TITLE: Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion; Series I - Volume 4: Operations in the Gulf of Mexico (November 15, 1860 - June 7, 1861); Operations on the Atlantic Coast (January 1, 1861 - May 13, 1861); Operations on the Potamac and Rappahannock Rivers (January 5, 1861 - December 7, 1861) AUTHOR: United States. Naval War Records Office PUBLISHER: Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1896 Page A Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. Page B a 51 2L. ~ k 3Jt4aa, ~tw turk BERNARD ALBERT SINN COLLECTION NAVAL HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY THE GIFT OF BERNARD A. SIN N, 97 191 Title Page Page R001 OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE NAVIES IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF The Hon. H. A. HERBERT, Secretary of the Navy, BY LIEJIT. COMMANDER RICHARD RUSH, U. S. NAVY, SUPERINTENDENT NAVAL WAR RECORDS, AND MR. ROBERT H. WOODS. BY AUTHORITY OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED JULY 31, 1894. SERIES 1VOLUNE 4. OPEIRATIONS IN TIlE O-ULIfl O1~ MEXICO FROM NOVEMBER 15, 1860, TO JUNE 7, 1861. OIPIERA~TIONS ON TIlE ATLANTIC COAST FROM JANUARY 1 to MAY 13, 186t. OIPEIRATIONS ON TIlE POTOMAC AND IRAPPAIIANNOCEL RIVEIRS FROM JANUARY 5 TO DECEMBER 7, 1861. WASIIINGTOK: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1896 Page R002 7 Page R003 CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES. VOLUME 1. Operations of the cruisers from January 19, 1861, to December 31, 1862. VOLUME 2. Operations of the cruisers from January 1, 1863, to March 31, 1864. VOLUME 3. Operations of the cruisers from April 1, 1864, to December 30, 1865. Page R004 Table of Contents Page R005 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. List of illustrations - vii Preface Order of compilation of Series I xiii, xiv List of vessels, Home Squadron and Potomac Fiotilla. - xv, xvi Calendar, January to December, 1861 xvii Operatibns in the Gulf of Mexico 3218 Principal events: Union reports Surrender of the Pensacola navy yard, January 12, 1861 16-62 Cooperation of the Navy in the relief of Fort Pickens, April 12, 1861 107138 Proclamation of blockade of seven Southern States, April 19, 1861 156 Notice of blockade issued at Key West, FIn., May 6, 1861 159 Notice of blockade issued at Pensacola, Fla., May 13, 1861 168 Seizure of the yacht Wanderer at Key West, Fla., May 14, 1861. 169 Notice of blockade issued at Pass a lOutre, Mississippi River, May 26, 1861 187 Capture of the schooner Mary Clinton, May 29, 1861 188 Confederate reports Reports and correspondence relative to Pensacola navy yard. - 58-62 Reports and correspondence relative to the reenforcement of Fort Pickens, Fla 134138 Miscellaneous correspondence relating to affairs in the Gulf of Mexico 211218 Operations on the Atlantic Coast 219408 Principal events: Union reports Cooperation of the Navy in the attempts to relieve Fort Sumter, S. C., January and April, 1861 219263 Seizure of the U. S. light-house tender in the James Riyer by Virginia troops, April 18,1861 271 Destruction and abandonment of the Norfolk navy yard, April 20, 1861 272313 Seizure of the tug Young America and schooner George M. Smith, April 24, 1861 330 Proclamation of blockade of the ports of Virginia and North Carolina, April 27,1861 340 Transfer of the U. S. Naval Academy from Annapolis, Md., to Newport, R. T 340392 Notice of blockade is& ued at Hampton Roads, Va., April 30, 186L 355,356 Affair between the U. S. S. Yankee and the battery at Gloucester Point, Va., May 7, 1861 380 Cooperation of the Navy in the transportation of troops from Perryville to Annapolis, Md., April 22 to May 11, 1861 394-398 Page R006 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Operations on the Atlantic CoastContinued. Page. Principal eventsContinued. Confederate reports Reports and correspondence relative to the attempts to relieve Fort Sumter, S. C 256263 Reports and correspondence relative to the destruction and abandonment of the Norfolk navy pard, April 20, 1861 306313 Reports and correspondence relating to affairs in vicinity of Hampton Roads, Va., April 18 to May 13, 1861 399408 Operations on the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers 409774 Principal events: Union reports Flying Flotilla proposed for duty in Chesapeake Bay and tribu taries 420 468 Recapture of Smiths Point light-boat, May 18, 1861... Cooperation of the Navy in the occupation of Alexandria, Va., May 24, 1861 Engagements between vessels of the Potomac Flotilla and the Confederate batteries at Aquia Creek, Va., May 29 to June 1, 1861 490501 Burning of the schooner Christiana Keen by a party of Virgin ians near Mathias Point, Va., June 14, 1861 516 Descent on Mathias Point, Va., Juno 25, 1861 533,534 Affair at Mathias Point, Va. (death of Commander Ward), June 27, 1861 536-545 Capture of the steamer St. Nicholas, June 29, 1861 - .. 549555 Demonstration by the U. S. S. Pocahontas on the steamer George Page, July 7, 1861 565 Discovery of a torpedo in the Potomac River, July 7, 1861 566-568 Cooperation of the U. S. Marine Corps in the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861 579581 Engagement between vessels of the Potomac Flotilla and Con- federate batteries at Potomac Creek, Va., August 23, 1861---- 632, 633 Engagement between vessels of Potomac Flotilla and Confeder- ate battery at Freestone Point, Va., September 25, 1861 688691 Destruction of a schooner in Quantico Creek, Va., October 11, 1861 709, 710 Confederate reports Reports of engagement at Aquia Creek, Va., May 29 to June 1, 1861 495501 Report of the burning of the house of Dr. Uooe uewr Mathias Point, Va., June 25, 1861 534 Reports of the affair at Mathias Point, Va., June 27, 1861 542544 Reports relative to the capture of the steamer St. Nicholas 551555 Report of engagement at Potomac Creek Va 633 Report of engagement at Freestone Point Va 691 Miscellaneous reports and correspondence relating to affairs on the Potomac River 77177 List of Illustrations Page R007 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. United States Steamer Brooklyn. - - - Frontispiece. United States Ship Macedonian 14 United States Ship Cumberland 86 United States Steamer Merrimack 274 United States Ship Constitution 398 United States Steau~er Pawnee . 492 United States t3teanier Pocahontas 718 vI Page R008 Page R009 PREFACE. The publication of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate navies in the war of the rebellion was begun November 1, 1894, by the Navy Department, under authority of an act of Congress approved July 31, 1894. The plan of publication adopted by the Department for the compilation includes only the use of such material as may be certified to be contemporaneofts naval records of the war, which is divided into three series, in the following order of arrangement: 1. The first series embraces the reports, orders, and correspondence, both Union and Confederate, relating to all naval operations on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and inland waters of the United States during the war of the rebellion, together with the operations of vessels acting singly, either as cruisers or privateers, in different parts of the world. These reports are accompanied by occasional maps and diagrams. In this series the papers are arranged according to squadrons and flotillas, chronologically, and, as far as possible, the Union reports of any events are immediately followed by the Confederate reports. II. The second series embraces the reports, orders, and correspond- ence relating to 1. The condition of the Union Navy in 1861, before the commence- ment of hostilities, and to its increase during the progress of the war, including the annual and special reports of the Secretary of the Navy and chiefs of the various bureaus. 2. The construction and outfit of the Confederate INj~avy, includ- ing privateers, setting forth also the annual and special reports of the Confederate Secretary of the Navy and chiefs of bureaus. 3. Statistical data of all vessels, Union and Confederate, as far as can be obtained. 4. Returns of naval and military property captured by the navies of both sides during the war. 5 Correspondence relating to naval prisoners. This series is also arranged chronologically in each of the above sec- tions as far as practicable. I Page R010 x PREFACE. III. The third series embraces all reports, orders, correspondence, and returns of the Union and Confederate authorities not specially relating to the matter of the first and second series. It is the intention of the Department to introduce throughout the volumes of the different series illustrations of each class or type of ves- sels referred to, in order to preserve the identity of these ships as they actually appeared during the war. These cuts have been reproduced either from photographs of the vessels themselves or from carefully prepared drawings made from official sources. Much difficulty has been found in collecting the records, for while the official reports of commanders of fleets and of vessels acting singly are on file in the Navy Department, it is found that the correspondence between flag-officers and their subordinates is frequently missing. Without this squadron correspondence the historical value of the work would necessarily be incomplete, and the Department, therefore, has spared no pains to secure the letter books and papers of the chief actors on both sides. These papers have for the most part been obtained, and they have been copiously used in the compilation of the work. The reports of the Union commanders are full and fairly complete. It is to be regretted, however, that the Confederate records are not equally complete, due to the great difficulty found in collecting them, and also to the fact that a large part of the archives of the Confederate Navy Department was burned at the close of the war. Frequent careful searches throughout various parts of the country, conducted by a special agent of the Department, have brought to light many duplicates of these papers, found among the personal files of participants. It is hoped that the publication will revive the interest of the participants in the events referred to and lead them to bring to the notice of the Department the whereabouts of any papers bearing upon naval oper- ations in the civil war of which they may have knowledge. The third volume of the records (Series I, vol. 3), which has been recently published by the Department, completes the reports of the operations of the cruisers to the close of the war. The compilation, under the plan of publication of the work, now treats of earlier events in that struggle, more especially of those which occurred on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. The present volume (Series 1, vol. 4) is divided into three divisions, and comprises the reports of (1) early operations in the Gulf of Mexico prior to the estab- lishment of the blockading squadrons, (2) operations upon the Atlanti Page R011 PREFACE. XI coast during the same period, and (3) operations on the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers up to December 7, 1861. The reports and cor- respondence are placed chronologically in each division, with a distinct heading for every paper. In the record of events in which both sides took part, the Confederate reports immediately follow the Union reports, while the miscellaneous Confederate correspondence is placed at the end of each division. Reference to the table of contents will show the context of these Confederate papers. Jt is believed that the chronological arrangement of the records, in connection with the full and copious index to each volume, will afford ample means of reference to its contents without other subdivision or classification. In reports of special or single events, in which the papers bear specific relation to those events, the chronological order has been somewhat modified, and such documents have been placed together in the compilation. RICHARD RUSH, ROBERT H. Woons, Compilers. NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. 0., September 1, 1896. NoTE.The following is an extract from the law governing the dis- tribution of the sets comprising the publication (act of Congress approved July 31, 1894): * * * Of said number; six thousand eight hundred and forty copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, two thou- sand one hundred and twelve copies for the use of the Senate, and one thousand and forty-eight copies for the use of the Navy Department and for distribution by the Secretary of the Navy among officers of the Navy and contributors to the work. The quotas herein authorized of said publication for the Senate and House of Representatives shall be sent by the Secretary of the Navy to such libraries, organizations, and individuals as may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Fifty-third Congress, it being the purpose of this dis- tribution herein provided for to place these records in public libraries, and with permanent organizations having libraries, so far as such libra- ries may exist in the several States and Territories. Each Senator shall designate not exceeding twenty-four and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding nineteen of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time, as they are published, until the publication is completed, and all sets that may not be ordered to be dis- tributed as provided herein shall be sold by the Secretary of the Navy for cost of publication, with ten per centum added thereto, and the pro- ceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address, the Secretary of the Navy shall inform the Senators, Representatives, or Delegates wh Page R012 XII PREFACE. have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of the Navy shall inform distributees at whose instance the volumes are sent. The following joint resolution regarding the distribution of the work was approved January30, 1896: Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America tn Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to send the undistributed copies of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and of the Confederate navies, to such libraries, organizations, and individuals as may be desigitated before the meeting of the next Con- gress by the Representatives in the Fifty-fourth Congress of the dis- tricts whose Representatives in the Fifty third Congress failed to designate the distributees of their quota of said Official Records, or any part thereof, as authorized by the act of Congress approved July thirty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, and the joint resolution approved March second, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, to the extent and in the manner and form provided in said act Page R013 ORDER OF COMPILATION OF NAVAL WAR RECORDS. SEIRIES I. 1. Operations of the Cruisers, 18611865. Union cruisers. West India (Flying) Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Wilkes, U. S. N., 1862-1863. West India (Flying) Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Lardner, U. S. N., 1863.-186~. Confederate cruisers and privateers. 2. Operations in the Gulf of Mexico, January to June 7, 1861. Surrender of the Pensacola Navy Yard. Cooperation of the Navy in the relief of Fort Pickens. 3. Operations on the Atlantic Coast, January to May 13, 1861. Cooperation of the Navy in the attempts to relieve Fort Sumter. Abandonment and destruction of the Norfolk Navy Yard. Home Squadron, under Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. N. 4. Operations on the Potomac and Eappahannock rivers, 18611865. Potomac Flotilla, under Commander Ward, U. S. N., 1861. Potomac Flotilla, under Captain Craven, U. S. N., 1861. Potomac Flotilla, under Lieutenant Wyman, U. S. N., 18611862. Potomac Flotilla, under Commodore Harwood, U. S. N., 1862-1863. Potomac Flotilla, under Commander Parker, U. S. N., 1863-1865. 5. Atlantic Blockading Squadrons, 18611865. Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Flag-Officer Striugham, U. S. N., May 13 to Sept. 23, 1861. West India Squadron, under Flag.Officer Pendergrast, U. S. N., 1861. Naval Defenses of Virginia and North Carolina, under Flag.Officer Barron, C. S. N. Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Flag-Officer Goldsborough, U. S. N., 1861. North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Goldsborough, U. S. N., 1861-1862. Naval Defenses of Virginia and North Carolina, under Flag-Officer Lynch, C. S. N. James River Squadron, under Flag-Officer Buchanan, C. S. N. James River Squadron, under Flag-Officer Tattuall, C. S. N. James River Flotilla, under Commodore Wilkes, U. S. N., 1862. North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Lee, U. S. N., 1862-1864. James River Squadron, under Flag-Officers Forrest and Mitchell, C. S. N. * Naval Defenses Inland Waters of North Carolina, under Commander Iinkney, C. S. N. * Naval Defenses Cape Fear River, North Carolina, under Flag-Officer Lynch, C. S. N. North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Porter, U. S. N., 1864-1865. James River Squadron, under Flag-Officers Mitchell and Semmes, C. S. N. * Naval Defenses Cape Fear River, North Carolina, under Flag-Officer Pinkney, C. S. N. North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Acting Rea--Admiral Radford, U. S. N., 1865. South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Du Pont, U. S. N., 1861-1863. * Naval Defenses of South Carolina and Georgia, under Flag-Officer Tattuall, C. S. N. * Naval Defenses of Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, under Flag-Officer Ingraham, C. S. N. South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Dahigren, U. S. N., 1863-1865. *Naval Defenses of Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, under Flag-Officer Tucker, C. S. N. Naval Defenses of Savannah, Ga., under Flag-Officers Hunter and Tattuall, C. S. N. * The Confederate material under this head is very scant. It is therefore hoped that those who have any Confederate naval documents upon the subject will communicate with the Office of Naval War Records, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. XII Page R014 XIV ORDER OF COMPILATION OF NAVAL WAR RECORDS. 6. Gulf Blockading Squadrons, 18611865. Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Flag-Officer Mervine, U. S. N., 1861. Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Flag-Officer McKean, U. S. N., 1861-1862. * Mississippi River Defenses, under Flag-Officer Rollins, C. S. N. East Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Flag-Officer McKean, U. S. N., 1862. East Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Lardner, U. S. N., 1862. East Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Bailey, U. S. 1~ -, 1862-1864. East Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Captain Greene, U. S. N., 1864. East Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Stribling, U. S. N., 18641865. West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Flag-Officer Farragut, U. S. N., 1862-1863. Mortar Flotilla, under Commander Porter, U. S. N., 1862. Lower Mississippi River Defenses, under Commander J. K. Mitchell, C. S. N. * Mobile Defenses, under Flag-Officer Randolph, C. S. N. Trans-Mississippi Marine Department, under Major Leon Smith, C. S. A. West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Commodore Bell, U. 5- N. (ad interim), 1861. West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Farragut, U. S. N., 1864. Mobile Defenses, under Admiral Buchanan, C. S. N. West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Commodore Palmer, U. S. N., 1864-1865. West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Acting Rear-Admiral Thatcher, U. S. N., 1865. * Mobile Defenses, under Flag-Officer Farrand, C. S. N. 7. Operations on the Western Rivers, 18611865. Naval Forces on Western Waters, under Commander Rodgers, U. S. N., 1861. Naval Forces on Western Waters, under Flag-Officer Foote, U. S. N., 1861-1862. Mississippi River Defenses, under Flag-Officer Rollins, C. S. N. Naval Forces on Western Waters, under Flag.Officer Davis, U. S. N., 1862. * Mississippi River Defense Fleet, under Captain Montgomery, C. S. A. * Mississippi River Defenses, under Commander R. F. Pinkney, C. S. N. *Mississippi River Defenses, under Flag-Officer Lynch, C. S. N. Mississippi Squadron, under Rear-Admiral Porter, U. S. N., 18621864. Mississippi Squadron, nuder Acting Rear-Admiral Lee, U. S. N, 1864-1865. * Naval Defenses of Red River, Louisiana, under Lieutenant J. H. Carter, C. S. N. * The Confederate material under this head is very scant. It is therefore hoped that those who have any Confederate naval documents upon the subject will communicate with the Office of Naval War Records, Navy Department, Washington, D. C Special Index Page R015 LIST OF UNITED STATES VES.SELS OF WAR SERVING IN THE HOME SQUADRON AND POTOMAC FLOTILLA DURING THE PERIOD COVERED BY THIS VOLUME. NAME. Alleghany Anacostia Bailey Baltimore Brooklyn Ceres Cceurde Lion Constitution Crusader Cumberland Dawn E. B. Hale E. H. Herbert Edwin Forrest Flag Forward -- General Putnam Harriet Lane Howell Cobb RATE. Fourth Fourth Fourth ... Second ... Fourth ... Fourth ... Second Fourth Second Fourth Fourth ... Third Fourth ... Third Huntsville Third Ice Boata Island Belle Fourth Jacob Bell Fourth Key8tone State Third Macedonian Second Massachusetts . Second Merrimack First Mohawk Fourth Montgomery . Third Monticello Fourth Mount Vernon Fourth Mount Vernon b Fourth Niagara First Pawnee Second ... Penguin Fourth Perry Fourth Philadelphia Fourth Pocahontas Third Powbatan First Powhatan c Fourth ... Quaker City Second ... R. B. Forbes Fourth R. R. Cuyler Third Reliance Fourth ... Resolute Fourth ... Rescue Fourth ..; Fourth TONNAGE. CLASS. 989 Screw steamer 217 .... .do Coast Survey schooner 500 Side.wheel steamer 2, 070 Screw steamer. 150 Side-wheel steamer 110 do 1, 576 Sailing frigate 545 Screw steamer 1, 726 Sailing sloop 399 Screw steamer 220 Screw sloop Chartered tug do 938 Screw steamer Revenue cutter 123 Side.wheel steamer 619 do 840 Screw steamer Philadelphia ice boat 121 Side-wheel steamer 229 Side.wheel tug 1, 364 Side.wheel steamer 1, 341 Sailiug sloop 1, 155 Screw steamer l~ 200 Screw frigate 464 Screw steamer 787 do 655 do 625 do 500 Side.wheel 4, 582 Screw steamer 1, 289 Screw sloop 189 Screw steamer 270 Sailing brig 500 Side.wheel steamer 694 Screw steamer 2, 415 Side.wheel steamer 500 do 1,428 do 329 Screw steamer 1,200 do 90 do 90 Tug 111 do. a Kuown also as Release and Refrigerator. b Name changed to Mount Washington. c Name changed to King Philip. CEEw. GUNS. 30 67 12 18 381 39 29 62 81 288 14 46 116 17 6 2 1 24 2 3 16 5 24 2 4 7 2 5 3 2 2 2 6 22 5 92 7 5 5 3 1 12 8 5 7 6 11 1 4 2 10 2 2 2 52 50 24 49 133 280 112 480 78 66 96 50 40 387 94 69 77 24 95 217 14 129 52 134 17 16 20 X Page R016 XVI UNITED STATES VESSELS OF WAR. L& 8t of United State8 Ve88el8 of war serving in the Home Squadron and Potomac Flotilla, etc.Continued. NAME. Sabine St. Louis Satellite Savannah Seminole South Carolina Stepping Stones Supply Thomas Freeborn Tigress Underwriter Union Valley City Water Witch Wyandotte Yankee Young America RATE. Second ... Third Fourth . - - Second ... Third Third..... Fourth Fourth ... Fourth . . - Fourth Third Fourth - -. Fourth ... Fourth Fourth - - - Fourth TONNAGE. CLASS. 1, 726 Sailing frigate 700 Sailing sloop 194 Tug 1,708 Screw sloop 801 do 1,150 Screw steamer 226 Side-wheel steamer 547 Store vessel 269 Side-wheel steamer Chartered tug 341 Side-wheel steamer 1,114 Screw steamer 190 do 378 Side-wheel steamer 464 Screw steamer 328 Side-wheel steamer 171 Tug CREW. GUNS. 175 118 43 264 120 115 21 171 67 12 75 48 56 71 48 13 49 18 2 26 5 5 1 4 2 4 4 4 3 S 2 Page R017 C~ Ci2 C/~ CI~ Ick:~-~ 10 C~ O~: ~-~~---1 ~ ~O~-~N---1 ~ -J0C~0 ~ - K ____ __ _______ __ I -~ ~ _________ _____ :o~o C~L~ ~ Z C~ I~ ~- 0C~0C~ ~ ______ ___ ~--]oC~ ~ 0C~ L~ ~ ~ ~ _____ C.)~QO~-~~ ___ ______ ____ _ 0 __________ ~C~I~C~ ~ ~ ip _______________ 0C~ ~ Z _______ ___ -~o~: ___ ___ ___ ___ _ EU ______ H -__ ___ ___ CL 0) LI H _____ __ ~ Z I ~ U CL ________________ ____________ d I ~ ~ ~ ~ Z _ ~ :-~-~ I ~ ~ ~ I __ ~-~-~2I ~ Page R018 Page A001 UNITED STATES STEAMER BROOKLYN Page A002 Page 1 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. NOVEMBER 15, 1860, TO JUNE 7, 1861. N W RYOL 4 Page 2 Page 3 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. NOVEMBER 15, 1860, TO JUNE 7, 1861. Report of Lieutenant Graven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. AS5. S. Mohawk, transmitting correspondence regarding measures of protection for Forts Taylor and Jefferson, Fla. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Key West, November 15, 1860. SIR: I have the honor to enclose to you a copy of a letter I have received from Captain M. C. Meigs, U. S. Engineers. Believing that in the present deplorable condition of affairs in the Southern States the interests of the General Government will be best subserved by taking such measures as will prevent the possibility of the seizure of these strongholds by any band of lawless men, I consider it my duty to guard against that contingency. I will therefore sail to-morrow for the Tortugas, and have advised Lieutenant Commanding Stanly to guard this place. I enclose you a copy of my letter to Lieutenant Commanding Staniy. I need not say to you, sir, that I have adopted this measure only from calm and mature deliberation, and with great hope that my fears may not be realized, but that our country may yet recover from the agitation which seems disturbing it to its center. I can assure you that I will proceed with the utmost circumspection, and in such a way as can not give offense nor provoke cavil. Will you be pleased to furnish me with instructions for my future guidance under this unforeseen and melancholy state of affairs? Very respectfnlly, your obedient servant, T. AUGS. CRAVEN, Hon. ISAAC ToucEY, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy. - [Endorsement.] The Department does not, from any information in its possession, deem it necessary that you should remain at the Tortugas to guard Fort Jefferson you will therefore proceed to your cruising ground. [Enclosures.] KEY WEST, FLA., November 15, 1860. SIR: The news received by the steamer Isabel last night indicates such a state of excitement among a portion of the people of the United States that it appears to me proper that some precautions should be taken to prevent an attempt by some small expedition to seize upon Fort Taylor or Fort Jefferson. The first contains, I understand, a considerable supply of ammuni- tion and some guns. Fort Jefferson at the Tortugas, is without guns or ammunition. 3 Page 4 4 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. I look for no expedition authorized by the constituted authorities of any State, but any small party of men anxious to embroil time different sections of the Union might find a tempting bait in either ot these important fortresses. I addressed to day a note to Captain J. M. Brannan, of the First Artillery, who, with only eighteen men fit for duty, is stationed at the Key West barracks, calling his attentiou to this subject, and J beg leave respectfully to suggest to you the propriety of so disposing of the naval forces under your command as, while exciting the least attention, to make the success of any such exl)e(lition impossible. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGs, Captain of Engineers, in charge of Ebrt Jefferson. Commander T. A. CRAVEN, Commanding Naval Forces at Key West. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Key West, November 16, 1860. SIR: By an official communication from Captain Meigs, U. S. Engi- neers, my attention i~ called to the nnprotected condition of Fort Tay- lor, which commands this harbor. I enclose you a copy of the letter of Captain Meigs. Whatever be the result of time issue now raised against the General Government by the people of a fhw Southern States, the importance of the posts at this l)lace and the Tortngas call not be overestima& d, com- manding as they do the comimmerce of the Gulf of Mexico. I there fore deem it my duty to advise you to nse the vessel under your com- umand for the defense of Fort Taylor, while the ]liliohawk will hold the Tortn gas. It is not necessary to advise an officer of your (liscretion of the extreme delicacy of the positions ocenpied here by the officers of the United States. We must beware of giving any offense by which to l)erplex the questions at issue, while at the same time we must firnily (liseharge our duties under the laws of the United States. Fervently trusting that the w ounds of our country may yet be healed, I am, iespectfully, your obedient servant, T. Aucs. CRAVEN, Lieutenant, Commanding. Lieutenant Commanding F. STANLY, Commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte.~. Order of Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Commander Hazard, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Poca- hontas. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off T7era Cruz, November 25, 1860. SIR: You will please make a requisition for coal sufficient to fill your vessel; also keep the water of the Pocahontas filled up, ready for sea at short notice. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag. Officer. Commander HAZARD, Commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas, Iiiome Squadron Page 5 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 5 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Nary, commanding Home Squadron, regarding U. S. sloop St. Louis. NAVY DEPARTMENT, December 24, 1860. SIR: As the cruise of the sloop of war St. Louis has nearly expired, you will on the receipt hereof direct her to proceed to Pensacola., Fla., and there await the further orders of the Department. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Pensacola. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 3, 1861. SIR: Be vigilant to protect the public property. The commanding officer at Fort Barrancas has been instructed to consult with you, and you will cooperate with him. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY. Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commanding Navy Yard, Warrington, lila. [Endorsement.] Receipt acknowledged on the 9th of January, 1861. J. A[RMSTRONG]. T~eport of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, of departure of U. S. S. Crusader. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, lVarrinyton, lila., January 3, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the departure from this station last evening of the U. S. S. Crusader, under the command of Lieutenant John IN. Maffitt. I have the honor to be, v cry respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Colonel Commandant U. S. Miarine Corps, transmitting corre- spondence regarding rations for Warrington navy yard. HEADQUARTERS MARINE Cours, Washington, January 5, 1860 [1861]. SIR: I enclose to the Department a copy of a letter from the Quar- termaster, enclosing copies of two notes from Warrington, Fla., to w ii ich I respectfully recommend Pu mediate attention. I am, sir, very respectfully, yours, JNO. IIAHRIS, Colonel Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy Page 6 6 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Enclosure.] IIEADQUARTEIiS MARINE CORPS, Quartermasters Office, Washington, January 5, 1861. SIR: I enclose herewith a copy of a note this day received from Cap- tain J. Watson, commanding marines at Warringtou, Fla., and ~tlso copy of a note addressed by C. P. Knapp, contractor for rations for iSGi, to Captain Watson. I deem this matter of sufficient importance to call the immediate attention of the commandant of the Corps to it. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. SLACK, Quartermaster Marine Corps. Colonel JOHN HARRIS, Commandant Marine Corps, Headquarters. [Subenclosures.] MARINE BARRACKS, Warrinyton, Fla., December 31, [1860.] DEAR SLACK: I send you a note that I received this morning from Mr. Knapp, the ration contractor. You will oblige me with your advice. We can not get anything on credit; cash on delivery. The Government credit is very low on this point. Should you direct me to purchase, send the coin. Yours, truly, J. WATSON. Major WA. B. SLACK, Quartermaster Marine Corps, Washington. PENSACOLA, December 29, 1860. DEAR SIR: I will furnish rations nuder my contract [for] 1861 till I give you notice. Yours, most respectfully, etc., C. P. KNAPP, Per IRA SMITH. Captain WATSON, Commanding U. S. Marine Barracks, Washington. P. 5.My object in addressing as above is this, that if Florida goes out of the Union I will not furnish afterwards. Yours, etc., ~. P. KNAPP, Per IRA SMITH. [Endorsement.] Answer that if the contractors refuse to supply he will make appli- cation to the commandant of the yard for the navy rations, which will be issued to them and paid for from the appropriation for provisions for the Marine Corps. [Telegram in cipher.] Confidential.] KAVY DEPARTMENT, January 5, 1861. Proceed immediately with the ][facedonian to Warrington [Fla.] and report to commandant navy yard for ])rotectioll of public property. I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Captain JAMES GLYNN, Commanding U. S. Ski1) ilfacedonian, Portsmouth, N. H Page 7 OPERATIONS IN THE GUI.1F OF MEXICO. 7 [Telegram in cipher.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 5, 1861. Proceed immediately to Garden Key and cooperate with commanding officer to protect public property and prevent anyone from landing improperly. On arrival of troops detailed for that post return to pres- ent port. 1. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Lieutenant J. N. MAFFJTT, Commanding U. S. S. Crusader, Pensacola, Eta. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Pensa- cola, regarding cooperation. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 5, 1861. SIR: Upon the receipt of this you will direct Lieutenant Maffitt to proceed immediately with the Crusader to the Tortugas to cooperate with tile commanding officer of the works to protect the public prop- erty and to prevent the landing of any improper persons. You will direct Lieutenant Maffitt to return to Pensacola when the troops detailed for Fort Jefferson shall have arrived there. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY. Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant Navy Yard, Warrington, Fla. [NOTE.This letter did not reach its destination, the officer to whom it was intrusted having failed to deliver it.] [Telegram.] PORTSMOUTH [N. II.], January 7, 1861. Your telegram is received and believed to be understood correctly. J. GLYNN, Captain. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary ?& tvy. Report of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, regarding measures for the relief of the employ6s of that yard. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, Eta., January 8, 1861. SIR: With extreme regret I find myself compelled to represent to the Department the suffering condition of many of the mechanics and laborers employed in this navy yard, in consequence of the nonpay- ment of the wages due them since the 1st of November last, the pay- master not having funds to pay the rolls. Numerous appeals have been made to me for interposition and aid, which I can not afford. I enclose herewith a copy of a letter addressed to the executive officer of the yard by a worthy ship carpenter, showing the distress in whic Page 8 8 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. his family is involved; and this is but one of many cases of suffer- Pig, some of ~vhich are greater than his. He desires that in the absence of money provisions may be issued from the naval store, and in order to relieve the suffering as far as practicable, I very earnestly solicit that authority may be given me to cause supplies to be furnished from that source to those persons to whom pay for labor is due, the cost thereof to be charged to their respective accounts. Trusting that a favorable response will be given to this application, and that the same will be sent by telegraph, 1 have the honor to be, very respectful y, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONQ Commandant. Hon. IsAAC TOUCEY, & cretary of the Navy, Washington, D. (1. [Enclosure.] WARRIN~TON [FLA.], January 8, 1861. SIR: Having a large family to support, consisting of my wife and seven children, and having been discharged from my employment in the yard, as you are already aware, I am necessarily compelled to seek eml)loyment elsewhere yet I leave I am anxious to see my before wife and little ones l)laced beyond the reach of immediate want, and as it took all I could earn heretofore to live from one pay (lay to another, we are now placed in a rather straitened situation. I would there- fore respectfully solicit your kind interference oim my behalf to enable me to get the amount due to me by the U. S. Government for labor per- formed iii the navy yard, or an equivalemit in provisions; and I will, as in duty bound, ever pray for your welfare. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. A. WILLIAMS. Captaiim E. FARRAND, Executire Officer, Pensacola Naval A3tation. Report of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, transmitting resolutions of employ6s of that yard regarding measures of relief. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrinyton, Fla., Jan~iary 9, 1861. SIR: I had the honor yesterday to address the Department in rela- tioim to the state of want aiid suffering to which the employ~s of this navy yard ate reduced in consequence of their failure to receive time pay (lute theiti for services rendered since the 1st of November, 1860, and to request your authority to relieve the smiffering by the issue of ploVi5iOlIs from the naval store. I have now to beg leave to submit to yonr consideration the enclosed copy of a report of the proceedimigs of a meeting held iii Warrington last evenimmg by the persons interested, an(l I earnestly reiterate the application contained in my letter of yes- terday for authority to afford the relief solicited. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obediemmt servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Gommandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, & cretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 9 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 9 [Enclosure.] Proceedings of a meeting of the encploy~s of the Warrington navy yard, held at Masonic Hall on the evening of January 8, 1861, of which Mr. W. J. Fell was chairman and LV. U. Barth secretary. On motion, duly made and seconded, it was unanimously Resolced, first, That a committee be appointed to wait on Commodore James Armstrong, commanding this navy yard and station, and request him, in view ot the great distress existing among the mechanics and others employed in the navy yard in conscjuence of the delay of pay- ment by the U. S. Government, to authorize an issue of provisions from the navy store to those who are in want, such issue to be deducted from the amounts due them respectively on the navy yard pay rolls for the months of November and December, 18 0. Resoleed. second, That one member of the aforesaid committee be appointed from eaeh of the trades working in the yard. Resolred,third, That the committee be constituted as follows: John L. Porter, esq., naval constructor; Mr. James H. Doyle, Major W. Morrill, Mr. J. G. Fell, Mr. Thomas Ballew, Mr. Parrish, Mr. W. J. Fell, Mr. W. INix, Mr. A. G. Middleton, Mr. John Gahlager, Mr. J. Longley; said committee being requested to wait on Commodore Armstrong at 10 oclock to-morrow morning and to report to this meeting at 7 oclock in the evening of the same day. Resolved, fourth, That this meeting do now adjourn, to meet again in this place at 7 oclock to-niorrow evening. WILLIAM J. FELL, Chairman. W. G. BARTH, Secretary. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, January 9, 1861. Mechanics and laborers on default of pay much distressed. Appeal for relief of issue of provisions from naval store. Will 1)epartmnent anthorize by telegraph such course~ Is Lieutenant Striblings resig- Ilation accepted 0? Respectfully, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flay- Officer Penderyrast, U. S. Yavy, commanding Home Squadron. NAVY DEPART1VJENT, January 9, 1861. SIR: Direct Capt. TI. A. Adams to proceed with the U. S. frigate Sabine under his command to Pensacola, and there await the further orders of the Department. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST Commanding Home Squadron, Vera Cruz, Mexico Page 10 10 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Lieutenant Maffitt, U. S. Navy, commanding U. & S. Crusader. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Off havana, January 9, 1861. Sin: I report my return to the north coast of Cuba. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. N. MAFFITT, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, regarding U. S. S. Wyandotte. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, If la., January 9, 1861. Sin: The U. S. S. Wyandotte being deficient in her complement of officers, I have ordered Lieutenant John Irwin to report for temporary duty on board that vessel. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 10, 1861. Proceed to sea immediately, touching at Tortugas. I. TOUCEY, Secretary Navy. Captain JAMES GLYNN, Commanding U. S. Ship Macedonian, Portsmouth, N. H. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 10, 1861. Provisions may be issued to mechanics and laborers at cost price, not to exceed amount of wages dne them. Lieutenant Striblings resigna- tion accepted by telegraph. Where has Lieutenant Maffitt gone ~ I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant Navy Yard, Pensacola. Report of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, regarding cooperation with commanding officer at Fort Barrancas. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, Fla., January 10, 1861. Sin: I have the honor to report to the Department that, in obedience to your order coutained in your letter of the 3d instant, I have cooper Page 11 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 11 ated with the commanding officer at Fort Barrancas to the extent which the means at my command afford. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, iVashington, D. C. Order of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, to Commander Walke, U. S. Na cy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, regarding provisions for Fort Pickens. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD Warrington, January 10, 1861. SIR: You will be pleased to proceed with the U. S. storeship Supply to Fort Pickeus, and to furnish the commanding officer of that fort such quantities of the provisions on board the ship as he may require for the subsistence of the men in the fort, taking his receipt iu duplicate for the articles so furnished. After having performed this duty you will return with the ship to the anchorage off this navy yard, and com- plete the loading of her cargo with all possible dispatch. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Commander HENRY WALKE, Commanding U. S. Storeship Supply, Pensacola Bay. Report ~f Commander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, regarding supply of provisions for Port Pickens. U. S. STORESHIP SUPPLY, Off Fort Pickens, Pensacola Bay, January 10, 1861. SIR: In acknowledging the receipt of your instructions of this date I would respectfully inform you that the commanding officer at Fort Pic kens is not ready to take the provisions referred to at present, and requests all the assistance I can give him at my command. I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, II. WALKE, Flag--Officer JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commander, U. S. Navy~ Commanding Navy Yard, Pensacola. instructions of commandant navy yard, Pensacola, to Paymaster Yar- rington, U. S. Navy, regarding measures of relief for employ6s oj that yard. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, January 10, 1861. SIR: You will make requisitions on the naval storekeeper for such articles of provisions on hand as are sufficient to supply the immediate necessities of such of the einploy~s of the navy yard as are suffering for the want of food in conseqnence of their failure to receive payment for their services during more than two months past. Yom.i will issu Page 12 [2 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. the provisions thus drawn to such of the various persons whose names are on the yard rolls, and to whom pay for services rendered is due, as may desire them, to the extent of one-fourth of a barrel of pork or beet; one-fourth of a barrel of flour, 1 barrel of bread, 20 pounds of sugar, 20 pounds of rice, 20 pounds of coffee, 20 pounds of butter to each to whom the cost is due, charging the same at the invoice prices to the respective persons supplied, and deducting tbe cost from the amount of pay due them. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Paymaster L. WARRING-TON, U. & Navy Yard at Warringlon. Order of the commandant navy yard, Pensacola, to Commander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, regarding supplies for Fort Pickens. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, January 11, 1861. SIR: You will land with all possible dispatch the provisions that have been require(l by the commanding officer at Fort Pickens for the subsistence of the men in the fort; and after having done so, and taken receipts in duplicate for all the articles delivered, you will return forth- with in the ship to the anchorage off this navy yard. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Commander HENRY WALKE, Comdg. U. S. Storeship Supply, off Fort Pickcns, Pensacola Bay. Letter from Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Picicens, to commandant navy yard, Pensacola, regarding the necessity of cooper- ation for the protection of that harbor. FORT PICKENS, PENSACOLA HARBoR, January 11, 1861. SIR: I understand that it is your intention to withdraw from, this fort the protection of the U. S. S. Wyandotte and the storeship Supply, contrary to the agreement between you and myself day before yesterday. 1 had the honor to state, as I did to you in the presence of several officers at our last interview, that without the aid of these vessels it will be utterly impossible, in my opinion, for me to protect this harbor, and I shall therefore, in case this assistance is withdrawn, instantly relinquish all hopes of defending the place, and report the state of affairs imumedi- ately by a messenger to Washington. I most respectfully request an immediate answer as to whether the assistance above referred to is to be withdrawn or not. By order of A. J. Slemmer, first lieutenant, First Artillery, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens: I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. GILMAN, Second Lieutenant, First Artillery, Acting Adjutant of the Post. Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, U. S. Navy Page 13 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 13 Letter from commandant navy yard, Pensacola, to Lieutenant Stemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Port Pickens, explaining withdrawal of U. S. ship Supply. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PE~sA~OLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, January 11, 1861. SIR: In reply to your communication of this date I have to state that the 111. 5. storeship AS apply was sent to Fort Pickens by my order merely to convey the provisions you required and then to return to this navy yard. The Supply is not a vessel of war, and having been sent to this station for the special service of conveying stres and coal to Vera Cruz for the vessels of the Home Squadron stationed there, it is my duty to dispatch her to that port at the earliest moment ])racticable, in con- formity with the orders I have received from the Navy Department, from which orders I can not deviate further. The steamer Wyandotte may be retained for the purpose of cooperating with you until farther orders. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Lieutenant A. J. SLEMMER, U. S. Army, Commanding at Port Pickens, Eta. Order of commandant navy yard Pensacola, to Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, to assist in delivery of provisions from U. S. ship Supply. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, January 11, 1861. SIR: You will proceed immediately with the steamer Wqandottc and render to the commanding officer of the storeship Supply aid and assist- ance in the delivery with all possible dispatch at Fort Pickens of provisions which he has been ordered to land there,and when the deliveries shall have been made and the proper receipts obtained you will take the Supply in tow to the anchorage opposite the principal wharf of this navy yard without delay. Jam, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Ccnnmandant. Lieutenant Commanding 0. II. BERRYMAN, Commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, Pensacola Bay. [Telegram.] PORTSMOUTH, [N. 11.1 January 11, 1861. Your order of yesterday is understood. The ship is now waiting for the funds required. J. GLYNN. ISAAC TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy. Page 14 14 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 11, 1861. Your telegram of 11th received. Go to sea immediately without waiting for funds. I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Captain JAMES GLYNN, Commanding U. S. Ship Macedonian, Portsmouth, N. 11. [Telegram.] PoRTSMOUTH, January 12, 1861. Your telegram of yesterday is received. ]lliacedonian goes to sea to- morrow early, if the pilot will take her. J. GLYNN, Captain. ISAAC TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 12, 1861. Proceed to sea to-day. ~. TOUCEX~, Secretary Nary. Captain JAMES GLYNN, Commanding U. S. Ship Macedonian, Portsmouth, N. H. Order of commandant nary yard, Pensacola, to Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, regarding cooperation with Fort Pickens. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, January 12, 1861. SIR: You will continue to cooperate with the commanding officer at Fort Pickens, but should an attack be made you will not fire a gan unless it may be actually necessary in defense of the vessel under your command. In the event of the capture of the fort you will proceed immediately to the station to which you have been ordered by the Navy Department. It is reported that this yard is surrounded by armed men. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS~ ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Lieutenant Commanding 0. II. BERRYMAN, Commanding U. S. ~. Wyandotte, Pensacola Bay, Florida. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, January 12,1861. Departure of Lieutenant Maffitt in the Crusader reported on the 2d [3d] instant. Not informed of his movements after that date. Respectfully, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant. lou. ISAAC TOUCEY, Washington, D. C Page 14A UNITED STATES SHIP MACEDONIAN Page 14B Page 15 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 15 [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 12, 1861. On receipt of this return to Pensacola without a moments delay. I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Lieutenant J. N. MAPFITT, Commanding U. S. S. Crusader, New Orleans. Letter from Flag- Officer Penderyrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to commanding officers of vessels under his command, request- ing ii~formation regarding small boats. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrnftcios, January 12, 1861. SIR: You will please send me a list of your boats when armed, and inform me of the number of officers and men in each composing the crew, exclusive of marines; also the name of the boat and the number of men she will contain for landing; also description of arms for each boat, and a list of articles for each boat, in accordance with the Ord- nance I3ook of Instructions; also your boat signals, if you have any. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Rome Squadron. Captain MERCEE, Powhatan. Captain ADAMS, Sabine. Captain MARSTON, Cam berland. Commander POOR, St. Louis. Commander HAZARD, Pocahontas. Order of the commandant navy yard, Pensacola, to Commander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, in case of attack upon that yard. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, January 12,1861 SIR: II am informed that the navy yard is surrounded by armed men. Should an attack be made you will proceed immediately to Vera Cruz with the stores and coal you have now on board. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Commander HENRY WALKE, Commanding U. S. Storeship Supply, off Port Pickens, Pensacola Bay, Pla Page 16 16 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Surrender of the Pensacola Navy Yard, January 12, 1861. Report of Captain Armstrong, U. S. Navy, late commanding navy yard, Pensacola, Fla. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, January 12, 1861. Commissioners appointed by the governor of Florida, with a regiment of armed men at the gate, demanded the surrender of this navy yard, having previously taken possession of the magazines. I surrendered the place and struck my flag at half past 1 oclock p. In. this day. The storeship Supply sailed for Vera Cruz [Mexico] the moment the yard flag was lowered. Respectfully, JAMES ARMSTRoNG, Captain, U. S. Navy, late Commandant Navy Yard, Warrin~qton, Fla. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Captain Armstrong, U. S. Navy, late commanding navy yard, Pensacola, Fla. WASHING-ToN, D. C., January 25, 1861. SIR: On the 12th instant I telegraphed you from Pensacola that the navy yard near that place had been surrendered by myself oii the demand of authorized commissioners of the State of Florida, counte- nanced and supported by a superior force of State troops, aided by reenforcemeuts from an adjoining State. In order to exonerate myself from even the suspicion of a failure to exercise the utmost vigilance, I have the honor to call your attention to the appended correspondence,* which took place between others and myself the result of your order issued to me on the 3d instant. This order was received on the 9th, and simply directed me to be vigilant to l)rotect the public property, further informing inc that the comman(hing officer of Fort Barrancas had been instructed to consult with me, and that I should cooperate with him. I endeavored to perform my duty in these particulars, and every precaution that could be taken in guarding and protecting a property so defenseless and ill supl)lied with men and arms was at once adopted. Not for a lnoment was my watchfulness relaxed, nor did I hesitate to cooperate to the extent of my instructions with the commanding officer at Fort l3arrancas. I had no specific instructions to guide me. I was uot~advised of the intended policy of the Government in dealing with these troubles, and wholly destitute of the necessary means for coping with so superior a force, I was left to the conclusions of my own judgment. As already stated, the yard was surrendered Oil the 12th instant. On the morning of that day I was apprised by an officer of the yard that a formidable military force had invested the east gate, having on their way already possessed themselves of the magazine. Circumstanced as I was, resist- ance was worse than a desperate venture. My first act was to secure the signal books and destroy them. This eftected, I was confronted by the States commissioners, who demanded the surrender of the navy yard. My position was a most painful one. With but twenty-three marines on duty and a mechanical force disaffected and sympathizing with the revolutionists, what show of resistance could I have made, See preceding pages Page 17 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 17 opposed as I was by five or six hundred well-armed and picked troops? The defenseless condition of the yard rendered it an easy prey, and the utmost vigilance could not have averted the attack. Besides, I had no instructions to guide me in dealing with this serious movement, iiivolv- ing the most fearful consequences. And could I dare assume so grave a responsibility as striking a blow, useless in practical results, and a signal for inaugurating all the dread horrors of a civil war? My impression was that conciliation and a forbearing treatment was the policy, apparently, of the Government, and so impressed I pursued that course which, in view of my defenseless state, received the sanc- tion of my judgment. Resistance would have availed nothing, but, increasing the already feverish irritation of feeling, led to acts of merci- less slaughter and d estruction, complicating these unfortunate diffi- culties; all this without one desired result or hoped-for success to my Government being attained. Had I been directed to defend my position at every hazard and under all circumstances, I and the little band of brave hearts under my command would have freely sacrifiQed our lives in obedience to superior authority. I have never yet sought to evade any duty, never disobeyed an order, or been found wanting in loyalty to my Government and its flag. I may have erred, my judgment may have been at fault, but my conscience acquits me of either perpetrated or intended faithlessness to my country. I harbored no sympathy with the views and objects of the revolutionists, but sought alone to do my duty faithfully and efficiently until overpowered by a force I had no means of repelling. Had my loyalty to the Federal Government been at all questionable it would have yielded to the tempting and seductive over- tures made to me after the capitulation to enter the naval service of the seceding States. I refused to entertain such a proposition, and at once and peremptorily rejected every offer. My allegiance and duty to the Federal Government were explicitly announced with the expressed determination to die as I had lived, under the Stars and Stripes of my country. It may not be inappropriate, in submitting this statement and accom- panying papers, to refer to my service. For a half century on land and sea I have served my country. Twenty-three years of this time have been spent afloat, and whether ashore or afloat I have always striven to perform my duties acceptably and faithfully. And now, when my life is fast drawing to a close, I have increased motives for avoiding everything calculated to imperil my hard-earned reputation, and can but feel acutely any imputation on the part of my fellow-citizens questioning my fidelity to a Government I revere and love, and my devotion to a flag I have ever been proud to serve under. In conclusion permit me most respectfully to ask your consideration of the accompanying correspondence. I now await your further orders. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Hon. ISAAC ToucEy, Captain, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosures.] This is to certify that Commodore James Armstrong, of the 1ff. S. Navy, surrendered the command and relinquished the possession of the navy yard at Warrington, Fla., on the 12th day of January, 1861, under the following circumstances and upon the following terms of NWRV0L4 Page 18 18 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. capitulation, to wit: A commission under authority of the governor of Florida, accompanied by an armed force very much superior in num- bers and equipmeiits to that under his command, the latter not being sufficient to enable him to defend the place, demanded its immediate sur- render, with all the public property therein, which demand was acceded to with the understanding that he (the commandant) and all the offi- cers and other citizens of the United States attached to the station who desire to move therefrom shall be freely permitted to do so, and to remove their families and all their private property at any time, or to remain on parole of honor. In witness whereof we, the commissioners and the commandant above referred to, have hereunto set our hands this 12th day of Jaii- nary, 1861. V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain. Navy Yard, RICHARD L. CAMPBELL, Commissioners. JAS. ARMSTRONG, Captain, U. S. Navy. PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 14, 1861. Commodore James Armstrong, of the U. S. Navy, has placed in my possession two packages, which were this day handed to him in my presence, sealed, by Lieutenant J. S. Saunders, of the U. S. Army. Commodore Armstrong delivered the papers to me, as he is regarded [as] a prisoner of war, and has been placed on his parole of honor. V. M. RANDOLPh, Captain, Commanding Pensacola Navy Yard. Witness: J. S. GONZALES, Lieutenant, Pensacola C. [?j Troops. PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 16, 1861. Commodore James Armstrong, of the U. S. iNavy, having given his parole of honor not to bear arms against the State of Florida, has per. mission to leave this place with his family and private property with- out hindrance or molestation. V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Commanding Navy Yard. Letter from Captain Armstrong, U. S. Navy, late commanding navy yard, Pensacola, Fla., to the Secretary ef the Navy, requesting court of enquiry. WASHINGTON, D. C., January 26, 1861. Sin: Having made my report to the 1)epartinent on the capture of the navy yard at Pensacola, late under my command, I now have to request that a court of enquiry may be instituted to enquire into all the facts and circumstances of said capture, with the opinion of the court. I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Captain, U. S. Navy. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy Page 19 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 19 Extracts from proceedings of a naval court of enquiry i~onvened at Washington City February 8, 1861, to enquire into the surrender of the U. 8. navy yard, etc near Pen Captain James Armstrong, U. S. Navy. ., sacola, Fla., by By virtue of the authority contaiued in the act of Congress for the better government of the Navy of the United States, approved April 23, 1800, I hereby appoint Captain George W. Storer president, Captains Elie A. F. Lavallette and Levin M. Powell members, and James M. Carlisle, esq., judge-advocate, of a naval court of enquiry which is ordered to convene in the city of Washington on Friday, the 8th instant, or as soon thereafter as practicable, for the purpose of enquir- ing into the circumstances connected with the surrender by Captain James Armstrong, of the Navy, on or about the 12th day of January, 1861, of his command and the public property under his charge at the navy yard near Pensacola, Fla. The court will report to this Depart- ment the testimony and evidence, the material facts which they deem to be established, and their opinion as to the propriety of the conduct of the said Captain Armstrong in the matter which is the subject of this enquiry. Given under my hand and the seal of the Navy Department of the United States this 2d day of February, A. D. 1861. [SEAL.] ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary oJ~ the Navy. Captain GEORGE W. STORER, U. S. Navy. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 6, 1861. SIR: A naval court of enquiry, of which you are appointed judge- advocate, has been ordered to convene in this city on Friday next, the 8th instant, on which day, should you accept this appointment, you will report in person to the president of the court. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, TOU(JEY, WILLIAM B. B. CROSS, E sq., [Secretary of the Navy.] Washington, D. C. lEudorsement.] Reported February 8, 1861. GEO. W. STORER, President of the Court. WASHINGTON CITY, February 8, 18G1lh 30 a. m. The court met pursuant to the foregoing orders. Present, Captain George W. Storer, Captain Elie A. F. Lavallette, Captain Levin M. Powell William B. B. Cross, esq., judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The judge-advocate, having read the orders convening the court, asked Captain Armstrong if he had any objection to any member named therein, to which he replied he had not. The court was then, in the presence of Captain Armstrong, duly sworn by the judge-advo- cate, and the judge-advocate was duly sworn by the presiding officer of the court. The privilege of introducing his counsel, P. Phillips, esq., was here asked by Captain James Armstrong, and the same was granted by the court. And then, at 12:30 oclock p. in., the court adjourned to meet at 10 oclock a. m. to-morrow Page 20 20 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. WASHINGTON CITY, February 9, iSGilO a. m. The court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The record of yesterdays proceedings was read over. The judge- advocate then read in evidence to the court the following documentary matter, being an official report,* with papers appended thereto, made by Captaiu James Armstrong to the Hon. I. Toucey, Secretary of the Navy. The report was admitted by Captain James Armstrong, in the presence of the court, to bear his signature, and to have been trans- mitted by him, with the copies of papers attached thereto, which copies he likewise admitted to be correct copies of genuine papers, to the Sec- retary of the Navy. At this point of the proceedings Captain Armstrong presented to the court the following objection in connection with the letter last read: I object to the paper purporting to be signed by V. M. Randolph on the 16th of January, 1861, as evidencing the truth of the fact therein stated, to wit: Commo- dore James Armstrong, of the U. S. Navy, having given his parole of honor not to bear arms against the State of Florida etc. This is not intended as a mere tech- nical objection; the allegation that any such parole was given is wholly untrue. This paper was handed to me while on board the steamer at Pensacola, bound for Mobile, and its terms were not discovered by me until some time after I had left Pensacola. This, it will be perceived, bears date four days after the capitulation, and by the terms of that capitulation no such condition is mentioned. JAMES ARMSTRONG. The judge-advocate stated that he had not felt at liberty, in offering the report of Captain Armstrong and the papers annexed, to discrun- mate. Such a course might have been attended with injustice to Cap- tain Armstrong. The paper referred to relates to a fact intimately connected with and a part of the subject-matter to be enquired into by this court, and, as affecting Captain Armstrongs conduct, is evidence of what is recited therein, it having been appended by Captain Arm- strong himself to his own report, and thereby made a part thereof, and submitted without explanation as a narrative of occarrences that transpired in connection with the surrender of the navy yard. If there be error or mistake therein, Captain Armstrong can be allowed to cor- rect the same by proof; or to explain it hereafter in his statement to the court; but the paper itself, being part of the official report, should be admitted with it as evidence for what it is worth. Captain Armstrong, with the permission of the court, objected fur. ther, as follows: The objection that what Randolph says in his paper of the l~lth as to my having given my parole of honor can not be received as evidence rests upon principles of law too plain and familiar to be denied. It is not denied that the fact is relevant to the enquiry before the court, but the fact must be proved according to the principles of law. Nor will it do to say we will admit the fact is proved by Randolph, and then, if untrue, Captain Armstrong can disprove it. Nor can it be properly said the paper can be admitted for what it is worth. The question whether or not the paper is evidence must be made when the paper is introduced. It is said that Captain Armstrong, having sent the paper to the Department with. out explanation, has thereby made it evidence against him. But this certainly can not for a moment be entertained as a just conclusion of law. The report of all the facts was made by him in his letter to the Secretary, and he deemed it proper, while fully vindicating and asserting the propriety of his action, in order to possess the Secretary with a full knowledge of the anomalous condition of affairs existing at Pensacola to send in all the papers and letters in his possession which could shed For Armstrongs report, with enclosures, see pp. 1618 Page 21 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OP MEXICO. 21 light upon the transaction. But surely in doing this he did not intend to vouch for the truth of aiiything except as to those transactions in which hc was himself concerned. JAMES ARMSTRONG. The judge-advocate asked leave to reply to the last objection of Cap- tain Armstrong, as the first one urged by him (Captain Armstrong) gave irregularly a statement of facts rather thaii legal objections to the admissibility of the evidence. The rule is, undoubtedly, as alluded to by Captain Armstrong, that what one person says can not be adduced in evidence against another. But one of the well-recognized exceptions is when a statement affecting a party is made by another person in his presence and hearing and is not denied or qualified by him. By failing to do either he may be taken to assent to its truth, and the effect of the proof is only to establish an admission coming from the person addressed. The present case is a strong illustration of the exception contended for; and Captain Armstrong, in receiving and transmitting this paper with his report as a part of the history of the surrender of his command, without correction or any allusion to its inaccuracy, must be taken to have endorsed its truth, subject to explanation, as before stated. The court was cleared for deliberation, and decided that the objection be not sustained. The court was reopened and the decision announced. LEWIs WARRINGTON, a witness called by the judge-advocate, was then duly sworn. By the JUDGE-ADYOCATE: Question. Were you on duty or present at the navy yard at Warring- ton, near Pensacola, on or about the 12th of January last~ If yea, in what capacity ~ Answer. I was there at that time on duty as paymaster of the yard. Question. Who was in command of said navy yard at the time re- ferred to~ Answer. Commodore James Armstrong. Question. State as concisely as you can, and in the order of their occurrence, the circumstances that immediately preceded and attended the surrender of the navy yard and public property at that point by Captain James Armstrong. Answer. The troops came down to the yard ahout 12 oclock on the day of the 12th of January. The two officers came into the yard and told the c6mmodore they wished the surrender of the yard. Commander Farrand went to the yard gate and came in with them. Beyond that I do not know what transpired, except that after- wards, when walking in front of the office of the paymaster, I heard Lieutenant Renshaw give an order to William Conway, seaman, to haul the flag down. Dont know hy whose direction same was given. The flag was on the staff near the center wharf. Conway was an American and alone. Shortly afterwards Commodore Arm- strong told me he had surrendered. Commander Farrand was then attached to the yard as executive officer. Question. What, if any, was the force, at the time of the surrender, under the command of Captain Armstrong ~ Answer. There were 260 menofficers and marinesunder his command in the yard and on shiphoard. In the yard there were 80 ordinary men, 40 marines, and 60 men, about, in each of the two vesselsthe Supply and Wyandotte. The Wyandotte is a steamer with four or six battery guns. The Supply is a storeship; had two guns used for signals. Lieutenant Berryman commanded the Wyandotte, Commander Walke the Supply Page 22 22 OPERATIONS IN THE GUIAF OF MEXICO. Question. What was the character of the force brought against the navy yard prior to its surrender by Captain Armstrong, as regards numbers, discipline, and equipments ~ Answer. There were about 600 or 800 men. They were armed with muskets; had no tieldpieceb. Cant speak as to discipline. They caine from Alabama, and a part, say about 100, from Florida. Question. What was the condition of Captain Arrnstrong~s command at the time referred to, as regards discipline, subordination, and general efficiency ~ Answer. The discipline and subordination was about the same that I have seen in other yards. There was no disaffection that I knew of. Question. When was it first known at the navy yard, or in the imme- diate vicinity thereof; that a hostile force was about to march, or had marched, against the yard to attack it ~ Answer. It was talked about a week before they took the yard that a force would leave for Pensacola to take the yard. Question. State whether any, and, if any, what, preparations were made by Captain Armstrong, or any one under his authority, for the defense of the yard and the public property thereat. Answer. I do not know of any. Qnestion. Were any such arrangements of a special character made, to yonr knowledge, from the 9th to the 12th of Jannary, inclusive~ Answer. There was not. Question. Describe briefly what facilities, if any, the navy yard offered for defense. Answer. There was none. The navy yard was enclosed by a brick wall about 2 feet high, except on the water front. The examination of this witness was here snspended, his testimony read over to him, and then, at 1 oclock p. in., the court adjourned, to meet again at 10 oclock on Monday, the 11th instant. WASHINGTON CITY, Monday, February 11, 186110 a. in. The court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The record of Saturdays proceedings was read ov~ and the exam- ination of LEWIS WARRINGTON, paymaster, thewitness under examina- tion when the court last adjonrned, was resumed. By the JIJDGE-ADYoCATE: Question. What were the usual approaches to the navy yard, and by what route did the Alabama and Florida troops approach, and could the same be commanded by the guns of the vessels from the bay~ Answer. The troops came by the route by the bay shore, crossing the bridge, the nsual road from Pensacola. I should not think it could be commanded by the guns of the vessels from the bay. Question. What disposition was made of the public property and accounts in yonr possession, and did you receive any command in rela- tion thereto; and if any, from whom, and what was it l Answer. I received no orders from anyone connected with the navy yard. A part of my accounts I have, and a part I have not. The property was all left there. Th Page 23 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. re~operty was taken possession of by Captain Randolph. There was no person to give me any receipt except for $700 or $800 given by Mr. Gonzales by order of Cap- taili Randolph. I do not now know ~vhere that is. By the COURT: Question. Was there a saluting battery at the yard ~ If so, what number of guns composed it ~ Answer. There was one, consisting of twenty-four guns. They were small guns, 9 or 12 pounders. Question. You have stated, in the answer to the question to describe what facilities were at the yard for defense, that you know of none. Do you not consider the Wyandotte and the AS1upply, in front of the yard, the saluting battery and the marines, seamen and crews of the vessels, composing 240 men, facilities which might have been made use of in the defense of the yard and the public property? Answer. No; I do not. They could be used, but were not enough, I think, to defend it. Question. Did you consider yourself a prisoner after the surrender? If so, how did you get a release~ Answer. I was told by Captain Randolph to consider myself a prisoner of war on parole. He sent me, when I left, a parole, which I now have. Witness produced the paper, which was as follows: PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 14, 1861. Paymaster L. Warrington, U. S. Navy, having given his parole of honor not to bear arms against the State of Florida, has permission to leave this naval station with his private property without hindrance or molestation. V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Commanding Navy Yard. The witness then added, I have no recollection of giving my paroie.~~ By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. In speaking of the force of the yard you say there were 40 marines, 80 ordinary men, and about 60 on each of the vessels, the & tpply and Wyandotte. Do you know that a day or two before the 12th some 30 of the ordinary men had been sent to Fort Pickens to strengthen that post? Answer. I do not know the fact of my own knowledge. I was ordered to send over small stores for about 30 men whom Commander Farrand said had gone to Fort Pickens. Question. You say it was talked about a week before the 12th that troops would be sent from Alabama to take the yard. Did you regard this as authentic information, or as mere idle rumor? Answer. I did not consider it anthentic information. I considered it mere idle rumor until about two days before they did come. Question. Have you any reason to know that Commodore Armstrong had any information which would authorize the belief on his part that the yard would be assailed prior to the day when the troops came? Answer. No, sir; I have none. Question. You were asked if any special arrangement was made by Commodore Armstrong for the defense of the yard and replied in the negative. Could any such have been effectively made by him? (The judge-advocate objected to this question as inviting an opinion rather than facts. The opinion of the witness objected to. The court decided that the witness must state the facts, if any, or condition of things, which precluded arrangements of the character referred to being made by Captain Armstrong for the defense of the yard. Page 24 24 OPERATIONS IN THE GULP OF MEXICO. Answer. It was not within my province to know about the (lefense. I can not state any facts or circumstances that would have prevented the defense of the yard. Question. Do you mean to be understood by anything you have said that Commodore Armstrong was derelict in his duty in guarding the public property, or that he had omitted to do anything which an officer in his position ought to have done ~ Answer. No; I do not. Question. Besides the 600 or 800 men who came to the yard, have you any reason to believe that there were other forces at Pensacola, and that the citizens themselves were in a state of revolt~ Answer. I have no reason to suppose the citizens were in revolt. I saw another company at Pensacola three or four days after the capture of the yard, but do not know that it was there at the time of the capture. Question. Where were the Supply and Wyandotte at the time of the surrender l Answer. I think they were lying off Fort Pickens. Question. Did not the ordinary men of the yard immediately after the surrender associate and sympathize with the capturing party l Answer. I do not know. Question. I ask the same question in reference to the other employ6s of the yard. Answer. I do not know. We, the officers, were not allowed to go out of the gate for two days. By the COURT: Qaestion. Were the ships, when at anchor off Fort Pickens, within signal distance from the yard ~ Answer. They were. The testimony of this witness taken to-day was then read over to him, and then, at 12:30 oclock p. in., the court adjourned to meet again at 10 oclock a. m. to-morrow. WASHINGTON CITY, February 12, 186110 a. m. The court met pursuant to adjournment. Present all the members; William B. B. Cross, the judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The record of Mondays proceedings was read over. JOSIAH WATSON called as a witness by the judge-advocate. By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you on duty or present at the navy yard near Pen- sacola on the 12th of January last ~ If so, in what capacity ~ Answer. I was on duty there on the 12th as captain of marines. Question. Who was in command of that navy yard at that time~ Answer. Commodore Armstrong. Question. State as concisely as you can, but in some detail the cir- cumstances, in the order of their occurrence, that immediately preceded and attended the surren(ler of the navy yard and the public property at that point by Captain Armstrong. Answer. About breakfast timeS or 9 oclockthe commodore sent for me, and the messenger who came for me told me that the commodore directed that all the marine Page 25 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 25 should be under arms and ready for immediate use and service. I got the men under arms, muskets and bayonets complete, and then went up to report to the commodore in person, leaving the men at the barracks. When I reached the commodores office he told me that he had heard a body of men were coming toward the yard; that ho did not know whether it was true or not, but that he wished me to be ready all day until further instructed. We had at that time a sergeant and a corporal and three privates stationed at the north gate, with instructions not to let any strangers come in unless passed in by an officer of the yard. That guard had been there with these orders ever since the Tuesday before; the 12th was Saturday. The large gate was kept closed and the small gate, or wicket gate, only was kept open. The north gate and wicket gate were one, and were on the north side of the yard, 50 yards from the beach. There was another gate on the west side. After seeing the commodore on Satnrday I returned to the barracks; and it might have been about 1 30 oclock the commodore sent for me again. I met him coming out of his gate. The commodore told me that he had surrendered, and asked me to go into Captain Farrands quarters with him, where the commissioners were. Arriving there I was introduced to the commissionersColonel Lomax, Captain Randolph, and Mr. Campbell, commissioners upon the part of Florida. Captain Randolph used to be in the Navy of the United States. Commodore Armstrong then handed over the key of the magazine to Colonel Lomax, the commanding officer of the attacking force. Colonel Lomax replied [that] he received the key in the name of the State of Florida and for the use of that State. Shortly afterwards Colonel Lomax came down and took possession of the marine barracks and all the public property. He came not with troops, but with his aids. I had my arms stacked. He told me he wanted to quarter 300 men in the bar- racks. I moved my men, 38 in number, into two rooms, and he occupied the rest of the barracks, except the house I occupied. We had on hand 100 muskets and 3,000 cartridges at the barracks; had furnished Lieutenant Slemmer a few days beforeI think the Friday beforewith 1,000 cartridges. By 2 oclock we were all prisoners in the barracks, and we were not allowed to go out or in without the permit of the captain of the company at the gate. He had sentries placed all around the barracks. Colonel Lomax gave me a receipt for all the public property delivered up. Question. Did you ever understand from Captain Armstrong prior to the surrender what would be his course if called on to give up his command and the public property ~ If yea, state what that was. Answer. I never did. The commodore had told me to be always ready, day and night, for any orders or any emergency that might happen. The usual guard at the north gate was one sentry. The addition was made by Captain Armstrong, as before stated. Question. What point on the road from Pensacola had the State troops reached before their approach was known to you at the yard ~ Answer. I was on duty at the barracks and did not see them approach. The first I knew of their coming was as I before stated. Question. Was it the duty of the guard at the gate to report the advance of any hostile force ~ If yea, to whom should the report have been made~ Answer. The orders to the guard at the gate were to give the alarm by firing a musket if at night, and sending a messenger, and if during the daTy by sending a messenger to the commandant of the yard, also to Commander Farrand and to the barracks. Question. Did you receive any report of the approach of the force by messengers ~ Answer. I did not. Question. What part did each of the other officers of the command take in the surrender of the yard~ Answer. I do not know. I was at the barracks until sent for by the commodore. It was reported to me by the corporal, officially, that Commander Farrand had passed in the commissioners at the gate. I did not see the flag hauled down. Question. State as accurately as you can what force Captain Arm- strong had under his command at the time of the surrender. Answer. The marine guard consisted of myself as captain of marines, 4 sergeants, 3 corporals, 1 fifer, and 29 privates; total, 38. Some of the marines had been sick Page 26 26 OPERATIONS TN THE GULF OF MEXICO bnI on the 12th they were all out and on duty. There were some ordinary men, but how many I cant say; we generally averaged about 40 to 50. The W!Iandotte and the Srpply were at Fort Pickens on the 12th. I think the crew of the Wyandotte was 60 and that of the Supply 35 men. Question. What cannon were at the yard available for defense, all(l what gulls were ou the vessels? Answer. There were several 01(1 guns, four of them from the Fultons battery, which was wrecked there. There was a saluting battery on the north beachabout twenty guns in allold guns that had been used a long while. I cant state the caliber; they were carronades; we had no fieldpieces. Question. What was the character of the force brought against the yard prior to the surrender thereof by Captain Armstrong as regards numbers, discipline, and equipments? Answer. There were about 650 men in all. They were uniformed companies. All well equipped with muskets and revolvers, except the cavalry, who had the usual arms. Three hundred went to the barracks and were quartered there; one company to the large guard room at the north gate; one company to the assistant surgeons house, and the balance, some three companies, went to the Barrancas barracks. One of these three was a horse company. There was one artillery company in the com- mand, but it had no field guns. Question. What was the condition of Commodore Armstrongs com- mand about the time of the surrender, as respects subordination; and was there any disaffection among men or officers that impaired the efficiency of his command? Answer. I will speak of the marine guard and say that it was well disciplined, and every man perfectly reliable for any duty he might have been called on to do. I know of no disaffection prevailing among the rest of the command. Question. When was it first known in the yard that a force had. marched, or was about to march, against the yard? Answer. I cant say. We had at times rumors, but I never knew when they arrived until as before stated. Question. Were any other arrangements than those you have already referred to made by Captain Armstrong for the defense of the yard; and if any, what were they? Answer. I do not know of any others. Question. By what route did the hostile force approach the yard, and could the vessels in the bay approach the same at any point near enough to command it with the guns? Answer. The troops came by the ordinary road from Pensacola, crossing two bridges to the north gate. Cant say how near thc vessels could come in, as the water is shallow. The draft of the vessels I do not know, but think it was about 12 or 15 feet. Question. Do you know of any acts of cooperation on the part of Captain Armstrong and his command with Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army? If so, state their character. Answer. None of my command were sent to Fort Pickens. I understood that on N\Tednesday night some thirty ordinary men were sent over in launches, but did not see them go. I missed some of the men from the yard afterwards. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. Had not the magazine been taken possession of prior to the meeting when you say the commodore gave up the key to the commissioners? Answer. I have no personal knowledge. I could only answer by hearsay Page 27 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 27 Question. Have you any reason to know that Commodore Armstrong had any reliable information that the yard would be assailed prior to the actual investment of it? Answer. No, sir; I have not. I do not think that he had. Question. What was the character of discipline maintained in the yard? Was there any lack of care in the preservation or defense of the public property while under Commodore Armstrongs command? Answer. There was no lack of such care on Captain Armstrongs part. Everything went on at the yard after his arrival as prior to it. Question. Could any effective resistance have been made under the circumstances which you have narrated? In other words, if overy officer and man had been willing to sacrifice his life in the defense of the yard, could it have been preservcd from the attacking force? (This question was objected to by the judge-advocate on the grounds presented yesterday to a similar enquiry calling for the opinion of the witness, and the court sustained the objection.) By the COURT: Question. How long were you detained as prisoners, and on what terms were you released, and by what authority? Answer. On Saturday at half past 1 oclock p. m. we were taken prisoners. On Sunday morning Captain Armstrong sent for me, and told me that the Supply had come in under a flag of truce from Fort Pickens and would take to New York all of the marines and such of the other officers as wished to go. Captain Walke, of the Supply, told me Monday he was ready to move the men aboard, and I sent the men ahoard the ship and turned them over to Captain Walke. I remained until Monday and went to Mobile then and returned by the land route. On the day I left Mr. Shipley, secretary or clerk to Captain Randolph, brought me this paper from Cap- tain Randolph, and signed hy him: PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 16, 1861. Captain Josiah Watson, of the U. S. Marine Corps, having given his parole of honor not to hear arms against the State of Florida, has permission to leave this place with his family and private property without hindrance or molestation. V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Commanding Navy Yard. I never read this paper and had no occasion to use it on leaving. I never gave my parole. I was told by Colonel Lomax that I was on parole. I said nothing in reply. Mr. Shipley told me this paper might be of service to me in passing through Alabama and Georgia home. By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. What is the relative position of the magazine to the navy- yard enclosure, and was any guard placed thereat, or at any other point distant from the yard prior to the surrender? Answer. The large magazine, the one of which I have been speaking, is out of the yard enclosure a half mile from the north wall. No guard, to my knowledge, was ever placed thereat, or anywhere heyond the yard enclosure. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. Are you certain that it was Commodore Armstrong who sent you the message about embarking the marines on board the Supply? Answer. I am. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him. ELBRIDGE LAWTON, a witness called by the judge-advocate, was then duly sworn, and examined as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you on duty at the navy yard near Pensacola on the 12th of January last? If so, in what capacity Page 28 28 OPERATIONS IN THE 42IULF OF MEXICO. Answer. I was, as superintendent of the machinery of the United States steamer Fulton. My position is chief engineer in the Navy. Question. Who was in the command of the yard at that time ~ Answer. Commodore Armstrong. Question. State as concisely as you can, but iu some detail, and in the order of their occurrence, the circumstances that immediately pre- ceded and attended the surrender of the navy yard and public prop- erty at that point by Captain James Armstrong. Answer. The night previous to the taking of the yard I heard men were on their way from Montgomery, Ala. I heard they were expected in the train at 9 oclock. I did not mention this to Captain Armstrong; I did to Captain Watson. Mr. James, on duty as engineer in the yard, told me next morning about 9 or 10 oclock that they had arrived. About 12 oclock I was standing in conversation with Com- mander Farrand, and a watchman came from the direction of the gate next to Wool- soy, the north gate, to Captain Farrand and said, [hey are here, or They want you, or words to that effect, and he broke off immediately and said, I have to go. He went in the direction of the north gate. As he started off I said, Are the troops here? and he said, Yes. I followed on close behind him and arrived at the gate just after him. There were two gentlemen standing inside the gate in citizens dressCaptain Randolph and Mr. Campbell. Captain Randolph, I understood, was acting as commissioner for the State of Alabama and Mr. Campbell for that of Florida. Commander Farrand shook bands with them very cordially; seemed to know them well, and had some conversation with thema few words. I did not hear the words. I passed on out of the gate, and Commander Farrand turned back with them and went np the yard. I went out of the yard to see the troops. About a fourth of a mile off from the yard saw them. I returned to the yard, and as I entered the gate Commander Farrand was returning with Captain Randolph and Mr. Campbell. They passed out, and at that time Colonel Lomax, with his aids, was riding up toward the gate, leaving the troops where they first stood. Captain Ran- dolph and Mr. Campbell had then an interview with Colonel Lomax and Commande Farrand. The gates were then opened and Colonel Lomax and his aids rode in. I did not hear the conversation that passed. They went in the direction of the com- modores office, and went into the huilding in which the office is, and had been in there about five minutes when Lieutenant Renshaw called the watchman and said to him, Hanith e flag down. Colonel Lomax and party then came out again, went out [of] the yard and marched in the troops. I did not see the flag hauled down; could not see it done from the position I was then in. Saw afterwards that it was down. The troops came in at the north gate and marched around to the west gate, and there they halted. I passed out the small gate and went to see Captain Watson, who was standing at the barracks with some of the marines; cant say they were under arms. I had some conversation with him and he said, Here comes the officer I am to surrender to. Colonel Lomax rode up and dismounted, and he and Cap- tain Watson passed in under the arch. No conversation had occurred between them. I then went into the yard again. I saw Commodore Armstrong soon after the flag was ordered to be hauled down. I asked him if I could leave the yard, and told him I wanted to go to Washington. He said he had no control over me; that his func- tions had ceased as commander of the yard, and I could go where I pleased. I sup- posed from that I could go, but when I attempted that evening to go I was pre- vented from passing by Colonel Lomax. By the COURT: Question. Do you know if any other flag was hoisted in the place of the one taken down ~ Answer. I did not notice that one was hoisted on that day. On Sunday I saw one hoisted. It was a dingy white flag; looked like an old signal flag with a star put on it. Question. How far could a body of troops marching on the yard be seen from the gate or any other part of the navy yard ~ Answer. By the road the troops approached they could be seen for a third of a mile, as the road is in a direct line. If they left the road and went into the woods they could approach much nearer before being seen Page 29 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 29 By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Did you ever understand from Captain Armstrong, prior to the arrival of the troops, what was to be done in the event of their coining? And if so, state what that understanding was. Answer. Nothing whatever was so understood by me. Question. State whether any, and, if any, what, arrangements were made by Captain Armstrong, or others ander his authority, for the defense of the navy yard and the public property thereat, and especially as between the 9th and 12th of January, inclusive. Answer. I have no personal knowledge. I only know what Captain Watson told me he was doing under orders. Question. What was the condition of Captain Armstrong~5 command in respect of subordination,and was there,to your knowledge, any disaffection therein? Answer. I know of no disaffection among the officers, except it be in the case of Mr. Gonzales, the naval storekeeper, who was a secessionist, and talked openly about secession and appeared anxious to bring about secession and the capture of the prop- erty there. He said they would capture it, and were right to do so. He was not at all loyal; he furnished provisions out of his own house to one of the companies after the surrender. I do not know of any further disaffection among the officers. I said at the time the order was given to haul down the flag, to Lieutenant Renshaw, I had hoped I would never live to see the day when that would happen. He replied, I am not hauling it down to an enemy; I am hauling it down to our own people. I replied I did not know any such people myself. The master machinist of the yard, James Doyle, was by at the time, and when he heard the order given said that that was right, and he was glad to hear that order given. He had also denied to me that any troops had arrived, and when I mentioned that Mr. James had told me they had arrived he said, Well, I am like the telegraph office or company, and dont tell secrets. It was almost impossible to find out whether troops had arrived at Pensa- cola or not. 1 asked a great many who ought to have known and they denied it. All the master workmen except the painter were disaffected. I cant speak as to him. The mechanics, I judge 200 in all120 whites, the balance blacksunder the master workmen, I cant speak of, except that after the surrender they fraternized with the capturing force; I mean as a body; there were some few exceptions. I know nothing of the men in ordinary. There was no disaffection among the marines. Question. What was the strength of the force brought against the navy yard prior to its surrender? Answer. About four hundred. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. Was the population of Woolsey and Warrington all dis- affected toward the Government and countenancing and encouraging the movement against the yard? Answer. I think not. I know that all of them were not. I canThot say that a large portion even were disaffected. I only know that after the surrender most of them appeared fo be on the side of the insurgents. Those who were not remained passive. I know that Mr. Saint made himself unpopular by trying to form a com- pany to defend the yard, and was driven off after the surrender by Major Chase. (Commodore Armstrong here requested the judge-advocate to note that he desired to ask this witness the same question that was put to the last witness, and objected to, relative to his opinion of their ability to defend the yard at any cost of life.) Question. How did you get away? Did you give any parole? Answer. I did not give any parole. I had a permit signed by Captain Randolph; this is it: Permit Engineer Lawton and Engineer Musgrave to pass with their effects out of the navy yard. V. M. RANDOLPH. 14TH JANUARY, 1861 Page 30 30 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. The (1ate here should have been on the 13th; it was delivered to me Sunday, the 13th. The testimony of this witness was theit read over to him, and the court then, at 3: 15 oclock p. ni., adjourned to meet again to-morrow morning at 10 oclock a. m. WASHINGTON CITY, February 13, iSGilO a. in. The court met pursuant to adjournment. 1~resent, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain Armstrong also present. The judge-advocate having been prevented by indisposition from writing up the record, the court, to allow him an opportunity to do so, then adjourned to meet again to-morrow morning at 10 oclock a. in. WASHINGTON CITY, February 14, 18611#i~ a. in. The court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The record of the proceedings of the 12th and 13th February were then read over. Captain JOSIAH WATSON, a witness previously examined, was then recalled by the judge-advocate and interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE ADvoCATE: Question. You stated in your previous examinatiou that when Cap- tain Armstrong handed the key of the magazine to Colonel Lomax the latter replied he received it in the name of the State of Florida, etc. What had Captain Armstrong said previously ~ And state generally what passed at that interview relative to the surrender of the navy yard or magazine. Answer. He handed the key and merely said he turned over to him the keys of the magazine. There was no other conversation that I heard relative to the surrender of the yard or magazine. The yard itself had been surrendered previously. Question. Do you know that a request was ever made by Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, in command of Fort Pickens, of Captain Arm- strong, that if he had determined to capitulate he would send him (Lieutenant Slemmer) the marines to aid in the defense of Fort Pickens ~ Answer. I do not. Question. Do you know who were present at the interview between Captain Armstrong and the commissioners when the ~urrender took place~ Answer. I do not know. By the COURT: Question. How long before the surrender of the yard had Lientenamit Slemmer left Fort Barrancas to occupy Fort Pickens ~ Answer. I think he went over Tuesday or Wednesday night prior; I think Wednes- day. I understood that men and launches were sent down from the yard to aid him, and that the Wyandotte towed them over. Question. How long before the surrender of the yard did the Sup- ply and Wyandotte go over to Fort Pickens ~ Answer. The Supply went over on the Thursday before; the Wyandotte Friday Page 31 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 31 ELBRIDGE LAWTON, chief engineer, a witness I)reviously examined, was then recalled by the judge-advocate, and interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Do you know how your pass or permit to leave came to differ from the others grantedl If so, state how. Answer. I do not know, unless it was that my name did not appear upon the roll of the yard. I (lid not muster with the officers of the yard. This testimony was then read over to the witness. WILLIAM MUSGRAYE, a witness called by the judge-advocate, was then duly sworn. By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you present at the U. S. navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January last? If so, were you on duty, and in what capacity? Answer. I was there at that time on duty as assistant engineer to Mr. Lawton. Question. State briefly what material circumstances connected with the surrender of the yard on that day by Captain Armstrong came under your notice. Answer. On the morning of the 12th, between 10 and 11 oclock, in the company of Mr. Lawton I met Commander Farrand, and someone came up and mentioned, They are at the gate. I was with Mr. Lawton nearly all the morning, until about 3, and saw only what he saw. I h~ ye heard his testimony read and can add noth- ing additional to it from my own knowledge, except that I had been informed by Mr. Lamberton, the postmaster at Warrington, that the troops would be down at the yard that eveningFriday, the 11th. I mentioned it to Mr. Lawton; I did not mention it to Captain Armstrong; and further, that when Colonel Lomax and his aids came out of the commodores office they did not go immediately out of the yard, but went over to Commander Farrands house and remained there a half hour or so. That was before the troops were brought in. Question. What was the strength of the force brought against the yard? Answer. About 400 men. There were six or seven companies with about 70 men in each, as near as I could judge. They all came in the first place against the yard, and were then afterwards distributed at the yard, the magazine, and Fort Barrancas. Question. Do you know of any disaffection in the command of Coin- inodore Armstrong? If so, state its character and extent. Answer. Most all of the master mechanics were secessionists; I judge so by their talk; I have heard them say, We will soon have the yard and you will be put out of it. I never heard anything from the officers, but it was generally reported in the yard that Mr. Gonzales, Commander Farrand, Lieutenant Renshaw, and the chaplain, Mr. Thomas, were secessionists. Question. Are you aware of any special arrangements made by Cap- tain Armstrong for the defense of the yard, especially between the 9th and 12th of January, inclusive? If so, state them. Answer. No, sir; I am not aware of any, except that a few days before the yard was taken we, the residents of the yard, were required in passing in and out to have the countersign, which was not so before. Question. Have you any knowledge that men were sent from the yard to Fort Pickens? If yea, state wheu they were sent, how, and their number and character. Answer. I was on board the steamer Wyandotte Wednesday or Thursday prior to the 12th, in the afternoon between 4 and 5 oclock. There was excitement board in consequence of the master machinist of the navy yard, James Doyle, dropping over- board an important part of the machinery, which had been in repair at the shop Page 32 32 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. They supposed it had been done purposely, and it was not recovered. And about an hour after I went some thirty or thirty-two men in ordinary came aboard. It appeared to be kept secret where they were going. I do not know where they went. I know they left in the Wyandotte. The next morning the vessel was off Fort Pickeus, and during that day the vessels were engaged in moving Lieutenant Slemmer and his command from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. When the message was given, They are at the gate, did Commander Farrand seem to understand the meaning of the words, and act on the iuformation~ Answer. The impression made on me was that he knew they were coming. He had been standing there some time before the message came, and when he received it he left abruptly and went away. