained any substantial success. Beaufort is not a shipping port for commercial purposes. No cotton has ever been exported thence, nor does the occupation of the island on which it is situated give access to the mainland or th Page 298 298 LIST OF PAPERS. control of any one of our principal marts of trade. The cotton crop was not picked when the enemy made the attack, and is consequently lost from the withdrawal of the greater portion of the laboring force skilled in picking and preparing the growth of cotton peculiar to the sea islands. The purposes of the expedition as avowed by the enemy were: First, to establish himself in strength at some commanding point of our seacoast; second, to reopen the export trade of cotton and procure large supplies of the staple for sale abroad; and third, to increase his means for subjugating the Confederate States. In all of these purposes he has completely failed. I send you herewith, marked C, the official accounts of the victories gained by the Confederate forces at Leesburg, Va., and Belmont~ Mo. The Congress of the Confederate States reassembled in this city on the 18th instant. You will find enclosed the message of the President to that body, marked D. Copies of the instructions given by me to Messrs. Mason and Slidell are sent you herewith for your guidance and information, and copies of dispatches informing you o~ the Presidents desire that Mr. IRost should proceed forthwith to Madrid to represent the Con- federate States as commissioner there, and enclosing his letters ac- crediting him in that capacity. I remain, etc., Th M. T. HUNTER. ions. W. L. YANCEY, P. A. IROsT, A. DUDLEY MANN. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, ]Wchinond, November 27, 1861. SIR: I am requested by the Secretary of State to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22d instant, and to state in reply that he would be obliged to you to inform him if evidence can be furnished to him that foreign consuls in the Confederate States have refused to allow transfers of ships in our ports while they allow them in ports of the United States? If such evidence can be obtained, the Secretary would desire to receive it. I remain, sir, etc., W~. M. BROWNE, A ssi8tant Secretary. G. B. LAMAR, Esq.. Savannah. LONDON, Novem ber 29, 1861. The undersigned have been instructed by the President of the Confederate States to communicate to her Britannic Majestys Gov- ernment copies of the list of vessels which have arrived at and de- parted from the various ports of the Confederate States since the proclamation of a blockade of those ports up to the 20th of August last, by which it will be seen that up to that date more than 400 vessels have arrived and departed unmolested. Since the date o Page 299 LIST OF PAPERS. 299 these reports, other and most important violations of the blockade are known to have occurred. The undersigned will instance a few of the most prominent and well known. The British steamer Rer- m uda went into the Confederate port of Savannah from Falmouth, England, on the 28th of September, and left that port for Havana on the 1st instant. The Confederate ship Helen left Charleston on the 2d of November and arrived at Liverpool on the 25th instant. The C. S. S. ILheodora left Charleston on or about the 1st of October, put to sea, and returned on the same day. The same steamer left Charles- ton on the 11th of October for Havana, proceeded to that port, took in cargo, and entered the port of Savannah about the 20th of the same month. Three ships with cargoes arrived from Havana in the Confederate port of Savannah about October 24. On the 26th of October the C. S. S. Nashville left Charleston and arrived at South- ampton on the 21st instant. It was declared by the five great European powers, at the confer- ence of Paris, that blockades to be binding must be effectivethat is, maintained by a force really sufficient to prevent access to the enemys coast, a principle long before sanctioned by leading pub- licists and now acknowledged by all civilized nations. When these resolutions were communicated to the Government of the United States, though it rejected that relating to privateers, without a re- quired modification, the principle in regard to blockades was un- equivocally admitted by it. On the 13th of August last the Govern- ment of the Confederate States acknowledged the same principle in its fullest extent by a declaration of Congress. The undersigned confidently submit that the annexed list of vessels which have arrived at and cleared from the ports of the Confederate States since proclamation of the blockade of their coast by the Gov- ernment of the United States is conclusive evidence that thIs block- ade has not been effective and is therefore not binding. May not the Government of the Confederate States then fairly suggest that the five great Powers owe it to their own consistency to the rule of conduct formally laid down for their guidance, and to the commercial world so deeply interested, to make good their decla- ration so solemnly and publicly made. Propositions of such gravity and emanating from sources so high may fairly be considered as affecting the general business relations of human society and as con- trolling in a great degree the calculations and arranoements of na- tions so far as they are concerned in the rules thus laid down, men have a right, to presume that a law thus proclaimed will be univer- sally maintained by those who have the power to do so and who have taken it upon themselves to watch over its execution. Nor will any suppose that particular States or cases would be exem p ted from its operation under the influence of partiality or favor. I f, there fore, we can prove the blockade to have been ineffectual, we, perhaps, have a right to expect that the nations assenting to this declaration of the conference at Paris will not consider it to be binding. We are fortified in this expectation, not only by their own dec- larations, but by the nature of the interests affected by the block- ade. So far, at least, it has been proved that the only certain and sufficient source of cotton supply has been found in the Confederate States. It is probable that there are more people without tha Page 300 300 LIST OF PAPERS. within the Confederate States who derive their means of living from the various uses which are made of this important staple. A war. therefore, which shuts up this great source of supply from the gen- eral uses of mankind, is directed as much against those who transport and manufacture cotton as against those who produce the raw mate- rial. Innocent parties who are thus affected may well insist that a right whose exercise operates so unfavorabl~V on them shall only be used within the strictest limits of public law. Would it not be more in consonance with the spirit of the age to insist that among the many efficient means of waging war this one should be excepted in deference to the general interests of mankind, so many of whom depend for their means of living upon a ready and easy access to the greatest and cheapest cotton market in the world? If, for the gen- eral benefit of commerce, some of it~ oreat routes have been neu- tralized so as to be unaffected by the chances of war, might not an- other interest of a greater and more world-wide importance claim at least so much consideration as to demand the benefit of every presumption in favor of its protection against all the chances of war save those which arise under the strictest rules of public law? This is a question of almost as much interest to the world at large as it is to the Confederate States. No belligerent can claim the right thus to injure innocent parties by such a blockade, except to the extent that it can be shown to furnish the legitimate, or perhaps we might go still further and say the necessary, means to prosecute the war successfully. If it has become obvious, as would now seem to be the case, that no blockade which they can maintain will enable the United [States] to subdue the Confederate States of America, upon what plea can its further continuance be justified to third parties who are so deeply interested in a ready and easy access to the cheapest and most abundant sources of cotton supply. Perhaps we had the right to expect, inasmuch as by the proclamation of her Britannic Majesty neutrality had been declared as between the belligerents, that one of the parties would not have been allowed to close the ports of the other by a mere proclamation of blockade without an ade- quate force to sustain it. The undersiorned submit to her Majestys Government that a real neutrality calls for a rigid observance of international and municipal law in their application to both belligerents, and that a relaxation of the principles of public law in favor of one of the parties violate ing them can be nothing more nor less than an injury done to that extent to the other side. Any considerations of sympathy for the embarrassed conditions of the United States, if allowed to relax the application of those laws must be justly considered as so much aid and comfort given to them at the expense of the Confederate State~, and the undersigned can not for a moment believe that such a policy will influence her Majestys Government. The undersigned have forborne to press these great questions upon the attention of her Majestys Government with that assiduity which perhaps the cause of the Confederate States would have justi- fied, knowing the great interest of her Majestys GovernmenL in the preservation of friendly relations with both the belligerent powers. They can not but think that the facts connected with this blockade and the great interests of the neutral commerce of the world i Page 301 LIST OF PAPERS. 