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and JOHN L. PORTER was then called as a witness by the judge.advocate, and duly sworn. By the JUDGE.ADVOCATE: Qnestion. What is yonr position in the Navy, and were you present on dnty at the U. S. navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January~ Answer. I am naval constructor. I was present on duty at the yard at that time. Question. State as briefly as you can such material facts connected with the surrender of the yard as came under your observation. Answer. On the morning of the 12th (Saturday) a couple of workmen, ship car- penters, came to my house early, about sunrise, and stated that a force had come to take the yard. I came out as soon as I had had my breakfast and heard in the yard that the force was then on its way to take the yard. The men I spoke of came from Warrington and had heard there of the arrival of troops and that they were coming down to take the commodore prisoner. At 1 oclock I was at the mnster office, and when the roll was called but few of the workmen answered. I heard the troops had arrived. I went np the yard and saw the officers ride in; Commander Farrand con- ducted them in; they went to the commodores office. I went to see the troops, and when I came back the flag had been hauled down. The troops then marched in and went to the marine barracks and the barracks at Barrancas. I heard no conversation that passed between the commissioners and Captain Armstrong relative to the surrender. Question. What was the strength of the force brought against the yard0? Answer. About 350 men. I noticed them particularlyI mean in the column that halted in front of the yard. I do not know how many went to the magazine. I do not know of my own knowledge that any went there. I counted the companies and averaged the men. There were seven companies, and averaged abont 50 men each two from Montgomery, Ala., two from Wetnmpka, Ala., and one from Lowudes, Ala., and two from Pensacola, Fla. All were uniformed companies except one from Pen- sacola; that was a new company. One of the Pensacola companies was part mounted and part on foot, and had double-barreled guns. The rest of the com- panies were well armed with rifled muskets and revolvers; they had no artillery. On Sunday a large nniformed company of 60 men came from Alabama, and on Wed- nesday following 350 more troops arrived by the Oregon, mostly from Mississippi, and on Thursday the steamer Oregon brought over from Mobile 300 or 400 more men; so that by that night they had 1,000. The steamer passed in between the forts and the yard. Question. What number of men were there in ordinary at the yard at the time of its surrender, or had been there shortly before the surrender? Answer. I should judge that there were sixty men in ordinary at the yard before the surrender. Before its snrrender thirty of them had been sent to the fort. They were sent about three days before the surrender. They were sent to aid in the trans- portation of stores and munitions of war from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens. The Page 33 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 33 had a large coaling lighter with them belonging to the navy yard to carry the stores, and the Wyandotte towed them backward and forward. Question. What knowledge have you of any disaffection in the com- mand of Captain Armstrong3? Answer. As far as the military officers of the yard were concerned, I believe they were all loyal; but as regards the civil officers, the storekeeper, the master workmen, and all the clerks of the yard were strong secessionists. They used to say boldly in the yard that it would be taken possession of just as soon as Alabama and Florida went out of the Union. They, the master workmen, the clerks, and a few of the workmen, had joined an association pledged to sustain the Southern Confederacy when formed. The mechanics generally were strong Union men. Question. What arrangements were made or directious given, to your knowledge, by Captain Armstrong for the defense of the yard, espe- cially between the 9th and 12th of January? Answer. Nothing that I know. I had an order from the commodore to hurry up the work on the Wyandotte and get her out of the dock as soon as possible. This was given on the Monday or Tuesday previous to the Saturday on which the yard was taken. The vessel was got out on Tuesday, took her powder on board Wednes- day, and on Thursday she assisted in moving stores from Barrancas to Fort Pickens. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. What was the condition of the population of Woolsey, Warrington, and Pensacola in reference to the attack on the yard 3? iDid they or not sympathize with and countenance the movement 3? Answer. I do not think they countenanced the movement, but they were awed and afraid to express their opinion. The workmen from the yard on the day of the elec- tion, prior to the arrival of the troops, all voted in a body against the secession can- didates in spite of an appeal from Colonel Chase, whom they hooted; and they defeated those candidates in that county by the large vote had at the yard. After secession they were intimidated by the leading secessionists, not by the military. They were aft-aid to oppose the movement. I do not think the commodore could have obtained the aid of a single workman to aid in the defense of the yard; not that they favored the movement, but that they were afraid to move against it. Question. How long prior to the surrender was the election of which you speak 3? Answer. About two weeks. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and Lieu- tenant JOHN IRWIN, U. S. Navy, was then called by the judge-advocate as a witness, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you at the navy yard near Pensacola F 12th of January last or i la.7 on the capacity? , n the vicinity thereof 3? .[f yea, in what Answer. I was in the vicinity of the yard, at the village of Warrington, on the 12th, the day of the surrender, on leave of absence. I was that morning detached from the Wyandotte by Commodore Armstrong. Question. Have y~u any knowledge of the circumstances attending the surrender of the yard? If so, stateit. Answer. I have no personal knowledge of what transpired in the yard, as I was not there at the time. Question. When was it first known at Warrington on the morning of the 12th that troops were on their way from Pensacola to attack the yard? Answer. It was known in the village early in the morning of the 12th that troops were on the way. The principal part of the inhabitants of the village were to act with them, and seemed well informed on the subject. N W HVOL 4 Page 34 34 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Question. State to what extent, if any to your knowledge, Commo- dore Armstrong cooperated with Lieutenant Slemmer in arranging for the defense of the public property at the yard and in the vicinity thereof. Answer. I know that Commodore Armstrong on the 9th of January ordered the commanding officers of the steamers Wyandotte and Supply to anchor off Fort Barran- cas to convoy the troops from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens. On the night of the 9th the fog was too great to do anything. At daylight on the 10th I took command of the boats of the Wyandotte, with a navy-yard lighter in tow, and proceeded to Fort Barrancas wharf; took on hoard the fleldpieces, the garrison, and all their effects. There were about forty-eight men, and with the assistance of the Wyandotte they were towed across the harbor and landed at Fort Pickens. Two boats of the navy yard, under the command of Sailing Master Pearson, were engaged that day in transport- ing the powder, 22,000 pounds, from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens. On the 11th the boats of the Wyandotte were engaged transporting the effects of the officers and men from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens. Lieutenant Erben, of the Supply, was in command of a boat from that vessel, and engaged on the 11th in destroying powder taken from Fort McRee. He destroyed 22,000 pounds hy rolling the barrels into the sea. There were runiors of an attack that day, and we had not force enough to move the powder over the bay. Thirty of the men in ordinary were taken over by the Wyandotte and landed at Fort Pickens the evening of the 10th, to aid in the defense of that place. They carried with them 30 muskets, 4,600 cartridges and caps. A quantity of provisions were ordered by Commodore Armstrong to be landed at Fort Pickens, and on the 12th early in the morning they were landed. Question. Where were the vessels, the Wyandotte and the Supply, at the time of the surrender of the yard ~ Answer. I saw the Wyandotte under steam 300 or 400 yards from the wharf in the navy yard a short time after the surrender of the yard. She was heading to Fort Pickens. Shortly after that a signal was made from the Supply to take her in tow, and both vessels went to sea that afternoon and returned to the harbor of Pensacola under a flag of truce on the 13th. Question. What was the strength of the crews of the Wyandotte and the Supply, and what nnmber of guns had they aboard, and what was the caliber of the guns ~ Answer. The Wyandotte had four 32-pounder guns of 27 cwt. and two Dahigren howitzers. I do not know exactly how many men; I believe 72 or 73, all told, offi- cers and men. The storeship Supply had two 32-pounders of 27 or 30 cwt. small gnus. Should not judge from my own observation that the crew exceeded 36 men. Question. How near could these vessels approach the beach at any point to the northeast of the yard by which ran the usual road or approach from Pensacola ~? Answer. They could certainly approach within a quarter of a mile. The Supply drew 16 feet and the Wyandotte 13 feet. Question. What was the distance of the road from the beach, and could the guns of the vessels from the bay command that approach~i Answer. The guns from the vessels in the bay would reach the road. The distance of the road varies; at the bayou it is narrow. The beach itself is the road. Question. What disaffection, if any, was there in the command under Commodore Armstrong ~ Answer. I know positively of disaffection among the employ6s of the yard, and of rumored disaffection among the officers. Some expressed a desire not to bear arms against the South. Question. How far was this disaffection known to Captain Arm- strong? Answer. That I do not know. Question. For how long a time had it prevailed in the yard? Answer. I reached the village of Warringtou on the 10th of December, where I resided. I found a good deal of excitement there then. The feelings of some of th Page 35 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 35 officersCommander Farrand, Lieutenant Renshaw, and the naval storekeeper, Mr. Gonzaleswere enlisted in behalf of the South. I know of no refusal to obey orders among officers or ernfdoy6s. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. You were asked if the vessels in the bay could not have commanded the approach by the bay road. If the vessels had been stationed for that purpose, could not the attacking party just as easily have reached the yard by another route ~ Answer. The attacking force could have reached the yard by another route, but not so easily. By the COURT: Question. What was the armament of the steamer Fuiton, aiid where were these arms deposited, if in the yard l Answer. Four 32-pounders of 33 cwt. They were deposited in the artillery park of the yard. They were dismounted at the time of the surrender of the yard. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and then, at 3 oclock p. in., the court adjourned, to meet again to-morrow morning at 10 oclock a. in., the 15th instant. WASHINGTON CITY, February 15, iSGilO a. m. The court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the Ineml)ers William B. B. Cross, the judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The record of the proceedings of yesterday, the 14th instant, were then read over, after which JEREMIAH H. GILMAN, second lieutenant, First Artillery, U. S. Army, was then called as a witness by the judge- advocate, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you present on duty in the vicinity of the U. S. navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January last0? If yea, state where and in what capacity. Answer. I was at Fort Pickens on the 12th, as second lieutenant of the troops stationed there, under the command of Lieutenant Slemmer. Question. What, if any, official intercourse had you with Captain Armstrong relative to the protection of the public property in the vicinity of the navy yard 0? Answer. On the 7th of January Lieutenant Slemmer and myself, hearing that the troops were coming to take possession of the public property there, visited Coinmo- dore Armstrong to see whether lie could unite with us in any way to defend the pub- lic property. We did the same thing on the 8th, and he decided, in the absence of instructions, that nothing could be done. On the morning of the 9th Lieutenant Slemmer received orders from the Headquarters of the Army to defend either of the forts, and was notified that the commandant of the yard had probably received instructions to cooperate with us. Lieutenant Slemmer and myself went immedi- ately to see the commodore and found that he had received the same day orders, which he showed us. The paper* which appears in the record bearing date January 3, 1861, from I. Toucey to Commodore James Armstrong, is a copy thereof as I recol- lect. After some conversation the commodore agreed with us that Fort Pickens was the only place that could be defended by the united force of the Army and Navy stationed there. He promised us to furnish us with provisions, with what men he could spare; that the Wyandotte should tow us across to Fort Pickens from Barrancas that day, the 9th, at 1 oclock, and that the Wyandotte arid the Supply were to anchor near the Fort to assist us in protecting it. At 1 oclock I went to the yard, Lieuten- ant Slemmer being at Fort Pickens, at which time the commodore said that the only assistance which he could render would be to furnish some provisions and allow the ~See p. 5 Page 36 36 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Wyandotte to tow us across. I replied that this amount of assistance would not be enough to warrant us in going to Fort Pickens, and that I would report the fact to Lieutenant Slemmer before going over. I immediately reported to him, and he and myself returned at once to the navy yard. Mr. Slemmer stated to the commodore that this was not the assistance he had promised him in the morning; that he bad it in his power to assist him; that he (Mr. Slemmer) had been deceived, and that in going over to Fort Pickens he had lost a whole day, which be might have spent in preparing Fort Barrancas for defense. The commodore then sent for Captain Far- rand, Captain Berryman, and, I think, Lieutenant Renshaw. They came, and after some discussion it was agreed that the Wyandotte should tow us over at 5 oclock p. m. that day. In this discussion the commodore stated he had very small means at hand (I think he stated some twenty or thirty marines and some seventy or eighty ordinary men), and that there was a hungry mob outside. Captain Farrand also stated the same, and said if they ordered away the marines they would be at the mercy of the hungry mob, to which we replied that even according to his own (Cap- tain Farrands) confession everything in the yard would be lost in two or three days. Captain Farrand also gave it as his opinion that it was perfectly useless to defend anything in the harbor, as a sufficient number of troops would swarm there in a few days to take any place, no matter what resistance we might make. Lieutenant Renshaw, either at this interview or another, said they were our own brethren who were coming against us, and spilling the blood of our own brethren was a very differ. cut thing from fighting a foreign foe, when several in the room (I cant state whether Captain Farrand was among them) exclaimed that that had nothing to do with the question. Captain Farrand took the ground that the yard and the forts had been shamefully neglected by the Government, and that in his opinion this neglect to reenforce the place showed that the Government, knowing the state of affairs in the South, did not expect the places to be defended against a large body of troops, which we had heard were then coming. The comniodore in the interview said, Great God, what can I do with the means that I havei~ I do not recollect particularly any- thing else coming from the commodore. The commodore also promised some ordinary menas many as were good men and referred to Captain Farrand and asked if there were not fifty good ones, and Cap- tain Farrand said there could not be more than thirty young and active men. The commodore seemed anxious to afford us all the assistance in his power, and Captain Farrand anxious to withhold it. The Wyandotte did not come until next day. The officers then said that they had been detained by some accident to the machinery and by the fog. She then towed ns across in a scow, which had been previously sent under the command of Lieutenant Irwin. On the way over the bay Captain Berryman turned over to Lieutenant Slemmer thirty ordinary men, who had been sent from the yard without arms or equipments of any kind or even a change of clothing. About the time we arrived at Fort Pickens some stores which I had made a requisition for the day before were sent from the yard. Either that day or the next Captain Ber- ryman obtained from~the yard some muskets and ammunition, but no clothing, for these men, and brought them to Fort Pickens. The Supply was anchored at this time, the 10th, and I think from the 10th to the 12th, near the fort. There was some correspondence at this time between Captain Slemmer and Commodore Armstrong as to where the vessels should go. We received, I think, on the 12th the supplies we wanted from the storeship. Question. Where were the Supply and the Wyandotte at the time the yard was surrendered ~ Answer. The Wyandotte was near the yard, nearly opposite t~ it, under steam. The Supply was about 500 yards from the beach, near the fort. I was on her at the time the flag was hauled down; I saw it. Question. What, if anything, did Captain Armstrong say to you and Lieutenant Slemmer in regard to supposed disaffection in his command, officers or men ~ Answer. I do not think he ever said anything about his men. Lieutenant Slem- mer told him he thought the officers in the yard on whom he called for advice were badly affected toward the Government, and the commodore replied he thought lie (Lieutenant Slemmer) was mistaken, and that these officers were still acting under their oaths to support the Constitution, and would be true until they resigned. We mentioned to the commodore that gentlemen had told us that volunteers could be raised outside for the protection of the public property; but the commodore did not think it advisable, and Captain Farrand objected to it very strongly. The Army officers as well as the commodore thought so, as it had not been done elsewhere, and no authority had been given for raising troops Page 37 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 37 Question. Are you aware what, in the first instance, changed the mind of Commodore Armstrong as to sending you reenforcements l Answer. I have only my own opinion as to that. The commodore, in the interview with Lieutenant Slemmer and myself, at first did not seem to remember that he had promised what Lieutenant Slemmer stated he had; but when Lieutenant Slemmer called his attention to a particular circumstance that seemed to remind the commo- dore of it. Question. Are you aware that Lieutenant Slemmer ever requested that Captain Armstrong, in the event of his determining to capitulate, would send him further aid from the yard to enable him (Lieutenant Slemmer) to defend Fort Pickensl If yea, was it sent; and if not, what, to your knowledge, prevented it l Answer. I have no personal knowledge of such request. I only know what Lieu- tenant Slemmer said. By the COURT: Question. What orders or information had Lieutenant Slemmer received, to your knowledge, on the 7th or 8th to induce him to visit Commodore Armstrong, and what information had you of dangerous designs against the forts or navy yard at that time ~ Answer. Nothing but the common talk of the people about town and the fact of some of the forts having been tal~en near Mobile. By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. In promising the aid of the vessels to Lieutenant Slemmer to cooperate in the defense of Fort Pickens, did Captain Armstrong ever qualify it by stating to him (Lieutenant Slemmer) how far the offi- cers might go in that cooperation ~ Answer. I only know that from Lieutenant Berryman. (The witness desired to add here that in the interview of the 9th, before referred to, he understood the Supply and the Wyandotte were to anchor at the fort to cooperate in protecting the land approach to the fort.) By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. Did you discover in any intercourse with Commodore Ann- strong any want of fealty to the Government or any disposition to avoid the full discharge of the duties intrusted to him ~ Answer. No, sir; not from my intercourse with him. I saw no evidence of want of good faith toward the Government more than appears in my testimony. Question. I wish you to distinguish between errors of judgment and the want of good faith. Do you mean by your qualification to your last answer to say that the commodore was untrue to his allegiance to the Government? Answer. At his interviews with me he indicated in his manner and conversation an eager desire to do his duty. As to the acts I have mentioned, I leave them to speak for themselves. Question. What vessels of war are now at or near the harbor of Pensacola, or were there when you left? Do they lie inside or outside; and if outside, why do they not go in? Answer. I do not know what vessels are there at this moment. When I left Fort Pickens on the 9th of February the Wyandotte, the Brooklyn, the Sabine, and the St. Louis were there. They were outside at the time I left. I think they were all under sail, lying off and on. They do not go in on account of the existing armistice between the Government and the State authorities. Question. Has the Government reenforced Fort Pickeus since Com- modore Armstrong surrendered the yard? If not, have they agree Page 38 38 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. not to do so at present in order to avoid collision with the State forces? What force is now within the fort~ (The judgeadvocate here snggested that the witness might be exempt, on grounds of public policy, from responding to this enqniry; and the witness answering, I wonld prefer not to answer this ques- tion, Commodore Armstrong thereupon agreed to waive it.) By the COURT: Question. At the interview with Commodore Armstrong wherein you say that it was agreed between you that Fort Pickens was the only place you could defend with your united means, is it to be understood that you all concurred in such opinion, and that the navy yard was deemed one of the indefensible places ~ Answer. As to myself and Lieutenant Slemmer and Commodore Armstrong I have already answered; as to the other officers present, Captain Farrand and Lieutenant Renshaw did not wish to defend any place; said it would be useless. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and JAMES M. COOPER was then called by the judge-advocate as a witness, and interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you present at the navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., ou the 12th of January last~ If so, in what capacity~ Answer. I was there as gunner of the yard. Question. State what number of guns were then in the yard, their size and condition. Answer. There were twenty-two 18 pounders, a saluting battery, four 32-pounders belonging to the Felton, and four 32-pounders belonging to the yard, that had been left there, and two S-inch guns. There was also a howitzer in the armory; it had no elevating screw, and there was no ammunition for it. None of the guns were mounted but the saluting battery. Those were stationary, mounted on carriages without trucks, and the carriages were rotten. They were not movable. I do not know of my own knowledge that there were any gun carriages in the yard. The saluting battery pointed toward Pensacola, and was not more than 100 yards from the north gate. Question. What number of men in ordinary were there in the yard on the 12th or shortly prior thereto ~ Answer. There were some thirty-one or thirty-two sent to the fort before the troops came to the yard, leaving about forty in the yard. Question. What quantity of ammunition was on hand at that time in the magazine or elsewhere? Answer. I could not say with certainty. All the ammunition w~is under the charge of the storekeeper. There was only two barrels in the yard; just enough for saluting. The magazine was large. I have seen it often, and should think there must have l)een 400 or 500 barrels of powder in it. The magazine was some 300 yards from the navy yard. There were a number of large S and 10 inch shells in it. Question. Do you know any material circumstance connected with the surrender of the yard ~ If so, state it. Answer. I do not, except that Commander Farrand ordered me to go to the maga- zine to show the officers of the troops what was there. I did not go because they would not allow me to pass out. Question. What disaffection, if any, was there among the officers or men under the command of Captain Armstrong at the yard~? Answer. Captain Farrand and Lieutenant Renshaw appeared disaffected. Captain Farrand came after me often for the dimension of the cartridges of the guns at the fort. This was after the yard was seized; it was on the Monday following. He als Page 39 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 39 enquired about the shells that belonged to the howitzer in the armory. The men in or(Iinary I knew hut little about. The storekeeper, Gonzales, who had charge of the amiiiunition, was disaffected; very much so. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. Did not Commodore Armstrong prior to the surrender caution you to be vigilant and to give him any information of what was going on outside? Answer. He did, sir. Question. Could the guns of the saluting battery have been used in an engagement with an enemy? Answer. No, sir; they could not. The carriages were so rotten they could not he used. The guns themselves were fit for service. In firing a salute one day the side of a carriage fell out. Question. Did any officer but yourself ever serve with Captain Arm- strong before? Answer. Not to my knowledge. I w~ s there when the commodore came, and he appeared to be a stranger to all the rest there. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and then, at 3 oclock p. in., the court adjourned, to meet again at 10 oclock a. m. to-morrow. WASHINGTON CITY, February 16, 18G11O a. m. Court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. The record of yesterdays proceedings was read over, and then Lieu- tenant HENRY ERBEN, U. S. Navy, was called as a witness by the judge-advocate, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you on duty in the vicinity of the navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January last? If so,in what capacity? Answer. I was on duty, attached to the storeship Supply, off Fort Pickens, on the 12th of January. Question. Had you any interviews with Captain Armstrong relative to the protection of the public property at the navy yard? If so, state what passed thereat. Answer. I had but one interview with Commodore Armstrong, and that was on the evening of the 11th. I offered to Commodore Armstrong to destrhy the powder in the naval magazine in Warrington, and to remove the rope and blocks that could be used for mounting guns, and any small arms that might be in the yard I wanted to take to Fort Pickens and place them there. My reason for proposing this was that the afternoon previous to this visit on the 11th I had destroyed the powder, between 20,000 and 30,000 pounds, and mounting tackling at the fort and carried away the blocks from Fort MeRee. The commodore told me he was very glad I had called on him, and I thought the commodore about to give me the perulission. Then Captain Farrand and Lieutenant Renshaw caine in. I am not positive that the commodore sent for them. When Captain Farrand ascertained my purpose he seemed not at all pleased, and he asked the commodore if I had seen his (Commodore Armstrongs) instructions. The commodore then read me instructions which directed that he should be vigilant in protecting the public property, and Captain Farrand said to me in a menacing manner, Do you call this protecting Government property by destroying it I Captain Farrand was so excited in his manner that the commodore had to request him not to speak so loud. He told the commodore that I was rash; that I wanted to do what the Army officers had done; that what they had done was wrong, ~nd that if he (the commodore) gave me the permission it woul Page 40 40 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. incite a riot and cause bloodshed. I told Captain Farrand that if any guns were fired from the fort the rope and blocks for mounting them would come from the navy yard. Captain Parrand then got very angry, and said he would not sit in a room and be spoken to in that manner. He also complained that the officers of the Supply and Wyandotte did not obey the commodores orders to return to the yard and bring the ships back. Lieutenant Renshaw said nothing in this interview except to the commodore. Your instructions are to send the Supply to Vera Cruz and the Wyandotte to the coast of Cuba; why dont they go? I left without obtaining the permission or order. My impression is that Commodore Armstrong would have given me the order but for Captain Farrand and Lieutenant lienshaw. Question. Can you recall any further remarks from Captain Arm- strong himself, showing what his purpose was in reference to the defense of the public property at that point? Answer. I do not recollect anything. Question. By whose direction did you destroy the powder and other property at Fort MciRee? Answer. I did it at the request of the Army officers at Fort Pickens, as they had no time to do it. Question. Are you cognizant of any material occurrences attending the surrender of the yard on the 12th of January? If so, state them. Answer. I know nothing of them. I was then ashore at Fort Pickens. Question. What, if any, disaffectiou was there in the command of Captain Armstrong, and how far was the same, if any existed, known to him? Answer. I would frequently hear the mechanics talking in the yard in a manner to show disaffection. That is all I know positively. By Captain ARMsTRONG: Question. As to Captain Farrands statement that the officers of the Supply and Wyandotte had not obeyed orders to return to the yard, had there been sufficient time to comply with the orders? Answer. I do not know when the orders were given; I do not know of any dis- obedience myself. Question. When did the Supply enter Pensacola Bay, what did she go there for, and from whence did she come, and what was her destination? ~nswer. She arrived on the 7th of December, 1860; we came from Vera Cruz [Mexico] for stores, among them coal. It was said on the vessel she was to return to Vera Crnz; I never saw the orders. We never obtained all our stores prior to the surrender; why I can not state; we were delayed by bad weather, and they did not work as rapidly in the yard as I thought they might have done. Question. How long did it take to get the sand balkast out of the vessel? Answer. I think we were discharging ballast two weeks; we worked at it twice, taning in coal between these times. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and SAMUEL F. REYNOLDS, sergeant of marines, was then called as a witness by the judge-advocate, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you at the navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of Jannary last? If so, in what capacity? Answer. I was there as orderly sergeant of the post. Question. State any material circumstances attending the surrender of the yard that came under your observation Page 41 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 41 Answer. On the morning of the 12th I received an order from Captain Watson to have the men formed nnder arms. Afterforming them I reported to hini and he directed me to let them rest their pieces against the harracks and stand ready to fall in at the order; this was ahout 10 oclock a. m. The next order I received was to form the men, and let them stack their arms; this was probably after 12 oclock. It was an order that all of the men seemed very reluctant to obey. They were very much affected, some of them to tears, and said they would not obey; they would not suffer the humiliation; they would sooner be shot. Some time after the arms were stacked, probably an hour and a half, there was a commissioner, as Captain Watson called him, came and cast his eye over the men, and after he inspected the quarters we were directed to occupy two of the rooms. About an honr after, the balance of the quarters were occupied by the troops from Alabama. This must have been two hours and a half after the arms were stacked. After that we were not allowed to leave the yard. From what I saw I judged the number of the troops was about 300. I tried my best to ascertain precisely. This estimate includes all that came agai~st t.he yard. I cant state exactly how many companies were there; five companies came in the first instance to the barracks; we had thirty-seven enlisted men in the Marine Corps, and one officer; they were all out that day. By the COURT: Question. Was ball cartridge issued to the men that day or at any day before~ Answer. I received an order three days before to detail a guard for the north gate and to issue them ball cartridges. That order was countermanded that same even- ing as to issuing hail cartridges. No ball cartridges were issued to the rest of the company. 1 was directed not to issue them to any of the company. This order came from Captain Watson. I did issue the ball cartridges to the sergeant detached to take charge of the guard at the north gate, and I afterwards acted on the order to take them back. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. Where were the ball cartridges kept that were to be used by the marines~ Answer. In the marine store room in the barracks. We had from 800 to 1,000 ball cartridges there and more in the small magazine within the navy yard. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and Cap- tain WATSON, a witness previously examined, was recalled by the judge-advocate. By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. What orders had you given just before the surrender of the yard relative to the issue or nonissue of ball cartridges, and were the same received by you from Captain Armstrong ~ Answer. Three or four days before the surrender of the yard, when the additional guard was put at the north gate, they were supplied with three ~ckages of ball cartridges. The sentry on post had a blank cartridge to give the alarm. The ball cartridges were in possession of the sergeant at the gate, who was th~ sergeant of the guard. That order was not countermanded. The sergeant was told that evening not to load with them unless it was necessary. I received no orders in relation to the issue of ball cartridges from Captain Armstrong. By the COURT: Question. Were ball cartridges issued to the marine guard on the day of the snrrender ~ Answer. No, sir; we had them in the guard room ready, but not in the cartridge boxes of The men; the marines paraded that day without ball cartridges; they had the cartridge boxes on; I now think the ball cartridges were in the boxes. We had some 3,000 ball cartridges at the barracks. The weather was so wet that the muskets were not kept loaded. Question. Did you order Sergeant Reynolds to furnish the guard at the north gate with ball cartridges, and did you direct him to withdraw them Page 42 42 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Answer. I ordered Sergeant Reynolds to furnish ball cartridges to the guard, and I saw that they were furnished before the guard went up. I did not direct him to withdraw them from the guard. I told him not to load the muskets with them. They remained at the gate with the sergeant of the guard ready for use. The testimony of this witness was here read over to him, and ROBERT DIXON, boatswain, was then called by the judge-advocate, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you present at the navy yard near Pensacola on the 12th of Jannary last ~ If so, state in what capacity, and add any material circumstance connected with the surrender of the yard that came under your notice. Answer. I was at the yard on the 12th of January last as boatswain. About 1 oclock I heard the troops had arrived. I went up toward the gate and saw the com- missioners come in. Captain Farrand was with them. I then went out and saw the troops. I then went down to the flagstaff. The flag had then been bauled down and the quartermaster had it in his hand. Nothing further of any particular importance came under my notice. The quartermaster, I think, took the flag to the watch- house. Question. Did you estimate with care the number of troops that came against the yard ~ If so, what was the number 0? Answer. I went out and looked at them and I said then to myself therc was no 500 troops there. From the room they occupied I thought there were about 300. I speak of the troops in front of the north gate. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and Ron- BET HUNTER, sailmaker, was then called by the judge-advocate, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you present at the United States navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January last 0? If so, state in what capacity, and add any material circumstance attending the surrender of the yard that came uuder your observation. Answer. I was present as master sailmaker of the yard. I heard the troops were at the hayou, and when I heard they were at the gate I went up and saw them march in. There were from 275 to 300. They came in open order. I then under- stood the yard was surrendered. I went to Captain Armstrong and asked him if this place was surrendered, and he gave me to understand that he had no further command over it; that he was a prisoner and I was the same. I then went to Cap- tain Farrand and asked him with regard to the property, if I was to deliver it up, and he said, Yes; everything. And he then told me if I did not wish to join the Southern Confeeracy I might consider myself a prisoner on parole, and told me at the same time that he had no further control over me. He did not try to coerce me, or anything of the kind. I then asked him as to my private quarters, whether I would be disturbed in them or not, and he said no- I would remain as long as I wished. Sunday I had aiiother interview with Captain Farraud relative to the property, as to taking a list of the stock. He said at first it was not worth while, and afterwards said I had better do so. I then took two copies of same from the books, one of which I gave him; the other I brought off with me. An order came from Captain Randolph next morning to make some sand bags for breastwork. I said Captain Randolph had nothing to do with me; I was a prisoner. He (the aid- de-camp who brought the order) said the men h 4 better do it; if they did not, they would be taken care of. All the mensailmakerswent to work, except one who came off with me. By the COURT: Question. Had you reason to know or believe that any of the com- mand of Captain Armstrong were false or disaffected 0? Answer. Among the naval officers I did not know anything of it hefore the sur- render. I thought that some who after the surrender went from one service into another were disaffected Page 43 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 43 The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and Lnwis HoLMEs, a witness called by the judge-advocate, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JuDGE-ADVOcATE: Question. Were you present at tbe navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January last? If so, in what ca~)acity? And state any material circumstances that came under your observation. Answer. I was present at the navy yard as carpenter. I saw nothing in particular of the surrender except the troops come in and the flag hauled down. I do not know by whose order it was hauled down. I looked at the troops, and I should think those at the gates did not exceed 300 or 325 men. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and then, at 2:30 oclock p. in., the court adjourned, to meet again on Monday, the 18th instant, at 10 oclock a. in. WASHINGTON CITY, ]Ilionday, February 18, 186110 a. m. Court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong also present. S. THAYER ABERT was then called by the judge-advocate, and, being duly sworn, was interrogated as follows: By the JUDGE-ADVOCATE: Question. Were you present at the navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., on the 12th of January last? If so, in what capacity? Answer. I was there as civil engineer of the yard. Question. State any material occurrences relating to the arrival of the troops that came against the yard and connected with the surrender of the yard, that came under your observation. Answer. I was in Pensacola the day before the yard was taken. It was the talk that 400 troops were expected that night, and that more were expected the next day. I saw Major Chase, and told him that an attack on the yard would be an act of war, as the State was at peace with the United States, and I thought it would be at van- ~nce with the wishes of his own State, as it had appointed commissioners to negotiate for the peaceable retrocession of this property. I returned to the navy yard. It was a little after dark that evening. I called upon Captain Farrand as soon as I returned, and stated to him the material points of my conversation with Major Chase, espe- cially the knowledge I had gained with reference to the arrival of troops. I then called oi~ Commodore Armstrong, and stated the substance of my conversation with Major Chase to him and the rumor of the arrival of troops. I can not recollect any material reply made by Captain Armstrong. I was at the marine barracks with Captain Watson at the time of the surrender, and saw nothing of importance con- nected with it. I also learned that day in town that Alabama, Mississippi, and Flor- ida had seceded, and that Major Chase had been commissioned in the State service. This I also told to Captain Armstrong and Captain Iarrand. The impression I took up was that the troops were coming next day to the yard. I can not say that I com- municated that to the officers. By Captain ARMSTRONG: Question. What did Captain Farrand say when you gave him the information? Answer. He said he would call and see Captain Armstrong. By the COURT: Question. IDid you know of disaffection among the officers or employds of the yard prior to the surrender Page 44 44 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Answer. With regard to the employ6s of the yard, I know that a great many of them are Southerners, who could not in any event have been induced to take arms against the South. With regard to officers I know nothing. Lieutenant Kell always said that when Georgia seceded he would resign. This he did, but as long as he remained in the service he acted in good faith. He was not present at the sur- render of the yard; he had received a leave of absence about three weeks before to carry his wife, who was sick home~ he returned a week after the yard was surren- dered. I heard Captain Farrand say he had property in Alabama, and that when she seceded he would resign. These remarks were made publicly, but I know of no act of these gentlemen which was contrary to their fealty to the United States up to the time that they resigned. I would say the same of Mr. Gonzales, the naval store- keeper. He expressed hopes of the settlement of this question on the basis of the Crittenden resolutions. Question. Did the officers or men you speak of ever say in your presence that they would not defend the public property in their post, as well as that they would not bear arms against the State ~ Answer. No; I did not hear them say they would not defend the yard. My own impression is that the mass of the employ6s of the yard would not have borne arms; some few might have done so. The officers, I think, would have done so. I recog- nized it as the duty of a man as long as he was in the service to obey orders, and they agreed with me, I think, in this opinion. The testimony of this witness was then read over to him, and Sur- geon W. [S.] Bishop, the only other witness to whom a summons was sent, never having reported to the court, the evidence was here closed by the judge-advocate. Whereupon Captain Armstrong then offered the following docu- mentary evidence: U. S. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 13, 1861. I hereby certify that the annexed are true copies of the originals on file in the Navy Department. CHAS. W. WELSH, Chief Clerk. Be it known that Charles W. Welsh, whose name is signed to the above certificate, is now, and was at the time of so signing, chief clerk in the Navy Department, and that full faith and credit are due to all his official attestations as such. In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name, and caused the seal of the Navy Department of the United States to be affixed, at the city of Washington, this thirteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. [SEAL.] ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. NAVY DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, ETC., November 30, 1860. SIR: The enclosed requisitions have been received from the fiag-officer of the Home Squadron, which he requests may be forwarded by the storeship Supply, expected to reach the yard under your command by the 10th or 15th December. The articles called for being very numerous, and probably more than you can sup- ply, you will please send such of them as you may have, or such portions of them as in your opinion will best supply their present wants, and which the storeship can accommodate. With regard to the requisition for the Sabine, as she will soon complete her cruise you will send the least quantity that can be made to answer. If copies of these requisitions have been forwarded to you, please return the enclosed to the Bureau. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN LENTHALL, Chief of Bureau. Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant Navy Yard, Warrington, Fla. I certify the foregoing to be a true copy. JOHN AMBLER, Chief Clerk Page 45 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 45 [Telegarm.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, December 13, 1860. Do not let the Supply be detained by any survey on her sails. Send her directly back. I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant Navy Yard, Pen8acola, Fla. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, December 15, 1860. Dispatch of 13th received. I will send the Supply back to Vera Cruz as soon as stores and coal can be put on board. Respectfully, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Hon. I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, lila., December 15, 1860. SIR I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, by telegraph, this day, of your order of the 13th instant, in accordance with which I will dispatch the storeship Supply to retnrn to Vera Cruz as soon as the stores and coal required for the squad- ron (that can be furnished here) can possibly be put on board. I beg leave to state, however, that in my judgment the condition of the sails on board the Supply is such that the safety of the ship would be endangered by the nse of them, and I have therefore deemed it proper to order several sails which have been left here by various vessels from time to time, and which with slight alterations can be made to answer, to be prepared and furnished to the Supply. The work can be accomplished by the tine the ship will be in other respects ready to sail. Trusting that my course will be approved by the Department, I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Wa8hington, D. C. NAVY DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, ETC., December 26, 1860. Sin: In reply to your letter of the 17th, the Wyandotte will be docked if you think it necessary, delaying the vessel as little as possible. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN LENTHALL, Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, Chief if Bureau. Commandant Navy Yard, Warrinyton, lila. I certify the foregoing to be a true copy. JOHN AMBLER, Chief Cleric. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 17, 1861. SIR: The navy yard at Warrington, near Pensacola, having been surrendered by you to an armed force under the authority of Florida, you will consider yourself as detached from the command of that yard from the 12th instant, the (late of such sur- render, and as wailing orders. Of course all the work at the yard will be considered as suspended from that date. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, U. S. Navy, Warrington, lila Page 46 46 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. WASHINGTON, D. C., January 26, 1861. SIR: Having made my report to the Department on the cal)ture of the navy yard at Pensacola, late 110(1ev my coinnialid, I now have to re(llIest that a court of enquiry may be instituted to enquire into all the facts and circumstances of said capture, with the opinion of the court. I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Captain, U. S. Navy Hon. ISAAC ToueEv, Secretary of the Navy. CILARLESTOWN, MASS., February 4, 1861. SIR: ~I have the honor to enclose herewith the treaty of capitulation of the navy yard at Warrington, Fin. You will perceive by the terms that no parole was required of those leaving the place for their homes, but those only who remained behind. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Captain, U. S. Navy. Hon. ISAAc TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] This is to certify that Commodore James Armstrong, of the U. S. Navy, surrendered the command and relinquished the possession of the navy yard at Warrington, lila., on the 12th day of January, 1861, under the following circumstances, and upon the following terms of capitulation, to wit: A commission under authority of the gov- ernor of Florida, accompanied by an armed force very nmnch superior in numbers and equipments to that under his command, the latter not being sufficient to enable him to defend the place, demanded its immediate surrender with all the public property therein; which demand was acceded to with the understanding that he, the corn- mandant, and all the officers and other citizens of the United States attached to the station who desire to remove therefrom shall be freely permitted to do so, and to remove their families and all their private property at any time, or to remain on parole of honor. In witness whereof we, the commissioners and the commandant above referred to, have hereunto set our hands this 12th day of January, 1861. V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Navy Yard, RICHARD L. CAMPBELL, Commissioners. JAS. ARMSTRONG, Captain, U. S. Navy. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 16, 1861. SIR: In reply to your letter of the 14th instant 1 have to inform you that the resig- nation of Commander Farrand was tendered not by telegraph, but by a letter dated January 13, which was received, and the resignatio~r accepted January 21, 1861. The resignation of Lieutenant Renshaw was tendered in like manner by letter, dated January 16, and was received and accepted January 22, 1861. The Department has not been informed that their testimony is necessary before the court of enquiry, and it has no power to compel the attendance of a private citizen as a witness. I ans, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. Toucsv, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commodore JAMES ARMSTRONG, U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C. Captain Armstrong here informed the court that he had no further evidence that he desired to offer, and asked the indulgenc3 of the court until to-morrow morning at 12 oclock to prepare his remarks explana tory of the evidence, which was granted. The court thereupon, at 12:30 oclock p. in., adjourned, to meet again to-morrow, the 19th instant, at 12 oclock m Page 47 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 47 WASHINGTON CITY, February 19, 18G112 rn. Court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members William 13. B. Cross, judge-advocate; Captain James Armstrong ako present. The record of yesterdays proceedings was then read over. Captain James Armstrong theti submitted to the court his explana- tory statement, in writing, which was read by his counsel, P. Phillips, esq. It is appended to this record, marked C. The court was then closed for deliberation, and it proceeded to a careful consideration of the testimony adduced, and was engaged thereon until 12:30 oclock p. in., when it adjourned, to meet to-morrow, Tuesday, February 20, 1861, at 9 oclock a. m. WASHINGTON CITY, February 20, 18619 a. rn. The court met pursuant to adjournment. Present, all the members; William B. B. Cross, judge-advocate. The court closed for deliberation, and having resumed the consider- ation of the testimony and evidence, determined as follows: The court having enq uired fully into the circumstances connected with the surrender by Captain James Armstrong, of the Navy, on the 12th of January, 1861, of his command and the public property under his charge at the navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., report herewith to the Navy Department the foregoing record of the testimony and evidence; and they further report the following as the material facts they deem to be established: That Captain James Armstrong on the 9th of January, 1861, being in command of the U. S. navy yard near Pensacola, Fla., received an order from the Navy Department directing him to be vigilant to pro- tect the public property and to cooperate with the commanding officer at Fort Barrancas, Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army; that at the date of the receipt of this order Captain Armstrong had under his command the following force: Thirty-eight marines, 80 men in ordinary, the steamer Wyandotte, carrying four 32-pounders and two Dahlgren how- itzers, with 72 men as crew, and the storeship Supply, carrying two 32-pounders and a crew of 36 men; that there was also in the yard a saluting battery of twenty-two 18-pounders and eight32-pounders,two 8-inch guns, and a howitzer; that all these guns in the yard were dis- mounted except the saluting battery, and thd howitzer was without elevating screw or ammunition; that the saluting battery was station- ary near the north gate; that its carriages were rotten and unfit for use, but the guns themselves were serviceable and could have been made efficient had due preparation been made for the defense of the yard; that on the 9th January, 1861, and prior thereto, Captaii~ Arm- strong and Lieutenants Slemmer and Gilman had interviews in regard to cooperating; that they agreed that Fort Pickens was the only point on the harbor that could be defended by the united forces of the Army and Navy then there; that~ Arnistrong agreed to give Lieutenant Slemmer aid in stores, men, and transportation over to Fort Pickens, and that the Wyandotte and Sipply should anchor near Fort Pickens to aid in its protection. And the court further find that on the 10th of January, 1861, Captain Armstrong transported the command of Lieuten- ant Sleinmer, consisting of forty-eight men, from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens, together with their garrison effects and some fieldpieces an Page 48 48 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 22,000 pounds of powder, and on the 11th of January sent from the yard thirty ordinary men to aid in the defense of Fort Pickens, and a lot of stores. The court also find that for many days prior to the 12th reliable rumors had prevailed at the yard and in its vicinity that State troops were coming to attack the yard; that no precautions of any character were taken by Captain Armstrong looking to a defense of the yard, except to increase the guard at one of the gates; that on the morn- ing of the 12th of January, 1861, a force came against the yard, consisting of seven companiesfive from Alabama and two from Floridamaking in all about 350 men, well armed but without artillery; that the surrender of the yard was then demanded by persons styling themselves commis- sioners of the State of Florida, and that soon thereafter, at 1: 30 oclock p. in., Captain Armstrong, without offering any resistance, surrendered the yard and public property thereat and all his command except the two vessels the Wyandotte and Supply and their crews and the thirty men in ordinary sent to Fort Pickens; that at the time of such surrender by Captain Armstrong the Supply was at Fort Pickens, within signal dis- tance, and the Wyandotte near the wharf in the yard, steam up, and that, although there were other approaches to the yard, the road by which the State troops came, as also the yard gate by which they en- tered, could be commanded by the guns of these vessels, properly sta- tioned in the bay. The court also, in respect of the propriety of the conduct of Captain Armstrong in the matter of this enquiry, report as their opinion that Commodore Armstrong was culpable in not taking any precautionary measures for the defense of his post and the public property thereat. They also think he had such a force under his command as should have induced a resistance on his part against the forces brought against him on the 12th of January. They are further of opinion, too, that having determined not to defend the yard, there was no reason why he should not have carried his men, with sueh public property as he could remove, to Fort Pickens, and what he could not remove have destroyed. GEG. W. STORER, Captain, U. S. Navy, President of the Court. WM. B. B. Cuoss, Judge-Advocate. There being no further business before them, the court adjourned sine die. GEO. W. STORER, Captain, U. S. Navy, President of the Court. WM. B. R. CROSS, Judge-Advocate. C. Captain Armstrong8 explanatory atatement. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Court: I took the command of the navy yard at Pensacola on the 30th October, 1860, being the first duty of the kind assigned me during my long service in the Navy. I was a stranger to all the officers I found there, and unfamiliar with the details of the particular service. On the 12th January, 1861, I surrendered the yard to commissioners acting under the authority of the State of Florida, supported by a large body of Alabama and Florida troops Page 49 OPERATIONS iN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 49 A circumstance so painful and unusual, whether considered in refer- ence to my own honor oito the interests of the public service, demanded, in my opinion, an authoritative investigation, and on my application to the Secretary of the Navy this court has been organized to report the facts, together with their opinion thereon. This enquiry has been made. All the officers in anywise connected with the yard, and within reach, have been examined byr the Govern- ment. The investigation has extended over a period of nine days. The minutest facts have been stated, and all the conversations con- nected therewith; and now, in the presence of all this evidence, I feel warranted in saying that no act or expression of mine, nay, more, no inference from such act or expression, is to be found in the volumi- nous record of this case which is in the least inconsistent with my good faith and fidelity as the commanding officer of the post. Shortly after my arrival at the yard I found that the Government had neglected to provide for the payment of the employ6s, and this continued to be the case up to the time of the surrender. I wrote and telegraphed the Department on the subject, but never received an answer. The excitement produced by this cause outside of the yard found vent in public meetings and strong resolutions. This was addi- tional fuel cast upon the fire of political discontent existing in the locality of the yard. Believing it proper to do what I could to remedy this evil, on the 10th of January I directed Paymaster Warrington to furnish such articles of provisions on hand sufficient to supply the immediate necessities of such of the employ6s of the navy yard as were suffering for the want of food in consequence of the failure to receive pay for their services during more than two months past. The disturbance which immediately preceded and followed the seces- sion of South Carolina on the 20th December, 1860, is well known. The States of Alabama and Florida most deeply sympathized in the movement, and this was also well understood; yet during the whole of this perilous period I was left without any instructions but such as are contained in the very brief letter of the 3d of January, 1861, received by me on the 9th of the same month, as follows: Be vigilant to protect the public property. The commanding officer at Fort Bar- rancas has been instructed to consult with you, and you will cooperate with him. Thus exposed to this double cause of excitement, my conference was held with Lieutenants Slemmer and Gilman on the morning of the 9th January, when we concurred in the conclusion that Fort Pickens was the only point which could be defended against any considerable force. Acting under these instructions, I immediately arranged to give Lieutenant Slemmer such aid as was in my power. In the evidence of Lieutenant Irwin it is stated that orders were given to him as executive officer of the Wyandotte on the same day, the 9th, the same being extended to the iSupply, to anchor off the Barrancas for the purpose of transporting the men and provisions collected there to Fort Pickens. He states further that, owing to an accident to the machinery of the Wyandotte, and a dense fog during the night of that day, they did not reach the Barrancas until early the next morning, when the duty assigned them was then performed, with the assistance of a lighter from the yard and two other boats, also from the yard, under the com- mand of Sailing Master Pearson, who transported 22,000 pounds of powder to Fort Pickens; that on the 11th they were engagid in trans- porting firewood, etc., from the Barrancas, and also provisions, which were landed early on the morning of the 12th, and that during this N W BVOL 4 Page 50 50 OPERATIONS TN THE GULF OF MEXICO. service he also carried over from the yard 30 of the ordinary men, 30 muskets, a quantity of caps, and 4,600 cartridges to aid in the defense of the fort. The formal orders* on this subject to Commander Walke and Lieutenant Berryman are spread upon the record. That I was anxious to supply Lieutenant Slemmer with all the aid in my power is shown by the evidence of Lieutenant Gilman, in which it is said that in the interview referred to I promised as many good men as could be spared, and mentioned fifty, when Commander Farrand said there could not be found more than thirty good, active young men; and he adds, During the discussion the commodore seemed anxious to furnish as much assistance as possible.~~ From the 9th to the time of the surrender the Wyandotte and Supply were in the service of Fort Pickens and cooperating with the com- mander of that post. The force left in the yard consisted, as stated by the witnesses, of thirty-eight marines all told, and about thirty ordinary men. There were no guns mounted save those of the saluting battery, which, as shown by the gunner, could not have been used to repel an attack. The yard itself, as is well known to the court, is not a fortified position, but depends alone upon the forts which command the entrance to the bay. The force to which the yard surrendered consisted of uniformed com- panies, one of them cavalry, and all well armed with rifled muskets and revolvers. The number has been variously estimated, the highest estimate being that of Paymaster Warrington, who states it as from 700 to 800, and the lowest places it at 300. Some of this discrepancy may be attributed to the fact that while certain witnesses speak of the whole force, including those sent to the magazine, others confine them- selves to the number who entered the yard at the time of the surren- der. Captain Watson, of the marines, who had good opportunity for judging, says 300 were quartered in the barracks, one company in the assistant surgeons house, and three or four companies, including one company of horse and one of artillery, went to the Barrancas, making in all 650. Averaging the several statements, and allowing for the company stated by Mr. Porter to have been sent to the magazine, it would give upward of 500. I had proposed to Commander Farrand to arm the ordinary men, but he objected on the ground that there were no cartridge boxes, and that if they were supplied with arms and ammunition, from their dissolute character they would be more dangerous to those inside of the yard than the persons without. The disaffection existing among the men is painted in strong colors by the witnesses, several of them stating they were satisfied I could not have obtained the assistani~e of one of the employ6s in defending the yard. There is only one witness who says that any information was com- municated to me in reference to any impending danger, and, without intending to raise any issue of veracity with Mr. Abert, I can only say I have no remembrance whatever of the conversation alleged by him to have been held with me on the night of the 11th January, and that I do not believe any such took place. Be this as it may, his communica- tion was confined to the expected arrival of troops that night at Pensa- cola. He says that what he heard made an impression on his mind that the yard would be attacked the next day, but that this impression was not communicated to me. I can truly say that there is nothing in the record to contradict it; that I did not know, and had no reason to believe, that the yard would * See pp. 11, 12, 13, 14 Page 51 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 51 be attacked prior to the day on which the surrender was made. I knew that outside of the yard was a hungry mob and much political excitement, but of the intention of marching upon the yard with a mil- itary force I was wholly ignorant. Rumors were abundant, but so contradictory I knew not what to believe. The condition of things was so anomalous experience shed no light upon the judgment. To add to my embarrassments I was surrounded by officers who were strangers to me. To the suggestion of Lieutenant Slemmer that my officers were badly affected toward the Government I replied I thought he was mis- taken. I had seen nothing in their conduct to warrant an opposite conclusion. How far the evidence now given may show that in this I was deceived I leave the court to consider. It is too painful a subject for me to comment upon. It was under such circumstances that about 1 oclock on Saturday, the 12th January, I was informed by a messenger that some gentlemen desired to see me at my office. There I was introduced by Commander Farrand to Mr. Campbell and Captain Randolph, who informed me that they had come with a large force in the name of the State of Florida to demand an immediate and unconditional surrender of the yard, with orders if they were refused to take the same by force of arms, and that they had already taken possession of the magazine. The statement was that the force at the gate consisted of a full regiment of men, well armed, and this was corroborated by Mr. Farrand. I thus found myself a prisoner before I knew I should be attacked. The issue thus sud- denly presented to me was a bloody and bootless resistance or a sur- render, and I accepted the latter alternative under a written stipulation that all who were attached to the station should be permitted to remove with their families and property at any time. In judging of this transaction it must be remembered that this was the first time in the history of our country that hostility to the Govern- ment ever appeared in armed force, organized nuder State authority and acting under the forms of law. Nor can we ignore the fact that from the commencement of these difficulties the Presidents messages and the whole tone of public opinion as expressed through the various channels of communication spoke but one voicethat civil war should be avoided at all cost, and that the spilling of blood in such a strife would obliterate forever all hope of restoring the Government to its integrity. Independently, therefore, of the disparity of force, and however willing I may have been under ordinary circumstances to sacrifice my own life and that of my small band in vindication of the honor of the flag, the policy of the Government, as I understood it, in treating this peculiar condition of affairs lent its strong influence in bringing me to the conclusion I adopted. To condemn this act of mine would be to reprobate the whole course of the Government from the commencement of these troubles to the present time. There stands Fort Pickens to day in the condition in which I left it; the secessionists hold the other forts and yard by military power; a fleet of Government vessels are outside of the bay, but they do not go in, says Lieutenant Gilman, because of an armistice between the Government and the State authorities. It is true I might have adopted the suggestion made by Lieutenant Erben on the evening of the 11th to destroy the ammunition, but in doing this I would have acted on mere apprehension of an attack by a resistless force. There were then no troops in the vicinity. It wa Page 52 52 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. only expected they would arrive that night at Pensacola. What, if I had destroyed my ammunition and the troops had not arrived and no attack Ibeen] made, would have been my condition ~ My instructions were to protect the public property, and if, under the circumstances last supposed, I had destroyed it I should have found great difficulty in attempting to sustain my action by alleging mere rumors, which the result showed were baseless. So it may be said that I could have removed the public property, and this certainly could have been done if timely notice and the necessary means had been possessed; but, as before stated, I had no reason to believe that any such attack would be made in time to effect such removal, and from the 9th to the period of surrender the Wyandotte and AStjpply were in the service of Fort Pickens, and were there when the surrender was made. I could not believe that a surrender of the yard would be demanded in the name of the State of Florida, at least until that State had thrown off its allegiance, and this was not done until the 10th of January, the news of which only reached Pensacola on the evening of the 11th. It may be proper to state that the Wyandotte came in to procure her smokestack, when it was ascertained that she required other necessary repairs. For this purpose, under orders from the proper Department, she was hauled out and the repairs made. She was got out of the dock on Tuesday, the 8th of January, took in her powder on the 9th, and from that time to the close of my command was cooperating with the fort. The Supply was sent in for provisions and coal, under special instruc- tions that she was not to be detained but sent directly back. Hence in my letter to Lieutenant Slemmer under date of the 11th January I state: The U. S. storeship Sujp~y was sent to Fort Pickens by my order merely to convey the provisions you required and then to return to the navy yard. The Sapp~y is not a vessel of war, and having been sent to this station for the special service of con- veying stores and coal to Vera Crnz for the vessels of the Home Squadron stationed there, it is my duty to dispatch her to that port at the earliest moment practicable, in conformity with the orders I have received from the Navy Department, from which orders I can not deviate further. The steamer Wyandotte may be retained for the purpose of cooperating with you until further orders. On the 12th January I wrote to Lieutenant Berryman: You will continue to cooperate with the commanding officer at Fort Pickens, but should an attack be made you will not fire a gun unless it may be actually necessary iu defense of the vessel under your command. In the event of the capture of the fort you will proceed immediately to the station to which you have been ordered by the Navy Department. It is reported this navy yard is sifrrounded by armed men. This letter was written by my secretary, and signed by me when in a disturbed state of mind. I find that it may bear a construction not intended by me, and be made inconsistent with itself; for after order- ing that the Wyandotte should cooperate with the commander at Fort Pickens, Lieutenant Berryman is directed not to fire a gun unless in the defense of the vessel under his command. It is clear that if the fort was attacked and the Wyandotte did not assist in the defense she would not cooperate as she was directed to do. She was by my order attached to the service of the fort, and was part and parcel thereof while she so remained. What I intended by the remark unless actually necessary in the defense of the vessel under your command was not to draw a distinction between firing on the fort and firing on the vessel, for this I regarded as one and the same thing; but that th Page 53 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 53 first shot should not come from the Wyandotte. In other words, I desired that if civil war was inaugurated it should not be said that it was commenced by my orders. This, however, I do not regard as involved in the enquiry which this court has been directed to consider, to wit, the surrender of my com- mand and the public property under my charge. It has no bearing, it seems to me, upon the question whether that surrender under the cir- cumstances was proper or improper. But a few observations more. I have already stated that I do not believe that any such conversation was had with me as stated by Mr. Abert. In one other particular there is a mistake in the evidence of Captain Watson when he speaks of my delivering the keys of the magazine to the commissioner of the State of Florida at an interview subsequent to the surrender. I do not know that this is material, but the truth is that the keys were delivered by me at the time the surren- der took place, and when this was done Captain Watson was not present. He is, therefore, in this clearly mistaken. Among the papers sent by me to the Department accompanied with my report was the pass or safe conduct sent to me by Captain Randolph, in which it is recited that I had given my parole not to bear arms against the State of Florida. This paper was handed to me as a pass- port when on the steamboat on the eve of departure from Pensacola, and was not read by me until some time on my journey. The statement thus recited is not true in point of fact. The terms of capitulation speak for themselves; all persons who desired were to be allowed to remove with their families or property or to remain on their parole of honor. Jn conclusion I may say that it is more than I have a right to expect that no errors of judgment on my part should be found while passing through the troubled scenes of this extraordinary event; but I feel safe in the consciousness that I have discharged my duty to the best of my ability, with an eye single to what I believed was for the good of the country. During my long career as an officer I have never been visited with the slightest mark of disapprobation on the part of my Govern- ment. To courts I am entirely a stranger. By always promptly dis- charging my duty I have never had occasion to learn the means by which its neglect might be excused. I can, then, with entire confidence leave my honor to this tribunal, composed of officers who are my peers, expressing to them my unfeigned thanks for their patient attention, and to the judge-advocate for the courtesy and candor which have characterized his conduct in this investigation. JAS. ARM8TRONc~, Captain, U. S. Navy. NAvAL GENERAL NAVY DEPARTMENT, ORDER. 5 April 24, 18G1. At a naval general court-martial convened in the city of Washington on the 12th day of March, 1861, Captain James Armstrong, of the Navy, was tried on the following charges and specifications, preferred against him by the Secretary of the Navy: CHARGE 1: Neglect of duty. Specification 1.In this, that the said Captain James Armstrong, being on the 12th day of January, 1861, in command of the U. S. navy yard at Warrington, State of Florida, and a naval force thereat adequate to the defense of said yard, did then and there, on the demand of commis~ionere of the State of Florida, supported by a miii Page 54 54 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. tary force from the States of Alabama and Florida, surrender to them without resist- ance said yard, the public property thereat and a command. , portion of the force under his Specification ~.In this, that the said Captain James Armstrong, being on the 7th day of January, or thereabout, 1861, in command of the U. S. navy yard at Warring- ton, State of Florida, and the naval forces thereat, and having reason to appre- hend the approach of hostile force, did then and there, and at all times subsequent thereto to the 12th day of January, inclusive, 1861, fail to take the ordinary and proper measures for the defense of said yard and the public property thereat. Specification 3.In this, that the said Captain James Armstrong, being on the 9th day of January, 1861, in command as set forth in the last preceding specification, did then and there, and at all times subsequent thereto to the 12th day of January, 1861, neglect to remove to Fort Pickens or other place of safety the men under his command, and munitions of war and other public property in his charge, or the latter to destroy, although at the time aforesaid be was in constant expectation of the approach of a hostile force which he believcd hc could not, with the forces under his command, successfully resist. CHARGE 2: Disobedience of orders and conduct unbecoming an officer. Specification 1.In this, that the said Captain James Armstrong, [being] on the 9th day of January, 1861, in command of the U. S. navy yard at Warrington, Fla., and the naval forces thereat, and in charge of the public property attached thereto and in receipt also at that time of an order from the Secretary of the Navy, dated January 3, 1861, of the tenor following: Be vigilant to protect the public property. The com- manding officer at Fort Barrancas has been instructed to consult with you. You will cooperate with him, did then and there, and at [all] times subsequent thereto to the 12th of January, 1861, in violation of said order, neglect to send the marines and other men under his command to Fort Pickens to cooperate in the defense thereof, and to remove to a place of safety the public property in his charge, or to take any measures or to practice any vigilance for the protection of said navy yard and the public property attached thereto, except to double the guard at one of the gates of said yard. Specification 3.In this, that the said Captain James Armstrong, being in command of the U. S. navy yard at Warrington, Fla., and the naval force thereat, and under instructions from the Secretary of the Navy directing him to be vigilant to protect the public property and to cooperate with the commanding officer at Fort Barrancas, who was Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Ar my, did on the 10th day of January, 1861, then and there, in accordance with an understanding previously had with Lieutenant Slemmer, dispatch the steamer Wyandotte to aid him, Lieutenant Slemmer, in the defense of his post, Fort Pickens, Fla., to which he, Lieutenant Slemmer, had removed; and thereafter, to wit, on the 12th day of January, 1861, the said Captain James Armstrong, in violation of such understanding and his instructions, issued, without the knowledge of Lieutenant Slemmer, to Lieutenant 0. H. Berryman, commanding said steamer, an order of the following tenor: You will continue to cooperate with the commanding officer at Fort Pickens, but should an attack be made you will not fire a gun unless it be actually necessary in the defense of the vessel under your command. In the event of the capture of the fort you will proceed immediately to the station to which you have been ordered by the Navy Department. It is reported that the yard is surrounded by armed men. Upon these charges and specifications th~ finding of the conrt is in the following terms: The court, having maturely considered the whole case, with the evidence and the defense aforesaid, find as follows: 1. That the first specification of the first charge against the said Captain James Armstrong is proved, except as to the words in said specification adequate to a defense of said yard. 2. That the second specification of the first charge against the said Captain James Armstrong is proved. 3. That the third specification of the first charge is proved, except that the accused did remove or send to Fort Pickens thirty men (a part of his command), thirty mus- kets, and some ammunition and a barge load of provisions. And the court thereupon further find that the said Captain James Armstrong is guilty of the first charge of neglect of duty. And the court doth further find that the first specification of the second charge against the accused is proved, except that thirty men (a part of his command) were sent by the said Captain James Armstrong to cooperate in the defense of Fort Pickens. And they further find 2. That the second specification of the second charge is proved. And thereupon the court find the said Captain James Armstrong to be guilty of the second charge of disobedience of orders and conduct unbecoming an officer Page 55 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 55 And the sentence of the court is That the said Captain James Armstrong be suspended from duty for the term of five years, with loss of pay for the first half of said term, and be reprimanded by the honorable Secretary of the Navy in general orders. I have approved the sentence and Captain James Armstrong will accordingly be suspended from duty for the term of five years from this date, with loss of pay for the first half of the said term. In carrying into execution that part of the sentence which directs that Captain Armstrong be reprimanded in general orders I have a painful duty to perform. The sentence in this case might be consid. ered severe without the addition of a reprimand; but a court composed of officers of the highest rank and most experienced in the service has deemed otherwise, and its judgment can not but be approved. The misconduct, indeed, which led to this trial does not affect alone the reputation and discipline of the naval service, but the interests of the whole people; and the age and length of service of the officer who has been found guilty of dereliction of duty under such circumstances, instead of constituting any claim [to] lenity, only render it the more imperative that the discipline of the service should be vindicated. It was the duty of Captain Armstrong, as the commanding officer of the naval force at Pensacolaa duty which he could not but know was expressly and strictly enjoined on him by lawto show in himself a good example of patriotism, as well as to be vigilant in inspect. ing the conduct of those under his command. Whatever the embar- rassments of his position may have been, an earnest patriotism would have taught him to make the best possible use of all the resources at his disposal, adequate or inadequate, and to have imparted zeal by his example to those around him, instead of suffering the promptings of loyalty to be checked either by any speculations or conjectures of his own or any suggestions from others, as to the possible views and designs of superiors in office. Had he discharged his duty with stern fidelity he might have disappointed some, but, as events have recently shown in the case of another officer placed in similar circumstances, he would have been upheld by the applause of his fellow-countrymen aiid the respect even of antagonists. The safest as well as the most honorable course for every individual in the public service, whether commander or subordinate, is to be true to the flag of his country, no matter what dangers or difficulties encompass it. This general order will be promulgated as usual at all the naval sta- tions and on board of all vessels of the Navy in commission. GIDEON YTELL~S, & cretary of the Navy. GENERAL NAVAL NAVY DEPARTMENT, ORDER. 5 April 24, 1861. A naval general court.martial, consisting of a full complement of offi- cers in the highest rank in the service, was recently convened in the city of Washington for the trial of Captain James Armstrong, of the Navy, on charges growing out of his surrender of the navy yard at Warrington, Fla. Before the court separated the members of it addressed a communi- cation to the Navy Department of which the following is a copy: WASHINGTON, D. C., April 8, 1861. The president and members and judge-advocate of the court lately held in the city of Washington, D. C., for the trial of Commodore Armstrong beg leave respectfull Page 56 56 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. to submit to the honorable Secretary of the Navy the propriety, justice, and good policy of bestowing some appropriate mark of its approbation of the loyalty, spirit, and good conduct of William Conway, a quartermaster of the Navy on duty in the navy yard at Warrington, Fla., when the same was surrendered on the 12th January, 1861, who with manly pride and in a spirit of patriotic devotion refused to obey the order to haul down the national flag on the occasion of said surrender. The evidence of this honorable devotion to the dignity and credit of the flag of his country is found in the record of the testimony in Commodore Armstrongs case. Respectfully submitted, by order of the court. A. B. MAGRUDER, Judge-Advocate. It appears from the testimony taken in Captain Armstrongs case that William Conway, an aged seaman doing duty as quartermaster in the Warrington [Pensacola] navy yard at the time of its surrender, when ordered by Lieutenant F. B. Renshaw to haul down the national flag promptly and indignantly refused to obey the order. The love and reverence thus impulsively exhibited for his countrys flag in the hour of its peril is not the less worthy of being called noble and chivalric because displayed by one in an humble station. It is the more deserving of commemoration, for subordinates in the service are not usually expected to set examples of patriotism and fidelity in their trusts, but to follow them. The Department deems it no more than strict justice to William Con- way that this testimonial from the court in his behalf should be made known throughout the service. It therefore directs that this general order be publicly read as early as practicable after its receipt by the commanders of all naval stations and all vessels in the Navy in commis- sion, in the presence of the officers and men under their command. GIDEON WELLES, AS~ecretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag-Officer KoRean, U. S. Navy, commanding Gulf Blockading Squadron, for the transmission of gold medal to Quartermaster William Con- way, U. S Navy, and communications relative thereto. NAVY DEPARTMENT, November 11, 1861. Sin: I herewith transmit a letter from the Department to William Conway, who is on board of one of the vessels of your squadron, together with a gold medal presented to him by his countrymen in California as a testimonial of their appreciation of his conduct in refusing to haul down the flag of his country at the surrender of the navy yard at Pen- sacola to the rebels on the 12th of January, 1861. A copy of the letter addressed to William Conway by the citizens who presented the medal, and of the letter of Major-General ilalleck, the bearer of it to the Department, are also transmitted. You will be pleased to have the medal handed to William Conway on the quarter-deck of the vessel to which he belongs, and in the presence of the officers and crew thereof, and the correspondence read at the same time. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Flag-Officer WILLIAM W. MOKEAN, Commanding Gulf Blockading squadron, Key West, Na Page 57 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 67 [Enclosures.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, November 11, 1861. [Sm:] It gives me pleasure to cause to be delivered to you the accom- panying letter and gold medal from your countrymen in California, presented to you as a testimonial of their high appreciation of your noble and patriotic conduct in refusing to haul down the flag of your country when others (your superiors in position) were wanting in fidelty to it. I also forward a copy of the letter of Major-General ilalleck, who was selected as the bearer of these testimonials, and by his request I have directed them to be transmitted to you, which you will please accept with the assurance of my regard. Very respectfully, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy~ WILLIAM CONWAY, U. S. Gulf Blockading Squadron. WASHINGTON, ID. C., November 6, 1861. SIR: I have received from certain citizens of California the accom- panying letter and medal, to be delivered to Mr. William Conway, quar. termaster, U. S. Navy, as a mark of their appreciation of his noble conduct in refusing to haul down the flag of his country; but as I am unable to see Mr. Conway personally I respectfully request they may be transmitted to him by the Navy Department. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. HALLEOR, Major-General, U. S. Army. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy SAN FRANCISCO, September 20, 1861. DEAR SIR: The undersigned, citizens of California from New Eng- land, have read with pride and gratification the story of your brave and patriotic refusal to haul down the flag of our country. As a mark of our appreciation of your conduct, we request you to accept the accompanying medal of California gold, together with our best wishes for your prosperity and happiness. F. W. BROOKS. HENRY L. DODGE. F. A. FABENT. H. F. CUTTER. W. T. REYNOLDS. HENRY F. TESOHEMASOHER. GEO. J. BROOKS. GEO. H. FAULKNER. Mr. WILLIAM CONWAY, [And 140 others.] Quartermaster, U. S. Navy Page 58 58 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXiCO. Confederate correspondence relative to Pensacola navy yard. Order of Colonel Chase, commanding Florida forces, appointing Captain Randolph commandant Pensacola navy yard. HEADQUARTERS, Pensacola, January 12, 1861. DEAR CAPTAIN: Your dispatcli received. You are hereby appointed commandant of the navy yard, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly. Very respectfully, WM. II. CHASE, Commanding Forces of Florida. Captain VICTOR [M.] RANDOLPH, State Navy Yard, Warrington. If Farrand has resigned, wont he help put Fort Barrancas in order i Letter from Colonel Chase, commanding Florida forces, to Captain Randolph, commandant navy yard, Pensacola, regarding defense of that yard. HEADQUARTERS, Pensacola, January 12, 1861. DEAR SIR: Can you erect any batteries at the yard in case of an attack from the steam frigate entering tlie harbor ~ I wrote to Colonel Lomax to prevent the pilots from going out to any vessel of war on the steamer Star of the West with troops. Advise Colonel Lomax what to do. I am overcome with fatigue. If you cant hold the position on Fort Barrancas, you and Lomax must secure your retreat. The Fultons guns could be used in battery. Could they not be thrown up to-night ~ I confide in you to do the best you can. You can be of great service to Lomax. The company expected to.night will be ordered down immediately. Those reenforcements from Mobile will arrive tomorrow night. I have ordered two companies from Sparta and Greenville. How many muskets have you in the army~ In haste, yours, W. H. CHASE. Captain VICTOR [M.] RANDOLPH, Commandant State Navy Yard, Warrington. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, No. 3. 5 January 13, 1861. A flag will be displayed at the navy yard, forts, bar racks, and hos- pital in this harbor in possession of the States troops. The flags hoisted for the first time at the respective stations will be saluted with thirteen guns. Those at Fort Barrancas and barracks by the battery of the fort. Those at the navy yard and hospital by the battery at the navy yard. Until otherwise ordained by the people of Florida assembled in con- vention the emblems of the flag will be thirteen stripes, alternate re Page 59 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 59 and white, commencing with the red, a blue field, with a large white star in the center. W. II. CHASE, Aid-de-Camjp to the Governor, Colonel Commanding. By authority: RICHARD L. CAMP]3ELL, Aid-de- Camp to Colonel Commanding. Permit of Captain Randolph, late U. S. Navy, commanding navy yard, Pensacola, to Lieutenant Jouett, U. S. Navy. PENSACOLA NAvY YARD, January 16, 1861. Lieutenant James E. Jouett, of the U. S. Navy, having given his parole of honor not to bear arms against the State of Florida, has per- mission to leave this place with his private property without hindrance or molestation. F. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Commanding Pensacola Navy Yard. Order of Colonel Chase, late U. S. Army, commanding forces of Florida, to Captain Randolph, late U. S. Navy, commanding navy yard, Pensacola. HEADQUARTERS, January 18, 1861. SIR: You will place two 18.pounders in battery opposite the small north postern, at about 100 yards distant. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. H. CHASE, Colonel, Commanding Forces of Florida. Captaiu V. M. RANDOLPH, Commanding Navy Yard, Warrington. Letter from Victor K. Randolph, late captain, U. S. Navy, to governor of Florida, requesting commission and assignment to duty at Pensacola navy yard. PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 18, 1861. SIR: On the 10th of January, 1861, I resigned my commission as captain in the U. S. Navy, and immediately proceeded to Pensacola, Fla., and offered my services to Colonel William H. Chase, who gave me temporary command of this navy yard and station. I request to be commissioned by yourself and the legislature of the State as a captain in the navy of Florida, and commanding officer of the navy yard and station of Pensacola. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, VICTOR M. RANDOLPH. His Excellency M. S. PERRY, Governor of the Sovereign State of Florida. Special order of Colonel Chase, late U. S. Army, commanding Pensacola district, expressing thanks t~ volunteer company from Apalachicola, Fla. SPECIAL ORDERS.] HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, January 29, 1861. The company of volunteers from Apalachicola under the command of Captain Edwards having promptly repaired to Pensacola, but wlthou Page 60 60 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. the orders of the governor of the State, and upon their own charge for transportation, provisions, etc., without expense to the State, and as they are now desirous of returning home, seeing that there is but little prospect of a collision of arms, the colonel commanding the forces of the district has seen proper to order, and he does now order, that Cap- tain Edwards have honorable leave to return to Apalachicola. In taking leave of Captain Edwards and his company the colonel commanding tenders to him and them his warm thanks for the zeal, spirit, and promptness in marching to Pensacola, where their services might have been of much value. The colonel commanding will not fail to report this excellent conduct of Captain Edwards and his company to his excellency the governor of Florida. WM. II. CHASE, Colonel Commanding. Captain RANDOLPH, Commanding Navy Yard. Letter from Lieutenant Renshaw, late U. S. Navy, to the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting matter for publication regarding surrender of Pensacola navy yard. NAVY YARD, PENSACOLA, January 29, 1861. Sm: I respectfully beg leave that the enclosed letter may be filed in the Navy Department. Captain Samuel Barron, U. S. Navy, has kindly offered to take charge of this communication to you. Respectfully, your obedient servant, F. B. RENSHAW, Late Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. Hon. I. TOUCEY, Secretary Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 29, 1861. SIR: I have seen in your paper of the 23d instant a statement which justice to myself, as well as the naval service of the United States, which I had the honor of serving for thirty-three years, requires me promptly to request to correct. The statement referred to recites that the Navy Department had received the resignation of Commander Farrand, who was attached to the Pensacola navy yard, and who was among those who in the name of Florida demanded its surrender, and also that of Lieutenant Ren- shaw, who gave the order to haul down the flag of the Union. I submit the following true record of the proceedings which attended and resulted in the surrender of this navy yard to the authorities of ehe State of Florida, and I rely upon your sense of right to do me jus- tice by its publication in your columns. On the 12th instant Flag-Officer Armstrong, then commandant of the station, was informed that a commission appointed by the governor of Florida, with a regiment of armed men, were at the navy-yard gate demanding the surrender of the place. Flag-Officer Armstrong directed Commander Farrand, the executive officer of the yard, to conduct the commissioners to his office. The commissioners came accordingly, escorted by Commander Farrand. Colonel Lomax, the commanding officer of the forces on the expedition, with his staff, were then senV fo Page 61 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 61 and conducted to the flag-officers office by Commander Farrand to meet the commissioners, when they presented their credentials to Flag- Officer Armstrong, informing him that they had already taken posses- sion of the magazine, situated about a third of a mile distant from the yard, and demanded the immediate surrender of the navy yard and the public property therein. The veteran commodore declared with deep emotion that although he had served under the flag of the United States in sunshine and in storm for fifty years, loving and cherishing it as he did his hearts blood, he would strike it now, together with the blue pennant, the insignia of his present command, rather than fire a gun or raise his sword against his countrymen, especially in circumstances like the present, when he was without means of defending his position and when an attempt to do so would result in a useless loss of life and destruction of property. He accordingly ordered the executive officer, Commander Farrand, to cause the flag of the United States and the blue pennant to be hauled down. The order was passed in accordance with usage in the naval service to the senior lieutenant (myself), under whose direction the time.honored flags were hauled down. The descent was witnessed by none in whose heart the regret and grief at the fate of our long-beloved Union were more deeply felt than in mine. I now became a prisoner on parole and remained so for several days, when I resigned my commission in the U. S. Navy, which I have held as a lieutenant for twenty years, and tendered my services to the sovereign State of Florida, with whose destiny, whether it be bright or adverse, I am fully identified. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. B. BENSHAW, Late Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. The EDITOR NEW YoRK HERALD. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy of the Confederate States to Hon. C. E. Conrad, K. C., relative to the capture of Pensacola navy yard. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, Navy Department, Montgomery, May 13, 1861. SIR: The Warrington navy yard was captured by the Florida forces on the 12th day of January, 1861. Possession thereof passed at once to the State of Florida, and under the authority of Colonel Chase, commanding the State forces, the mechanics, laborers, and other employ6s of the yard w~ere retained and continued in their several places, employments, and labors. These men, who have acted with fidelity and zeal in sustaining the interests of the State and of this Confederacy, have not only lost all their pay that was due from the United States for the previous month, but they have received nothing, I am informed, for their services after the surrender of the yard and up to the 25th day of March, when this Department detailed its officers to it. I can not doubt that justice, wisdom, and policy dictate that these men should be paid, and I therefore submit the facts, and also an esti- mate of the amount due, $12,857.22. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. R. MALLORY, Secretary of the Navy. Hon. CHARLES M. CONRAD, Chairman Naval Committee Page 62 62 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Enclosure.] Estimate of funds required to pay the officers, clerks, mechanics, laborers, watchmen, and other ensploy6s at the navy yard, Warrinyton, from the 12th day of January, 1861, to the 24th day of Alarch, 1861, inclusive. For the pay of officers $2, 753.74 Clerks, mechanics, laborers, watchmen, an4 other employ6s 10, 103.48 Total 12,857,22 [Telegram.] PORTSMOUTH, N. II., January 14, 1861. January 13.Could not sail yesterday. Expect to sail to-day. J. GLYNN. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Report of Captain Wynn, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship ]Jfacedonian, of the departure of that vessel for sea in obedience to Departments orders. U. S. Snip MACEDONIAN, January 13, 1861. SIR: The ]ifacedonian is at sea before she is all ready, but in obedi- ence to your repeated telegraphic orders. It is due to the officers and crew to say that they have been exposed to a very intense degree of cold within a few days and have labored cheerfully under disadvan- tages. Repeatedly during this time the mechanics in the yard have not been mustered in consequence of the cold. The thermometer was 90 below zero this morning. A number of the men are frost-bitten, and one more, chilled by the cold, was required to be helped down from aloft. The ship is in confusion fore and aft, and were it necessary for her to go into action in this condition she might be captured by a vessel of half her force. We have not been able to do much more than quarter the men. The necessity is presumed to be urgent, and no effort shall be withheld to execute my orders in the shortest time; but the facts as stated above I feel should be placed upon the records of the Navy Department in event of any untoward consequences. There has been no time within the last week that the pilot would have taken the ship to sea before to-day. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES G-LYNN, Captain. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Commander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Sup- ply, to Paymaster Dunn, U. S. Yavy, of that vessel, regarding rations. U. S. STORESHIP SUPPLY, Navy Yard, Warrington, January 14,1861. SIR: Below you will find a list of the number of marines, ordinary men, warrant officers and their families, and mechanics from this nav Page 63 OPERATIONS IN THE GULP OF MEXICO. 63 yard to whom you will issue the regular navy ration from this date until such time as they may be landed from this ship at New York or some other Northern port, viz: James [M.] Cooper, gunner, U. S. Navy, wife and 5 children. Robert Dixon, boatswain, U. S. Navy, wife and 2 children. Ladies and children 14 Mechanics employed in the navy yard 11 Warrant officers Men sent from naval hospital, Warrington 9 Ordinary men from navy yard, Warrington 27 Marines from the navy-yard barracks, Warrington 34 Total Very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY WALKE, Commander, U. S. Navy. E. W. DUNN, Paymaster, U. S. Navy, U. S. Ship Supply. Report of ~omrnander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, transmitting letter from the commanding officer of Port Pickens to Colonel Chase, commissioner for State of Florida, regarding hostilities. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, February 4, 1861. SIR: The following is a copy of a letter sent by the officers in com- mand of Fort Pickens to Colonel William II. Chase, commissioner for the State of Florida, after consultation with the Government officers in the harbor of Pensacola. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY WALKE, Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosure.] FORT PICKENS, PENSACOLA HARBOR, January 16, 1861. SIR: Under the orders we now have from the War Department we have decided, after consultation with the Government officers in the harbor, that it is our duty to hold our position until such a force is brought against us as to render it impossible to defend it, or until the political condition of the country is such as to induce us to surrender the public property in our keeping to such authorities as may be dele- gated legally to receive it. We deprecate as much as you or any individual can the present con- dition of affairs or the shedding of the blood of our brethren. In regard to this matter, however, we must consider you the aggressors, and if blood should be shed that you are responsible therefor. By order of A. J. Slemmer, first lieutenant, First Artillery, com- manding: J. H. GILMAN, Second Lieutenant, First Artillery, Acting Post Adjutant of Post. Colonel WILLIAM H. CHASE, Commissioner for the State of Florida Page 64 64 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Commander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, of intended departure of that vessel for New York, carrying paroled men from Pensacola navy yard. U. S. STORESHIP SUPPLY, Off Warrington Navy Yard, January 16, 1861. SIR: The U. S. navy yard at Warrington, Pia., having surrendered to the authorities of the State on the 12th January, I put to sea in tow of the steamer Wyandotte, and on the day following, as this ship had not received her cargo, I returned with the same under a flag of truce for the purpose of transporting the marines, seamen, and officers (on parole) who were destitute of pay or provisions to the North, from whence they had been employed. They had not received their pay for two or three months, and were entirely without means. I have taken on board all who have a claim on the Government for its protection, and intend to sail this morning for New York. I leave the Wyandotte here under orders from Commandant Arm- strong to render all the assistance he can to the United States troops that are now occupying Fort Pickens, until the fort is surrendered. I shall transmit to you a descriptive list of the passengers, their em- ployments, etc. Trusting that my action in this matter may meet your approbation, I have the honor to be, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, H. WALKE, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to commanding officers of U. S. ships Sabine and St. Louis. FLAGSHIP POWUATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 18, 1861. SIR: You will please prepare your ship for sea, as I have orders* for you to proceed to Pensacola and report to the honorable the Secretary of the Navy. Thform me when you are ready and I will give you your final orders. Very respectfully, G. ~ PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Home Squadron. Captain ADAMS, Sabine. Captain PooR, St. Louis. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant ]Jfaffitt, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 18, 1861. SIR: On the receipt hereof you will proceed, with the Crusader under your command, immediately to the navy yard at New York. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOtICEY, [Secretary of the Navyj Lieutenant JOHN N. MAFFITT, Commanding U. S. S. Crusader, Key West, Fla. * See pp. 5,9 Page 65 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 65 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 18, 1861. SIR: On the receipt hereof you will proceed, with the Wyandotte under your command, immediately to the navy yard at New York. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOTJOEY, Lieutenant 0. II. BERRYMAN, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, Key West, Eta. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Craven U. S. Nay commanding U. S. S. Mohawk. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 18, 1861. SIR: On the receipt hereof you will proceed, with the Mohawk under your command, immediately to the navy yard at New York. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, Lieutenant T. A. M. CRAVEN, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, Key West, Eta. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, regarding means of communication, and requesting ordnance stores. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Key West, January 20, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that the distracted state of affairs here has constrained me to remain at this place to aid in the defense of Fort Taylor against a threatened attack. I have received no mail from the North for one month, and would call your attention to the fact that regular communication is cut off; and I would advise that all orders from the Department be addressed to me through our consul at Havana. By a vessel sailing at short notice I send this letter to Cuba to advise you that I am in want of guns and ammunition, and if you approve of my suggestion will you instruct the bureau to forward to me by the first vessel from New York the following-named stores: Two 32-pounders of 33 cwt., an addition to my battery which the ship will easily carry; 100 rounds of ammunition for the above guns; 100 rounds for 24-pounder howitzer; ~i0 rounds for 12-pounder howitzer. I place these matters before you under the knowledge that the Gov- ernment has sent troops to the Tortugas, and the orders of the com- manding officer have been exhibited to me. I am happy to state that with one exception the officers of my ship are loyal and true to the Federal Government. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AUGS. CRAVEN, Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. N W BVOL 4 Page 66 66 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report #ff Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding movements of U. S. ships Sabine and St. Louis. FLAGSHIP POWUATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 21, 1861. SIR:J have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your orders, under date of the 24th of December and 9th of January, directing me to send the Sabine and St. Louis to Pensacola. In obedience to those orders the Sabine and St. Louis will sail from this place in a day or two, or as soon as money can be procured to pay their bills. I send this letter by a Spanish vessel of war, by the way of Havana, and a duplicate by the Tennessee. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, C-. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY Secretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Barron, U. S. Navy, to proceed to Fortress Monroe and Pensacola as bearer of dispatches. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 21, 1861. SIR: Herewith you will receive a confidential dispatch addressed to Captaiu William S. Walker, commanding the U. S. steam sloop Brook- ly n, with which you will proceed to Old Point Comfort and deliver to that officer. You will afterwards proceed immediately to Pensacola, Fla., and on your arrival there will put yourself in communication with the com- manding officer of Fort Pickens. You will also take such steps as you may deem best to communicate with any vessels of the U. S. Navy that may be coming to the navy yard at Pensacola, and warn them not to enter the harbor, but to remain outside until the Department may otherwise direct. The Navy agent at Washington will be authorized to advance you $200 for traveling expenses. You will also take charge of the dispatches that the Secretary of War may have to send to the commanding officer at Fortress Monroe and deliver them on your arrival at Old Point Comforts I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Captain SAMUEL BARRON, U. S. Navy, Washington. P. S.After completing this duty you will return to Washington. [Enclosure.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 21, 1861. SIR: You will immediately proceed, with the U. S. steam sloop Brook- lyn under your command, to Fortress Monroe, and there receive on board that vessel such United States troops as the War Department may designate, and convey them to Fort Pickens, in Florida. You will also receive on board, if practicable, the guns and gun carriages whic Page 67 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 67 the commanding officer at Fortress Monroe has been directed to send to Fort Jefferson at Tortugas, and land them at that place en route to Fort Pickens. You will not enter the harbor of Pensacola, and will land the troops outside, as near Fort Pickens as may be practicable, and then remain in that vicinity for the purpose of cooperating in the defense of the fort in case of an attack upon it. You will remain off Pensacola harbor until otherwise instructed by the Department, and act strictly on the defensive. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Captain WILLIAM S. WALKER, Commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, Hampton Roads, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commanding officers of United States vessels off Pensacola, Fla., regarding defense of Port Piekens. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 21, 1861. SIR: After receiving this you will not enter Pensacola harbor, but remain outside and cooperate in defending Fort Pickens in case of an assault upon it, and will at all times act strictly on the defensive. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, [I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy.] Captain JAMES C-LYNN, Commanding U. S. Ship Macedon,ian, off Pensacola, Fla. Captain HENRY A. ADAMS, Commanding U. S. Ship Sabine, off Pensacola, Fla. Commander CHARLES H. POOR, Commanding U. S. Sloop of War St. Louis,Home Squadron, Florida. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding means of communication with the Department. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 21, 1861. SIR: I beg leave to state to the Department that I apprehend diffi- culties in regard to the dispatches of the Department reaching me by the way of New Orleans and my dispatches reaching the Department. I would therefore respectfully recommend that duplicates be sent by the way of Havana, in care of the American consul-general, Mr. Helm, who will see them forwarded. I would also state to the Department that I may find it necessary to move the squadron to Havana, and will there await orders, if I do not succeed in procuring money here. I will, however, leave a small vessel at this port for the present. The Sabine and St. Louis will leave this port in a few days for Pensacola, but will not enter that port unless they can do so with safety. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, C-. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 68 68 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding condition of affairs in Mexico. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 21, 1861. Sru: I have the honor to inform the Department that the difficulties existing between the Constitutional party and the Church party have terminated by the success of the Liberals. On the 22d of December Miramon was completely routed by the Con- stitutionalists, and on Christmas day the Liberal army entered the capitaL President Juarez has returned to the City of Mexico and taken charge of the Government. It is generally thought here that the war is over. I would have apprised you of this intelligence before, but have had no opportunity of communicating with the Department. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer Home Squadron. Hon. IsAAc TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Report of Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, of the efficient condition of his command. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 21, 1861. SIR: Herewith you will find enclosed the reports of an inspection held by me on the vessels of the Home Squadron also of boat exercise. I take great pleasure in stating to the Department that I found the vessels of this squadron in a most satisfactory state of discipline and efficiency, as you will learn from the accompanying reports. I beg leave also to inform the Department that I appointed Captain Mercer, of the Powhatan, inspector of ordnance for the occasion, and Lieutenant George Brown assistant inspector. Very respectfully, I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Report of Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding flome Squadron, regarding transfer of his flag from the U. S. S. Powhatan to the U. S. ship Cumberland. FLAGSHIP POWUATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 21, 1861. SIR: I desire to inform the Department that I have not as yet trans- ferred my flag to the Cumberland. Owing to a case of smallpox having made its appearance on board of that vessel shortly after her arrival, I was compelled to quarantine her Page 69 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 69 I am glad to inform the Department that, the disease having entirely disappeared, I will hoist my if ag on board in a few days. I have the honor te be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding U. S. vessels Sabine and St. Louis. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 22, 1861. SIR: In the event of the captains of the Sabine and St. Louis not being able to enter Pensacola, they will be directed to proceed to Hampton Roads, Va., or act at their own discretion. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, regarding the threatening aspect of affairs at Fort Jefferson, Fla. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Tortugas, January 23, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that no official letters came by the last mail to Key West, and I must confess a natural anxiety for instructions from the Department. In consequence of a threatened attack on Fort Jefferson by 500 men from New Orleans, I came to this place on Monday. So far the expe- dition has not been able to procure a suitable steamer. Meanwhile six heavy guns have been brought from Key West and are now being landed. As soon as they are mounted in the fort I will return to Key West. The people of that city are very apprehensive of an invasion from the mainland, and I am persuaded that if the Government will send a sloop of war for their protection the town will stand by the Union. Quite a number of Bahama families have left the place; others are preparing to leave. Under the threai~eniug aspect of affairs, I purpose removing the naval provisions and clothing into Fort Taylor for safe-keeping, and hope you will approve of the measure. I have taken on board of my vessel all that can be stowed. I regret to state that the boiler of this ship is becoming so thin and weak as to be unsafe with a pressure exceeding 10 pounds, and I have recently been delayed by three weeks of repairs; and if any service is expected of the ]Vlohawk she ought immediately to be provided with a new boiler, to give all on board that feeling of confidence in the ship which is a necessary ingredient to successful enterprise. I wrote you on the 20th, requesting two additional 32-pounder guns of 33 cwt.; the steamer will carry them with ease. I also asked for ammunition, that I may be prepared for whatever emergency may arise Page 70 70 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 1 need not assure you, sir, that my heart and life are at the disposal of my country and its Government. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AuGS. CRAVEN, Hon. ISAAC Touony, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, transmitting copies of orders to commanding officers of U. S. vessels Sabine and St. Louis. FLAGSHIP POWUATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 28, 1861. SIR: Enclosed you will find my order to Captain Adams. of the Sabine, and Commander Poor, of the St. Louis. They will both sail to-day for Pensacola. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] FLAGSHIP POWUATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 28, 1861. SIR: I have received your letter reporting your ship ready for sea. You will proceed to Pensacola in the [Sabine] [St. Louis], and on your arrival there report in writing to the honorable the Secretary of the Navy, and await further orders. If you fiud any difficulty in entering or leaving the port of Pensacola you will proceed to Hampton Roads, Va., and there report for further orders to the Department, or act at your own discretion. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Captain ADAMS, Sabine. Commander PooR, St. Louis. t Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Lieutenant Murray, U. S. Navy. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 28, 1861. SIR: You will report immediately to Commander Hazard as his relief in the command of the U. S. S. Pocahontas. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant ALEX. MURRAY, Cumberland Page 71 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 71 Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Rome Squadron, to Lieutenant Murray, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas. FLAGSHIP POWUATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 29, 1861. SIR: Please have the Pocahontas kept ill readiness for sea at short notice. Keep her bills paid up and water filled. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer Home Squadron. Lieutenant Commanding A. MURRAY, U. S. S. Pocahontas. Report of Captain Barron, U. S. Navy, of his arrival at Pensacola and the condition of affairs there. NAVY YARD, WARRINGTON, FLA., January 29, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you of my arrival in Pensacola on Sunday iiight. At 11 oclock Monday morning I had an interview with Colonel Chase, commanding the forces in this district, who has afforded me every necessary facility for communicating with the vessels that may appear off the harbor, and also with Fort Pickens. Neither of the vessels for which I have dispatches has yet appeared. I find the lVyandotte, Lieutenant Commanding Berryman, here cooper- ating with Fort Pickens under an order from Commodore Armstrong. I have directed him to remain off this harbor, as the niost ready and certain means for carrying out my orders from you. I am happy to inform you that the officers and others at Fort Pickens receive their mail regularly from this post-office, and are allowed to obtain fresh pro- visions, etc., from the town and neighborhood. I am reliably informed that Governor Perry, of this State, has issued orders to prevent any reemiforcements being thrown into Fort Pickens. May I be permitted to suggest that if orders to that effect have been giventheyma~ybesuspended; if they be so,and made contingent upon any absolute necessity for relief to the fort, the Brooklyn (if reenforce- ments be on board her) can lay off and on the harbor until necessity for landing shall occur, and thus stave off all pretense for collision. The object of my visit here, to warn vessels not to enter the harbor and to avoid collision, seems to have given great satisfaction and c6mfort to all parties. The troops in this district, numbering about 1,500, are, I under- stand, anxious to make aii assault, but have thus far been successfully restrained by Colonel Chase. Should, however, reenforcements be landed, the impatience of these men, combined with the expressed determination of Governor Perry, may prove too strong for even Colonel Chases influence. Communications to me either by letter or telegraph will probably come safely if directed to navy yard, Warrington, Fla. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, S. BARRON, Captain, U. S. Navy. Hon. IsAAc TOUCEY, Secretary of the Nav Page 72 72 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Letter from Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding flome Squadron, to the U. S. consul at Vera Cruz, transmitting letter to the U. S. minister to Mexico. FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 29, 1861. SIR: Your favor under date of January 28 has been received and contents noted with much pleasure, for which accept my thanks. The boats of the Spanish steamers have been going backward and forward the whole morning, I presume in connection with the affairs of the papal nuncio and the Spanish minister. I enclose to you a letter to the Hon. J. B. Weller, U. S. minister to Mexico, which I beg you will forward at the first convenient oppor- tunity. Please inform me if you have heard of the arrival of Mr. Weller. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag Officer, Commander in Chief Jiliome Squadron. Colonel J. T. PICKETT, U. S. Consul, Vera Cruz. [Enclosure.] FLAGSHIP POWHATAN, Off Sacrificios, January 29, 1861. Sn~: I have this moment heard unofficially of your arrival at the City of Mexico. I have been sent here by the Department with orders to protect the citizens of the United States, and in certain contingencies, if the min- ister in Mexico recommends it, for me to land a force for that purpose. I have no orders to withdraw the vessels from this place, but I am under the necessity of informing you that I will feel it to be my duty to do so if I can not procure money to support the squadron. It is my intention to take this ship and the Cumberland to Havana and there await further orders from the Navy Department. I will leave the Pocahontas oft Vera Cruz for the present. I would be glad to hear from you at your earliest convenience, with any suggestions that you may deem proper in regard to the movements of the squadron under my command. The present unhappy state of affairs at home places me in great embarrassment, but I certainly will not remain here longer than money can be procured to pay for supplies for the ships., Ifat Havana I fail to get my drafts on the Government cashed, I will without orders proceed to Hampton Roads, Va., or New York, and place the ships in the hands of the Secretary of the Navy. By order of the Department I have this day dispatched the Sabine and St. Louis to the United States. I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEUGRAST, Flag Officer Home Squadron. Hon. J. B. WELLER, U. S. Minister, City of Mexico Page 73 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 73 Report of the Colonel Commandant ]Iliarine Corps, transmittingfor the action of the Department the parole of Captain Watson, U. S. Marine Corps. HEADQUARTERS MARINE CORPS, Washington, January 29, 1861. Sin: I enclose to the Department a copy of a letter from Captain Watson, rel)orting his arrival in Brooklyn, and enclosing a copy of his parole of honor. As I am not aware of the United States being at war with Florida, I report the facts for the action of the I)epartment. I am, sir, very respectfully, yours, Ji~ro. HARRIS, Colonel Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosure.] MARINE BARRACKS, Navy Yard, New York, January 28, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report my arrival here from Pensacola, and that the marine guard lately attached to the navy yard at Warrington left there on the 16th instant in the U. S. ship Supply, bound to this port. I shall await here your further orders. I herewith enclose a copy of parole. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ WATSON, Hon. JOHN HARRIS, Captain, U. S. Marine Corps. Commandant Marine Corps, Washington. [Subenclosure.] PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, January 16, 1861. Captain Josiah Watson, of the U. S. Marine Corps, having given his parole of honor not to bear arms against the State of Florida, has per. mission to leave this place with his family and private property without hindrance or molestation. V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Commanding Navy Yard. Order from the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Barron, U. S. Navy, transmitting copy of instructions to commanding officers off Pensacola, Fla. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 30, 1861. Sin: I transmit herewith for your information a copy of a telegraphic dispatch signed jointly by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy. Should this dispatch have failed to reach the officers to whom it is addressed, you will furnish them with a copy of it for their guidance. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, Captain SAMUEL BARRON, U. S. Navy, [Secretary of the Navy.] Pensacola, Fla Page 74 74 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Enclosure.] WASHINGTON, January 29, 1861. In consequence of the assurances received from Mr. Mallory in a tele- gram of yesterday to Messrs. Slidell, Hunter, and Bigler (with a request that it should be laid before the President) that Fort Pickens would not be assaulted, and an offer of such an assurance to the same effect from Colonel Chase for the purpose of avoiding a hostile collision, upon receiving satisfactory assurances from Mr. Mallory and Colonel Chase that Fort Pickens will not be attacked you are instructed not to land the company ou board the Brooklyn unless said fort shall be attacked or preparations shall be made for its attack. The provisions necessary for the supply of the fort you will laud. The Brooklyn and the other vessels of war ou the station will remain, and you will exercise the utmost vigilance and be prepared at a moments notice to land the company at Fort Pickens, and you and they will instantly repel any attack on the fort. The President yesterday sent a special message to Congress com- mending the Virginia resolutions of compromise. The commissioners of different States are to meet here on Monday, the 4th February, and it is important that during their session a collision of arms should be avoided, unless an attack should be made, or there should be prepara- tion for snch an attack. In either event the Brooklyn and the other vessels will act promptly. Your right and that of the other officers in command at Pensacola freely to communicate with the Government by special messenger, and its right in the same manner to communicate with yourselves and them, will remain intact as the basis on which the present instruction is given. J. HoLT, Secretary of War. I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. James Glynn, Commanding the Macedonian; Captain W. S. Walker, Commanding the Brooklyn, and other Naval Officers in Command, and Lieutenant Adam J. Slemmer, First Regi- ment Artillery, U. S. Army, Commanding Fort Pickens, Pensacola, Fla. Extract from instructions of the Secretary of War to Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, to act on the defensive. WAR DEPARTMENT, January 29, 1861 SIR: * * ~ You are instructed to act strictly on the defensive and avoid as far as possible a collision with the hostile troops concen- trated at Pensacola and the adjacent forts. Should you, however, be attacked, you will make the best defense of which your position and resources are capable. The naval forces of the United States now at Pensacola, or which may hereafter arrive there, it is expected will cor- dially cooperate with you. You will observe that it is expressly understood as the basis of the instructions forwarded to you that the communication between yourself and others in command at Pensacola and the Government is to be kept open and unobstructed; you wil Page 75 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 75 avail yourself of this provision and report by special messenger to the Department. * * * Respectfully, your obedient servant, J. HoLT, Lieutenant ADAM ~-. SLEMMER, Secretary of War. First Regiment of Artillery, U. S. Army, Gomdg. Port Pickens. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, to remain off Pensacola, Pla. NA~~ DEPARTMENT, January 30, 1861. Sin: Should any of the orders* of the 18th instant, addressed to you in triplicate and sent to Key West, Havana, and Cienfuegos, directing you to proceed to New York, reach you, you will consider them revoked and remain off Pensacola, Fla., until further orders. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. Toucay, Lieutenant 0. II. BERRYMAN, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, off Warrington, Fla. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, to remain in Florida waters. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 31, 1861. SIR: I have received your communications t of the 20th and 23d instant. Your course as therein indicated meets with the approval of the Department, and it is much gratified at your zeal in adopting measures for the protection of the public property and at your spirit of loyalty to the Government. The additional guns and ordnance stores desired will be sent from New York to Key West per steamer. On the 18th instant the Department sent duplicate orders to you at Key West and Havana to proceed with the Mohawk to New York. You will consider these as revoked and will remain in the vicinity of Key West and Tortugas for the purpose of cooperating in the protection of public property. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, Lieutenant T. A. M. CRAVEN, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, Key West, Fla. I?eport of Captain Wynn, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Macedonian, of arrival at Tortugas Keys, and intended departure for Pensacola for protection of public property. U. S. SHIP MACEDONIAN, Tortugas Keys, Pla., February 1, 1861. SIR: I arrived here yesterday, and expect to sail to-morrow morning early. The delay has been opportune for putting the ship in a better condi- tion to repel assault, if necessary, than we have been able to do before. * See p. 65. t See pp. 65, 69 Page 76 76 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXiCO. I hear of many changes that have taken place at Pensacola, prob- ably since the order of the Department to me by telegram dated 5th January, which have led me to reflect more upon that order than would be necessary under ordinary circumstances. But there seems to be one course only to pursueto go there and protect the public property, and that I will do if possible. Great inconvenience is felt from the want of public funds in the ship. Had it not been for the accommodation of Captain M. C. Meigs, Engi- neer Corps, on duty here, we might have been obliged to pay the pilot- age in with the provisions or stores of the ship. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES GLYNN, - Captain. Hon. IsAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding movements of United States vessels. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 2, 1861. SIR: On the receipt hereof you will direct the Powhatan to proceed to INew York and the Pocahontas to Hampton Roads, immediately. Yon will proceed with your flagship, the Cumberland, to Hampton Roads also, and there await the further instructions of the Department. The Macedonian, which sailed from Portsmouth, N H., on the 13th of January for Pensacola, will be ordered by the Department to repair to Vera Cruz. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, [I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy.] Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERO-RAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Report of Captain Glynn, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Macedontan. U. S. SHIP MACEDONIAN, Tortugas Keys, Fla., February 2, 1861. SIR: The Brooklyn has just arrived, and I have received your order of 21st January. I am now underway, bound to the offing of Pensacola. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMEs GLYNN, Captain. Hon. IsAAC TOUCEY Secretary of the it~Tavy, Washington, D. C. Report of Captain Barron, U. S. Navy, transmitting letter from Colonel Chase, commanding forces of Florida, regarding cessation of hostilities. NAVY YARD, WARRINGTON, FLA., February 2, 1861. SIR: Herewith I have the honor to send you a copy of letters from Colonel Chase, commanding the forces in this district, and the Hon. S. R. Mallory. I have delivered a copy to Lieutenant Slemmer, com- manding Fort Pickens, and shall deliver the originals of these and th Page 77 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 77 telegram from the honorables the Secretaries of the War and Navy Departments to the senior naval officer that may arrive here. Neither of the vessels for whom J have dispatches has yet arrived. I under- stand that some of the forces which have assembled here from other States will in a short time return to their homes, in consequence of the armistice established by these papers. I am inclined to believe that my mission here has been productive of much comfort and has prevented a collision of arms. Colonel Chase and Captain Randolph have extended to me every facility for executing my orders, and are uniformly courteous and kind. The Wyandotte is now at the wharf taking in coal and water, upon my representation that I wish to use her as a dispatch vessel for communicating with vessels that may appear off the harbor, and other purposes. I wrote you the day after my arrival here a letter containing sugges- tions which have been anticipated by your telegram. I shall remain here until a senior officer to myself shall arrive. I think the vessels expected off this harbor may be looked for in the course of three or four days. I have the honor to be, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, S. BARRON, Hon. ISAAc TOUCEY, Captain, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, January 29, 1861. SIR: I enclose herewith a note, relating to a dispatch sent to him from Washington, from the Hon. S. It. Mallory. This dispatch* I also enclose, it having been delivered to me by Mr. Mallory for that purpose. These documents speak for themselves, and Jwouldrequest that you would communicate them to the officers,or any one of them, to whom the telegram is addressed, and also my assurance that, on condition that the companies on board the U. S. S. Brooklyn intended to reenforce Fort Pickens shall not be landed, Fort Pickens shall not be attacked and the preparations for an attack shall be discontinued. Communications by special messenger between the army and the naval officers on the Pensacola station and the U. S. Government, to and from, shall not be obstructed in any way. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. H. CHASE, Colonel, Commanding Forces of Florida~ Captain SAMUEL BARRON, U. S. Navy, Navy Yard, Warrington. [Subenclosure.] PENSACOLA, January 29, 1861. Being assured myself that no attack will be made on Fort Pickens unless an attempt to reenforce its garrison shall first be made, I give this assurance to the officers named in the dispatch to which Colonel Chase refers, together with the further assurance of the discontinuance of Colonel Chases preparations for such attack, and of the unrestricted communication to which he also refers. S. It. MALLORY. * See p. 74 Page 78 78 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Sands, U. S. Navy, to proceed to Pensacola, Eta., as bearer of enclosed dispatch. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 4, 1861. SIR: Herewith enclosed is a dispatch from the Department to Cap- tain James 0-lynn, commanding the IT. S. S[hip] ]IiIacedonian, off Pensacola Harbor. You will proceed with it to Pensacola and deliver it to Cap- tain Glynn, or in his absence to Captain Samuel Barron or the senior commanding officer of the U. S. Navy present, after which you will return to Washington. The Navy agent at Washington has been author- ized to advance you $150 on account of traveling expenses. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commander B. F. SANDS, U. S. Navy, Washington. [Enclosure.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, Febrnary 4, 1861. SIR: On the appearance of either ~he Sabine or St. Louis off Pen- sacola Harbor, you will proceed with the Miacedonian to Vera Cruz and remain there nutil further instructions. Should you find Flag-Officer Pendergrast at Vera Crnz, you will deliver the accompanying dispatch * to him; otherwise you will return it to the Department. The ]Ifacedonian, under your command, forms a part of the Home Squadron, and you will report accordingly to Flag-Officer Pendergrast. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Captain JAMES 0-LYNN, Commanding U. S. S[hip] ]lfacedonian, off Pensacola Harbor. Report of Commander Walke, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, of the arrival of that vessel at New York from Pensacola, and giving account of affairs at Fort Pickens, Fla. U. S. STORESHIP SUPPLY, Navy Yard, New York, February 4, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of this ship, nineteen days from Warrington [Pensacola] navy yard, and I beg leave most respectfully to explain the circumstances of my return to this port. Two or three days previous to the surrender of the Warrington navy yard the officers and crew of this ship were zealously engaged, day and night, transporting military stores, provisions, and otherwise assist- ing in the defenses at Fort Pickens. About 2 oclock on the 12th January the navy yard was taken pos- session of by troops of Florida. As soon as the flags were struck I signalized to the Wyandotte (then underway) to bring off the marines to strengthen Fort Pickens. But being informed that they had laid down their arms, and that the navy yard and all the public property, with the hospital and forts (except Pickens), were captured by the 5Seep. 76 Page 79 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 79 militia of Florida, I put to sea in tow of the Wyandotte and anchored beyond the range of cannon shot. But I could not desert our officers and men, who were so suddenly deprived of their homes without pay or credit, [and] short of provisions, under such painful humiliation, without an effort on my part to relieve them. As this ship had none of her stores, and but 260 tons of coal on board, barely sufficient for bal- last, and being prevented from carrying out my orders at Warrington, I resolved to return to New York for the double purpose of obtaining the stores, coal, etc., required by the Gulf Squadron and of offering a passage to the officers, employ6s, seamen, and marines of the navy yard, who, being faithful to their allegiance, were considered prisoners of war on parole; and also to communicate the condition of affairs at Warrington to the Navy Department with all dispatch, as the United States mails to that place had for some time past been interrupted. Fort Pickens is defended with about 100 men who are provisioned for six mouths, and will resist any attack upon the fort by a force of less than 4,000 men. Troops were daily arriving by steamer from Mobile. We transported all the powder from Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens and destroyed all that was in the magazine at Fort MeRee. With the enclosed list of officers and crew of this ship I also send a list of the passengers and of the officers and seamen of our Navy who are reported to have joined the Florida navy, who continue to occupy their quarters with the same rank they held in the U. S. Navy. I reported the sailing of this vessel and the circumstances by letter to you from Warrington, but the mails not being reliable, I respectfully repeat the same in this report. I have the honor to be, sir, most respeetfally, your obedient servant, HENRY WALKE, Hon. IsAAC TOUCEY, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola; of arrival there of U. S. frigate Sabine. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, February 6, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you of the arrival of this ship off Pensacola this day. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. ]lfohawk, regarding movements of United States vessels. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Off the Navy Yard, New York, February 7, 1861. SIR: For the information of the Department I have the honor to state that the U. S. S. Brooklyn was at Key West on the 31st ultim Page 80 80 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. coaling; would leave the next night for the Tortugas. The Macedonian was spoken by the Crusader at midnight of the 29th, bound to the Tor- tugas. The Grusader was at Key West on the 31st, to sail in a few days for New York. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AUGS. CRAVEN, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from Captain Yogdes, U. S. Army, commanding forts in Pensacola Harbor, to the commanding officer of the U. S. naval forces on that sta- tion, regarding defense of Port Pickens. U. S. S. BROOKLYN, February 8, 1861. Sin: This will be handed to you by Lieutenant Laugdon, of the U. S. Army, who will show to you, if you desire it, the order by which I am assigned to the command of the forts in this harbor~ Under the instructions which I have received from the War Department I am led to believe that instructions have been given to the naval commanders on this station to cooperate in the defense of Fort Pickens, the only one of the forts now in possession of the United States. if I am cor- rect in this inference, I should like to be informed as to your views, and the forces and disposition you may be disposed to assign for the defense of that place. I would beg leave to suggest that Fort Pickens is in a very poor state of defense with its present weak garrison, and that I should desire to have the ships, and especially the Brooklyn, upon which my company is at present, as near to Fort Pickens as it is possi- ble for her to be stationed. Of course you must be governed in this case by the instructions which you may have received from the Navy Department. I should desire to have a consultation with you at as early a period as may be convenient to you. I should also suggest that it would be desirable that we should both visit Fort Pickens, in order that we may agree upon a system of defense proper to carry out the views of the Government. If you desire it, Lieutenant Langdon will remain for your reply to this communication. I. YoGDES, Captain, First Artillery, Commanding Forts in Pensacola Harbor. The COMMANDING OFFICER OF THE NAvAL FORCES ON THIS STATION. Report of Captain Glynn, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship ]Jfacedoni an, of the arrival of that vessel off Pensacola, Fla. U. S. SHIP MACEDONIAN, Off Pensacola Harbor, February 9, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of the ]llacedonian off Pen- sacola. I have had communication with the Wyandotte, and exchanged signals with the Sabine to leeward. Two other snips in sight in the same direction are supposed to be the Brooklyn and the St. Louis Page 81 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 81 I learn from Captain Berrym8u that the Brooklyn has not landed the troops she had on board for Fort Pickens, and presnme the reasons will be communicated to the Navy Department by the same conveyance that will carry this letter. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAivrs~s GLYTqN, Captain. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Irwin, U. S. 9Vavy, late of U. S. S. Wyandotte, trans- mitting, in explanation of his absence from duty, copies of orders to and detachment from that vessel. PITTSBURG, PA., February 10, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communi- cation of the 8th instant, and to enclose you my orders to and detach- ment from the U. S. S. Wyandotte. In justice to myself I deem a further explanation necessary. I visited Warrington for the purpose of moving my wife and children to my home in Pittsbnrg, but was detained by sickness in my family. On the 9th ultimo I reported for duty on board the U. S. S. Wyandotte, and was employed transporting the garrison of Fort Barrancas to Fort Pickens. On the 11th ultimo I was informed by Lieutenant Commanding Berryman that he had orders to fill np with coal and proceed to his station on the south coast of Cuba. Early on the morning of the 12th ultimo I was informed that he was ordered not to fire a gun unless his own vessel was attacked, and in the event of the surrender of the navy yard he was to proceed to his station. At this time Lieutenant J. Ii. Eggleston was still attached to the Wyandotte and had not; sent in his resignation. I was also informed that another lieutenant would take passage in her as far as Key West, and at Key West Lieutenant Abner Read was to join her. Knowing all this, I asked Lieutenant Commanding Berryman if he could dispense with my services, for I knew that my family would be in great danger from the lawless mob of Warrington. Lieutenant Com- manding Berryman sent me with a communication to Commodore Arm- strong, in answer to which I received the enclosed detachment. I endeavored to get a conveyance for Pensacola in order to proceed to Pittsburg by land, but it was utterly impossible. Shortly afterwards I heard that the navy yard had been surrendered and saw the Wyan- dotte towing the Supply out of the harbor. The next morning both vessels returned under a flag of truce. Hearing that Commander Walke had determined to take the families of the Army officers and the prison- ers to New York, and not wishing to be taken prisoner by the forces of Florida, I took a boat from the beach and moved my family on board the U. S. S[hip] Supply. When I joined the Wyandotte I supposed that we were to defend the Government property, and I worked cheerfully night and day to prepare for it, but when I found that the navy yard was to be surrendered withont a blow, and that the Wyandotte was ordered to her station, I deemed that I had a right to think of my helpless family. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN IRWIN, Lieutenant. Hon. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, Washington, D. C. ?~ W BVOL 4 Page 82 82 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Enclosures.] COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrinyton, lila., January 9, 1861. SIR: You will report to Lieutenant Commanding 0. II. Berryman for temporary duty on board the U. S. S. Wyandotte, under his command. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Lieutenant JOHN IRWIN, U. S. Navy, Warrington, lila. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, lila., January 12, 1861. SIR: The commanding officer of the U. S. S. Wyandotte having re- ported to me that he can dispense with your services, my order of the 9th instant, directing you to report for temporary duty ou board that vessel, is hereby revoked. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. ARMSTRONG, Commandant. Lieutenant JOHN IRWIN, U. S. Navy, Warrington, lila. [Endorsernent.j Answer that the order of Captain Armstrong detaching him from the Wyandotte of course relieves him from censure. Without it, how- ever, he would not have been justified in his course. I. T[OUCEY]. Letter from Captain Walker, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, lila., regarding reenforcements for Fort Pickens. U. S. S. BROOKLYN, Off Pensacola, February 12, 1861. SIR: In reply to your letter of to-day I have respectfully to inform you that I cau furuish from this ship ninety-three men fully armed and equipped. This is exclusive of the marines, who number forty-three, and also of the firemen and coal heavers, whose services are yequired in the engineers department. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. S. WALKER, Captain. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Senior Officer Present, Comdg. U. S. Naval Forces off Pensacola, lila. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. ]1Jiohawk, transmitting letters of commendation from Brigadier- General Totten and Captain Meigs, U. S. Engineer Corps. NAvY DEPARTMENT, Febrnary 15, 1861. SIR: I herewith enclose a copy of a communication addressed to this Department on the 13th instant by Brevet Brigadier-General Joseph G Page 83 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 83 Totten, Chief Engineer of the Army, and also a copy of the letter of Cap- tain M. C. Meigs that accompanied it, acknowledging valuable assist- ance rendered by you with the Mohawk in connection with the security of Fort Taylor and Fort Jefferson. The Department is pleased to be the channel of communication in this instance. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, [I. TOTJCEY, Lieutenant T. A. M. CRAVEN, Secretary of the Navy.] Commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, New York. [Enclosure.] ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, Washington, February 13, 1861. SIR: I take pleasure in enclosing for the information of the Depart. ment a letter from Captain M. C. Meigs, Corps of Engineers, stationed at Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, Fla., in which he expresses the great obli- gations he is under to Captain Craven, of the U. S. S. Mohawk. and Captain Maffitt, of the Crusader, for valuable assistance rendered by those officers with the vessels under their command, by watching over the safety of the fort while without a garrison. Captain I Edward B.] Hunt, Corps of Engineers, stationed at Key West. Fla has acknowledged in several of his letters and reports similar important services on the part of these officers in connection with the security of Fort Taylor. To the testimony of its officers this Department desires to add an expression of its own sense of the obligations the service is under to Captains Craven and Maffitt for their prompt and efficient assistance in aiding and protecting the two works referred to, at a time when such assistance was of the utmost importance in consequence of the want of a proper garrison at one of them and of both garrisou and armament at the other. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Jos. G. TOTTEN, Brevet Brigadier- General, and Chief Engineer. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Yavy. [5ubenciosure.] FORT JEFFERSON, Harbor of the lortugas, January ~25, 1861. Sin: The Mohawk, Captain Craven, will sail for Key West to-day, and will probably dispatch a mail by the steamer of the 28th from Havana for New York. I beg the Department to acknowledge to the Navy Department, and especially to Captain Craven himself, its obligations for valuable assist- ance rendered at this time. He sailed to this post from Key West, at my request, to watch over it while it was so destitute of arms. The two fieldpieces brought by the command of Major Arnold would have been incapable of seriously damaging any vessels bringing an expedition to seize the fortress. At 10:30 a. m. to-day the last of the 8-inch guns brought from Fort Taylor was in position, and this would not have been so soon accom- plished without the assistance of a gang of sailors kindly lent me by Captain Craven Page 84 84 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. To Captain Maffitt, of the U. S. S. Crusader, we are also under obliga- tions for convoying the vessels bringing the armament and ammunition which render this place safe from attack. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGS, Captain of Engineers. Brigadier-General J. G TOTTEN, Chief Engineer, Washington, D. C. Instructions from the Secretary of the Navy to commanding officers of United States vessels off Pensacola, Pla. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 16, 1861. SIR: You will maintain such a position off Pensacola Harbor as can be done consistently with the safety of the vessel under your command, that you may readily throw in reenforcements and cooperate with the Army troops in resisting any attack on Fort Pickens. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOTJCEY. Captain HENRY A. ADAMS, Commanding U. S. Frigate Sabine, off Pensacola Harbor. Captain WILLIAM S. WALKER, Comi~tanding U. S. Steam Sloop Brooklyn, off Pensacola Harbor. Commander CHARLES H. POOR, Commanding U. S. Sloop of War St. Louis, off Pensacola Harbor Report of commandant navy yard, New York, of arrival there of U. S. S. Crusader. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, February 16, 1861. SIR: I have to inform the Department that the U. S. S. Crusader, Lieutenant Commanding Maffitt, arrived here this morning. I request authority to approve the bill for piloting her from sea at the usual rates for national armed vessels. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Commander Poor, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship St. Louis, regarding reenforcements for Fort Pickens. U. S. SHIP ST. LouIs, Off Pensacola, February 19, 1861. SIR: In answer to your communication received February 13, I have to state that I can furnish thirty mcii and twenty marines, and they will be equipped and ready to land at any moment they may be required. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. H. PooR, Commander. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Senior Officer Present Page 85 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 85 Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa cola, Fla., regarding the vessels under his command. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Qfl Pensacola, February 19, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that Captain (llynn sailed on the evening of the 11th instant iii the Macedonian for Vera Cruz. It devolves on me as senior officer present to give you an account of the condition of the ships now remaining off Pensacola. The Sabine is in good condition, but begins to want calking. She has water for thirty-five days and fifty rounds of ammunition for the great guns. I enclose a list of the number of days provisions of each kind now on board. The Brooklyn has coal, for eight days. She has fifty days provisions. I have ordered all over that tobe transferred to this ship and the St. Louis. The St. Louis is in good condition. I enclose a list of provisions on board, which, as well as the Sabines list, includes those to be received from the Brooklyn. The Wyandotte lies inside the harbor and carries a flag of truce, com- municating with the ships outside when necessary. She has hitherto been allowed to procure coal and water from the navy yard. No provisions or water can be obtained nearer than Key West or Havana, which may be estimated at eight or ten days sail. No provi- sions could be had at Vera Cruz when I sailed. Bread for twenty-five days and some other articles were supplied us by the Cumberland. In general, the ships can remain, either at anchor or underway, near enough to the harbor to communicate with the Wyandotte, lying inside, by signal; but when a southeast gale blows it is necessary to run offshore. The last one, which occurred on the 10th instant, dispersed the ships and drove some of them almost down to Mobile. The ships will at the best times be 2 miles from Fort Pickens, and if advantage should be taken, as it most probably would be, of their temporary absence in a southeaster, or during the prevalence of a strong north wind, to make an assault on Fort Pickens, it might be taken by a coup de main before it would be possible to land reenforcements by boats. An expedition could leave the navy yard under cover of the night, and in less than two hours the fate of the place be decided. There should be another steamer of light draft here to remain outside in readiness at all times to tow boats in. The Wyandotte is too necessary inside for purposes of observation and communication to be withdrawn for this purpose. Should the existing pacific arrangements come to an end the people on shore will have the advantage of knowing it long before we e~n. There seems to be no agreement that notice shall be given of its termination by either party. In case of necessity I propose to land 200 men from this ship, 140 from the Brooklyn, and 50 from the St. Louis. All the marines of the ships are included in these numbers. Should I not be able to obtain fresh water from shore I shall be obliged to go in quest of some elsewhere by the 15th of March. We are now upon an allowance. I send this communication by Commander Hazard, who goes home sick from the Pocahontas. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMs, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 86 86 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Iliome Squadron, of execution of Departments orders. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Sacrificios, February 20 [211, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the U. S. ship Macedonian, Captain James Glynn, arrived at this anchorage this morning from Pensacola. In obedience to the order of the Depart- ment under date of February 2, handed me by that officer, I have directed Captain Mercer, of the Powhatan, to prepare his ship for sea with all possible dispatch and proceed to New York; also the Poca- hontas to Hampton Roads, Va., and will follow with my flagship to Hampton Roads as soon as the ships bills can be settled on shore. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding home Squadron, of tranbfer of his flag to U. S. Ship Cumberland. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Sacrificios, February 21, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I hoisted my flag on board of this ship on the 9th day of February. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding funds for squadron. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Sacrificios, February 21, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I have been able to procure snfficient money to meet the wants of this squadron for the present at a discount of 8~ per cent. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, transmitting copies of orders to commanding officers of U. S. steamers Powhatan and Pocahontas and U. S. ship Macedonian. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, At Sea, off Vera Cruz, February 25, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the Powhatan towed ns to sea to-day from Sacrificios, and we will make the best o Page 86A UNITED STATES SHIP CUMBERLAND Page 86B Page 87 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 87 our way to Hampton Roads, Va. I enclose a copy of my orders to Captain Mercer, of the Powhatan, to proceed to New York, and also to Lieutenant Commanding Murray, of the Pocahontas, to proceed to Hampton Roads, Va., and to Captain Glynn, of the Macedonian, on my leaving Vera Cruz. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. IsAAc TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosures.] FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Off Sacrificios, February 24, 1861. SIR: I have received your letter reporting your ship ready for sea. You will proceed in the Powhatan to New York, and on your arrival there report in writing to the honorable the Secretary of the Navy. Should you find it necessary to replenish your coal you may touch at Havana for that purpose. Very respectfully, 0-. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Captain SAMUEL MERCER, Commanding U. S. S. Powhatan. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Sacrificios, February 22, 1861. SIR: I have received your letter reporting your ship ready for sea. You will proceed in the Pocahontas to Hampton Roads, Ma., and on your arrival there report in writing to the honorable the Secretary of the Navy. Should you find it necessary to replenish your coal you may touch at Havana for that purpose. Very respectfully, 0-. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Lieutenant Commanding ALEXANDER MURRAY, - Commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Sacrificios, February 23, 1861. SIR: I have sent you copies of instructions from Navy Department, by which you will be governed. You will remain here for the present and await orders from the Navy Department or myselE Very respectfully, 0-. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag~Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Captain JA1~n~s GLYNN, Commanding U. S. Ship ]Jl7acedonian Page 88 88 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Gibson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, to proceed with that vessel to Pensacola, Fla., with provisions. NAVY DEPARTMENT, February 25, 1861. SIR: The moment the U. S. storeship Supply, under your command, shall be ready for sea you will 1)roceed with her with the utmost dispatch to the offing at Pensacola and report on your arrival there to the senior commanding officer of the U. S. Navy present. After furnishing the vessels of the U. S. Navy off Pensacola with such provisions, etc., as they may require, you will return with the Supply to New York. Should your cargo be insufficient to meet the requirements of the vessels, you will, before proceeding to New York, repair to Key West for additional stores and return with them to the vessels off Pensacola. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Commander ALEXANDER GIBSON, Commanding U. S. Ship Supply, New York. Unofficial letter from Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, Fla. U. S. S. WYANDOTTE, February 25, 1861. MY DEAR CAPTAIN ADAMS: I received your note of yesterday and at once sent to Slemmer, whose answer* I send by this opportunity. I fear the peculiar feelings of Farrand (in the absence of Captain Randolph) disturb my diplomatic influence; not from any especial talent of his own, but from downright prejudice. The indications are that you can not get water, and that I can not get either water or coal. I have some other resources left, which I will tell you of at a proper time. I shall try again to-day what may be done. Hazard got off and I have not heard that he was interfered with. I hope you are all comfortable in this norther. Most truly and faithfully, 0. H. BERRYMAN. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Sabine. Letter from Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyan- dotte, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, Fla., regarding supplies. [U. S. S.] WYANDOTTR, February 27, 1861. MY DEAR CAPTAIN ADAMS: I have been quietly endeavoring to get what you want. The peculiarities of these authorities (new) make it important to be particular and, indeed, cautious. Already I have over- come the indispositions for furnishing you with water, and I shall probably bring out a tank to-morrow if it is smooth. What next I can not say. * Not found Page 89 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 89 Some difficulty has arisen with the storekeeper about the stores crossed off on the invoices I gave your several departments. He says they were all sent off, and we, I am sure, delivered all but nine oars. Things lookif not brighter, at least we have some scintillations of light. Excuse this scrawl, and I am, most faithfully, yours, 0. II. BERRYMAN, Captain H. A. ADAMS, Lieutenant, Commanding, etc. Sabine, off Pensacola. Report of Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, appointed to command U. S. S. Mohawk, of receipt of orders. NEWBURG [Ii. 17], March 4, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your order of the 1st instant, directing me to proceed immediately to New York and report to Commodore Breese for the command of the U. S. S. Mohawk. I shall proceed to obey the order immediately. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, J. II. STRONG-, Hon. I. TOUCEY, Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from Captain Walker, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, Fla., regarding supplies. [U. S. S.] BROOKLYN, March 9, 1861. M~ DEAR ADAMS: Mr. Follausbee is at work on the apparatus for distilling water. He thinks there is but little hope of success. Cap- tain Vogdes says we can retain the provision necessary to replace what has been consumed by the soldiers. I am in hopes that Mr. Knapp will send us water from shore. I trust that the storeship will be here before long. Very truly, yours, W. S. WALKER. Captain H. A. ADAMS. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, to proceed to Key West, lila., for the protection of public property. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 11, 1861. SIR: A bearer of dispatches from the Government will present him- self to you for passage to the U. S. S. Brooklyn, supposed to be off Fort Pickens, Pensacola Harbor. You will proceed to that locality with all practicable dispatch, place the bearer of dispatches on board the Brook- lyn, and then make the best of your way to Key West, where you wil Page 90 90 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. communicate with Judge Marvin, of the U. S. court, and afford every protection in your power to the United States authorities, and to the naval stores, light-house, and other United States property there. The Department desires that you will not absent yourself from Key West or its immediate vicinity unless ordered to do so from here, or in your judgment it becomes necessary to do so to protect the reef lights. Commander Pickering, U. S. Navy, the light-house inspector on the Florida coast, should be conferred with with reference to the safety of the lights on the Florida Beefs, and any assistance that you may be able and deem necessary to afford him without jeopardizing interests at Key West should be given to him. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander T. A. M. CRAVEN, Commanding U. S. S~ Crusader. Order from Lieutenant- General Scott, U. S. Army, to Captain Vodges, U. S. Army, to reenforce Fort Pickens. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, March 12, 1861. SIR: At the first favorable moment you will land with your company, reenforce Fort Pickens, and hold the same till further orders. Report frequently, if opportunities present themselves, on the con- dition of the fort and the circumstances around you. I write by command of Lieutenant-General Scott. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. B. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. Captain I. VOGDES, First Artillery, U. S. A., on board Sloop of War Brooklyn, Off Fort Pickens, Pensacola, Fla. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Foote, U. S. Navy, acting commandant navy yard, New York, regarding convoy duty. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 12,1861. SIR: I sent an order yesterday by Commander James II. Ward, U. S. Navy, to Lieutenant Commanding T. A. M. Craven, to proceed on cer- tain service therein named. It is now necessary to send either the Crusader or Mohawk to convoy the steamer Empire City employed on army duty. You will please dispatch immediately on the receipt of this order either the Crusader or Mohawk to the quarantine, and direct the com- manding officer to accompany the Empire City on her voyage and con- tinue with her so long as protectiou may be deemed necessary by the Army or other officer in charge for the protection of the persons and public property embarked. In case you find it necessary to send the Crusader to convoy the Empire City, you will direct Lieutenant Commanding Craven to return the order to him, dated yesterday by this Department, to you, and yo Page 91 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 91 will hand it to Lieutenant Commanding [Jas. II.] Strong, of the Mohawk, with instructions to proceed and execute those orders in the same manner as though the order had been originally addressed to him. The War Department may not send a special messenger, as was indi- cated in the order to the commander of the Crusader, but in~ that event a letter will be sent to be delivered to the commander of the U. S. S. Brooklyn. Colonel Tompkins, U. S. Army, New York, should be conferred with before dispatching these vessels. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Commander A. II. FOOTE, Secretary Navy. Acting Commandant Navy Yard, New York. P. S.The enclosed memorandum* from Lieutenant-General Scott, received since the above was written, is transmitted to serve as a guide to the officer in command of the convoying vessels. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding execution of Departments orders for convoy duty. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, March 13, 18G1. SIR: The steamers indicated in your orders this morning will both be ready for sea this evening. I was directed by Commodore Breese before he left for court-martial duty in Washington not to coal or further prepare these steamers for service until orders were received to that effect from the Department, else they would have been ready on receipt of your orders this morn- ing. As it is, however, the fog of to-day prevents any vessel going to sea, to say nothing of the Empire City not yet being ordered to sail, as I am orally informed by Colonel Tompkins; and by the time she is ready the Mohawk, agreeably to your orders, will be ready to accompany her. The Crusader will also be ready in time to perform the service first assigned her, as neither the special messenger)~ nor, in the event of his not going out, the letter to be delivered to the commodore has yet been received. I trust that the Department will appreciate the circumstances under which this letter is so hurriedly written. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW II. FOOTE, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Unofficial letter from Commander Ward, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship North Carolina, to the Secretary of the Navy. Private or unofficial.] RECEIVING SHIP NORTH CAROLINA, New York, March 13, 1861. DEAR SIR: By this evening the Crusader will be ready, and await only a messenger or letter for the Brooklyn. I have placed the letter Not found Page 92 92 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. intrusted to me in the hands of Lieutenant Commanding Craven and explained verbally to him in such manner as gives him full light for read- ing the orders and induces him to take along a howitzer for strengthen- ing Commander Pickerings light-house schooner in case both extremities of their line of operation should need defense at the same time. On the question of disaffection will write you fully soon. Very respectfully, J2vs. H. WARD, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [P. S.]AlI here agree upon Commodore Stringham. The fear is that he will be unwilling, and the hope that you will not regard his unwill- ingness, but insist. In this I have no doubt Commander Jenkins will agree. Letter from Brigadier- General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Confederate troops near Pensacola, Fla., to commanding officer at Fort Pickens, regarding their mutual relations. HEADQUARTERS TROOPS OF CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, Fla., March 13, 1861. SIR: The bearer of this communication, Captain IR. C. Wood, Army of Confederate States, waits upon you in my behalf, with the purpose of obtaining information necessary to enable me to understand our relative positions. He will communicate to you my views, and receive such reply as you may be pleased to make. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant. BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General, Commanding. The U. S. OFFICER COMMANDING FORT PICKENS, FLA. Letter from Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Port Pickens, responding to communication from Brigadier- General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Confederate troops near Pensacola, Fla. FORT PICKENS, FLA., March 13, 1861. SIR: Your communication of this days date reached this post during my absence. I have the honor to send you a copy of the agreement* entered into between Colonel Chase, Senator Mallory, and the War and Navy Departments, with such other communications as may enable you to understand our relative positions. Please let me know as soon as convenient whether you will consider the agreement binding on yonr part or not. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. J. SLEMMER, First Lieutenant, First Artillery, Commanding. General BRAXTON BRAGG. * See pp. 74, 77 Page 93 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXiCO. 93 Letter from Brigadier- General Bragg, C. S. Army, to Lieutenant Slem- mer, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, Fla., regarding breach of agreement. HEADQUARTERS TRooPS OF CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, Fla., March 13, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge your communication of this date, with its enclosures. In announcing to you my intention to conform strictly to the spirit of the agreement entered into by Colonel Chase I beg to suggest to you that the erection of a battery on Santa Rosa Island bearing directly on our navy yard is. in my view, directly in con- flict with the spirit of the agreement. The erection of the work on this side bearing on the channel can not, I conceive, be taken as a menace against Fort Pickens, and the act seems to me fully justified as a means of defense, and especially so under the threats of the new Administration. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Lieutenant A. J. SLEMMER, Fort Pickens. Letter from Captain Walker, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, Fla., regarding supply of water. [U. S. S.] BROOKLYN, March 13, 1861. M~ DEAR ADAMS: I enclose a nose received yesterday from Mr. Knapp in regard to water. He does not name the price, but if you think under present circumstances I had better order a few thousand gallons I will do so. Captain Berryman informs me I can have coal at $15 per ton, a high price to pay unless in a case of great emergency. Very truly, yours, W. S. WALKER. Captain II. A. ADAMS, [U. S. Frigate] Sabine. [Enclosure.] PENSACOLA, March 8, 1861. SIR: At present there is no water tank in this place, and not enough casks to be got to hold the quantity of water required. I can send as much as 1,000 gallons at a time in a small boat (if allowed), but it will be very expensive. Awaiting your advice, I remain, yours, respectfully, C. P. KNAPP, Per JAS. II. NICHOLSON. Captain W. S. WALKER, U. S. S. Brooklyn. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, of the sailing of U. S. S. Mohawk. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, March 14, 1861. SIR: The U. S. S. Mohawk and storeship Supply left the yard at 11 oclock a. m. and proceeded down the bay. As the wind is strong fro Page 94 94 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. the eastward and snowing hard, it is doubtful whether the vessels pro- ceeded immediately to sea. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW II. FOOTE, Pro Qommandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding movements of United States vessels in obedience to Departments orders. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, March 14, 1861. SIR: I have already reported the sailing of the Mohawk and the Supply, while the Crusader is ready with her steam up to proceed in execution of your orders, excepting that the special messenger indi- cated in your orders of the 12th instant has not reported, nor has the letter referred to in that order, in the event of the messenger not going out in the vessel, been received. I shall therefore wait further instruc- tions from you before sending the Crusader to sea, as Lieutenant Com- manding Craven informs me that his orders are not such as to enable him to perform the service required without the letter referred to being received. Of this you probably have been made acquainted by a tele- gram from Commander Ward this morning. This morning I gave the orders, agreeably to your directions, to Lieu- tenant Commanding Strong, of the Mohawk, together with the memo- randum of Lieutenant-General Scott, to proceed to the quarantine ground where the Empire City is at anchor, and there communicate with the officer in charge of Government property, and to hold himself, with the iliohawk, ready for the convoy, being guided by General Scotts suggestions when carrying out in detail your orders. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW II. FOOTE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington D. C. [Endorsement.] Captain Jenkins states that all is correct. The delay was an error of the War Department. W[ELLES~. Report of Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, of departure of that vessel for sea with steamer Empire City under convoy. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Off Sandy Hook, N. Y., March 15, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that, in obedience to the order of Commander A. H. Foote, I left the navy yards New York, yesterday morning with this vessel and proceeded to the quarantine for the pur- pose of convoying the steamer Empire City. There was no Army officer on board the Empire City when I reached the quarantine. He came down in the afternoon, but too late to go to se Page 95 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXJCO. 95 I am now underway, proceeding to sea with the Empire City ill company. Accompanying this letter I send a list of the officers and crew of this ship. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, STRONG, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Brigadier- General Bragg, C. & Army, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, Pla., regarding their mutual relations. HEADQUARTERS TROOPS OF CONFEDERATE STATES Near Pensacola, Fla., March 15, 1861. SIR: I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your commu- nication* of yesterdays date, and with a view of producing a perfect understanding between us beg leave to call your attention particularly to the last paragraph of my letter to Lieutenant Slemmer, dated the 13th. The works which have been thrown up on this side bearing upon the channel were the necessary consequence of the threatening position assumed by your Government, and can no more be regarded as menac- ing Fort Pickens than the mounting of guns iu Fort Pickens could be considered as menacing us. Both should be looked on as precautions against threatened attack. The whole question has been referred to my Government, and its decision will be made known to you. In the meantime you may rest assured that I shall make no disposition for the attack of Fort Pickens. I sincerely trust that the reports you receive of the probability of an amicable settlement of present difficulties may prove well founded. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, U. S. Navy, Senior Naval Officer off Pensacola. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, of departure of U. S~ S. Crusader. NAvy YARD, NEW YORK, March 16, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the U. S. S. Crusader, Lieutenant Commanding T. A. Craven, left this yard at 1 o~clock p. m. this day and proceeded on her destination. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW H. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. * Not found Page 96 96 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding movements of U. S. steamers Crusader and Mohawk. U. S. NAvY YARD, NEW YoRK, March 16, 1861. SIR: At 12 oclock two communications were received from Colonel Tompkins, U. S. Army, under cover to me~one* addressed to Captain I. Yogdes, on board the Brooklyn, the other to the commanding officer of Fort Pickens; and as Lieutenant Commanding Craven stated that his orders would render a direct communication to the captain of the Brooklyn unnecessary, I concluded it to be your intention that the Crusader should proceed immediately to sea, and accordingly directed her commander to go to sea in execution. of his instructions, which he did, with the Crusader, at 1 oclock. The enclosed note from Lieutenant Commanding Strong will explain the movements of the Mohawk; she proceeded to sea, as her pilot reports, at 10 oclock yesterday morning. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. II. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosure.] U. S. S. MOHAWK, Quarantine, March 15, 1861. DEAR SIR: We were ahead of the Army this time. When I got down, there was no Army officer on board the steamer. He came down late in the afternoon, but it [was] then too late and stormy to go to sea, and besides,he had to communicate with the officer at New York,sol sent an officer up. We shall get off this morning. I am nearly frozen up. iRespectfully. etc., J. II. STRONG. Captain FOOTE. Report of Paymaster Looker, U. S. Navy, regarding supplies. U. S. S. BROOKLYN Off Port Pickens, Fla., March 16, 1861. SIR: There are now three weeks (twenty-one days) provisions on hand for the crew, officers, and troops on board, with the exception of the articles of flour, butter, sugar, tea, and beans. Eighty-three rations stopped in a few days. Respectfully, etc., THOS. II. LOOKER, Paymaster. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding U. S. S[hip~ Sabine, and Senior Officer Present. 5See p.90 Page 97 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 97 Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen8a- cola, Fla., regarding urgent need of provisions for the vessels on that station. U. S. FRIGATE SAEINE OjJ Pensacola, ]Jliarch 18, 1861. SIR: I had the honor on the 19th of February of addressing a com- munication to the Navy Department, giving an account of the condition of the ships at this place and the quantity of provisions and water on board them. This communication was sent by Commander Hazard, and reached Washington on the 24th ultimo. Since then I have heard nothing from the Department, nor, indeed, anything since I first arrived here, on the 6th of February. I have now to inform you that we shall soon be much straitened for provisions. The stock on board the differ- ent ships is getting very low, as will be seen by the returns herewith enclosed. There are now 100 rations stopped on board this ship, 83 on board the Brooklyn, and 53 on board the St. Louis, leaving barely enough drawn for the subsistence of the men. Some of the small stores, as tea, sugar, coffee, soap, tobacco, etc., are entirely out. I have managed to obtain some small supplies from shore at times, but our means for purchasing are exhausted. There is not a dollar of public money in the squadron. I have been using my own private funds to pay bills, and Lieutenant Belkuap and Paymaster Pierce, of the St. Louts, Lieutenant Cash, of the Marine Corps, of this ship, and Lieu- tenant Gwathmey have tendered me what money they have for the same purpose. I have been obliged to buy water at the rate of 4 cents a gallon. The soldiers who were sent out in the Brooklyn are still on board of her. They have been living on ships rations, their own sup. plies having been landedor the greater part of themat Fort Pick. ens, agreeably to orders. The apparatus for distilling water on board the Brooklyn was so much out of order that her chief engineer thought it could not be repaired, and she was reduced to two days supply at 3 quarts per man. I contracted for 10,000 gallons to be delivered to her. Subsequently the apparatus has been put in working order. We have now water on board all the ships to last longer than the provi- sions. These details are given that you may know exactly our situa- tion. A New York paper lately received mentions that the Supply storeship would sail for this place on the 11th iustant. Allowing her three weeks passage, she would arrive here about the 1st of A ni b which time, it will be seen, we shall be almost out of provisions; and should she meet with an accident to detain her, or be lost, we shall have about 1,000 people here ip danger of starvation, as nothing to eat can be had nearer than Key West or Havana, eight or ten days sail at this season. Under these circumstances I think it would be unwise and dangerous to wait too long for the Supply, and may feel obliged to go with this ship and the St. Louis in quest of provisions, and return as soon as they can be procured. If I am compelled to do this I will leave the Brooklyn here and put all we can spare on board of her. But I hope to be able to obtain enough from shore, by some means or other, to avoid it. If we had money I feel quite sure it could be done, but cash is required, and nobody will buy a draft on the Govern- ment. All transactions for provisions, etc., are attended with risk and difficulty. N W R.YOL 4. Page 98 98 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. The officers and men, as I mentioned in my letter of February 19, are kept in readiness to land at the shortest notice; bnt I have received the assurance of General Bragg, who commands the troops on shore, that he will respect the engagement made by Mr. Mallory and Colonel Chase with the U. S. Government, and will make no disposition for the attack of Fort Pickens. This engagement, as you are aware, binds us not to reenforce Fort Pickens unless it is attacked or threatened. I could easily have thrown any nnmber of men in it almost at any time within the last four weeks. For reasons given Li my letter of the 19th [ultimo], it would be very desirable that a small steamer shonld be here in addition to the Wyandotte, to remain outside. I beg leave to call the attention of the Department to the want of officers in the ships. The Sabine has not a passed midshipman or midshipman on board. Her second lieutenant died some months ago, and no one has been sent in his place. The first lieutenant is now ill with a lingering disease, which may prevent him from doing any more duty during the cruise. The Brooklyn has but three lieutenants (Mr. Gwathmey having just been detached by order of the Department) and one midshipman. The St. Louis has no midshipmen. If the men are landed the ships will be almost without officers. I send this by Lieutenant Gwathmey, who I hope will go through without detention. A telegraphic dispatch was received some time since stating that a special messenger would leave Washington on the 6th instant with orders for the squadron. He has not appeared, and may have been stopped on the way. I shall hope for instructions from you as soon as this is received, with regard to going for provisions, and if no messenger arrives from Washington in ten days after Mr. Gwathmey leaves Pensacola shall consider either that he has not been allowed to come through or that the matter is left to my discretion. I could not rely on a telegraphic dispatch. I wish to call the attention of the Department to a circumstance that may be the cause of mischief at some future day. When the U. S. S. Fulton was brought into Pensacola, after having run ashore on Santa Rosa, her signal book was deposited in the navy yard, and probably still remains there. I can not devise any means of getting it. Mr. Gwathmey is well informed on the state of afthirs here, ashore and afloat, and will give any information you may require. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ALDA1~I5, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Messrs. A. & P. Horta to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, Pta., transmitting copy of general order regarding supplies for United States vessels. MoBILE, March 20, 1861. Sin: Your order of the 18th instant was handed us by Captain Jones. From the enclosed proclamation you will perceive that our shipping you the stores and coal would be running a risk. If you wish we will make an estimate of what you require, and by paying the amount of the bill will ship them at your risk. We have written t Page 99 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 99 Brigadier-General Braxton Bragg for permission to supply the ships off Pensacola with provisions, etc. Yours, respectfully. A. & P. bETA. Captain ADAMS, U. ~ Frigate Sabine. Mr. Jones is accountable for all the goods shipped we have sold him, and he will supply you, etc. A. & P. ll[oRTA]. [Enclosure.] GENERAL ORDERS, IIDQRS. TROOPS CONFEDERATE STATES, No. 4. f Near Pensacola, lila., March 18, 1861. The commanding general learns with surprise and regret that some of our citizens are engaged in the business of furnishing supplies of fuel, water, and provisions to the armed vessels of the United States, now occupying a threatening position off this harbor. That no misunderstanding may exist on this subject, it is announced to all concerned that this traffic is strictly forbidden, and all such sup- plies which may be captured in transit to said vessels or to Fort Pickens will be confiscated. The more effectually to enforce this prohibition, no boat or vessel will be allowed to visit Fort Pickens or any United States vessel with- out special sanction. Colonel John H. Forney, acting inspector-general, will organize an efficient harbor police for the enforcement of this order. By command of Brigadier-General Braxton Bragg: ROBERT C. WooD, Assistant Adjutant- General. Letter from Messrs. & . John, Powers d~ Co. to Captain Adams, U. iS~ Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, lila., regarding Treasury draft. OFFICE OF ST. JOHN, POWERS & Co., Mobile, March 20, 1861. DEAR SIR: In reply to your esteemed favor of 16th would state that your draft on the Treasury at Washington would not be more than 17 per cent discount, and may be better if we are satisfied of prompt payment of the same. Our experience latterly in handling drafts upon the Treasury of the old Government has not been as satisfactory as we would have desired in every instance, and we are necessarily more particular than in ordi- nary times as to the purchase of such bills. The bearer of this informs us you will probably be in this city in a few days, and should you decide to draw here we will place you upon as favorable a footing as possible in your negotiations. We will pay in gold here for whatever you draw. Your obedient servants, ST. JOHN, POWERS & Co Captain ILl. A. ADAMS, U. S. Frigate Sabine Page 100 100 OPERATIONS IN TIlE GULF OF MEXICO. 19 etter from the paying teller, Bank of Mobile, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, lila., regarding exchange. BANK OF MOEILE, Mobile, March 20, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of youLrs* of the 16th instant. I have nothing to do with the purchase or sale of exchange. That de- partment belongs to the president and cashier, to whom I handed your letter, and they decline to make any arrangement whatever respecting the matter. Very respectfully, yours, E. B. GALE, Paying Teller, Bank of Mobile. Captain II. A. AnAMs, U. S. Frigate Sabine. Letter from Captain Walker, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, lila., regarding stores. [U. S. S.] BROOKLYN, March 21, 1861. DEAR ADAMs: I will have everything in readiness as you direct. If we retain four or five days provisions it will be all that is necessary to take us to Key West. We have five days coal, which will be suffi- cient to take us there. I think the Brooklyn would be quite powerless to operate here with. out steam. I doubt much if we get anything from Mobile except small stores for the officers. Very truly, yours, W. S. WALKER. Captain ADAMS, U. S. Ship Sabine. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, lila., regarding urgent need of supplies for the vessels of his command. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, March 22, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that since my communication of the 18th instant, sent by Lieutenant Gwathmey, an order has been issued on shore prohibiting all boats from visiting the ships. This, besides other inconveniences, cuts off a daily supply of fresh bread which I had lately been receiving for the crew; nothing can be had. I am disappointed in not being able to get the quantity of stores and provisions which I had ordered from Mobile, and I see by a New York paper that the Supply was still there on the 15th instant. The St. Louis is entirely out of bread and other articles, and by the 1st or 2d of April we shall have eaten up everything on board this ship. Under these circumstances I have felt compelled to order the Brooklyn to Key West, Not found Page 101 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 101 or Havana if necessary, to procure supplies. I am very sorry to part with her, as in case of an attempt to take Fort Pickens she would by her steam power and formidable battery be able to prevent any body of men from reaching it on the land side. I do not hear that any prepa- rations are being made to assault the fort, but every day the defenses on the mainland are strengthened. New batteries are thrown up, and heavy guns mounted on them and on Fort McRee. Colonel Chase, Colonel Forney, and General Bragg, who have successively commanded the troops on shore, protest these are only defensive measures. The Wyandotte is still lying inside, and is of the greatest use in various and important ways. If she were not so very necessary, I wonld have sent her to Key West instead of the Brooklyn. We have now been here six weeks, and my last communication from the Department is dated Feb- ruary 16. It merely repeats a previous order of January 21. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMs, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Rcport of Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. ]Jfohawk, of the cruise of that vessel from New York to Havana, Cuba. lIT. S. S. MOHAWK, Off Havana, March 24, 1861. SIR: As it may be possible that in passing Havana I may have an opportunity of forwarding letters to you by some vessel bound in, I take advantage of the same to inform you of my movements thus far. I wrote the Department last off Sandy Hook, steamer Empire City in company. The Empire City kept from 4 to 5 miles ahead of this vessel, we carrying all the steam and sail that it was safe for us to carry. On the afternoon of the 14th the wind from the northeast increased to a fresh gale, with a heavy fall of snow. At about 5 p. m. we lost sight of the Empire City, and up to this date have not seen her. From the manner in which that vessel was managed I am disposed to think that they left us intentionally, this vessel steaming so mach slower than they. We have encountered a great deal of bad weather thus far, and have twice had to stop the engines to repair damages, and once~ to repair a leak of the boilerone day in all. I shall shape my course direct for Indianola, and carry out my instructions. I would respectfully request that letters may be sent me to Havana, where I will stop on my return. I was obliged to leave New York without any funds for the ship or other purposes. Bills of exchange were sent me before sailing, but no letters of credit, which I respectfully request may be forwarded. Iii am, sir, your obedient servant, J. H. STRONG, GIDEON WELLES, Esq., Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 102 102 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, transmitting sailing orders for U. S. ship Release. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 27,1861. SIR: Herewith enclosed are sailing orders for the storeship Release, Lieutenant Commanding J. M. Frailey. The Department desires you to send the Release to sea as soon as possible. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. [Enclosure.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 27, 1861. Sn~: You will proceed with all practicable dispatch, with the U. S. storeship Release under your command, to the anchorage off Fort Pickens, Fla., aud on your arrival report to the senior commanding officer of the U. S. Navy present. After distributing under his direc- tion your cargo of stores to the several vessels present you will return with the Release to New York, unless he shall require the further services of the vessel. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, [Secretary of the Navy.] Lieutenant J. M. FRAILEY, Commanding U. S. Bark Release, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, lila. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 27, 1861. Sin: You are authorized to detain either the Release or the Supply, should you require the services of a vessel of that class. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, [Secretary of the Navy.] Captain II. A. ADAMS, Comdg. U. S. Ship Sabine, and Senior Officer, etc., off Pensacola. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, of the arrival of that vessel at Key West, lila. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Key West, March 29, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that I arrived at this place on the 25th instant and was detained twenty-four hours by a leak in the boiler. On the morning of the 26th the U. S. S. Brooklyn arrived. I showed my orders to Captain Walker, who stated to me that he was to return to his station off Pensacola with all possible dispatch, and would con- vey the communications from the War Department, which I therefore delivered to him Page 103 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 103 I regret to inform you that there has been a material change in this town since I left here in January last. The Union party, fearing they were not to have the protection of the Government, have been discour- aged. The cessation of the office of U. S. marshal has rendered the U. S. district court inoperative, and the consequent disorganization, which has rapidly progressed, can only be checked by the early appoint- ment of a marshal, the restoration of the court, and decided evidence of the intention of the Government to hold this place perpetually. It is believed that Mr. McIntosh (the judge of admiralty recently appointed by the convention) will be here on the 6th [of] April, and he will proceed to the trial of salvage cases. Should any appeal be made to me against the exactions of this mock tribunal, I shall deem it my duty to afford such protection as may be required in the premises. I hope soon to have from you, sir, such further instructions as may be necessary for my guidance. The orders of the 11th March certainly did not contemplate the fact that I should find on my arrival here the U. S. district court had already virtually ceased to exist, and thus far the wrecking influence of this town has accomplished all that was desirable to them in the act of secession. Judge Marvin has become greatly depressed by the spread of the revolution, and although he expresses an unwillingness to remain among these people, it is my belief that with a firm marshal he will remain here and restore order. I must call your attention to the fact that nearly all of the offices of this town are now filled by violent disunionists, who spare no means of subverting the Federal Government. The collector of the port, his inspector, the surgeon of the marine hospital, the postmaster, and the light-house keeper (all dependencies of the said collector) are among the most mischievous people here, and loud in their denunciations of the Government. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AUGS. CRAVEN, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant iS~trong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, regarding condition of affairs in ]Jilatagorda Bay, Texas. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Off Matagorda Bay, March 80, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I arrived here yesterday morning (March 29). I found at anchor here the three transport steam- ers the Empire City, the 6oatzacoalcos, and the Star of the West. The Coatzacoalcos leaves this afternoon with troops. The Empire City will leave in about one week with another detachment, and from what I can learn it will not be earlier than the middle of July before the last detachment will be ready to leave. I shall be able to obtain more definite information in a day or two. So far as I can learn all is quiet here; there seems to be no disposition among the people to make any trouble. I am, sir, very respectfully, J. II. STRONG, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington Page 104 104 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, Eta., of the return of U. S. S. Brooklyn from Key West. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 1, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you of the return of the Brooklyn yesterday from Key West, where she had been to obtain coal and pro- visions for the squadron, as I informed you by letter of the 22d ultimo, via Havana. There are a number of men on board this ship whose term of service has expired, and they have claimed their discharge on the ground that they are within the jurisdiction of the United States. I have refused it, and retain them under the law of March 2, 1837. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, Pla., of death of Lieutenant Berryman. U. S. FRIGATE SAI3INE, Off Pensacola, April 2, 1861. SIR: It is with sincere regret I have to inform you of the death of Lieutenant Commanding 0. II. Berryman, of the Wyandotte, which occurred this day at 3:25 p. m. He has fallen a victim to his zeal and anxiety of mind in the dis- charge of his duties. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Captain Ingraham, C. S. Navy, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, Eta., regarding the death of Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy. NAVY YARD [PENSACOLA], 4pril 2, 1861. MY DEAR ADAMS: I was never in my life more shocked than when your officer informed me of Berrymans death. Poor fellow! Only Saturday he was laughing and talking, and he looked in perfect health. Truly in the midst of life we are in death. Everything shall be pre- pared for his interment to-morrow at the time you name, and if yon think proper I will have a guard; but the volunteers are not in very good trim. If you choose, bring a guard with you; it would be better; and I hope as many officers as can attend will come on shore. Let me know your wishes to-morrow, should you desire anything particular done, and you will know this will be complied with. There wil be no expenses. Faithfully, yours, D. N. INGRAIIAM. ~P. S.]I started your letter to the Secretary of the Navy immedi- ately by a special messenger on horseback, and directed him to give i Page 105 OPERATIONS IN THE GULP OP MEXICO. 105 to Lieutenant Smead. I shall have the grave dug in the same yard where ilayne was interred. We can supply you a pine coffin, ready- made. I only wish we had a better. [D. K. I.] Report of Lieutenant Frailey, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. bark Release, of the readiness of that vessel for sea. U. S. STORE BARK RELEASE, Navy Yard, New York, April 3, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I yesterday at noon reported to the commandant at this yard that this vessel was ready for sea, with the exception of a deficiency in the list of officers second lieutenant. This vacancy still exists. The wind, being from the eastward, will pre- vent my getting out [of I the bay, and await the order of the Depart- ment to proce~d to sea until another officer reports, or otherwise as the Department may direct. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES MADISON FRAILEY, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Commander Poor, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship St. Louis, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, regarding the want of water. 1U. S. SHIP] ST. LOUIS, Off Pensacola, April 4, 1861. Mv DEAR CAPTAIN: We are much in want of water, and would like to get it on board before any more provisions are received. Can we send to the Brooklyn for a supply? We are now obliged to break out the tierces to get at what we have on board. Very truly, yours, C. H. PooR. Captain H. A. ADAMS, [U. S. Shipl Sabine. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present otT Pen- sacola, Fla., of arrival of U. S. ship Supply. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE Off Pensacola, April 8, 1861. Sn~: I have the honor to inform you of the arrival yesterday of the storeship Supply, in twenty-two days from New York. As soon as the ships are provisioned I will send her back. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 106 106 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, of the readiness of the U. S. S. Water Witch for service. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD. Philadelphia, April 11, 1861. Sn~: Referring to my letter of the 4th instant, I have the honor now to inform the Department that the Water Witch was put in commission yesterday and awaits your further orders. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Phila- delphia, relative to the U. S. S. Water Witch. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 11, 1861. SIR: Be pleased to have the Water Witch ready to proceed to sea on Tuesday next, the 16th instant. Further instructions as to her move- ments will be given by the Department. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, [Secretary of the Navy.] Captain SAMUEL F. Du PONT, Commandant Navy Yard, Philadelphia. Report of Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, regarding the movements of that vessel. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Off Pass Cavallo, Tex., April 12, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I shall leave here to-day in company with the Empire City. The troops are now embarking on board of her. I can procure no water at this place, and as there is now bat seven days supply on board, I shall be obliged to go to Key West for water, wood, coal, and some few articles of provision, and also., to Havana for the mail. The Star of the West has gone down to the Brazos for the troops that are there; she will have left here for the United States before I could get back. The next embarkation will not take place (that is, the last of the troops to be embarked) before the middle of May at any rate (so I am informed by the commanding officer). As this is a very unsafe and exposed anchorage, I shall remain at Havana, allowing sufficient time to reach here again before the steamer arrives to take the next detachment, should I not receive other instruc- tions in the meantime. Since I have been apehored here in this ship the Empire City has lost one anchor and had to put to sea three times; the Star qf the West has lost one anchor and chain and put to sea once in consequence of bad weather Page 107 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 107 I have managed to hold on by keeping up steam for about one day. I shall send this communication by the lFlmjpire City, as she will probably have left Havana before I can reach there. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. STRONG, Hon. GIDEON WELLES Lieutenant, Commanding. & eretary of the Yay, Washington, D. C. Cooperation of the Navy in the relief of Fort Piekens, April 12 and 17, 1861. Order of General Scott, U. S. Army, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, appointed to command Department of Florida, regarding reenforcement of Fort Pickens. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY Washington, April 1, 1861. SIR: You have been designated to take command of an expedition to reenforce and hold Fort Pickens,in the harbor of Pensacola. You will proceed with the least possible delay to that place, and you will assume command of all the land forces of the United States within the limits of the State of Florida. You will proceed to New York, where steam transportation for four companies will be engaged, and, putting on board such supplies as you can ship, without delay proceed at once to your destination. The engineer company of sappers and miners; Brevet Major Hunts Company M, Second Artillery; Captain Johnss Company C, Third Infantry; Captain Clitzs Company E, Third Infan- try, will embark with you in the first steamer. Other troops and full supplies will be sent after you as soon as possible. Captain Meigs will accompany you as engineer, and will remain with you until you are established in Fort Pickens, when he will return to resume his duties in this city. The other members of your staff will be Assistant Surgeon John Campbell, medical staff; Captain Rufus Ingalls, assistant quartermaster; Captain Henry F. Clarke, assistant commissary of subsistence; Brevet Captain George L. Hartsuff, assist- ant adjutant-general, and First Lieutenant George T. Balch, ordnance officer. The object and destination of this expedition will be communicated to no one to whom it is not already known. The naval offlceri in the Gulf will be instructed to cooperate with you, and to afford every facility in their power for the accomplishment of the object of the expedition, which is the security of Fort Pickens against all attacks, foreign and domestic. Should a shot be fired at you, you will defend yourself and your expedition at whatever hazard, and, if needful for such defense, inflict upon the assailants all the damage in your power within the range of your guns. Lieutenant-Colonel Keyes, military secretary, will be authorized to give all necessary orders and to call upon the staff department for every requisite material and transportation, and other steamers will follow that on which you embark, to carry reenforcements, supplies, and provisions for the garrison of Fort Pickens for six months. Captain Barrys battery will follow as soon as a vessel can be fitted for its transportation. Two or three foot companies will embark at the same time with the battery. All the companies will be filled up to th Page 108 108 OPERATIONS IN THE GULP OF MEXICO. maximum standard, those to embark first from the recruits in the harbor of New York. The other companies will be filled, if practicable, with instructed soldiers. You will make Fort JelThrson your main depot and base of opera- tions. Yoa will be careful not to reduce too much the means of the fortresses in the Florida Reef, as they are deemed of greater importance than even Fort Pickens. The naval officers in the Gulf will be instructed to cooperate with you in every way in order to insure the safety of Fort Pickens, Fort Jeff and Fort Taylor. You will fully commu- nicate with them for this end, and will exhibit to them the authority of the President herewith. The President directs that you be assigned to duty from this date according to your brevet rank in the Army. With great confidence in your judgment zeal,and intelligence,J remain, respectfully, WINFIELD SCOTT. Brevet Colonel HARVEY BROWN, U. S. Ar my, Washington, D. C. APRIL 2, 1861. Approved: ABRAHAM LINCOLN. [Enclosure.] EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, April 1, 1861. All offic~rs of the Army and Navy to whom this order may be exhib- ited will aid by every means in their power the expedition under the command of Colonel Harvey Brown, supplying him with men and material, and cooperating with him as he may desire. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Order of the President of the United States regarding confidential instructions to Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy. EXECUTIVE MANSION, April 1, 1861. Lieutenant D. B. Porter will take command of the steamer Powhatan, or any other United States steamer ready for sea which he may deem most fit for the service to which he has been assigned by confidential instructions of this date. All officers are commanded to afford him all such facilities as he may deem necessary for getting to sea as soon as possible. He will select the officers who are to accompany him. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. liecommended: WM. H. SEWARD. Order of the President of the United States to Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, to proceed to Fort Pickens, Fla. EXECUTIVE MANSION, April 1, 1861. SIR: You will proceed to New York, and with the least possible delay assume command of any naval steamer available. Proceed to Pensacola Harbor, and at any cost or risk prevent any expedition from the mainland reaching Fort Pickens or Santa 1~osa Page 109 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 109 You will exhibit this order to any naval officer at Pensacola if you deem it necessary after you have established yourself within the har- bor, and will request cooperation by the entrance of at least one other vessel. This order, its object, and your destination will be communicated to no person whatever until you reach the harbor of Pensacola. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Lieutenant B. D. PORTER, U. S. Navy. Recommended: WM. II. SEWARD. Order of the President of the United States to Captain Mereer, U. S. Navy, detaching him from the command of U S. S. Powhatan. WASHINGTON CITY, April 1, 1861. SIR: Circumstances render it necessary to place in command of your ship, and for a special purpose, an officer who is duly informed and instructed in relation to the wishes of the Government, and you will therefore consider yourself detached; but in taking this step the Gov- ernment does not intend in the least to reflect upon your efficiency or patriotism; on the contrary, have the fullest confidence in your ability to perform any duty required of you. Hoping soon to be able to give you a better command than the one you now enjoy, and trusting that you will have full confidence in the disposition of the Government toward you, I remain, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Captain SAMUEL MERCER, U. S. Navy. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 1, 1861. Fit out Powhatan to go to sea at the earliest possible moment under sealed orders. Orders bya confidential messenger go forward to-morrow. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. COMMANDANT NAVY YARD, Brooklyn, N. Y. Order of the President of the United States to the commandant navy yard, New York, regarding the fitting out of the U. S. S. Powhatan. EXECUTIVE MANSION, April 1, 1861. SIR: You will fit out the Powhatan without delay. Lieutenant Por- ter will relieve Captain Mercer in command of her. She is boand on secret service, and you will under no circumstances communicate to the Navy Department the fact that she is fitting out. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. COMMANDANT NAVY YARD, New York. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, transmitting com- munication from Captain Vogdes, U. S. Army, regarding cooperation for the protection of Fort Pickens. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 1, 186i. SIR: I have the honor to inclose a copy of a letter addressed to me by Captain Yogdes, U. S. Army, who is here in command of som Page 110 110 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. troops sent out in January last to reenforce the garrison of Fort Pick- ens. I have declined to land the men as Captain Yogdes requests, as it would be in direct violation of the orders* from the Navy Depart- ment under which I am acting. The instructions from General Scott to Captain Yogdes are of old date (March 121) and may have been given without a full knowledge of the condition of affairs here. They would be no justification to me. Such a step is too important to be taken without the clearest orders from proper authority. It would most certainly be viewed as a hostile act, and would be resisted to the utmost. No one acquainted with the feelings of the military assembled nuder General Bragg can doubt that it would be considered not only a declaration but an act of war. It would be a serious thing to bring on by any precipitation a collision which may be entirely against the wishes of the Administration. At present both sides are faithfully observing the agreement entered into by the U. S. Government with Mr. Mallory and Colonel Chase. This agreement binds us not to reenforce Fort Pickens unless it shall be attacked or threatened. It binds them not to attack it unless we should attempt to reenforce it. I saw General Bragg on the 30th ultimo, who reassured me the conditions on their part should not be violated. While I can not take ou myself under such insufficient authority as General Scotts order the fearful responsibility of an act which seems to render civil war inevitable, I am ready at all times to carry out whatever orders I may receive from the honorable Secretary of the Navy. In conclusion, I beg you will please send me instructions as soon as possible, that I may be relieved from a painful embarrassment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GmEoN WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, JJ. C. [Enclosure.] U. S. FRIcfATE SAEINE, Off Pensacola, Fla., April 1, 1861. SIR: Herewith I send you a copy of an order* received by me last night. You will see by it that I am directed to land my command at the earliest opportunity. I have therefore to request that you will place at my disposal such boats and other means as will enable me to carry into effect the enclosed order. Yours, etc., ~. ~ Captain, First Artillery, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding cooperation with the Army for defense of Fort Pickens. Confidential.1 NAvY DEPARTMENT, April 6, 1861. SIR: Your dispatch of April 1 is received. The Department regrets that you did not comply with the request of Captain Vogdes to carry ~See pp. 67,74. tSeep. 90 Page 111 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 111 into effect the orders of General Scott sent out by the Crusader under the orders of the Department. You will immediately on the first favorable opportunity after receipt of this order afford every facility to Captain Yogdes by boats and other means to enable him to land the troops under his command, it being the wish and intention of the Navy Department to cooperate with the War Department in that object. Ii am, sir, respectfully, etc., GREoN WELLES, Captain HENRY A. ADAMS, Secretary of the Navy. Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Report of Captain Worden, U. S. Navy, to the Acting Secretary of the Navy, regarding delivery of Departments dispatches for Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, at Pensacola. OFFICE OF GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT, ETC., New York, September 20, 1865. SIR: In reply to your communication of yesterdays date, directing me to furnish the Department with a copy of the order under which you (I) proceeded to Pensacola in April, 1861, as a bearer of dispatches, I have the honor to state that I never received a written order to pro- ceed on that duty. Late in the evening of April 6 I was sent for by the Secretary of the Navy (Hon. Gideon Welles) and was verbally ordered by him to proceed with all possible speed to Pensacola with dispatches for Captain Adams, commanding the naval forces off that harbor, and in obedience to that order I started early next morning (April 7) by the way of Aqnia Creek and Richmond, reaching Pensa- cola about midnight of April 10. On April 11 by the time I was ena- bled to reach the Wyandotte, then lying inside the harbor under Fort Pickens, the wind was blowing so hard that her commander declined to take me out to the squadron. The next day (April 12) I was taken out and delivered the dispatches about noon, or rather the substance of them, having destroyed the dispatches near Atlanta, Ga. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN L. WORDEN, Captain. Hon. G. F. Fox, Acting Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, to Commander Foote, U. S. Navy, regarding conflicting orders. ASTOR HOUSE INEW YORK, N. Y., April 5?], 8 oclock. DEAR CAPTAIN: I am with Captain Meigs and we are telegraphing to Mr. Seward. Meigs thinks Mr. Welless telegram * is bogus. Would he, think you, dare to countermand an order (written order) of the President? Meigs and myself (knowing all the circumstances) think it impossible. I shall stay over to-night to keep telegraphing. So much depends on having no mistakes made in this matter. If you hear anything will you send me word? I will be at the yard at 6 *2cc p. Page 112 112 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. oclock in the morning. Will you take care of my boy to-night~ And. oblige me by sending the enclosed to Mr. Heap, on board the Powhatam Yours, very truly, ~. D. PORTER. [Commander A. H. FoOTE, U. S. Navy, Acting Commandant iNavy Yard, New York.] [Telegram.] APRIL 6, 1861. Give the Powhatan up to Captain Mercer. SEWARD. [Lieutenant D. D. PORTER.] [Telegram.] APRIL 6, 1861. I received my orders from the President and shall proceed and exe- cute them. D. D. PORTER. [Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD.] Letter from Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, to Commander Foote, U. S. Navy, regarding order from the President of the United States. AT SEA, April 6, 1861. DEAR CAPTADu The telegram you sent me afforded me no comfort; on the contrary, burdened me. Still the President says nothing and I must obey his orders; they are too explicit to be misunderstood. I got them from his own hand. He has not recalled them. Meigs is off and ahead of me. I could not go with him, and I recollect that all Meigss guns were on board. This is an unpleasant position to be in, but I will work out of it. Am sustained by my sense of duty and will leave the rest to that kind Providence which has never deserted me in very try. ing circumstances. Will you please forward the enclosed dispatch to the Secretary of State? Also l)lease detain all private letters that may be in the bag for five days. Truly and sincerely, yours, D. D. PORTER. [Commander A. H. FOOTE, U. S. Navy, Acting Commandant .Yavy Yard, New York.] Letter from Brigadier-General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Confederate troops near Pensa. cola, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding reen- forcement of Fort Pickens. HEADQUARTERS TROOPS CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, Fla., April 8, 1861. SIR: I learn that an officer of the U. S. Engineers has been added to the garrison at Fort Pickens since my communication to you of the 13t Page 113 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 113 ultimo. His presence even temporarily to consult with the commander is not in keeping with the agreement of your Government, and I can only regard his presence as a reenforcement. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General, Commanding Captain H. A. ADAMS, U. S. Navy, Senior Officer otT Pensacola. Letter from Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding immediate reenforcement. FORT PICKENS, FLA., April 10, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to state that in view of information received through private hands I deem the safety of the fort depends on its immediate reenforcement. Of course if this can be done without its being seen by the opposing party it would be much better than bringing them in openly. I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, A. J. SLEMMER, First Lieutenant, First Artillery, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Squadron U. S. Navy off Pensacola Harbor. Letter from Brigadier-General Bragg, C. S. Army, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding apparent reenforcement of Fort Pickens. HEADQUARTERS TROOPS CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, Fla., April 10, 1861. SIR: Your reply to my communication of the 8th instant is just received. From information considered reliable I felt assured an officer of U. S. Engineers, Brevet Major Z. B. Tower, was quartered on one of your vessels, but spent much of his time daily at Fort Pickens in con- sulting and advising with the commanding officer. I could but regard his aid under present ciLcumstances as a reenforcemeut, and felt it due to you to call your attention to the fact. It will give me pleasure to learn I am misinformed. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General Cn Captain H. A. ADAMS , nmanding. Senior U.S. Naval bificer otT Pensacola. Letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, to Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, Fla., promising prompt reenforcement when required. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 11, 1861. SIR: You have stated in your communication to inc of the 10th instant that from information received through private hands you have reason to beheve~ that the safety of the fort depends oii its immediate reenforcement. Will you be pleased to lay this information in full before me ~ So many unfounded rumors have been in circulation to N W RYOL 4 Page 114 114 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. this same effect that it is necessary to be cautious, and my orders are positive not to land reenforcements unless the fort is actually attacked or preparations are making to attack it. Should your information be such as to justify it, I will have reenforcements landed as soon as prac- ticable when the state of the sea will admit of boats landing outside the harbor, and at night, as you recommend. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Lieutenant A. J. SLEMMER, Commanding Fort Pickens, Fla. Letter from Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Port Pickens, Fla., to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding transfer of officer of doubtful loyalty. FORT PICKENS, FLA., April 11, 1861. SIR: With this note I send Ordnance Sergeant [E. II.] Broady. I think he is a dangerous man in the fort, as some parties on the other side are making overtures to him for the treacherous surrender of the fort, offering commissions, money, etc., to any noncommissioned officer or soldier who will give them the fort without the shedding of blood. I do not wish to punish him, as I do not know to what extent he has committed himself~ bnt I do not think it is safe to have him in the fort. If you can keep him on your vessel until something is determined you will much oblige [me]. He should not be permitted to write and send letters or messages. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. J. SLEMMER, First Lieutenant, First Artillery, Commanding. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Squadron U. S. Navy off Pensacola Harbor. Letter from Lieutenant Slemmer, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, Fla., to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, urging the need of immediate reen- forcement. FORT PICKENS, FLA., April 12, 1861. SIR: In reply to your communication of the 11th instant, I have to state the information I received is through varied sources and all to the same effect, viz, that the troops were preparing to.embark for -this island, and that boats and material were ready at the navy yard to start at any moment; that the intention was to land either last night or the night before. The weather having been such these nights that they could scarcely cross unless very determined, they may be expected at the first favorable opportunity. I have deemed my information of such iniportance that for the last two nights my men have been placed at the guns in readiness to repel an attack. My men and officers are much fatigued, and I deem it absolutely necessary that the fort should be reenforced immediately. Provisions should also be landed while there is yet time to do so by the Wyandotte. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. J. SLEMMER, First Lieutenant, First Artillery, Commanding. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Squadron U. S. Navy off Pen8aeola Harbor Page 115 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 115 Letter from Brigadier-General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Confederate troops near Pensa- cola, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding delivery of mail matter. HEADQUARTERS Tuoo~s OF CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, Fla., April 12, 18G~. SIR: As an act of prudence I deem it best to prevent any mail boat from Fort Pickens landing on this side. Commodore Ingraham will send all mail matter for your fleet and Fort Pickens daily. Any com- munication for me you can deliver to Commodore Thgraham at the navy yard, but no member of the boats crew should land. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General Go Captain H. A. ADAMS, , mmanding. U. S. Senior Naval Officer off Pensacola. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, of the successful reenforcement of Fort Pickens. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 14, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that immediately on receipt of your order* by Lieutenant Worden, on the 12th instant, I prepared to reenforce Fort Pickens. It was successfullyperformed the same night by landing the troops under Captain Yogdes and the marines of the squadron under Lieutenant Cash. No opposition was made, nor do I believe the movement was known on shore until it was accomplished. A strong party of officers and seamen were sent to assist in case of resistance, who afterwards returned to their ships. The marines remained in the fort at the request of Captain Vogdes, a copy of which I enclose. The whole expedition was under the charge of Commander C. II. Poor, assisted by Lieutenant [A. N.] Smith, of the Brooklyn, Lieu- tenants [R. F. R.] Lewis and [L. II.] Newman, of the Sabine, and Lieutenant [G. E.] Belknap, of the St. Louis, and it is highly creditable to these officers that this service was performed without accident or disorder under unfavorable circumstances. The Brooklyn, Captain Walker, and the Wyandotte, Lieutenant Commanding Mullany, were very skillfully managed. They carried the landing party to the desig- nated point with accuracy, in spite of the darkness of the night, and not having the light-house to guide them, the light having been extin- guished early in the evening. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES Captain, Senior Officer Present. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. 0. [Enclosure.] U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Q/f Pensacola, April 12, 1861. SIR: I have to request that all the marines which you can spare from the squadron, with their officers, may be landed to reenforce Fort Piekens at as early a period as possible. I make this request as I Seep. 110 Page 116 116 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. deem from the large force which the enemy at present has at his dis- posal Fort Pickens is in (langer from his attack, and that the present garrison, even when reenforced by the troops now on board the Brook- lyn, would not be found adequate to its defense. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. VOGDES, Captain, First Artillery. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Letter from Captain Vogdes, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, Fla., to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, making requisition for men and stores. FORT PICKENS, April 13, iSGi. DEAR CAPTAIN: Here we are all safe. The enemy did not evidently deem it prudent to attack us. I am going to call on you for a large requisition. I have first to request that you will land 250 sailors, with the proper number of officers. IN ext I have to request that you will let me have the following articles: Four barrels whisky, three pieces of flannel, as many axes and shovels as you can spare, and some canvas (old will answer), as much as you can let me have. Will you then send one of my men on the Brooklyn to attend to getting out the company property? He will know their relative importance and the order in which they should be sent. I think it would be well to get the provisions and fifty shells on shore as quickly as possible. I have sent a party up the beach to reconnoiter. I send the quartermaster back with some men that were accidentally left. Please let hini have the signals and allow him to return as quickly as possible, and the moment that I ascertain that the island is clear I will signal to you, in order that you may commence the operation of landing men and stores. I send enclosed duplicate requisitions, which can be filled out by the officers responsible for the property according to the amount or num- ber ftirnished. Lieutenant Laugdon will receipt for the stores sent according to the invoices, or will purchase them. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. .VOGDES, Captain, First Artillery, Commanding. Captain II. A. ADAMS, U. S. Navy, Commandinq Fleet off Pensacola Harbor, Florida. P. S.Will you please let the Wyandotte come as near to the shore as convenient, in order that we may be able to communicate as rapidly as possible, as I have reason to think that the people at the navy yard are in possession of the signal book. I shall therefore signal No. 758, All clear, and No. 282, Dont land. 17Th Letter from Captain Vogdes, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, to Captain Adams, U. S. Nnvy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding the danger of occupation by the enemy of Santa Rosa Island. FORT PICKENS, April 13, 18G1. DEAR CAPTAIN: From what I have observed to-day I deem it not improbable that the enemy may cross over and endeavor to establish himself on Santa Rosa Island. I would therefore suggest that it ma Page 117 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 117 be prudent tor the Wyandotte and Brooklyn to move up to the position indicated in Major Towers and my conversation with you. By that means you would be able to take him in flank should he attempt to advance, and probably deter him from making any attempts to estab- lish himself. I think that movement even without you firing on him wonld have a great moral effect, and in any event observations from the ships masthead might afford us useful information as to his designs. I send you a New York Herald of the 8th instant, by which you will see that if newspaper reports can be trusted there will be a large quantity of material, etc., to be landed here soon, and consequently how important it may be to prevent the establishment of any batteries on the island which might interfere with their being landed. Yours, truly, I. VOGDES, Captain, First Artillery. Captain H. A. ADAMS, U. S. Navy. Letter from Captain Vogdes, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, Fla., to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding violation of armistice. FORT PICKENS, FLA., April 14, 1861. DEAR CAPTAIN: General Bragg has just sent me a verbal message by his adjutant-general, Colonel Wood, requesting to know why the armistice had been violated by reenforcing Fort Piekens. In reply I stated that I never had been a party to any armistice, but that in land- ing from the Brooklyn and taking the command of Fort Pickens I had acted nnder orders from the General Government. He then stated that he was directed by General Bragg to demand from the late com- mander, addressing himself to Lieutenant Slemmer, why it had been violated on his part. He answered that he obeyed the orders of his Government. No further official communication passed between us. Your obedient servant, I. YOGDES, Captain, First Artillery, Commanding Fort Piekens. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Letter from Brigadier-General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Confederate troops near Pensa- coa, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding violation of armistice. HEADQUARTERS TROOPS CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, Fla., April 14, 1861. SIR: Your communication of the 13th instant, announcing the reen- forcement of Fort Pickens, was received by me this evening. How you could suppose I was aware of that fact, and that it was done by order of the U. S. Government, I do not understand, when it was accom- plished under cover of the darkness of night and in violation of a solemn compact. I only wish I could construe the orders of your Government as a justification of the act. I am, sir, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, mmanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Brigadier- General Co & nior U. & Naval Officer off Pensacola Page 118 118 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Lieutenant Worden, U. S. Navy, of his detention as prisoner of war. MONTGOMERY, ALA., April 15, 1861. SIR: I started from Pensacola on my way toward Washington on the evening of the 12th instant; was arrested near this place on the 13th, and am now held here as a prisoner of war. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN L. WORDEN, Lieutenant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, $ecretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Captain Vogdes, U. 5. Army, commanding Fort Pickens, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, requesting additional force of laborers. FORT PICKENS, FLA., April 16, 1861. SIR: Will you please let me have 100 seamen, as there are evidences of great activity on the opposite shore which should be met on our side. I do not anticipate an assault, but I want more laborers to put the fort in a proper state of defense. If you have any bags please let me have them. If you have any means of cooking that can be traiis- ported, please send them with the men. But for the fact that I have no means of cooking for more men and very poor accommodations for them I should ask for 30~ seamen. If the Atlantic has troops for this place and sand bags, it will obviate the necessity of your sending seamen and bread bags from your fleet. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. VOGDES, Captain, First Artillery. Captaiu II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. P. S.I hope, however, if there are any troops on board the Atlantic for this place, that you will make every effort to land them to-night. Repor~ of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, of the landing by vesseLs of his command of troops and stores at Fort Pickens. U. S. FRIGATE SAi3INE, Off Pensacola, April 18, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you of the arrival here of the steamer Atlantic, on the l6tn instant, with Colonel II. Brown, U. S. Army, and a number of troops and military stores on board. At the request of Colonel Brown the soldiers were immediately landed by the boats of the squadron, whieh are now employed getting the stores, etc., on shore. I beg leave to call your special attention to what follows, as I think it important. The Sabine and St. Louis are getting short of water. We have no way of getting any but from the Brooklyn, where it is distilled. This resource may be cut off from us at any moment by the breaking of the apparatus or its becoming necessary to employ the Brooklyn elsewhere. The rains are so scanty that we can get none that way. The Wyandotte I expect every day to break down. Her engine is much worn, and for the last hundred days her fires have only bee Page 119 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 119 out twenty-four hours. A steamer of light draft5 or 6 feetthat could carry supplies or reenforcements up to the very walls of Fort Pickens would afford more important cooperation to Colonel Brown than half a dozen sailing frigates. I have asked for such a steamer on two former occasions. Coal for the steamers will soon be wanted. Owing to fresh winds and rough seas, and the employment of our boats by the Army, we have not yet been able to get all our stores from the Supply. I am having it done as fast as circumstances will allow. The scarcity of officers is a serious and growing evil. Since the date of my last Captain Walker, of the Brooklyn, Lieutenant Read, of the Wyandotte, and Mr. Parker, acting gunner of this ship, have all been condemned by medical survey. I have ordered Commander Poor to the Brooklyn, Commander Gibson to the St. Louis, Lieutenant Mullany to the Supply, and Lieutenant Williamson from the Brooklyn to the Wyandotte. On board this ship we have but four lieutenants, no mas- ter, no gunner, no sailmaker, no passed or other midshipmen. The other ships are no better off. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola. HEADQUARTERS, Fort Pickens, April 17, 1861. CAPTAIN: I do not think it advisable just now to weaken my com- mand at all. Therefore I beg you will permit me to keep the detach- ment of marines a few days longer. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARvEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces. Letter from Colonel Bro~.vn, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding position of vessels of his command. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 17, 1861. CAPTAIN: I have respectfully to request that you will have the ships of your command so placed as to sweep the land approaches to this fort, and as near as, in your judgment, they can lie with safety. I would also respectfully suggest that guard boats along the beach on the inside at night would add very much to the security of the fort. I am, captain, respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain ADAMS, Commander in Ci~ief U. S. Naval Forces off Pensacola Page 120 120 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Letter from Captain Meigs, U. S. Army, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding means for effecting a landing at Fort Pickens. U. S. TROOPSHIP ATLANTIC, Off Santa Rosa, April 18, 18611 a. m. Sin: If the weather continues fine, we will endeavor to land the horses and battery to-morrow, as soon as I can examine the ground and determine the best place for them. The horses are stiff from long standing, and we think it would save the lives of many of them if they could be transferred to the deck of the Wyandotte, as she can go so much nearer the beach than this ship, which draws 20 feet of water. I will be obliged to you for a boat at daylight to take me ashore and accompany me along the beach while reconnoitering. This boat should be armed. Major Yogdes thinks that an attempt will be made to land before morning. I doubt it, however. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGS, Captain. Captain ADAMS, Commanding Squadron off Pensacola. P. S.Colonel Brown thinks that it is very important to have guard boats inside at night. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, requesting transportation for troops from Key West to Pensacola. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Port Pickens, April 19, 1861. CAPTAIN: I desire to bring two companies of infantry from Key West to this port, and respectfully request that a sailing vessel may be dis- patched to that port to carry my orders, and that the steamer Cru- sader may be ordered without delay to transfer the troops here, with such supplies as can be spared from that place; the sailing vessel to receive such orders and destination after her arrival as you may desire to give. If you can comply with my request I desire that the ship may sail to-morrow, or as soon as I can get my dispatches ready. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Farces off Pensacola. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, relative to reenforce- ments and supplies for Fort Pickens. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 19, 1861. Sin: At the request of Colonel Brown I have sent the St. Louis to Key West with orders to the Crusader to bring down immediately soldiers and stores. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Wa8hington, D. C Page 121 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 121 Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding transmission of dispatches. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 19, 1861. CAPTAIN: I am in receipt of your letter of this days date, inforniing me that you would send the St. Louis, at my request, to Key West. I can not get my dispatches ready before tomorrow morning, but will then, if you will have the goodness to send for them. Will you do me the favor to notify Captain Meigs, so that he can pre. pare for transmission his dispatches for Washington~ The Atlantic is not sufficiently unloaded to take her, and the stores on board her are of immediate and pressing necessity. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Com~nanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. P. S.Captaiim Meigs is on board the Atlantic. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding assistance rendered. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 19, 1861. CAPTAIN: I have received your letter of this days date. I have given to Lieutenant Murdangh my views and wishes respecting the subject of my two notes of the 17th. I am much obliged for the liberal assistance you have afforded me, and will try to make as few as possible calls upon you for assistance. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Request of Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, for the St. Louis to remain at Key West during the abeence of the Crusader. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 19, 1861. CAPTAIN: On reflection I think that the taking away at the same time the Crusader and two companies may too much weaken that port. May I ask you to direct the St. Louis to remain in the harbor for, if necessary, the support of the fort until the return of the Crusader. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola Page 122 122 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Letter from Captain Meigs, U. S. Army, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding the Depart- ment of Florida, reporting execution of orders in the matter of the U. S. troopship Atlantic. U. S. SHIP ATLANTIC, April 19, 18613:20 p. m. Mv DEAR COLONEL: I have received your letter, and thank you for the very kind terms in which you express your difference in opinion with me. Believing that it was wrong to interrupt the disembarkation of stores by any movement of this ship while this most favorable weather lasted; yielding in all naval matters to the experienced opin- ion of Captains Porter and Gray; knowing that the Powhatan has her steam down and her steam chimney under repairs, and that she can not, therefore, move to protect us in any new position; informed that the best landing yet discovered is that at which we lay (Harris already in this quiet sea to day stove the only boat sent toward Fort Pickens, and drenched in salt water the officers baggage), I concluded not to attempt to move the ship until, the work of the day being over, we could do so without delay to the unloading of stores. Received yonr note as I was about entering a boat to examine the beach with Captain Porter and determine what place will do for her new berth. I am sure that were you on board and had so seen the destruction caused by the surf last evening you would agree with us and would think we had done our best. Your orders are commands to which I shall always while with you implicitly conform when they are given without leaving inc discretion, and I have ordered Captain Gray to put up steam and move down the coast. We can get about 2 miles nearer, no more, and then we will be within fire and I think much troubled by the outer sand bar parallel to the coast. As for the other matterthe entrance of Captain Porter into the harbor at this timeI agree with you in opinion. It was only by exhibiting your letter to him and endorsing most thoroughly my agree- ment with it, and giving him a copy of the general orders just pub- lished to all officers to cooperate as you desired, that I stopped this gallant officer, bent on a desperate deed of self-sacrifice and devotion to his country. He will await your orders, as I shall, in all obedience and fealty. Most truly, your friend and aid, M. C. MEIGS. Colonel HARVEY BROWN, Commanding. Please say to Major Tower that his wishes are bein~ executed, and the sand bags I doubt not will be sent at the earliest opportunity; that Gillmore was left with Keyes. Report of Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, of the arrival of that vessel off Pensacola, and giving reasons for not having entered that harbor. U. S. S. POWIIATAN, Off Pensacola Bar, April 21, 1861. SIR: I enclose a correspondence which will explain why I am not inside of the harbor. Will you please to lay it before the President~ I arrived here a few hours behind the Atlantic, my passage having been retarded by heavy gales, head winds, and defective boilers. I had disguised the ship so that she deceived those who had known her, and after nearing our squadron was standing in (unnoticed) when the steam gunboat Wyandotte, lying alongside the Atla~rdic, commence Page 123 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 123 making signals to me, which I did not answer, but stood on. The steamer then put herself in my way, and Captain Meigs, who was on board, hailed me and I stopped. In twenty minutes more I should have been inside or sunk. Captain Meigs delivered me Colonel Browns letter dated April 17, 18617 which will explain why I was not permitted to proceed. I shall be ready at a moments notice to enter whenever Colonel Brown may notify me that he is prepared. It will be somewhat more difficult than at first, as our true character is now known and we shall have to run the gantlet of about eighty guns. We are covering the landing of the Atlantics and illinoiss effects, and have been hard at work with our boats in gettiimg out their cargoes. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, DAVID I). PORTER, U. S. Navy. Hon. WmLI~iu II. SEWARD, Secretary of State. [Enclosures.] FORT PIOKENS, April 17, 1861. M~ DEAR CAPTAIN: From the wretched condition of the defense of this place and the very elaborate range of batteries put up on .the opposite side it is desirable that we put off the day of collision as long as possible. If Porter runs the gantlet now a collision is inevitable, and we shall suffer the most. I too doubt the possibility of his escap- ing. I am told Fort MciRee alone mounts 100 guns. Would it not, then, be best to stop him l I think so. Yours, truly, HARVEY BROWN. Captain MEIGs. [P. S.]We want time; it is everything. [Endorsement.] U. S. S. POWITATAN, April 17, 1861. SIR: Under the circumstances detailed in the within letter, and the necessity of avoiding collision while in the act of landing stores, horses, and artillery, I feel it my duty to request you to postpone entering the harbor for the present. My connection with the expedition [and] my knowledge of the views and intentions of the President justify me in making this request with almost the force of an order from the President. The buoys are, I am glad to find, still in place, and a few nights hence you will, I think, be able, by sending lights to these buoys, to enter undiscovered. I am, respectfully, your obedient [servant], M. C. MEIG~, Captain of Engineers, Chief Engineer Middle Dept. of Florida. Captain PORTER, Commanding Powhatan, off Pensacola. U. S. S. POWITATAN, Off Pensacola, April 18, 1861. DEAR SIR: In looking carefully over the orders of the President to me in relation to my entering the harbor I find them so imperativ Page 124 124 OPERATIONS IN THE GULP OF MEXICO. that they leave no margin for any contingency that may arise. Your letter to Captain iXicigs of the 17th, requesting me not to go in and draw the fire on you beforc you had time to prepare, is quite sufficient to satisfy me that such a course on my part would be very indiscreet. But to satisfy the authorities in Washiugton I would be obliged to you if you would address me a little more fully on the subject, and state as near as you can your actual condition and the time required to make up deficiencies. If you think that in two days time you will be ready for me to make the attempt, please notify me, for after that time I shall have to run the gantlet by moonlight, which would no doubt be a good time for an exhibition, but darkness would suit better for a piece of strategy. I know that I am here to give you aid and comfort and keep any of the emiemy from crossing over in boats on the inside; but while I will do all I can in the way of aid, I can not do much in cutting off boats where I now am. Will you please make such suggestions as your good sense may dictate, and I will endeavor to follow them as near as I can. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D~rn D. PORTER. Colonel II. BROWN, U. S. Army, Commanding Fort Pickcns, Fla. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, April 19, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 18th is received, and I can not, perhaps, bet- ter auswer it than by giving extracts of dispatches I am preparing for Washington: Aware of the desire of the Government that a ship should be placed there (in the harbor), and knowing that I am opposing the wishes of Captain Meigs, nothing but a profonnd sense of its necessity would havo induced interference on my part; but believing that if the actual state of this fort at this time was known that no such instructions would have been given, I did not hesitate fully and freely to express my views and wishes in the case. As I have already reported to you, I found this fort in the worst possible condition for hostilitiesthe batteries out of order, some of the largest and most important guns dismounted, the necessary traverses and other protection for the troops unpre- pared, the garrison deficient, the subsistence nearly exhausted, the ammunition (except powder) not sufficient in important articles for one days service, a total want of engineer, quartermaster, and ordnance tools and implements, and the fort in a complete state of confusion, all requiring the labor of every man at the fort. The steamer Atlantic lying here with large supplies of indispensable stores, which can only, without extreme inconvenience, involving great time and labor, be landed within range of the guns of Fort MeRee, and the vital importan~e of getting these stores ashore, rendered, in my judgment, delay in encountering hostilities of the utmost importance, and any act of ours provoking or, I may say, assuredly and cer- tainly causing it, to be premature and unwise. Time with us is everything, and I can see but little injury to accrue from delay. You say, If you think that in two days time you will be ready for me to make the attempt, please notify me. I know that in a week I can not get rea(ly to warrant a voluntary provoking of hostilities, and how much longer I caim not tell; but in two days I can be in but little better condition than I now am, and I can only repeat that if you do enter before I am prepared, in my judgment the movement will be 1~uwise and deeply injurious to the best interests of the country. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel. Lieutenant DAVID D. PORTER Commanding ~Ship Powhatan Page 125 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 125 Extracts* from a letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, to Captain Du Pont, U. S. Navy, regarding affairs at Fort Pickens. U. S. S[HIP] SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 30, 1861. M~ DEAR Du PONT: ~ * * Our mail facilities are cut off, though General Bragg still allows letters to be sent on shore to be mailed, and some come off to the fort and ships. But it is noticed that all the let- ters and telegrams which are allowed to reach us are addressed to offi- cers from the South, and i u general calling on them to resign. We believe now that all others are examined and detained. Your letter was full of sad presages, and I fear they are more than realized. We have heard of the secession of Virginia, of the destruction at the Nor- folk yard, the riots at Baltimore and along the railroad, the resignation of many of the very best officers iu the Navy, and other bad news, enough to make the heart bleed and everyone who feels as I do wishes himself in his grave. We are fallen upon fearful times, and I have had my share of trouble and perplexity. It is now very near three months since I arrived here, and was met by orders, four times repeated, not to euter the harbor, but to remain off Fort Pickens ready to cooperate in its defense if it was attacked, and to act strictly oii the defensive. We had a great deal of bad weather, some heavy gales from the south and southeast which made it difficult to keep off the shore, and anything like landing men on a sudden alarm would have been impossible. Fortunately none was made, but every night was one of nxiety. Sometimes we were underway, sometimes at anchor, and you know it is not an easy matter to keep a sailing frigate near enough to Fort Pickens to land reenforcements at a moments notice. You may suppose I did not get much sleep. This state of things continued till the 31st of March, when the Brooklyn returned from Key West, where I had sent her for provisions, as we were entirely out and I could hear of none coming. The Brooklyn brought an order from General Scott to Captain Vogdes to land his troops at Fort Pickens. Vog- des applied to me for boats. 1 refused, stating that it would be in direct violation of the orders under which I was acting from the Navy Department, and I could receive none from General Scott. At this time a sort of armistice existed by which we were bound not to reenforce Fort Pickens unless it was assaulted or threatened, and the other side were not to assault it unless we undertook to reenforce it. This armis- tice was entered into by the Secretary of War and of the Navy on our side and Mr. Mallory and Colonel Chase on theirs, and my orders were based on it. I wrote,however, immediately to Mr. Welles; told him what I had done, but that though I could receive no orders from Gen- eral Scott I was ready to carry out any he might choose to give. I sent this communication by an officer of the Army to Washington and received an immediate answer by Lieutenant Worden. That answer I received about 2 oclock on the 12th instant. It was an order to land the troops, and by 12 oclock that night it was done, without collision and without discovery, I think, till it was accomplished. A few days after this Colonel Brown arrived in the Atlantic with 450 men. These were also landed immediately without difficulty. The Atlantic was loaded with artillery, horses, ammunition, and all sorts of military stores. She was soon followed by the Illinois with a similar cargo. Since then the labor of the squadron ha~ been excessive in getting these ~Matter of a personal nature omitted.CoMPILERs Page 126 126 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. things on shore. They have to be landed through the surf on tue open beach, in the boats of the ships, the boats getting knocked to pieces and the men working np to their necks in water. Besides this, Colonel Brown has all the marines to help him in the fort, and above twenty men to row gnard inside. The Atlantic is discharged and gone, but the illinois is not quite empty yet. The men are wearing out, and then they are kept in readiness to be landed at a moments warning if a signal is made for them at night. Not one of the ships has half her complement of officers. The Sabine has but four lieutenants; no younger officers except three masters mates, who are of very little use and not respected by the crew. Of our four lieutenants, Mr. Murd angh is first, and he has sent his resignation home, as have several others from Virginia. I have refused to let them go or excuse them from duty till I hear their resignations are accepted; this causes some heart- burning. And I have another source of troublethe men are getting discontented at the length of the cruise and the hard work. The times of many have expired, and they have asked their discharges on the ground that they were within the jurisdiction of the United States. I keep them all, but the ship ought to be relieved. At one time we were so nearly out of provisions that I was obliged to send the Brooklyn after some, at the risk of the fort being attacked during her absence; and neither this ship nor the & . Louis have had any water for a long while but what has been distilled for us by the Brooklyn. As for get- ting any fresh grub, that is out of the question. They hung a man in Mobile who undertook to bring some mess stores for the officers, though he had the written permission of the governor and the military com- mandant to do so. * * * She (the Water Witch) is not here yet; her mails were brought down by the Mohawk, but I look for her in a day or two. * * * Money is of no use here; if it was, we have none. I and several other officers used our own money out of our purses to pay bills of the ship as long as anything could be bought. Now, if I chose to inflict any more complaints on you I have plenty behind, but I will spare you. Think, however, of my personal feelings at this dreadful juncture, with all my interests and affections in the South, and then give me credit for sticking at my post and doing my duty. * * * * * * * When I look at the register and see how many are gone, or likely to go, who have been near and dear tome, and whom I have been proud to call my friends for the best part of half a century, my heart shrivels up till it feels no bigger than a pea. * * * * * * * It is impossible to say what Bragg is contemplating; 7,000 or 8,000 men are said to be collected about the forts and navy yard. Batteries of 10-inch guns line the beach between the light-house and Fort MeRee, some plain in sight, others masked by bushes. They are said to have several good engineer officers, educated at West Point, xvith them. The opinion that prevails is that when everything is in readiness over there a demand will be made for the surrender of Fort Pickens, and in case of refusal they will proceed to bombard it, as was done at Fort Sumter; but the distance is long and the walls thick enough to stand a good deal of hammering, with no houses inside to burn down. Colonel Brown says he can repel any attempt at assault. Hitherto vessels have been allowed to pass in and out of Pensacola without being ques- tioned, but since the late news I have taken the responsibility of inst Page 127 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 127 tuting a sort of blockade to prevent any munitions of war being carried in. I am altogether without instructions from the Kavy Departmelit, but have an order from the President to assist the Army. I wish he knew what the Army understands by that word assist. It seems to be, Work for us by day, watch over us at night, and be ready to land and fight for us when we make the signal. But to do them justice they are very clever (American clever) fellows, and are worked hard enough themselves. A great deal is yet to 1)e done in the fort. It was in a most melancholy condition when Slemmer took possession of it. The Powbatan came here a few days ago ou a secret and desperate expedition, which perhaps you know something about by this time. Fortunately, I think, he did not undertake it, and I have therefore added the Powhatan to my squadron, and find her very useful, as she is fully officered. We have here now the Sabine, Brooklyn, Powhatan, Wyandotte, Mohawk, Supply, and a small schooner borrowed from the Army for a guarda costa. I learn from the Department that String- ham will sail for this place on the 1st of Mayto.morrow. I hope he is to relieve me. * * * * * * * At the request of Colonel Brown, I have sent the St. Louis to Tortu- gas to protect Fort Jefferson. The Water Witch is to run as a mail packet between this place and Havana, colinecting with the steamers from New York. Remember this, and from time to time give all the news you can about Navy mat- ters and Navy friends. * * * * * * * I want this ship ordered into Philadelphia. I anticipate much trou- ble with the crew if she goes to New York or Boston. She was in most excellent order three months ago, with a good, docile crew, but this irregular scattering work in boats and the want of officers is fast disor- ganizing them. All our exercises, etc., are interrupted and disorder and offenses are increasing, How seriously the want of midshipmen is felt now! There is but one in the squadron. Do you remember the crowd in the old Franklins steerage in 18171 May lst.Lieutenant lienshaw came off froru the navy yard this morning with a flag of truce. He brought me a letter from Ingraham, who has gone to Montgomery to establish a bureau of ordnance, I sup- pose. Tattuall is to command the yard. It is believed they have our signal books on shore, and Strong has given me the numbers as they have been changed. But this wont do, unless kept secret by the cap- tains, and I dont know whether they are all to be trusted. Any officer leaving the service can carry the change of numbers in his head, or in his pocket on a slip of paper, and then the enemy will soon have the key. I have not allowed the alterations to be known iu the squadron, and wont till those who have or who are about to resign have gone home. May 2d.The Water Witch has arrived. * * * I hear of more vessels on the way with army stores which we shall have to land. For Heavens sake tell them at Washington to send out some fresh hands to the bellows. Our wind is nearly gone. General Scott seems to have forgotten the necessity of surfboats, which he found so great at Vera Cruz. But indeed it would be hard to take care of them, lying as we do in the open sea, with frequent hard winds and heavy swells from the southward Page 128 128 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Berryman died a victim to anxiety and overwork, and the same causes broke down his first lieutenant, Abner Read. Now, I have written a mighty long letter, but not said half I would like to. If you want to know my sentiments on the present crisis, they are true to the flag I have served under so long. * * * Believe me, always yonr attached friend and old shipmate, H. A. ADAMS. Order of the President of the United States to the Secretary of the Navy, relieving Lieutenant D. D. Porter, U. S. Navy, from special duty. EXECUTIVE MANSION, May 11, 1861. SIR: Lieutenant D. D. Porter was placed in command of the steamer Powhatan and Captain Samuel Mercer was detached therefrom by my special order, and neither of them is responsible for any apparent or real irregularity on their part or in connection with that vessel. Hereafter Captain Porter is relieved from that special service and placed nnder the direction of the Navy Department, from which he will receive instructions and to which he will report. Very respectfully, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. The SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, late senior officer present off Pensacola, transmitting order from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, regarding serv- ices of marines. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 27, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to enclose a copy of an order of Colonel Brown, commanding the Department of Florida, showing his appreciation of the good conduct and valuable services of the marines from this ship and the Brooklyn, who have been serving under the command of Lieu. tenant Cash in Fort Pickens since the 112th of April, a few days excepted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. [Enclosure.] ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS, No. 46. Fort Pickens, Fla., May 26, 1861. The services of the marines being no longer indispensably necessary, they are relieved from duty at this post. The colonel commanding takes pleasure in publishing his entire approval of the conduct and his appreciation of tile services of Lieu- tenant Cash and his command, which have been of great value and always cheerfully rendered, and the conduct of the troops uniformly correct aild soldierly. By order of Colonel Brown: G. D. BAILEY, Second Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Post Adjutant Page 129 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 129 Letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, to the Navy Department, transmitting correspondence in justification of his conduct when cooperating for the defense of Fort Pickens. PHILADELPHIA, October 1, 18G2. SIR: I have been credibly informed that certain letters, written by persons unknown to me during the time I was in command of the U. S. naval forces off Fort Pickens, are lodged at the Department, and have seriously affected my reputation and prospects. I am mortified and surprised at this, particularly as during the frequent conversations I have had with you no notice was given me of it. I was aware that such letters, written by ignorant and malicious persons, had been pub- lished in the New York Tribune, and I made several efforts to get the names of the authors from the editor, but without success. I never dreamed that these or similar letters were filed at Washington with- out my being informed of it or called upon for explanation. I would think such irresponsible charges unworthy of being enquired into if I had not found I was suffering from their evil influence. The papers which I have the honor to enclose herewith will show you that in all I did, or forebore to do, I was acting in strict obedience to orders under the Presidents own hand, delivered to me by Colonel II. Brown, the military commandant of the Department of Florida, and will also show how faithfully and efficiently they were obeyed. it will appear, too, by them how earnest the wish of Colonel Brown was that no act of hostility should be committed which might provoke retahia- tion or serve as an excuse to the enemy for an attack on the fort, and that he had informed General Bragg his instructions were only to act on the defensive. I was called upon by him to give all possible protec- tion and assistance to the fort, and unite in this nonoffensive policy which he considered so important to be observed. The safety of the fort was considered of the greatest consequence in view of Santa iRosa Island being the intended base of future operations on a grand scale against the Gulf States. Minor considerations or trifling advantages must be sacrificed to its security while in ami unprepared state. In all my proceedings I carried out strictly this idea in obedience to the wishes of Colonel Brown and the order of the President. As that order did not come through the Navy Department, it seems possible it might not have been known there; but Iwas not time less bound to obey it. It will be seen, too, that I was always ready and prepared to attack the forts or take any other active measures to annoy the enemy at a moments notice. I believe it will be conceded by everybody that the policy pursued by Colonel Brown and the commanding position of the ships were the salvation of the fort. In carrying out this plan I was obliged to exercise constant activity, vigilance, and forbearance. This forbearance it is, as I am told, which has been the subject of the accusations entertained against me, coming from sources unknown to me. I respectfully beg your careful examination of the accompanying papers. They are but a portion of what I have on the sub~ject, but I think will be found quite sufficient to relieve me from the false l)OSitiOn in which I now stand, and procure me some such testimony from the Department as is due to one who has faithfully performed his duty under novel and trying circumstances, and only been rewarded by suf- fering from misrepresentation. I am, very respectfully, your obediient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Captain, U. AS. Navy. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. N W RYQL 4 Page 130 130 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Enclosures.] NEWPORT, August 24, 1862. PEAR SIR: In answer to your communication of August 22, asking my recollections of the state of affairs at Fort Pickens on my arrival there the state of the defenses, the orders under which Colonel Brown was acting, and the extent of authority with which he was invested by the President, I beg leave to state that the fort was not in a state of defense until Colonel Brown entered it with his troops, though he con- sidered himself even then entirely dependent on the ships for protec- tion. His orders from the President authorized him to call upon every naval officer for assistance and obedience to his orders (which were to act on the defensive), amid officers, men, and boats were freely supplied whenever they were required. Colonel Brown strenuously protested against any movement on the part of the ships until lie was ready in the fort. I know that the great disappointment of my life was not being permitted to enter the harbor of Pensacola when my plans were so well laid and when I was certain of success. In relation to the last question you ask, whether anything could have been attempted at that time by the naval force there of sufficient impor- tance to justify a violation of the Presidents order to cooperate faith- fully with Colonel Brown, I reply: I think the Brooklyn and Powhatan might have run in there at night and caused the rebels to retreat, but Colonel Brown encouraged nothing of the kind; on the contrary, opposed it. He did on one occasion propose a bombardment and the ships were to take part in it. I sounded outside the bar to find a place for the Brooklyn to lie, but foand she could not get within gunshot without going inside, and it would have been an unwise thing if it (the bom- bardument) had ever been undertaken in the manner proposed. This has since been proved by Commodore McKeans attack of Fort MeHee, which amounted to nothing at all. A few gunboats at that time could have entered Pensacola with ease, but there were none on the station. I do not know what Commodore MeKeans instructions were, or what took place after his arrival, as I left there the same day; but I am of opinion that during the time I was before Fort Pickens Colonel Brown is responsible for any inactivity on the part of the naval forces, and that you expressed yourself willing to make an attack whenever it was pro- posed to you. The oft-expressed opinion of Colonel Brown that we must act on the defensive prevented the Navy from showing that zeal it has since exhibited against stronger places than Pensacola. Yours, very truly, DAVID - P. PORTER. [Captain H. A. ADAMS.] U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 17, 1861. SIR: If it is possible to keep the Powhatan in readiness to move at the shortest notice, I wish you to do so. I am expecting every day an attack will be made on Fort Pickens, in which ease her services will be necessary to tow this ship into a position where she can give most assistance to the fort and most annoyance to the enemy. When the firing from the mainland begins you will please run down to this shi Page 131 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OP MEXICO. 131 immediately for this purpose. You can make ally repairs to your boilers and flues which will not prevent you from giving me this assistance. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Lieutenant Commanding ID. ID. PORTER, U. S. S. Powhatan. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, A 27, 1861. Sw: The Powliatan will be a permanent guard ship for the present and hoist the guard flag. You will have all vessels bound in or out of Pensacola boarded by a lieutenant, who will report to me immediately if he learns anything of importance, otherwise in the evening. If any vessels bound in are found to have munitions of war on board, they are not to be allowed to enter the harbor. No force is to be used in stopping those bound out. The Wyandotte will afford assistance in towing your boat and intercepting vessels when necessary. Very respectfully your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain Senior 0 Lieutenant Commanding D. ID. PORTER, ificer Present. U. S. S. Powhatan. This order was issued and enforced before any knowledge of the Presidents proclamation (which is dated on the 19th April) had reached me. On the evening of May 12 received from Havana by the Water Witch a copy of the Presidents proclamation of blockade, and announced to General Bragg next morning the blockade of the place. PHILADELPHIA, September 2, 1862. DEAR CAPTAIN: I received your letter of the 1st instant referring to certain complaints made through correspondents of your course while in command off Fort Pickens, to the effect that the ships might have been more actively engaged, and that opportunities were neglected for accomplishing some brilliant and important exploit. My own judg- ment so entirely approves of your management and disposition of the force nnder your command during the exciting, pecnliar, and delicate circumstances under which you were placed that I look back with much satisfaction to the fact that I was associated with you. AJl the events are quite fresh in my recollection. I know that during the first period of your command an armistice existed which required that nothing should be done by the ships that could be construed into a reenforce- ment of Fort Pickens, during which time the squadron enjoyed many advantages ~n procuring supplies from the port and navy yard, and, indeed, withont which we could not have remained off Pickens, but would have been obliged to detail one of the vessels constantly to pro- cure them. In the meantime every, preparation was made to land a force (night or day) in case the rebels should violate the armistice and make an attack. Men, marines, boats, and officers were detailed and kept in a constant state [of I readiness to embark. Stations were assigned them in the fort and signals established to regulate the land- ing and attack. Subseqnently an order was received to reenforce. It was immediately and successfully carried out by landing a large force of seamen and marines. In a few days after Colonel Harvey Brown arrived, in command of a considerable force, accompanied by a numbe Page 132 132 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. of transports, all the troops, artillery horses, munitions, and baggage were landed by the boats of the squadrona work of great labor and exposure. Colonel Brown brought orders from Washington that all officers of the Navy should cooperate with him, and render him every aid in car- rying out his plans and instructions, which were to defend Fort Pickens against attack, bat at the same time to act strictly ou the defensive; great stress was laid upon this last point. An order was giveu that nothing should be done that was likely to bring on an attack, as the fort was not in a state of sufficient readiness to engage the enemys bat- teries. The ships, by his request, were placed as close to the beach of Santa Rosa as their draft of water would permit, in order to command the approaches by laud, and while so placed it would have been impos- sible for the enemy to have lauded as they afterwards did. Upon the arrival of Captain McKean the squadron was dispersed on blockading duty. I am aware that you enforced the blockade of Pensacola before any official order was received from Washington to do so. No other ports were blockaded, because Colonel Brown required the presence of all the ships for the protection of the fort. I recollect having had frequent consultations with you upon the best mode of attacking the enemy in case active hostilities should commence; that you had arranged that the Wyandotte should tow your ship, the Sabine, into the harbor, and the St. Louis to a position to the westward of Fort Mcltee, and 1 sounded in that direction to ascertain it the St. Louis conld approach near enough to make her guns available. I recollect that upon the approach of the Powhatan under English colors, with the purpose, as afterwards ascertained, of entering the port, her destination was changed by the request of Colonel Meigs, who had seen the enemys strength, the con- dition of affairs in the fort, and conferred with its commander. I do not recollect of anything being suggested by Colonel Brown that was not fully and promptly carried out by the ships under your command, and up to the time of my departure from Pickens (on blockading duty) I do not think the ships could with any advantage have engaged in any operations against the enemy further than was done. I am, very truly, yours, C. II. PooR. [Captain II. A. ADAMs.~ Copy of a letter from Colonel Brown to Gener~d Bragg, showing that up to that date (May 22, 1861) he had been acting only on the defen- sive,in which course I had been cooperating with him, in accordance with his own wishes and the orders of the President: HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, May 22, 1861. SIR: In my letters to you of the 17th ultimo I announced my intention of acting only on the defensive unless assailed. Since then your so-called Government has commenced an unholy and parricidal war on our common country, and you personally have been hostilely engaged in erecting batteries against this fort, an4 last night in anchoring a floating battery within range of and menacing my command. You will therefore be pleased to notice that I shall act on the offensive whenever the interests and honor of my country [require it]. HARVEY BROWN, Colonel. Brigadier-General BRAXTON BRAGG, Commanding Troops in Florida Page 133 OPERATIONS TN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 133 This brought an answer from General Bragg that the floating dock was not a battery, nor intended for hostile purposes, and things went on as before. U. S. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA, Off Pensacola, May 28, 1861. SIR: * ~ You will use all diligence to capture vessels with arms and muni- tions. It will also be your duty to capture any privateer or vessel you may meet on the high seas or in our waters depredating on our commerce or making hostile deni- onstratious toward the United States or any of its citizens. All vessels having on hoard arms, munitions, articles coutraband, or which are of a suspicious character, or that claim to helong to or have authority from any government or pretended gov- ernment not recognized by the United States. ~ * W. W. McKEAN, Captain H. A. ADAMS, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Commanding Frigate Sabine. U. S. S. NIAGARA, Off Mobile, May 29, 1861. SIR: * * * I learn that several vessels have been captured by privateers and sent into New Orleans, and one (that left Pensacola a short time since), with lumber, into Apalachicola. You will therefore capture all vessels you may meet with hoist- ing the secession flag or belonging to a secession State, and send them into the nearest port. W. W. MOKEAN, Captain H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Commanding Frigate Sabine, off Pensacola. The above are the first and only orders I received releasing me from my previous ones to act strictly on the defensive, and to cooperate with Colonel Brown in whatever way he might wish for the protection of Fort Pickens. It will be seen by other papers how eariiest Colonel Brown was in his desire that nothing should be done by the squadron which might be considered an act of hostility by the enemy, and bring on a collision before he was fully prepared for it. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT [OF] FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 22, 1861. CAPTAIN: Fearing that the safety of Forts Jefferson and Taylor may be put in jeopardy by recent political events, in virtue of authority vested in me by the Presi- dent of the iJuited States I respectfully request that you will place a vessel of war of your command at each of those forts, with orders to their respective commanders so to place the vessels as to afford security to the forts, and otherwise to render any assistance that may be necessary in any other manner to their respective commanders. HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Con~~~anding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. This letter shows how far Colonel Brown considered himself author- ized by the Presidents orders to dispose of the ships, and I did not question it, as it was nudeniable. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, May 19, 1861. CAPTAIN: * * * The enemy, besides Forts McRee and Barran. cas, have as you know, batteries extending from the former place t Page 134 134 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. the navy yard, inclusive, designed for the doable purpose of prevent- ing your ships entering the harbor and of bombarding this work. I do not see that the ships can be of any essential assistance to us here in case of bombardment. I have force enough to defend this fort on every side on which it can be now attacked, and the only vulnerable point is the island, an attack on the land side. If the enemy can make a lodgment, and establish batteries so as to drive off the ships, he can then make regular approaches to the fort, and render our situation very precarious, if his force is, as represented, 8,000 or 10,000 men, I am not strong enough to prevent his making such a lodgment. Major Tower, chief engineer, considers such a movement to be not only pos- sible, but one that will almost certainly occur. I do not agree with him in this view, feeling confident your forces can and will prevent it; but thinking that great deference is due to his opinion, I give you a brief statement on what he founds it. He thinks it is the move the enemy ought to make, and that he therefore will make it; that the dry or floating dock is to be floated over and grounded near the shore, so as (in connection with some other vessels) to be used as a battery for covering the landing and protecting the troops in making their lodg- ment; that the troops being landed some 3 or 4 miles off, and having established on the shore batteries to drive your ships off, will then advance by regular approaches, protected by their numerous batteries to the fort, nntil he can get sufficiently near to establish his breaching batteries. If he can do this we shall be entirely surrounded, and this place would probably fall. Now if, as I believe they can, the Navy will keep the island free from the enemy, it will fulfill all the duties of a belligerent nature that I desire now, and its services will be of the first importance. If, therefore, you will take the duty on you, and free me from such an attack, I shall consider you to have done me most valu- able service. I need not say that so far as my ability goes you will receive my active cooperation. * * * HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMs, etc. Confederate correspondence relative to the reenforeement of Eort Piekens. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, April 5, 1861. Dispatch of 3d received. We are prepared for defens~. Should the agreement not to reenforce be violated may I attack ~ Answer iinmedi- ately. BRAXTON BRAGG. Hon. L. P. WALKER, & eretary of War. [Telegram.] WAR DEPARTMENT, Montgomery, April 6, 1861. The Government at Washington have determined to reenforce Fort Pickens, and troops are now leaving for that purpose. S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General. Brigadier-General BRAXTON BRAGG Page 135 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 135 [Telegram.] MONTGOMERY, April 12, 1861. Lieutenant Worden, of U. S. Kavy, has gone to Pensacola with dis- patches. Intercept them. L. P. WALKER, General BRAGG, [& eretary of War.] Pensacola. [Telegram.] BARRANCAS, April 12, 1861. Mr. Worden had communicated with fleet before your dispatch received. Alarm guns have just fired at Fort Pickens. I fear the news is received and it will be reenforced before morning. It can not be prevented. Mr. Worden got off in cars before I knew of his land- ing. Major Chambers is in the cars. He will watch Mr. Wordens movements. If you deem it advisable, Mr. Worden can be stopped ~n Montgomery. BRAXTON BRAGG, Hon. L. P. WALKER. Brigadier- General. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, April 13, 1861. IReenforcements thrown into Fort Pickens last night by small boats from the outside. The movement could not even be seen from our side, but was discovered by a small reconnoitering boat. BRAXTON BRAGG, Hon. L. P. WALKER, Brigadier- General.. iS~eeretary of War. [Telegram.] MONTGOMERY, April 13, 1861. When you arrested Lieutenant Worden what instructions, if any, did he show you ~ Did he communicate to you that he had verbal instruc- tions; and if so, what were they~ He is here under arrest, and it is important for you to reply fully. L. P. WALKER. General BRAGG, Pensacola. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, April 14, 1861. Captain Adams, commanding the fleet, writes on 13th, just received. Subsequently to the date of your last letter, as you are l)robably aware, reenforcements have been placed in Fort Pickens in obedience to orders from the U. S. Government. Lieutenant Worden must have given these orders in violation of his word. Captain Adams executed them in violation of our agreement. BRAXTON BRAGG. Hon. L. P. WALKER Page 136 136 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Telogram.] PENSACOLA, April 14, 1861. Lieutenant Worden assured me he only had a verbal message of pacific nature. The reenforcement of Pickens was preceded by signal guns from there. What caused it I can not ascertain. Wordens mes- sage may have had no connection with the move. He was in Pensacola when the move was made. Five thonsand men here now and 2,000 more coming. Subsistence, forage, and transportation should be hurried. You can now spare the supplies from Snmter, which is ours. BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General. Hon. L. P. WALKER Secretary of War. Letter from Lieutenant Worden, U. S. Navy, to the Secretary of War of the Confederate States, requesting the reason for his arrest. MONTGOMERY, ALA., April 15, 1861. SIR: Very nnexpectedly I find myself a prisoner of war at this place. May I be permitted to request that you will do me the kindness to inform me of the grounds upon which I am so detained l Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN L. WORDEN, Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War, Montgomery. Letter from the Adjutant and Inspector General, C. S. Army, to Brigadier.General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding forces, Pensacola Harbor, regarding floating battery for Pensacola. ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERALS OFFICE, Montgomery, April 16, 1861. GENERAL: The Secretary of War urges upon you the importance of causing to be built a floating battery, unless you shonid have special objections to it. The one at Charleston performed admirably in enfilad- ing Fort Sumter, and Captain Hamilton, who superintended its con- strnction, can be sent down to Pensacola to superintend the one to be constructed there. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. COOPER, Adjutant and 1nsp~ctor General. Brigadier-General BRAXTON BRAGG, Commanding Forces, Pensacola Harbor, Warrington, Fla. Letter from Lieutenant Worden, U. S. Navy, to the Secretary of War of the Confederate States, making statement regarding his visit, under orders of U. S. Navy Department, to Pensacola. MONTGOMERY, April 16, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following st~atement,in relation to my recent visit to Pensacola, to your attention: I left Washington City on the morning of April 7 with a communica- tion from the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Adams, of the U. S. ship Sabine, and was informed by the Secretary that I would have n Page 137 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 137 difficulty in making the communication to Captain Adams under the existing agreement. I arrived at Pensacola on the morning of the 11th instant, announced myself to Mr. LeBaron as an officer of the U. S. Navy, who sent an officer with me to General Bragg. I informed Gen- eral Bragg that I had come from Washington, and desired to commu- nicate with Captain Adams, of the Sabine. He wrote me a pass authorizing me to go to the Sabine, and upon handing it to me he asked if I had dispatches for Captain Adams. I rcplied that I had not writ- ten ones, but that I had a verbal communication to make to him from the Navy Department. I then asked him if I would be permitted to land on my return toward Washington. He replied that I would, pro- vided Captain Adams or myself did nothing in violation of the agree. ment existing between them. I remarked that I knew nothing of the agreement he mentioned. I then left General Bragg and went to the navy yard, from whence I embarked for the Wyandotte about 4 oclock p. m. On reaching her I was informed by her commander that he could not carry me out to the Sabine that night, in consequence of the strong wind and rough sea on the bar. During that evening Lieutenant Slenimer, of Fort Pickens, came on board and I had a few moments social conversation with him. I had no dispatches for him whatever, and I gave him no information as to the nature of the communication which I had to make to Captain Adams. Of course he knew, as did every officer on board, that I came from the Navy Department to communicate with Captain Adams. On the next morning, the 12th instant, while waiting for the sea to subside on the bar so that the Wyandotte could go out, one of the officers sug- gested that we should go on shore and take a look at Fort Pickens, to which I assented. We accordingly about 9 oclock a. m. landed there and walked about the ramparts for half an hour and then returned on board. During my visit to the fort I did not see Lieutenant Slemmer, as he was asleep, and I did not desire to disturb him, as I had no object in seeing him except to pay him the proper visit of courtesy on going within the limits of his command. At about 10:30 or 11 oclock a. m. the Wyandotte went out of the harbor and put me on board the Sabine somewhere near 12 oclock. I made my communicatioii to Captain Adams and stated to him what General Bragg had said in relation to the agreement between them. He nevertheless gave me a written order to return to Washington as special messenger, which order you have. Of course 1 proceeded to obey the order, and was landed by the Wyandotte at Pensacola about 5 oclock p. m. I was told by Captain Adams that it was not necessary for me to see General Bragg on my return, and therefore I did not stop at his quarters. I make this statement, ready with the solemnity of an oath to be confirmed. It is made not with regard to personal safety or of any consequences that might result to me personally, but purely in defense of my honor as an officer and a gentleman. Several officers in the Confederate serviceamong them I will mention Captain D. N. Ingra. ham and Surgeon W. F. CarringtonI think I can appeal to with confidence. I respectfully submit this statement to the consideration of the hon- orable Secretary of War. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN L. WORPEN, Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. Hon. L. P. WALKER, Secretary of War, Montgomery Page 138 138 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Telegram.] PENSACOLA, April 17, 1861. Another naval steamer arrived to-day. Colonel Harvey Brown and several hundred men landed. Colonel B. informs me he will hold him- self on the defensive. BRAXTON BRAGG. Hon. L. P. WALKER. [Telegram.] MONTGOMERY, April 19, 1861. Have just received your letter of the 18th instant.* You are mis- taken about the fleet. It lies oft Pensacola. Am willing to do any- thing necessary to defend Savannah and its approaches, but think you will concur in opinion that your suggestion is not now necessary. Pen- sacola and not Pulaski is the point. This is certain. L. P. WALKER. J. E. BROWN, ilfilledgeville. [Telegram.] MONTGOMERY, April 19, 1861. Send to Pensacola the workman who planned, and Captain Hamilton, ~vho superintended, the construction of your floating battery. Hope von will do so at once. Mortars very much needed at Pensacola, and I hope you will send as many as possible, and without delay. L. P. WALKER. General BEAUREGARD, Charleston. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, A 15, 1861. Do not send Water Witch to sea without further instructions. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Captain S. F. Du PONT, Commandant Navy Yard, Philadelphia. Order of the Secretary 9f the Navy to Lieutenant Ronckendorfr U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch, to proceed to Fort Pickens, Fla. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 16, 1861. SIR: You will proceed with the U. S. S. Water Witch under your command, with all practicable dispatch, to the vicinity of Fort Pickens, and on your arrival there report for duty to the senior commanding officer present. aNot found Page 139 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 139 The principal service of the Water Witch will be as a dispatch vessel. Arrangements have been made for securing as often as possible mail communication by way of Havana between the seat of Government and Key West. It is highly important to maintain it between Key West and Fort Pickens. You will therefore, under the direction of your senior commanding officer, make arrangements for frequent and regular trips with the Water Witch between those points, unless your senior commanding officer should deem it important and advisable to communicate with other points, so regulating your trips as to correspond with those of the mail steamers between Havana and New York. The Department will keep a supply of coal at Key West in charge of the naval storekeeper. You will touch thcre on your way to Fort Pickens, communicate with the commanding officer at Fort Taylor, and take charge of any mail matter to be transmitted. On reporting to the senior commanding officer off Fort Pickens you will furnish him with a copy of these instructions. You will communi- cate frequently with the Department, sending your communications direct when not in the presence of a senior. Transmit to the Department before sailing a muster roll of the crew of the Water Witch and a separate list of her officers. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant WILLIAM RONCKENDORFF, Commanding U. S. S. Water Witch, Philadelphia. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, of departure of U. S. S. Water Witch. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 18, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that the Water Witch proceeded to sea at 5 oclock p. m. yesterday. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, I). C. Report of Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, of the arrival of that vessel at Havana, Cuba, from Indianola, Tex. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Havana, Cuba., April 19, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I arrived in this port yes- terday morning direct from Indianola [Tex.~, having only two days water on board. I found here the first lieutenant of the steamer Crusader, who had been sent over for the mail. He informed me that no l)rovisions could be procured at Key West. The Empire City, with the troops on board, being here, I purchased fromn the U. S. Army Subsistence Department, Captain [A. I{.J Eddy in charge, the provisions that we required, a Page 140 140 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO that was the oniy means that I had of obtaining them, giving the quartermaster a draft on the Navy Department for the amount [at] cost prices. Our boilers started again to leak before reaching port. We are now repairing, and shall probably be able to leave here to-morrow for Key West, where I shall take in coal and leave for Indianola, should I receive uo orders to the contrary after touching here again for the mail. I am, sir, your obedient servant, J. II. STRONG, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Captain Meigs, U. S. Army, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, offering suggestions as to disposi- tion of troops at Fort Pickens. U. S. TROOPSHIP ATLANTIC, Off Santa Rosa, April 20, 1861. DEAR COLONEL: If my estimate is correct you have now about 690 men inside Fort Pickens. The Illinois is here with two companies, say 168. The St. Louis has gone to order up two companies of infantry from Key West, say 154. You have, then, here 858; coming up, 154; total, 1,012. The Sabines crew is 450; Powhatan, 300; Brooklyn, 300; Wyandotte, 75; total, 1,125. Crew of the St. Louis, 250; Crusader, 100; Minnesota, 600; total, 950. Total force to be concentrated about Fort Pickens subject to your orders, 3,087. The soldiers will have six months supplies as soon as the Illinois is discharged. Now what to do with them. I agree with you in regard to the great importance of avoiding everything that will bring on a collision as long as possdble. The policy of the Government I under- stand to be to hold, occupy, and possess what we now have, and not to produce collision if it can be avoided- in no case to fire the first hos- tile gun. The attack upon Fort Pickens must be made by bombard- ment or cannonade. I believe that it is impossible to land a force upon this island in face of the batteries of the Powhatan, Brooklyn, and Wyandotte, properly placed, with out exposing it to sudden and swift destruction. If your men and means are all concentrated in Fort Pickens, every shell which enters the fort will tell a tale of destruc- tion. To concentrate all these appears to me to be ltke putting the depot of a besieging army in the ricochet and breaching batteries. I think that the true mode of treating [it] is that which regulates the advance batteries of a siege. The sand hills of Santa Rosa afford good, well-protected bayous or approaches, along which material, men, horses, and artillery can be moved, properly protected from all direct and enfilading fire by works of very small extent, needed only to close a few gaps and to cut through a few ridges. Au approach should be constructed across the open space at the foot of the glacis, and I think that a gallery through the glacis into the ditch may be advisable. I think that a gateway might be cut with advantage through the south entrance. I save the haul- ing of material and the hoisting of gun carriages over the ramparts. This gate, too, not being exposed to the direct fire of the opposing batter- ies, will not tempt an insubordinate, undisciplined volunteer to fire the shot which will open the war Page 141 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 141 The three 10-inch mortars brought from Key West and some other pieces of artillery I think might be well placed in battery outside the fort. The division of these batteries will divide the enemys fire, and thins lessen its destructive effect. The mortars, being reserved to throw out light and fire balls from the fort, may be placed behind one of the sand ridges in position to bombard the navy yard and its batteries. Here the mortar battery would be protected by the guns of Pickens. The light bat- tery and a large portion, say two-thirds, of the garrison I think should be placed in an iutreuched camp, in the woods where the horses landed. Here they could be without the range of the batteries on the mainland. They would occupy then 5 miles of the island. A plank road, with nat- ural epaulement ott east side, would afford plenty of communication. This communication would be protected by the guns of the fleet, which should be moved in position, and which could destroy any enemy attempting to cut it off. Vedettes and sentinels upon the ridge could keep up constant communication between the fort and the intrenched camp. Captain Barry will undertake it, as a boat expedition shall land in face of his guns. The working party and guard, detailed for twenty-four hours duty, should be kept in the fort to protect the provisions and ammuni- tion there deposited, to work the guns and repel a sudden assault, should the enemy be rash enough to undertake one. The troops in camp and in fort would be healthy, not exposed to fire or too hard worked, and I thiimk that all would be more cheerful, more comfortable, and more safe. The present crowded condition of the fort will, if it continues, bring on disease that in even a not crowded place will be destructive. I have thrown these ideas, the fruit of much reflection upon this subject, together, colonel, for your consideration, and hope they will prove worthy of your approval and adoption. Upon you rests, of course, the responsibility which acconmpanie~s command, and I defer to your greater experience, rank, and responsibility, merely offering that advice which commends itself to my judgment. I am, very truly, your friend and servant, M. C. MEIG-S, Captain of Engineers. Colonel H. BROWN, Commanding Department of Florida. [P. S.]You know that tents for 1,000 men should be on the liii. nois; that 10,000 yards of canvas afford means to cover the horses from sun and insects, and that ample stores of lumber, ordnance, provisions, etc., are here or on their way. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Ca Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present o~ Pen- sacola, requesting use of a small boat. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 20, 1861. CAPTAIN: As nothing was said to Lieutenant Murdaugh of the kind of boat, I would suggest that a fast-rowing gig or barge would be best, as I do not propose resistance to force, but to intercept any spies hang- ing around and to be able to have reports speedily sent me Page 142 142 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. If you will permit, I will Sen(l one of my officers in the boat, unless you can furnish this detail from yours, which I should greatly prefer, as the duties of mine just miow are hard. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commending Navel Forces off Pensacola. Letter from Captain ]lleigs, U. S. Army, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commending Department of Florida, suggesting means of defense at Key West and Tortugas. U. S. Tnoo~snw ATLANTIC, Santa Rose, April 22, 1861. DEAR SIR: If the news sent to Major Hunt by Colonel Bragg be correct as reported to me by Captain Porter, it becomes necessary to look for means to guard your communications and the most important posts of Key West and Tortugas against a naval enterprise. If the State of Yirginia has really rebelled and surprised the (Aosport [Nor- folk] navy yard, she has some good vessels, and she will very soon have officers to fight them, as Virginians will follow the fortunes of their native State. I do not thiiik, then, that the two companies ordered up from Key West should now be withdrawn from that place. I think that the Sebine and St. Louis, unless here, should go, one to Key West and one to Tortugas, and be moored in position to aid in the occupation and defense of these harbors. The letter of the President of 1st April, which you bear and which Captain Adams has seen, gives you full and ample authority to call upon him to make this disposition of his ships. The expedition under your command embraces the coast and islands of Florida in its scope, and your attention was particularly called to the even greater importance of Forts Taylor and Jefferson than of Fort Pickens. The value of all these posts is greatly increased if the news referred to be correct. I would call upon Captain Adams, in virtue of the authority in you vested by the President, to cooperate by sending these ships to Key West and Tortugas. The Crusader will be very useful here, the sailing ships there. Here you need steamers; and sailing ships, except as depots, are useless. From his present position it would take Captain Adams half a day in good weather to bring his guns into play, and in bad weather he could not move at all. The team road should be extended up the island to the landing. The sailors are hard worked and should be spared ro~iing. The plank between the gate and dock would make the road. Now less than ever would I put this precious material on the Atlantic and Illinois, at peril of destruction by a rough, drunken volunteers shot. If one of these ships is struck by such a shot, apologies will not restore her. Too little work was done yesterday on ship and shore. I enclose a copy of your letter of the 17th instant to me, which I handed to Captain Porter endorsed, as you will see. By this I suc- ceeded in stopping him. I am, very truly and respectfully, your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGS, Captain, Engineers, Chief Engineer. Colonel H. BROWNS Commending Military Department of Florida, Fort Picicens. P. S.This ship, if properly supplied with boats, can sail by 1 p. m. to-day Page 143 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 143 Report of Captain Adams, U. AS. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, of the arrival at that place of the U. S. S. Powhatan, Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 22, 1861. SIR: 1 have the honor to inform you of the arrival of the Powhatan at this place on the 17th instant. Her men and boats have since been usefnlly employed with those of the other ships in landing military stores for Fort Pickens. I regret to inform you that the scurvy has broken ont on board the Sabine, and in the opinion of the surgeon is likely to spread. She ought to go immediately to some place where fresh meat and vegetables for the crew can be had. Since Fort Pickens has been reeiiforced and no difficulty now exists in getting supplies to it, and the Brooklyn, Pow- hatan, and Wyandotte are here, I think her longer presence may be dis- pensed with, and I beg your orders on the subject. Lieutenant Murdaugh has sent in his resignation. This will reduce the number of lieutenants to three, a number far too small to keep the ship and crew in order. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, 1). C. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Flor- ida,to Captain Adams, U S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, requesting the presence of vessels at Ports Jefferson and Taylor, lila. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Port Pickens, April 22, 1861. CAPTAIN: Fearing that the safety of Forts Jefferson and Taylor may be put in jeopardy by recent political events, iu vhtue of authority vested in me by the President of the United States I respectfully request that you will place a vessel of war of your command at each of those forts, with orders to their respective commanders to so place their vessels as to afford security to the forts, and otherwise to render any assistance that may be necessary in any other manner to their respective commanders. I am, captain, respectfully, your most obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Porces off Pensacola. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U~ S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, requesting conference and cooperation. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Port Pickens, April 22, 1861. CAPTAIN: The news we have just received that Virginia has seceded and the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard taken, if true, is highly importan Page 144 144 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. to us, and renders precautionary measures for the protection of Torru- gas and Key West necessary, and 1 wish very much to confer with you on the snbject at as early a moment as possible. I will, if you will send me a boat, wait on you, but as my time is con- stantly employed and my presence almost indispensable here, if you would come to me I will thank you. Work presses on me so much, and I have so great a quantity of valu- able property scattered on the beach, that I have to solicit 100 marines or sailors for two or three days to bring the stores from the beach to the fort. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARvEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding cooperation with the Army for the defense of Key West and Tortugas. U. S. FRIG-ATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 22, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that, agreeably to a request from Colonel Brown, I have ordered the Crusader to remain at Key West and the St. Louis to proceed to the Tortugas and remain there to cooperate in the defense of the fortifications if it should be necessary. She will remain there until further orders, or until she is relieved. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, regarding landing of stores. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTM~ENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Psckens, April 22, 1861. CAPTAIN: Our labors in unloading the steamer will be much facili- tated if the Wyandotte will tow the boats to and from the ship. If she would take them all in tow and come as near the fort as she can, and then anchor and await their return and tow them back, and continue to do this, we can have the stores landed, with much less labor than now, close to the fort and can get along with much greater ease and rapidity. I respectfully request that you will have the goodness to give orders to this effect to the commander of the Wyandotte. I am, captain, respectfully, your most obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces Page 145 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 145 Report of Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department 9/ Flor- ida, regarding steps taken for protection of Key West and Tortugas. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Port Pickens, April 22, 1861. COLONEL: Since writing my dispatches I have seen newspaper extracts announcing the secession of Virginia, the taking Fort Sumter and Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard. Should this news be true, the secu- rit~y of Key West and Tortugas might be jeopardized. I have there- fore countermanded my order for bringing two companies from Key West here, and I shall urge Captain Adams to keep a ship at Tortugas and one at Key West in position to protect the works at these places. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Colonel tJommandin Lieutenant-Colonel E. ID. KEYES, g Secretary to the General in Chief, Washington, D. C. Order of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, to Commander Gibson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship St. Louis, to proceed with that vessel to Tortugas. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 22, 1861. SIR: On the receipt of this you will proceed to the Tortugas with the St. Louis, and place the ship in the most suitable position to assist in repelling any attack upon the fortifications. You will consult with the officer of the Army on this point, and remain there until you are relieved or receive further orders. Very resneetfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Commander ALEXANDER GIBSON, Commanding U. S. Ship St. Louis, off Key West. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, regarding suspicious movements of vessels in Pensacola Harbor. hEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, Aliril 23, 1861. CAPTAIN: A small steamer has been plying about the inside close to the land all the afternoon, and he landed some of his men about 3 miles from here, and continued there after night, and this evening another steamer is reported as having gone there. I have ordered a company to the spot, and if you will send some of your boats they will probably return. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Gommanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces o~f Pensacola. N W RVOL 4 1 Page 146 146 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, of proposed departure from Key West for Pensacola. U. S. S. MOHAWK, Key West, Fla., April 25, 1861. Sw: I have the honor to inform you that I have this moment received by the steamer Baltic orders from Captain Adams, of the U. S. frigate Sabine, to proceed immediately to Pensacola. As soon as our repairs are finished and we can take in coal I shall proceed to obey the order. The steamer Baltic leaves here immediately for Havana and the United States. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. H. STRONG, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, connnanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola. HEADQUARTERS, Fort Pickens, April 25, 1861. CAPTAIN: I have very important, though unofficial, news, about which I would like to confer with you, if you will do me the favor to come on shore to-morrow morning. I am, very respectfully, captain, your most obedient servant, hARVEY BROWN, Brevet Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. General order from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding cooperation for the defense of Fort Pickens, Fla. ORDER.] U. S. FRIGATE SAEINE, Off Pensacola, April 26, 1861. Colonel Brown thinks it probable that an attempt may be made by General Bragg to land forces on Santa Rosa Island with a view of making approaches by land against Fort Pickens, in which case lie asks the cooperation of the squadron to prevent it. You will therefore have as many men ready to land as can be spared with safety to your ship. The signal of danger will be two rockets thrown up from the fort, which are to be answered by the ships. On seeing this signal you will immediately have your boats manned and armed for service. A detachment of soldiers will leave the fort at the same time, and march along the beach on the sea side toward the ships, displaying two red lights. They will form near the beach, opposite the ships, to cover the landing of the seamen. Their position being known by the red lights, the boats will land as near them as possible, and the men formed to unite with the soldiers in executing whatever orders are given by the commanding officer. H. A. ADAMS, Captain, U. S. Navy, Senior Officer Present Page 147 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 147 Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, urging immediate shipment of coal and supplies to Key West. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Havana, April 2G, 1861. SlR: I have the honor to report that I have come to this place by the request of Major W. II. French, commanding U. S. troops at Key West, who has sent the quartermaster to purchase mules for the Gov- ernment, which I will take to Key West in the Crusader. I call your attention to the necessity for immediately shipping coal to Key West; the supply there will soon be exhausted by the squadron. It will also be advisable to forward provisions to Key West without delay, as the stores on hand were all taken by the steamer Brooklyn. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AuGS. CRAVEN, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GiDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, regarding impaired condition of the boiler of that vessel. U. S. S. CRUSADER. Key West, April 26, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that the boiler of this ship has become so thin and defective that the efficiency of the vessel is entirely impaired. I can at no time depend on the ship for active service, and at this critical juncture I am much worried by the constant leaky condition of the boiler. I enclose the report of the engineer, and would urgently recommend that a boiler be at once ordered for this ship. I am, very respectfully, your. obedient servant, T. AUGS. CRAVES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Nacy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Ronckendor~f, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch, of the arrival of that vessel at Key West. U. S. S. WATER WITCH, Off Key West, Fla., April 26, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the l)epartinent of my arrival at tbis place yesterday [at] 7 p. in., making the passage from the Delaware Breakwater in six days and ten hours. All well on board. I find the ][fohawk and sloop St. Louis at anchor here, the former coal- ing to leave at meridian for Fort Pickens. The steamer Crusader spoke me off the harbor. She, I learn, is bound to Havana. The Mohawk will take what mail I have for For Page 148 148 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Pickens. I shall remain till Sunday, 28th instant, for the return of the Crusader and take whatevei mail matter she may have for my destination. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. RONCKENDORFF, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department ~f Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, ad vising detention of vessels carrying contraband of war. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 27, 1861. CAPTAIN: I received yesterday the lanterns and your order,* for which I am much obliged. We are sadly deficient in 8-inch shells for our seacoast howitzers to act against the navy yard. I am told that you have some; if so, and you can spare me a part of them, it will greatly relieve me. I am also told that the Brooklyn has an abundaiice of 9-inch shell guns. I would submit to your consideration the expediency of establishing with three of these guns a naval battery near the fort, to be exclusively manned and fought by the Navy. Your cooperation in this manier would be of the most essential importance, and the Navy associated with the Army in the defense of this fort would cause a generous emulation between the two services, productive of the best and most generous feeling. I am told that a vessel is now on her way from Charleston to this place, loaded with an Armstrong gun, ammunition, and projectiles. It is of vital importance to us that such a gun should not be used against us,and I cau not but think that with the information we now have of the actual commencement of hostilities you will be fully warranted in detaining her or any other vessel having articles contraband of war. Will you permit me to suggest whether your not doing so may not be viewed unfavorably at home. I would not nnder existing circumstances propose capturing vessels containing articles contraband of war, but only that entrance to the harbor shall be prohibited to them. I am, captain, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, HARVEY B~ROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Flor- ida, regarding establishment of a shore battery. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, April 28, 1861. SIR: I fully concur with you in the propriety of preventing munitions of war from being carried into Pensacola, and have given the necessary ~Seep. 146 Page 149 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO 149 orders to that effect. The establishment of a naval battery on shore seems to me at this time almost impracticable. Our men are exhausted by hard work, which is still accumulating, and diminished by sickness and detachments. The remainder are necessary for the care and defense of the ships and for landing parties to cooperate with you. Officers we have none. I am hourly looking for the arrival of Flag-Officer String- l~am, to whom I will refer your proposal immediately. He will have a fresh crew and officers to spare. In the meantime I would suggest that a place for the battery be selected and prepared for the guns by laying platforms, etc. They are very heavy and will require solid foundations. Will not the guns of the Brooklyn do qnite as efficient service ou board as they would on shore to prevent in the manner we discussed the other day the approach to the fort by Santa Rosa~ In case of necessity she can get much nearer the beach than she now is. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. ADAMS, Colonel H. BROWN, Captain, AS1enior Officer Present. Commanding Department of Florida, Fort Pickens. Let/er from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, rega ding erection of shore batteries. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 28, 1861. CAPTAIN: I am aware of the full force of your reasons for not wish- ing to man a battery ashore; I acquiesce in your decision. I intended, as you suggest, to erect the batteries at any event, in the hope of getting guns of our own with which to arm it. The Brooklyns guns will do us good service in keeping the island from being infested, but not in bettering the navy yard if we are attacked. I am, captain, respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Captain II. A. ADAMS, Colonel, Commanding. Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Letter from Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U~ S. S. Pow- hatan, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, regarding a Confederate s~py. U. S. STEAM SLOOP POWIIATAN, April 28, 1861. DEAR SIR: The enclosed letter* will give you a pretty good idea of our spy. He tore it up and threw the pieces into a spit box. I had. them collected and put together. All his movements are watched. He wrote another yesterday, which I shall get hold of before long. Please save the enclosed for me. I shall probably be pulling about the chan- nel and harbor to-night or to-morrow night. Will you direct your * See Army War Records, Series I, Vol. I, p. 403 Page 150 150 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. guard boat to keep clear of ine~ I shall be in a black double-banked boat, and the enemy have none such. If the guard boat gets close to us, the watchword is Bragg. A little pilot-boat schooner chartered by the Army arrived here yes- terday. She would be a great acquisition to us for certain purposes, while here doing nothing. I am to act as guard ship hereafter and pre- vent the inside people from receiving munitions of war. The schooner would be a great assistance in enabling me to cut off fast sailing ves- sels. If you have the authority, do you not think that it would be well to keep her here~ I will mount a rifle gun on her. Captain Adams has appointed the Wyandotte to assist me, bnt she draws 15 feet of water, and could not chase those fellows over the shoal spots, and her machinery is defective. I could do more with the schooner, partieu- larly with a breeze. I am, very truly and respectfully, yours, D. D. PORTER, Lieutenant, Commanding. Colonel HARVEY BROWN, Commanding Port Pickens, Pla. Letter from Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Nary, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, regarding a pilot boat. [U. S. S.] POWHATAN, April 28, 1861. DEAR SIR: I suggested to Colonel Brown that the little pilot boat would be of service to us out here in helping to overhaul vessels that would run into shoal water and escape the Wyandotte; he sent me word that she is at your service. Will you permit me to use her as I pro- pose ~ I can get her alongside of a vessel while the Wyandotte is get- ting up steam. Very respectfully, etc., DAVID D. PORTER, Lieutenant, Commanding. Captain II. A. ADAMS, Commanding Officer, etc. Report of Commander Gibson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship St. Louis, of the arrival of that vessel at Key West from Pensacola. U. S. SHIP ST. Louis, Off Key West, Fla., April 28, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that this ship arrived here on the 25th instant from Pensacola and that she is now under orders from Captain Adams, the senior officer of the Home Squadron, to proceed to Tortu- gas, to remaiu there until further orders. I shall leave here the very moment I can fill the ship with the neces- sary water and provisions for the Tortugas. I would respectfully represent that there are two men on board this ship whose term of service has expired over three months, one of them over five months; these men have asked for their discharge, the ship being in an American port, and on the ground that they did not shi Page 151 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 151 for war service. These men are both foreigners. I would also repre- sent that there are five men whose term of service will expire in May and June, and that the time of the remainder of the old crew of the ship will expire in July and August. I am, sir, somewhat at a loss how to act iu this matter; the law only justifies us in detaining men in our own ports for thirty days after the expiration of their term of service, and if I should commence, in obedience to that law, to discharge the men as their term of service expires I should disable the ship. I have concluded to keep these men whose term of service has expired until sufficient time elapses to enable me to hear from you and to obtain your directions on the subject. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEX. GIBSON, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [P. S.]In addition to the foregoing I would most respectfully state that as far as the officers of this ship are concerited they are, one and all, heart and soul devoted to the cause of the Government, and are ready to make any sacrifice which the furtherance of that cause may call for. Under other circumstances I should hardly have deemed it necessary to state that officers are now ready and willing to do their duty, but in the present state of affairs and great uncertainty that exists as to those who are loyal and faithful to their allegiance I deem that it is not uncalled for. I most respectfully request that I may hereafter be considered and registered as a citizen of New York. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEX. GIBSON, Commander. [Endorsement.] It is not advisable to discharge the men at remote points when hos- tilities exist against the flag; but as soon as circumstances permit they should be placed on board some returning vessel after the expiration of service. G.W. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior otficer present off Pen- sacola, regarding ammunition. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, April 30, 1861. CAPTAIN: In my letter of the 26th [27th] I requested to know whether you had any 8-inch howitzer shells that you could spare, as we are much in want of some. You do not notice this request in your answer, hav- ing probably overlooked it. Will you now be so good as to inform me; and if you can furnish any, how many~ I wish to know before the sailing of the Illinois, that I may make the necessary requisitions for what I can not get here. It is reported to me by the officer in charge on the beach that the coxswains and crews of some of the boats yesterday were negligent and insubordinate, staying a long time on the beach, and in two instances entirely leaving the boats, regardless of the positive orders of the officer Page 152 152 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. I have placed a sentinel and a barrel of water on the beach with orders prohibiting the crews leaving it, but an officer of the Navy detailed for this duty, whom the sailors would obey, would very much facilitate our work. I am, captain, respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces. Letter from Commander ]IiEeade, U. S. Navy, to the Secretary of the Navy, making suggestions for the blockade of the coast of Texas and requesting appointment to active service. NEW YORK, April 30, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to press upon your attention the fitting out of a steam propeller tug, to draw, when loaded, between 9 and 10 feet, and to carry sufficient armament; the tug to be very fast, with a view to service between New Orleans and Texas; to have a complement of officers and men to serve as prize crews in certain captures, which can and will assuredly be made. The great aim to be to interrupt the enemys communications, keep open our own, drive from these waters every hostile bottom, threaten all points, attack and break up all trade in rivers, inlets, harbors, and their approaches from Key West around to the Rio Grande, at the same time [to] protect loyal citizens, convoy, tow, and be generally useful. There is at present a certain locality where there is a large trade car- ried on with impunity, viz, the Opelousas road to Berwick Bay, that carries all the supplies that Texas now requires, such as war implements, stores, and provisions. These could be readily stopped by such a tug as I respectfully suggest, and thus put an end to and destroy so lucra- tive and dangerous a trade carried on by the enemy. So long as these ports are open the Government can not cripple the resources of Texas materially, as requisite. I beg to offer my services for this command, should it be the pleasure of the Department. 1 respectfully refer the Department for fuirther particulars to Master Edward M. Keige, bearer of this communication. Captain Keiges character as a seaman and a gentleman, extensively known, will not suffer by comparison with any other shipmaster, as eminently qualified to command any steamship or other vessel. I hope the Department will assign him to my command as acting master, and that I may be allowed four masters mates, competent to take charge of prizes. Captain Keige has commanded for over six years on the coast of Texas and Florida, is intimate with those inland bahias and shoals running out to the westward of Ship Island from 5 to 7 leagues from the land, around the Sabine Pass, where there are channels between which you can get from 2~ to 5 fathoms, and it is between these chan- nels that the Berwick Bay and Texas steamers pass. It is here, where no surveys have yet been made by the Government of our coast to the westward of Shell Keys light, that the utility of such a steam tug [as is] herewith suggested will be prominently manifested. There are now three of the finest steamships belonging to New Orleans running from Berwick Bay to Texas, two of which (iron steam- ers) are loaded with freight and passengers, from New Orleans and back four times a week. They ply with impunity and without suspicion that Government can molest them. I feel safe in saying that with thi Page 153 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 153 steam tug I could certainly capture two of these ships. I would respectfully beg to refer the Government to my communication of the 7th of February, applying for active service. Captain Keige, bearer of this communication, will demonstrate the valuable service to be rendered and name the proper and available ves- sel that can be at once chartered for this duty, should it be the pleas- nrc of the Government to honor my suggestion. I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, B. W. MEAPE, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding detention of vessels suspected of carrying munitions of war. U. S. FRIGATE SABIKE, Off Pensacola, May 1, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th ultimo, acquainting me that money for the squadron would come out by the Water Witch and Minnesota. The Mohawk arrived here yesterday from Key West, in obedience to an order from me. She left the Water Witch at Key West waiting for the next mail, and sailed to-day for the coast of Texas to carry out her original orders, after which she will return here. Having heard that an Armstrong gun was to be shipped from Charleston for Pensacola, I cause every vessel bound into the harbor to be brought to and exam- ined, with orders to detain any that may have munitions of war on board. Colonel Brown has given me the use of the pilot boat Oriental for this purpose. I hope this step will meet the approbation of the Department. I must beg leave respectfully to call your attention to the circumstances of this ships company. They are getting very much discontented at the length of the cruise. The scurvy is increasing among them and they have had no fresh meat for more than three months. The term of service of about seventy has expired, or will expire in the course of the month, and after that the time of a majority will soon be out. All wish to be discharged. The extra pay they dont care for. They want to get home, and if they do so now the country can have the services of three-fourths of them again iii a month. By that time they will have recovem-ed their health and spirits, seen their friends, spent their money, and be ready to ship again. It will be very desirable to get men as well drilled and taught as they are on board ships just starting on a cruise. I hope this may receive the favorable consideration of the Department. The crew is a good one and has served faithfully through a cruise which has been long and unpleasant. Since they came on board in 11858 they have had liberty on shore but once for twenty-four hours. Sailing ships are unsuited for the kind of service required on this coast; steamers only will answer. I take the liberty to suggest also that the Brooklyn should be called home for repairs. Her engines and boilers are getting in bad condition from long use and the necessity of keeping the fires constantly up. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES Captain, Senior Officer Present. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 154 154 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Lieutenant Baldwin, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. iVyandotte. U. S. S. WYANDOTTE, Off Fort Pickens, Pensacola, May 2, 1861. SIR: In compliance with the order dated Navy Department, April 8, 1861, addressed to myself, I have assumed the command of this vessel on this day. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, AUG. S. BALDWIN. Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. G. ~TELLES Report of Lieutenant Ronekendorif, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch. U. S. S. WATER WITCH, Off Fort Pickens, Fla., May 2, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report my arrival here sixty-six hours from Key West. All well. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. ItONCKENDORFF, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from P. Phillips, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, making enquiry regarding status of the blockade. WASHINGTON, May 2, 1861. SIR: Referring to the conversation I had the honor to hold with you this morning, I have now to inform you that under date 24th April Messrs. I). Solomon & Co., of Philadelphia, write that their agents at Mobile have shipped on board of the British ship James Yeo, now at that port, for Liverpool, 2~O bales of cotton. They inform me that many other parties are in the same condition, and are all anxious to learn the views of the Government as to the effect of the blockade which it has proclaimed. I presume it is too well settled, at least in this country, where the most liberal views have been maintained, that as to neiftrals the block- ade dates from the time when it exists in point of fact, to wit, when there is a power present to enforce it, and that it does not debar a neu- tral found in port when it was instituted, or prevent egress with a cargo bona fide purchased and laden before its commencement. It is as clearly the interest of the Government as that of the shippers that whatever construction may be given should be at once made pub- lic. I therefore, in behalf of my clients, respectfully request to be informed at your earliest leisure whether any instructions on this head have been given to the blockading squadron, or that I may have such other information as would authorize me to give satisfactory assurance. With respect, yonr obedient servant, P. PHILLIPS. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy Page 155 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 155 Report of (Japtain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding disposition of vessels and officers of his command. U. S. FRIGATE SABENE, Off Pensacola, May 3, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you of the arrival of the Water Witch yesterday from Key West. Owing to the fonarrival of the New York steamer at Havana in time, she brought no later intelligence from the United States than had previously been received by the Mohawk. The Water Witch will be immediately employed in carrying out your instructions regarding the mail between this place and Key West. For the sake of expedition I may sometimes judge it best to send her direct to Havana. The steamer Philadelphia arrived this morning with mili- tary stores. The boats of the squadron are now engaged in landing them. The illinois was discharged and sailed yesterday. The follow- ing changes have been made in the distribution of officers to the ships: Lieutenant Commanding Baldwin and Lieutenants Stihiwell and Fitch have joined the Wyandotte; Lieutenant Williamson has returned to the Brooklyn; Lieutenant Murdaugh, whose resignation I lately forwarded, I have ordered to the Supply; Lieutenant Jones, of the St. Louis, to the Supply; Lieutenants Maxwell and Hopkins from the Supply to the Sabine. 1 hope to get the Supply off in about a week. The Water Witch sails to-day for Tortugas, carrying an Army officer who is to bring down some military stores in her. She will go to Havana and Key West for the mail and to make arrangements for its speedy conveyance in future. Very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Secretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain McKean, U. S. Navy, com- manding U. S. S. Niagara, to proceed to blockade duty in the Gulf of Mexico. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 4, 1861. SIR: A dispatch* was sent to you to New York on the 2d to proceed and institute a blockade at Charleston. This morning however a communication was received from the Secretary of State~ enclosing~ a letter, of which I send you a copy, containing information so important that I deem it necessary to order the Niagara at once to the Gnlf. It is, moreover, as essential that an immediate and actual blockade of New Orleans and Mobile should take place as of Charleston. You will therefore on the receipt of this proceed to the Gulf and take measures for instituting and carrying into effect a rigid blockade of the Mississippi, and such other ports, especially Mobile, as the force under your command will admit, and in connection therewith nse all diligence to capture the vessels with arms and munitions on board. Herewith you will receive a copy of the Presidents proclamation ordering a blockade. This on your arrival out you will proceed to carry into effect, giving public notice thereof in the best manner you can, allowing no vessels to obtain ingress into the port or river block- ~See p.367 Page 156 156 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. aded. INeutrals will be allowed fifteen days to leave, with or without cargo. No neutral vessel proceeding toward the entrance of a block- aded port should be captured or detained if she shall not have previ- ously received from one of the blockading squadron a specific notification of the existence of the blockade. This notification should be inserted iii writing on the muster roll of the neutral vessel by the cruiser which meets her, and it should contain the announcement, together with a statement of the day and the latitude in which it was made. At present there are, mostly at Pensacola and Key West, the steam- ers Brooklyn, Powhatan, Wyandotte, Crusader, and ]Jfohawk, and sailing vessels Sabine, St. Louis, and Supply. II trust we may get the blockade systematized and in vigorous prose- cution forthwith. Let us hear from you frequently and fully in regard to all matters, and especially as to the wants of the squadron. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain W. W. MOKEAN, Commanding U. S. S. Niagara. [Enclosures.] NEW YoRK, May 3, 1861. SIR: The Blockading Squadron should know that from positive infor- mation we learn that a heavy shipment of arms is now expected at the ports of Mobile and New Orleans from Belgium, ordered in behalf of the States of Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Georgia. They are not yet received, but are hourly expected and are anxiously waited for by the Montgomery Government. There are 50,000 stand in the contract alluded to. This information is positive and unequivocal. * * * S. DRAPER. Hon. W. II. SEWARD, Secretary of State. By the President of the United States of AmericaA Proc~aination. Whereas an insurrection against the Government of the United States has broken out in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the United States for the collection of the revenue can not be effe~tually executed therein, conformably to that provision of the Constitution which requires dnties to be uniform throughout the United States; and Whereas a combination of persons engaged in such insurrection have threatened to grant pretended letters of marque to authorize the bearers thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and property of good citizens of the country lawfully engaged in commerce on the high seas and in waters of the United States- and Whereas an Executive proclamation has been already issued requir- ing the persons engaged in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, calling out a militia force for the purpose of repressing the same, and convening Congress in extraordinary session to deliberate and determine thereon: Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, with a view to the same purposes before mentioned, and to the prote Page 157 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 157 tion of the public peace and the lives and property of quiet aiid orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupations until Congress shall have assembled aiid deliberated on the said unlawftil proceedings, or until the same shall have ceased, have further deemed it advisable to set on foot a blockade of the ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the United States and of the law of nations in such case provided. For this purpose a competent force will be posted so as to l)revent entrance and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, there- fore, with a view to violate such blockade a vessel shall approach or shall attempt to leave either of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the commander of one of the blockading vessels, who will endorse on her register the fact and date of such warning, and if the same vessel shall again attempt to enter or leave the blockaded port she will be captured and sent to the nearest convenient port for such proceed- ings against her and her cargo as prize as may be deemed advisable. And I hereby proclaim and declare that if any person, under the pretended authority of the said States, or under any other pretense, shall molest a vessel of the United States, or the persons or cargo on board of her, such person will be held amenable to the laws of the United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. iDone at the city of Washington this nineteenth day of April, in the [L. 5.] year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President: WILLIAM II. SEWARD, & cretary of state. Report of Lieutenant Frailey, U. ~. Navy, commanding U. S. bark Release of the cruise of that vessel from New York to Fort Pickens. U. S. STOREBARK RELEASE, Off Fort Pickens, iJilay 4, 1861. SIR: in compliance with your instructions of the 27th March, 1861, I had the honor to inform you of my sailing from New York on the 5th instant [ultimo], and now beg leave to report the arrival of this ship off this anchorage to-day after a rather lengthy passage of twenty-nine days. On the night of the 14th April, in nine and a half days from Sandy Hook, I passed Abaco light and on through North West Providence Channel with a fresh easterly wind, with a fond hope of being able to pass through [the] Straits of Florida to the southward and thereby make a quick run to my destination. In this expectation I was, however, sadly disappointed, as on reaching the neighborhood of the Moselle Shoal [Banki, some few miles south of the Great Isaac light-house, the wind shifted to the southward and with a falling barometer forced me into the Gulf Stream. An effort was then made to run in on the bank and anchor, but in a very short time afterwards the wind freshened and blew in squalls accompanied by heavy rain, thunder, and light- ning, and the current drifting me rapidly to the northward, induced me to bear up and stand in that direction. Early the following morn- ing it was blowing heavily from the southward and westward, continu- ing for that and the following day, accompanied with a heavy sea. Page 158 158 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. course was then shaped for the Caicos Passage, through which I passed on the 22d ultimo, westerly winds generally prevailing until we reached the latitude of 24~O N. Since reaching the east end of Cuba to this period the winds have been exceeding light. I need scarcely add that my discomfiture on the 15th gave me no little concern, but trust the Department will approve at least the efforts made to comply with my orders to proceed with all practicable dis- patch. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAS. MADISON FRAILEY, Lieutenant, Commanding. lion. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Order oj the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Price, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Huntsville, to proceed to blockade duty in the Gulf of Mexico. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 6, 1861. SIR: You will proceed immediately on the receipt of this communica- tion with the dispatches to Captaiu McKean, of the Niagara, who is off Charleston Harbor or in that vicinity. After joining the Niagara you will proceed in company with her to the Gulf to carry into effect the instructions given to Captain McKean, and to enforce a rigid blockade of New Orleans and Mobile. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. [Commander C. PRICE, U. S. Navy,] Commanding Steamer Huntsville. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding U. S. S. Huntsville. ConfidentiaL] NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 6, 1861. SIR: From a telegraphic dispatch to the War Department it is sup- posed the Niagara has gone to Charleston. Orders had been issued to her to that effect, but information received on the same day led to a supposition that she would leave with troops for the Chesapeake before the orders directing her to Charleston should be received. If she has left for Charleston you will direct that the Huntsville be got in readiness forthwith to proceed with the accompanying dispatches to Captain McKean, and report to that officer off Charleston Harbor. The Huntsville will go prepared to accompany the Niagara to the Gulf and assist in the blockade and such other duties as Captain McKean, or the senior officer on that station, may order. A telegram was sent you this morning in relation to this steamer, but no answer has been received up to the time this dispatch was closed. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commanding Navy Yard, New York Page 159 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 159 Notice of blockade issued at Key West, Pla., May 6, 1861. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, transmitting copy of notice issued regarding blockade of Southern ports. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Key West, May 14, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that, having seen in the papers a notice that the President of the United States had proclaimed a block- ade, I on the 6th instant issued a notice, of which I enclose you a copy. This place being securely in the possession of the United States forces, I have not deemed it necessary to place further restrictions than were required for the prevention of intercourse with the mainland of the South. This place is peculiarly situated and depends wholly for its supplies on New I ork, and I have not doubted that the Government will approve of the police regulations I have established in this harbor. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AuGs. CRAVEN, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosure.l To all whom it may concern: Notice is hereby given that no trading, coasting, or fishing vessels will be permitted to sail from this port for any port or place in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, or Texas, nor to any place or port within the limits of this State saving and excepting such places as may be included in the range of keys extending from the Tortugas to Cape Florida. All vessels having cleared for sea will exhibit their clearances on board this ship before they will be allowed to proceed to sea. No smack or fishing vessel of whatever kind will be permitted to leave this port with a clearance for Havana, unless such fishing vessel or vessels have on board a fare of fish. No vessel will be permitted to enter or depart from this harbor between the times of sunset and sunrise. All vessels arriving here at night are directed to anchor below the Government wharf. Any vessel violating these regulations will be dealt with as if violat- ing a blockade. Given on board the U. S. S. Crusader, harbor of Key ~West, May 6, 1861. T. AUGS. CRAVEN, Lieutenant, Commanding. Report of Lieutenant Ronekendor if, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch, of arrival at Havana, Cuba, in obedicnce to enclosed order. U. S. S. WATER WITCH, Off Havana, May 7, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report my arrival here at 9:45 a. m. from Fort Pickens, touching at Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, in obedience to the instructions herewith enclosed, from Captain H. A. Adams, the senior officer present off Pensacola. I remained at the Tortugas three hours Page 160 160 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. giving me sufficient time to carry out the order and to collect what mail matter they may have had for the North. I leave this evening for Key West. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. RoNCKENDoRFF, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, AS~ecretary of the Navi,, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, Fla., May 3, 1861. SIR: As soon as the Army officer from Fort Pickens with Colonel Browiis instructions gets on board the Water Witch you will proceed with him to Tortugas. Should he wish to go to Havana, you will carry him there, and take on board the bags he may procure at either place, to be brought here. After touching atTortugas you will run overto Havana to obtain the mails from the United States which may be there, and make such enquiries about the time of arrival and departure of the New York steamers as may enal)le me to make arrangements for send- ing or receiving communications iii the quickest time. Ascertain what connections can be made for this purpose with the army schooners run- ning from Key West to Havana. After leaving Havana you will run over to Key West and communi- cate with the senior officers of the Army and Navy, and bring down all letters for Fort Pickens and the squadron. You will then return with all expedition to this place, touching at the Tortugas if necessary. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Lieutenant Commanding WILLIAM RoNCKENDORFF, Commanding U. S. S. Water Watch, off Pensacola. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen. sacola, urging the necessity of preserving a strict blockade. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF ~FLORIDA, Fort Picicens, May 8, 1861. CAPTAIN: I deem it my duty to call your attention to the importance to the defense of this fort of excluding all steamers from the harbor. Their introduction would be of essential injury to us and benefit to the enemy, so that every possible precaution should, I think, be used to pre. vent it. I think that under no circumstances should a steamer or a vessel loaded with forage or provisions or articles contraband of war be permitted to enter. All those articles are for the consumption of the Army of the enemy, and we, by permitting their introduction, are really feeding our enemies and giving them the means of assailing us. We have information which, though not official, is authentic, that our steam- ers have been seized and appropriated by the enemy; that he has issued letters of marque and is fitting out privateers, and that our officers have been taken prisoners, our property stolen, and that one of your own Qftlcers is now a prisoner in his hands. Under these circumstance Page 161 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 161 sl~onld not effective measures be taken to stop all vessels ~ I certainly think so. Permit me to suggest that the passage at the north of the island and the landing of the Perdido should be strictly watched, and that every possible exertion should be used to prevent the intro- duction of supplies of any and every kind. lam, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Captain H. A. AD~~s, Colonel, Commanding. Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, regarding the blockade. U. S. FRIGATE SAI3INE, Off Pensacola, May 8, 1861. COLONEL: I have given orders to the guard vessels to allow no provisions to enter Pensacola Harbor. In the absence of all instruc- tions with regard to the blockade I do not know how to proceed toward foreign ships, which by the laws and customs of nations are usually allowed a certain time to come and go after the declaration of a block- ade, nor toward those coasting vessels which exhibit a license from the U. S. Government. My doubts on this subject prevented me from inak- ing prizes of the two steamers detained last night, which had cargoes of provisions consigned to Judah & LeBaron. I have sent them back to Mobile. The Presidents proclamation of blockade is dated April 19, and it is more than time some specific directions about it should have reached me here. Should 1 hear of any privateer, man-of-war, or letter of marque being at sea nuder the secession flag, I intend to commence making captures immediately; but I shall be greatly embar- rassed what to do with them, as I have no officers to l)nt on board and carry them to a port of the United States for adjudication. Has any progress been made in the preparation of a battery to receive time Brooklyns 9-inch guns, if it should be thought advisable to land theme? I am afraid the work of discharging the Philadelphia will go on but slowly, as the large boats of the Powhatan have been so much injured as to require extensive repairs, and those of the Brooklyn will be employed for a few days in ballasting the Supply. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Colonel HARVEY BROWII, U. S. Army, Fort Pickens. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Ca Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, regarding the blockade. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, May 8, 1861. CAPTAIN: I wrote you this morning on the subject of allowing pro- visions to enter Pensacola Harbor, and am gratified that you have so N W RVOL 4l Page 162 162 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. far anticipated my wishes. I am not prepared to express a decided opinion as to the foreign vessels, but as the port has not been actually declared in a state of blockade I should suppose it to be expedient to let them pass ui~less they actually have on board articles contraband of war. I am, however, decidedly of opinion that no United States vessel containing any article which will nourish or assist the enemy should be permitted to enter, and most certainly no one, either Amer- ican or secession, from a rebel State. I regret that you did not feel it to be your duty to detain the two steamers~ they being in my opinion lawful prizes. I have done nothing in relation to the batteries for the guns of the Brooklyn, because I distinctly understood you to say that you could not possibly spare any guns from her. I may also say that other and more pressing work would have prevented my doing it, but that I will have an engineer detailed to lay out and superintend such a work whenever you may wish to commence it, presuming, as I do, that your officers will wish the whole to be a navy work. Is not the unloading of the Philadelphia and provisioning and sup. plying this work of very paramount importance to ballasting the Sup- ply? I think that now, while the sea is smooth and the enemy quiet, nothing should take the boats off, and I most respectfully nrge that the ballasting the Supply may be deferred until after the steamer is unloaded. I am much obliged for the papers. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. Letter of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, regarding supplies. INAVY DEPARTMENT, ]Jfay 8, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 26th ultimo has been received. A cargo of coal is now on the way to Key West, and Commodore Breese was directed on the 6th instant to send to that place provisions for 500 men for six months. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant T. A. NI. CRAVEN, Commanding U. S. S. Crusader, Key West. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding U. S. S. Huntsville. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 9, 1861. SIR: Immediately upon the receipt of the enclosed dispatch* for Captain NIcKean, you will order the Huntsville to sea. I am, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commanding Navy Yard, New York. *See p. 155 Page 163 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 163 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, regarding U. S. ship Sabine. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 9, 1861. SIR: On the receipt hereof you will proceed, with the U. S. frigate Sabine under your command, to the navy yard at Portsmouth, N.H. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain HENRY A. ADAMS, Commanding U. S. Frigate Sabine, off Port Pickens. Proclamation of the President of the United States giving authority for removal of suspected persons from the islands of Key West, Tortugas, and Santa Rosa. Whereas an insurrection exists in the State of Florida. by which the lives, liberty, and property of loyal citizens of the United States are endangered; and Whereas it is deemed proper that all needful measures should be taken for the protection of such citizens and all officers of the United States in the discharge of their public duties in the State aforesaid: Now, therefore, be it known that 1, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby direct the commander of the forces of the United States on the Florida coast to permit no person to exercise any office or authority upon the islands of Key West, the Tortugas, and Santa Rosa which may be inconsistent with the laws and Constitution of the United States, authorizing him at the same time, if he shall find it necessary, to suspend there the writ of habeas corpus, and to remove from the vicinity of the United States fortresses all dangerous or sus- pected persons. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this tenth day of May, in [L. 5.] the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty. fifth. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President: WILLIAM II. SEWARD, Secretary of State. Order of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, to Lieutenant Strong, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, to proceed to blockade duty off that port. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 10, 1861. SIR: You will proceed with the Mohawk to the east end of Santa Rosa Island to blockade that entrance to Pensacola. Should any yes-. sels or boats attempt to enter, you will examine them. If they have provisions or munitions of war, capture them and bring the vessels to this ship. If they are empty warn them oft~ and endorse upon thei Page 164 164 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. registers a notice that they have been warned off by the Mohawk and will be taken as prizes if they are caught again in attempting to enter Pensacola Bay. Observe closely the state of things at the passage, and if batteries are erected there, or if there is any collection of troops, let inc know at the first opportunity. Foreign vessels are not to be detained unless carrying munitions of war ~r loaded with provisions. They are, however, to be informed that the place is nuder blockade, and if they enter they will probably not be allowed to leave with a cargo. Very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Lieutenant Commanding J. II. STRONG, Commanding U. S. S. Mohawk, off Pensacola. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding U. S. S. Huntsville. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 10, 1861. Let the Huntsville go with her mates. Employ the four midshipmen for other vessels. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Captain BREESE, Navy Yard, New York. Instructions from commandant navy yard, New York, to Captain MeKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, regarding a suspicious vessel. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, May 10, 1861. SIR: I have received the following information from the Navy Depart- ment, which, in obedience to its directions, I send you by the Huntsville: Ship Windsor Forest, of Bath, was to sail from Liverpool about May 1 for Mobile with 30 tons of muskets. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Captain W. W. MCKEAN, Commanding U. S. S. Niagara. Order of commandant navy yard, New York, to Commander Price, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Huntsville, to proceed to sea under Depart- ments orders enclosed. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, May 11, 1861. SIR: You will proceed immediately to sea, in compliance with the Departments order* herewith enclosed. I forward also dispatches from * See p. 158 Page 165 OPERATIONS iN THE GULP OF MEXICO. 165 the Department, which you will deliver to Captain MeKean. Enclosed with this is an extract of a circular from the Department for your gov- ernment. Wishing you a pleasant cruise, I am, very respectfully, youi obedient servant, SAME. L. BREESE, Commandant. Commander CICERO PRICE, Commanding U. S. S. Huntsville, New York. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, of the depart e for Charleston, S. C., of U. S. S. Huntsville. NAvY YARD, NEW YORK, May 11, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the sailing of the Huntsville, Com- mander Price, this day for Charleston with dispatches for the Niagara. I enclose a muster roll of her officers and crew. Surgeon [T. M.] Potter, Chief Engineer [H. II.] Long, and First Assist- ant Engineer [William] Roberts, who reported for the Niagara after that ship had sailed, were directed to take passage in the Huntsville. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAME. L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from J. M. Forbes to the Secretary of the Navy, giving list of vessels in New Orleans. BOSTON, May 11, 1861. DEAR SIR: A gentleman who can be relied upon, just returned from New Orleans, gives me the enclosed list of steamers bought aud stolen by the Confederate pirates, which may be of some interest to von or to Commodore Striugham. Truly, yours, J. M. FORBES. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, etc. [Enclosure.] Confederate steamers in Gulf of Mexico. Habana, Marquis of Havana.Bought at New Orleans and fitting there. Names changedone to Sumter. One of them a good war steamer. Star of the West, Texas, Tennessee, Win. G. Hewes.Seized in New Orleans April 28 by Governor Moore, of Louisiana. Belonged to Mor~- gans Texas Line. Fashion, Mobile (propeller), United States.Texas. Orizaba.Texas. General Rusk.Texas. Matagorda.New Orleans and Texas Page 166 166 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Cushman (propeller).Pensacola. Neafte (side-wheel).Pensacola. Besides these, they have at New Orleans a great number of very powerful tug propellers. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, regarding movements of vessels under his command. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 12, 1861. SiR: I have the honor to inform you of the arrival of the storeship Release at this anchorage on the 4th instant. The Supply sailed to-day for New York, with orders to touch at Tortugas and Key West and furnish provisions to the St. Louis and Crusader. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, regarding position of vessels under his command. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 13, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you of the return of the Water Witch yesterday from Havana and Key West. She brought no com- munications from the Department. The Wyandotte is at Key West waiting for some ordnance stores for Fort Pickens and making some necessary repairs to her boilers and machinery. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, assiqning him to duty in the Gulf Blockading Squadron. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 13, 1861. SIR: The President has notified this Department that the special duty to which you were assigned having been executed, the Powhatan, under your command, nutil further orders will constitute a part of the Gulf Blockading Sqnadron, and you will report accordingly to the senior commanding officer present. The Secretary of State has referred your dispatch of the [21st] ultimo to this Department, together with papers accompanying it. I am, respectfully, your obedieut servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant D. D. PORTER, Commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, off Fort Pickens Page 167 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 167 Instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to the senior commanding naval officer off Fort Pickens regarding coal. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 13, 1861. SIR: To obviate the necessity of the steamers engaged in the blockade of the Gulf ports leaving their stations for the purpose of proceeding to Key West for coal, the Department intends to purchase a suitable sailing vessel for a transport and send her to the Gulf. She will carry out a cargo of coal, which can be distributed among the several steam- ers of the squadron. She can then be employed under your direction in transporting coal to such points as you may deem it necessary. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, [GIDEON WELLES.] Commander C. II. POOR, or The SENIOR COMMANDING OFFICER OFF FORT PICKENS. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to the senior commanding naval officer off Fort Pickens to institute a rigid blockade of Pensacola and vicinity. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 13, 1861. SIR: Unavoidable delays have prevented Commodore Mervine, ap- pointed to command the Gulf Blockading Squadron, from entering upon the special duty assigned him, and you will, if you have not already done so, institute a rigid blockade of Pensacola and its vicinity, in pursuance of the proclamation * of the President, a copy of which is herewith transmitted. You will allow no vessel ingress. After giving notice that an effect- ive blockade has commenced you will allow fifteen days only for the egress of neutrals with or without cargo. You will warn off all neutral vessels, but will capture none unless notice has been duly entered on the muster roll that the vessel seized had been already warned of the blockade, with the time and latitude in which notice was given. This does not, however, apply to vessels hav- ing on board public enemies, arms, munitions, or articles contraband of war. Privateers or vessels sailing under any assumed flag not known to and recognized by the world, or of a State or combination of States in insurrection with or making war on the United States, you will seize and capture. On all occasions you will afford protection to those whQ seek shelter under the American flag, and guard the persons and property of loyal and patriotic citizens who invite your aid. Information has been received of large shipments of arms in England and Belgium for New Orleans and Mobile. A copy of a letter on the subject is herewith transmitted. You will be vigilant to detect and capture all such vessels. It is the object of the Government to make the blockade rigid and to admit of no importations of any kind what- ever, nor exports after notice of the blockade has been given for fifteen days. I am, respectfully, your obedient servaiit, GIDEON WELLES. Commander CnA~LEs II. POOR, Commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, or The SENIOR COMDG. OFFICER PRESENT OFF FORT PICKENS, FLA. *See p.156 Page 168 168 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Notice of blockade of Pensacola, lila., May 13, 1861. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, transmitting corre- spondenco with General Bragg, C. S. Army, commanding Confederate troops near Pensacola, regarding blockade. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 20, 1861. SIR: I enclose copies, marked 1, 2, and 3, of a correspondence between General Bragg and myself. I made no reply to his last communication. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H.A .ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. [Enclosure No. 1.] U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 13, 1861. SIR: I wish to communicate public notice through you to all whom it may coucern in Pensacola that the port is now strictly blockaded by a portion of the United States naval forces under my command. No coasting vessel will be permitted to enter or depart. Foreign vessels will be allowed two weeks from this date to settle their accounts and sail. After the expiration of that time they will be detained if they attempt to leave the harbor, and dealt with according to the laws against violating blockades. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. General BRAXTON BRAGG, Commanding Troops of Confederate States near Pensacola. [Enclosure No. 2.] HEADQUARTERS TROOPS OF CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, lila.. May 13, 1861. SIR: Your communication of this date, giving public notice of the blockade of this port of Pensacola, 1S received. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADAMS, Senior Officer U. S. Navy off Pensacola. [Enclosure No. 3.] HEADQUARTERS TROOPS OF CONFEDERATE STATES, Near Pensacola, lila., May 14, 1861. SIR: Your communication of yesterdays date, announcing to me an act of aggressive war on the part of your Government by the blockade of this port, I accept as such, and consider it a virtual acknowledgment of our naUonal existence and independence. You will please consider the harbor as closed against all boats and vessels of the United States, as I shall permit none to enter except your dispatch boat under a white hag. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, BRAXTON BRAGG, Brigadier- General, Commanding. Captain H. A. ADA~Is, Senior U. S. Naval Officer off Pensacola Page 169 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF~ OF MEXICO. 169 Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, of the seizure and detention by that vessel of the yacht Wanderer, and advising purchase or charter of same. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Key West, ]Iiliay 14, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report to you that the notorious yacht Wanderer arrived ill this port April 5 from Havana. Her papers are good, though with some irregularities, and ou consulting with the U. S. district attorney I am satisfied that no libel cau be sustained against the vessel. The course of my investigation has brought to light the fact that this schooner is to be sold to certain parties in New Orleans at a high price, to be fitted out as a privateer. I have therefore detained her as a vessel which can be used for no valuable purpose except as a cruiser or dispatch vessel. As a privateer she would be most formidable, as you may ierceive from her dimensions, as follows: Length, 106 feet; breadth, 25~ feet; depth, 9~ feet; burden, 231 tons. She was built in 1857 has the reputation of being a remarkably fast sailer, and is ready for sea. Armed with one long 24-pounder, and with a crew of 25 men, this vessel may be disastrously destructive to our shipping iu the West Indies, and there was a general feeling of relief expressed among ship- masters in Havana when it was learned that I had seized the Wanderer. I submit to you, sir, this case. While aware that I have no legal grounds for detaining the vessel, I do not feel justified in permitting her to escape to the rebels, and the only way in which that result can be prevented is by the U. S. Government becoming purchasers or cii arterers. She can be bought for $15,000, and without expense or alteration can be fitted out as a dispatch vessel or as a serviceable light cruiser. You have probably learned, sir, that vessels of the United States are being transferred to the English flag in the port of Havana by a sim- ple and expeditious process which enables vessels, however strongly suspected, to escape the vigilance of the U. S. consul-general. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AUGS. CRAVEN, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer pre8ent off Pen- sacola, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, regarding blockade of Pensacola. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 14, 1861. COLONEL: Yesterday I gave General Bragg official notice of the blockade of Pensacola Harbor in or der that the foreign ships lying there might be made fully aware of it. I enclose you a copy of a com- munication* from him in reply, which I have just received. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Colonel H. BROWN, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Commanding Department of Florida, Fort Picicens. See p. 168 Page 170 170 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding U. S. S. Mount Vernon. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 14, 1861. Send the Mount Vernon as requested, after which she will join the Gulf Squadron Commailder Walke not to be sent out in the chartered steamers. GIDEON WELLES. Captaiu BREESE, New York Navy Yard. [Telegram.] NEW YORK, May 15, 1861. Mount Vernon not coppered; could not remain in Gulf. Should she not return to the Chesapeake instead ~ She will be ready to-morrow afternoon, Commander Glisson iu charge. SAML. L. BREESE. SECRETARY NAVY. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, May 15, [1861]. Mount Vernon was reported as coppered. If you can furnish the con- voy send the Mount Vernon into the Chesapeake. G. WELLES, Per G. V. F[ox]. Captain BREESE, New York Navy Yard. Send a list of vessels not coppered. Answer. [Telegram.] BROOKLYN, [May] 15, 1861. Telegram just received; no convoy can be furnished for some days. Transports can not wait. Will order Mount Vernon to convoy [to] the Gulf and return immediately to Chesapeake, if desirable. Flotilla will sail to-morrow. SAMUEL L. BREESE. Hon. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Instructions from the commandant navy yard, New York, to the master of the propeller Parkersburg, regarding transportation and distribution of stores. U. S. NAVAL STATION, Brookyn, [N. Y.] May 15, 1861. SIR: You will proceed to Key West under convoy of the propeller Mount Vernon, Commander Glisson, and communicate with the senior naval officer of the United States at that port. If deemed advisabl Page 171 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 171 by him you will deliver a part of your cargo to any naval vessel there and land a portion of the live stock, placing it in charge of such per- son as he may direct, the same to be kept for the use of the United States Gulf Squadron. In the absence of United States vessels you will act under direction of Commander Glisson, commanding the ]Jfount Vernon. With as little delay as possible you will then proceed to the vicinity of Pensacola and distribute the whole or such part of the remainder of your cargo as the senior officer present shall direct. You will then return to New York, touching at Key West and landing the remainder of your cargo, if any, placing the same in charge of the U. S. naval storekeeper, or such other person as the senior naval officer shall direct. On your return to New York you will bring such passengers, mails, and cargo as may be placed on board by direction of the senior naval officer near Pensacola or at Key West. Respectfully, yours, etc., SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. MASTER OF THE PROPELLER PARKERSBIJRG, New York. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding employment of chartered steamer Mount Vernon on convoy duty. NAvy YARD, NEW YoRK, May 16, 1861. SIR: In reference to the Departments telegram of yesterday, I have no recollection of having reported the Mount Vernon as coppered. I have no apprehension that she will suffer any injury if she is not in the Gulf some time. I therefore telegraphed you yesterday that in view of the urgent necessity of the army stores, with workmen for the forts, as well as the fresh provisions collected here by Mr. Bridge for the Gulf Squadron, I would send the Mount Vernon to convoy the two steamers and two sail vessels to that station, with orders to her commander, unless otherwise directed by his superior officer in the Gulf, to return, after seeing his convoy safe, to the Chesapeake, and on his way to keep a diligent lookout for enemys vessels, etc. I hope before she actually leaves, which will probably be at 3 p. m. this day, that I may have a telegraphic reply to mine of last evening on the sub,ject. I send the Department another list of the chartered vessels, which I think is in effect identical with the othefs heretofore sent. The necessity for these stores going forward without delay, and being convoyed, seems to me so urgent that I will hope the departure from the Departments order by telegraph of the 15th, to send the Mount Vernon to the Chesapeake at once, will not be disapproved of by you. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, & cretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. 3 oclock p. m.Departments telegram received. Commander Glis. son, after seeing his convoy safe, directed to proceed to the Chesapeake. S.L.B Page 172 172 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Further report Qf commandant nary yard New York, regarding chartered steamer Mount Vernon. NAvY YARD, NEW YORK, May 16, 1861. SIR: I have to report that the chartered steamer Mount Vernon, under command of Commander Glisson, left the yard at 4 oclock this afternoon for the Gulf with orders, after convoying transports, to return as far as the Chesapeake and there report to the commanding naval officer. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Order of the Secretary of the Nary to Ccii manders Smith and Alden, U. S. Navy, commanding respectively the U. S. steamers Massachusetts and South ~aro~i~~a,to proceed to duty in the Gu~J of Alex co. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 16, 1861. SIR: When the steamer Massachusetts, under your command, is in all respects prepared for sea, you will proceed with her, with all practica- ble dispatch, to the Gulf of Mexico. On the way you will touch at Key West and proceed thence to Fort Pickens, for the purpose of landing the munitions to be sent out in the Miassachusetts. Until the arrival of Flag-Officer Mervine in the iMississippi you will be governed by the instructions of the senior commanding officer in the Gulf, to whom you will report. The commandant of the navy yard at Boston will furnish you with a copy of the instructions relative to the seizure of privateers, etc., which the iDepartinent has directed him to give to each vessel sailing from the yard. Before sailing you will transmit to the Department a muster roll of the Massachusetts, and a separate list of her officers. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commander MELANOTON SMITH, Commanding U. S. S. Massachusetts, Boston. Commander JAMES ALDEN, Commanding U. S. S. South Carolina, Boston. Recommendations submitted to the Navy Department by Captain Meigs, U. S. Army, regarding defense of Fort Piekens. WASHINGTON, May 16, 1861. The proper disposition of the garrison of Fort Pickens, in my opin- ion, is to encamp it upon the island of Santa Rosa at some point within communication of the fort, aimd vet out of the reach of shot and shell frQmu the rebel batteries; the fort itself to be occupied by such a guard as will suffice to work its guns and make it secure against surprise by any small party coming in boats. At night a stronger guard will be neces- sary thaii by day Page 173 OPERArIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. I 7~ The guard boats of the squadron should row inside the harbor and prevent any such boat expedition reaching Santa iRosa unchallenged. The island, being narrow and covered with sand ridges parallel to the coast, may require some work of the sappers to lay it entirely open to the tire of steamers anchored or cruising along the outer beach. This should be done. With proper naval force and proper vigilance I consider that no con- siderable force can land, or, if landed, remain long enongli upon the island to seriously endanger or injure the camp or guard. But the enemy, being strong, well provided with boats, scows, tugs, and other means of transporting troops, may effect a landing at any tune when the fleet is driven off by stress of weather or removed for any block- ading or cruising duty. There should be at no instant less than two powerful steamships with heavy batteries in position to command the island and protect the communication between fort and camp. A ten- der, a smaller steamer for messages, for boarding vessels, and keeping np the blockade should always be off the harbor. Steamers should take coal from storeships at anchor alongside, and should not be compelled to leave their posts to get coal or supplies from Key West or the better depot Tortugas. Whenever tire is opened by the rebels the licet should attempt to destroy the enemys guard boats, steamers, etc. Attempts to enter the harbor nndei- the fire of the numerous batteries of heavy guns established on the mainland would, in my opinion, be wasteful of life and of force. The ships could only by extraordinary for- tune escape destruction. The loss of a ship iii such an attempt would give great encouragement to the rebel party. As they are undis- ciplined and probably not very watchful, I think that the time may come when sorties or cutting-out expeditions may be practicable with good effect. It is possible that a determined leader might spike the guns in some of the batteries, cut out or destroy the steamers and guard boats, etc. The narrow part of the island reconnoitered by Captain Poiter and Captain Meigs should be cut through. If the opening is made at a favorable moment, when the water is higher on one side of the island than the other, the current will undoubtedly make a boat channel in a short time, and if natural causes conspire this may become a navi- gable inlet and turn all the hostile fortifications. During the summer there will be no difficulty in keeping the ships in position, and I take it for granted that by the time the weather grows cold and stormy the Government will be prepared to advailce from this position and reoccupy Pensacola. For the present the 1,000 men on Santa IRosa keeping 10,000 idle on the mainland are doing most useful and ciThetive service in the cause of the country and inflicting great damage and expense upon the rebels. There should be such activity as to keep them in constant fear and prevent their sending to parts where subsistence is cheaper the men now at Pensacola. By treating Fort Pickens as a mere battery, firing only at intervals with great deliberation and accuracy, placing the guard safely in case- mates, keeping sentinels, and the men to man only a few guns exposed, there can be but little loss of life and the Southern States not pro- ducing saltpeter, thoroughly blockaded, will find the amusement of buxning gunpowder both expensive and weakening Page 174 174 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. In conclusion, the true policy appears to me to be to keep a strong naval force off this important harbor, to keep the rebels on the alert by threatening sorties and cutting-out expeditions, but to avoid any attempt to enter the harbor or engage the batteries likely to lead to bloodshed or disaster. The officers of the garrison, the commander of the military depart- ment, Colonel Brown, should be consulted and aided in every possible way. Of the number of vessels to be present I am not competent to speak. I think two powerful vessels should always be in position to fire on the island at any moment; that every hostile guard boat coming within range should be treated to a shell; that one light steamer and the Oriental, armed pilot boat, would make the blockade effectual by anchoring off the bar or cruising there. The meat and fresh-provision boat, of course, should run constantly to Key West, and perhaps to Havana. Fresh beef, vegetables, and provisions generally can be procured cheaply and in abundance on the coast of Yucatan, and this source of supply should be resorted to. Coal vessels should be always at anchor near the squadron. Respectfully submitted to the Navy Department. M. C. MEws, Captain of Engineers. [TelegramI WASHINGTON, ID. C. [May 16, 1861.] Send man-of-war or surfboats to the Gulf Squadron by any vessel going. GIDEON WELLES. Captain BREESE, New York Navy Yard. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding Departments order in the matter of surf boats for Gulf Squadron. NAvY YARD, NEW YORK, May 17, 1861. SIR: I have the Departments telegram of the l6th.,instant to send man-of-war or surfboats to the Gulf Squadron. There are none of the latter belonging to the Government, and none but launches in the yard. Am I to purchase them for the Government; and if so, how many? And to what point in the Gulf and to whose charge am I to send them? I have, with the naval constructor, looked at some surfboats at the builders in the city. The cost for such is: Those of 26 feet, $5 per foot; for those of less length, $4 per foot. May I expect some specific direction on the subject? Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 175 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 175 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commanding officers of U. S. steamers R. R. Onyler, Montgomery, and Flag to proceed to blockade duty in the Gulf of Mexico. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 17, 1861. SIR: The steamer 1?. fi. Onyler, under your command, is to form a part of the Gulf Blockading Squadron, of which Captain William Mervine will be the flag-officer. As soon, therefore, as she is prepared for this service and in all respects ready for sea, ydu will proceed with her with all practicable dispatch to the Gulf, touching at Key West. At Key West you may find Flag-Officer Mervine or instructions from him for your further movements, or it is possible Captain McKean may be there in the Niagara, to whom you will report for such special duty in carrying out the blockade of ports on the Gulf as he may assign you. In the absence of either of these officers you will proceed from Key West to Fort Pickens, and report to the senior commanding officer of the U. S. Navy in that vicinity for the purpose hereinbefore indicated. The commandant at New York will furnish you with a copy of the instructions in relation to seizing privateers, etc., which the Depart- ment has directed him to give to the commanding officer of each vessel sailing from the navy yard. Before your departure you will transmit to the Department a muster roll of the R. R. Onyler, and a separate list of her officers. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain F. B. ELLISON, U. S. Navy Commanding U. S. S. I?. R. Cuyier, New York. Commander T. D. SHAW, Commanding U. S. S. Montgomery, New York. Lieutenant L. C. SARTORI, Commanding U. S. S. Flag,* Philadelphia. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, of preparations for expected attack on Fort Pickens. U. S. FRIGATE SAIIINE, Off Pensacola, May20, 1861. SIR: At the request of Colonel Brown I have this day dispatched the Wyandotte to Key West to bring down troops. Great preparations are made for the attack on Fort Pickens, and it is expected almost hourly.1 have,after consultation with Colonel Brown, stationed the ships in positions where they may render him the most efficient aid in his defense. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ~ A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. * Destination subsequently changed to Atlantic Blockading Squadron Page 176 176 OPERkTTONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Order of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, to Lieutenant Baldwin, U. S. Navy, commandin U. S. S. Wyandotte, for the transportation of troops from Key West to Pensacola. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 20, 1861. SIR: You will proceed with the Wyandotte to Key West and receive on board such troops as Major French may designate to be brought to this place. You will stop at Tortugas either going or coming, as may be most convenient, and take on board such ordnance stores as may be put on board by the commanding officer. Should you pass any schooum- ers ou your passage bound this way you will speak them and ascertain if they are carrying ordnance stores to Fort Pickens, in which case Captain Vogdes, who takes passage with you, will give them instruc- tions. Deliver the letter bags intrusted to you to Captain Craven and ask him to have them forwarded to the United States by way of Havana or the earliest direct opportunity. Hand Captain Craven the money which I send you and let him sign the accompanying receipts. Lose no time in carrying out these orders and return here with all possible dispatch. If any circumstance should disable the Wyandotte so as to prevent her from returning, you will remain at Key West and say to Captain Craven I wish him to carry out your orders with the Crusader. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Lieutenant Commanding A. S. BALDWIN, Commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte. Report of Captain ]lThKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, of having blockaded Charleston, S. C., for five days, and of his arrival at Havana, Cuba, en route to blockade duty in Gulf of Mexico. U. S. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA, Havana, May 21, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, at 7 p. m. on the 14th, [of] your order * of the 4th instant (triplicate), by the steamer Huntsville. I proceeded immediately in obedience thereto, accompanied by the Huntsville. I regret that it was deemed necessary to raise the bloclade of Charles. ton, as I consider that that port and Savannah are two of the most important points upon the coast. Between the evening of the 9th instant, the time of my arrival off Charleston, and the evening of the 14th seven ships from Liverpool, English and American, bound to Charleston and Savannah, were boarded and warned off the whole Southern coast. I learned from theEnglishconsul,whocameoff in the afternoon of the 13th instant in a steamer nuder English colors and a flag of truce, that seven or eight other ships were daily expected from Liverpool. He made application in behalf of the cousignees for permission for the cal)tains of these vessels to land for the purpose of receiving instruc- tions. This I refused, but consented to deliver to them nnsealed let- ters of instructions, provided they contained nothing objectionable. ~Seep. 155 Page 177 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 177 Directed by your order of the 2d instant to allow a reasonable time for neutral- vessels to leave, twenty days from the actual commence- ment of the blockade were allowed. One frigate or sloop of war and two small steamers are, in my opinion, requisite for an efficient block- ade of each of the ports, Charleston and Savannah. I received infor- mation that four or five steamers and a brig were being fitted out in Charleston. Two of the steamers are said to be fine vessels of about 1,100 tons burden, and it is said each will mount six guns. Having but a small quantity of coal and water on board I deemed it necessary to touch here for a supply, it being uncertain if a sufficient quantity could be procured at Key West. I directed Commander Price, however to proceed to that place and procure a supply for the Huutsville if it could be had, and to join me here as soon as possible, or, in the event of my having left, to follow me to Fort Pickens with- out delay; and I sent orders by him to Lieutenant Commanding Cra- ven to proceed to the Gulf in the Crusader. We reached Havana at noon on Sunday, the 19th instant, and we are now coaling and watering, and I expect to leave to-morrow morn- ing. I am fully sensible of the importance of the service upon which I am ordered, and assure you, sir, there shall be no unnecessary delay in its performance. I beg to be furnished with instructions in regard to the search of neutral vessels approaching blockaded ports. All those boarded off Charleston had coal or salt for ballast, and it may be had arms and munitions of war concealed underneath. I earnestly request that a condenser may be ordered for this ship. She carries less water than any of our large frigates, and it is very try- ing to both officers and men to be kept on short allowance in a hot climate. On the passage to Japan we were at one time on half a gallon per day for all purposes. - The Crusader has just arrived from Key West. From information derived from Lieutenant Commanding Craven and from Major Roberts, who accompanied him, it is essential that an armed vessel should be kept there, and I have therefore revoked my order and shall leave him to act under the instructions from the Department dated in March last. I learn that the sloop AS~t. Louis is at Tortugas. Unless there are strong reasons why she should remain there, I will order her to the mouth of the Mississippi. On entering this harbor two vessels were discovered with secession flags hoisted at the main and Union flags about 18 inches square at the peak. Learning from the consul that the commanders had refused to haul down the secession flags when ordered by him to do so, I sent an officer on board with instructions to order them hauled down, and if not obeyed to have it done by the boats crew, and the flags delivered to the consul. The order was obeyed, however, ai~d the flags left on board. I think it essential that a vessel with coal should be kept at Fort Pickens. If our ships arc obliged to proceed to Key West or to this place for a supply, much time will be lost. Lieutenant Commanding Craven states that there is but a small supply at Key West. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. W. MOKEAN, Captain. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. N W RvoL 41 Page 178 178 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Commander Gibson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship St. Louis, regarding departure for Pensacola. U. S. SLOOP ST. Louis, Tortugas, May 24, 1861. SIR: In obedience to the order received from you yesterday, I shall leave this place for Pensacola just as soon as it is possible to get the ship out. Respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEXR GIBSON, Commander. Captain WILLIAM W. MCKEAN, [U. S. Navy,j U. S. S. Ntagara, off Pensacola. Report of Commander Gibson, U. S. Navy, commanding U~ S. ship St. Louis, regarding sanitary condition of crew of that vessel. U. S. SHIP ST. Louis, Tortugas, May 24, 1861. SIR: This ship having been ordered to proceed off Fort Pickens, I feel called upon before leaving this place to represent to you the present state of health of her crew. In the first place there are now on the sick list 24 men, and the number has been increasing daily, 6 having been added to that list since yesterday. This, with a deficiency in her crew of 12 men, makes us short 36 working men, which, out of a com- plement of 134, is very severely felt in the management of the ship. The sanitary condition of the crew as represented to me by the sur- geon (whose report has been made to. the Bureau of Medicine and Sur- gery) is very bad, the men generally being enervated by their long service in a tropical climate, which condition renders them peculiarly sensitive to the contraction of disease, and particularly so to that which is at present prevailing, namely, dysentery. In a previous letter to you, sir, from Key West, I made known that the l)eriod for which two of the crew of this ship had entered the service had expired. 1 have now to report that there are two more to be added to that number; the next month will increase the number to nine, and the months of July, August, and September will terminate the service of all the old crew of this shipthat is, of those who came out in her. Those men whose terms of service have expired hgve made frequent application for their discharge, and show no disposition to reenter the service until (to use their own language) they have had a run at home to bring themselves up again. This, sir, is a very natural feel- ing, based upon the fact that they have been cooped up within the narrow limits of a small ship for nearly twenty-nine months. I have but little doubt that if the ship was ordered home and an opportunity afforded this crew of recuperating or recovering their wasted energy there would be but very few of them who would not be in the service again in a very short time. I have made this representation to you, sir,from a sense of duty, and should have sent my communication through the commanding officer of the squadron if I had been within ieach of him; but such not being the case, and deeming that the matter herein contained should reach the Department as soon as possible, I have concluded to send my dispatch by the first opportunity Page 179 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 179 The storeship Supply being here, bound home, and this ship being bouiid on a cruise, I have considered it necessary to exchange a boat of this ship for one of hers. This exchange was in contemplation before these vessels left Pensacola, but there was not time to effect it. The subject was mentioned to the senior officer, who made no objection to it. I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEX. GIBSON, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy. Report of Commander Glisson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Mount Vernon, regarding disabled steamer Parkersburg. U. S. S. MOUNT VERNON, Key West, May 25, 1861. Sin: I have to report the arrival of the U. S. S. Mount Vernon at this port with the disabled steamer Parkersburg in tow. The Parkersburg broke her main shaft 30 miles north of Cape Florida, a heavy sea running at the time. She was taken in tow as soon as practicable and brought to this place, a distance of 170 miles, in safety. It will require one day to overhaul our engine before leaving to tow the Parkersburg 500 miles. I shall leave for Pensacola in the morning. I have ordered the steamer Chesapeake (chartered by the Army) to remain here until my return from Pensacola for the purpose of towing the Parkersburg to New York, both vessels being the property of the same firm, and the steamer Mount Vernon having been ordered to Hampton Roads. I hope that the Department will approve of this order. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. 5. GLISSON, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Sabine, regarding instructions to vessels. U. S. FRIGATE SAJ3INE, Off Pensacola, May 26, 1861. SIR: I enclose herewith copies of the instructions* given to the com- inanders of the St. Louis, Mohawk, and Wyandotte. Those to the Mohawk, you will observe, are dated the 10th instant, three days before the notification of blockade was sent to General Bragg. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain W. W. MOKEAN, [U. S. Navy,] [Captain, U. S. Navy.] Senior Officer Present, U. S. S. Niagara. * See pp. l4~, 163, 176 Page 180 180 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. skip Sabine, to Captain ]IlicKean, U. S. Navy, senior o~lcer present, regarding notice of blockade. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 26, 1861. Mv DEAR McKEAN: My notification of blockade to General Bragg was dated May 13, and allowed two weeks from that date for foreign vessels to leave. I have since heard, though not officially, that the Government allowed fifteen days, and intended to do so, too. Yours, very truly, II. A. ADAMs, [Captain, U. S. Navy.] Captain WILLiAM W. MOKEAN, [U. S. Navy,] U. S. S. Niagara, [Senior Officer Present.] As the notice could not reach the ships at Pensacola on the 13th, I did not intend to include that day in the time allowed. Letter from Captain McKean, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, to Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Flor. ida, regarding vessels required for the protection~ of Fort Pickens. U. S. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA, Off Pensacola, May 26, 1861. SIR: The steamer Huntsville arrived this morning. She is a fine vessel, mounting one 8-inch gun on a pivot and two 32-pounder carriage guns, and has sufficient power to tow a vessel of the largest size. I have ordered the sloop St. Louis here, and she may be looked for hourly. Do you not think that the Sabine and those vessels will be a sufficient force to prevent a landing of the rebels on the island ~ I am of opinion that it will, and as it is of vital importance that the port of Mobile should be blockaded before the arms are received, I am very anxious to proceed to that point. In the event of a threatened attack the ]Iliokawk could be dispatched for me, and as the distance is short I could reach here in a few hours. Please let me hear from you by the bearer. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. W. MOKEAN, Captaj~n, U. S. Navy. Colonel HARVEY BROWN, U. S. Army, Commanding Fort Pickens, Pensacola. Letter from Colonel Brown, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Florida, to Captain MicKean, U S. Navy, senior officer present off Pen- sacola, regarding protection of Fort Picicens. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Pickens, May 27, 1861. SIR: I am in receipt of your letter of the 26th instanf. Although the two sailing vessels you propose leaving will give a very inadequate support on account of the difficulty of moving them, their inability to lie close to the shore, and their projectiles being principally solid shot, yet, appreciating the importance of blockading Mobile and capturin Page 181 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 181 the vessel, I will interpose no further objections to the departure of the Niagara after the arrival of the & . Louis, provided the Mohawk is per- mitted to continue to guard the north pass, which I consider of great importance, and that the Wyandotte and Water Witch continue here with the Huntsville to enforce the blockade and protect the island. I again respectfully request that you will order Captain Porter immediately to return to me the small schooner which I lent him espe- cially to assist him here, and which in so extraordinary a manner he took away without my knowledge or consent. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Captain ~. ~. MCK~A~, Golonel, Commanding. Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. P. S.Since writing the above your communication has been handed to me. I will leave the Mohawk and Huntsville here~ and will, in compliance with your request, direct Lieutenant Commanding Porter to order the schooner immediately back. The Pow- hatan. is off Mobile, but it is very important that she should proceed to the Missis- sippi as soon as possible, for it will require three vessels to blockade that river. She had but one weeks water when she left, and can not obtain a supply until she reaches the Mississippi. (A true copy of a postscript in a letter from Captain McKean to me, the letter being on another subject.) HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Report of Captain MeKean, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa- cola, regarding affairs in relation to the defense of Fort Pickens and the blockade. U. S. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA, Off Pensacola, May 27, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to announce my arrival at this place on the morning of the 25th instant. Learning at Havana that the St. Louis was at the Tortugas, I sent the Huntsville there with an order to Commander Gibson to proceed to this place without delay. He has not yet arrived. Immediately ou my arrival I issued orders to the commanders of the Brooklyn and the Powhatan to proceed to the mouth of the Mississippi, intending to pro- ceed myself in this ship the same evening to Mobile. I was obliged, however, to change my purpose in consequence of a communication from Colonel Brown (copy enclosed, marked A; also a copy of acom- munication addressed to him by Z. B. Tower, major of engineers, niarked B). On the receipt of this I had an interview with him. He said most decidedly that he considered the presence of this ship, or of some other large steamer, essential to the safety of the fort; that it would not be in his power to defend it should the rebels succeed in landing on the island of Santa Rosa and in erecting batteries in his rear, and that this could be prevented by ships only. He stated also that he was in hourly expectation of an attack; thattheenemyhada force on shore of from 8,000 to 10,000 men, and at least 100 guns in battery. I differ with him in opinion as to the necessity of a large sj~eamer in rendering the required aid. I consider the Sabine, with a small steamer to tow her, if necessary, into a required position, sufficient to prevent a landing on the island Page 182 182 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Knowing, however, the importance attached to this point by the Government, I did not think it proper to leave,and therefore directed Commander Poor to station the Powhatan at Mobile, and to proceed in the Brooklyn to the Mississippi. On the arrival of the St. Louis I shall send her and the Huntsville to Mobile to relieve the Powhatan and allow her to l)roceed to the station first assigned to her. I do not con- sider the Huntsville of sufficient force, or I would send her at once to relieve the Powhatan off Mobile. The Wyandotte was dispatched by Captain Adams on the 20th instant to Key West for the mail and to bring troops from that place ordered here by Colonel Brown. As soon as she arrives I will dispatch her or the Mohawk (now blockading the entrance to Pensacola Harbor at the lower end of the island of Santa Rosa), if either can be spared, to blockade Apalachicola, which I regard as an important point. All the steamers are short of coal. The Brooklyn and Powhatan had but a weeks supply when they left. I therefore send by the steamer Water Witch instructions to Lieutenant Commanding Craven at Key West to charter a vessel and send a supply to those ships. In the event of his not having it in his power to do this, I have written to Mr. Shufeldt, our consul-general at Havana, to purchase a cargo there, and to dispatch it without delay. Should convoy be required, I have directed Lieutenant Commanding Itonckendorff to afford it~ and to take the vessel in tow when this can be done advantageously. After this service he is to return to this place. It is essential that a vessel with coal should be kept here. Coal must be kept afloat, as it can not be landed except at a very heavy expense and at great risk, owing to the heavy surf on the beach. Two vessels are not sufficient for the blockade of the mouth of the Mississippi, and I will send another as soon as practicable. I am desirous of blockading Mobile in this ship, as the distance from this place is short, and in the event of an attack on Fort Pickens a small steamer might be sent for me and I reach here in a few hours. Water can not be procured at this place, and several of the vessels are short in their supply of it. The Brooklyn is the only vessel that has a condenser. No steamer should be sent here without one. There are a number of ports on the Gulf which it is important should be blockaded by light steamersApalachicola, Charlotte Harbor, and Tampa, in Florida, and Berwick Bay, to the westward of the Missis- sippi, from which place I learn there is a railroad to New Orleans. A small vessel could also be employed tp advantage off Ship Island, a short distance to the westward of Mobile. Previous to leaving New York a requisition for $20~O00 for the use of this ship was made. I beg that money may be sent by the first oppor- tunity, as the paymaster is without fun4s. I learn from Captain Adams that his ship and the Brooklyn, if not shortly relieved, will require a supply of powder. Of this, however, he has already informed the Department. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. W. MOKEAN, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. P. S.Since writing the above I have had another communication from Colonel Brown, and have decided to leave here to-morrow for Mobile to relieve the Powhatan, which vessel will proceed to the Mis Page 183 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXiCO. 183 sissippi. The Sabine, fluntsville, and Mohawk are here, and the St. Louis is hourly expected, which will be a sufficient force to blockade the har- bor and aid in the defense of Fort Pickens should it be necessary. [Enclosure A.] HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF FLORIDA, Fort Picleens, May 2.5, 1861. SIR: I have just received a letter from Captain Adams, commanding the U. S. ship Sabine, stating that The ship just arrived is the Niagara, Captain MeKean. She has been ordered down here to blockade Mobile and the mouth of the Mississippi, and will require the Brooklyn and Powhatan or perhaps this ship to assist her. These vessels will sail this evening. I respectfully represent to you that the taking away these ships will jeopardize the safety of this fort. The forces of the enemy are repre- sented to be from 8,000 to 10,000 men. My force (exclusive of marines and sailors) is a little less than 700 for duty, so that if the ships are taken away I can not prevent a landing of the enemy on Santa Rosa Island, thus making a permanent lodgment there and subsequent apl)roach to the fort. The Sabine might be spared in case of great emergency, but neither of the steamers should be taken away at this time without a more press- ing urgency than that of blockading Mobile Harbor. I therefore enter my solemn protest against the removal at this time of any of the steamships from this harbor, the safety and preservation of this fort imperiously demanding their continuance here. I enclose you the authority I have from the President of the United States to make this protest, the expedition named being the preserva- tion of this fort and I do now call on you in his name to aid me in pre- serving it by keeping these ships in their present position. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARVEY BROWN, Colonel, Commanding. Captain MUKEAN, Commanding Naval Forces off Pensacola. [Enclosure B.] FORT PICKENS, FLA., May 25, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to state my opinion that Fort Pickens can not be successfully defended against the forces of the enemy n~w arrayed against it unless a sufficient number of steamships aid your command to prevent any landing upon Santa Rosa Island. Should the enemy once establish himself upon this island, in the absence of a powerful steam fleet he can in a few days put guns enough in battery behind the coast sand bank to prevent ships from approaching this end of the island, and thus be enabled to advance rapidly and reduce this place by a short siege. The heavy fire upon the flank and reverse of our land fronts will prevent ns from making a strong resistance if [it] does not dismount nearly all our guns. Two curtains of our two land fronts are seen in reverse by probably seventy or eighty guns of the enemy. The bastions are also seen in reverse and the whole work is exposed to a mortar fire that can penetrate almost every part of the work. If, now, the island be occupied by the enemy, the fire on every side from 10-inch, 8-inch guns, and seacoast mortars will be concentrated upon us in such power that we can not make a suitable resistance should that tir Page 184 184 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. leave us any guns mounted for the l)urpose. It is absolutely uecessary that the Navy hold the island u~uitil troops come in sufficient uumbers to perform that office. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Z. B. TOWER, Brevet Major, Engineers. Colonel BROWN, Commanding Department of Florida. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, regarding the detention, for the use of the Government, of steamer Suwanee. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Key West, May 27, iSGi. SIR: I have the honor to report that on the 14th instant the steamer Suwanee (late Pampero) arrived here from New Orleans. Under the proclamatiou of blockade, as also the order of the honor- able Secretary of [the] Treasury, denying clearances to ports of seceded States, I refused to permit the Suwanee to return to New Orleans. I offered to clear her for New York, which offer was declined. I there- fore detained her for the use of the Government, and the captain relinquished the command. The Suwanee belongs to the same company who loaned their steamer Rush- to the pirates who seized the Star of the West, and I must confess some degree of satisfaction in being thus able to inflict on that party a) retaliation by using their own steamer in aid of the returning Texan troops. I placed the Suuanee at the disposal of the commandant of this post, and sent her to ilavana on the 18th instant to meet the troops who were said to have arrived there. Lieutenant Duncan, of this ship, was in command. The two schooners had sailed from Havana before Lieutenant Dun- cans arrival; he therefore cruised in search of the brig ]litystic, about which great anxiety was felt. He fell in with her at sea and ordered her into this port, having first made tender of any aid they required. On the 23d instant an order was received here from Colonel Brown for troops and stores for Fort Pickens, and at 10 [oclock] that night Lieu- tenant Duncan sailed in the Suwanee with seventy soldiers and a full freight of stores of various kinds for Fort Pickens. I will detain the steamer for the use of th~ Gov~rninent, or such further orders as I may receive from the Navy Department. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AuGS. CRAVEN, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, urging immediate repairs to that vessel. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Key West, ~Ifay 27, 1861. SlR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communi- cation of the 8th instant. I herewith transmit to you the plans of thi Page 185 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 185 ships boiler, and I can not too strongly urge that the work be put in hand at once, as the efficiency of this ship is of little comparative value at present with a pressure of no more than 12 to 15 poulids. We are constantly obliged to make repairs and can have no reliance on the boiler, which may fail us at a critical moment. It is my desire to have the ship in a complete condition for any serv~ ice which may be required. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AUGS. (IRAvEN, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Endorsement.] JUNE 27, 1861. New boilers are being constructed at the New York navy yard. B. F. ISHERWOOD, Engineer in Chief. Letter from the British acting consul, Mobile, Ala., to Lieu tenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, regarding movement of British vessels from that port. BRITISH CONSULATE, Mo bile, May 27, 18G1. Sin: I beg leave to enquire of you if you have any objection to per- mit the towboats towing to sea the few British ships now in port. I have the honor to remain, sir, your most obedient servant, JAMES MAGEE, Acting Consul. The OFFICER COMMANDING THE U. S. SQUADRON OFF MOBILE. Letter from Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powha tan, to the British acting consul at Mobile, regarding blockade. U. S. S. POWHATAN, Off Mobile, May 27, 1861. Sin: In answer to your communication of May 27, 18ff1, I beg leave to inform you that British ships will be permitted to use towboats or any other means to get to sea, and that the towboats will not be molested by us in the discharge of their duty in so towing British ships. I beg leave to add that the 28th is, I believe, the day assigned for rigid block- ade; but as I am here only temporarily and without special instructions, I will give the most liberal construction to the order. It would be better, if it can be done without injury to British interests, to get the ships to sea as soon as possible. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, DAVID D. PORTER, JAMES MAGEE, Esq., Commanding. British Acting Consul, Mobile Page 186 186 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Letter from officers of New York insurance companies to the Secretary of the Nary, requesting exem])tion from blockade in stated cases. NEW YORK, May 28, 18[G1]. DEAR Sin: The undersigned insurance companies are largely inter ested as insurers on many vessels bound from New Orleans to northern United States ports and to ports in Europe. Many of these vessels have left the city of New Orleans some time since, and we are informed now lie aground on the bar at the mouth of the Mississippi liiver, where they are obliged to remain until the water is sufficiently high to enable them to float over. As the Government is about to establish a blockade of that port, our purpose is to ask the Government to give orders to the Gulf Squadron to exempt such vessels from the blockade as may have sailed from that port prior to the arrival of the blockading squadron, and which may have grounded in going out of the river. We believe such orders can not compromise any rule of law, while they will greatly relieve commerce. We have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servants, J. D. JONES, President Atlantic Mutual [Insurance Company]. M. II. GRINNELL, President Sun Mutual Insurance Company. JOHN A. PARKER, Vice-President Great Western Insurance Company. JOHN II. LYELL, Vice-President New York Mutual Insurance Company. ALFRED EDWARDS, President Pacific Mutual Insurance Company. WM. C. THOI\~PSON, Vice-President Neptune Insurance Company. DANL. DRAKE SMiTH, President Commercial Mutual Insurance Company. LEOPOLD BIERWIRTII, President Orient Mutual Insurance Company. JNO. S. TAPPAN Vice-President Union Mutual Insurance Company. W. WHIPPLE, Vice-President Washington Marine linsurance Company. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from the president of the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company to the Secretary of the Navy relative to vessels seized by the Confederates in the Gulf of Mexico. OFFICE OF THE ATLANTIC MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 51 Wall Street, corner William, New York, May 28, 1861. Sin: We learn the ship Danube, bound from Liverpool, has been seized at or near Mobile, her destination, by privateers, and the ship Ariel at New Orleans. It is also reported that a number of other ves- sels have been captured near the mouth of the Mississippi River. W Page 187 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 187 have to ask whether the blockading squadron has been ordered to those ports and whether they can not be hastened to the relief of our mer- chant shipping. It is reported here that thirty-five vessels have received privateer com- missions at New Orleans and are now depredating upon our commerce. Trusting that ample and energetic protection will be given by the Navy Department to our merchant shipping, I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. D. JONES, President. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from the president of the Sun Mutual Insurance Company to the Secretary of State, urging the blockade of the Mississippi River. OFFICE OF THE SUN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, INSURANCE BUILDINGS, No.49 WALL STREET, New York, May 29, 1861. SIR: We feel very solicitous about the commerce of this country going from Europe to New Orleans. Yesterday we received accounts of the capture of four vessels off the bar, mouth of the Mississippi River, on their way to New Orleans. Had there been any vessels of war in that quarter they would have escaped by being ordered off and informed of the war. It is highly important that that river be block- aded at once, for unless it is the amount of property taken will be enormous. In haste, very truly, yours, M. H. 0-RINNELL. Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. Report of Commander Poor, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, of the capture by that vessel of barkentine H. B. Spearing and of the inefficiency of the blockade. U. S. STEAM SLOOP BRQOKLYN, Off Pass i~t 1 Outre, May 2.9, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that I captured as a prize the bark- entine H. B. Spearing, of and for New Orleans, with a cargo of coffee from Rio de Janeiro. I have placed a prize crew on board in charge of Midshipman Manley and Boatswain Bartlett, with orders to proceed to Key West for adjudication. I hope the Department will find it convenient to send additional men and officers to this ship, as her efficiency will be much affected by reducing her complement of either, especially the former. I arrived off the Pass ?~ lOutre on the 26th instant and sent in a noti- fication of a rigid blockade, allowing fifteen days to neutrals to depart, with or without cargo. In this I followed the precedent established at Pensacola. Under the head of neutrals I class the vessels of all nation. alities at peace with the United States. I found several America Page 188 188 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. vessels on the bar; all of them had loaded and cleared before the proc- lamation of blockade was issued, but having no instructions or precedent to except American vessels so circumstanced, I have given them the usual warning not to leave. They appear to be bona fide United States vessels and their cargoes are mostly, if not entirely, foreign property. If they are compelled to remain they may fall into the hands of the enemy, and if I capture them for violating the blockade there is a great doubt of their condemnation, and I shall have to weaken my ship by placing prize crews on board, with officers to take charge of them. Jn either case I think the United States will suffer more than the other party. I should like to have more definite instructions with reference to such cases. It has happened also that emigrant vessels have arrived short of provisions and water. To turn them off without sup- plying them with provisions is not only inhuman, but might subject them, among whom are women and children, to starvation. I can not well spare provisions from this ship, and it is impossible for them to procure them at New Orleans. I should like to know what course I am to pursue in such cases, especially when the vessels only contain passengers. Several captures have been made by private armed steamers under the secession flag. Since my arrival they keep well up the river out of my reach. There is not water enough for this vessel to cross the bar, and if there was I could not take her through the intricate channel of the river without a pilot. Without other vessels the blockade, I fear, will not be considered a legal one, as there are three or four entrances to watch. I can only guard the principal one (Pass ~ lOutre), the only one at this time accessible to large vessels. Light-draft, swift steamers, with a gun or two of long range, are much needed, and I think it would require at least four vessels to effectually blockade the mouths of the Mississippi and New Orleans. The Powhatan is off Mobile. It will soon be necessary to supply this ship with coal. Vessels are often detained on the bar, waiting for a rise to get over, for several weeks. One English ship remains fast in the mud, with a cargo she took on board two months or more since. Do vessels under such circumstances come under the strict rule of blockade l Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. II. POOR, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pow- hatan, of the capture of the schooner Mary Clinton. U. S. STEAM SLOOP POWHATAN, Off South West Pass, Mississippi River, May 30, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I have captured and sent home the schooner Mary Clinton, of New Orleans, for attempting to run the blockade after being warned by the frigate Niagara not to approach the Southern coast. Gunner Duycker goes in charge of her, and is directed to proceed to New York to turn over the crew, whose times are mostly out. I beg leave to request that Gunner Duycker may be sent back to this ship b Page 189 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 189 the first favorable opportunity, and if we have to send North many prizes (which is more thaii probable) I request that an addition may be made to our crew by the first vessel that comes out. I desire to draw your attention to the fact that the present allowance of crews to vessels is for peace establishment and is not suited at all to times of war,if it is intended that the vessels shall be efficient. I also request that this ship may be supplied with four midshipmen, as we have no masters mates, and no one to take charge of the boats. I am at present engaged in blockading the South West Pass of the Mississippi, which will be done effectually. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, DAVID ID. PORTER, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, relative to capture of schooner Mary Clinton. U. S. STEAM SLOOP POWHATAN, Off South West Pass, Mississippi River, May 30, 18G1. SIR: I have the honor to transmit a roll of the persons attached to this ship on the 29th instant, the date of the capture of the schooner Mary Clinton. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, DAVID ID. PORTER, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from the Secretary of War to the Secretary of the Navy, requesting cooperation in the matter of increasing the defenses at Fort Pickens. Secret and confidential.] WAR DEPARTMENT, May 29, 1861. SIR: For increasing the defenses on Santa Rosa Island and restor- ing the equilibrium lost since the late completion of the Montgomery and Pensacola Railroad, which has enabled the rebels to multiply their batteries and arm them with large guns and mortars, the War Depart- ment desires the use of thirty IX-inch guns, navy pattern, with car- riages and implements complete, and as many shells as can be supplied on short notice. Understanding that you have at Portsmouth, or can have in a few days, the above number of guns, I request you to give the necessary orders for their shipment on board a steamer to be chartered and sent there to receive them by the War Department. It is proposed to send out not less than two large steamers, with a regiment of troops. It is important that these steamers should be each armed with at least two guns, the heavier the better, and supplied with some sailors of the Navy to work the guns, under the direction of a competent naval officer on each; these sailors, with those on the fleet off Santa Rosa, to be ready to assist in landing and setting these guns in battery on the island of Santa Rosa Page 190 190 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. The steamers will be chartered or purchased as transports by the War Department, and their usual working crew and sailing comman- der, if chartered, will be furnished by the owners nuder their charter party. As late advices from Fort Pickens show that some error has been committed which has left the fort insufficiently provided with ammuni- tion and guns to resist a bombardment, daily threatened, all this should be executed with the greatest speed and secrecy. The destination of the vessel and the character of her cargo should be kept secret from all but those to whom it is necessary to make them known in order to the speedy preparation of the expedition. These vessels will carry also a supply of army X-inch guns, and of army shells, mortars, etc., and, it is hoped, a battery of Whitworth rifled guns and some rifled 42-pounders. Heavy boats for landing the guns are needed. If a suitable scow can be l)urchased and carried out by any naval vessel going to Fort Pickens it will much facilitate the landing of the guns and carriages. The next best means will be probably to send out paddle-box boats of large size. In this the War Department must depend upon the cooperation of the Navy, which is earnestly invited, to secure the holding of Fort Pickens, whose military and political importance just now can not be exaggerated. iRespectftilly, your obedient servant, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to the Chief of Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography relative to sUprnent of guns to Fort Pickens. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 30, 1861. Sin: You will direct the twenty-eight IX-inch guns belonging to the Franklins battery, with carriages and equipments, and shells to be ready for immediate transportation. I am, respectfulty, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain A. A. HARWOOD, Chief Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. Letter from Commander Poor, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, to Captain McKean, U. S. Navy, senior officer present, relative to affasrs at the mouth of the Mississippi River, and desiring instruction in matters pertaining to the blockade. U. S. S. BROOKLYN, Off Pass ~t lOutre, May 30, 1861. SIR: I have just boarded the Mexican schooner Brilliante, from Cam- peche. She has on board the American consul of that place, together with several passengers who came here (in ignorance of the blockade) for the purpose of getting passage to New York. Mr. Briccards case is [such] a peculiar one that I advised him to proceed to Mobile and represent his case to you. It appears he has four sons at college at Mobile, and wishes to take them home if possible, or if not allowed t Page 191 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 191 do so, to remain with aud protect them. I have encoUraged him with the hope that you will be able to do something for him. I fear cases of this kind, appealing perhaps too strongly to our sym- pathies, will be of frequent occurrence, and I would like to know your views upon the subject, as well as of many others. For example, ves- sels arrive with emigrants, having a number of passengers, short of provisionsnot enough to take them to the nearest neutral port; they can not get supplied here, so I must either supply them or send them oft to starve. I have turned oft two Bremen ships, one so reduced that I had to supply them with bread, which I exchanged for cordage. I shall in the case of this schooner [have] to furnish beef:, taking turtle in exchange. In one of the emigrant ships there was a young woman who was on her way to Texas to meet her intended husband. The cap- tain represented that if she was not allowed to proceed she would have to return to Bremnen, and in case of freight offering at New York to any other part of the world, he did not know what would become of her. I concluded, therefore, to let her proceed to New Orleans. I arrived here about 2 oclock on Sunday afternoon. The next day I furnished a notice of the blockade to the colonel commanding the Pass, allowing fifteen days to neutral vessels to depart. I found a number of vessels, among them several American, in the mud at the bar, where they have to remain until a rise takes them off. One English vessel so situated had been detained two months nearly. There are several other American vessels a short distance within the river, detaim~ed for the same cause, all of which loaded and cleared before blockade. I should like to know if I am to include these Ameri- can vessels among the neutrals and allow them the same facilities of departure. They are all bona fide American property and their car- goes belong to persons in England and France, and have probably been already paid for. Their clearances are, of course, Confederate, as are all the neutrals. If they are not allowed to depart they may be destroyed by the enemy, or towed back and seized. I can not cross the bar. There are several privateers, who keep up the river since my arrival. They have made several captures. I captured a bark belonging to New Orleans, with a cargo of coffee from Rio, and have sent her to Key West for adjudication. The Powhatan arrived here last evening, having in tow a schooner loaded with rice as a prize. She had been boarded by the Niagara, I believe. Please inform me as early as possible what I am to do with the Ameri- can ships, and in case the obstructions are imot removed from the bar at the end of the fifteen days if the foreign ships shouhj be allowed a longer time. It is my impression they should, as it is no fault of theirs if they are unable to move. In case of the American ships, if left on the bar and not permitted to pass I think the interests of the United States will suffer much more than those of the other party. On the 6th of June I understand all American vessels ili the port of New Orleans are to be seized, the cap- tains and crews to be made prisoners of war. I hope you will have an opportunity of replying to this at an early date. If I do not hear from you, I shall let the American ships depart. The Powhatan is off the South West Pass. I think another vessel quite requisite here. I am, very respectfully, etc., CHAS. II. POOR, Commander. Captain W~ W. MCKEAN Page 192 192 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Letter from Li~utenant- Colonel Fuller, C. S. Army, commanding Passes of the Mississippi River, to Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, regarding movement of neutral vessels. SOUTH WEST PASS, Mississippi RIVER, May 30, 1861. SIR: The undersigned having been assured by Commander Poor, of the U. S. S. Brooklyn, that the tugboats would be permitted to take out- ward-bound neutral vessels over the bar at Pass ~ lOutre without molestation for a period of fifteen days from the date of her arrival, and presuming that the steamer now at anchor at the South West Pass is here for the purpose of blockade, desires to know if the same privilege is extended to the boats at this Pass; also at what date the privilege will terminate. Respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, CHAs. A. FULLER, Lieutenant- Colonel, C. S. Army, Commanding Passes. COMMANDING OFFICER U. S. STEAMER AT SOUTH WEST PAss. P. S.The bearer of this, Mr. G. M. McLellan, will receive and carry to me your written reply to the above communication. C. A. FULLER, Lieutenant- Colonel. Letter from Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pow- hatan, to Lieutenant- Colonel Fuller, C. S. Army, granting permission for neutral vessels to pass out of the Mississippi 1?iver until June 14, 1861. U. S. STEAM SLOOP POWHATAN, South West Pass, Mississippi River, May 31, 1861. SIR: Yonr communication of yesterdays date, desiring to be informed if the privilege extended by Commander Poor, of the U. S. Navy, to the tugboats at Pass ~ lOutre to take outward-bound neutral vessels over the bar at that Pass without molestation for a period of fifteen days from the date of his arrival will be extended to the boats at this Pass, has been received. You are informed in reply that the privilege asked for will be granted until the 14th of June next, inclusive, with the distinct understanding that American will receive the same assist- ance as foreign vessels, and any molestation, hindrance, or obstacle to the former will be immediately followed by a change of policy on my part. I am, respectfully, DAVID D. PORTER, Lieutenant, Commanding. Lieutenant-Colonel CHARLES A. FULLER Southwest Pass, Mississippi River. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to the President Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company, regarding establishment of blockade in the Gulf of Mexico. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 31, 1861. SIR: I have received your letter of the 28th instant. A force of fourteen vessels is in the Gulf or on its way thither to blockade th Page 193 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 193 barbors and ports and protect our commerce in that quarter. To this force the Department is making additions with all the dispatch it can command. It is hoped the vigilance and activity of our squadron will terminate any serious depredations by privateers or illegal cruisers. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. J. D. JoNEs, Esq., President Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company, New York. Report of Lieutenant Porter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, regarding the blockade at the mouth of Mississippi River. U. S. STEAM SLOOP POWIIATJVN South West Pass, Mississippi River, June 1, 18G1. SIR: In the absence of a commander in chief and with no prospect of seeing one here for some time, I deem it my duty to communicate directly with the Department, to enable them to understand the exact position of affairs at the point where I am stationed to rigidly blockade the mouth of the river. Notice having been given in due form, vessels have been warned off or captured, according to circumstances. Such is the anxiety of neutral vessels to get to sea before the day expires to prevent their exit that they tow down to the lower bar, where they invariably stick fast and remain mixed up in inextricable confusion. Some of these vessels have their flying jib booms at sea (or over the bar) while their sterns are fast in the mud, and they can not possibly move either way until the current of the river cuts them out or the tugboats come to their assistance. Under these circumstances, and not being instructed on this point, I have thought it nothing more than just to friendly powers to consider every vessel out of the port of New Orleans when she is fast on the bar of the Mississippi, and I there endorse their papers. In I his arrangement I include United States vessels (already there) which are owned at the North and have Euro- pean property on board, and hold subject to condemnation all vessels owned in New Orleans and carrying secession papers and colors. Some of the tugboats here, in defiance of all law, have enticed over the bar and made prizes of five or six American vessels which have been con- 3demned at New Orleans and awarded to the captors. This act justi- fies the holding of all vessels attempting to enter New Orleans, owned there, or sailing under secession flag and papers. I sent a lawful prize to the United States on the 30th of May, and intend to dispatch another to-day. Since this ship went into commission (now nearly two months) she has received no supply of coal. Having been fifty-four days under steam, we are really unable to go any distance without further sup- plies, nor can we chase vessels. We will soon only be able to lie at the bar like a sailing ship, without the ability of a sailing ship to maneuver under sail. I can not impress upon the Department too strongly the importance of having plenty of coal vessels at the points here where steamers of the Navy are blockading. The blockade of this part of the Southern coast is very incomplete for want of small steamers of very light (Iraft of water. There are many points where the vigilance of our large steamers must be constantly eluded. All along from Mobile to the mouth of the Mississippi there are a dozen N W HVOL 41 Page 194 194 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. places where commerce is carried on in defiance of United States ships. Then, from South West Pass to the westward, as far as Atchafalaya and Berwick Bay, where a railroad connects with New Orleans and sup- plies that place with provisions and munitions of war of all kinds. This blockade has created a great sensation here, and will, if effectually carried out, go far to bring about a change of public sentiment, or else ruin and depopulate New Orleans. The people generally will suffer much by it, and do not seem to view the prospect before them in a very favorable light. The Brooklyn is blockading Pass ~ lOutre, 35 miles from here, but the South and North East Passes, between this ship and the Brooklyn, are open to small vessels and suitable for the entrance and exit of small vessels and privateers. There should be two steamers at the mouth of each Pass, one to lie at anchor and one to chase vessels with. The officers and crew are all well. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, DAVID D. PORTER, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Adams, U. S. Navy, regarding the detention of the steamer General ]Ifiramon. U. S. S. NIAGARA, Off Miobile, June 2, 1861. SIR: On the morning of the 31st of May the steamer General iJifira mon appeared off the mouth of the Mississippi River, flying English colors, steering for Pass ~ lOntre. On seeing the U. S. S. Brooklyn she altered her course and steered for the South Pass. While endeav- oring to enter this Pass, before the guns of the Brooklyn could reach her, she ran ashore. The Brooklyn, on coming within range, fired a shot at her and afterwards, seeing her propeller still moving, fired a second one (a shell). The General Miramon then got off the shoal and came alongside of the Brooklyn. She was boarded by Lieutenant Mitchell, who reported her as having papers all correct, except the register, which was a provisional oixe given by the English consul at New Orleans; also that the vessel had but one days coal, water, and provi- sions on board, and that she had thirty-one passengers, among them five ladies and three children. Captain Poor then or~jered me to take a boats crew and bring the vessel here and report her case to you, as the Brooklyn conld not conveniently furnish her with sufficient coal and proper provisions, and Captain Poor did not feel authorized to let the steamer pass in. Her cargo consisted of cigars and fruit. Her passengers were chiefly foreigners. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. A. ADAMS, Jr., Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. Captain WILLIAM W. MOKEAN, U. S. S. Niagara.. [P. S.]Four of the ladies were quite ill, and one of them so much so that I think she would have died if she had made another sea voy- age. This lady being the mother of the three children, their sufferin Page 195 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 195 was also very great. On my arrival here the General Miramon had but five hours coal on board; the last of her provisions was being cooked, and she had only sufficient water for the day. She leaked very badly through her stern stuffing box, as the bolts were working out. II. A. A., Jr. Petition of master of British steamship General Miramon to senior officer present in Gulf of Mexico for release of that vessel. ON BOARD THE BRITISH STEAMSHIP GENERAL MIRAMON, June 1, 1861. SIR: On the 28th ultimo I left Havana for INew Orleans with twenty- eight passengers, and cargo composed of a few thousand cigars, with sufficient coal and provisions and water to last me for the voyage. I left Havana in perfect ignorance of the blockade, nor [had] the British consul had any intimation thereof. Iii perfect good faith, therefore, my vessel was ordered back and prize crew put on board to carry her to Mobile and confer with the senior officer, and as such I address you to take my case under your serious consideration, and either allow me to proceed to Mobile or New Orleans. I have no coal, provisions, or water to carry me a longer voyage. My crew are shipped from New Orleans. If sent back to Havana when my owner is not there, how am I to procure the necessaries of life, pay my crew, aud perhaps have to sustain litigation l Whereas if sent to Mobile I could communicate with my owner and make arrangements accordingly. The circumstances are very distressing and certainly admit some extension of courtesy to a neutral vessel carrying on a lawful trade. I am, sir, your most obedient [servant], D. GOLDING, Master of Steamship General Miramon. [Captain W. W. MOKEAN, U. S. Navy.] [Enclosure.] I, Daniel Golding, hereby pledge myself that the steamer General Miramon, nuder my command, if allowed to enter the port of Mobile to land my passengers, will as soon as possible come out of that port without cargo, and will depart off the southern coast of the United States. Witness my hand this 1st day of June, 1861, off Mobile. - B. GOLDING. Witness: JOHN GUEST, First Lieutenant Navy Aid. Report of Commander Gibson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship St. Louis, regarding the withdrccwal of that vessel from Fort Jefferson, Fla. U. S. SHIP St. LOUIS, Off Pensacola, June 2, 1861. SIR: I am requested by the commandant at Fort Jefferson (Major Arnold), Tortugas, to make known to you, as he has already done t Page 196 196 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Colonel Brown, the commander in chief of this iDepartment, his extreme disappointment at the withdrawal of this ship from that place, and the conseqnent failure of many of the plans which were being carried out for the strengthening of the works there, in which this ship was an important agent. The men and boats of this ship have been employed since her arrival at that place in the furtherance of those works, and their withdrawal at this time is most severely felt; besides which, the approach to an important anchorage situated on the weaker side of the fortification was intrusted to her guardianship. Having brought these facts to your notice, I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEX. GIBSON, Commander. Captain HENRY A. ADAMS, A3enior Officer Present. Report of Commander Shaw, U. ~3. Navy, commanding chartered steamer Montgomery, of the arri cal of that vessel at Key West with stores. U. S. CHARTERED STEAMER MONTGOMERY, Key West, Fla., June 8, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the safe arrival of this vessel at this port, five days and twenty-one hours from New York. All well. In the absence of any officer senior to myself, I will discharge and turn over to the U. S. naval storekeeper at this place the stores put on board this vessel at the navy yard, New York, in pursuance of the orders of Commodore Breese, fill up with coal and water and proceed without delay in the further execution of your order * of the 17th of May. I have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, your obedient servant, T. D. SHAW, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Captain MeKean, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Mobile, regarding matters pertaining to the blockade. U. S. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA, Off Mobile, June 4, 1861. SIR: I had the honor to address you on the 27th ultimo, off the harbor of Pensacola. I left there on the 28th for this place to relieve the Powhatan, which vessel proceeded at daylight on the morning of the 29th to the mouth of the Mississ.ippi to join the Brooklyn in the blockade of New Orleans. On the evening of the 31st ultimo Commander Glisson arrived in the Mount Vernon with a communication from Captain Adams, reporting the arrival of the steamer Parkersburg with a supply of fresh beet; live stock, vegetables, and stores for the use of the vessels in the Gulf. See p. 175 Page 197 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 197 In the absence of Flag-Officer Stringham Captain Adams opened the communication from the chief of the Bureau of Provisions and Clothing. The ]Jliount Vernon returned to Fort Pickens on the morn- ing of the 1st instant, and I instructed Captain Adams, after having taken out the proportion of provisions, vegetables, etc., for the Sabine, St. Louis, Huntsville, ]Jliokawk, Wyandotte, and the Release, to dispatch the Pcrkersburg in tow of the ]JiJio~snt Vernon to this place. I will take from her the proportion for this ship and dispatch her in a like manner to supply the Brooklyn and Powliatan. After this Commander Glisson will proceed to act under his order from the Department. On the morning of the 1st instant the English steamer General Jliirarnon, Captain Golding, arrived here in charge of Lieutenant Adams and a boats crew from the Brooklyn. Commander Poor states in a letter to me that he was not satisfied as to the correctness of her papers, and that she endeavored to force the blockade. She was from Havana with thirty-six passengers (a list herewith enclosed), having no cargo except a few thousand cigars and a little fruit. She was furnished with a provisional register signed Win. Mure, her Britannic Majestys consul, New Orleans, dated May 4, 1861 (previous to the blockade). It appeared to be genuine. The captain stated that neither he nor the British consul at Havana was aware of the blockade. As the vessel did not attempt to enter port after having been boarded and warned off and as the order of the Department directs that no neutral vessel proceeding toward the entrance of a blockaded port should be captured or detained if she shall not have previously received from one of the blockading squadron a specific notice of the existence of the blockade, I did not think there were sufficient grounds for her capture. Lieutenant Adams, immediately on his coming on board, stated that there was great distress among the passengers; that the last meal had been served; that there was water only for the day, and that the vessel was leaking badly and had but four hours coal on board. Three ladies among the passengers were very ill; one of them, an American, in premature travail, brought on by alarm caused by the firing of a shot over the ]tiliiramon by the Brooklyn, and subsequently another by the Mount Vernon off this place. It was thought that if not landed she would not live through the day. Not having coal or water to spare, and there being no means of sending the passengers on shore, the females not being in a state to bear removal in a boat, I decided, as an act of humanity, to let the vessel go into Mobile, having first, however, received the written pledge of the captain that he would come out without cargo as ~oon as he could obtain a sufficient supply of coal, water, and provisions to carry him off the coast. I can not but hope that my action in the case will be approved by the Department. The ]Jifiramon is a small and very old vessel, having her boilers and part of her machinery on deck. Commander Poor, in a communication of the 31st ultimo, says: Vessels arrive with emigrants, having a number of passengers, short of provisions not enough to take them to the nearest neutral ports; they can not get supplied here, so I must either supply them or turn them off to starve. I have turned off two Bremen ships, one so reduced that I had to supply them with bread, which I exchanged for cordage. He also says: I found a number of vessels (among them several American) in the mud at the bar, where they have to remain till a rise takes them off. One En,,lish vessel had been detained two months nearly. There are several other American vessels a short distance within the river, detained for the same cause, all of which loaded and cleared before the blockade. I should like to know if I am to include the America Page 198 198 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MExIeO. vessels among the neutrals, and allow them the same facilities of departure. They are all bona tide American property, and the cargoes belong to persons in England and France. Their clearances are all Confederate, as are all the neutrals. If they are not allowed to depart they may be destroyed by the enemy or towed back and seized. I can not cross the bar. There are several privateers, who keep up the river since my arrival; they have made several captures. Commander Poor requests to be informed what he is to do with the American ships, and in case the obstructions are not removed from the bar at the end of the fifteen days, if the foreign ships are to be allowed an extension of time. Flag-Officer Stringham not having arrived, I shall instruct Com- mander Poor to allow the neutral ships an extension of time, and to place the American vessels on the same footing if clearly satisfied that the cargoes are not the property of citizens of New Orleans or of any of the secession States, and to permit them to employ tugs to drag them over the bar as soon as possible. In regard to emigrant ships, I have instructed him that if after a careful examination he is clearly satisfied that they have not suffi- cient provision and water to carry them to the nearest neutral port, he may allow the emigrants to be sent to New Orleans. I can see no other course, as it would not be proper to turn off inno- cent people to suffer and perhaps perish by starvation or drought. I presume there will be but few more cases of the kind, as the news of the blockade will have soon reached Europe. Commander Poor states in his communication that he ha~ been informed that all American ves- sels in the port of New Orleans after the 6th instant will be seized and the captains and crews made prisoners of war. The Brooklyn and Powhatan are both getting very short of coal, but 1 hope a supply will soon reach them from Key West or Havana. No neutral vessel has arrived off this place since the commencement of the blockade, and all neutral and American vessels have left Mobile. Two English ships and an American brigantine, belonging to and bound to New York, came out on the 31st ultimo. A small steamer is needed here, and several at the mouth of the Mississippi. This ship is very slow in answering her helm, and, owing to this and her very great length and heavy draft of water, is much less efficient in blockade than she would be in an attack upon a fort or batteries, for which service, with her twelve XI-inch guns, she is admirably calculated. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WiVI. W. MOKEAN, Captain, Senior Qfficer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Lieutenant Craven, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Crusader, regarding condition of that vessel. U. S. S. CRUSADER, Key West, June 4, 18G1. SIR: By the last mail I forwarded to the Navy Department drawings of the boiler of this ship. I am extremely anxious that the ship shall be rendered efficient for active service. We are now perfectly helpless about one-half the time from the constant and increasing leaky condition of the boiler. Le Page 199 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 199 me urge upon you the importance to me of expediting the new boiler as in these times one does not wish to be inactive. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. AUGs. CRAVEN, JOHN LENTHALL, Esq., Lieutenant, Commanding. Chief of Bureau of Construction, etc. [Endorsement.] JUNE 19, 1861. A drawing of a new boiler for the Crusader has been sent to the New York navy yard with instructions to build it with all practicable dispatch. B. F. ISHERWOOD, Engineer in Chief. Report of Lieutenant Ronekendorif, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch, of the arrival of that vessel at Key West from Port Pickens. U. S. S. WATER WITCH, Off Key West, June 4, 1861. SIR: I arrived here on the 31st ultimo from Fort Pickens. I am hav- ing repairs done to the engine and boilers, deemed necessary by the senior engineer. I hope to get through with them and coal, so [as] to leave when the mail arrives, which is expected within the next forty- eight hOurs. I left the anchorage ott Pensacola bar at 11 a. m. on the morning of the 28th ultimo, in company with the U. S. S. Niagara, losing sight of her about 2 p. m. The Sabine and Huntsville were at anchor when I left. About 150 miles out I spoke the steamer lltiount Vernon, having in tow the steamer Parkersburg, which was disabled from the breaking of her shaft. Since my last communication there has been a case of smallpox on board, but of a mild form and of short duration; at present all are well. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. RONCKENDORFF, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, of the detention of the U. S. S. Mount Vernon. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, June 4, 1861. SIR: In consequence of the breaking of the shaft of the hired steamer Parkersburg, I have found it necessary to detain the Mount Vernon at this place five days, and then send her to tow the Parkersburg to the Niagara, off Mobile. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Secretary of the Navy, Washington Page 200 2.00 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Report of Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensa~ cola, of the position of the vessels in the Gulf. U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, June 5, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of the steamer Mount Vernon from New York at this place on the 30th ultimo. She had in tow the Parkersburg, laden with live stock and fresh provisions for the squadron, which vessel had broken her shaft on the passage out. The supply of fresh provisions is very seasonable. The scurvy has nearly disappeared from this ship. The Niagara is off Mobile; the Brooklyn and Powhatan off the mouth of the Mississippi. No demonstrations have yet been made against Fort Pickens. I continue to occupy a position with this ship which I think will effec- tually prevent hostile troops from approaching it by way of Santa Rosa Island. Yesterday the South Carolina arrived from Boston with some heavy mortars and ordnance stores for Fort Pickens, which I will have landed as soon as practicable. The boats of this ship are now engaged in discharging a schooner loaded with similar materials. Very respectfnlly, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Captain, Senior Officer Present. - Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Commander Alden, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. South Carolina, of arrival off Fort Pickens. U. S. S. SOUTH CAROLINA, Off Fort Pickens, June 5, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report my arrival here last evening, after a delay of some thirty-six hours at Key West, occasioned by some neces- sary repairs to machinery and coaling. Respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES ALDEN, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Captain MeKean, U. S. Yavy, senior officer present off Mobile, of the position of vessels and affairs in the Gulf, and of the capture of the schooner Aid in Mobile Bay. U. S. STEAM FRIGATE NIAGARA, Off M~obile, June 6, 1861. SIR: The steamer Parkersburg arrived here on the evening of the 4th instant from off Pensacola. Having carried away her shaft, she was bronght here in tow of the Mount Vernon. The proportion of the supplies for this ship will be transferred from her to-day, and she will proceed this evening to the mouth of the Mississippi to deliver the bal- ance to the Brooklyn and Powhatan. The fresh provisions and vegetables are very acceptable, as the crews of most of the vessels have been long without a supply of this kind Page 201 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 201 I learn from Captain Adams that the St. Louis had arrived, and I herewith enclose a copy of a letter received from her commander. I have instructed Captain Adams to send the St. Louis to this place on the 10th instant. Upon her arrival, I will proceed with the Niagara off Pensacola and dispatch the Huntsville immediately here. By that time I hope the Wyandotte will have returned from Key West, where she has been detained to repair her machinery. On her arrival, as more vessels are needed at the month of the Mississippi, I shall proceed there in this ship, unless I hear in the meantime that other vessels have reached there. A supply of coal will soon be needed for the Niagara. I have not ordered it from Key West, as I am informed by your chief engineer, Mr. Long, that when he left New York vessels were about being char- tered to bring down a supply. Should it not arrive I may be compelled to proceed to Key West. I neglected to report in my communication of the 4th instant that on my arrival at Pensacola I administered an oath (a copy of which is herewith transmitted) to the officers of the Sabine, Brooklyn, Powhatan, Huntsville, Water Witch, and Release. It was taken, I believe, and sub- scribed to by all, with the exception of two or three of the Powhatan, who were unable to get on board the Niagara for the purpose, and Lieutenant J. L. Broome, Lieutenant George IR. Graham, of the Marine Corps, and Second Assistant Engineer Marshall P. Jordan, who refused. I leave them to assign their reasons to the Department. No opportunity of sending these officers to the North offered at the time, but as Commander Glisson has orders to proceed in the steamer Mount Vernon to time Chesapeake, I shall order them to take passage in her, and on her arrival to report to the senior naval officer there. Some of the officers considered the administration of the oath by me a high-handed measure, but I trust it will meet your approbation. A schooner, supposed to be armed, and having a number of men on her deck, has been seen for a number of days past beating about the harbor of Mobile, just within the bar. Yesterday morning she was discovered becalmed alongside the wreck of a large ship, with a num- ber of hands apparently engaged in dismantling her. Lieutenants Guest, de Krafft. and Lieutenant Butler, of the marines, and Midship. men OKane, Swaun, and Casey, were dispatched in three boats to cut her out, the boats being towed in near the bar by the steamer Mount Vernon. They reached the schooner about 3 oclock, took possession, and brought her out. She is not armed, but is a strong-built and well- found vessel of about 100 tons, called the Aid, and belongs to Mobile. Had I not supposed she was armed I would not hav& sent in after her. I feel justified, however, in k eepimig her, as the enemy have cap- tured several of our vessels in the~ Mississippi. She sails fast, and I purpose to mount a 24-pounder howitzer upon her (she could carry a long 32-pounder) and to employ her to aid in the blockade until the arrival of the flag-officer, when she can be restored or sent to Key West for adjudication, as he may deem best. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. W. MCKmVN, Captain, and Senior Officer Present. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. P. S.I find that I misunderstood Mr. Long in regard to a supply of coal. He states that vessels were about being chartered for Key West, not the Gulf Page 202 202 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Enclosures.] Copy of oath. We, the undersigned, officers of the United States Navy, do solemnly swear to bear true allegiance to the United States of America, and to serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies or oppos- ers whomsoever, and to observe and obey the orders of the Presi- dent of the United States of America and the orders of the officers appointed over us, and in all things to conform ourselves to the rules and regulations which now are or hereafter may be enacted by Con- gress for the better government of the Navy of the United States, and that we will support the Constitution of the United States. U. S. SHIP ST. Louis, Off Pensacola, June 4, 1861. SIR: I consider it my duty to bring to your notice the state of the ship under my command, so that in the event of anything occurring in which the matters reported are involved I shall be relieved of any responsibility. This ship was fitted out for two years cruise. She has now been out two years and five months. During the greater part of that time she was on the Mosquito coast, where the rains are almost constant (the intervals being but very short); her sails consequently suffered very much, and she has at this time but one suit, and they are not to be depended npon in case the ship should be caught in a gale on a lee shore where they would be required to claw the ship off; and in the performance of this duty of blockading she is most likely at some time to be bronght in such a position, when she must inevitably go on shore. I would also state that there is not a spare breeching in the ship, and those which are now in use have seen good service. In addition to the foregoing important matters, I would respectfully state that the men of this ship, as represented to me by the surgeon, are in a completely enervated state, having been cooped up in this ship in a tropical climate for nearly two years and a halg and they are con- sequently most susceptible to disease, which is evidenced by the fact that the sick list has shown an average of twenty-eight for the last week. That number of men, added to the number that the ship is short of her complement, which is twelve, makes us forty working men deficient, which is materially felt in her management. I feel sure if the Department were aware of the condition of this ship and crew, and of her utter inefficiency in her present state for this kind of duty (taking her safety into consideration), that they would imme- diately order her home for another outfit. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, ALEX. GIBSON, Commander. Captain WILLIAM W. MCKEAN & nior Officer Present off Mobile. Extracts of personal letter from Captain Adams, U. S. Navy, senior officer present off Pensacola, to Captain Du Pont, U. S. Navy, relative to affairs in the Gulf of Mexico. [U. S. FRIGATE] SABINE, OtT Pensacola, June 6, 1861. M~ DEAR Du PONT: Since the monstrous long letter I wrote to you some time ago not much of any consequence has transpired here. For Page 203 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 203 Pickens is still safe, though threatened by Bragg with 8,000 or 10,000 men, and our heavy work and vigilance still continue. It seems as if heavy guns, mortars, military stores, provisions, etc., never would cease arriving for the fort, and this ship has to land them all, for McKean came here the other day and carried ott the Brooklyn and Powhatan to blockade Mobile and the mouth of the Mississippi. I have seen in the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin a very handsome and complimentary defense of my character and actions against an attack by some anony- mous writer from the l3rooklyn in the New York Tribune. The article in the Tribune is a tissue of lies from beginning to end, and is written by someone who in a former communication did us a great deal of mis- chief here whichlwilltellyouof some of these days. Jsuspectwho it is, and he has no great reason to like me personally. The officers of this ship are very indignant and would like to do sq~nething terrible. But who can fight against a shadow l * * * * * * * The South Carolina arrived here the day before yesterday from Bos- ton. Alden, who commands her, says Mervine is on his way here in the Mississippi, and this ship is ordered to Portsmouth, N. II. If this is so, I may hope to see you before long and have a good old-fashioned talk about times past and present. In the meantime, God bless you. * * * Ever truly, your attached friend, II. A. ADAMS. Captain S. F. PU PONT. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding surf boats for Gulf Squadron. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, June 7, 1861. SIR: I was directed on the 16th of May ultimo, by a telegraphic dis- patch from the Department, to send surfboats to the Gulf. The number was not stated nor any especial order for their disposition on arrival there. I purchased two which were ready and sent them by the steamer R. R. Cuyler, to be delivered to the commanding officer of the Gulf Squadron. Six more will be ready in four days, and I intended to send them by the Daylight; she goes, however, to the Chesapeake. What disposition shall I make of the six when ready ~ A telegram directed to Captain Foote was received last evening in relation to boats for landing guns, stores, etc. I enclbse it to the Department that it may see its indistinctness and informality. If I was informed of the size and the guns to be put in them for conveyance, where to send and to whom to consign them, I could more readily sub- serve the public interests. I respectfully request instructions. If the Potomacs launches are used for this purpose new ones must be con- structed, which can be done before she can be got ready for sea. Besides her two launches we have one other and three cutters to spare. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy Page 204 204 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. [Telegram.] BROOKLYN, June 7, 1861. Telegram from Colonel Meigs to Captain Foote relative to boats is received, which I do not understand. Will the Department send me explicit instructions ~ We have six launches and cutters available. Two of the launches belong to the Potomac. SAML. L. BREESE. Commodore PAULDING, Navy Department. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York regarding surf boats. NAVY DEPARTMENT, June 8, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 7th instant has been received. The six surf- boats referred to can be sent to the Gulf as convenient opportunities offer. Each vessel should have one whaleboat. Colonel Meigs or his agent can have any launches that are suitable for landing guns on Santa Rosa Island, provided the Navy can spare them, he receipting therefor. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Report of Lieutenant ]Jliullany, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Supply, of the arrival of that vessel at New York from Pensacola. U. S. SHIP SUPPLY, Navy Yard, New York, June 14, 1861. SIR: In obedience to instructions, a copy of which is herewith enclosed, I sailed from the anchorage off Pensacola the 12th nitimo, touching at Tortugas and Key West to deliver provisions to the St. Louis and Crusader, and have arrived at this port this morning in twelve days from Key West, bringing home twenty-four invalids from the fleet. I have to call your attention to the accompanying report in relation to the conduct of Charles H. McCann. I have just r& eived a letter from him and enclose a copy of it. He is now in confinement, where I shall keep him awaiting instructions in reference to his case. I enclose a list of the officers and crew attached to the Supply. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. It. M. MULLANY, Lieutenant, Commanding. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] U. S. FRIGATE SABINE, Off Pensacola, May 11, 1861. SIR: As soon as the Supply is ready for sea and you have received the sick of the squadron on board you will proceed to Tortugas an Page 205 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXiCO. 205 deliver to the St. Louis the provisions and stores you have on board for her. After this you will go to Key West and give the Crusader her provisions. Should any stores or provisions remain after supplying these vessels you will leave them with the naval storekeeper at Key West. You will then proceed direct to New York, and on arriving there report by letter to the honorable Secretary of the Navy. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, II. A. ADAMS, Lieutenant J. B. M. MULLANY, Captain, Senior Officer Present. Commanding U. S. S. Supply. Abstracts of log books of United States vessels* which served in the Gulf of Mexico during the period from November, 1860, to June 7, 1861. Abstract log of the U. S. S. Crusader, Lieutenant T. A. Craven, commanding, March 16 to May 20, 1861. March 16, 1861.At 1:40 p. m. got underway and stood down to Sandy Hook. March 25.At 6:35 a. m. came to anchor off Government wharf (Key West). April 13.At 5 p. m. steamed down to Fort Taylor; anchored off the fort and received thirty- two soldiers and accouterments; took a barge in tow with guns and ammunition. At 10:45 sent troops on board and lighter alongside the U. S. S. Atlantic. April 26.At 8 a. m. standing for Havana. April 27.From 8 to meridian: Saluted the Spanish flag with twenty- one guns and the Spanish admiral with thirteen guns. April 30.At 7: 40 p. m. came to anchor off Key West. May 8.From 8 to meridian: Boarded the English schooner Mary Jane from Nassau and gave him a copy of the declaration I of the block- ade at this port. From meridian to 4 p. in.: Boarded the smack W. H. Middleton, from Havana; no cargo. On the 7th of May boarded an American schooner from Vera Cruz. May 11.At 5 p. m. hove up anchor and stood to sea. At 7 Morro light ~llavana] bore by compass S. 4- W., 8 miles. May 12.At 6:25 a. m. came to off Key West. From meridian to 4 p. in.: Boarded schooner Elizabeth Russel, from Cedar Keys, and the Fashion. May 15.From 8 to meridian: Fired a shot across tie bow of the steamer Louisiana to make her show her colors. Brought the sloop Burrows to with a shot. May 18.From 8 to meridian: Fired a shot to prevent the sloop Ellen Galligen from sailing contrary to orders. May 20.From 4 to 8 a. in.: Brig Mystic arrived with troops; boarded a brig arrived yesterday. From 8 to meridian: Seized the smack Nep- tune and anchored her under the guns of Fort Taylor. Mounted 24-pounder howitzer on port bow; sent on board the cutter Appleton sour men with 12-pounder howitzer, in charge of Lieutenant Duncan. Where vessels are mentioned in the preceding text and no abstract log appears in. this work it is either because the log books have not been found or the incidents mentioned in them are not of sufficient importance to justify their publioatio~,~. COMPILERS. t8ee p. 159 Page 206 206 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Abstract log of tho U. S. S. Niagara, May 5 to Juno 7, 1861, Captain William W. McKean, commanding. May 5, 18G1.At 2 p. m. got underway and steamed out of the harbor [New York]. May 10.At 8:30 p. m. fired a gnu and brought to the American ship Katahdin, from Liverpool to Savannah; lowered the second cutter, boarded her, and warned her off the coast. At 10:45 came to off Charleston. May 11.At 11:50 a. m. hoisted the ensign and fired a gnu and brought to a large ship showing English colors; lowered second cutter, boarded and warned off the English ship Boyne. At 1 p. m. discovered a steamer standing out of Charleston Harbor; stood for her and dis- covered a second steamer having the Confederate flag and apparently filled with men; beat to quarters and prepared for action, loading both batteries with 15-second shell. On nearing the entrance to South Channel one steamer stood into port, the other keeping close inshore beyond our range; steered apparently for Savannah. Discovered twenty-eight large armed launches filled with men on the bar abreast the light-house. At 3 continued in chase. At 4 the chase, being unable to pass clear of us, continued in shoal water and put back to Charleston. May 12.At 7:30 a. m. boarded and warned off several ships bound for Charleston. From 8 a. m. to meridian: At 9, observing the American ship General Parkhill was making signals with the shore, fired a shell across her bows and brought her to; sent a boat alongside and took possession of her. At 11:30 sent Midshipman Schley and a prize crew of ten men on board. The General Parkhill was owned in and bound for Charleston. May 13.At 4:45 p. m. a small steamer carrying English colors and a flag of truce at the fore came alongside and the English consul came on board. May 19.At 9:50 a. m. ran into the harbor of Havana. Sent an officer and boats crew to haul down two Confederate flags flying at the mastheads of two brigantines, who wore an exceedingly small American flag at their main topping lifts. Confederate flags were hauled down and boat returned. May 25.At 8:45 came to anchor off Santa Rosa Island, Florida. May 29.At anchor off Mobile. At 3 p. m. Fort Morgan tried the range of one of her heavy guns with shell, reaching nearly across the main channel. May 31.Boarded the Velasco from Galveston and ordered her to hoist hercolors;sherepliedthat she had none; sent anofficertoboardher, and brought her captain on board; sent her captain baTh, hoisted the boat, and stood for the bar. From meridian to 4 p. in.: Standing off and on the entrance to Mobile Bay. At 2 boarded the English ship Pert hshire, from Mobile for Liverpool. At 5 boarded the ship Bramley Moore, from Mobile for Liverpool. From 6 to 8 boarded the brigantine East and brought the captain on board. The East was from Mobile, bound to New York with a cargo of resin and turpentine. June 1.At 8 a. m. the Mount Vernon returned, bringing back the brigantine East, which had been suspected of making night signals to the shore. On examination released her and she sailed for New York. At 11 discovered a steamer under the land standing toward us, the Mount Vernon intercepting her and firing two guns. We got underway and stood for them. She proved to be the English steamer Miramon, under consular papers from Havana, with passengers for INew Orleans Page 207 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 207 and was sent up by the Brooklyn for trying to avoid being informed of the blockade of New Orleans. On examination, finding she was out of provisions and coal and her passengers in distress, she was permitted to land them at Mobile under pledge to leave port without cargo as soon as she should obtain provisions. June 5.At 1 p. in., observing operations of a suspicions character going on on board of a hulk lying between Dauphin and Sand Islands, and that communication was taking place with a schooner anchored near her, sent the Mount Vernon with our second and fourth cutters and the Dolphin in tow to examine the hulk and cut out the schooner. From 6 to 8 p. in.: The boat expedition returned with the schooner Aid, of Mobile, as a prize. June 7.At 7 p. m. got underway and stood for a schooner; hailed her and found her to be the Bliza Fiske, of Key West, bound to New Orleans; brought the captain on board with his papers, but having no clearance ordered him to anchor near us for the night. Abstract log of the U. S. S. Powhatan, April 5 to June 3, 1861, Commander D. D. Porter, commanding. April 5, 1861.Ship put in commission at Brooklyn navy yard. April 6.At 5:40 p. in. discharged the pilot and took our departure. April 17.At 1:30 p. m. came to anchor off Santa Rosa Island, Florida. April 18.Off Fort Pickens. At 1 p. m. dispatched working boats. Made a schooner with a gun amidships and a large number of men on board, standing on and off Santa Rosa Island. Called away first launch, put on board the gun, and sent her in charge of Lieutenant Thompson to anchor off the beach and open fire upon her [the schooner]. Lieutenant Thompson returned with the launch. April 23.From 6 to 8 p. m: Information having been received from Colonel Brown, commanding Fort Pickens, that the secessionists with two steamers and several boats were attempting to land on Santa Rosa Island, Lieutenant Thompson was dispatched with the second launch, armed with a howitzer and marines to watch their motions. The Sabine and Brooklyn also sent a boat. May 1.From 8 to meridian: Received from the shore a 12-pounder howitzer. At 11.20 a. m. a tugboat flying the Southern Confederacy flag came out and went alongside the Sabine. May 14.From 4 to 8 a. m: Sent on board the Philadelphia two heavy 12-pounder howitzers, with field and boat carriages and all the appur- tenan ces complete. ilIay 15.From meridian to 4p. m: Lieutenant Brown in the Oriental boarded the schooner Diana, from Mobile, bound to Pensacola; brought on board from her passengers Mr. Russell, of the London Times, and suite. Sent them to the ~S~abine to communicate with Captain Adams, who granted them permission to enter the harbor. iVfay 20.Lieutenant Brown boarded the schooner Gulf Ranger and warned her not to come out the harbor. An officer went from her to the Sabine. The tugboat with a flag of truce at 1:15 p. m. stood in for the harbor again. At 8:30 rockets were fired on shore; they were answered by the Sabine, Brooklyn, and this ship. Called away all boats and armed them. May 21.At 8:30 p. m. sent second cutter with armed crew, in charge of Lieutenant Smith, to report to Colonel Brown at Fort Pickens Page 208 208 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. May 24.At 12:30 a. m. armed the third cutter and sent her away in charge of Lieutenant Harris, to cut out a schooner at anchor near the month of the Perdido River. At 3:40 p. m. Lieutenant Harris returned, and reported having gone to the westward about 18 miles, and that the vessel after which he was sent was a wreck that had been there some time. May 2G.Received orders from Commander Poor to go off Mobile and remain there until relieved. At 9:30 p. m. descried the fort, and anchored off Mobile. Observed on Fort Morgan the American ensign, union down, under the Confederate flag. May 28.The steamer Swan came out with a flag of truce. Lieuten- ant Ball, of the Southern Army, came on board and delivered a com- munication from the acting British consul, and returned with an answer. illay 29.Lieutenant Thompson was temporarily detached from this ship and ordered to take charge of the schooner Oriental, and go to Pensacola and deliver her up to Colonel Brown. At 2:20 p. m. spoke the schooner Mary Clinton, of New Orleans, from Charleston, S. C., bound to New Orleans, and ordered her to heave to. Sent Lieutenants Brown and Smith on board to examine her papers. Found that the register had been endorsed by the Niagara, off Charleston, S. C., warn- ing her off the Southern coast. Seized her as a lawful prize; sent Lieu- tenant Queen as prize master, with two marines. May 30.At 2:05 p. m. came to anchor off South West Pass, Louisiana. June 2.From 12 to 4 p. in.: Lieutenant Brown boarded the English schooner Andromeda and English brig Kate, warning them not to enter any port south of Baltimore except Key West. While on board the Andromeda Lieutenant Brown was asked by a man calling himself George Ellis, of Worcester, Mass., for protection from the United States, stating that he had been taken prisoner while employed as cook on board the American ship Marshall by the rebel privateer V. if. Ivy; that he had been imprisoned eight days in New Orleans, and that after his release he concealed himself on board the Andromeda with the intention of escaping and joining some vessel of the blockading squadron. Mr. Brown brought him on board and he was shipped as landsman. The captain of the Andromeda told Lieutenant Brown that he had never seen the man before. June 3.Off South West Pass, Mississippi River. Discovered from top masthead indications of a battery being erected on the point above Pilot Town. It looks as if a hulk and tents were placed there and men at work. Discovered the tugboat Ocean coming down ~lie river with a flag of truce; had also the English, French, and Bremen flags. At 3 p. m. sent the bark alongside the tugboat and brought the English, French, Bremen, and Spanish consuls on board. Abstract log of the U.S. S. Sabine, Captain H. A. Adams, commanding, April 12 to July 6, 1q61. April 12, 1861.At anchor off Pensacola light. From 6 to 8 p. in.: Hoisted out first cutter and sent it armed and equipped in charge of Lieutenant L. H. Newman with marines to the steamer Brooklyn. From 8 to midnight: Hoisted out launches; sent Companies A, B, C, and D, landing parties, in charge of Lieutenant Lewis (R. F. R.) to the Wyan- dotte to reenforce Fort Pickens. At 9 the light of the light.house was put out Page 209 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 209 Ajpril 13.At 6:30 a. m. the steamers Brooklyn and Wyandotte came out after landing the marines and artillerymen at Fort Pickens. Com- panies A, B, C, and ID returned on board. April 16.At 8:15 p. m. Fort Pickens sent up two rockets; answered with a like number. Hoisted out the boats and sent them on board the Atlantic, in charge of Lieutenants Newman and McCann, to assist in landing reenforcements for Fort Pickens. April 17.Boats employed landing troops from the Atlantic; Wyan- dotte and Atlantic stood in close to Santa Rosa Island. From 8 to meridian: Officers and marine guard, with the exception of ten men, returned from Fort Pickens. An English war steamer appeared in the offing. At 12:30 p. m. the Powhatan hauled down the English colors and hoisted the American flag and stood in under the land and anchored near the Atlantic. The Brooklyn went in and anchored near the Atlan- tic to cover the disembarkation of the light batteries, etc. April 18.Boats assisting in discharging the Atlantic. April 19.The Illinois arrivedwith troops from New York at midnight. April 23.Atlantic sailed. Sent a number of men to help discharge the Illinois. April 24.Sent boats to help discharge transport steamer Illinois. April 30.From meridian to 4 p. in.: Still discharging Illinois. May 1.From 8 a. m. to meridian: A steam tug flying a secession flag and a truce flag came out to communicate. May 2.Illinois sailed. May 3.Boats employed discharging transport steamer Philadelphia. May 7.From 4 to 6 p. in.: Powhatan and Brooklyn got underway to examine two strange steamers to the westward; brought them down near this ship. May 8.At 10 the two steamers stood out to the westward. May 13.From meridian to 4 p. in.: Sent a boat up to the navy yard to communicate with General Bragg. May 14.The Philadelphia finished discharging and sailed for home. A steam tug came out with a flag of truce. An officer from the tug came on board and returned at 5 p. in., and the tug stood in. May 29.Landing troops and discharging steamer AS~uwanee. May 30.From 4 to 6 p. in.: Sent a guard of ten marines to guard cattle pen on Santa Rosa Island. May 31.From 6 to 8 p. in.: Boarded English bark Mary Rogerson and warned her off the coast. June 4.Boats employed landing guns from schooner Roe. June 15.Got under way and took departure from Pensacola. July 5.At anchor off Portsmouth, IN. H. - Abstract log of the U. S. S. South Carolina, May 22 to June 7, 1861, Commander Jame3 Aide; commanding. May 22, 1861.Ship put in commission ~Boston navy yard]. May 24.At 3:15 p. m. cast off and steamed down the harbor. June 4.At 3:15 p. m. saw five sail at anchor off Pensacola Harbor, and steered for them. At 4:45 pass.ed U. S. ship & 6bine and came to anchor. Found here at anchor U. S. ships & . Louis, Release, Hunts- ville; also an English ship, reported to have put in for water and pro- visions; schooner John H. Roe, discharging a cargo of guns and shelJ~ for Fort Pickens; schooner Oriental, acting as guard for fleet. June 6.At 11:55 a. in. stood in toward Fort Pickens. June 7.Discharging ammunition for Fort Pickens. N W RYOL 41 Page 210 210 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Abstract log of the U. S. sbip Supply, January 9 to Juno 14, 1861, Commander Henry Walke, commanding. January 9,1861.Off Warrington navy yard, Pensacola, Fla. From meridian to 4 p. in.: Sent a boat to Fort Barrancas to assist the troops in moving to Fort Pickens. January 10.From 4 to 8 a. in.: Stood down for Fort Pickens. From 8 to meridian: Assisting the work at Fort Pickens. From meridian to 4 p. in.: Sent boat to assist in removing powder and different articles from the Barrancas to Fort Pickens. From 4 to 8p. in.: Men and boats assist- ing in getting Fort Pickens in a state of defense; also sent to Fort McRee. January 11.An officer and boats crew sent to cooperate with the garrison of the fortifications. A number of men sent to assist the gar- rison of Pickens and destroy the powder at Fort McRee. January 12.From meridian to 4p.m.: The navy yard,marine bar- racks, and hospital surrendered and hauled down the American flag to the State troops of Florida. From 4 to 8p. in.: Stood out of the harbor and anchored. January 13.Was taken in tow by the Wyandotte and stood in for the harbor under flag of truce. Received on board the family of Lieu- tenant Irwin. January 14.Received men from the hospital and men from the yard and baggage of the officers of the yard; also their furniture. January 15.Received on board the families of the late forward offi- cers of the navy yard [Pensacola], and their baggage. January 16.At 7 a. m. got underway and stood out of the harbor [Pensacola]. February 4.At 2:30 p. m. arrived at the navy yard, New York. March 6.At 1 p. m. ship weiit in commission, Commander A. Gibson in command. illarch 15.At 10 a. in. got underway and stood down the harbor [New York]. April 7.Came to anchor in the harbor of Pensacola. April 11.At 9 p. m. the Brooldyn got nnderway and stood in toward the harbor, and during the night landed the troops and marines on board, to reenforce Fort Pickens. April 1G.At 5 p. m. steamer Atlantic arrived with troops and muni- tions of war for Fort Pickens. During the night 300 troops were landed on Santa Rosa Island by the boats of the squadron. April 17.Lieutenant J. R. M. Mullany took command of this ves- sel. Boats of the squadron employed landing troops and munitions of war. April 18 and 19.Boats from squadron employed landing munitions of war and army stores from Atlantic on Santa Rosa Island. June 14.Standing into New York. Abstract log of the U. 5. 5. Wyandotte, January 12 to May 16, 1861, Lieutenant 0. H. Berryman, commanding. January 12, 1861.At 2 p. m the American ensign and flag-officers flag were hauled down at the navy yard. January 14.Florida forces hoisted the American flag with lone star. January 18.Sent six marines to Fort Pickens. January 20.At 11 a. in. six marines and ten seamen volunteered and went on shore to assist at Fort Pickens. From 8 to 12 midnight: Sent ten men to Fort Pickeus to assist in mounting guns Page 211 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 211 March 9.At 7 p. m. steamed about Fort Pickens in consequence of a report of an attack being made on the fort. April 2.At 3: 9~5 Lieutenant Commanding 0. II. Berryman, of this ship, departed this life. April 3.At 4 a. m. sent a boat to the navy yard, Pensacola, to com- municate with Captain Ingraham in respect to the burial of Captain Berryman. At 2 formed boat procession and followed for the funeral service and burial. At 5 p. m. started out for the squadron. April 7.Lieutenant J. P~. M. Mullany took command of this ship. April 12.At 10:30 a. m. stood out to communicate with the squad- ron oft~ Pensacola, taking out Lientenant Worden (bearer of dispatches). At 5:30 p. m. landed Lieutenant Worden at Pensacola. April 17.At 7:35 a. m. Captain M. C. Meigs and Lieutenant McFar- land, of the Engineer Corps, and Captain Barry, of U. S. Flying Artil- lery, came on board to reconnoiter the coast of Santa iRosa Island, in order to find a landing for the horses and stores. Stood in and landed the reconnoitering party, the Atlantic, transport steamer, following us. At 10:30 reconnoitering party returned on board. Lieutenant J. C. Williamson took command. May 2.Lieutenant Commanding A. S. Baldwin reported and took command. May 3.At 5:45 p. m. took our departure. May 8.-Anchored in Key West Harbor. May 1G.Anchored near the Sabine, off Fort Pickens. May 21.Anchored at Key West. June 6.Left Key West for Fort Pickens, Fla. CONIvEDEIRATE REPOIRTS AND CORIRESPOINTDENCE. Memorandum of instructions from Colonel Chase, commanding forces of Florida, to Captain Randolph, commandant navy yard, Pe~~sacola,in case of an attack upon the navy yard and forts in vicinity by Fort Pickens. HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, January 21, 1861. The official telegraph signed by the late Senators in Congress from Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi to the colonel commanding the forces of Florida in this districj3 renders a modification of the memorandum dated 19th January necessary. The admonition that no blood should be shed is emphatic. They unite in saying that, Blood shed now may be fatal to our cause. Governor Moore, of Alabama, has telegraphed to the colonel commanding that, There are, I suspect, important reasons for this ~ is advised to telegraph not to attack Fort Pickens. and that he Under the line of policy so clearly indicated by high authority, the navy yard will not be defended if summoned to be surrendered by a force sufficient to attack. In this case the detachment stationed at the navy yard and marine barracks will fall back upon the Barrancas, where there will be concentrated a force that the Federal forces would hardly attack. Should Fort Barrancas be bombarded or battered by Fort Pickens, the garrison should be withdrawn to avoid all useles Page 212 212 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. loss of life, and take post with the main body of troops. Prompt measures also should be taken to withdraw the guard from Fort McRee. WM. II. CHASE, Colonel, Commanding Forces of Florida. Captain Y. M. RANDOLPH, Commanding Navy Yard. Memorandum from Mr. Mallory to Captain Randolph, commanding navy yard, Pensacola, relative to communication between the Federal and Confederate forces at Pensacola. PENSACOLA, January 28, 1861. At 11 a. m. to-day Captain Barron, U. S. Navy, called upon Colonel Chase and communicated to him the fact that he had just arrived from Washington, and was the bearer of written dispatches and verbal orders from the Hon. Mr. Toucey, Secretary of the Navy, the written dispatches being directed to Captains Glynn, Adams, and Poor, of the ships, severally, ]ifacedonian, AS1abine, and St. Louis, and which, together with the verbal orders to him, are designed and directed exclusively to prevent the said ships from entering the harbor of Pensacola, and the verbal orders authorizing him to notify any other national vessel that the Department wishes them not to enter said port; and furthermore, to inform and instruct the officers of said ships that the Department wishes them to avoid any act that may have a tendency to lead to hos- tilities, and that as the ships, by entering this port, might possibly induce bloodshed, they are to keep outside the port. Captain Barron also expressed the Secretarys earnest determination to avoid blood- shed, and to do nothing to bring it about. I was present at this interview, and Colonel Chase, upon learning Captain Barrons mission and its pacific character, promptly authorized him to communicate with any United States vessels off the port, directing Captain Ran- dolph to furnish the necessary transportation, etc. And at Captain Barrons request he also authorized him, Captain Barron having no dispatches, verbal or written, to the forces there, to communicate with Lieutenant Slemmer at Fort Pickens. S. II. MALLORY. [Captain V. M. RANDOLPH, Commanding Navy Yard.] Memorandum of instructions from Colonel Chase, commanding Florida forces, to Captain Randolph, commandant navy yard, Pensacola, rela- tive to communication between the Federal and Confederate forces at Pensacola. HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, January 28, 1861. Captain Barron, of the U.S. Navy, upon his statementthat heis author- ized to communicate with the United States vessels of war arriving off this harbor in order to deliver verbal and written orders to the corn- inanders of said vessels to keep outside the port, and to act strictly on the defensive, will be permitted to hold such communication accord- ingly, and he is also permitted to communicate with Fort Pickens at his own request, although he has no dispatches for the fort Page 213 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 213 Captain Randolph commanding at the navy yard will afford Captain Barron facilities of communication by boats with the ships. WM. II. CHASE, Captain ~. M. RANDOLPH, Colonel, Commanding Forces. Commanding Navy yard. Letter from Mr. Mallory to Colonel Chase, commanding Florida forces, transmitting instructions from the U. S. Secretaries of War and the Navy, to the officers commanding off Fort Pickens. JANUARY 29, 1861. Mv DEAR COLONEL: I have just received from the hands of Mr. Thornton, the telegraph operator here, a reply from Messrs. Slidell, Bigler, and Hunter, to my telegram to them yesterday, and I herewith submit it to yoa for such action as you may deem best. These gentlemen you will perceive send me the instructions of the Navy and War Department, as the Presidents answer to my telegram. Knowing that you did not design to attack Fort Pickens under exist- ing circumstances, I assured these gentlemen that no attack would be made unless reenforcemeuts were attempted, in which case I could not feel assured that the troops here would not attack. Permit me to sug- gest that if you shall act upon this dispatch and give the assurance as indicated therein, you can have this dispatch delivered to Lieutenant Slemmer and the officers named, by Captain Barron, whose mission is of a peaceful character. Very truly yours, S. R. MALLORY. Colonel W. H. CHASE, Commanding Florida Forces. [Inclosure.] WASHINGTON, January 29, 1861. (Received at Pensacola, 9 oclock p. in.) We send you answer of President in shape of instructions * of Sec- retaries of War and the Navy. JOHN SLIDELL. R. M. T. HUNTER. W. BIGLER. Hon. S. R. MALLORY, Or, in his absence, Colonel Chase. Letter from Colonel Chase, commanding Florida forces, to Captain Ran- doljph, commandant navy yard, Pensacola, relative to communication between Federal and Confederate forces at Pensacola. HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, January 30, 1861. SIR: I enclose for your information memorandums Nos. 1 and 2 showing the arrangements entered into for preventing United States ships of war entering this harbor, and the landing of reenforcements from the U. S. S. Brooklyn. * See p. 74 Page 214 214 OPERATIONS iN THE GULF OF MEXICO. The policy being previously established that no assault on Fort Pickens should be made, I found no difficulty in giving the assurance that no attack should be made and that preparations for attack should be discontinued. I gave permission also for communication by special messenger between the officers of the ships and the Government, seeing that such communication could be easily had in many other ways than through the navy yard that could not be stopped by us. The meeting of the general convention at Montgomery on the 4th February next, and the election of a president of that body will estab- lish a de facto Government of the seceding States, which will at once develop the future policy both of that Government and the Federal Government at Washington. The opinion is that an arrangement thereafter will be made by which Forts Sumter and Pickens will be peacefully surrendered to the Gov- ernment of the Southern Confederacy. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. II. CHASE, Colonel, Commanding Forces. Captain Y M. RANDOLPH, Commanding Navy Yard, Warrington. Letter from commandant navy yard, Pensacola, to Colonel Chase, com- manding forces of Florida, regarding means of communication with Fort Pickens. PENSACOLA NAVY YARD, Warrington, Fla., January 30, 1861. SIR: Captain S. Barron has expressed a desire that the Wyandotte should be allowed to anchor between the island of Santa Rosa and the navy yard for the convenience of more ready and prompt communica- tion with him, the flag of truce being, of course, hoisted at all times. Please inform me whether his request shall be granted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain, Commanding Navy Yard. Colonel W. II. CHASE, Comdg. Forces of Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama, Pensacola. Letter from Colonel Chase, commanding forces of Florida, to commandant navy yard, Pensacola, regarding restriction of intercourse with Fort Pickens. HEADQUARTERS, Pensacola, January 31, 1861. My DEAR SIR: The intercourse of the officers and men at Fort Pickens with this side must be confined to the sending a boat for the mail and fresh provisions to the central wharf of the navy yard, and then only one person (an officer or noncommissioned officer) will be per- mitted to come ashore, where he will remain only long enough to effect the object of his visit. The rigid exclusion of persons from the island of Santa Rosa from this side renders it necessary that my instructions in this matter should be strictly executed Page 215 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 215 You will please ifiform Lieutenant Slemmer in the premises at once, by sending him a copy of this letter. I am, very truly, yours, WM. H. CHASE, Captain ~. ~. RANDOLPH, Colonel, Commanding Forces. Commanding Navy Yard. Letter from Colonel Chase commanding forces of Florida to of Alabama, , the governor urging an increased force for the protection of the Pensa- cola navy yard. MONTGOMERY, February 14, 1861. Sin: I deem it my duty to repeat that the navy yard, Fort Barrancas, and Fort McRee are untenable under the fire of Fort Pickens and ships of war. That, though no attack may be expected during Mr. Buchanans Administration, a considerable force could be landed from the ships of war oft Pensacola and from those now in the Gulf of Mexico, which, combined with the garrison at Fort Pickens, would amount to 1,000 men; and we shonid not forget that this force may be greatly increased by and after the 4th of March next. hi a former communication I urged that 5,000 men should be collected at the Barrancas by the 1st of March next, a force which would be suf- ficient to prevent the Federal forces fortifying the navy yard and the approaches to the Barrancas nutil we could obtain guns of proper cali- ber and in numbers necessary to batter and capture Fort Pickens. It would be better to withdraw our forces altogether than to expose them to attack which they could not resist by reason of inadeqnate numbers. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. H. CHASE. His Excellency A. B. MOORE, Governor of Alabama, Montgomery, Ala. NoTE.The guns should be 10-inch Columbiads, or the Armstrong gun of the largest size. W. H. C. Special order from the governor of Florida, regarding change of command of the forces of Florida. SPECIAL ORDERS, ~ HEADQUARTERS PENSACOLA DISTRICT, No. 27. 5 Barrancas Barracks, Fla., March 2, 1861. Copy of dispatch received from Governor Perry, of Florida: EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Tallahassee, lila., March 1, 1861. (Received at Pensacola 3 p. in.) Having accepted the resignation of Colonel Chase, the command of the forces at - Pensacola will devolve on you until otherwise provided. Colonel Chase will turn over all orders from me to him relative to the operations at Pensacola to you. Respectfully, M. S. PERRY. Colonel FORNEY Page 216 216 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. I. In pursuance of the above dispatch the undersigned assumes com- mand of the forces in this district. 11. The commanding officer of the navy yard, the officer in charge of the depot of provisiOns at Pensacola, the officer in command at Fort McRee, the assistant quartermaster-general in charge of provisions and military stores for the Alabama troops will issue none of the stores in their charge except by authority of the undersigned. III. The commanding officers of the separate detachments of troops in this district will make the reports and returns to these headquarters as required by the regulations of 1857 for the U. S. Army, addressing S. II. Dent, acting assistant adjutant-general. JOHN II. FORNEY, Colonel, Acting Assistant Adjutant, Commanding Forces. Captain FARRAND, Commandant Navy Yard. Letter from Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Wyandotte, to commandant navy yard, Pensacola, transmitting letter from Cajptain ~)Hara, commanding Port ]JlicRee. U. S. S. WYANDOTTE, March 2, 1861. Sin: I forward to you a copy of a note I received from Captain Ollara, of Fort MciRee, indicating that there may be some difficulty in my passages to and from the squadron anchored off the entrance to the harbor. I wrote a note to Captain Ollara this morning, suggesting that there may have been some misapprehension between the authority of the Army and Navy Departments. I therefore think it suitable to refer the matter to you, in order that you may inform me of the position I occupy. I am sure you understand my perfect determination not to do any- thing to offend the feelings of the assembled forces near this locality. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. II. BEnnylviAN, Lieutenant, Commanding the Wyandotte. Captain E. FARRAND, Navy Yard, Warrington, Fla. [Enclosure.] FORT MCREE, March 1, 1861. Sin: With great respect allow me to suggest to you that in the present very critical attitude of affairs it is not exactly the thing (especially for a Virginian) to be moving up and down, and in a very exceptional manner, with respect to this fortress. I ask you, sir, not again, if you please, to pass this fort (either in or out) as you did this morning and this evening, without an explanation. I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, THEODORE 0HAR~, Captain, Assistant Adjutant, Commanding Fort Meltee. Captain BERRYMAN Commander Steamer Wyandotte Page 217 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. 217 Letter from Captain Randolph, C. S. Navy, to commandant navy yar~9, Pensacola, requesting information regarding condition of the steame~- Pulton. MONTGOMERY, ALA., ]Jlarch 12, 1861. SIR: The Secretary of the Navy of the Confederate States directs me to get from you a statement of the present condition of the steamer Fulton, now hauled up on the ways in the Warrington navy yard. He wishes you to consult with the master mechanics and report to him with as little delay as possible her state of forwardness, how much planking is necessary to be done, whether or not she has been length- ened, and, iii short, everything relating to her repairs and outfit; also the probable time it would take, with the materials and force at hand, to prepare her for launching. You will please address your answer immediately to Hon. Mr. Mal- lory, and not through myself; as I shall probably be on my return to Pensacola ere your reply arrives. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, V. M. RANDOLPH, Captain. Commander E. FARRAND, Navy Yard, Warrington Fla. Extract from instructions of the War Department of the Coi~federate States to Brigadier- General Bragg, C. S. Army, regarding extent of command. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, WAR DEPARTMENT, Montgomery, March 14, 1861. * * * * * * * In assigning you to the command of the forces at and near Pensa- cola and Fort Pickens it was intended by the Government that the navy yard, and all things connected therewith,was to be included, and you are therefore to be governed accordingly. You will please convey this information to Captain Farrand as the orders of the Government. * * * * * * * I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. flEAS, Acting Adjutant- General. Brigadier-General BRAXTON BRAGG, Commanding, etc., Fort Barrancas, Pla. Official: ROBT. C. WooD, Jr., Assistant Adjutant- General. Report of Acting Master Carpenter Hoodless, regarding progress of work on steamer Fulton. NAvY YARD, WARRINOTON, March 16, 1861. SIR: I have the pleasure to submit to you the estimated cost of labor and material to complete steamer Fulton, now on the ways in this yard, and also her present condition Page 218 218 OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Her frame is up, according to the plans; six strakes of wales are ou and fastened; her port sills are in; all of her old work insideclamps, deck frames, and ceilingis cutout; her old boiler keelsons and some of her old bilge strakes are just in; her spar-deck frame and orlop deck are ready to be put in; the old planks on her bottoni are on, although from exposure to the weather some of them should be taken off. The masts and yards are almost completed; two of her boats are completed and the remainder are in frame; her gun carriages have been altered and are now used for other purposes. INew carriages for the guns should be made. With facilities at hand she can be launched by 1st June, and be got ready for sea by first August next. Very respectfnlly, your obedient servant, JOHN ilooBLEss, Acting Master Carpenter. Commander E. FARRAND, Commanding Navy Yard, Warrington. [Telegram.] NEW ORLEANS, May 28, 1861. The governor wishes you to insure the bar being blocked. If you can induce some deep ships such as Lamsons to go on the bar, do so. if he will not go on the bar at Pass ~ lOutre, induce him to go to South West Pass. The governor does not wish the channel kept open. THOS. 0. MOORE. Captains ANDIREWS and WHITMORE. [Telegram.] NEw ORLEANS, May 28, 1861. Governor has since directed us to tow any foreign ships around to South West Pass, and tow them out as soon as possible before we attempt to block the bar. Proceed with dispatch. STANTON & Co. CAPTAINS OF BEEBE AND WHITMORE Page 219 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. JANUARY 1 TO MAY 13, 1861. Cooperation of the Navy in the attempts to relieve Fort Sumter, S. C. [Telegram.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, December 31, 1860. Fill up Brooklyn with provisions, water, and coal. Answer if under- stood. I. TOUCEY, Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Secretary of the Navy. Commandant Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. [Telegram.*] NORFOLK, January 2, 1861. Six thousand and sixty-five [understood]. C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. [Telegram.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 3, 1861. Give Brooklyn her full complement of ordnance and ordnance stores and send her to Hampton Roads to await future orders of Department. Answer if understood. I. TO,.UCEY, Commodore CHARLES ~. MCCAULEY, Secretary of the Navy. Commandant Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. [Telegram.*] (Received at Washington January 4, 1861, from Norfolk.) Six thousand and sixty-five [understood]. C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Telegraphic cipher code. 21 Page 220 220 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Barron, U. S. Navy, transmitting orders for Captain Walker, U. S. Navy, commanding U.S. S. Brooklyn, to proceed to Charleston, S. C. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 7, 1861. SIR: Herewith you will receive a confidential dispatch for Captain W. S. Walker, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, now at Hampton Roads, with which you will proceed immediately to Old Point Comfort and deliver to that officer. After having done this you will return to Washington and report yourself to the Department. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOmmY. Captain SAMUEL BARRON, U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 7, 1861. SIR: On the 5th instant a detachment of troops was ordered to be sent by the steamer Star of the West from Governors Island, N. Y., to reenforce Fort Sumter. A telegram was sent from the Headquarters of the Army at Washington the same day countermanding that order and directing them to proceed to Old Point Comfort. This was not, however, received before their departure from New York for Fort Sumter. Immediately upon the receipt of this you will proceed with the Brook- lyn with all speed to the bar off Charleston Harbor, and if the reenforce- ment shall not have landed at Fort Sumter, deliver the accompanying letter to the commanding officer of the detachment, and render such aid and assistance as may be required by the Star of the West. After doing this, or if the troops on your arrival have landed, you will return immediately to Hampton Roads. It is not considered expedient that you should attempt to cross the bar with the Brooklyn. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY. Captain W. S. WALKER, Commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, Hampton Roads, Va. [Subenclosure.] HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, January 7,1861. SIR: This communication is sent through the commander of the U. S. steam sloop of war Brooklyn. His mission is twofold: First, to afford aid and succor in case your ship be shattered or injured; second, to convey this order of recall for your detachment in case it can not land at Fort Sumter, to proceed to Fort Monroe, Hampton Roads, and there await further orders. In case of your return to Hampton Roads send a telegr.aphic message here at once from Norfolk. Yours, very respectfully, W. SCOTT. COMMANDING OFFICER DETACHMENT U. S. ARMY, On board Steamship Star of the West, Supiiosed to be near Charleston, S. C. P. S.On arrival at Fort Monroe land your troops and discharge the ship. W. SCOTT Page 221 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 221 Report of commandant navy yard, Norfolk, of the departure of U. S. S. Brooklyn. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Gosport [Norfolk], January 9, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that the 15. S. S. Brooklyn left this yard to.day at 11 oclock a. m. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, & cretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Captain Walker, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Brooklyn, of the return of that vessel to Hampton Roads without entering Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. U. S. STEAM SLOOP BROOKLYN Hampton Roads, January 15, 1861. SIR: In obedience to your order of the 7th instant, received on the 9th, we left Norfolk at 11:20 a. m. of that day, and arrived oft Charleston Harbor on the morning of the 12th instant. At 9:30 a. m. (12th) we spoke the schooner Edith~ of Harwich, Mass., from Charleston, boundtoNew York. She reported that the steamer Star of the West had attempted to enter the harbor on the 10th instant, but being fired into she put to sea again; also that five vessels were sunk the day before our arrival to obstruct the passages over the bar to the harbor; that the Charles- ton lights were put out; that pilots are forbidden from going on board armed vessels~ and that batteries were planted all along the shore. Considering this information reliable, and not deeming it necessary to send over the bar a boat, which might have invited a shot from the numerous batteries that lined the shores, we put about for this port, which we reached on Monday evening, the 14th instant. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. S. WALKER, Captain. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Elias H. Derby, esq., of Boston, to the Secretary of the Navy, s~iggesting means for the relief of Fort Sumter. 46 COURT STREET, Boston, Mass., January 16, 1861. SIR: Although I have not the honor of your personal acquaintance, I venture to make a suggestion which will, I believe, if adopted, pro- tect the gallant Anderson and the honor of our country without the effusion of blood, all objects most important to the nation. The idea is derived from actual experiments npon mail-clad steamers abroad, which have led to the construction of such vessels for the navies of France and England, and can easily be put in execution. My plan is to purchase at once in New York a common propeller of 400 tons burden from those used for the conveyance of heavy freight, and drawing when laden 8 or 10 feet of water. I would then protect her from end to end by a coat of mail composed of two sheets of boile Page 222 222 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. iron of five-eighths of an inch in thickness and the sheets 3 inches apart, reaching from the deck downward on each side to a depth of 3 feet below the water level, or to an entire depth of 5 feet from the deck. She would then be impervious to balls fired from 32-pounders at a dis- tance of a quarter of a mile, and passing, as she might, the batteries of Fort Moultrie and Morris Island at a distance of more than half a mile, could pass them in perfect safety. The coating of iron proposed would weigh less than 100 tons, and the steamer laden with 200 troops and stores for six months could deliver her cargo under the walls of Fort Sumter uninjured. Such a propeller can, I doubt not, be pur- chased in New York for less than $30,000, could be armed with ten or twelve cannon, and by working relays of men night and day could, by the energy of New York mechanics, be coated with iron at a cost of $30,000 more, and sent to sea in less than three weeks, and, having a light draft of water, could enter the harbor of Charleston without regard to removal of buoys and light-houses. She could also go to the entrance of the port under the convoy of the Brooklyn, sloop of war. Being low in the water, it would be very difficult to hit her with a Paixhans gun from Fort Moultrie, and if hit from a distance would doubtless resist the shock. When I say that this ironclad steamer would be impervious to common balls I do not speak without book, and would refer you to an able article ou ironclad ships of war in the last December number of Blackwoods Magazine. By referring to the note at the foot of page 645, New York edition, you will see it stated that by actual experiment sixteen balls out of seventeen fired from 32-pounders at a distance of 450 yards at butts of sheet iron of but five- eighths of an inch in thickness were shivered into a cloud of langrage by passing through a single sheet of iron. The inference from this fact is irresistiblethat a second sheet would have stopped the fragments; afortiori two sheets and the ships side in addition must be impervious to balls fired at more than double the distance from the batteries at Charleston. You undoubtedly noticed that one of the balls fired at the Star of the West actually recoiled from the plank of the ships side. Although unknown to you, I have the honor to know nearly all the Senators and Representatives from this State, with Judge Collamer, of Vermont, Mr. Fessenden, of Maine, and have corresponded with General Dix, of the Cabinet, and write with the more boldness as I have for many years 8 been in the direction of railways and steamers. Jhavethehonortobe,veryrespectfully, ELIAS llivsKET DERBY, Late Director of Western, Fitchburg, and Old Colony 1?ailroads and Boston and Bangor Steamboat Company. Hon. IsAAC TOUCEY, Secretary of the Nary. P. S.As an additional precaution, not involving any delay or very serious expense, I would suggest that the iron plates might be sepa- rated by coils of half-inch boiler iron in sheets 20 iuches long by 2 or 3 inches wide, wound around each bolt, and that the bolts be placed at distances of 6 inches apart, have a washer of 4 inches square around them and the interstices filled by water cement or other cheap material. I am satisfied that this addition would nearly treble the strength of the armor and make it impervious to balls from Paixhans guns at the dis- tance of half a mile, but would add to the weight. I entertain little doubt from the result of English experiments that we shall soon protec Page 223 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 223 the granite walls of our forts by coats of iron mail that will not splinter. Large quantities of boiler iron are usually on hand in New York, and are punched by mechanism. I take the liberty to address this letter in triplicate to his Excellency the President, Secretary Toucey, and General Scott, as the suggestion may present itself differently to different minds, and is doubtless sus- ceptible of improvement. The Government alone can carry it out. [E.H.D.] Letter from OK V. Fox, esq., to Lieutenant.General Scott, U. S. Army, transmitting written proposition regarding relief of Fort Sumter. [WASHINGTON, D. C.,] February 8, 1861. SIR: The proposition which I had the honor to submit to you fully in person is herewith presented in writing. Lieutenant Hall and myself have had several free conferences, and if he is permitted by the South Carolina authorities to reenter Fort Sumter Major Anderson will com- prehend the plan for his relief. I consider myself very fortunate in having proposed a project which meets the approval of the General in Chief, and I ask no reward but the entire conduct of the part, exclu- sive of the armed vessels. The commander of these should be ordered to cooperate with me by affording protection and destroying their naval preparations near the bar,leaving to me, as the author of the plan, the actual operations of relief. I suggest that the Pawnee be immediately sent to the Delaware Breakwater to await orders, the Harriet Lane to be ready for sea, and some arrangement entered into by which the requisite steamer and tugs should be engaged, at least so far as not to excite snspicion. I should prefer one of the Collins steamers. They are now being prepared for sea, and are of such a size and power as to be able fearlessly to run down any vessels which might attempt to cap- ture us outside by coup de main. I could quietly engage one and have her ready to start on twenty-four hours notice, without exciting suspi- cion. I shall leave for New York at 3 p. in., and any communication previous will find me at Judge Blairs. If the Pawnees pivot gun is landed it should certainly be remounted. Very respectfully, etc., G. V. Fox. Lieutenant-General WINFIELD SCOTT, U. S. Army, [Washington, D. 0.] [Enclosure.] ST. GERMAIN HOTEL, New York, February 6, 1861. Since the repulse of the steamer Star of the West at Charleston it may be assumed that all the channels over the bar are obstructed but as the bar is more than 4 miles in length the spaces between these chan. nels are too extensive to be closed; therefore at high water and smooth sea the harbor is perfectly accessible to vessels drawing, say, 7 feet of water. The United States have no steamers of this draft. The skill- ful officers at Charleston, a ware of this fact, will conclude that relief must go in at high water in boats or light-draft steamers, incapable of bearing a very offensive armament. They will be perfectly prepared for such attempts by arming and heavily manning all the steamers they possess, at the critical moment will throw themselves alongside of th Page 224 224 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. relief vessels, and just jeopardize the movement by the very detention of the conflict. To elude their vigilance or attempt a stratagem, how- ever ingenious, I consider too liable to failure. I propose to put the troops ou board of a large, comfortable sea steamer and hire two pow- erful light-draft New York tugboats, having the necessary stores on board; these to be convoyed by the U. S. S. Pawnee, now at Philadel- phia, and the revenue cutter Ha. net Lane. (The Pawnee is the only available steam vessel of war north of the Gulf of Mexico, draws 12 feet of water, and has seven heavy guns. As a steamer she seems to be a failure, but may be got ready for this emergency; at least, she is, unfortunately our only resource.) The Harriet Lane I understand to be an excellent and efficient vessel, but either of these steamers alone may be liable to capture by an overwhelming force. Arriving off the bar, I propose to examine by day the naval prepa- rations and obstructions. If their vessels determine to oppose our entrance (and a feint or flag of truce would ascertain this) the armed ships must approach the bar and destroy or drive them on shore. Major Anderson would do the same upon any vessel within the range of his guns, and would also prevent any naval succor being sent down from the city. Having dispersed this force, the only obstacles are the forts on Cummings Point and Fort Moultrie, and whatever adjacent batteries they may have erected distaimt on either hand from mid-channel about three-quarters of a mile. At night, two hours before high water, with half the force on board of each tug within relieving distance of each other, I should run in to Fort Sumter. [0-. Y. Fox.] Letter from G. V. Fox, esq., to Hon. Montgomery Blair, regarding proposed plan for relief of Fort Sumter. NEW YORK, February 23, 18G1. M~ DEAR BLAIR: Mr. Blunt received a telegram from General Scott a few days since which he thought indicated an adjournment ot my plan; but I put the construction upon it that another was substi- tuted for mine, and I feel certain it must be boats. To corroborate this the New York Times, of February 21, says: Government has determined to relieve Fort Sumter by boats at night.