301 peratively demand that her Majestys Government should take de- cisive action in declaring the blockade ineffective. These views are affirmed as much in the general interest of man- kind as in that of the Confederate States, who do not ask for assist- ance to enable them to maintain their independence against any power which has yet assailed them. The undersigned have been further instructed by their Govern- ment to communicate to that of heir Britannic Majesty a copy of resolutions adopted by the Congress of the Confederate States August 13, 1861. It is annexed, marked B. The undersigned have the honor to assure his Lordship of their very high consideration. W. L. YANCEY. P. A. RosI. A. DUDLEY MANN. The Right Hon. Earl RUssELL. LONDON, November 30, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your dispatch No. 10. of date September 23,1861, informing me that the President bad kindly consented to accede to my request and to recall me from the post I have filled as one of the commissioners to England and other European powers. The President was so kind as to express the hope that if anything has occurred to change your determination he desired you will con- tinue in the diplomatic service of the Government. Tile seizure of the Hon. James M. Mason by the U. S. man-of-war the San Jacinto would leave the Confederate Government without a representative in England were I to accept the Presidents permission to resign my post (on the presumption that the directions of the President to Messrs. Rost and Mann were conformed to), and under the circum- stances of such universal gravity and importance given to the rela- tions of the Government of the Confederate States to that of Great Britain I have conceived it to be an important duty imposed upon me to lay aside all private considerations and to remain as commis- sioner in Europe until the Government shall advise otherwise. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. L. YANCEY. Hon. iR. M. T. HUNTER. No. 1.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, November 30, 1861. SIR: Your dispatches No. 1 (duplicate, original not received) and No. 2, dated respectively September 30 and October 22, reached this Department safely, and conveyed the first intelligence of your arrival at your post. The suggestions contained in your first dispatch have been com- municated to the Secretaries of War and the Navy, from whom you will receive instructions in reply. The commissioners of the Confederate States to Great Britain and France, Messrs. Mason and Slidell, with their secretaries, who Page 302 302 LIST OF PAPERS. YOU are aware, embarked on the British mail steamer at Havana on their way to England, were arrested on the high seas on the day after their departure from the neutral port by Captain Wilkes, of the U. S. ship San Jacinto; forcibly taken from the deck of the British ship and from the protection of its flag and conveyed as prisoners to ~ ew X ork, where they now are. For this flagrant breach of the law of nations and deliberate insult to the flag of Great Britain there can be no justification. The great naval ex- pedition fitted out by the enemy at vast labor and expense during the past summer appeared off the month of Port Royal Harbor on the 6th instant, and on the following day commenced an attack with upward of 400 guns on the two uncovered sand batteries which had been erected on Hilton Head and Bay Point, containing to- gether 36 guns. After an engagement which lasted a greater part of an entire day, the enemy having dismounted our guns, our mili- tia abandoned their position and fell back in good order with a loss of 40 killed and no prisoners on the mainland. The enemy has thus obtained possession of Hilton Head and Beaufort, but has failed to attain, even partially, any one of the ends for which the expedition was avowedly prepared. They can ravage a few miles of our sea board, devastate the property not already destroyed by the inhabitants of those islands before their abandonment of them, and steal the few negroes who have been left behind, but beyond this they have obtained no material success. Cotton has never, even in time of peace, been shipped from the little village of Beau- fort; it is separated from the mainland and has never been used for commercial purposes. I send you enclosed, marked A, a copy of Mr. Camerons instructions to the commanders of the expedi- tion, from which you will observe that servile insurrection and pil- lage are to be employed by our enemy in the prosecution of their war upon the Confederate States. I send you herewith, marked B, copies of the official accounts of the recent victories achieved by our anus at Leesburg, Va., and Belmont, Mo. You will also find enclosed, marked C, copies of the message of the President to Congress, which rea~sembled in this city on the 18th instant. I remain, sir, etc., W~r M. BROWNE, Actinq Secretarq of State. C. J. HELM, Esq., etc. No. 1.1 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Ric1imoi~d, November 30, 18C1. SIR: Your dispatch No. 1, dated June 15, addressed to the Secre- tary of State, and your commissioner [communication] to me of the 6th of September have been received. As they contain the only intelligence that has reached the Depart- ment from you regarding your mission, you will perceive the neces- sity of availing yourself of every opportunity for forwarding dis- patches relative to the affairs of your agency since your arrival in Mexico. The commissioners of the Confederate States to Great Britain and France, Messrs. Mason and Slidell, with their secretaries, Messrs Page 303 LIST OF PAPERS. 303 Macfarland and Eustis, who embarked on the British mail steamer at Havana for England on the 7th instant, were, on the day after their departure from that neutral port, arrested on the hio~h seas by Captain Wilkes, of the U. S. ship Sam Jacin to, forcibly taken from the deck of the British ship and from the protection of its flag, and conveyed as prisoners to New York and subsequently, as it is under- stood, to Fort Warren, at Boston, where they now are. For this flagrant breach of the law of nations and deliberate insult to the flag of Great Britain it is not conceived that there can be any justifica- tion. The great naval expedition fitted out by the enemy at vast labor and expense during the past summer, appeared off the mouth of Port Royal Harbor on the ,6th instant, and on the following day com- menced an attack with upward of 400 guns on the uncovered sand batteries which had been erected on Hilton Head and Bay Point, containing together 36 guns. After an engagement which lasted the greater part of an entire day, the enemy having dismounted our guns, our militia abandoned their position and fell back in good order, with a loss of 40 killed and no prisoners, to the mainland. The enemy has thus obtained possession of the islands of Hilton Head and Beanfort, but has failed to attain even partially any one of the ends for which the expedition was avowedly undertaken. They can ravage a few miles of our seaboard, devastate the property not already destroyed by the inhabitants of those islands before their abandon- ment of them, and steal the few negroes that have been left behind; but beyond this they have obtained no material success. Cotton has never, even in time of peace, been shipped from the little village of Beaufort; it is separafed from the mainland and has never been used for coffimercial purposes. On the 22d instant, Fort Pickens opened fire on the Confederate fortifications at Pensacola and continued it from 9 a. m. till 6 p. m. of that day. It was renewed on the 23d and 24th, our batteries under General Bragg responding throughout the engagement. At 4 oclock on the morning of the 24th the firing ceased. The damage to the enemy is not known. On our side 4 are reported killed and 10 wounded. A dispatch from General Bragg, dated November 25, 1 oclock p. in., and received at the War Department, says: The enemy seems to be satisfied and does not reopen their fire. They have fired into my hospital, but my sick had all been removed. Many hot shot and innumerable shells were thrown into the navy yard, with comparatively little damage. I send you enclosed, marked A, a copy of Mr. Camerons instructions to the commanders of the southern expedition, from which you will observe that servile insurrection and pillage are to be employed by our enemy in the prosecution of their war upon the Confederate & ates. You will receive herewith, marked B, copies of the official accounts of the recent victories achieved by our arms at Leesburg~ Va., and Belmont, Mo. I send you also herewith, marked C, copies of the message of the President to Congress, which reassembled in this city on the 18th instant. I am, etc., XY~1. M. BROWNE, Acting Secretary of State. JOHN T. PICKETT, Esq., etc Page 304 304 LIST OF PAPERS. Dispatch No. 6.] HAVANA, December 1, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I receive(l on the 234 ultimo a communication from the Government agent at London, Captain Huse, informing that he had changed his plans for the ship- ment of munitions of war; that instead of sending his purchases to me by sailing vessels, to be forwarded from Cuba. as was at first thought advisable and as he wrote me he would do. he will ship them by steamers; that he had purchased a steamer which was then laden with a most valuable cargo, and that she would sail in a few (lays for some one of the Confederate ports, touchino at * * * instead of Cardeiias. for orders from me. This comm~nication came to hand after the * * * packet had sailed, so (hat it is not cer- tain that I can communicate with the captain until the 22d instant. In view of the first arrangement, I had engaged a pilot boat at Cardenas to communicate with the sailing vessel expected at that port, and had induced a commercial house here to give me a credit for such funds as I might require, until supplied by the Government. Fortunately, no expense was incurred. I hope to be enabled to comniunicate with the captain of the steamer on his arrival, and if possible will do so; however, Captain Huse informs me that he is an experienced sailor, and that his mate has once run the blockade, so that it may be inferred lie will not require aiiy instruction from me. It will be seen from the foregoing that no cOnsi(lcrable amount of funds will now be required here. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient serVant, Cii.~ J. HELM. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. Richmond. No. 10.] CoMMIssIoN OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, London, December 2, 1861. SIR: We have the honor to acknowledge receipt on the 27th ultimo of dispatches Nos. 8 and 9, of date the 24th of August, as also of dis- patch No. 10, dated 23d September, 1861. It is our painful duty to communicate to you that on the 8th of November ultimo Messrs. John Slidell, James M. Mason, James E. Macfarland, and George Eustis were forcibly taken by the U. S. man- of-war Sa.n Jachito from her Britannic Majestys royal mail steam packet Trent while on her passage from Havana, Cuba, to the island of St. Thomas when in the Bahama passage off the Paradon Grande lighthouse. The facts, as far as we have been able to learn them (and we believe them to be entirely reliable), are as follows: On the 7th of November Messrs. Slidell and Mason, with their suite, embarked on board the Trent, in the harbor of Havana, as passengers for Southampton. England. On the morning of the 8th of November, when in the narrowest part of the Bahama passage, off the Paradon Grande lighthouse, the San Jacinto was seen lying to in the passage. When the Trent came within half a mile or less the San Jacinto ran up the United States flag, and simultaneously fired a round sho Page 305 LIST OF PAPERS 305 across the bow of the Trent, immediately afterwards firing a shell which exploded within 100 yards of that vessel. The captain of the Trent then displayed the British flag, and being within hailing dis- tance, demanded to know what was wanted. The reply from the officer of the San Jacinto was that he wished to send a boat alongside. The Tren t was then brought to, and Lieutenant Fairfax with an armed boats crew from the San Jacinto boarded her. He demanded of the captain a list of his passengers. This was refused. The lieutenant then said that the captain of the San Jacinto was informed that Messrs. Mason, Slidell, Macfarland, and Eustis were on board, and that he was instructed to seize them. These gentlemen at once avowed their presence, but claimed the protection of the British flag. The United States officer replied that, unless they were surrendered to him, he should take possession of the ship, which he accordingly did; and after a solemn protest by the admiralty officer on board the flirent against the whole proceeding, those gentlemen were seized at the point of the bayonet. Lieutenant Fairfax further said that he was instructed to lay the ship alongside the San Jacinto. The cap- tain of the Trent replied that he was going to the quarter-deck, ad- ding, If you want me, you will find me there, and at once pro- ceeded to the quarter-deck. Lieutenant Fairfax left the Trent, how- ever, without further enforcing his order, carrying with him Messrs. Slidell, Mason, Macfarland, and Eustis as prisonei:s, and the Trent then proceeded upon her voyage. All the papers, letters, and dis- patches under charge of Messrs. Slidell and Mason were brought to us on the 27th instant [ultimo], immediately after the arrival of the West India mail packet at Southampton, by Hankel, of Charleston. Under these peculiar circumstances the members of the commis- sion, after consultation, taking into consideration the great interests of the Confederate States, have severally come to the conclusion that it is the duty of each to remain near this Government and that of France until further advised by the President. In consequence we have addressed to her Britannic Majestys Government a solemn remonstrance * against the outrage perpetrated by the United States in their forcibly seizing the persons of citizens of the Confederate States on board an English vessel at sea. We have also, in obedience to instructions of the President to Hon. James M. Mason, communicated to her Britannic Majestys Govern- ment a copy of the list of vessels which had arrived at and cleared from the Confederate ports from the date of the proclamation of the blockade to the 20th of August, 1861, and also a copy of the resolu- tions of Congress of the 13th of August, 1861, touching the declara- tion of the conference of Paris. We annex copies of both of these notes. We also send with this dispatch, for the information of the Depart- ment, certain editorials of the London journals indicating the state of public opinion upon the seizure of Messrs. Slidell and Mason and their secretaries. The editorial from the Morning Post is understood to be inspired by Lord Palmerston; that from the Times of the 29th * See Series I, vol. 1, p. 152. l70429022voL 3 2 Page 306 306 LIST OF PAPERS. is understood to be from the foreign office. Having carefully read the different papers, we find that there is but one daily journal in London that entertains the opinion that the act of the San Jacinto is justflablethat is, the Morning Star, the supposed organ of Mr. Bright and Mr. Cobden and used as one by Mr. Adams. It is believed in well-informed circles, and in fact we may say that it had been communicated to us by persons connected with high official personages in the Government, that the cabinet, in council on the 20th ultimo, determined, upon a report of the law officers of the Crown, that the act of the commander of the San Jacinto was illegal, and that a demand should be made on the Government of the United States for apology, and the restitution of Messrs. Slidell, Mason. Macfarland, and E ustis. We have also received information in the same manner that the blockade is considered to be ineffective, entirely so, by the members of the cabinet. After a further consideration of the question, we have not as yet deemed it advisable to again formally press the recog- nition of the Confederate States upon the Government of Great Britain at this moment, but will await a favorable opportunity to do so. At this time we think it would meet with rejection, at least be- fore the answer of the Government of the United States to the de- mand which the British Government has made for apology and resti- tution shall be received. The Confederate steamer Nashville arrived at Southampton on the 21st ultimo, slightly injured in her wheelhouse and deck by adverse storms experienced in her passage. We learn from Lieutenant Pegram that on the 19th ultimo, in TO fathoms water, she captured and burned the ship harvey Birch of 1,500 tons burden, owned in New York and in ballast from Havre. She was valued at $125,000. Her officers and crew were taken to Southampton and landed there. It is understood that the Nashville will be allowed to repair. The U. S. armed steamship James Adger has been in the waters of Eng- land for the last few weeks. It was asserted that she came to seek -for the Nashville. She was allowed to repair damages sustained on her and to coal. Since then she has been hovering about the coast. We understand that in reply to a demand as to her object by an officer of the admiralty, the commander avowed that he was in- structed to seize Messrs. Mason and Slidell wherever he could find them at sea, and that he expected to take them out of the West India mail packet. We were further informed that the United States officer was then advised that such an act would be considered as an insult to the British flag. We have been advised that the opinion of the Emperor of the French and that of his ministry is that the affair of the Trent is a great outrage upon the British flag. We have inclosed extracts from various Paris journals, all taking the same view. We are, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servants, IV. L. YANCEY. P. A. ROST. A. DUDLEY MANN. lion. R. M. T. HUNTER Page 307 LIST OF PAPERS. 307 No. 10.] 40 ALBEMARLE STREET, London, L)eccndei~ 2, 1861. M~ DEAR SIR: Your instructions, dated September 23, were re- ceived on the 28th instant. At present there is a probability that our recognition by Her Britannic Majestys Government will not be much longer delayed. I congratulate you with all my heart upon the indications which so strikingly manifest themselves for a speedy termination of the noble sacrifices of our country for the attainment of its inde- pendence. Great Britain is in downright earnestness in her purpose to humili- ate by disgraceful concessions or to punish severely by force the so-called United States for the flagrant violation of the integrity of her flag upon the high seas. Her voice will now be found in her sword. By never losing sight for a moment of the object for which I was appointed and not quitting here for a day since my arrival I have succeeded in opening channels of communication with the most important personages of the realm. In [an] hour after the cabinet decided upon its line of action with respect to the outrage committed by the San Jacinto I was furnished with full particulars. What a noble statesman Lord Palmerston! His heart is as young~as it was 40 years ago. I suggested the importance of putting the new and invincible iron- plated steamer Wa ior in commission and of dispatching her to Annapolis Roads with a special minister to Washington. This, in my opinion, would have secured the immediate restoration of our captured countrymen to the freedom which they enj oyed under the British flag, and thus insured their early arrival in London and Paris. It would also have so humiliated the North that her position would have been very equivocal as relates to respectability in the family of nations. With all her brazenfacedness, she could not have elevated her bead again for a half century. As soon as Mr. Mason or his successor, if he shall not be sur- rendered, arrives I shall repair to Madrid and afterwards proceed to Brussels. For this renewed manifestation of confidence in me by the Presi- dent and the agreeable manner in which you have communicated it I can not adequately express my thanks. I can not close this hurried note without expressing to you my un- qualified admiration of the peculiarly proper bearing of Mrs. Slidell, her daughters, and Mrs. Eustis under the distressing separation from their husbands and father. Truly may it be said, as concerns those ladies, that womans hour is the hour of adversity. I never was so proud before of my countrywomen in a foreign land. There is not a British heart that does not sympathize sincerely with them. Yours, with faithful consideration, A. DUI)LEY MANN. Hon. ROBERT M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State Page 308 308 LIST OF PAPERS. No. 1.1 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, December 9, 1861. SIR: Your dispatch dated Monterey, November 4th, with enclos- tires, reached this Department this morning. I have much pleasure in conveying to you my cordial approval of the intelligent course you have pursued in the discharge of the duties confided to you. Tt is to be hoped that Governor Vidaurri and Senor Slano will succeed in inducing Governor Pesqueira and the governors of the other frontier States of Mexico to unite with them in a protest to the Mexican Government against the proposed violation of the neutrality of Mexico by permitting troops of the United States to pass through Mexican territory for the purpose of invading the Confederate States; and it is further hoped that this joint protest will dissuade the Mexican Government from a step the dangers of which are manifest, and the necessary results of which to Mexico none would deplore more sincerely than the Government of the Confederate States. The promised action of Governor Vidaurri and Senor Slano in relation to this matter accords with what this Government expects from statesmen of their enlightened patriot- ism and acknowledged ability. Mr. J. Oliver, to whose journey to this city you allude, has not yet arrived. You seem to have misapprehended your instruction in relation to the purchase of powder, lead, etc. The War Depart- ment desired to obtain the supplies specified within 40 days, but did not intend that you should consider that time as a limit. You will, therefore, obtain from Mr. Oliver the 200,000 pounds of can- non powder which you state that he can furnish, to be delivered as soon as possible; and you will also endeavor to procure such further quantities of powder, lead, etc., as you were instructed to purchase, making the best and speediest arrangements in your power for their delivery in Texas, and keeping this Department advised of your proceedings. I remain, sir, etc., Wi~. M. BROWNE, Acting Secretary of State. J. A. QUINTERO, Esq., Monterey, Mexico. P. S.I herewith enclose a draft on the assistant treasurer at New Orleans for the sum of $500, payable to your order, on account of your salary. I will thank you to sign the enclosed duplicate receipts and return them to the Department in your next dispatch. No. 2.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, December 11, 1861. SIR: Since my dispatch, No. 1, addressed to you on the 30th Novem- ber, I have received a duplicate of your No. 12, together with your private letters to me. None of your dispatches, from 2 to 11, both inclusive, have reached the Department Page 309 LIST OF PAPERS. 309 I have this day transmitted to Perkins & Co., corner of Union ~nd Carondelet Streets, New Orleans, a draft on the assistant treas- urer at that city, payable to your order, for the sum of $1,000. I am, etc., W~i. M. BRO~TNE, Acting Secietary of AState. JOHN T. Pic~~, Esq., etc. Dispatch No. 7.] HAVANA, December 12, 1861. SIR: Havana being in the immediate vicinity of many of the recent outrages which have been committed by the United States Navy on the right of neutrals, I thought it my duty to bring the subject to the notice of the colonial governments and people of the West Indies in an official dispatch, a copy of which I have the honor to enclose herewith. It affords me very great pleasure to inform the Department that public feeling here is now nearly unanimously with the Confederate States. I called on his Excellency the captain general two days since, and was much gratified to find that he evinced increased interest in our cause. He expressed himself much pleased with my letter, which he said he was then having translated; in that connection he remarked that it was a source of much regret to him that Spain was not, in the opinion of those at the head of the Government, in a condition to take the lead in the recognition of the independence of the Southern Confederacy, but that she was ready to follow England or France. He then said, he had just read the message of President Davis, with which he was delighted; that it was an able, truthful, bold, manly statement of the condition of the affairs in the South. In the absence of a full recognition of the independence of the Confederate States her people, who occasionally seek the ports of Cuba. on commercial business, could not have greater facilities for trade than they now do. The Confederate flag flies, honored and respected, in all the ports of the island which are visited by our merchant vessels. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, CR. J. HELM. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond. No. 11.1 Co1w1~izIssIoN OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, London, December ~2O, 1861. SIR: I transmit herewith a copy of dispatch No. 10, the original having been sent on the 2d instant by Mr. Evans, of Charleston, and duplicate copies of the notes addressed by the commission to Lord Russell on the 27th and 30th ultimo, in regard to the seizure of Messrs. Mason and Slidell and the blockade of our coast. Lord Russells reply of the 7th instant is also appended. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant WALKER FEARN. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, etc Page 310 310 LIST OF PAPERS. [Enclosure.] SECOND COPY. Lord Russell presents his compliments to Mr. Yancey, Mr. iRost, and Mr. Mann. He has had the honor to receive their letters of the 27th and 30th of November, but in the present state of affairs he must decline to enter into any official communication with them. FOREIGN OFFICE~ December 7, 1861. No. 12.] Co~IMIssIoN OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, London, December 20, 1861. SIR: I beg you will have the following corrections made of errors which I observe have been transcribed in the copy of the record of this commission furnished to Mr. Mason and Mr. Slidell. In No. 2, line first, the word ultimo instead of instant; also in line eighth. The date of No. 3 should have been June 10. In No. 10 the date of arrival of the West India mail packet at Southampton should have been stated as the 27th ultimo. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WALKER FEARN. Hon. WM. M. BROWNE, etc. No. 8.] HAVANA, December 21, 1861.. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of ~your dispatch of the 21st ultimo, by the hands GfiMIr. Lewis Heyliger, with its several enclosures. In my dispatch No. 6 I informed the Department that Captain Huse, the Government agent at London, had changed his plan in the shipment of cargo; that his purchases are now being sent forward in steamers instead of sailing vessels. One of his steamers is now at Nassau with a very valuable cargo, awaiting instruction from me, and I have directed Mr. Heyliger, to whom I have given ample power in the premises, to proceed in the English steamer which sails to- day for that port, there to give the captain all such instructions and facilities as will lusure, if possible, a successful continuation of his voyage. I will communicate a copy of my instructions to Mr. Heyliger to the War Department, and report all important facts touching this and other shipments of cargo in which my interven.. tion may be required to that Department. I discovered some days ago that the Federal Government, thr~ugh an agent, under the direction of her consul general, Mr. Shufeldt, was recruiting laborers here, to be employed on Fort Jefferson, and had the subject brought to the notice of the captain general and chief of police. I unofficially called the attention of the captain general to the case of the British consuls whose exequaturs were taken from them, and of Mr. Crampton whose passport was given him, by the United States Government, for a like offense, during the Crimean War. I also brought to his notice the fact that I had a few weeks since declined, on the part of the Confederate States, t Page 311 LL~T OF PAPERS. 311 accept a company of Cubans, armed, fully equipped and paid, for the war, which was tendered me, on the ground that its acceptance might entangle this Government in our difficulties. The subject is now being investigated. I am reliably informed that the consul general of the United States, in view of my letter on the blockade and rights of neutrals, addressed a communication to his Excellency, the captain general, protesting against his permitting me to communicate with him in persoii or by letter, in terms absolutely offensive to his Excellency. There is no change in the feeling of the officials or people here toward us since my last dispatch. II am, sir, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM Hon. Wxt. M. BROWNE Acting Secretary of State, I?ichniond. 4 PARIS, December 24, 1861. SIR: A friend takes charge of this letter which may prove useful should our last dispatch not have been received. Having gone to England as soon as I heard of the outrage com- mitted upon Messrs. Mason and Slidell, at the first interview I had with my colleagues we severally came to the conclusion that the sep- arate powers and instructions last received presupposed the presence of Messrs. Mason and Slidell in London and Paris, and that in the excited state of public feeling which had resulted from their capture the best interests of our Government required our presence in those capitals. I could not be in doubt as to the course I ought to pursue, having positive information through the Spanish legation here that the question of our recognition had never been mooted at Madrid, and would not be until we were recognized by England or France and knowing besides the necessity of counteracting at once an attempt then being made by an influential portion of the French press to unite against us the anti-English and the antislavery feelings of this country. Th& commissioners addressed a strong representation to Earl Russell, in relation to the affair of the Trent, asking the British Gov- eminent to demand the instant restitution of our captive friends to the protection of the British flag. England has ere this denianded that restitution, and unless the North has yielded at once war is certain. In that war France will remain neutral, but it is confi- dentlv believed in Government circles that in a few months it will be in her power to come forward and command peace between the three belligerents. Should the Lincoln Government yield, I am assured by my col- leagues that the British Government is now thoroughly convinced of the inefficiency ~f the blockade and will insist that it be raised. While the Emperor wishes to continue on good terms with the Government of the United States and would regret to see the Federal Navy destroyed, I can not doubt that his sympathies and those of his Government are with us. A series of articles headed IRecon- naissance des Etats Conf~d& 6s, n& w in course cf publication in th Page 312 4312 LIST OF PAPERS. Pays newspaper are written in the bureaux of the minister of the interior; they advocate the right of secession, the cause of the South generally, and its right fo be recognized. Other articles of the saffle character have been recommended for publication in other papers by the director of the press, but thus far have not been published, because most probably the editors of those papers expect money from us. That question of money is continually turning up against us. I do what I can out of my own means, but that resource is neces- sarily limited. Many causes little understood at home have combined to delay our recognition but a great change in public opinion has taken place here within the last six months; and in reviewing the past, while I have avoided rendering myself obnoxious by indecent haste, I am not conscious of having omitted anything calculated to advance our cause. My unofficial intercourse with members of the Government has been more and more friendly and on a recent occasion Mr. Thou- venel was pleased to say to me that no one could have done or ac- complished more than I had: We have given Earl Russell and Mr. Thouvenel the lists of the vessels which had run the blockade and in obedience to the last in- structions, addressed a communication to them. Mr. Thouvenel was astonished to find the evasions so numerous, as the reports made to him by the officer commanding the French squadron on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts had induced him to believe that notwithstanding occasional violations, the blockade could not be considered ineffec- tual. He promised to take the matter into serious consideration. The lists sent only extend to the end of August and first part of September; lists of subsequent violations should be sent to us imme- diately. Should Messrs. Mason and Slidell be liberated and allowed to proceed to Europe, recent proofs of the insufficiency of the block- ade might be of the greatest importance in their negotiations. I am, with the highest regard, your obedient servant, P. A. ROST. His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIs, President Confederate States of America. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, December 26, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that the compensation to Mr. Pike for his services as commissioner of the Confederate States to the Indian tribes, has been fixed at the sum of $3,750. Yours, respectfully, iR. M. T. HUNTER. Hon. J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of War. LONDON, December 31, 1861. SIR: Nothing has occurred since the last dispatch of the commis~ sion, which, in their opinion, requires an official communication to the State Department. Duplicates of that dispatch have also bee Page 313 LIST OF PAPERS. 313 sent off together with a copy of Earl Russells reply to our iotes. - The terms and spirit of that reply, in my opinion, called for notice from the commission, but my colleagues did not think so, and con- sequently Earl Russells note has not been answered. The publica- tion of Mr. Adamss correspondence with his Government, which has just appeared, and which doubtless you have seen, has strengthened me in the view that the note should have been replied to, but Colonel Mann (Judge Rost is at Paris) still adheres to his original impres- sion. Earl Russell promises to Mr. Adams, in June last, that he will not see the pseudo commissioners any more. What truckling to the arrogant demand of Mr. Seward, that England should forego her international privilege of hearing the case of a belligerent power. What a violation, in fact, of that impartial neutrality proclaimed~ a neutrality indeed, which includes the equal hearing both sides, although upon unequal termsofficial on one side, unoffieial on the other. Had the foreign secretary in August last not driven us to a written communication, the commissioners could have kept up unofficial and verbal interviews and communications until this time and not have subjected themselves to the rebuffs they have received, while at the same time they could have constantly kept the English cabinet in- formed of events and their own views. But Earl Russells last note cuts off all communications until at least the question of the Trent has received a solution. I presume there is no doubt that England has demanded the resti- tution of Mason and Slidell and an apology. Here public opinion generally is that they will be surrendered. The funds [?] fluctuate. The Government view is that the issue of peace or war is about evenly balanced, 10,000 picked troops, and immense war material have been sent to Canada. A great steam fleet has been fitted out and if there is war, the English blows will be crushing on the seaboard. If M. and S. [Mason and Slidell] be given up, the Government here will endeavor for awhile at least, to observe a frigid neu- trality toward us; that is, will lean to the United States on the blockade and diplomatic issue, and l)ostpone or refuse recognition. France, however, will be disposed, I think, to act more favorably and may drive England into favorable action. Public opinion is for us and when Parliament meets, I feel confident that the ministry will be compelled to act favorably or to resign. The British West India mail steamer from St. Thomas was due on 28th, but only arrived at Southampton an hour ago. The Havana steamer of 8th December failed to connect, and my opinion is that a Yankee captain, mindful of the honors heaped on Wilkes, has searched her and found dispatches or Confederate agents and has taken her into port for adjudication. If so, war can no longer be prevented, for England will not submit to it. I desire to leave here very much, and if M. and S. [Mason and Slidell] arrive, or other commissioners, will do so at once. If no one arrives to take my place and war ensues, I will leave on con- cluding a treaty with England and be home, I hope, by March. Most respectfully, yours, etc., W. L. YANCEY. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER Page 314 314 LIST OF PAPERS. 1 January, 1862.The British West India mail steamer, due on 29, not yet arrived. It is feared that a Yankee man-of-war has seized her; and, if so, perhaps because of C. S. [Confederate States] officers and dispatches on board. It was a false rumor as to arrival of the Shann~ No. 13.1 CoMMIssION OF CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, London, January 1, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith a second copy of Lord Russells reply to the protest of the commission against the seizure of Messrs. Mason and Slidell, and the nominal blockade of our coast. Since then we have nothing of importance to reiort to the De- partment. The answer to the ultimatum of the British Government has not yet been received, and preparations for war continue here with un- abated vigor. I have the honor to be, sir, your very obedient servant, XXALKER FEARN Secretary to the C ornmiS8iofl. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, etc. No. 1.] HAVANA, January 6, 1862. SIR: I have the honor to advise you of my arrival at this place on the 31st ultimo, after a voyage of not quite nine days from Mo- bile. An attempt to run the blockade at Mobile in the night suc- ceeding my arrival there failed, owing to a change of wind, and a second a few days later, on a small steamer, proved equally un- successful. The remarkable weather, almost unprecedented at that season of the year on our Gulf coast, precluded the possibility of another attempt until the 22d December, the day of my final departure. I have reason to congratulate myself on having re- sisted the promptings of my impatience during this annoying de- lay of nearly 20 days and adhered to my original plan. The route through Mexico, which I was strongly tempted to take, was already then, as now, closed by the Civil War, no foreigners being per- mitted by either of the contending parties to pass throuh Mata- moras. rThe schooner ITictor~ia, captured off the Mexican coast by the Federal cruiser Santiago, was conveying at the time the Tam- pico passengers and mails that had been detained at Brownsville. The latter were thrown overboard, the former carrie(l to Fort Taylor. Since then neither passengers nor mails from the Con- federate States have arrived here via Tampico. It appears, there- fore, that I have lost nothing in point of time by my (letention at Mobile, as even had I sailed in the Theodora from Charleston, I must have arrived here too late for the last European steamer. On the other hand, I was enabled by the delay to collect a toler- ably complete set of the latest and best Coast Survey charts of our Atlantic and Gulf coasts and harbors, with which I hope to find op- portunities for facilitating and encouraging attempts to run th Page 315 LIST OF PAPERS. 315 blockade. Some of these I have given to Mr. Helm, your agent here, with the same object. The striking success heretofoi~ at- tending such attempts to and from Cuban ports is evidenced by the enclosed list which Mr. Helm has just caused to be published. Unusual weather on the Gulf coast during December had produced a temporary lull, but since my arrival in the schooner Wilder on the 31st ultimo, six Confederate vessels, either under our own or foreign flags (one of them from Pensacola) have entered this port averag- ing one a day, besides those entering elsewhere. The latest arrival ~of this morning) is the steamer Cuba, formerly Ca/h our, from New rleans, among whose passengers is Mr. Beverly Tucker. There seems to be sufficient data to prove that in case of a prolonged con- tinuance of the blockade we may confidently rely upon Havana as an entrep6t for the exchange of at least a portion of our commodities against the necessaries we require from Europe. Impressed with this idea, I have availed myself of the assistance of some commercial friends I have met here, to obtain such practical information as appeared most likely to direct English enterprise into that channel. I also entertain strong hopes that the facts and figures which I am prepared to lay before the directors of the Royal Mail Steamship Co., and the influences I shall endeavor to bring to bear on them, may induce that company to extend its Tanipico line to Matamoras, thus affording us a regular and safe communication with Europe. These subjects, although not the immediate objects of my agency, are yet in my opinion not foreign to that object, but on the contrary may be advantageously connected with my other labors through the press. As regards these, I have of course as yet done nothing except increasing my stock of Southern political works, which is now satis- factorily complete. My latest papers are of the very recent date of the 3d instant, from New Orleans. I sail this evening and expect to be in England about the 26th or 27th. * * * * * * * I have the honor to remain your obedient servant, HENRY HOTZE. Dispatch No. 9.] HAVANA, January 7, 1862. Sw: I have the honor to enclose herewith a copy of my note of the 5th instant to our commissioners at London, with several copies of the papers therein referred to. The extra has not been circulated here, but a large number were sent by me to Europe by the steamer of yesterday. it also herewith encldse a copy of the correspondence between the commander of the Spanish forces and the governor of Vera Criiz, on the arrival of the Spanish fleet at that city, sent me by Colonel J. T. Pickett. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond Page 316 316 LIST OF PAPERS. Enclosure.] HAVANA, January 5, 186g. GENTLEMEN: I have prepared with very great care a list of ves- sels which have run the blockade to and from Cuban ports. This list I have succeeded in having published in an extia of the Mer- cantile Weekly Report of 1-Javana, and noticed in their Annual Report and Price Current, which I think should give it much weight in Europe, as the entire press here is under a strict censorship. It was not possible for me to give a list of those vessels which run the blockade from other than Cuban ports, but I am satisfied the num- ber would reach 400, with only some eight or ten captures, and none in the actual attempt to run the blockade. I hope the facts contained in the enclosed papers will convince England, France and Spain that the blockade is not effectual and should not be respected. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. W~i. L. YANcEY, A. P. RosT, and A. DUDLEY MANN, (Jommiss io ners from the Confederate States, London. No.2.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, January 14, 18G2. SIR: Since my dispatch No. 1, of December 9, 1861, was trans- mitted to you I have received your communications to this Depart- ment of November 10, 11, and 14, respectively. Mr. Jose Oliver, bearer of a letter from you of November 6, having transacted with the War Department the business relating to his visit to Richmond, will leave here to-day. On the 26th day of December last, in reply to a demand by the British Government of November 30, the Sec- retary of State of the United States informed Lord Lyons, H. B. M.s minister at Washington, that Messrs. Mason and S lidell, with their secretaries, then held in military custody at Fort Warren, in Massachusetts, should be cheerfully liberated, and his lordship was requested to indicate a time and place for receiving them. In accordance with that announcement they were placed on board the Rinaldo, a British vessel of war, which sailed for Europe on the 1st instant. The information conveyed in your dispatches relative to political disturbances in Mexico, has been read with interest and I will thank you to keep the Department advised of the progress of events in that country. A succinct and intelligent outline of the position, strength, and resources of the parties contending against the General Government of Mexico; reliable information as to the ability of the latter to maintain its authority; the state of tile revo- lution, which is understood to be progressing in Tamaulipasand how far the anticipated difficulty with Spain will unite the local governors and conflicting parties in Mexico in a common cause against that kingdom will enable this Department to form a cleare Page 317 LIST OF PAPERS. 317 idea of the complications that now exist in Mexican affairs, and the power of that republic to extricate itself from them. In your dis- l)atch of November 4 you stated that Governor Vidaurri would pro- test against the permission given by the Mexican Congress for the transportation o-f United States troops and munitions of war through Mexican territory into the Confederate States, and would oppose their passage through New Leon and Coahuila, and would address a communication on the subject to the governors of the other frontier States with a view to similar action on their part. The result of this friendly interposition of Governor Vidaurri to preserve alike the sovereignty of his State and the neutrality of Mexico you will promptly communicate to this Department. In reply to your letter of November 4, relative to the period during which your agency is to continue in Mexico, I have to inform you that it is the desire of the Secretary that you should remain there at present, and that as soon as the public service can dispense with your agency a timely notification will be communicated to you. I am, sir, etc., WM. M. BROWNE, A8sThtant Secretary of State. J. A. QUINTERO, ESQ., Monterey, Mexico, care of F. TV. Latliarn, Collector of Cu8torns, Brow n8vjlie, Tex. Dispatch No. 10.] HAVANA, January 12, 1862. SIR: I called at the palace on yesterday to present Mr. Beverly Tucker, of Virginia, to his Excellency the captain-general and was received with the usual cordiality of General Serrano. During the conversation the general expressed the opinion, in an emphatic man- ner, that the Confederate States would be recognized by England, France, and Spain in less than 60 days. He also informed us that the fleets of those nations, now rendezvoused at Vera Cruz, had been ordered back here, to be in readiness for operations in another quar- ter. I also learned from him that owing to ill health he would re- turn to Spain, and that General Prim would succeed him in the governorship of Cuba. Though I much regret the loss of General Serrano at this time, have every assurance that General Prim will feel an equal interest in our cause and will continue the policy of General Serrano. The suspension of specie payments by the Federal Treasury and banks has created quite a panic here. Two months ago I warned every prominent merchant here of the necessity of withdrawing their funds from New York, and many acted upon my suggestion; some, however, have been caught, which has increased the growing disgust for the Lincoln Government. I have the honor to be, with very great respect, your obedient servant, CH. J. HELM. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State, Richmond Page 318 318 LIST OF PAPERS. LONDON, Jai~uary 18, 1862. M~ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: In endeavoring to keel) you faithfully advised of all that is transpiring in Europe with reference to American affairs, I have incurred a large amount of risk. I console myself with the belief that all the letters which I have addressed to you reached their destination. I have employed every channel of communication which I conceived to be available. The signal triumph of the Government over the Government at Washington amounting to disgraceful humiliation will cause it to observe for a short time a more vigorous neutrality here and between the South and North. It will act upon the principle that it is well to pursue a coward who runs for his life, exclaiming at the top of his voice, Mercy, mercy, mercy! But a great movement has been reported, the accomplishment of which I regard as positively certain, that will frustrate overwhelmingly the designs of the Lincolnites. Louis Napoleon sustained Lord Palmerston by his moral aid in the affair of the lirent. The latter in his turn will sustain the former in his matter of raising the blockade of our ports. As the Yankees yielded unconditionally in the one instance, they are quite as likely to yield in the other. I have the best of reasons for assuring you that there is a contract understanding upon the subject, and that all the powers and States of Europe will cordially become parties to it. But for the capture and surrender of Messers. Mason, Slidell, Mac- farland, and Eustis Great Britain would have taken the initiative instead of France, as I from time to time informed you would be the case. Already an urgent remonstrance has been sent to Washing- ton against the sinking of the stone-freighted ships in Charleston Harbor. In all circles this diabolical proceeding is denounced as an outlawry upon the national law. Indeed, the manifestation is as universal as it is unqualified in condemnation of it. In defense of our hearthstones ~e may still have to endure severe tnals and sorrows, but when peace shall again smile upon our happy homes it will then behold us with unsullied honor, the essence of all that is noble and daring on earth, and all that is worth living for to virtuous humanity. The indecency of the North, tidings of that event last Monday. has dispirited the most clamorous advocate in this metropolis. They perceived that she is now hopelessly ruined financially as well as morally. Well does the New York Board of Commerce remark that she has arrived at the beginning of the end. I can say nothing more with regard to her than that the Nashville is still in the docks of Southampton. The Missouri is evidently await- ing her movements. Each has been notified that she was not to proceed to sea within 24 hours of the departure of the other. Never was any Navy adorned by a more gallant, discreet, or exemplary coin- mander than Captain Pegram. As my countryman, I am proud of him, both as a gentleman and an officer. He is a general favorite in Old England. The Times of last Saturday contained a forcible attack upon Messrs. Slidell and Mason, which has very much ex- asperated our friends. I confess I do not participate in this sensi- tiveness. The article was positively cruel, but it has been succeeded day after day by piercingly excruciating onslaughts upon the Lincoln concern. That journal occasionally strikes at our country, but it seems to do so expressly for the purpose of enabling itself to strik Page 319 LIST OF PAPERS. more effectively at our detested and detestable enemy. I shalL never lose my temper with it while it thus acts. In its relations to us I may liken it to the sun, which, while its scorching rays blacken tile cheeks of the fair damsel, also matures the joyous harvest. Our cap- tured countrymen * are daily expected. Their arrival will perhaps not be delayed beyond the 21st or 22d. I trust your health continues good. The Northern press has ceased to report it as bad. May our friends on the field and elsewhere continue as hopeful as ever of the glorious future which awaits the sacrifices which they have made. I feel sure that we have seen the last of the darkest days. Bright skies are looming up in the near distance. The Sumter is still at Cadiz. As ever, yours faithfully, A. DUDLEY MANN. Hon. JEFFERSON DAVIS, Ric1irnoi~ d. No. 14.] COMMISSION OF TflE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, London, January 27, 1862. SIR: An unnumbered dispatch dated 9th of November, 1861, was received by us on the 16th instant through the British post office, postmarked Liverpool. It was to inform us of a victory of the Confederate troops at Bel- mont, and enclosed a copy of the telegram of Gen. Polk annonncin~ the fact. It was gratifying to receive this official contradiction of the Northern account of that battle, even at this late date. We desire again to call the attention of tile Department to the great importance of seizing every favorable opportunity to forward to this commission official information as to tile arrivals and depar- tures of vessels from the ports of the Confederate States. We were much gratified at receiving such information up to the 20th of August last, in dispatch No.. 8 dated August 24 and received by the commission on the 28th of November last. Tile facts thus conveyed to us have been of more essential benefit than any other statement of fact or argument heretofore made. If the commission could also have received from the Department an additional schedule of arrivals and departures up to the date of dispatch No. 12, of October 23, which left Charleston in the ATa8hville on the 26th of that month, and a still additional schedule made up to the 9th of November, the date of the last dispatch, the influence of such facts, when communicated to the Government and public here, would have been far greater even than that of the facts as to the arrivals and departures up to the 20th of August last, for the Governments of the European powers will be more apt to act upon the present than the past condition of the blockade. Not a day passes that does not bring us influential active personages enquir- ing for facts as to the blockade with which to swell the pressure being made upon the Government. And the commission are compelled to meet such by replying that they expect to be prepared to furnish to * Messrs. Mason, Slidell, Eustis, and Macfarland Page 320 320 LIST OF PAPERS. their friends all needful information when Parliament meets on the 6th of February. We trust that by the West In(lia mail steamer due on the 29th instant, the fullest information will be received here from the State Department on that vital point. We have had no interview nor communication with Earl Russell since our note to him of the 30th of November and his reply of the 7th of December last, copies of which have been communicated to you. By reference to Mr. Adamss dispatch to Mr. Seward, dated the 14th of June last, it would appear that Mr. Adams complained that the Confederate commissioners had been allowed to have interviews with Earl Russell, and that his lordship replied that it had been the custom both in France and here to receive such persons un- officially for a long time back. Poles, Hungarians, Italians, etc., had been allowed interviews to hear what they had to say. But this did not imply recognition in their case any more than in ours. He added that he had seen the gentlemen some time ago, and once some time since; he had no expectation of seeing them any more. (Vide London Times, 30 December, 1861.) l~\Te conceive that this concession to the demand of Mr. Adams and the refusal to see us personally, was a violation of that neutrality which this Government has proclaimed to be the rule by which it would be guided, and that receiving written communications from the commission, even if in full accordance with, and no violation of Earl Russells agreement with Mr. Adams, was not an adequate substitute for personal interviews in which there is a mutual inter- change and suggestion of ideas, and by which the commission could better ascertain the real tone and temper of the Government, and be thus guided in their approaches. The members of the commission differed in their views as to the policy of a reply to the note of Earl Russell of December 7 after the publication of Mr. Adamss note to Mr. Seward, of the 14th of June last. Mr. Yancey thought that the dignity of the Govern- ment was involved, and required a moderate yet firm and dignified protest against the conduct of Earl Russell in refusing personal interviews and in virtually denying even written communications. Mr. Rost and Mr. Mann did not attach the same importance to this, and no reply was made. The public journals and all circles in society show the great and permanent consideration which is being given to the American question. It is believed to occupy the attention of this and of the French Government. The prevailing and doubtless correct im- pression here is, that these two Governments have remonstrated in strong terms and also protested against the sinking of the stone fleet in the main channel at Charleston, and that they will directly interfere in some way. Some indications are that the interference will go to the extent of a demand of an armistice and that the differ- ences of boundary between the North and South shall be settled by these powers. What form, however, intervention will assume, we have no in- formation of, but we believe that it will take place in a short time. The whole question will be brought forward in Parliament at an early day, and will doubtless give rise to heated discussion Page 321 LIST OF PAPERS. 321 We regret to inform you that Messrs. Mason and Slidell, with their secretaries, have not been heard of since they left Provincetown on the 2d instant in the British corvette Z?inaldo. It is understood that the Rinaldo8 orders were to proceed to Halifax, and up to the 14th instant nothing had been heard of her there. The West India mail steamer from Havana via St. Thomas is due at Southampton on the 29th instant, and we have some hopes of the arrival of these gentlemen by that route. The vessel by which we send this dispatch will leave on to-morrow, too early to convey any information as to the arrival of the West India mail packet. We remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servants, W. L. YANCEY. A. DUDLEY MANN. lIon. R. ~L T. HUNTER, etc. [Enclosures.] 1. Napoleons speech on the opening of the chambers. 2. Lord Russells reply to Mr. Seward; affair of the Thent. LONDON, January 27, 1862. DEAR SIR: Lieutenant Fauntleroy sails in the morning in command of the Economi8t. I wish the ship could be delayed two days, in order to convey the news of the West India mail steamer due at Southamp- ton on 28th or 29th instant.. We feel great anxiety as to the safety of Messrs. Mason and Slidell, who have not been heard of since the 2d instant. If they arrive, as we hope they may do, by the West India mail steamer, I shall leave in all probability on the 1st February by another one of our chartered steamers for NassauJohn IE. Ward, Esq., of Georgia, will be w-ith meand I should be glad if the Government would send the Theodora over for me. There is another probability and that is, that if the chartered ship should be delayed, I will go by the return West India mail packet and arrive at Havana about 24th February. In either event, I should desire some early and spee(ly conveyance from I-lavana to the Confederate States. A state of blockade and the great desire of the enemy to seize one so conspicuous as I have been in the cause of Southern independence, induces me to suggest to you that it might well be considered a national duty to assist me in reaching one of our ports in safety. Colonel Mann is still here and Judge Kost in Paris. The public mind here and in France is fully engaged with American troubles, and I have some reason to think that France and England will unite in an armed intervention. The blockade seems to be generally admitted to be a paper one, and had the State Department, instead of sending us dispatches containing only, on 23d October, an announcement of battle of Lees- burg, and on 9th November only General Polks telegram, sent full returns from our custom-houses of all vessels breaking the blockade, we should have had it [ml our power to have broken it here also. l76429022voL 3 2 Page 322 LIST OF PAPERS. Considering that there is but one mission for that department to attend to, I must think, in the interests of our endangered country, that. there has been negligence and indifference displayed by it in keeping this commission informed upon the main point, upon which it requested information. If Mason and Slidell do not arrive on 29th instant, I shall be most disagreeably placed, between a sense of what is the duty I owe to the Confederacy and the duty I owe my State. If my State woul(l exercise a generous forbearance, 1 might remain another month. As yet I have har(lly niade up my mind as to what I shall do. Yours, very truly, W. L. YANCEY. [Endorsement on cover, Mr. Yancey to the President.1 No. 3.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Richmond, eJanuary ~8, 1862. SIR: Your dispatch No. 13 dated at Vera Cruz, 31st of December, with its enclosures, reached this Department to-day, and were sub- mitted to tile President. Tile nonreceipt of several of your dis- patches and particularly of that one, in which, as you state, you give the details of the causes which induced you to leave the city of Mexico, renders it difficult to form a proper estimate of tile circam- stances which controlled your action. As the President does not consider that the public service requires at the present time the employment of an agent at Vera Cruz, lie directs me to inform you that you have his permission to return to the Confederate States as soon after the receipt of this dispatch as you think proper. In my dispatch of the 11th ultimo, I informed you that I had sent to Perkins & Co., corner of Union and Carond& et Streets, New Orleans, a draft on the assistant treasurer at that city, payable to your order, for the sum of $1,000. lain, sir,etc., W~r. M. BROWNE, Assistant Secretary of State. JOhN T. PiCKETT, Esq., etc., Vera (~ruz, Mexico. RIcIL~ioNi), January 2~S, 1862. SIR: I am directed by the Secretary of War to communicate to you the matter contained in the enclosed copy of a letter from General J. R. Anderson. and also a copy of a report made to his assistant adjutant general. Very respectfully, A. T. BLEPSOR, (Idef, I?ureau of War. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State Page 323 LIST OF PAPERS. 323 FENTON~S HOTEL~ LC~NDON, January 30, 18Cc. DLXR SIR: We arrived in London yesterday evening, and I eoukl address you but a short private note by a ship to sail to-day for a Confederate port. I have had hut one day in London, and that en- grossed by visitors, embracing many of my countrymen here with many English gentlemen who sympathize with us. This letter which can not contain much is to go by the Nask~rille; and if Captain Pegram makes good his voyage, he will tell you the complications that have arisen in regard to his presence in an English port. It will suffice for me to say that, the Federal ship Tusearora being at Smith- ampton to watch him, this Government ordered both to leave the port, brought about by misconduct in regard to espionage of the com- mander of the Tuscarara, the Naskv 71e to depart, as I understand it, 24 hours (afterward~ extended to 48) after the departure of the Tus- caro~a. Captain Pegram, who c& isulted with me in obeying this ap- parently harsh order, has acted in everything in a manner becoming his position. I have not the means of making myself fully acquainted with the orders of the British Government in this regard, they being partly written and partly through verbal communication. So far as I have understood them, however, I have no reason to believe that the Admiralty intended incivility or discourtesy to the Na8hville but under the necessity of sending away the Ti2scarora, it was thought prudent, and to preserve neutrality, to extend the same. measure to the Nash ille. In my short note of last night I could tell you only of the favorable impression we received everywhere on our voyage of sympathy from British naval officers. Now with but a days experience in London, my impressions decidedly are that, although the ministry may hang back in regard to the hlockade and recognition through the (~ueens speech at the opening of Parliament, next week the popular voice, through the House of Commons, will demand both. But few mem- bers, it is said, are yet in town, but there is a prevalent desire mani- fested to be well informed as to American affairs, an(1 I have said t~ those who have called on me that I should be happy to see and con- verse with any gentlemen who desired such information. My views, of course, upon such short acquaintance here, must be crude,, but I shall be disappointed if the Parliament does not insist on definite actlon J~ the ministry, inuring to the relief of their people as well as ours. By the next opportunity I shall hope to write you more formally and at large. Please send the enclosed to Mrs. Mason. Very respectfully, truly yours, J. M. MASON. lion. R. M. T. HUNTER, Secretary of State. LONDON, Fe~ruaiyj 1, 1862. Mv DEAR MR. PREsInE~wr: The enclosed was written at the time of its date and sent to my Liverpool correspondent for transmission through Kentucky. as other of my letters were transmitted to you; but lie concluded that it was too much of a risk for his friend at Louisville to undertake to forward it from there and returned it Page 324 324 LIST OF PAPERS. I can confidently assure you that all the powers and States of Europe will manifest their decided dissatisfaction to the Lincoln Govern- ment at the worse than barbarous act of Lincoln in sinking the stone fleet in Charleston Harbor. Lord Russell has written two strong remonstrances to Washington upon the subject, the first in Decem- ber and the second last week. Adams and Dayton promised Great Britain and France decisive victories over us by the 15th of Feb- ruary. They have delayed any definite movement with respect to the raising of the blockade. Unless we are unfortunate in some great engagement the measure can not be delayed much longer. Mr. Mason arrived on the 29th [ultimol. Of course, my duties here have been terminated; but as Parliament is about to meet, I think I can render valuable services, and therefore shall not proceed to the Continent for some time. I believe I shall negotiate with Belgium the first treaty ever concluded by the Confederate States. I have already the outlines of one proposed, which I am sure will meet with your approval as well as that Qf the coordinate bi~anch of the treaty- making powers. Mr. Yancey is anxious to take his seat in the Senate at the opening on the 22d proximo. Respectfully, your friend, A. DUDLEY MANN. P. 5.I open this to enclose the accompanying [memorandumi, which has just been placed in my hands. I regard it as authentic. A.D.M. [confi(lential memorandum.] LONDON, ~Jawu arg 31, 186g. About 10 days ago the English foreign office sl11)mitte(l the two following questions to the maritime powers of Europe: First. Is the sinking of the stone fleet in the main channel of Charleston Harbor contrary to public law an(l an outrage on civili- zation? Second. Is the blockade effective, or has it ever l)een so? Is it now binding on neutral powers? Since Monday last (27th instant) answers, in the shape of memori- als (in the cases of France and Prussia drawn up by the law officers of the Crown). have been received from France, who emphatically pronounces the destruction of harbor to be an act of vindictive vandalism and a gross violation of the law of nature and of nations, no belligerent having any right to destroy such a harbor to the permanent injury of mankind. In answer to second question, France pronounces the blockade to be incifective and ille~al and concludes that neutral powers ought no longer to respect it. Prussia arrives at same conclusions as France upon both questions, but admits attenuating [extenuating~ circumstances as regards destruction of harbor. The Prussian jurist goes into a hair-splitting disquisition, recognizes the right of a power possessing and holding a port of its own to ruin it forever if that be necessary for self- defense, but denies the right of an aggressor to do so. Thus the Russians were justified in burning Moscow in 1812, the invading French in doing so would have committed a heinous crim Page 325 LIST OF PAPERS. 325 against humanity. Prussia winds up by declaring the sinking of the stone fleet to be a crime and outrage on civilization. Sardinia agrees with France on both questions, but her condemna- tion both of blockade and stone fleet is in even stronger terms. Austria declares blockade altogether illegal and has instructed Mr. Hulsemaun to represent her views to the Washington Govern- ment. She coincides with the other beforementioned powers in con- demning the sinking of the stone fleet. Spains reply is incomplete. She declares blockade to be alto- (fether ineffective, but not being in possession of all the facts con- nected with the stone fleet can not yet express a decided opinion on the subject. Her final opinion is expected daily, and no doubt what- ever is entertained at Foreign Office that it will be in harmony with that of other powers consulted. Russia has not yet replied to these questions, but in a recent corn- nmnication she has emphatically declared blockade to be ineffec- Live and contrary to the principles adopted at the Conference of 1~aris in 1856. Sweden and Holland have not yet replied. Their answers are daily expected. No. 2.] LONDON, February 1, 1862. SIR: I avail myself of the opportunity afforded by Mr. Yancey s departure for home to advise you of my arrival at my destination, having reached London on the 29th ultimo via Southampton. Beyond this I have as yet but little to communicate. It would be premature, after a sojourn.of barely three days, to venture upon an expression of opinion on the tone of public sentiment here. So far as I have met individuals, and so far as the information extends which I receive from others, the impression left on my mind is favorable without warranting very sanguine hope. There seems to be somewhat of a lull in public discussions through the press, probably owing to the approaching meeting of Parliament, which assembles on the 5th instant. The papers have said little or no~thing beyond a mere announcement of the fact concerning the arrival of our commissioners. I argue nothing unfavorable from this and account for it on the ground that these gentlemen having already become by their capture and release objects of unusual public curiosity it was thought necessary to discourage and prevent manifestations and demonstrations to which a political significance might be attached, which the Government did not desire or which might really become the occasion for producing political effects e(~ually undesirable. In this wise, also, do I explain an editorial article in the Times newspaper (published previous to their arrival, and which I have not yet seen) in which Messrs. Mason and Slidell are said to be represented as the persistent enemies and assailants of Great Britain an(l her interests throughout their public lives. This onslaught, however, whatever may have been its meaning, stands isolated from the usual policy of the Times toward us, either before or since. While upon the whole we have little cause of complaint against the London press, there are yet unmistakable evidences, even if w Page 326 326 LIST OF PAPERS~. had not positive knowledge, that an indefatigable and unscrupulous agency is constantly at work neglecting no opportunity to damage us in public estimation. Its head, I have every reason to believe, is Thurlow Weed, who is said to have at his disposal a large secret service fun4 for that purpose. Fortunately the manner in which he and his coaJ~utors endeavor to accomplish their object~ is that of all others the most repulsive to English taste and habit and J am welt convinced that he most injures the cause which he means to serve. His example warns me that I can not t~ too cautious and circtun- spect. I shall not venture to write until I feel my ground firmly under me and have a reasonable prospect of achieving some positive good, certain that iii this case more than any other whatever is not useful does harm. For this reason I shall probably have little to transmit of my own composition for some three of four week~ to come. Meanwhile I hope to be able to survey the field before me sufficiently to form an intelligent estimate of the relative importance of conflicting interests and views, as well as of those who advocate and hold them. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, hENRY H(xr~E. Hon. R. M. T. HUNTER~ Secretary of State, Richmond. P. 8.My first communication was dated havana, January ~, and intrusted to a chance opportunity. 11.11. No. 1.1 CoMMIssIoN CONFEDU~ATK STATES