~~ I consider this plan possible, and the alternative of mine, but inferior at every step. The distance from Fort Sumter to outside is 5 milesan hours pull. From this point the open ocean, winter season, and at night, say 200 men (requiring for six months 546 barrels of provisions) are to be put into boats and rowed over a very dangerous bar, and subjected for half an hour to a fire of grape from sixty guns. Besides, if a single tug (they have four) eludes Major Andersons vigilance she would run in amongst these boats with perfect impunity to herself and utter destruc- tion to them. I have ffiade two cruises on the coast of Africa, where the passing of bars by boats, unless very light and in broad daylight, was considered the most dangerous duty we were subjected to, fatal accidents being common in the smoothest weather. Moreover, this plan has been spoken of publicly in connection with the U. S. ship Brooklyn, and from this fact is probably made a special study by the Charlestonians. I simply propose three tugs, convoyed by light draft men-of-war. These tugs are seaboats, 6 feet draft, speed 14 knots. The boilers are below, with ~k feet space on each side, to be filled with coal. The machinery comes up between the wheelhouses, with a gangway o Page 225 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 225 either hand of 5 to 6 feet, enabling us to pack the machinery with two or three thicknesses of bales of cotton or hay. This renders the vulner- able parts of the steamer proof against grape and fragments of shells, bnt the momentum of a solid shot would probably move the whole mass and disable the engine. The men are below, entirely protected from grape; provisions on deck. The first tug to lead in empty, to open their fire. The other two to follow, with the force divided and towing the large iron boats of the Baltic, which would hold the whole force should every tug be disabled, and empty they would not impede the tugs. When such men as George W. Blunt, Charles H. Marshall, and Russell Sturgis, all seamen, give my plan the preference it must have merit. At Kinburn,in the Black Sea) eight gunboats passed in the night forts mounting eight guns; only one boat hit. The next day, in broad daylight, the Cracker (English) came out under their deliber- ate fire distance 900 yards. The T7ladimar (Russian steamer at Sebas- topol) was under fire at various distances during the whole war, but her motion prevented her being disabled. How few of Dahlgrens shots hit the target with all the elements of success he is capable of producing! I am sure I could convince the authorities of the prefer- ence that is due to this plan if I could argue the plan instead of write it. Sincerely, yours, G. V. Fox. Letter from G. V. Fox, esq., to Hon. Montgomery Blair, relating to the reenforcement of Fort Sumter. NEW YoRK, March 1, 1861. DEAR BLAIR: I just met Russell Sturgis, who has charge of most of the towboats in the harbor, and he informs me that the Charleston authorities have opened negotiations here for the purchase of two tugs, alAd that the two proposed are two of the three I have selected, being the only three really fit for the work in the whole city. I thought it best to give you this information at once, as the probability of reen- forcing Fort Sumter except by landing and capturing their forts will be lessened with such fine boats as I have described in their possession. Captain Sturgis has put these boats in order, notwithstanding my plan has the go-by, for we all feel 1 hat a severe discussion must bring it up again. I met a Navy officer to-day who has just received a letter from Hart- stene. He is a captain in the South Carolina navy, with the same pay as a United States captain, and has charge of the coast deienses. He thinks he has prevented an attack upon Sumter so far, but says it will soon be done and will be a very sanguinary affair. Paul Hamilton, esq., commands the floating battery now launched. They have four tugs, which do not amount to much compared to one of these powerful New York ones. I wrote you last Sunday in frill. Write me as soon as anything definite is done. Yours, G. V. Fox. [P. S.]Direct your letters care of A. H. Lowery, 77 Nassau street, and I get them in the morning; otherwise not until p. m. I trust you and the general will give me a hand in this business. He seems most favorably disposed toward me. N W RVOL 4i Page 226 226 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from Commander Goldsborough, U. S. Navy, to the Secretary of the Navy, offering his services for the reenforcement of Fort Sumter. MOUNT HOLLY, N. J., March 10, 1861. SIR: Should it be the intention of the Government to reenforce Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, S. C., permit me to propose the employment of one or more suitable propellers, cased outside and inboard with bales of cotton. Two or three vessels properly fitted in this way could, I think, reach Fort Sumter without being materially injured. I should be happy to command an expedition for that purpose, and am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, JOHN It. GoLDsBoROuGH, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, of the arrival in that port of U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, March 14, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the U. S. S. Powhatan, Captain Mercer, arrived in this harbor yesterday afternoon. The ship still lies in the North River, taking out her powder, and will come to the yard to-morrow morning, to which, in any event, she would have to come for the purpose of coaling. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW II. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Plan of D. N. Smith, esq., for the reenforcement of Fort Sumter. BOSTON, March 18, 1861. DEAR SIR: The following plan for reenforcing Fort Sumter occurred to me a few weeks since, which I think is practicable, which is, to take a steamer with its machinery below deck and lash to each side of it a vessel of the same size filled with wood or oak timber, with perhaps an occasional layer of boiler plate, which would render it ball proof, and one at the bows and stern, and lay two or three layers of plate over the deckbe protected by a barricade of timber. The vessels, being of light draft, could be towed to the fort in spite of cannon shot or shell. I have mentioned this to a number of gentlemen here, who think it could be done. If you think it worth while you can communicate it to the War Department. Yours, respectfully, D. N. SMITH, 13 Water Street, Boston. Mr. WILSON Page 227 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 227 Letter from Lieutenant.General Scott, U. S. Army, to (*, V. Fox, esq., requesting him to visit Fort Sumter. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, March 19, 1861. iDEAR SIR: In accordance with the request contained in a note from the Secretary of War to me, of which I annex a copy, I request that you will have the goodness to proceed to Charleston, S. C., and obtain permission, if necessary, to visit Fort Sumter, in order to enable you to comply with the wish expressed in the Secretarys note. Please, on your return, to report accordingly. I remain, with high consideration, your most obedient servant, WINFLELD SCOTT. G. V. Fox, E sq. [Enclosure.] WAR DEPARTMENT, March 19, 1861. IDEAR SIR: The President requires accurate information in regard to the command of Major Anderson in Fort Sumter, and wishes a com- petent person sent for that purpose. You will therefore direct some suitable person to proceed there immediately, and report the result of the information obtained by him. I am, sir, very respectfully, SIMON CAMERON, Lieutenant.General WINFIELD SCOTT. Secretary of War. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Mercer, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 28, 1861. SIR: The Department has decided to put the Powhatan out of com- mission. You will therefore pay off and discharge such of her crew as have less than a year to serve, giving them the ordinary discharge. The remainder you will transfer to the receiving ship North Carolina. The marines you will transfer to the barracks, and then turn over the Powhatan to the commandant of the yard. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, Captain SAMUEL MERCER, GIDEON WELLES. Commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, New York. Order from the President of the United States to the Secretary of the Navy, regarding coopera. tion with the War Department for active service. EXECUTIVE M& NSION, March 29, 1861. SIR: I desire that an expedition, to move by sea, be got ready to sail as early as the 6th of April next, the whole according to memorandum attached; and that you cooperate with the Secretary of War for that object. Your obedient servant, A. LINCOLN. Hon. SECRETARY NAVY Page 228 228 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [Memorandum.] Navy Department. The Pocahontas at Norfolk, Pawnee at Washington, and revenue cut- ter Harriet Lane at New York, to be ready for sea with one months stores. Three hundred seamen to be ready for leaving the receiving ship at New York. War Department. Two hundred men at New York. ready to leave garrison. One years stores to be put in a portable form. Private orders of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, for the preparation of the U. S. S. Harriet Lane. Private.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 30, 1861. Sin: You will be pleased to have in readiness for sea service, on or before the 6th of April next, the U. S. revenue cutter Harriet Lane, transferred from the Treasury to the Navy Department, with one months stores. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore SAMUEL [L.] BREESE, Navy Yard, New York. Private orders of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Washington, for prep- aration of U. S. S. Pawnee. Private.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 30, 1861. Sin: You will be pleased to have in readiness for sea service, on or before the 6th of April next, the steamer Pawnee, with one months stores. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore F. BUCHANAN, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C. Private orders of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, for prepara- tion of U. S. S. Pocahontas. Private.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 30, 1861. SIR: You will be pleased to have in readiness for sea service, on or before the 6th of April next, the steamer Pocahontas, with one months stores. I am, sir, respectfuly, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Norfolk, Ya Page 229 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 229 [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 1, 1861. Fit out Powhatan to go to sea at earliest possible moment. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. COMMANDANT NAVY YARD, Brooklyn, N. Y. [Telegram.] BROOKLYN, April 1, 1861. The Powhatan, after landing her stores, went out of commission at 2 oclock. Crew on board the North Carolina. Officers mostly left with their leave of absence. I shall, agreeable to the last orders, refit the Powhatan with quickest dispatch. As there will be but few men left riot wanted for the Powhatan, I shall not send the men to Norfolk in the chartered steamer, but remain ready to send them in the Harriet Lane, if so ordered. A. II. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Telegram.] WASHING-TON, April 1,1861. The Department revokes its orders for the detachment of the officers of the Powhatan and the transfer and discharge of her crew. Hold her in readiness for sea service. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. Order from the commandant navy yard, Washington, D. C., to Commander Rowan, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, to prepare that vessel for sea. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Washington, April 1, 1861. SIR: Be pleased to have the steam sioop Pawnee, under your com- mand, ready to proceed to sea by the 6th instant, with one months stores, and telegraph to the officers on leave to be on board at that time. Respectfully, etc., F. BUCHANAN. Commander S. C. HOWAN, Commanding U. S. S. Pawnee Page 230 230 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLATTIC COAST. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 2, 1861. Notify the officers of the Pouhatan who are on leave of absence to return immediately. You were informed on yesterday of the revoca- tion of the detachment of the officers of that ship. GIDEON WELLES, & cretary Navy. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. [Telegram.] BROOKLYN, April 2, 1861. Dispatch received. Detachments were delivered at 2 yesterday afternoon. Officers have not left their addresses. Two or three whose residence we know have been directed to return. Will write by mail. Storeship Release ready for sea. Lieutenant not reported. Shall she go to sea without him ~ A. II. FOOTE. Hon. GIDEON WELLES. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding recall of officers to the U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 2, 1861. SIR: Your telegram of this date, directing me to notify the officers of the Powhatan who are on leave of absence to return immediately, has been received. Captain Mercer delivered the leaves of absence to the officers yester. day at 2 p. in., and they left the yard without leaving at this office their places of residence. When officers are permanently detached from a vessel, as they were supposed to be in this case, it is not the practice for them to leave their place of residence at this office, but always with the Navy Department; and I presume, therefore, that by this time they have reported accordingly, and will be reordered by the Department. I shall, as far as I know the addresses of the officers, recall them by this mail; but this number is few; in fact, I only know the residence of Lieutenant Thompson for a certainty. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servaj~t, ANDREW II. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, & eretary of the Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding revocation of orders in the case of U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 2, 1861. SIR: I send you a copy of a telegram which I sent from the telegraph office at 8 oclock last evening in reply to orders by telegraph from the Department revoking the orders for putting the Powhatan out of com- mission. These orders were received at 7 p. in., while the previou Page 231 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 231 order to lay up the ship and discharge her crew had been executed at 2 p. m. so far as to transfer the crew to the North Carolina and to give Captain Mercer the leaves of absence for the officers. Captain Mercer, with two engineers and three forward officers, had not left the city when the countermanding order came, and Captain Mercer, by my request, ordered the officers to remain, which will greatly facilitate our getting the ship ready for sea. With the exception of making some changes and giving a new pivot gun carriage to the fore- castle gun, etc., we shall, by the greatest efforts, strive to have the ship ready in four days, although it would require as many weeks to put the vessel in a high state of efficiency. The four days are specified with the understanding that the officers will report to-morrow or next day, and especially the paymaster in place of paymasters clerk. Captain Mercer will go on board as soon as a sufficient number of officers report to take care of the crew and ship; two lieutenants and one paymaster are deficient even when the remaining four lieutenants rejoin the steamer. The deficient forward officer is a sailmaker. In consequence of the order to put the Powhatan out of commission being countermanded,Jam unable to execute the previous order of the Department to send the draft of 300 men to Norfolk in the chartered steamer and Harriet Lane, as we now have no more men than will be required for the Powhatan, which will be fully explained by Paymaster Etting on his return to Washington. I am not in receipt of any letters or instructions from your office to-day, although two of yesterdays date from the bureaus were received this morning. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW H. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES Secretary of the Navy. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 3, 1861. The Secretary of the Navy desires that all dispatch be made in pre- paring the Powhatan for sea. Recall officers by telegraph. HOBART F. BERRIEN, Commander FOOTE, Chief Clerk. Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regardingthe recall of officers to U. S. S. Powhatan. NAvY YARD, NEW YORK, April 3,1861. SIR: I have the honor to report to the Department that the following- named officers have been directed by telegraph and letter to rejoin the Powhatan forthwith, viz: Lieutenant W. W. Queen, Philadelphia; Lieutenant George Brown, Washington; Lieutenant Thomas C. Harris, Philadelphia; First Assist- ant Engineer James F. Lamdin, Baltimore~ Fi W. J. Lamdin, Baltimore; Second , rst Assistant Engineer Assistant Engineer John Purdy, Washington; Second Assistant Engineer Jackson McElmell, Philade Page 232 232 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. phia; Third Assistant Engineer H. C. Mellvaine, Philadelphia; Third Assistant Engineer H. C. Mellvaine (duplicate), Reading, Pa.; Lieu- tenant Marines James Wiley, Philadelphia; Lieutenant Marines James Wiley (duplicate), Washington; Saihuaker Jacob Stephens, Phila- delphia. The following officers are present for duty, viz: Captain Samuel Mercer, Lieutenant EgbertThompson, Surgeon Joseph Wilson, Passed Assistant Surgeon James Laws, Chief Engineer Har- man Newell, Third Assista~nt Engineer W. H. Glading, Third Assistant Engineer Elijah Laws, Boatswain Francis McLoud, Gunner Bernard Duycker. 1 have directed Lieutenants Thomas S. Phelps and John Downes (the latter by telegraph), also Lieutenant Watson Smith and Carpenter Chick to report to me for duty on board the Powhatan. The ship will in all probability drop down to the North River on Friday to take in her powder, and I have every reason to believe that she will be ready to sail on Saturday. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. H. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. 3 p. m.Telegram just received. All possible dispatch, night and day, being made to get Powhatan off the yard on Friday. A. II. F., Pro Commandant. Letter from Secretary of War to G. V. Fox, esq., assigning him to command expedition for the relief of Fort Sumter. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 4, 1861. SIR: It having been determined to succor Fort Sumter, you have been selected for this important duty. Accordingly, you will take charge of the transports provided in New York, having the troops and supplies on board, to the entrance of Charleston Harbor, and endeavor, in the first instance, to deliver the subsistence. If you are opposed in this you are directed to report the fact to the senior naval officer off the harbor, who will be instructed by the Secretary of the Navy to use his entire force to open a passage, when you will, if possible, effect an entrance and place both the troops and supplies in Fort Sumter. 1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War Captain G. V. Fox, Washington, D. C. Instructions from Lieutenant-General Scott, U. S. Army, to Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, U. S - Army, regarding expedition for reenforcement of Fort Sumter. Confidential.] HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, D. C., April 4, 1861. SIR: This letter will be handed to you by Captaiu U. V. Fox, ex-offi- cer of the Navy, and a gentleman of high standing, as well as possesse Page 233 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 233 of extraordinary nautical ability. He is charged by high authority here with the command of an expedition (under cover of certain ships of war) whose object is to reenforce Fort Sumter. To embark with Captain Fox, you will cause a detachment of recruits, say about 200, to be immediately organized at Fort Columbus, with a competent number of officers, arms, ammunition, and subsistence. A large surplus of the latterindeed, as great as the vessels of the expe- dition will takewith other necessaries, will l~e needed for the aug- mented garrison of Fort Sumter. The subsistence and other supplies should be assorted like tliose which were provided by you and Captain Ward, of the Navy, for a former expedition. Consult Captain Fox and Major Eaton on the subject, and give all necessary orders in my name to fit out the expe- dition, except that the hiring of vessels will be left to others. Some fuel must be shipped. Oil, artillery, implements, fuses, cordage, slow matches, mechanical levers, and gins, etc., should also be put on board. Consult also, if necessary (confidentially), Colonel Tompkins and Major Thornton. Respectfully, yours, WIIIFIELD SCOTT. Lieutenant-Colonel H. L. SCOTT, Aid-de- Camp, etc. [Telegram.] NEW YORK, April 4, 1861. Officers of the Powhatan want two months advance on their mess; furniture was given away and new outfit necessary. They are other- wise in debt. Captain wants four midshipmen ordered to Powhatan. Lieutenant Erben just reported. Release will sail at 2 this afternoon. A. H. FOOTE. Hon. G. WELLES. [Endorsement.] Advance authorized and commandant informed April 4, 1861. Order from Adjutant-General Thomas, U. S. Army, to Colonel Tompkins, U. S. Army, to charter vessels. ADJUTANT-GENERALS OFFICE War Department, Wednesday, April 4, 1861. SIR: By direction of the War Department you will charter such ves- sels as Captain G. V. Fox, the bearer of this, may designate, for such times and with such supplies as he may indicate. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. THOMAS, Adjutant- Ceneral. Colonel D. D. TOMPKINS, Assistant Quartermaster. aeneral, New York, N. Y Page 234 234 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding preparations for expedition to Fort Sumter. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 4, 1861. SIR: Captain Meigs has called on me with a letter,* showing his authority from the Government to have certain preparations made and things placed on board of vessels soon to go to sea, about which you are familiar; but as the orders do not come direct, I make this report; but as no time is to be lost, I am preparing what is called for, and report my action. I have the honor to be, in great haste, your obedient servant, A. II. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Rowan, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, to proceed with that vessel to Norfolk navy yard. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 4, 1861. SIR: You will proceed immediately with the U. S. steam sloop Pawnee to the navy yard at Norfolk, for the purpose of receiving a months sup- ply of provisions. The commandant of the yard there will be directed to have them ready to be put on board immediately on her arrival. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commander S. C. ROWAN, Commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, Washington. [Telegram.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 5, 1861. The Secretary of the Navy desires that all dispatch be made in pre- paring the Powhatan for sea. Recall officers by telegraph. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander A. II. FOOTE, Navy Yard, Brooklyn. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding the withdrawal of three vessels from his command. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 5, 1861. SIR.: The steamers Powhatan, Captain Samuel Mercer; Pawnee, Com- mander S. C. Rowan, and Pocahontas, Commander J. P. Gillis, have been withdrawn temporarily from your command for special service. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Gommanding Home Squadron, Norfolk, Pa. * Refers to the expedition for the relief of Fort Pickens; see p. 107 Page 235 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 235 Confidential instructions from the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Mercer, U. S. Navy, commanding U. 8, 5. Powhatan, regarding expedition to Fort Sumter. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 5, 1861. SIR: The U. S. steamers Powhatan, Pawvee, Pocahontas, and Harriet Lane will compose a naval force, under your command, to he sent to the vicinity of Charleston, S. C., for the purpose of aiding in carrying out the objects of an expedition of which the War Department has charge. The primary object of the expedition is to provision Fort Sumter, for which purpose the War Department will furnish the necessary trans- ports. Should the authorities at Charleston permit the fort to be sup- plied, no further particular service will be required of the force under your command, and after being satisfied that supplies have been received at the fort the Powhatan, Pocahontas, and Harriet Lane will return to New York and the Pawnee to Washington. Should the authorities at Charleston, however, refuse to permit or attempt to prevent the vessel or vessels having supplies on board from entering the harbor or from peaceably proceeding to Fort Sumter, you will protect the transports or boats of the expedition in the object of their mission, disposing of your force in such manner as to open the way for their ingress, and afford, so far as practicable, security to the men and boats, and repelling by force, if necessary, all obstructions toward provisioning the fort and reenforcing it; for in case of resistance to the peaceable primary object of the expedition a reenforcement of the garrison will also be attempted. These purposes will be under the supervision of the War Department, which has charge of the expedition. The expedition has been intrusted to Captain G. V. Fox, with whom you will put yourself in communica- tion, and cooperate with him to accomplish and carry into effect its object. You will leave New York with the Powhatan in time to be off Charles- ton bar, 10 miles distant from and due east of the light-house, on the morning of the 11th instant, there to await the arrival of the transport or transports with troops and stores. The Pawnee and Pocahontas will be ordered to join you there at the time mentioned, and also the liar- net Lane, which latter vessel has been placed under the control of this Department for this service. On the termination of the expedition, whether it be peaceable or otherwise, the several vessels under your command will return to the respective ports, as above directed, unless some unforeseen circumstances should prevent. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Captain SAMUEL MERUER, Secretary Navy. Commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Rowan, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, to report for special service off Charleston, S. C. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 5, 1861. SIR: After the Pawnee shall have been provisioned at Norfolk you will proceed with her to sea and on the morning of the 11th instant appear off Charleston bar, 10 miles distant from and due east of th Page 236 236 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. light-house, where you will report to Captain Samuel Mercer, of the Powhatan, for special service. Should he not be there, you will await his arrival. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander S. C. ROWAN, Commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, Norfolk. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Gillis, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas, to report for special service off Charleston, S. C. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 5, 1861. SIR: You will proceed to sea with the Pocahontas and on the morn- ing of the 111th instant appear off Charleston bar, 10 miles distant from and due east of the light-house, where you will report to Captain Samuel Mercer, of the Powhatan, for special service. Should he not be there, you will await his arrival. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander J. P. GILLIS, Commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Faunce, U. S. Revenue Marine, commanding U. S. S. Harriet Lane, to report for special service off Charleston. S. C. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 5, 1861. SIR: The revenue steamer Harriet Lane having been temporarily placed under the orders of this Department, you will proceed with her from New York in time to appear off Charleston bar, 10 miles distant from and due east of the light-house, on the morning of the 11th instant, where you will report to Captain Samuel Mercer, of the Pow. hatan, for special service. Should he not be there, you will await his arrival. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain FAUNCE, Commanding U. S. Revenue Steamer Harriet Lane, New York. ~Te1egram.] NEW YoRR, April 5, 1861. I am executing orders * received from the Government through the Navy officer as well as from the Army officer. Will write fully if pos- sible to-day, certainly to-morrow. I hope the Powhatan will sail this evening. A. II. FOOTE, For Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of Navy. Refers to expedition for relief of Fort Pickens; see p. 107 Page 237 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 237 [Telegram.] BROOKLYN, April 5,1861. Powhatan ready for sea and will drop down off the Battery at day- light and wait your orders. Lieutenant Queen has reported and Lieu- tenant Downs is relieved. Lieutenant Smith is the only lieutenant of the Powhatan you have not specially ordered. A. II. FOOTE. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, i~ecretary Navy. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 5,1861. Delay the Powhatan for further instructions. GIDEON WELLES, & cretary Navy. Commander A. H. FOOTE, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York. NAVY DEPARTiVIENT, April 5, 1861. SIR: Should Lieutenant W. W. Queen not report for duty on board the Powhatan by the 7th instant, you will order one of the lieutenants of the receiving ship North Carolina to take his place. Inform the Department of your action under this order. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. [Telegram.] NEW YORK, April 6, 1861. The Powhatan sailed at 2:45 this afternoon, just before Mr. Sewards telegrarn* reached me for Captain Porter. I have ordered a lieutenant to go after her in a steamer unless she is out of sight; she goes direct to sea; Captain Porter is aboard. I handed Captain Mercer your orders of yesterday; also a telegram, this afternoon, signed by Mr. Hobart [Berrien]; bnt Captains Meigs, Porter, and Mercer, after a consultation, concluded to have Porter go in Powha tan. A. H. FOOTE, For (ommandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES & cretary Navy, Willards. eSeep. 112 Page 238 238 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding change of command of U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, Arril 6, 1861. SIR: Your orders of the 5th were received by Captain Mercer to-day. Captain Meigs, Lieutenant Porter, and Captain Mercer, after consulta- tion, concluded that Lieutenant Porter should go out in the Powhatan, as the arrangements were vital to success; at least so I was informed, not being present at the consultation. A few minutes before the Pow- hatan sailed I delivered a telegram to Captain Mercer, signed H. Ber- rien, saying that Paymaster (?ulick will deliver a dispatch to me this evening. But at 2:30 oclock the Powhatan sailed; at 3 oclock, when the Powhatan was out of sight, I received a dispatch directed to Lieu- tenant Porter from Mr. Seward, telling him to proceed without the Powhatan, as directed in the dispatch to Captain Meigs. I have sent to New York a lieutenant, with orders to charter a steamer and chase the Powhatan, unless there is no hope of overtaking her. It is time to close the mail, and I will write fully by next mail. I have the honor to be, A. II. FOOTE, For Commandant. [Hon. GIDEON WELLES, AS~ecretary of the Navy.] Captain Mercer leaves the Powhatan at Staten Island. I am informed that Captain Meigs has sailed this afternoon. A. H. F. Additional report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding change of command of U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, Arril 6, 1861. SIR: I hastily informed the Department by mail to-day of the cir- cumstances under which the Powhatan sailed with Lieutenant Porter on board, Captain Mercer taking the ship down as far as Staten Island, with the view of there handing her over to Lieutenant Porter; also that I had given Captain Mercer the telegram received from the Department, informing us that Purser Gulick would arrive this evening with a dis- patch. I had previously handed Captain Mercer a sealed letter from the Department, addressed to him, which was this morning received. I further stated that Captains Meigs, Porter, and Mei~er had held a consultation in reference to the orders and the service in question. Before the Powhatan sailed Captain Mercer handed me a paper stating the following: Captain Mercer has turned the command of the Powhatan over to Lieutenant D. D. Porter by order~ of the President, and she has gone to sea. Captain Mercer intends to give Captain Faunce (of the Harriet Lane) a copy of his instructions from the Navy Department and direct him to report to the senior naval officer he may meet with off Charleston, giving him the copy of instructions, which Captain Mercer will certify as a correct copy. Captain Faunce will be directed to proceed under his order from the Department dated April 5, off Charleston bar, unless Captain Faunce receives counter orders from the Department. Captains Meigs, Porter, and Mercer, after consultation, determined upon this course. *Seep 109 Page 239 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 239 Captain Mercer will probably be in Yew York this evening and explain himself more fully to the iDepartment. I also referred to having sent Lientenaut Roe, of the Ordnance Depart- ment, to procure a steamer and, if possible, over haul the Powhatan and give Captain Porter the dispatch sent him by Hon. Mr. Seward, but I fear that the Powhatan had then proceeded too far to be overhauled; Lieutenant Roe has not yet returned. I will on Monday send a correct list of officers of the Powhatan. By the urgent request and assurance of authority on the part of Lieuten- ant Porter, as the four masters mates could not be shipped in time I permitted him to take seven lieutenantsau extra one. The two lieu- tenants ordered without express authority of the Department were Lieutenant Perry and Lieutenant Smith, of Philadelphia. I had heard that the first had been ordered by the Department, and as he wished to go, as well as from the entreaties of Mrs. Lavinia Perry, and espe- cially as Lieutenant Porter wanted the number, I ordered him, while Lieutenant Smith had before been ordered to till up the complement, and was named in a list presented to me by Lieutenant Porter. The marine officer, Lieutenant Broome, went out in the ship, and Mr. Heap, from Washington, as acting paymaster, as Lieutenant Porter informed Captain Mercer and myself on or by authority of the Government. Ii have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. H. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Additional report of commandant navy yard, New Y?rk, regarding change of command of U. S. S. Fowliatan, and transmitting enclosure. NAVY YARD, YEW YORK, April 6, 1~616 p. m. SIR: By great exertions, highly commendable, Lieutenant Roe over- hauled the Powhatan, and I send Lieutenant Commanding Porters rea- sons, as assigned in the enclosed note, for proceeding with the ship. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, A. H. FOOTE. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosure.] SATURDAY [April 6, 18G1]5 p. m. SIR: The dispatch intrusted to me for Lieutenant Porter has been delivered into his hands. The Powhatan was below quarantine and underway for the Narrows when I reached her. Lieutenant Porter desired me to express his regrets to you that the dispatch came to his hands so late, and that it was too late to change his plans, inasmuch as the Atlantic had already gone to sea. Respectfully, your obedient servant, F. A. ROE, Lieutenant. Captain A. H. FOOTE, Commanding Navy Yard, Brooklyn [New York] Page 240 240 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [Telegram.] NEW YORK, April 6, 1861. Lieutenant Roe overhauled the Powhatan and gave the telegram of Mr. Seward to Lieutenant Commanding Porter, who said that one steamer had sailed and it was too late. Captain Mercer had left the Powhatan. I will write to-morrow. A. II. FOOTE, For Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy, Willards. Report of commandant navy yard, Washington, of the departure from that yard of U. S. S. Pawnee. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Washington, April 6, 1861. SiR: I have to report for the information of the Department that the U. S. S. Paw nec, Commander Rowan commanding, left this yard this morning for Norfolk, Ya., in obedience to its order of the 4th instant. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANKN. BUCHANAN, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding officering of the U. S. S. Powhatan. NAVY YARD, NEW YoRK, April 8, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 5th instant, directing me to order one of the lieutenants of the receiving ship North Carolina on board the Powhatan provided Lieutenant Queen did not report for duty by the 7th instant, has been received. In reply I respectfully inform the Department that the Powhatan sailed on the 6th instant at 2:45 p. m. with Lieutenant Queen on board, who had reported on the 5th instant. I had detailed a lieuten- ant from the receiving ship to go out in the Puuhatan in case the com- plement of her lieutenants should not be filled when that vessel sailed. I had likewise ordered one of the yard and one of the Coast Survey lieutenants, as well as Lieutenant Downes, from Boston, and Lieuten- ant Watson Smith, from Philadelphia, to be ready to sail in that ves- sel; but as will be seen by the accompanying list of officers, Lieuten- ants Perry and Smith of this number only went out in the Powhatan. The reasons for ordering Lieutenant Perry have already been explained. As stated in a former communication, these gentlemen were ordered by request of Lieutenant Porter, who showed his authority for selecting officers and informed me that the Department understood and would approve it all. I acted in this matter after consulting with Captain Mercer. I also directed Third Assistant Engineer F. II. Fletcher, on tempo- rary duty at this yard, to take the place of Third Assistant Enginee Page 241 i5PERATIO{S ON THE ATLANTIC COASV. 241 Olading, who, although having been refused permission to go to Phila- delphia by Captain Mercer, still did go, and was absent when the Pow- hatan sailed. The enclosed statement of Captain Mercer will more fully explain the case of Third Assistant Engineer Glading. Paymaster Gulick reported on the evening of the 6th instant after the Powhatan had sailed. The Harriet Lane sailed at 9 oclock this morning. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ANDREW H. FOOTE, Pro Commandant. [Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy.] P. S.There are but few persons who are yet aware of Lieutenant Porters going out in the Powhatan. A. II. F. Report of the commandant navy yard, Norfolk, Va., of the arrival of U. S. S. Pawnee at that yard. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Gosport [Norfolk], April 8, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that the U. S. S. Pawnee arrived at this station yesterday morning. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from I. 3. ~axter, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, presenting plan for the relief of Fort Sumter. PEEKSKILL, N. Y., April 9, 1861. DEAR SIR: Enclosed please find plan of throwing supplies into Fort Sumter, which I respectfully submit to your examination. Yours, for the Union, I. J. J3AXTER. Hon. GIDEON WELLES. [Enclosure.] PEEKSKILL, April 9, 1861. The following represeuts a powerful propeller, with log floats on each side long enough to protect the entire length of vessel, with bridges slightly arched, to span across fore and abaft; the floats covered with bags of sand, say 3 feet thick, and high enough to protect the sides of vessel. The following plan, if properly constructed, can throw supplies into Fort Sumter in defiance of all their batteries. Most respectfully submitted. Yours, truly, I. J. BAXTER. N W RVOL 41 Page 242 242 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST Page 243 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 243 Report of Commander Rowan, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, of the departure of that vessel for sea. U. S. STEAM SLOOP PAWNEE, Off Cape Henry, April 10, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I am at sea, in obedience to orders dated the 5th instant. I was prepared to leave at daylight yesterday morning, but was delayed by a very heavy easterly gale that has been blowing since Sunday last. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. C. ROWAN, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Commander Gillis, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas, of the departure of that vessel for sea. U. S. S. POCAHONTAS, At Sea, off Capes of Virginia, April 10, 1861. SIR: Having been detained by thick weather and heavy gales from southward and eastward, I have the honor to report to you our depar- ture, in obedience to yonr order received yesterday and dated 5th instant. Will exert all diligence and dispatch. Herewith I forward a list of officers and crew attached to this vessel. I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, J. P. GILLIS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of the Navy, Washington City, D. C. Report of Commander Gillis, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas, of the arrival of that vessel off Charleston, S. C. U. S. S. POCAHONTAS, Off Charleston, S. C., April 14, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of this vessel at the anchorage designated in your order of the 5th instant t which I acknowledged off the capes of Virginia. he receipt of The weather continued unpropitious. We reached here on the 13th and found at anchor the Pawnee, Harriet Lane, and Baltic. I went immediately on board the former, and arrangements were made to send provisions and some men to the relief of Fort Sumter after dark of same day. The conflagration of the quarters in Fort Sumter was observed, when, in order tc save time, I reqiliested Commander IRowan to dispatch an officer to communicate to the commanding officers of the batteries on shore, expressing our desire to take off the heroic and patriotic Major Anderson and his command if they had survived the conflagration in Fort Sumter. The officer returned with a reply from the batteries that an answer would be sent this morning to Cummings Point, opposite Sumter. Iwas prepared to go up in our boats to receive itwhen one of the Charleston steamers came down with Lieutenant Snyder, of Fort Sumter Page 244 244 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. on board, who brought me a message from Major Anderson and the fact of their highly honorable terms in evacuating the fort. Major Anderson desired to know what means of transportation we could give him. I placed at his disposal all we had, and proceeded to Fort Sumter to offer it in person. lie leaves to-day for New York in the Baltic, should she have accommodation for himself and command. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. P. Giua~is. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. P. 5.Will you please excuse the haste with which I write~ The different vessels will leave to-day for the ports designated in your orders to Captain Mercer, U S. Navy, 5th instant. The Powhatan has not been here. Report of G. V. Fox, esq., to the Secretary of War, regarding expedition under his command for the relief of Fort Sumter. STEAMER BALTIC, New York, April 19, 1861. SIR: I sailed from New York in this vessel Tuesday morning, the 10th [9th] instant, having dispatched one steam tug, the Uncle Ben, the evening previous to rendezvous off Charleston. The Yankee, another chartered tug, followed us to the Hook, and I left instructions to send on the Freeborn. We arrived off Charleston the 12th instant at 3 a. in., and found only the Harriet Lane. Weather during the whole time a gale. At 7 a. m. the Pawnec arrived, and, according to his orders, Captain Howan anchored 12 miles east of the light to await the arrival of the Pow- hatan. I stood in with the Baltic to execute my orders by offering, in the first place, to carry provisions to Fort Sumter. Nearing the bar, it was observed that war had commenced, and therefore the peaceful offer of provisions was void. The Pawnee and [Harriet Lane immediately anchored close to the bar, notwithstanding the heavy sea, and though neither tugs nor Powhatan nor Pocahontas had arrived, it was believed a couple of boats of provisions might be got in. The attempt was to be made in the morning, because the heavy sea and absence of the Powhatan~s gunboats [boats] crippled the night movement. All night and the morning of the 13th instant it blew strong, with a heavy sea. The Baltic stood off i~nd on, looking for the Powhatan, and in running in during the thick weather struck on Rattlesnake Shoal, but soon got off. The heavy sea, and not having the sailors (300) asked for, rendered any attempt from the Baltic absurd. I only felt anxious to get in a few days provisions to last the fort until the Powhatans arrival. The Pawnee and [Harriet] Lane were both short of men, and were only intended to afford a base of operations while the tugs and 300 sailors fought their way in. However, the Powhatan and tugs not coming, Captain IRowan seized an ice schooner and offered her to me, which I accepted, and Lieutenant Hudson, of the Army, several Navy officers, and plenty of volunteers agreed to man the vessel and go in with me the night of the 13th. The events of that day, so glorious to Major Anderson and his com- mand, are known to you. As I anticipated, the guns from Sumter dis- persed their naval preparations excepting small guard boats, so tha Page 245 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 245 with the Poihatan a reenforceirent would have been easy. The G-ov- eminent did not anticipate that the fort was so badly constructed as the event has shown. I learned on the 13th instant that the Powhatan was withdrawn from duty off Charleston on the 7th instant; yet I was permitted to sail on the 9th, the Pawnee on the 9th, and Pocahontas on the 10th, without intimation that the main portion, the fighting portion, of our expedition was taken away. In justice to itself, as well as an acknowledgment of my earnest efforts, I trust the Government has sufficient reasons for putting me in the position they have placed me. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, G. Y. Fox. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War, Washington. The Baltic has been chartered for one month. Extracts from report of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, regarding the expedition of April, 1861, under his command, for the relief of Fort Sumter. NAVY I~EPARTMENT, February 24, 1865. SIR: * * * The expedition organized for the purpose of taking supplies to Major Andersons starving garrison in Fort Sumter in 1861 has been referred to in the hope of throwing ridicule upon it and upon me. It is incomprehensible how the attempt to relieve that heroic band on any plan could provoke a sneer; nor does the shaft strike me. It falls upon the President, under whose sanction I acted. It was a patri- otic attempt by him to sustain the national flag, and as such was responded to by the heart of the nation. Nothing has more endeared him to the people than his conduct on that occasion. My part in it was very humble; but as everything connected with the subject is of interest and importance I subjoin a brief narrative of facts falling within my knowledge, to serve as materials for the vindication of the President. Memorandum of facts concerning the attempt to send supplies to Fort Sumter in 1861. January .~i, 1861, while in New York, I heard that a steamer belong. ing to M. 0. Roberts was about to leave to carry supplies to the garri- son of Fort Sumter. When an officer in the Navy I had commanded one of the United States mail steamers belonging to the~ line of which Mr. Roberts was president, and therefore I believed it possible for me to obtain command of the vessel designated to take supplies and troops to that fort. Upon visiting the office of the company in West street I found that Captain McGowan had been appointed to the command, and that the steamer was ready for sea. After this steamer (named the Star of the West) had returned from her voyage, having been turned back by the rebel batteries of Morris Island on the 9th of January, I called upon my friend, George W. Blunt, esq., of New York, and expressed to him my views as to the possibility of relieving the garri- son and the dishonor which would be justly merited by the Government unless immediate measnres were taken to fulfill this sacred duty. Mr. Blunt asked me to explain my plan to him, which I did as follows: Prom the outer edge of the Charleston bar in a straight line to Sumter through the Swash Channel the distance is 4 miles, with no shoal spot Page 246 246 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. having less than 9 feet at high water. The batteries on Morris and Sullivans islands are about 2,600 yards apart, and between these troops and supplies must pass. I proposed to anchor three small men-of-war off the entrance to the Swash Channel as a safe base of operations against any naval attack from the enemy, the soldiers and provisions to be carried to the Charleston bar in the Collins steamer Baltic, all the provisions and munitions to be pnt np in portable packages easily handled by one man, the Baltic to carry 300 extra sailors and a suffi- cient number of armed lannches to land all the troops at Fort Sumter in one night. Three steam tugs of not more than 6 feet draft of water, such as are employed for towing purposes, were to form part of the expedition to be used for carrying in the troops and provisions in case the weather shonld be too rough for boats. With the exception of the men-of-war and tugs, the whole expedition was to be complete on board the steamer Baltic, and its success depended upon the possibility of inuning past batteries at night, which were distant from the center of the channel 1,300 yards. I depended upon the barbette guns of Sumter to keep the channel between Morris and Sullivans islands clear of rebel vessels at the time of entering. Mr. Blunt and myself discussed the plan over a chart, and he com- municated it to Charles H. Marshall and iRussell Sturgis, and they all approved it; and Mr. Marshall agreed to furnish and provision the ves- sels without exciting suspicion. February 4 Mr. Blunt came to my hotel with a telegram from Lieu- tenant-General Scott, requesting my attendance at Washington. I left the next day and breakfasted with the general the 6th instant. At 11 a. m. I met at his office, by arrangement, Lieutenant [Norman J.] Hall, who had been sent from Sumter by Major Anderson. In the generals presence we discussed the question of relieving Fort Sumter. Lieu- tenant Halls plan was to go in with a steamer protected by a vessel on each side loaded with hay. 1 objected to it for the following reasons: First, a steamer could not carry vessels lashed alongside in rough water, and, second, in running up the channel she would be bows on to Fort Moultrie, and presenting a large fixed mark, without protection ahead, would certainly be disabled. Lieutenant-General Scott approved my plan, and on the 7th of February introduced inc to Mr. Holt, the Secretary of War, to whom I explained the project and offered my services to conduct the party to the fort. Mr. Holt agreed to present the matter to President Buchanan that evening. The next day, the 8th of February, news was received of the election of Jefferson l)avis by the Montgomery convention. I called upon General Scott and he intimated to me that probably no effort would be made to relieve Fort Sumter. He seemed much disappointed and astonished. I therefore returned to New York on the 9th of February. On the 12th of March I received a telegram from Postmaster-General Blair to come to Washington, and I arrived there on the 13th. Mr. Blair hav- ing been acquainted with the proposition I presented to General Scott under Mr. Buchanans Administration, sent for me to tender the same to Mr. Lincoln, informing me that Lieutenant-General Scott had advised the President that the fort could not be relieved and must be given up. Mr. Blair took inc at once to the White House, and I explained the plan to the President; thence we adjourned to Lieutenant-General Scotts office, where a renewed discussion of the subject took place. The gen- eral informed the President that my plan was practicable in February, but that the increased number of batteries erected at the mouth of the harbor since that time rendered it impossible in March Page 247 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 247 Finding that there was great opposition to any attempt at relieving Fort Sumter, and that Mr. Blair alone sustained the President in his policy of refusing to yield, I judged that my arguments in favor of the practicability of sending in supplies would be strengthened by a visit to Charleston and the fort. The President readily agreed to my visit if the Secretary of War and General Scott raised no objections. Both of these gentlemen consenting, I left Washington on the 19th of March, and passing through Richmond and Wilmington reached Charleston the 21st. I traveled the latter part of the way with Mr. Holmes, of California, formerly a member of Congress from South Carolina in the days of Calhoun. At Florence station we met Mr. Keitt, a member of Congress from South Carolina when that State attempted to secede. He welcomed Mr. Holmes very warmly and enqnired with great anxiety whether Sumter was to be given up. Mr. Holmes said, Yes; I know it,~ which seemed to give Mr. Keitt much satisfaction; but he insisted upon knowing his authority. Mr. Holmes said, I have the highest authority for what I say, and upon Mr. Keitt again asking Who ~ he leaned toward him, and at that moment the engine whistle gave a screech for starting, so that the conversation closed and I lost the name. At a station near Charleston Mr. Huger, formerly postmaster under President Buchanan, got into the cars and had an interview with Mr. Holmes, during which the same assnrances were repeated relative to the certainty of the evacuation of Fort Sumter. Mr. Huger seemed much depressed with the condition of affairs. At Charleston I sought an interview with Captain Hartstene, formerly of the U. S. Navy, and to him I stated my desire to visit Major Anderson. Not finding General Beauregard, he introduced me to Governor Pickens, to whom I showed the order under which I acted. After considerable delay he directed Captain Hartstene to take me to Fort Sumter, and while the boat was preparing I had an interview with General Beau- regard. We reached Fort Sumter after dark and remained about two hours. Major Anderson seemed to think it was too late to relieve the fort by any other means than by landing an army on Morris Island. He agreed with General Scott that an entrance from the sea was impos- sible; but as we looked out upon the water from the parapet it seemed very feasible, more especially as we heard the oars of a boat near the fort, which the sentry hailed, but we could not see her through the darkness until she almost touched the landing. I found the garrison getting short of supplies, and it was agreed that I might report that the 15th of April at noon would be the period beyond which he could not hold the fort unless supplies were furnished. I made no arrange- ments with Major Anderson for reenforcing or supplyimfg the fort, nor did I inform him of my plan. Upon my return I had the honor to be called frequently before the President and in the presence of different members of his Cabinet to answer the objections presented by Lieutenant-General Scott and the military authorities; but as my project simply involved passing bat- teries with steamers or boats at night at right angles to their line of fire and 1,300 yards distant, a feat of which the Crimean War furnished many safe examples, I maintained the proposition and suggested that it was a naval plan and should be decided by naval officers. The President asked me if there was any naval officer of high authority in Washington who would sustain me, and if so to bring him to the White House. 1 knew that Commodore Striugham was at that time filling the position of detailing officer in the Navy Department and I took hi Page 248 248 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. to the President, where in the presence of Lieutenant-General Scott he not only confirmed my views, but said that he had that morning held a conversation ~ ith Commodore Stewart, who declared that Fort Sumter could easily be reenforced and provisioned with boats at night. As valnable time was being lost by discussions which form no part of this narrative, I represented that so important an expeditioii required time for its preparation and that I ought to be allowed to take the preparatory steps if there was any possibility of sending it out. On the 30th of March the President sent me to New York with ver- bal instructions to prepare for the voyage, but to make no binding engagements. After consultation with George W. Blunt, esq., who throughout had been of great assistance to me with his advice and active cooperation, I met by previous arrangement Messrs. William II. Aspinwall and Charles II. Marshall, for the purpose of making with them preliminary arrangements for the voyage. Mr. Marshall declined to aid me upon the ground that the attempt to relieve Fort Sumter would kill the pro- posed loan and bring on civil war, and that the people had made up their minds to abandon Sumter and make the stand upon Fort Pickens. On the 2d of April I had not received the written authority which I expected from the Government; therefore I retnrned to Washington. Delays which belong to the secret history of this period prevented a decision until the afternoon of the 4th of April, when the President sent for me and said that he had decided to let the expedition go, and that a messenger from himself would be sent to the authorities of Charleston before I could possibly get there, to notify them that no troops wonld be thrown into Sumter if provisions were allowed peace- fully to be sent tq, the garrison. I mentioned to the President that by the time I should arrive at New York I would have but nine days in which to charter and provision the vessels and reach the destined point, 632 miles distant. He answered that I should best fulfill my duty to my country to make the attempt. The Secretary of the Navy had in commission in the Atlantic waters of the United States only the Pow hatan, the Pocahontas, and Pawnee; all these he placed at my disposal, as well as the rev- enue steamer flarriet Lane, and directed me to give all the necessary orders. The Powhatan, which had recently returned and gone out of commission, was added to the force I designated, to enable me to have her fine boats and crew for landing the supplies. I suggested to the Secretary of the Navy to place Commodore Stringham in command of the naval force, but upon consulting with that distinguished officer he considered it to be too late to be successful, and likely toinin the repu- tation of the officer who undertook it then. I arrived at New York on the 3th of April, engaged the steamer Baltic of Mr. Aspinwall, who used every possible exertion to get her ready for sea, and delivered confidential orders, embracing all my wants, to Colonel H. L. Scott, aid to the General in Chief, and Colonel D. D. Tompkins, quartermaster. Colonel Scott ridiculed the idea of Government relieving Fort Sum- ter, and by his indifference and delay half a day of precious time was lost. The recruits that he finally furnished to me were totally unfit to be thrown into a fort likely to be attacked by the rebels. I placed the hiring of three tugs in the hands of Russell Sturgis, who labored very energetically; but he found great difficulty in obtaining from the owners tugs to go to sea. Finally three were promised, a Page 249 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 249 exorbitant rates, viz, the Yankee, which I fitted to throw hot water, the Uncle Ben, and the Freeborn. The question of supplies introduced me to Major Eaton, of the Commi.ssary Department, who thanked God that an attempt was to be made to relieve Major Andersons command, and from the energetic and enthusiastic cooperation of this officer the expedition was immediately provisioned for all contingencies. The frigate Powhatan, Captain Merccr, sailed on the 6th of April, 1861; the Pawnee, Commander Rowan, on the 9th; the Pocahontas, Cap- tain Gillis, on the 10th; the Harriet Lane, Captain Faunce, on the 8th; the tug Uncle Ben on the 7th; the tug Yankee on the 8th, and the Bal(tc, Captain Fletcher, dropped down to Sandy Hook on the evening of the 8th and went to sea at 8 a. m. of the 9th. The officers of the Army who accompanied the military force were First Lieutenant E. McK. Hudson, Second Lieutenant Robert 0. Tyler, and First Lieutenant C. W. Thomas. Soon after leaving Sandy Hook a heavy gale of wind set in, which continued during the whole passage. At 3 a. m. of the 12th we reached the rendezvous off Charleston and communicated with the Harriet Lane, the only vessel which had arrived; at 6 a. m. the Pawnee was seen standing in. I boarded her and informed her commander of my orders to offer to send in provisions, and asked him to stand in to the bar with me. He replied that his orders required him to remain 10 miles east of the light and await the Powhatan, and that he was not going in there to inaugurate civil war. I then stood iu toward the bar, followed by the Harriet Lane, Captain Faunce, who cheerfully accom- pained me. As we neared the land heavy guns were heard and the smoke and shells from the batteries which had just opened fire upon Sumter were distinctly visjble. I immediately stood out to inform Cap. tam Rowan, of the Pawnee, but met him coming in. He hailed me and asked for a pilot, declaring his intention of standing in to the harbor and sharing the fate of his brethren of the Army. I went on board and informed him that I would answer for it that the Government did not expect any such gallant sacrifice, having settled maturely upon the policy indicated in the instructions to Captain Mercer and myself. No other naval vessels arrived during this day, but the steamer Nashville, from New York, and a number of merchant vessels reached the bar and awaited the result of the bombardment, giving indications to those inside of a large naval fleet off the harbor. The weather continued a very bad, with a heavy sea. Neither the Pawnee nor Harriet Lane had boats or men to carry in supplies. Feeling sure that the Powhatan would arrive~. during the night, as she had sailed from New York two days before us, I stood out to the appointed rendezvous and made signals all night. The morning of the 13th was ~iick and foggy, with a very heavy ground swell. The Baltic, feeling I. ~r way in, ran ashore on Rattlesnake Shoal, but soon got off without damage. On account of the very heavy swell, she was obliged to anchor in deep water several miles outside the Pawnee and Harriet Lane. Lieutenant Robert 0. Tyler, an officer of very great zeal and fidelity, though suffering from seasickness, as were most of the recruits, organ- ized a boats crew and exercised them, notwithstanding the heavy sea, for the purpose of having at least one boat, in the absence of the Powkatans, to reach Fort Sumter. At 8 a. m. I took this boat, and in company with Lieutenant Hudson pulled in to the Pawnee. As we approached that vessel a great volume of black smoke issued from Fort Sumter, through which the flash of Major Andersons guns still replie Page 250 250 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTiC COAST. to the rebel fire. The quarters of the fort were on fire, and most of our military and naval officers believed the smoke to proceed from an attempt to smoke out the garrison with fire rafts. As it was the opin- ion of the officers that no boats with any load in them could have reached Sumter in this heavy sea, and no tugboats had arrived, it was proposed to capture a schooner near us loaded with ice, which was done, and preparations at once commenced to fit her out and load her for entering the harbor the following night. I now learned for the first time that Captain iRowan had received a note from Captain Mercer, of the Powhatan, dated at New York the 6th, the day he sailed, stating that the Powhatan was detached by orders of superior authority from the duty to which she was assigned off Charleston, and had sailed for another destination. I left New York two days afterwards without any intimation of this change. At 2 p. m. the Pocahontas arrived, and at 2:30 the flag of Sumter was shot away and not again raised. A flag of truce was sent in by Captain Gillis, and arrangements made to place Major Anderson and his command on board the Baltic to return North. The fort was evacuated Sunday, the 14th of April. Monday, the 15th, the steamer Isabel took the garrison outside to the steamer Baltic, which left that evening direct for New York, where she arrived the forenoon of the 18th instant. My plan for supplying Fort Sumter required 300 sailors, a full supply of armed launches, and three tugs. The Powhatan carried the sailors and launches, and when this vessel was about to leave in obedience to the orders of the Secretary of the Navy, two officers, iLieutenant D. D. Porter, U. S. Navy, and Captain M. C. Meigs, U. S. Engineers, presented themselves on board with an order from the President of the United States authorizing the former to take any vessel whatever in commission and proceed immediately to the G-ulf of Mexico. This order did not pass through the Navy Depart- ment and was unknown to the Secretary of the Navy, and when signed by the President he was not conscious that his signature would deprive me of the means to accomplish an object which he held to be of vital importance. In a letter from him, which is annexed, he hastened to affirm that the attempt to provision Fort Sumter had advanced the cause of the country. The tug Freeborn was not permitted to leave New York. The tug Uncle Ben was driven into Wilmington by the violence of the gale and subsequently captured by the rebels. The tug Yankee reached Charles- ton bar a few hours after the Baltic had left with Major Andersons command on board. The communications between New York and W~shington having been severed, I applied to Mr. Aspinwall to obtain for me a small steamer, with arms and ammunition, to enable me to reach the Chesa- peake Bay, where I judged that armed steamers were very essential. This gentleman applied to Mr. John Jacob Astor, jr., who very gener- ously gave him a check for $3,000. With this he procured the tug Yankee and persuaded Commodore Breese, commandant of the New York navy yard, to arm and fit her out; and having received from that officer an appointment as acting lieutenant in the Na~ y, I left on the 26th for Hampton Roads, where I reported to Commodore Pendergrast, of the Gumberland. The services of the Yankee not being required at this point, I pro- ceeded to Annapolis and offered my vessel to General Butler, who was aboutopeningcommuiiicatiOns with Washington. The general gratefully received the steamer and sent me through to the capital to report t Page 251 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 251 the President, and immediately afterwards I received an appointment in the Navy Department. Annexed are copies* of orders and letters relating to the narrative which I have submitted. Very respectfully, yours, G. V. Fox, Assistant Secretary ~f the Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Enclo8ure.] WASHINGTON, D. C., May 1, 1861. M~ DEAR SIR: I sincerely regret that the failure of the late attempt to provision Fort Snmter should be the source of any annoyance to you. The practicability of your plan was not, in fact, brought to a test. By reason of a gale, well known in advance to be possible, and not improbable, the tugs, an essential part of the plan, never reached the ground; while, by an accident, for which you were in no wise responsible, and possibly I to some extent was, you were deprived of a war vessel, with her men, which you deemed of great importance to the enterprise. I most cheerfully and truly declare that the failure of the undertak- ing has not lowered you a particle, while the qualities you developed in the effort have greatly heightened you in my estimation. For a dar- ing and dangerous enterprise of a similar character you would to-day be the man, of all my acquaintances, whom I would select. You and I both anticipated that the cause of the country would be advanced by inak- ing the attempt to provision Fort Sumter even if it should fail,and it is no small consolation now to feel that our anticipation is justified by the result. Very truly, your friend, A. LINCOLN. Captain G. V. Fox. Report of Commander Gills, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas, of the evacuation of Fort Sumter. U. S. S. POCAHONTAS, At Sea, April 16, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of this vessel on the 13th instant at the anchorage off Charleston, S. C., designated in your order, the receipt of which I acknowledged off the capes of Virgima. The weather continued unpropitious. I found here the U. S. S. Paw- nec (she arrived on the morning of the 12th), the Harriet Lane, and transport Baltic. I went immediately on board the Pawnee, where I received a copy of your orders to Captain Mercer, certified by him and Commander Foote. Had there been pilots for the channel on board, I would have proceeded up to the assistance of Sumter, or made the attempt to pass the long line of batteries, as the impulse was strong to - ren(ler assistance to the gallant men in Sumter; but without pilots, the buoys and marks being removed, we would probably have grounded. The flagstaff was shot away in Sumter about the time we anchored the Pocahontas; the conflagration of officers quarters [was] observed before we got in, which we then supposed was from their hot-shot furnace. The enclosures mentioned are distributed in their chronological order in the pre- ceding pages.ColurxLnns Page 252 252 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLKNTIC COAST. The proposition of Captains Fox and Hudson was referred to me, and it was concluded an effort should be made to send provisions and some men to Fort Sumter after dark of the 13th the same day on board of a small schooner, accompanied by boats with some of our crew. The fir- ing ceased, and it was concluded to send a boat with a message by an officer to commanding officer of batteries in relation to bringing off Major Anderson and his command if the heroic, gallant band had sur- vived the attack and conflagration in the fort. To save time I reqnested Commander iRowan to dispatch one of the Pawnees boats. The answer to the message was that a reply would be sent in the morning (14th) and delivered at Cummings Point, Morris Island, opposite Fort Sumter. I was prepared to go up in one of the Pocahontass boats to receive it, when one of the Charleston steamers, carrying a flag of truce, was seen approaching our vessels. She came within speaking distance of this vessel, when Captain Hartstene hailed, saying he wished to communi- cate with the commanding officer. I requested him to come on board. He did so, and presented to me Lieutenant Snyder, U. S. Army, of Fort Sumter, who said he had a message from Major Anderson, and imparted the decision of Major Anderson to evacuate the fort, it being no longer tenable. I was rejoiced to learn the patriotic band had survived the many perils they had enconntered. They fought like brave men, long and well and even in their desperate condition no surrender was made, but a highly honorable evacuation. The major desired to be informed what means of transportation we conld give him. I placed at his disposal all the vessels, consisting of the Pocahontas, Pawnee, Harriet Lane, and Baltic. I left the Pocahontas in charge of Lieutenant Nicholson and proceeded to Fort Sumter to offer them in person. Found the fort a complete wreck, the fire not yet all extinguished. Its shattered battlements,~its tottering walls, presented the appearance of an old ruin. Mentioning to Major Anderson the intention to throw supplies and men into the fort after dark, lie replied that it was very providential the attempt had not been made, as it could not have been successfully executed on acconnt of the many guns which could have been brought to bear by the batteries. I remained at Fort Sumter till the little band of patriots had saluted their old flag with a hundred [fifty] gnus and marched out with their tattered ensign to the tune of our own Yankee Doodle. They were taken down to the anchorage by the Charleston steamer, and were made at home on board the Baltic, Captain Fletcher, to di~embark at New York. The several vessels were dispatched same evening (15th instant), as directed in your orders of the 5th. I sent by the Harriet Lane a hasty and not detailed letter to the Department. Commander Rowan, of the Pawnee, received the morning previous to the day we anchored in the Pocahontas (twenty-fonr to thirty hours) the copy of your orders to Captain Mercer. He requested a copy of them, which was given him. I am, respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, JNO. P. GILLIS, Gommander, U. S. Navy, and Senior Officer Of U. S. Naval Force off Charleston, S. C. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 253 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 253 Report of Commander Rowan, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, regarding the evacuation of Fort Sumter. U. S. S. PAWNER, Off Arsenal, Washington, April 19, 1861. Sin: In a communication dated off Cape Henry, April 10,1 informed the Department that this ship was at sea in obedience to an order from the Department dated April 5, and delivered to me April 9 at Norfolk. On the morning of the 12th instant, at 7 oclock, I was off Charles- ton Harbor as near the position assigned me as the badness of the weather would enable me to judge. On approaching the harbor a small paddle-wheel steamer approached, which proved to be the Harriet Lane. A boat was sent from her with a communication addressed to the senior naval officer present, which I opened and found to be a copy of dispatch from the Navy Department, dated April 5, addressed to Captain Samuel Mercer, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan. Captain Fox, of the transport Baltic, came on board and showed his instructions. He informed me that it was his intention to attempt to reach Fort Sumter in boats laden with provisions, and asked for such force as I could give him. I immediately gave the necessary order to have the launch and one of the cutters ready and armed for the pur- pose. In the meantime the Baltic and the Harriet Lane stood in toward the bar; soon, however, the Baltic came out again. On her return Captain Fox reported that the forts and batteries in Charleston were firing on Sumter. Captain Fox repaired on board this ship, after which I got underway and stood in and anchored on the outer edge of the Swash Channel. Fort Moultrie, Cummin gs Point, Fort Johnson, and the sand and floating batteries were all playing on Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter returned the fire in the most spirited manner. Captain Fox left this ship intending to make the attempt to land the provisions early the next morning; made all preparations to protect him. The next morning he grounded on Rattlesnake Shoal, which delayed the expedition till the Ibilowing night. Early the same morning a schooner passed close to us, and suspecting her to belong to Charleston and passing thus near us to see what we were doing, I brought her to anchor after firing three or four shots across her bows. She proved to be the , of Phila- delphia, laden with ice. I at once determined to use her for the pur pose of transferring both men and provisions, and after counseling with Captain Fox he coincided with me in the plan. This arrangement had scarcely been determined upon before a dense smoke issued from the weather side of Fort Sumter; for some time it was thought to be some floating fire craft dropped down against the walls to annoy and prevent the accuracy of Major Andersons fire. In two hours flames appeared above the ramparts on the opposite side of the fort from our position. At noon, or a little later, a body of flames curled far above the ramparts. We then became satisfied that the fort was on fire and feared that the gallant major and his little band would suffer severely. At this time the Pocahontas came in, and her commander, at my request, came on board this ship and joined our council. I related to him all the circumstances and what preparations we had made for the purpose of throwing provisions into the fort, and, delivering the copies of orders I had received, I placed myself under his order as senior officer present. At about 2 oclock the flagstaff on Fort Sumter was shot away, and we witnessed the sad spectacle of the fall of our flag, which we were s Page 254 254 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. impotent to assist. In Fain we looked for its reappearance over the fort; instead of this, the firing from Sumter became more and more weak, and at length ceased entirely. Lieutenant Marcy was immediately after dispatched in a boat with a flag of truce to Cummings Point to ascertain whether Major Anderson had surrendered or not, and to make proposals for bringing him and his officers and men away in our vessels. The answer brought from General Simons, in command at Cummings Point, was that Fort Sum- ter had surrendered and that a reply to the proposition in regard to Major Anderson and his command would be given the next morning at the point where Lieutenant Marcy had already held communication with General Simons. All other communication with the authorities of Charleston was held by Commander Gillis, the senior officer present. On Monday evening, the 15th instant, after assisting to transfer Major Andersons command, with their luggage and stores, on board the Bal- tic, I took my departure for Cape Henry, the Pocahontas and Harriet Lane preceding me. Very respectfally, etc., S. C. ROWAN, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander, U. S. Navy. Secretary of Navy. Abstract log U. S. S. Pawnee, April 919, 1861, Commander S. C. Bowan, commanding. April 9, 1861.At 6:30 p. m. anchored 7 miles from Norfolk. April 10.At 5:40 a. m. steaming down for Hamptou Roads. April 12.At 5 a. m. Cape iRomain light N. N. W. At 7:30 anchored; the revenue steamer Harriet Lane communicated with us. Packet steamer Baltic lying near land in sight. Went to quarters, loaded the guns with shell. Captain G. V. Fox, from the transport Baltic, and Captain Faunce, of the Harriet Lane, came on board; they left the ship and their respective steamers stood in toward Charleston bar. This ship got underway at 11:45 and steamed in toward the bar. The Harriet Lane and Baltic came out toward us and reported that the forts and batteries were firing on Fort Sumter; signals were made to Captains Fox and Faunce to repair on board this ship. From meridiau to 4p. in.: Came to anchor and made preparation to get out boats. Forts on shore still firing. At 7 p. in., heavy squall; batteries on shore firing incessantly on Fort Sumter, to which she replied occa~ionaIly. From 8p. in. to midnight: Fort Johnson firing on Fort Sumter; Fort Sumter silent. April 13.Midnight to 4 a. in.: During the watch a desultory fire kept up by the batteries on Fort Sumter. Four to 8 a. in.: Hoisted out launch and placed the howitzer and the ammunition boxes in her preparatory to sending off an expedition. At 6 a. m. a fore-and-aft schooner beat- ing in attempted to pass ahead of us. Fired shell ahead of her~ she not heaving to, fired another shell when she went about; passed astern of us and appeared still to endeavor to enter the harbor. Fired two more at her when she came to anchor on our starboard beam. Sent a boat to board her; found her to be an American schooner from Boston, loaded with ice. At 8 a. m. a dense black smoke issued from Fort Sum- ter; batteries still keeping up an incessant fire on it. At 1:45 p. in Page 255 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 255 smoke and flames issuing from Fort Sumter. At 2 p. m. firing ceased from fort and batteries. Sent a boat in charge of Lieutenant Marcy with a flag of truce to communicate with the authorities. From 4 to 6 p. in.: Hoisted in the launch. The battery at Gummings Point fired two shots in the direction of the boat with the flag of truce. A large side-wheel steamer in the offing. At close of this watch a steamer is lying alongside Fort Sumter with the secession flag flying. Many boats sailing about Charleston Harbor and a flag of truce flying on the beach off Fort Moultrie. At 7 p. m. the third cutter returned and brought information of the surrender of Fort Sumter by Major Ander- son. This information was given by officers at Gummings Point. April 14.From 4 to 8 a. in.: The steamboat Gatawba came out of Charleston Harbor bearing a flag of truce, communicated with the U. S. S. Pocahontas, took a boat in tow and returned. When near the shore, she hoisted the Palmetto flag. The steamer Nashvilleran in for the harbor and when near hoisted the Palmetto flag. A steamer in sight on thehorizon bearing the so-called Confederate flag. From 8 a. m. tomerid- ian: Appearances of great rejoicing in Charleston Harbor. Smoke still rising from Fort Sumter. At ip. in. observed the American flag flying over Fort Sumter. At 2 a salute of fifty guns was fired and the flag was then hauled down. At 4 p. in., the so-called Confederate flag, sim- ilar to the one flying over Fort Moultrie during the attack on Major Anderson, was hoisted on Fort Sumter amid a general fire from all the forts and batteries. During the firing in honor of what is called the Confederate flag on Fort Sumter, took the bearings of the different batteries on Morris Island and Sullivans Island, several of which had hitherto been unnoticed. North side Sullivans Island: Battery bearing N. Battery bearing N. W. by N. Battery bearing N. W. Battery bearing N. W. ~ W. Cummings Point, W. ~ S. Fort Sumter, W. ~ N. Extreme front of Morris Island: Battery bearing S. W. ~ W. Battery bearing S. W. by W. + W. Battery bearing S. W. by W. ~ W. Battery bearing W. S. W. j W. Battery bearing W. S. W. At 7:30 p. in. came in collision with the Baltic, crushing the gig and doing other damage. The Baltics stern was also considerably damaged. April 15.At 9:30 a. in. got underway and stood in toward Charles- ton bar. At 10, large steamer carrying the American ej~tsign at the fore and what is now called the Confederate flag at her main gaff, and having on board Major Anderson and his command, came out from the harbor of Charleston and steered for the transport steamer Baltic. The Charleston steamer proved to be the Isabel. At 12 m. commenced trans- ferring the officers, men, and luggage from the Isabel to the Baltic, the Pocahont as, this ship, and the Harriet Lane keeping under steam near the Baltic. At 4 p. m. the Isabel returned to Charleston. The stops of the flag which waved over Fort Sumter during the attack were broken, and as it blew out from the main truck of the Baltic it was saluted by the United States steamers and greeted by three times three cheers from the crews of the vessels. At 5:30 took our departure. April 19.At 8:45 a. in. anchored off Giesboro Point [Potomac Riverj Page 256 256 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Captain Faunce, U. S. Revenue Marine, commanding U. S. S. Harriet Lane, of the arrival of that vessel at New York from Charleston, S. C. U. S. S. HARRIET LANE, New York, April 18, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of the above-named ves- sel at this port from Charleston bar after seventy-five hours. , a boisterous passage of We sailed in company with U. s: steamers Pawnee and Pocahontas and the U. S. transport Baltic. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN FAUNCE, Captain. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Confederate reports and correspondence relative to the attempt to relieve Fort Sumter. [Telegram.] WAShINGTON, April 2, 1861. The war wing presses on the President; he vibrates to that side. He has conferred with several officersnaval engineerssupposed to be in regard to Sumter, perhaps to collecting revenues at New Orleans. Commodore Pendergrast is not at Key West, but at Norfolk could not, therefore, land troops. Senator Dixon conversed fully with Chase on Saturday; found him much moderated and strongly inclined to peace policy. Their form of notice to us may be that of the coward, who gives it when he strikes. Watch at all points. It is said the Pawnee sailed from this place this evening with three companies of artillery. MARTIN J. CRAWFORD, A. B. ROMAN, Hon. II. TOOMBS, [C. S. Commissioners.] [Secretary of State of Confederate States.] [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, Arril 3, 1861. Much activity to-day in the War and Navy Departments. It is said the Minnesota, at Boston, has been ordered to the mouth of the Mis- sissippi. Powhatan snddenly put in commission to sail next week. Four companies now here; three artillery, one sappers and miners, ordered to New York. Report says these movements have reference to the San Domingo question. Pawnee will not be ready for sea nutil Saturday. Our intermediary says they dare not deceive him, as they know we dont rely npon them, but upon him. CRAWFORD. ROMAN. FORSYTH. Hen. R. TooMEs Page 257 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 257 [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 4, 1861. It is believed here in high circles that the naval preparations alluded to in our telegram of yesterday are intended against Spain, on account of the Dominican affair. The contemptuous allusions to the United States by European press and people, as a Government in ruins, induces the contemplated demonstration, to show the world that it is still one of the great powers, and that the separation of the Confederate States does not impair its importance. In confirmation we know that a diplomatic note of rather a disagree- able nature has been sent the Spanish minister from the Department of State in reference thereto. Notwithstanding, all this fleet may now or hereafter be ordered to our coast; hence we would say strengthen the defenses at the mouths of the Mississippi. CRAWFORD. ROMAN. FORSYTH. Hon. R. TOoMBS, Montgomery. [Telegram.] MONTGOMERY, April 4, 1861. Youir dispatch of to-day is received. You are mistaken. We are ready. R. TOOMES. Messrs. CRAWFORD, FORSYTH, and ROMAN. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 6, 1861. The movement of troops and preparations on board of vessels of war of which you have already been apprised are continued with the great- est activity. An important move requiring a formidable military and naval force is certainly on foot. The statement that this armament is intended for San Domingo may be a mere ruse. We are, however, most creditably informed that Commodore Striugham, who takes charge of the squadron, sails for San I)omingo. Having no confidence in the Administration, we say be ever on your guard. Glad to hear that you are ready. The notice promised us will come at the last p~oment if th6 fleet be intended for our waters. CRAWFORD. ROMAN. FORSYTH. Hon. R. TooMEs. [Telegram.] SAVANNAH, [April] 5 [1861]. G. B. Lamar telegraphs thus to-day from New York: Mobile, Pensacola, New Orleans, and Savannah. Look to your coast. C. A. L. LAMAR, Hon. R. TOOMBS, Secretary of State, C. S. A. N W HVOL 41 Page 258 258 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 6, 186110:30 p. m. No change in the activity of the warlike armaments mentioned yes- terday. The rumors that they are destined against Pickens and perhaps Sumter are getting every day stronger. We know nothing positive on the subject, but advise equal activity on your part to receive them if they come. We have not yet been notified of the movement, but the notifications may come when they are ready to start. CRAWFORD. FORSYTH. ROMAN. [Telegram.] CHARLESTON, April 7, 1861. (Received at Washington, 10:20 a. in., April 8.) We have so many extraordinary telegrams I would be glad to know from you if it is true that they have determined to reenforce Sumter, and if a naval force is sent to our harbor. Be so good as to answer as soon as convenient, for something js] desired to govern our conduct. F. W. PICKENS. Messrs. CRAWFORD and FORSYTH, Commissioners. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 7, 1861. Events since our last have, in our judgments made it our duty to require an answer to our official note of March 12. We do so to.night with notification that our secretary will call for a reply to-morrow at 2 p. m. We believe that a hostile movement is on foot and part of it sailed against the Confederate States. It may be Sumter and the Mis- sissippi. It is almost certain that [it] is [Fort] Pickens and the Texan frontier. If Sewards reply is not satisfactory we shall consider the gauntlet of war thrown down and close our mission. After 2 p. m. to.morrow will telegraph you. CRAWFORD. ROMAN. FORSYTH. Hon. R. TooiwimS. Extracts from a letter from Judge John A. Campbell. Memorandum.] SUNDAY MORNING, April 7,11861.] The commissioners have been under anxiety and concern for two or three days by reports, that have some appearance of authority, of con- versations of the President relative to Southern affairs, by the unusual movements of troops, and by the sailing of the Atlantic. I have assured them that the Government will not undertake to supply Sumter without giving notice to Governor Piekens, and that I should have notice whenever any measure changing the existin Page 259 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 259 status prejudicially to the Confederate States is contemplated as respects Fort Pickens. I do not experience the same anxiety or con- cern as they express. But if I have said more than I am authorized I pray that you will advise me. As the result of the enquiries made in the foregoing, the information contained in the paper enclosed is given. [JOHN A. CAMPBELL.] [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 8, 1861. Your telegram of to.day and dispatch of 2d received. This Govern- ment politely declines in a written paper to recognize our official char- acter or the power we represent. We shall rejoin and then leave the city, unless otherwise instructed. We believe Fort Pickens and Texas are the first points of military demonstration. FORSYTH. ROMAN. CRAWFORD. Hon. B. TOoMES. [Telegram.] CHARLESTON, April 8, 1861. Special messenger from Lincoln, Mr. Chew, informs us Sumter [is] to be provisioned peaceably; otherwise forcibly. G. T. BEAUREGARD. N. J. CRAWFORD, Confederate Commissioner. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 8 [1861]. The military and naval movements are conducted with extraordinary secrecy. We are assured that you will not be disturbed without notice, and we think [Fort] Sumter is to be evacuated and [Fort] Pickens pro- visioned. We have taken steps to define relations of peace or war with this Government within a few hours. Your patience and noble forbearance will not be much longer put to trial. F~RSYTH. ROMAN. CRAWFORD. Governor F. W. PIOXENS, Charleston. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 10, 1861. The Tribune of to-day declares the main object of the expedition to be the relief of Sumter, and that a force will be landed which will over- come all opposition. ROMAN. FORSYTH. CRAWFORD. General G. T. BEAUREGARD, Charleston, AS~. C Page 260 260 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [Telegram.] WASHINGTON, April 10, 1861. Our mission is closed. We are detained here by the freshet on the roads. We hope to be able to leave to-morrow. The Tribune of to.day declares the main object of the expedition to be the relief of Sumter. ROMAN. CRAWFORD. FORSYTH. Hon. R. Tooiwas. Order of Commander Hartstene, C. S. Navy, to Lieutenant Commanding Dozier, C. S. Navy, for the preparation of C. S. S. Lady Davis. CHARLESTON, S. C., April 5, 1861. SIR: You will prepare the steamer Lady Davis for sea immediately, taking on board as much fuel as possible and ten days provisions. You will also take for ~fromi the receiving vessel three landsmen, Orders will be given you at what hour to start. - Respectfully, etc., II. .~. IIARTSTENE, Commander, C. S. Navy. Lieutenant Commanding W. G. DOZIER, C. S. Navy. Instructions from Commander Hartetene, C. S. Navy, to Lieutenant Commanding Dozier, C. S. Navy, commanding C. S. S. Lady Davis, regarding proposed expedition to prevent reenforce ment of Fort Sumter. STEAMER GORDON, Charleston, April 6, 1861. SIR: The object of the present expedition under my command, con- sisting of the Lady Davis, General Clinch, and Gordon, is to guard the approaches to this harbor from the sea and prevent a reenforcement of Fort Sumter. You will therefore most rigidly obey all orders by signal or otherwise, using the utmost vigilance and giving immediate notice of any vessel or boat approaching. You will take station in Maffitts Channel and keep always within signal distance of this vessel in main ship channel. Economize your fuel, and if necessary to replenish and not able to communicate with me proceed to ~tono and return as soon as possible. If necessary to avoid the enemy, seek shelter under the guns of the nearest battery or run for Stono Inlet, or Bulls Bay, or Charleston, if possible: if compelled to abandon your vessel, set her onfire to prevent her falling into the hands of the enemy. Be particularly cautious at night to guard against the approach or attack from boats, against whom you will find it convenient and useful to use your steam by running them down, having small-arms men ready to repel boarders. Enclosed is a copy of signals to be used. Respectfully, II. ~. HARTSTENE, Commander, C. S. Navy Lieutenant Commanding DOZIER, Steamer Lady Davis. P. S.You will proceed to sea with me to-morrow following my motioiis in line ahead, one cables length ~tsternt of the Clinch, she to be one cables length astern of me, lIT, J, IT Page 261 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 261 Every morning at daylight get underway with me and run as far as Bulls Bay under short steam and cruise to and fro to observe any ves- sels in the bay or offshore for 10 or 15 miles, being certain to return to your station off the Moultrie louse on Sullivans Island and anchor as close as possible on the south side of the channel, from dark to daylight. You will keel) a boat, if the weather is not bad, with two trusty men, moving slowly between the Clinch in the Swash Channel and your ves- sel. Allow no lights (except signals) to be shown.. Be always ready to get underway. Examine all vessels or boats passing in, aud let none pass with an unusual number of men or anything suspicious. Allow nothing to pass in except in daylight. If not certain of a vessels char- acter, follow her in past Sumter, t~eeping her closely observed. Keep a correct log, duly signed; have a lookout forward and aft, besides the officer of the watch. II. J. II. Anchor for to-night so as to be nearly equidistant between Sullivans Island and the inner buoy marked on the chart in North Channel, where the Clinch will be. II. J. II. Enter the following signals in your book: 45, boat; send on board the admiral. 63, chase the stranger, not going out of signal distance. 141, hail, come within. 227, position, take. 257, underway, to get. 64, cruise off, returning before dark. 35, action, join in. 246, send on board signal book. 66, captains, come to admiral. If a suspicious vessel is discovered in a fog, fire one gun; if certain she is an enemy, fire two guns; if requiring assistance, fire three guns, making them tell upon the enemy and blow the steam whistle or ring the bell, or do both. At night. One long whistle, send a boat to admiral. Two long whistles, come within hail. Three long whistles, chase the stranger, not going out of signal distance. If the above signals are followed by ringing of the bell, they are intended for the Clinch. Number your signals from the upper left one. The answering pen- nant is the vertical red and white one. Four long whistles, cruise off the General Clinch. Five long whistles, cruise off the Lady Davis. Six long whistles, l)osition take. Instructions from Commander Hartstene, C S. Navy, to Lieutenant Commanding Dorier, C. 5. Navy, commanding C. S. S. Lady Davis, regarding expedition for the placing of fire rafts off Fort Sumter. STEAMER GORDON, Off iS~umter, April 11, 1861. SIR: You will proceed to Charleston immediately in the Lady Davis, then leave your vessel in charge of your first lieutenant, find out from the quartermasters department (Colonel Thatchers) all about the necessary preparations for the rafts (two), which you will, afte Page 262 262 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. dark, have towed as near as you can get to southwest side of Fort Sumter, anchor them and send the steamer to a safe distance inshore with a supply of wood to replenish the fires on the rafts if they should be extinguished. You must have a good pilot to anchor you in posi- tion; have also a boat and crew. You will wait qaietly on the rafts, which must be so placed and prepared as to burn freely and give the most light on southwest side of Sumter. You will be in position as soon as possible after dark, all prepared, and tire up both as soou as the batteries open on approaching boats or vessels. The object of this expedition is to place your two rafts in such posi- tion as to give the best light on southwest side of Sumter, that the guns may see to fire upon a party disembarking from boats or vessels. This service is very important, and much is left to your good discre- tion. If the fires burn out before daylight, you must replenish and fire up, retreating as before. Respectfully, etc., II. ~ IIARTSTENE. Lieutenant Commanding W. G. DOZIER. Letter from Commander Hartstene, C. S. Navy, to Brigadier-General Beauregard, C. S. Army, stating his purpose to prevent the reenforcement of Fort Sumter. FORT MOULTRIE, S. C., April 13, 1861. GENERAL: Fort Sumter has been set on fire, and as it is very impor- tant (with the vessels outside threatening to enter) to have all experi- ence, I have determined to remain and avoid or prevent a reenforcement. I do not think there are more than three vessels off. Colonel Ripley and myself will endeavor to prevent an entry here to-night. I will, as you said, make myself useful; more so, probably, than I could at any other poinL I shall go out in a rowboat during the night, with signals arranged, and reconnoiter the entrance and give timely notice of any boats approaching. I think the fire hulk inside of Sumter had better not be lighted, as it will probably dim our vision. I have just Tnade out the vessels off. They are the Pawnee, Harriet Lane, Nashville, Atlantic [Baltic], and a merchant schooner. They can not enter in their vessels. With a good lookout (for a lookout stationed here, and a boat off in the channel, together with their fire hulks, which are still floating in a line around Fort Sumter) I think you need have no fear of an entrance here. They are all here and in fine spirits. Ripley is a most valuable officercool, collected, and energetic. He keeps all in spirits and up to their work. I have all the batteries on this island, and give the best directions as I think may be useful, particularly in regard to looking out for and firing at boats or shipping. The guns are all intact and in fine working order. Respectfully, H. J. HARTSTENE. General BEAUREGARD, Charleston, S. C. Letter from Lieutenant Huger, C. S. Navy, commanding batteries, Morris Island, S. C., to Brigadier-General Beaure~rd, C. S. Army, offering his services in driving off the United States vessels. SOUTH END BATTERY, ]liliorris island, S. C., April 15, 1861. GENERAL: These vessels of the enemy which are causing us some anxiety, and, at any rate, treating us with great disrespect, I would lik Page 263 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 263 to have the pleasure of driving off from our port; and, if we can not succeed in that, at least make them keep at a respectable distance. I volunteer for the service. If you will allow me to put the rifle cannon on board the Lady Davis, under my command, I can go out, and at long range try the effect of the shot on them. I think in this way I may be able to annoy, if not drive theni off. Should this plan meet your views, I would be glad to try and carry it into execution. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. B. HUGER, Lieutenant, C. S. Navy, Commandant of Batteries. Brigadier-General BEAUREGARD, Commander in Chief, Charleston, S. C. Report of Commander Hartstene, C. S. Navy, of the transfer of Major Anderson, U. S. Army, and his command from Fort Sumter to chartered steamer Baltic. HEADQUARTERS PROVISIONAL FORCES, C. S. ARMY, Charleston, S. C., April 16, 1861. MAJOR: On the afternoon of the 13th instant, shortly after the sur- render of Fort Sumter, I was placed on board the steamer Catawba to convey to the fort, in connection with Major Jones, Captains Miles and Pryor (aids to Brigadier-General Beauregard), to arrange with Major Anderson the means most acceptable to him for his evacuation the fol- lowing day. The major, agreeably to our offer, sent on board of us Lieutenant Snyder to confer with the commander of the fleet off the bar in regard to transportation. I accompanied him out on the morning of the 14th instant, and after a short conference he returned to the fort, where it was arranged that the steamers and all necessary facilities for the removal of the command should be ready at 11 oclock a should be conveyed to the fleet, and have the option nd that they either of taking passage in one of their vessels or of going on the one furnished by the Confederacy. At 11 oclock all facilities were at the disposal of Major Anderson, but the work of removal was delayed in consequence of the accidental explosion which killed and wounded five of his command. They were not all embarked until sundown, when it was too late to cross the bar. This, however, was effected early the following morning, and the com- mand shortly afterwards was transferred to the steamer Baltic, one of the transports of the United States. All of which is respectfully submitted for the inforufation of the brigadier-general commanding. Respectftdly, etc., H. J. HARTSTENE. Major B. H. JONES, Asst. Adjt. Gen. of Provisional Forces, C. S. Army, Charleston, S. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to the Colonel Commandant U. S. Marine Corps, regarding detachment of marines for Fort Meffenry, Baltimore. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 8, 1861. SIR: You will send a detachment of thirty marines, properly officered, armed, and equipped, and rationed for fifteen days, by to-morrow morn Page 264 264 OPERATIONS ON TUE ATLANTIC COAST. ings early train of ears to Fort Mdllenry, Baltimore. They will garri- son the fort until relieved by army troops, when they will return to Washington. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY. Colonel JOHN HARRIS, Commandant Marine Corps, Headquarters. Order of the Secretary of the Nafy to Lieutenant Rays, U. S. Marine Corps, commanding detail of marines. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 12, 1861. On arrival of army troops at Fort Mdllenry return with marines under yonr command to headquarters, in obedience to orders of Jan- nary 8, 1861. I. TOUCEY, Secretary of the Navy. Lieutenant A. J. HAYS, Commanding Detachment Marines, Fort Mcffenry, Baltimore. Report of Lieutenant Murray, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Poca- hontas, of the arrival of that vessel at Hampton Roads, Va., from Mexico. U. S. STEAM SLOOP PoCAHoNTAS, Hampton Roads, Va., March 12, 1861. SIR: In obedience to the enclosed orders of Flag-Officer Pendergrast I have the honor to report the arrival of this ship at Hampton IRoads, Va. We sailed from Sacrificios, near Vera (Jruz, on the afternoon of the 22d ultimo, and after a passage in which we encountered heavy weather, and not one hours fair wind, we arrived at Havana on the evening of the 2d instant with but 4 tons of coal on board. We sailed from the latter place on the 5th. Part of the 8th and the whole of the 9th and 10th this vessel was nuder the influence of a revolving storm or cyclone, in which she suffered considerably by straining, the sea for fifteen hours being of a pyramidal form and com- ing from all directions with great violence. If my apprehensions of the magnitude of this gale are correct, we may expect to hear of many marine disasters. We snifered the severity of the tempest in abont l.atitnde 310 N., longitude 790 W. The body of the cyclone appeared to me to bear about S. S. W. and to move in a southerly and westerly direction, its vortex passing over the Bahamas. We left the steam frigate Powhatan at Havana, to sail on the 8th for New York. The Cumberland was towed out of Sacrificios by the Powhatan on the 25th of Febrnary, and is now dne at this place. We are short of provisions and our upper works leaking, and shonld be at a navy yard. Lientenant Van 11. Morgan came home a passenger, having been condemned by a medical survey at Vera Cruz. Respectfully, I have the honor to be, yonr obedient servant, A. MURRAY, Lieutenant, Commanding. FHon. GuxEoN WELLES, Secretary of the Navy Page 265 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 265 Report of Captain Mercer, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Powhatan, of the arrival of that vessel at New York from Vera Cruz, Mexico. U. S. S. POWHATAN, New York, March 13, 1861. SIR: In obedience to an order from Flag-Officer Pendergrast, dated February 24, 1861, I sailed from Vera (Jruz on the 25th ultimo; arrived at Havana on the 3d ultimo; replenished coal sailed for this port on the 8th ultimo, and arrived here to-day in this vessel under my com- mand. Jam, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL MERCER, Captain. Hon. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, Washington, D. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Murray, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pocahontas. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 14, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 12th instant, reporting the arrival of the Pocahontas under your command at Hampton Roads, has been received. You will proceed with the Pocahontas to the navy yard at Gosport [Norfolk] immediately. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant ALEXANDER MURRAY Commanding U. S. S. Pocahond~s, Hampton Roads, Va. Order from the Secretary of the Navy to the commandant navy yard, Nor- folk, Va., to repair the U. S. S. Pocahontas. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 14, 1861 SIR: Lieutenant A. Murray, commanding the Pocahontas, now at Hampton Roads, has been ordered to proceed with that vessel to the navy yard at Gosport [Norfolk]. On her arrival you will be pleased to have the slight repairs that she may require put upon her without delay. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Commandant Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding coaling. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 18, 1861. SIR: Your No. 35, dated February 25, 1861, with enclosures, has been received. You will please inform the Department why the Powhatan and Poca- houtas were not directed to coal at Key West, where the Government keeps a supply for the Home Squadron, instead of Havana. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, [GIDEON WELLES.] Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Hampton Roads, Va Page 266 266 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Commander Gillis, U. S. Navy, appointed to command U. & S. Pocahontas. NAVY YARD, GOSPORT, ]ifarch 19, 1861. SIR: In obedience to your order of the 27th nltirno, I have this day reported to Commodore McCauley for the command of the U. S. S. Pocahontas. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, J. P. GILLIS, Commander. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, of the arrival of TI. S. ship Cumberland at Hampton Roads from Vera Cruz, Mexico. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Hampton Roads, Va., March 23, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I arrived here in the U. S. ship Cumberland to-day, twenty-seven days from Vera Cruz, Mexico. On leaving Vera Cruz I left the following vessels of war off the island of Sacrificios: U. S. ship ]Jfacedonian, Captain Glynn; two English steamers, two Spanish steamers and one brig, and a French brig and steamer. The U. S. S. Pocahontas, Lieutenant Commanding Murray, left on the 22d of February for Hampton Roads, Va., and the U. S. S. Powhatan, Captain Mercer, in company with this ship, on the 25th instant. I gave the two former ships authority, if necessary, to stop at Havana to replenish their coal. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, of repairs needed by U. S. ship Cumberland. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Hampton Roads, Va., March 25, 1861. SIR: In my dispatch numbered 36 I had the honor to inform the Department of my arrival here. The Cumberktnd, having experienced a succession of severe gales off the coast, will need some repairs, and requires water, stores, and pro- visions I would therefore be glad to receive the orders of the Depart- ment in relation to her. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 267 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 267 Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. & Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, stating reason for coaling at Havana, Cub a, instead of Key West, Fla. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Hampton Roads, Va., March 25, 1861. SIR: Your dispatch under date of March 18, 1861, wishing to be informed why the Powhatan and Pocahontas were ordered to proceed to Havana instead of Key West, where the Government keeps a supply of coal, has been received. In the present unhappy state of the coun- try it was doubtful whether a United States ship would be allowed to touch at Key West without encountering some difficulties, and for that reason they were ordered to touch at Havana if necessary to replenish their coal. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Rome Squadron, to commandant navy yard, No~folk, Va., regarding orders of the Department. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUiWBERLAND, Hampton Roads, Va., March 27, 1861. SIR: Your communication under date of the 26th instant has been received. I beg leave to quote the following extract from my orders from the Department: You will proceed with your flagship, the Cumberland, to Hampton Roads, Va., and there await the further instructions of the Department. Under the circumstances I do not feel authorized to move this ship until I receive further instructions from the Department or my superior officer. In my report to the Department I mentioned that this ship required some repairs and stores, and asked the instructions of the Department in relation to the matter. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGiI~AST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Flag-Officer CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Navy Yard, Cosport [Norfolk], Va. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, in regard to coaling at Havana, Cuba. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 28, 1861. SIR: The Department has received your No. 36, reporting your arrival in the Cumberland at Hampton Roads, and also your No. 37 and No 38 Page 268 268 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Your reasons for directing the Powhatan and Pocahontas to touch at Havana, to replenish their coal if necessary, are satisfactory to the Department. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Hampton Roads, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Penderyrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to proceed to Norfolk, Va. NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 29,1861. SIR: Proceed with the Cumberland to the naval anchorage, Norfolk. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Hampton Roads, Va. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding U. S. ship Cumberland. U. S. FLAGSHIP OUMBERLAND, Naval Anchorage, Norfolk, Va., ]Iliarch 31, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your order under date of March 29. In obedience to that order I have this day moved the Cumberland to the naval anchorage, Norfolk. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, requesting suitable flagship. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Naval Anchorage, [Norfolk, Va.], April 10, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the Cumberland. being a sailing vessel, is not well suited for the flagship of a squadron, and I respectfully request that a proper steamer may be assigned me as the flagship of the Home Squadron. I also beg to renew the application to the Department for the officers named in my dispatch (No. 3) from Yera Cruz, dated November 5, 1860. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEUGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy Page 269 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 269 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commanding officers of the Home Squadron, regarding courtesies to be extended to the correspondent of the London Zhmes. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 11, 1861. SIR: Mr. William II. Russell, the correspondent of the London Times, being on a visit to this country, will make a tour through the Southern States, and may desire to take passage or have accommodation on board the vessel under your command. Should such be the case, and you. can extend to him the privilege, you not only have the permission of the Department to do so, but will receive its approbation for your courtesy and attention. Very respectfully, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. COMMANDER OF THE HOME SQUADRON, or COMMANDER OF ANY U. S. VESSEL OF THE SQUADRON. Letter from the Superintendent of the Naval Academy to the Secretary of the Navy, seeking instructions in case of attack upon that place. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, Mid., April 15, 1861. SIR: In view of the threatening aspect of affairs, I deem it my duty to ask your instructions in event of a threatened attack upon the Naval Academy. The Department is probably aware that this point is not defensible against a superior force, and that the only force at my com- mand consists of the students of the Academy, many of whom are little boys, and some of whom are citizens of the seceded States. If an attack should be threatened, with an exhibition of force stronger than we are able to repel, I propose to embark the officers and students in the school-ship Constitution, having first rendered nseless the guns and ammunition which we may be compelled to leave on shore, and either defend her in this harbor, or if it be deemed more jndicious, put to sea and proceed to New York or Philadelphia. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE, Superintendent. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from the Superintendent of the Naval A cademy to the Secretary of the Navy, urging the immediate presence of the U. S. ship Plymouth. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, Md., April 15, 1861. Sn~: On the 5th instant I had the honor to suggest that the prac- tice ship Plymouth should be sent to the Academy by the 1st of June, but I would now submit the expediency of sending her here at the earliest moment and of placing on board her a strong marine gnard. I enclose a table of the complement allowed the ship heretofore, and would request that the same number be allowed now; also, that, if possible, no iu~n be put on board her but those who hw~ honorable 4ischarges Page 270 270 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. If these suggestions are approved, I would further ask authority to send an officer to Norfolk to receive and bring the ship to this port. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE, Superintendent. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Superintendent of the Naval Academy regarding early gradua- tion of the first class. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, Md., April 17, 1861. SIR: I beg leave to state to you that I have conferred fully with the commandant of midshipmen and the professors charged with the instruction of the first class, and that, if it is decided to examine and graduate that class before the usual time, they express the opinion, in which I concur, that the examination should not take place before the 7th proximo. The gentlemen of that class are receiving instruction in practical branches which is very important to them. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE, Superintendent. Captain GEORGE A. MAGRUDER, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, etc., Washington. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, to send the U.S. ship Plymouth to Annapolis, Md. ConfidentiaL] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 17, 1861. SIR: Should it be deemed advisable, it will be well to send the Plym- outh to Annapolis at the earliest practicable period. Captain Blake thinks it proper to have her there for defense. Her complement con- sists of about 130 officers and men. Can that number be spared at this timel Please use your discretion in the matter, and confer with Com- modore Padding on the subject. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, A%ecretary Navy. Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Superintendent of the Naval Academy in regard to course to be pursued in case of threatened attack upon that place. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. SIR: Your letter of the 15th instant, in regard to the course to be pursued at Annapolis in case an attack should be threatened with a force stronger than you are able to repel, has been received, and your suggestions are approved. It would not be advisable, however, to ad Page 271 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 271 to the excitement or create unnecessary alarm by a premature move- ment. Much must depend on your own judgment and discretion. Annapolis is not distant, and the telegraph, unless interfered with allows immediate communication; but should it be cut off, and communi- cation interrupted (which, however, I do not anticipate), you must act upon your own convictions. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Captain G. S - BLAKE, Secretary Navy. Superintendent Naral Academy, Annapolis, Md. Letter from John Rodney, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, reporting the obstruction of Elizabeth River. LEWES, DEL., Thursday Evening, April 18, 18619 oclock. DEAR SIR: We have sad news here this evening, received by the U. S. revenue cutter Dobbin, Captain Webster, which arrived in our harbor this afternoon at about 5 oclock, twenty-four hours from Hamp- ton Roads, near Norfolk, Va. The report is, [by] some of the men from her, that the channel in Elizabeth River, near Craney Island, is obstructed by the sinking of two large vessels near the island, which prevents our naval force there, consisting of about six ships, from getting to sea. The U. S. S. Water Witch, from Philadelphia, came into our harbor at an early hour this afternoon, and was boarded by th~ captain of the cutter Dobbin as soon as he arrived in the harbor. We hope that you will soon be able to have the channel cleared of secession sinks and the way made clear for the vessels to get out. Yours, very respectfully, JOHN RODNEY. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. Report 9/ Commander Mcintosh, U. S. Navy, of the seizure by Major Bridgford, commanding a company of Virginia troops, of the light- house tender (schooner) Buchanan under his command. RICII1V[OND, VA., April 19, 1861. SIR: I have the painful duty to inform you that on Thursday morn- ing, 18th instant, while in execution of my duty as light-house inspector of the Fifth district, I was unexpectedly boarded in James River by a steamer from Richmond with a military company on board, and being unprepared for an attack I was compelled to surrender myself and vessel to Major Bridgford, acting under the authority of the State of Virginia. On being taken to Richmond I was sent for by the governor of the State, who directed Major Bridgford to give me a receipt for the vessel and released me on parole not to serve in arms against the State of Virginia. As it was very important that I should get to Norfolk imme- diately, I complied with his demand. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHARLES F. MCINTOSH, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. SECRETARY OF THE NAy~ Page 272 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 20, 1861. Defend the Constitution at all hazards. If it can not be done, destroy her. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commod.ore GEORGE S. BLAKE, Annapolis, Md. Letter from. the Secretary of the Navy to the Secretary of War, suggesting the establishment of a military force at Annapolis for the protection of Government property there. Confidential.j NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 20, 1861. SIR: I respectfully suggest that a military force be established at Annapolis to protect the frigate Constitution and Government property there which is now much exposed. Could not a portion of one of the regiments expected to land there to-day be detailed for that duty~ The withdrawal of a considerable portion of the marines from this station for other dnty leaves the navy yard and Government property much exposed. I would therefore respectfully request that a military force be detailed to aid in guarding that point. I am, sir, very respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary War. Reports and correspondence relative to the destruction and abandonment of the Norfolk navy yard, April 20, 1861. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Powell, U. S. Navy, to proceed to Norfolk, Va. NAVY DEPARTMENT, January 24, 1861. SIR: Proceed to Norfolk, Va., and after carrying out the verbal orders* you have received from the Department return to your resi- dence at Washington City. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, I. TOUCEY, [Secretary of the Navy.] Captain LEVIN M. POWELL, U. S. NAVY, Washington, D. C. Report of commandant navy yard, Norfolk, regarding U. S. ship Germantown. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Gosport [Norfolk], March 11, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform yo.i that the sloop of war German- town will be ready for her officers and crew by the 25th instant. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. eThe instructions to Captain Powell were verbal, as was his report, which will be own in Mr. Touceys testimony before the Senate committee. See p. 302.CoM- PILERS Page 273 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 273 Report of commandant navy yard, Norfo1k~ regarding U. S. ship Cumberland. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Gosport [Norfolk], March 25, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of the U. S. ship Gum ber- land in Hampton Roads on Saturday, the 23d instant, twenty-seven days from Vera Cruz. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commandant. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of commandant navy yard, No:fo~k, regarding U. S. ship Cumberland. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, Gosport [Norfolk], ]JI arch 26, 1861. SIR: I would respectfully inform you that I have directed the U. S. ship Cumberland to be brought up from Hamptou Roads to the naval anchorage on this station, provided it did not conflict with any order from the Department. I deemed this expedient to save time and expense iu supplying the deficiencies which exist on her. I have the honor, sir, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, to have a detach- ment of officers and men ready to send to the Norfolk navy yard. PRIVATE ORDERS.] NAVY DEPARTMENT. March 31, 1861. SIR: You will be pleased to have in readiness for sea service without ~delay 250 seamen, ordinary seamen, and landsmen, to be transferred from the receiving ship North Carolina to the receiving ship Penusyl- vanta at Norfolk. You will also detail the necessary officers to accompany them, to be furnished from the public stores with provisions, stores, etc., for the subsistence of both officers and men and have them placed on board the chartered steamer. Paymaster Henry Etting is authorized by the Department to charter a private steamer for their conveyaiice. You will also transfer to the revenue cutter Harriet Lane 5() seamen, ordinary seamen, and lands- men, to be conveyed by that vessel to Norfolk. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Commodore SAMUEL L. BREESE, Secretary Navy. Navy Yard, New York. N W RVOL 41 Page 274 274 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Paymaster Etting, U. S. Navy, regarding provision for transfer of detachment of officers and men. PRIVATE ORDERS.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, March 31, 1861. SIR: You will be pleased to proceed without delay to New York and charter a private steamer, at the least possible cost, for the immediate transportation of 250 seamen, ordinary seamen, and landsmen, to be transferred from the receiving ship North Carolina to the receiving ship Pennsylvania, at Norfolk. You will confer with the commandant of the navy yard at New York, who will cooperate with you in the fulfillment of this order. You will then return to Washington and report yourself to the Department. Ii am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Paymaster HENRY ETTING, Washington, D. C. Coafidential instructions from the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, in view of existing conditions at that station. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 10, 1861. SIR: In view of the peculiar condition of the country, and of events that have already transpired, it becomes necessary that great vigilance should be exercised in guarding and protecting the public interests and property committed to your charge. It is therefore deemed impor- tant that the steamer Merrimack should be in condition to proceed to Philadelphia or to any other yard, should it be deemed necessary, or, in case of danger from unlawful attempts to take possession of her, that she may be placed beyond their reach. Indeed, it is desirable that all the shipping and stores should be attended to, and should you think an additional force necessary, or that other precanfions are required, you will immediately apprise the Department. In the meantime exercise your own judgment in discharg- ing the responsibility that devolves on you. It is desirable that there should be no steps taken to give needless alarm, but it may be best to order most of the shipping to sea or [to] other stations. Please keep the Department advised of the condition of affairs, and of any cause for apprehension, should any exist. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, regarding U. S. ship Plymouth. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 11, 1861. SIR: Be pleased to have the Plymouth prepared immediately to be taken toAnuapolis, Md., where shewillbe fitted upwith special referenc Page 274A UNITED STATES STEAMER MERRIMACK Page 274B Page 275 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 275 to the accommodation of the acting midshipmen, who will embark on the usual summer cruise. I am, respectfully, your obedient servaut, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Commandant Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, regarding U. S. S. Merrimack. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 11, 1861. SIR: Be pleased to have the Merrimack prepared in as short a time as possible for temporary service. The commandant at New York has been directed to transfer to the receiving ship at Norfolk, without delay, 200 seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, firemen, and coal heavers, for the purpose of making up a crew for the Merrimack. The Department desires you to inform it when it is probable the vessel will be ready. I am, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES. Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Commandant Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding transfer to Norfolk navy yard of detachment of men. NAVY IDEPARTMENT, April 11, 1861. SIR: You will be pleased to transfer to the receiving ship at Norfolk, without delay, 180 seamen, ordinary seamen, and landsmeu in the usual proportions, and 20 firemen and coal heavers; 200 altogether. It the requisite number are not on hand let them be enlisted as soon as possible. I am, respectfally, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Alden, U. S. Navy, to assume command of the U. S. S. Merrimack. Confidential.1 NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 11, 1861. SIR: You are directed to report to Commodore McCauley to take charge of the steam frigate Merrimack and deliver her over to the com- manding officer of the Philadelphia station for the necessary repairs. Very respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, & eretary Navy. Commander JAMES ALDEN, U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C. [Memorandum.] The enclosed orders are for Engineers [Robert] Danby and ~C. W.] Jordan, at Norfolk, who are directed to report to Commodore McCaule Page 276 276 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. to accompany you, as also Engineers Newton and [Morgan H.] English, who have been ordered from this place. Other assistance has been ordered from Norfolk. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, regarding the removal of U. S. S. Merrimack to Philadelphia navy yard. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 12, 1861. Sin: The Department desires to have the iiferrimack removed from the Norfolk to the Philadelphia navy yard with the utmost dispatch. The Engineer in Chief, B. F. Isherwood, has been ordered to report to you for the purpose of expediting the duty, and you will have his sug- gestions for that end carried promptly into efect. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, Commandant Navy Yard, Portsmouth [Norfolk], Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Engineer in Chief Isherwood, U. S. Navy. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 12, 1861. SIR: Proceed to Norfolk, Ya., and report to Commodore McCauley for such duty as he may direct. Upon its completion you will return to Washington and resume your duties. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Engineer in Chief B. F. ISHERWOOD, Washington, D. C. Report of the commandant navy yard, New York, regarding transfer of a draft of men to Norfolk. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 15, 1861. SIR: I had the honor to receive the Departments order of the 11th instant, on Saturday last, to transfer without delay to the Norfolk sta. tion 200 seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, firemen, and coal heavers. Immediately on its receipt directions were given to the recruiting officer to enlist with all dispatch the number of men required to make up the draft. By the morning report from the receiving ship this day it appears there are but 47 seamen, 14 ordinary seamen, and 2 landsmen. By the weekly report from the rendezvous, forwarded by this mail, it appears that a number of seamen and ordinary seamen have been enlisted, but who have not yet appeared on board the receiving ship. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 277 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 277 Report of commandant navy yard, Norfolk, regarding U. S. S. Merrimack. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, 6osport [Norfolk], April 16, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the steam frigate Merrimack may now be taken and used for temporary service as soon as the necessary equipments can be put ou board. All that is required to be done to the h all for temporary service will probably be completed by to-morrow evening. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Kavy, Wa8hington, D. (1. Confidential instructions from the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, in view of public exigencies. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 16, 1861. SIR: The events which have transpired since my confidential com- munication to you of the 10th instant impose additional vigilance and care in protecting the public property under your charge, and placing the vessels and stores, if necessary, beyond jeopardy. Referring to my letter of the 10th, you will continue to carry out the instrnctions therein contained. The Engineer in Chief; B. F. Isherwood, who was dispatched to Norfolk to aid in putting the Merrimack in con- dition to be moved, reports that she will be able to take her departure on Thursday. it may not be necessary, however, that she should leave at that time, unless there is immediate danger pending. But no time should be lost in getting her armament on board, and you will also place the more valuable public property, ordnance, stores, etc., on ship- board, so that they can at any moment be moved beyond the reach of seizure. With diligence on your part, it is not anticipated that any sudden demonstration can be made which will endanger either the ves- sel or stores. The Plymouth and Dolphin should, however, be placed beyond danger of immediate assault at once, if possible. The German- town c an receive on board stores and ordnance from the yard, and be towed out by the Merrimack if an assault is threatened. Men have been ordered from New York to man and assist in movingliuie vessels, but recent demands have left an insufficient number to meet the requi- sition. Under these circumstances, should it become necessary, Com- modore Pendergrast will assist you with men from the Gumberland. You will please to submit this letter and my -confidential communica- tion of the 10th to Commodore Pendergrast, who will assist and cooper- ate with you in carrying the views of the Department into effect. As it is difficult at this distance to give instructions in detail, the Depart- ment has thought proper to dispatch Commodore Paulding to Norfolk, who will be the bearer of this commnnication, and explain to yourself and Commodore Pendergrast the views and purposes of the Depart- mnent. You will be pleased to advise with him freely and fully as to your duties and the interests of the Government in the present threat- ening emergency. The vessels and stores under your charge you wil Page 278 278 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. defend at any hazard, repelling by force, if necessary, any and all attempts to seize them, whether by mob violence, organized effort, or any assumed authority. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yours, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore C. S. MCCAULEY, Norfolk, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commodore Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to cooperate for the protection of public interests at Norfolk navy yard. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 16, 1861. SIR: A state of things has arisen which renders the immediate departure of the Cumberland as originally intended inexpedient. Events of recent occurrence, and the threatening attitude of affairs in some parts of our country, call for the exercise of great vigilance and energy at Norfolk. Confidential communications have been heretofore made to Commodore McCauley on these subjects, which he will submit to you; and Commodore Paulding, who brings this letter to you, will ver- bally and more in detail explain the views of the Department. Please to advise freely and fully with both these gentlemen, and cooperate with them in defending the vessels and public property at the navy yard. As there is an insufficiency of men in the service at that station for moving the vessels, it may become necessary to render assistance from the force under your command. Until farther orders, the departure of the Cumberland to Vera Cruz will be deferred. In the meantime you will lend your assistance, and that of your command, toward putting the vessels now in the yard in condition to be moved, placing the ordnance and ordnance stores on board for moving, and in case of invasion, insurrection, or violence of any kind to suppress it, repelling assault by force if necessary. The Cumberland can render effective service, and it is deemed fortunate that the Government is enabled to avail itself of your service and that of your command at this juncture at Norfolk. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Sloop Cumberland, Norfolk, ra. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commodore Paulding, U. S. Navy, regarding special duty. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 16, 1861. SIR: Proceed to Norfolk, Va., without delay, on special duty. Upon the completion of this duty you will return to Washington City and resume your regular duties. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore II. PAULDING, U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C Page 279 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 279 Report of Captain Marston, U, S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Cumberland, regarding boat expedition from that vessel. U. S. SHIP CUMI3ERLAND, Off Norfolk, April 17, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that last night about 11 oclock a steam tug passed down the harbor, having in tow what appeared to be two light-boats. Previous reports led me to apprehend that they were intended to be sunk for the purpose of blocking up the channel. I therefore dispatched a boat, under charge of Sailmaker [David] Bruce, to go down the harbor and ascertain their intent. At half past 11 oclock I sent another boat, in charge of Lieutenant Seifridge, with orders to go down as far as the narrowest part of the channel. This boat I thought it prudent to arm. Lieutenant Seifridge was directed to use great discretion and not to interfere with the tugs unless they attempted to sink the light-boats, but if they did so, to prevent them if possible. Some time after 12 oclock another tug, having in tow another light-boat, passed down the harbor. About 1 oclock the boat under charge of Mr. Bruce returned and reported that he had been far down the harbor, but had not seen any- thing of either of the tugs nor of Lieutenant Seifridge. At half past 2 oclock Lieutenant Selfridge returned and informed me that he had been 2 miles below Craney Island light, but had not seen the tug which had the two light-boats in tow; but that the other tug passed him 2 miles below Craney Island going very fast. The night was very dark, blowing fresh, with rain. Early this morning two tugs, one in tow of the other, passed up the harbor, and since then another tug has gone down. I have thought proper to report these circumstances to you, not knowing what has been done with the light-boats; but appearances are certainly suspicious, though possibly there may be no real cause for my apprehensions. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN MARSTON, Captain. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commander in Chief Home Squa~1ron, N& rfolk. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Norfolk, regarding U. S. ship Plymouth. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 17, 1861. SIR: Should it be deemed advisable, it will be well to send the Plym. outh to Annapolis at the earliest practicable period. Captain Blake thinks it proper to have her there for defense. Her complement con- sists of about 130 officers and men. Can that number be spared at this time ~ Please use your discretion in the matter, and confer with Commodore Paulding on the subject. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, & cretary of the Navy. Commodore C. S. MCCAULEY, Norfolk, Va Page 280 280 OPERATiONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding preparation for transfer to Norfolk navy yard of a draft of men. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 17, 1861. SIR: The seamen, ordinary seamen, and ]andsmen ordered on the 11th instant to be sent to Norfolk will probably be shipped and ready for transfer to that place in three or four days. I apprise the Depart- ment of this so that if there be any change in its intention with respect to them I may be timely informed. I am, sir, very respectfully, yonr obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Order * of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Ronckendorff, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 17, 1861. SIR: Sail immediately for Norfolk and report to Commodore McCauley for further orders. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GiDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Lieutenant Commanding W. RONCKENDORFF, U. S. S. Water Witch, Philadelphia. Order from the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Eonckendorff, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Water Witch, to take a pilot. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. SIR: The Department learns from Norfolk that the buoys have been removed. A pilot will be necessary. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Lieutenant Commanding W. IRONUKENDOEFF, Water Witch, Philadelphia. Report of Engineer in Chief Isherwood, U. S. Navy, regarding the preparation of U. S. S. Merrimack. OFFICE ENGINEER IN CHIEF, U. S. NAVY, April 18, 1861. SIR: In obedience to your order of April 12, I proceeded to Ports- mouth, Va., arriving on the Sunday morning following. I immediately sought the chief engineer of the navy yard (Mr. Robert Danby) and with him called on Commodore McCauley, to whom I presented my orders and the letter of iimstrnctiomis to him from the Department in relation to preparing the steam frigate Merrimack at once for sea and dispatching her to the Philadelphia navy yard. He directed me to * The Water Witch had sailed for Fort Pickeus before receipt of the above order. COMPIIJiRS Page 281 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 281 take whatever measures I deemed proper for expediting the work. On leaving him I went on board the ilferrirnaclc and made a careful exam- ination of the machinery. The engines were in a wretched state. All the braces were out of the boilers, having been removed with a view to the substitution of other and larger oiies, and the entire machinery was in a disabled condition. After this survey was completed and the amount of work ascertained that was required to be done (which was considerable) to put the machinery in a state to steam to Philadelphia, the foremen of the boiler makers and of the machinists were directed to employ in the course of the day as many men as could work upon it, and to commence on Monday morning, which was done; and the work continued to be steadily urged day and night without an hours inter- mission until Wednesday afternoon, when everything was ready. The coal and engineer stores had been takeu on board during this time, and forty-four firemen and coal heavers engaged for the trip. On Wednes- day afternoon at 4 oclock I called, in company with Chief Engineer Danby, on Commodore McCauley, reported the machinery ready for steam, informed him that forty-four firemen and coal heavers had been engaged and were ready to go on board, and asked him if I should fire up at once. lie replied not that afternoon, adding that if I had steam on the next morning it would be time enough. Accordingly, a regular engine-room watch was kept during the night and the fires were started at daybreak. About 9 a. m. I called on the commodore and reported the engineer department ready for leaving; that Chief Engineer iDanby, the assistant engineers, the firemen, and the coal heavers were all on board, with steam up and the engines working at the wharf. The only thing wanting was his order to cast loose and go. He then, to my great surprise and dissatisfaction, informed me that he had not yet decided to send the vessel, but would let me know further in the course of a few hours. I called his attention to the fact that the instructions of the Departmeut were peremptory to send her, and expressed the opinion she would pass any obstructions the eiiemy could have placed in the channel without feeling them, adding that if he delayed a few hours the vessel would have to remain another day, and that during the night the obstructions would doubtless be increased. To this he replied, as before, that he would determine in the course of the day. On leaving him I requested Commander Alden to go on board with me; and pointing out to him the engineers, firemen, and coal heavers assem- bled in the engine room, steam being up and the engines working at the wharf; I told him that so far as the engineer department was con- cerned the vessel was ready to go, and that my part was done. About 2 p. m. I again called on the commodore, when he informetl me that he had decided to retain the vessel, and directed me to draw the fires. I once more asked his attention to the peremptory nature of the orders of the Department, and expressed my conviction that the vessel could then be taken out with perfect safety, volunteering earnestly my advice that the attempt should be immediately made and with the sloop of war Germantown in tow. He replied by reiterating his previous decla- ration that he should retain the vessel. Nothing then remained for me to do but to request him to put his endorsement on my orders, which he did, and to return to Washington and report the facts. With the highest respect, I am, sir, your obedient servant, B. F. IsIIERWOoD, Hon. GiDEON WELLES, Engineer in Chief Secretary of the Navy Page 282 282 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commodore Paulding, U. S. Navy, to proceed to Norfolk and assume command of the naval force afloat and protect property of the United States. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. SIR: You are directed to proceed forthwith to Norfolk and take com- mand of all the naval forces there afloat. With the means placed at your command, you will do all in your power to protect and place beyond danger the vessels and property belonging to the United States. On no account should the arms and munitions be permitted to fall into the hands of insurrectionists, or those who would wrest them from the custody of the Government; and should it finally become necessary, you will, in order to prevent that result, destroy the property. In carrying into effect these orders, you are invested with fall powers to command the services of the entire naval force, and you will, if necessary, repel force by force in carrying out these instruc- tions. It is understood that the War Department will detail Colonel Richard Delafield, or some other competent officer with a command, to aid and assist in protecting and guarding the yard and property at Gosport and vicinity, and you will cooperate with that officer in this object. Jam, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore HIRAM PAULDING, Washington, D. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to lieutenant Woodhull, U. S. Navy, to proceed to Philadelphia for duty. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. SIR: Proceed without an hours delay to Philadelphia and report to the commanding officer of the navy yard in that city, who will furnish you the means of carrying out your private instrnctions.* Fery respectfully, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant M. WOODHULL, U. S. Navy. [Telegram.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. SIR: You will please give every facility of men and arms to Lieuten- ant M. Woodhull in order to carry out his instructions from the Navy Department, which he will verbally make known to yon. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain S. F. Du PONT, Commanding Navy Yard, Philadelphia. For explanation see Du Ponts report of April 19, 1861, following Page 283 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 283 [Telegram.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. Send all the available recruits and ordinary men of the yard, to 250, to Norfolk immediately, by chartered boat if necessary. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain SAMUEL L. BREESE, Navy Yard, New York. [Telegram.] Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1861. SIR: You will draft fifty recruits, in charge of two officers, for the receiving ship Pennsylvania, at Norfolk, to be sent by this evenings boat. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander W. W. HUNTER, Commanding Receiving Ship [Alleghany], Baltimore, lid. Report of Commander Hunter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. receiving skip Alleghany, Balti- more, regarding transfer of recruits. U. S. SHIP ALLEG-HANY, Baltimore, April 18, 1861. I respectfully acknowledge the receipt of your telegraphic order of this day, directing me to send to the U. S. ship Pennsylvania, at Nor- folk, fifty recruits. In obedience thereto they will be dispatched at the earliest possible moment, which will be by the Norfolk steamer of to-morrow, the recep- tion of your order not having allowed time to have their accounts for the steamer of this day. I am, very respectfully, WM. W. HUNTER, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES Secretary o the Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding transfer to Norfolk of detachment of officers and men. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 19, 1861. SIR: In accordance with an order from Commodore Paulding deliv- ered to me this morning by Lieutenant Woodhull, and followed by fur- ther verbal directions and explanations by the latter, I have chartered the steamer Keystone State, which will be ready to leave this yard to-night for Norfolk. She takes with her a guard of over fifty marines, a body of fifty sea- men, ordinary seamen, and landsrnen, four 12-pounder howitzerstwo light and two heavywith ammunition, etc Page 284 284 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. I have also placed two weeks provisions on board of her; she has also seven days coal. They will report to Flag-Officer Pendergrast. The officers of the expedition are: Lientenant Commanding Maxwell Woodhull, Lieutenant S. D. Trenchard, Lieutenant W. T. Truxtun, Lieutenant [James] Lewis,~ Lieutenant [Philip IR.] Fendall,* Passed Assistant Surgeon A. Schriver. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. G. WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 19, 1861. Furnish the recruits that are sent to Norfolk with arms and ammu- nition. Let them be well armed. G. W[ELLES], Secretary Navy. Commodore SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commanding Navy Yard, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Washington, regarding combustible materials t for transportation to Norfolk. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 19, 1861. SIR: You will direct Commander Dahlgren to place on board of the U. S. S. Anacostia such material as you have at hand, including pow- der, a galvanic battery, etc., as will enable the commander of the Nor- folk yard to prevent public property falling into the hands of lawless persons. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore F. BUCHANAN, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Dahlgren, U. S. Navy, regarding U. S. S. Anacostia. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 19, 1861. SIR: It may be necessary to blow up or destroy public property now located at Norfolk, Va. The Department therefore wishes you to con- fer immediately with Captain Buchanan, who has been ordered on this subject, and get the steamer Anacostia off as soon as possible from the yard with the necessary material. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander J. A. DAHLGREN, Navy Yard, Washington. * U. S. Marine Corps. The Anaeoatia did not go to Norfolk. These materials were placed on hoard the Pawnee Page 285 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 285 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Colonel Commandant Marine Corps to detail marines for the U. S. S. Pawnee. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 19, 1861. SIR: You will detail for immediate service, to be placed on the steamer Pawnee, 100 marines, with the suitable officers. She is to be dispatched without delay. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Colonel J. HARRIS, Secretary Navy. U. S. Marine Corps. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Rowan, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, for the departure of that vessel. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 19, 1861. SIR: The Department desires that the steamer Pawnee, under your command, be prepared to sail without delay, and that all the officers attached to her be in immediate readiness. Commodore Paulding will join you with full instructions. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Commander STEPHEN C. ROWAN, Secretary Navy. Commanding Pawnee. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Rowan, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Pawnee, for the transportation of Army officer. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT,. April 19, 1861. SIR: Captain II. G. Wright, U. S. Army, has been ordered to Nor- folk by the Secretary of War on special service. You will be pleased to receive him on board the Paunee and offer hini a passage to that place, extending to him such accommodations as may be in your power. I am, sir, very respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Commander STEPHEN C. IROWAN, Secretary Navy. Commanding Steamer Pawnee. Report of Commander Hunter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alleghany, of the refusal of the Baltimore Steam Packet Company to carry recruits to Norfolk. U. S. SHIP ALLEGHANY, Baltimore, April 19, 1861. SIR: I had the honor to report to you yesterday that the draft of men (recruits) which you ordered yesterday to be sent to the U. S. ship Pennsylvania would be sent thither this day by the Norfolk steamer. I have now to report to yon that the president of the steamboat com- pany will not allow them to be dispatched by their steamers. The me Page 286 286 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. alluded to are in readiness to be dispatched by the earliest means of transportation authorized by you. I am, very respectfully, WM. W. HUNTER, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding shipment of recruits. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 19, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that the draft ordered to Norfolk will leave to-morrow, probably in the regular Nor- folk steamer at 3 p. m. There are at this moment but 173 recruits on board the receiving ship, but I have reason to believe that by the morning the number will be increased 50 or more. There are no ordi- nary men in the yard with which to make up any deficiency. The Pocahontas arrived this morning short of coal and a jibboom. She will be supplied with them, so as to leave for Washington this evening. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAPJL. L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. P. S.Is it the wish of the Department that I should detain the sur- veying steamers Corwin and Bibb? [Telegram.] NEW YORK, April20 [1861]. The steamer Chesapeakewill leave at 3p.m. Arrive intwenty-six hours. Same owners have fast and commodious propeller (Cuyler) now ready. They find coal and hands, charge $1,000 per day; have two other strong propellers ready at a moment, 700 tons, charge $700 per day. Any reply to me find me at American Telegraph office, Wall street. HENRY ETTING. Commodore PAIJLDING, Navy Department, Washington. Report of Commander Hunter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alleghany, transmitting refusal of Baltimore Steam Packet Company to transport recruits to Norfolk. U. S. SHIP ALLEGHANY, Baltimore, April 20, 1861. I had the honor to inform you yesterday by letter that the Baltimore Steam Packet Company declined to transport the last naval recruits which you had ordered me to send to the U. S. [ship] Pennsylvania at Norfolk. Herewith is the written refusal of the company alluded to. I am, very respectfully, W. W. HUNTER, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy Page 287 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 287 [Enclosure.] OFFICE OF BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY, Foot of Concord Street, Baltimore, April 19, 1861. DEAR SIR: In reply to your desire to send United States naval recruits to Norfolk this day by the Baltimore Steam Packet Company to Norfolk, Va., J have to inform you that we decline to take them. M. N. FALLS, President. By KLASSEN. Commander W. W. HUNTER, U. S. Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding charter of steamer Keystone State. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philade~phia, April20, 1861. SIR: Referring to my letter of yesterday, respecting the steamship Keystone State, I now enclose the original of the charter party, having retained one copy and given a second to the party of the first part. The time allowed for effecting the object in view was so short that it is possible some minor matters may have been overlooked, but in three hours after the order was received, so far as the yard was concerned, all was ready. The steamer selected, which is the fastest one out of this port, was at the time in the hands of the machinists, but by extraordinary exer- tion was towed down to the yard (the work on the machinery going on all the time) at 6 oclock p. in., the stores, howitzers, ammunition, and men put on board, and at daylight this morning she left for sea. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from A. Thiist. esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, regarding destruction of Norfolk navy yard. BUFFALO, April 20, 1861. SIR: If the Government are not sure of holding the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard, for Gods sake mine and totally destroy the dry dock there and destroy all the shipbuilding materials and apparatus. The want of a dock will seriously damage the traitors. A. BUIST. SECRETARY NAVY. Report of Commander Dahigren, U. S. Navy, regarding shipment of incendiary materials from New York to Norfolk. ORDNANCE OFFICE. U. S. NAVY YARD, Washington, April20, 1861. SIR: Conformably to your orders of yesterday (marked confidential), I conferred with Captain Buchanan and then proceeded promptly t Page 288 288 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. put on board the Anacostia such incendiary material as was on hand or could be procured and seemed likely to answer the purpose indicated in your order; viz: 40 barrels gunpowder, 11 tanks turpentine, 6 brushes, 12 barrels cotton waste, 181 portfires.* I was desirous of some conversation with the commanding officer of the expedition, in order to suggest the intended use of these articles in connection with what might be on board ships or in the yard at Nor- folk, but was not successful in meeting him. I believe the Anacostia I did not suffer any detention on my account, and left the yard about 5 p. m. I have the honor to be, very respectfully; your obedient servant, JNO. A. DAHLGREN, Commander, in charge of Ordnance Department in Yard. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of late commandant navy yard, Norfolk, of events preceding the destruction and abandonment of that station. WASHINGTON, ID. C., April 25, 1861. Sn~: I beg leave to detail to the Department the events which pre- ceded the evacuation and destruction of the Government property at the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard on the night of Saturday, the 20th of April. On Thursday night Flag-Officer Pendergrast learned that obstructions had been sent down to be placed in the river. He promptlyhad two boats manned and armed to prevent it, but owing to the thickness of the weather his intentions were foiled. On Friday, the 19th instant, I understood that Yirginia State troops were arriving at Portsmouth and Norfolk in numbers from Richmond, Petersburg, and the neighborhood, and not having the means at my disposal to get the Merrimack, Germantown, and Plymouth to a place of safety I determined on destroying them, being satisfied that with the small force under my command the yard was no longer tenable. I did not, however, carry this act into execution until the next day, before which I discovered that the insurgents were throw- ing up batteries immediately in front of the yard, when I sent Lienten- ant Seifridge, of the Cumberland, to General Taliaferro, commanding Virginia troops, with a message that if they continued to menace me by placing batteries opposite the yard I should consider it an act of war and fire upon them. Colonel ileth, the aid-de-camp of the general, re- turned with Lieutenant Selfridge and assured me that the general disclaimed all knowledge of such batteries. I then commenced scut- tling the Germantown, Plymouth, Dolphin, and Merrimack, destroying engine and machinery of the latter, cutting away the large shears, spiking all the guns in the yard and on board the ships in ordinary, including the Pennsylvania, and destroying such arms of the old and obsolete pattern as could not be placed on board the Cumberland and throwing them overboard, making the destruction of other things, with the exception of the public buildings, as complete as possible. By this time it was quite dark. My officers, with a few exceptions, had all deserted me; even the watchmen had thrown off their allegiance and had taken part with the secessionists; so I determined on retiring to the Cumberland and in the morning act as circumstances might require. * These materials were put on board the Pawnee. t Orders to Anacostia changed. See p.415 Page 289 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 289 With the Gumberland I could have destroyed Norfolk and Portsmouth, and had batteries opened upon the ship these cities would have beeu at my mercy. Before I had carried out my intention of embarking on board the Cumberland Flag-Officer Paulding arrived in the Pawnee. As he had special instructions from the Department, which he substan- tially communicated to me, and to which I gave entire assent, I took 110 further active part in the matter and embarked on board the Gum- berland; but I can bear testimony to the gallant maimer in which Flag- Officer Paulding and his brave associates executed his orders. Toward morning Flag-Officer Paulding embarked with his force, and the Gum- berland and Pawnee, the former assisted by the steamer Yankee, from New York, stood down the river unmolested. The Gumberland was detained some hours by the obstructions placed in the narrows near Sewells Point, but finally overcame them and anchored in Hampton Roads by 8 oclock p. m. Sunday. In making this my report to the Department it gives me great pleasure to report the gallant and meri- torious conduct of these officers, true to their allegiance. I can not speak in sufficiently high terms of Flag-Officer Pendergrast for the many valuable suggestions I received from him. To Captain Marston and officers of the Cumberland I feel very much indebted. Lieutenant Selfridge bore a message to the commanding general under great Per- sonal risk. I have to thank Commander Livingston, Lieutenants Semmes, Donaldson, and Irwin for gallant and efficient services, and to Lieutenant-Colonel Edelin, of the marines, my thanks are particu- larly due. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. S. MCCAULEY, Late Commandant of Navy Yard, ()osport [Norfolk]. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of Commodore Paulding, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. naval force in waters of Virginia, regarding the destruction of the Norfolk navy yard. WASHINGTON, D. C., April 28, 1861. SIR: In obedience to your order of the 19th instant, I embarked in the steamer Pawnee, and, with 100 marines sent on board from head- quarters, arrived on the afternoon of the following day at Fortress Monroe. Captain H. G. Wright, of the Engineer Corps, sent under orders from General Scott, waited upon ~D~Aonel Dimick, and obtained the services of Colonel Wardrops regiment of Massachusetts volun- teers, and at 8 p. m. we were at the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard. As soon as I communicated with Flag-Officer McCauley I ascertained that all the officers in public employment here, being Southern men, had tendered their resignations and abandoned their duty. The workmen on the preceding day had absented themselves from the usual muster, and such people as came into the yard clandestinely possessed them. selves of the arms belonging to the Government. An angry feeling toward the Government was known to exist amongst the people of Portsmouth and Norfolk. Many were enrolled in military companies, and a force of some two or three thousand men were said to be assem- bled for the purpose of taking the navy yard when their preparations were completed. The powder of the Government had been taken from the magazine near Norfolk, and reports were circulated of batteries N W RYOL 41 Page 290 290 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. being established along the shore approaches to the navy yard. At two different points where the main channel is narrow, at Craney Island and Sewells Point, numerous hulks and other obstructions were snnk, three of the light-boats having been nsed for that pnrpose; and the work was still going on, each day rendering the difficulty of the passage greater, the object being to prevent the men-of-war at the navy yard from leaving the port. The Merrimack, steamer of fifty guns, had been fully repaired, and, with the exception of her battery and stowage of her hold, was ready to put to sea when orders were given a few days previous to take her nuder the shears to put her guns on board. The order was countermanded npon the representation of certain parties that such a proceeding would certainly bring on a collision with the people outside of the yard, and nothing further was done. The sloop of war Germantown was alongside of the yard, completely equipped for sea, requiring nothing more than a crew. The Plymouth, sloop also, of twenty guns, was in a similar state of preparation, and a few hours would have placed the Dolphin in a condition to have gone to sea. The guns in the yard and at St. Helena [Va.], with the exception of about 200, had been spiked, as well as all on board the ships, except five heavy guns on a side on board the Pennsylvania. The shells of these were drawn after my arrival and they were also spiked. The estimated number of ordnance of all calibers at this place is about 3,000, and of these some 300 are the latest pattern of Dahlgren guns, some of large caliber. They could not be removed, and there was no effectual means of rendering the Dahlgren guns wholly unserviceable. One hundred men worked for an hour with sledge hammers, and such was the tenacity of the iron that they did not succeed in brGaking a single trunnion. In carrying out the orders of the Department it was my intention to have placed the vessels named in the channel to protect it from further obstructions, and at my convenience take them under the guns of Fortress Monroe, or send them to sea, as might be most expedient. Greatly to my regret, however, I found that these vessels had all been scuttled about two or three hours before my arrival, and were sinking so fast that they could not be saved. Iii view of this condition of things there were but two alternatives presented to my mindthe first, to leave the navy yard and ships in the hands of people hostile to the Government, for it was apparent that the yard could not be held by our available means of defense; or, using the power with which I was invested, destroy the public property of every description. I was not long in adopting the latter expedient, and when all the arrangements were made and the tide served to remove the frigate Gumberland, I took h~r in tow, and when she was out of danger from the fire gave the concerted signal, and in a few mTnutes afterwards the ships and buildings in the yard were in flames. Lieutenant Henry A. Wise was charged with burning the ships, and no officer could have performed the duty more efficiently. The dry dock was mined, and this duty was assigned to Captain Wright, of the Engineers, and Com- mander Rodgers, of the Navy. It is a source of deep regret to me that neither of these gentlemen reached the boat with which Captain Wilkes was charged to bring off the parties who were operating in the yard. Of this service Captain Wilkes had the superintendence. I trust that these gentlemen may have made their way into the country, and will thus escape. Both are men ~f distinguished merit, and it is much to be regretted that the Government should be deprived of their services even for a brief period. Having anchored the Gumberland above the barrier at Sewells Point, the .Pawnee proceeded to Fortress Monroe Page 291 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 291 where she landed Colonel Wardrop and his regiment. To him and his men my thanks are due for their manly and military bearing under cir- cumstances of great discomfort, and I doubt not that a just reliance may be placed upon their gallantry and patriotism. At Fortress Monroe I found the steanier Keystone State, of Philadelphia, in command of Lieutenant Maxwell Woodhull, who in less than forty. eight hours from the date of his orders had chartered, manned, and armed his vessel and arrived at the point of his destination. Without the aid of these powerful steamers we should have been greatly embarrassed and the Gumberland placed in imminent peril. Soon after my arrival at the navy yard a flag of truce came from General Taliaferro, commanding the military forces of Virginia. The pnrport of his message was that to save the effusion of blood the general would permit the Cumberland to leave the port unmolested if the destruction of the public property should be discontinued. To this I responded that any act of violence on their part would devolve upon them the consequences. In coming out with the Gumberland she brought up in crossing the wrecks off Sewells Point and hung for some hours, and was finally dragged off by the chartered tngs Yankee and Keystone State. I have instructed Flag-Officer Pendergrast to anchor in mid-channel off Fortress Monroe until the pleasure of the Department shall be made known to him, believing it important to have a watch kept upon certain armed steam- ers said to have made their appearance in that ~4cinity. The Pawnee and Keystone State left Fortress Monroe at 7:30 a. m. on the 22d and arrived at the Washington navy yard at about 2 p. m. this day. The officers who served under my command in the performance of the duty devolved upon me have a claim upon the respectful consideration of the Government for the intelligence, energy, and patriotism with which they gave me their support and assistance. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. PAULDING, (Jomdg. U. S. Naval Forces in the Waters of Virginia, pro tern. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosure.] List of officers attached to and found on duty at the navy yard, Yorfolk, Va., and on board the receiving ship Pennsylvania on the night of April 20, 1862. Flag-Officer Charles S. McCauley, commandant of the station. Commander John W. Livingston, commander in the yard; recently reported for duty. Lieutenant-Colonel .James Edelin, U. S. Marine Corps, commander marine guard of the yard. Lieutenant T. B. Edelin, U. S. Army. Lieutenant E. Donaldson, U. S. Navy, senior officer remaining on board the Penn- sylvania. Lieutenant John Irwin, U. S. Navy, receiving ship Pennsylvania, recently arrived. Lieutenant W. N. Allen, U. S. Navy, volunteer on board the Pennsylvania. Surge on J. Rudenstein, of the Pennsylvania. Sailmaker [Geo.] Thomas, of the Pennsylvania. Lieutenant A. A. Semmes, U. S. Navy, temporarily in command of the brig Dolphin. List of officers attached to the Norfolk naval station who resigned. Commanders R. G. Robb, J. R. Tucker, Thomas 12. Rootes, and Arthur Sinclair. Lieutenants C. B. Poindexter, G. T. Sinclair, C. F. M. Spotswood, and William Sharp. Surgeons [Win. B.] Sinclair and II. F. Mason. First Lieutenant A. N. Baker, U. S. marines Page 292 292 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. List of persons who deserted. Captain J. C. Rich, Marine Corps, of the Pennsylvania. Carpenter [John T.] Rustic. Master at Arms Enoch Cherry. Ships Corporal Wade. List of persons who refused to defend the U. S. ship Pennsylvania and who were sent a8hOre by Lieutenant Commanding Donaldson. William Ballantine and William McLean, ordinary seamen. Heilman, private, marine. Livingston, hospital steward. Abstract log of the Li. S. S. Pawnee, April 2023, 1861. April 20.1861.Steaming down the Potomac. At 2:30 p. m. rounded to off Fortress Monroe. At 5:15 the Third Massachusetts Regiment, Colonel Wardrop, marched out of Fortress Monroe and embarked on this ship to the number of about 349, rank and file. Observed a rium- ber of vessels sunk in the narrow part of channel off Sewells Point, for the purpose of obstructing navigation. At 6:45 steaming up toward Norfolk. Passed the obstructions in the channel without diffi. culty. Kept men at ajziarters, guns loaded. At 8 p. m. ran alongside the navy-yard wharf, to the northward of first ship house. Hailed by the U. S. ship Pennsylvania, who greeted our arrival with three cheers. The flagship Gumberland did likewise. At 8:10 Lieutenant Command- ing Donaldson, of the receiving ship Pennsylvania, came aboard and informed us that all the vessels at the yard had been scuttled and the machinery of the Merrimack completely disabled this afternoon, to prevent their falling into the hands of the insurgents, who had for some time past been making demonstrations against the public property at the navy yard. Flag Officers McCauley and Pendergrast came on board. Sent parties to various parts of the yard to secure, remove, or destroy public property liable to fall into the hands of the insurgents. A large party went ashore to knock trunnions off guns; succeeded in breaking a few off. Received from the Pennsylvania four boxes of arms; also a detachment of thirty-four, rank and file, of marines, with bags and accouterments. Sent the Massachusetts volunteers ashore in the navy yard. Sent marines brought from marine barracks at Washington to relieve marines belonging to the yard; the latter transferred to the Cumberland. Placed guard at the main entrance to yard, and others patrolled the yard. April 21.Commences and till 4 a in.; making preparations for setting fire to the ship houses, ships, and storehouses, and destroying the dry dock. Landed all the turpentine, powder, and waste received on board from the Anacostia on Friday last. Reembarked the marines and the Massachusetts regiment. Sent parties in charge of Captain Wilkes, Commanders Sands, Rodgers, and Alden, and Captain Wright, of U. S. Engineers, for carrying on the preparations above mentioned. At about 2 a. m. the marine barracks were set fire to. At 3:30 hauled off from the wharf and prepared to take the flagship Cumberland in tow. At 4:15 a. m the Cumberland, having the steam tug Yankee alongside, succeeded in getting a hawser to this ship and slipping her cable. We got underway and commenced steaming down to Hampton Roads. At 4:20 sent up a rocket, and the ships, buildings~ etc., were fired. Sent all hands to quarters, opened the magazine and shel Page 293 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 293 rooms and manned the starboard battery, the marines being all on deck under arms. Steaming slowly down, passed by the cities of Ports- month and Norfolk unmolested, the flames of the burning buildings at the yard illuminating the vessels and the town perfectly. Steaming slowly to allow the boats to come alongside. Captain Wilkes and Commanders Sands and Alden and their parties returned on board, but reported their inability to bring off Commander Rodgers and Captain Wright, U. S. Engineers. At (5 approached barriers in the channel, and found new obstructions placed there since we passed last evening. Determined to anchor the Gumberland and examine the channel, which was done. This ship passed the obstructions without touching any. thing. At 6:15, when near the wharf at Fortress Monroe, discovered the steamer Keystone State, with men and marines on board, under command of Lieutenant M. Woodhull, standing in. Spoke her. At 8 came alongside of wharf. From 8 to meridian: iDebarked the Third Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, who returned to Fort Monroe. Keystone State went to assistance of Gumberland. Lieutenant Chaplin went aboard to pilot her through the barriers. At 2:30 p. m. Flag- Officer Paulding left this ship. Hauled down the blue flag. At 3 the Keystone State, bearing the flag of Flag-Officer Paulding, got underway. April 22.From 4 to 6 p. in.: Standing up the Potomac River. At 9 anchored. A light-boat on fire up the river. April 23.Light-boat still burning. At 10 a. m. passed Mount Ver- non; went through the usual ceremonies. At 10:30 the Keystone State informed us that there were batteries planted at Alexandria. Went to quarters and made preparations for action. Passed Alexandria with- out seeing any batteries. Ran aground off the arsenal~ off by a tugboat to the navy yard (Washington). were towed Report of Captain Wilkes, U. S. Navy, regarding the destruction of the Norfolk navy yard. U. S. S. PAWNEE, April22, 1861. SIR: Agreeably to your orders, I submit the following report of the circumstances and events which have taken place under your orders of the 20th for the relief of the frigate Gumberland and the vessels of the Navy at the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard. In the first place, I must state that the instructions given by you relative to the destruction of private property, or anything that in any way could be construed as an aggression on individuals or their property, was fully impressed on your whole command, and it affords me great pleasure to state that all acted up both to the spirit and literal construction of these orders~ and it was expressly understood that in no event were hostile measures to be resorted to unless imiitiated by the authorities and people. On the information possessed of the actual situation of the vessels and force at the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard, the following detail of officers for- the duties was made. The vessels known to be under repairs and serviceable were the following, with the officers who were to be attached to them, and whose duty it was to prepare them for immediate depar- ture, viz: Steam frigate MerrimackCaptain [Charles] Wilkes, Commander [B. F.] Sands, Lieutenants [H. A.] Wise and [A. W.] Johnson, Chief Engineer [J. W.] King. Sloop of war GermantownCommander [W. M.] Walker, Lieutenants [S. L.] Phelps and [G. U.] Morris Page 294 294 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Sloop of war PlymouthCommander [John] Rodgers, Lieutenants [William] Gibson and [C. P.] IVlcGary. Brig DolphinCommander [James] Alden, Lieutenant J. II. Russell. The men were apportioned to these vessels as follows, viz: Merri- mack, 50; Germantown, 40; Plymouth, 30; Dolphin, 20; besides the marines to be detailed. At 6:45 p. m. we left Fortress Monroe, having taken on board the Massachusetts regiment, Colonel Wardrop, 360 strong, who had previ- ously arrived, and stood up for Norfolk. Off Sewells Point we easily passed the obstruction which had been sunk to prevent the exit of our war vessels. If we had adopted the same means (which it was abun- dantly in our power to have done, by sinking in the channel the large vessels in ordinary) we could have annihilated the harbor of Norfolk for fifty years. The Pawnee reached the navy-yard wharf without any. opposition or disturbance whatever. The crews of the Pennsylvania and Gumberland received us with many hearty cheers, which were patri- otically returned from those on board the Pawnee. In obedience to your order I waited upon Commodore McCauley, with Captain Wright, of the Engineer Corps of the Army, reported your arrival with assistance, and introduced Captain Wright as the officer charged with the defense of the yard. Commodore McCauley informed me that he had been deserted by all his officers, including an officer of marines, and that the yard was without defense- that he had no one to rely upon, and desired me to report that he had scuttled all the ships about 4 oclock p. m. and had destroyed a large amount of property to prevent them from falling into the hands of the disaffected, led on by the same officers who had left him. This caused an immediate change in your orders to me, and an endeavor to stop the sinking of the vessels and their further destruc- tion. Commander Walker, with other officers, was directed to make the examination, with the aid of the carpenter of the Cumberland, report their condition, and if their sinking could be prevented; but in all except the Dolphin it was found to be impossible. The leak in the lat- ter was arrested, when your orders followed to prepare for the destruc- tion of the property. Officers were detailed immediately to carry it into effect. One hundred men were sent by Commodore Pendergrast from the Cumberland to assist, divided into several gangs, to reilder the new guns unserviceable- but after some time spent therein it was found that the metal of the guns was so superior as to resist all and the most powerful efforts to break off the trunnions. They were spiked and ren- dered, as far as the time would permit, nnserviceable. Commander Rodgers and Captain Wright, of the Engineer Corps, volunteered for the destruction of the dry dock, and the powder an~ necessary tools were transported by a detachment of forty men. of the Massachusetts troops, detailed by Colonel Wardrop for this purpose. Lieutenant Rus- sell was sent, under orders of Commander Rodgers, to act as his aid, by which communication could be kept open. Mr. King, engineer in chief, also volunteered for this service. Commander Alden was directed to prepare for the destruction of the storehouse, shops, buildings, etc., around the yard, including the barracks; Commander Sands, to prepare for the destruction of the ship houses and their contents, and, when ready, to report; Lieutenants Wise, Phelps, Gibson, McGary, and Mor- ris, to prepare the several vessels of the Navy for destruction and to distribute the material provided for that purpose on board the several vessels designated by you; and trains were laid on the Plymouth, Mer- rimack, Germantown, Raritan, Columbia, brig Dolphin, and Pennsylvania, in the order in which they lay moored. The ship Delaware was left ou Page 295 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 295 in consequence of the distance she lay off, and the frigate United States was in so decayed a condition that it was deemed unnecessary to waste the material of turpentine upon her. At 1:45 a. m. it was reported to me by Commanders Rodgers, Alden, and Sands that all was ready, and directions were given that all the men that could be spared should be sent on board immediately, retaining only those necessary to ignite the material, and that the signal would be a rocket from the Pawnee, to be ordered by yourself. The troops and marines were rapidly embarked, when it was reported to you by the youngest son of Commodore McCau. ley, tears streaming down his cheeks, that his father refused to vacate his post, and declined all inducement to do so. Commander Alden was selected by you to make the endeavor to induce him to yield, and to state that it was your intention speedily to fire the buildings and his life must be lost. This last effort succeeded, and he was induced with great reluctance, to remove to the (Jumlwrland. All the shore parties having been withdrawn, two boats belonging to the Guinberland were alongside. One was put under the direction of Lieutenant Wise, with Lieutenant Phelps, to fire the trains on the appointed signal being given. The other I embarked in with Lieutenant Russell to await the signal an(1 bring oft those who were left, viz, Commander Rodgers and Captain Wright, of the Engineer Corps, and John Reynolds, ordinary seaman; Commander Alden and Samuel Williams, Commander Sands, Samuel Watson, and John Noble; in all, eight persons. The rendezvous was carefully pointed out and made known to all of them. The Pawnee left the wharf at 2:25 a. in., winded, and hawsers were passed from the Cumberland for the purpose of towing her out. At 4 oclock, after a detention of nearly two hours, the Cumberland slipped her moorings, and both vessels stood out and down the harbor. At 4:20 the signal was made and the torch applied, and in a few minutes the whole area of the yard was one sheet of flamethe two ship houses and the whole line of stores, as well as the Merrimack. The marine barracks had by some accident caught fire at an early hour, but we purposely avoided any attempt to extinguish the flames, fearful lest the fire might com- municate with the ship houses, and thus involve both the Cumberland and Pawnee in destruction. The station I had chosen for the boat was just ahead of the Germantown and at the end of the eastern ship house. The Merrimack lay close astern of the Germantown, and the fire soon reached her rigging and spars. In a few minutes Commander Alden and his man and Commander Sands and his two men joined me. The flames were making rapid progress, and all attention was turned toward the direction from whence Commander Rodgers and Captain Wright were to come. The conflagration was rapid, in vast sheets of flames, and dense smoke, which enveloped us from the Merrimack, soon made it evident that it would be impossible for anyone to pass through it; yet they might have made the attempt to reach us. It was a painful anxiety to see every moment the chances of their escape diminishing. Our own safety was not thought of until all hope or chance of their joining us was at an end. Then, and with great reluctance, I gave the order to shove off. As we emerged from the smoke we caught sight of Lieutenant Wises boat, which appeared as if passing through the flames. At this time the mast and spars of the Germantown were on fire, and portions of her hull enveloped in the flames from the Merri- mack. I directed the boats to pull out, and was followed by Lieutenant Wise, the large flakes of fire falling around us. We had scarcely got beyond the ship Pennsylvania, which was the lowest vessel, when the flames from the lower ship house, under which we had been lying, reache Page 296 296 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. her sides, and shortly after she was enveloped in flames. The boats followed the vessels, and did not reach them until oft Craney Island, when I reported to you the service performed, and the absence of Com- mander Rodgers and Captain Wright and the man Reynolds, and with this exception the return of the whole party without accident or injury. In the performance of this duty it affords me the highest gratifica- tion to bear witness to the zeal, coolness, and energy with which the officers placed under my orders have behaved, and the devotion exhib- ited to the country and Union. Much of the successful accomplishment of the duties are due to the assistance and arrangement of Commander Rowan and his officers, to whom I feel also personally greatly indebted for his hospitality and attentions. I must not omit to bring to your notice the alacrity with which the detachment from Colonel Wardrops regiment performed the duty for which they volunteered. I enclose you the names* of the three men whose conduct has been reported to me by their officers as deserving notice for their conduct under the exciting duty they had to perform. Believing that I have given you a full detail of all the circumstances which passed under my notice, and the performance of the duties with which you intrusted me, I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ChARLES WILKES, Captain, U. ~. Navy. Flag-Officer HIRAM PAULDING, U. S. Navy. Report of Captain H. G. Wright, U. S. Engineer Corps, relative to the destruction and abandonment of I~orfolk navy yard. WASHINGTON, ID. C., April 26, 1861. COLONEL: I have the honor to report that in obedience to the instructions following, received from the Headquarters of the Army on the 19th instant, I proceeded on the evening of the same day, on the U. S. S. Pawnee, to Fort Monroe, where we arrived the next day at about 2 oclock p. in., and communicated with the commanding officer, Colonel iDimnick. The object of the expedition was to secure to the United States, if possible, the navy yard and property at Norfolk, with the ships of war then in that harbor; and, in furtherance of that object, my instructions authorized me to call upon the commanding officer at Fort Monroe for such force, to the extent of one regiment, as he could spare from the garrison without jeopardizing the safety of the fort. He accordingly assigned to the expedition one ~of the two regi- ments which had that morning arrived. This regiment, about 370 strong, under Colonel Wardrop, was promptly marched on board, and late in the afternoon the steamer proceeded to Norfolk, where she arrived some time after dark the same evening, the 20th instant. On reaching the yard it was found that all the ships afloat, except the (lumberland, had been scuttled by order of Commodore McCauley, the commandant of the yard, to prevent their seizume by the Virginia forces, and that they were fast sinking. One of the objects of the expedition, that of removing those vessels and taking them to sea, was therefore frustrated. On reporting to the commodore of the yard I found him disposed to th4end the yard and property to the last, and the troops were accord- * Not found Page 297 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 297 ingly landed and some dispositions for defense taken. It w~s soon determined, however, by Commodore Paulding, who had come on the Pawnee from Washington, to finish the destruction of the scuttled ships, to burn and otherwise destroy, as far as practicable, the prop- erty in the yard, and withdraw with the frigate (urn borland, in tow of the Pawnee and a steam tug which was lying at the yard. To Commander John Rodgers, of the Navy, and myself was assigned the duty of blowing up the dry dock, assisted by forty men of the vol- unteers and a few men from the crew of the Pawnee. The dock, which is a massive structure of granite masonry, has a pumping gallery run- ning along the back of one of the side walls, entering from the level of the bottom near the entrance gate, and terminating, as is understood in the pumping house near the farther end of the dock. Under the cir- cumstances, of want of time for preparation and the darkness of night, this gallery offered the only means for the establishment of a mine. Had the dock been full of water this advantage could not have beeu availed of, but we found in it a depth of only about 2 feet. We accordingly proceeded to construct in this gallery a platform of such materials as could be collected to a height above the surface of the water, and on this we placed the powder (2,000 pounds) which we had brought from the ship, established a train from the gallery to the out- side, and connected with it four separate slow matches. Everything being arranged, all the men were sent to the ship, except one of the crew of the Paunee, who was retained to watch for the signal from the commodore for lighting the matches and returning to the ship. On the signal the matches were lighted by Captain Rodgers and myself, and we made the best of our.way toward the landing; but before we could reach it the flames of the burning buildings had become so intense that the boats had undoubtedly been driven off, and, indeed, we could not approach it. After some delay we succeeded in getting out of the yard through the burning gateway, and seized a boat in the hope of making our escape by the river. We had proceeded but a short distance, however, when several shots were fired at us from the Portsmouth side, and as the armed force was rapidly accumulating against us at a point below, where the river was narrow, and where we should have had to pass within effective musket range, we concluded to land on the Norfolk side and deliver ourselves up to the commanding general of the Virginia forces. He received us very kindly and cour- teously and on giving him our parole he provided us with comfortable quarters at the Atlantic Hotel. This was on Sunday morning about 6 oclock. On Monday at noon he sent us with an officer to Richmond, where we were most kindly tniated by the governor amid his family and by the gentlemen there present from the various parts of Virginia. We remained as guests of the governor on parole till Wednesday, the 24th, when we were released, and on Thursday morning we left for Washington. To Governor Letcher our especial thanks are due for the uniform kindness and consideration with which he treated us. Probably to protect us from any annoyance from the populace of Richmond, he accompanied us to the cars at 6 oclock in the morning, and to further shield us from possible annoyance along the road he detailed two offi- cers of the Virginia forces to conduct us safe to Washington, where we arrived yesterday betweemi 4 and 5 oclock p. m. From what we could learmi in Norfolk 1 am of the opinion that the attempt to destroy the docl~ did not succeed. We were told that th Page 298 298 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. mine did explode and that it did not. Three separate explosions took place after we got clear of the yard, one of which I presumed at the time to have been the dock mine; yet, after considering all the contra- dictory rumors, it seems probable that the structure is uninjured. In addition to this report, I desire to submit a rather more extended narrative, which may possess some interest, hereafter. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. G. WRIGHT, Captain of Engineers. Lieutenant Colonel E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General, fldqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C. Letter from Captain Paulding, U. S. Navy, to the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting orders issued during his expedition to Norfolk, Va. INAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 24, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to submit the accompanying report* and copies of orders issued by me during my absence under your ordert of April 18. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. PAULDING, Captain. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosures.] U. S. S. KEYSTONE STATE, Hampton Roads, April .22, 1861. SIR: I have to request that you will transfer to the Pawnee, Com- mander S. C. iRowan, from the crew of the receiving ship Pennsylvania now on board the Cumberland, six seamen and six ordinary seamen. Fill up deficiency in your own crew, and send the residue, on board the steam tug Yankee, to the U. S. ship North Carolina, at New York, provided the master will undertake to deliver them on his arrival along- side of that vessel. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. PAULDING, Commanding U. S. Naval Forces in the Waters of Virginia. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST Commanding Bioine Squadron. U. S. S. KEYSTONE STATE, April 22. 1861. SIR: You will transfer to this vessel, for passage to Washington City, the marines, with their arms, ammunition, etc., received on board the Pawnee from the receiving ship Pennsylvania at Norfolk, Va. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. PAULDING, L1ommanding the Naval Forces in the Waters of Virginia. Commander STEPHEN C. ROWAN, Commanding U. S. S. Pawnee. 5Seop. 289. tSeep. 282 Page 299 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 299 U. S. S. KEYSTONE STATE, April 22, 1861. Sn~: You will transfer to this vessel Major Edelin and his command of marines, for passage to Washington City. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, II. PAIJLDING, Commanding U. S. Naval Forces in the Waters of Virginia. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGEAST Commanding Home Squadron. STEAM TUG KEYSTONE STATE, Off Sewells Point, Va., April 22, 1861. SIR: I send a pilot to the Cumberiand, and you will, when the tide serves, get underway and anchor in mid-channel off Fortress Monroe until the further pleasure of the Department is known. I am informed that one or more armed vessels have been seen in this vicinity, coming from James River, and would suggest to you the importance of vigi- lance in the detention of all such vessels. Be pleased to send on board this steamer the arms and ammunition sent on board the Cumberland from the navy yard at Gosport [Norfolk], Va., for safe-keeping. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. PAULDING, Commanding the Naval Forces in the Waters of Virginia. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron. NoTE.Vessels of all descriptions, carrying arms or armed men, not belonging to the Government of the United States. U. S. S. KEY$TONE STATE, April 22, 1861. SIR: On your arrival in the Pawnee at Washington City you will report yourself with your command to Colonel Harris at headquarters. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. PAULDING, Commanding U. S. Naval Forces in the Waters of Virginia. Lieutenant A. S. NICHOLSON, U. S. Marine Corps, U. S. S. Pawnee. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Alden, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. South Carolina, to forward report of duty performed by him in connection with destruction of Norfolk navy yard. NAVY DEPARTMENT, October 28, 1861. SIR: No written report has ever been received from you in regard to the service rendered in April last, on special duty at and about the time of the destruction of the public property at Norfolk. As the event was one of no ordinary importance, and the part you were called upon to perform a marked feature in it, you will, as early as you conveniently can, forward your report to the Department, commencing with the order detailing you, and your proceeding and observations to the close. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commander JAMES ALDEN, (Jommanding Steamer South Carolina, Gulf Blockading Squadron Page 300 300 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Commander Alden, U. S. Navy, regarding special duty in connection with U. 8. 8. Merrimack and the destruction of the Norfolk navy yard. U. S. S. SOUTH CAROLINA, Gulf illockading Squadron, off Barataria, November 30, 1861. SIR: In accordance with the instructions of the Department dated October 28, and just received, I have the honor herewith to make the following report in regard to my proceedings arid observations in April last, on special duty at and about the time of the destruction of the public property at Norfolk: On the 11th of April I received at the Navy Department in Washing- ton two sets of ordersone, which was to go on file, simply ordering me to report to Commodore McCauley for temporary duty, and the other directing me to take the Merrimack to Philadelphia for repairs. This last order, or private instructions, was written by the chief clerk him. self, and it was intended that no one else, either about the Department or elsewhere, should, on account of the excitement at Norfolk, know of their existence; still, to my surprise, all Norfolk seemed to be full of it when I arrived there, a~nd they had made up their minds to stop the ship, having already placed obstructions in the river and set on foot other warlike preparations. Finding that my movements in the city were watched so closely, and the attitude of the people toward me so threatening, I destroyed my private instructions and took up my abode at the navy yard to wait for the ship. On Thursday, the 18th, Mr. Isherwood reported that the Merrimack, so far as her machinery was concerned, was ready to start. He had steam up and the engines working at the wharf. I therefore called upon Commodore McCauley and reported to him that the ship was ready and that I only waited for his permission to take her. He hesitated at first; said he had not made up his mind about it; that he thought he should require her for the defense of the yard; he could put her guns on board of her, when she would be a formidable battery in any attack that might be made. He thought, too, that the obstructions which had been placed in the river were enough to stop her. In reply to this last objection I told him that Lieutenant Murray, first lieutenant of the Cumberland, had, at my request, examined the barrier and sounded the whole thing out that morning before daylight, and had found a place wide enough and deep enough to take the ship through. This seemed to make some impression upon the commodore, and then, upon my appealing tO him in the strongest terms to let me have the ship, and setting forth the peremptory nature of the orders of the Navy Depart- ment, he turned to Commodore Pendergrast and Captain Marston, of the (Jumberland, who were present, and asked their advice in the matter, when it was decided that I might take the ship and make the attempt, at least, to get her out. Finding that she had no guns on board, I asked the commodore for two fieldpieces, which he told me to get from Commander Tucker, the ordnance officer of the yard; and there being no men either on board of her or the receiving ship, I asked Commodore Pendergrast for thirty, to be returned as soon as the Merrimack was anchored under the guns of Fortress Monroe, which he readily assented to. Captain Marston then left the office to get them ready. I soon followed him to make my preparations for starting, and sent an order on board to be ready to cast off in two hours. So fully impressed was I by the thickening atmosphere of treason around me that nothing but prompt and immediate action would save even so much of that vast amount of property, that I instructed Lieutenant Alexander Murray Page 301 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 301 who had volunteered to accompany me as far as Fortress Monroe, to go on with his ncgotiations with a certain pilot for taking the ship out, authorizing him to offer $1,000 for the Merrimack and twice that sum, together with a place in the Navy for life, if we succeeded in getting the Germantown out also. J then went iu pursuit of the ordnance and executive officers of the yard. The first named threw all sorts of obstacles in the way of my getting the guns, and the other could not be found. The first lieutenant, in answer to my application to have the ship winded and fasts singled, as she was chained to the wharf with her head npstream, said I must apply to Commander Robb, whom I soon after met coming out of the commandants office with the inteliigence that I could not have the ship; that the commodore had altered his mind and ordered the fires to be drawn. Unwilling to believe in the correctness of Com- mander Itobb~s statement, whose loyalty I liad begun to doubt, I called upon the commodore again and lound it was too true; the fatal order had been given which resnlted in the loss to us of one of the finest ships in the Navy. Finding that my mission was ended, I obtained leave from the commodore, and the same night proceeded to Baltimore,. arriving early next morning (the 19th) at Washington, when I made a verbal report to you, as well as to the Cabinet, which was then in session, and before which I was called, of all the facts of the case, which were sub. stantially the same as are contained in this report. I then received a verbal order to join the expedition which was at that time fitting out, and which left Washington the same evening in the Paunee for Norfolk. Occupying a subordinate place in it, and presuming that the senior offi- cers have made full and circumstantial reports of all that subsequently occurred, it will hardly be expected or necessary for me to go into par- ticulars, and I therefore shall touch upon only one circumstance in that connection, which will be to show that Commodore McCauley was fully nnder the impression that we had gone there with our force to hold and protect the yard. With that comforting idea he had gone to rest with his brave little boy at his side for the first time after many sleepless and anxious nights; but when I called upon him after midnight to tell him that the time for his departure had come, that we were about to apply the torch to the yard, he was completely overcome with chagrin and mortification, and exceedingly averse to leaving his post without first making some stand to defend the yard against any and all comers. As the question, Why didnt the commodore let yon (me) have that ship i has been often asked, coupled always with an expression of the utmost confidence in his honor and patriotism, I must beg leave, althongh this report has assumed proportions much larger than I intended, to record my opinion of the influences at work in the commo- dores mind. I believeindeed, I knowthat the old hero who has fought so well for his country could have none but the best and purest motives in all he did; but he was surrounded by masked traitors, whom he did not suspect, and in whose advice he thought there was safety; the cry, too, was raised, and in everybodys mouth, officers and all, If they move that ship (the Merrimack) it will bring on a collision with the people outside, who are all ready, if anything of the kind is done, to take the yard. Besides, Comm odore Paulding, whom I accom- panied to Norfolk, expressed the idea that if we could not do anything better she (the Merrimack), with her guns on board, would make a good battery for the defense of the yard. This opinion influenced Commo- dore McCauley not a little. Again, seeing me alone and single-handed, with no pilot even (the governor of the State having forbidden their taking any men-of-war to sea), might he not be excused, under the ci Page 302 302 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. cumstances, for doubting my power to carry that large ship safely through a narrow channel and across a barrier which these traitors had represented to him to be impassable? His remark when he told me to take the ship I am sure will justify such a conclusion, although I am certain I could have gotteu the ship out. He said, after hesitating some time, Take her, and if you cant get her out burn ~ show- ing that he had doubts of my ultimate success, and knowing at the same time that if she once got beyond his reach she would be lost to him as a defense to the yard, and if I, in carrying out his instructions, got into trouble and found it necessary to burn her, she would be an entire loss to the Government. In conclusion, I must not let the opportunity pass without bringing to your notice th~ services of Lieutenant Murray, of the Cumberland, who came forward with the utmost promptness and offered his aid in any maimer in which it could be made available. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES ALDEN, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Testimony of Hon. Isaac Toucey before the committee of the United States Senate appointed to enquire into the circumstances attending the destruction and abandonment of the navy yard at Norfolk, Va. Hon. ISAAC TOUCEY having been sworn, in answer to interrogatories gave the following testimony: Examined by Mr. HALE: Question. When were you Secretary of the Navy of the United States? Answer. From March, 1857, to March, 1861. Question. When did you first have any apprehensions for the safety of the navy yard at Norfolk, and what measures did you take to secure it? Answer. The navy yard at Gosport [Norfolk] was not, as I thought, in any danger till Virginia should secede from the Union. It was believed to be fully protected by the Pennsylvania, the Plymouth, the Merrimack, and the marines stationed there. The Cumberland had arrived there before the navy yard was abandoned. I had no doubt about the safety of the yard. I took the precaution to send a very capable and faithful officer of the Navy, Captain Powell, upon a secret mission to the yard, to confer with the veteran officer, Commodore McCauley, who was im command there, and to see th~t nothing was wanting to secure its safety. His report was entirely satisfactory to me. I was aware that a considerable portion of the Home Squadron and naval force at home could be called in aid should occasion require it. The Home Squadron was unusually large. It consisted of the Powhatan, Sabine, Brooklyn, St. Louis, Pocahontas, Pawnee, Mohawk, Water Witch, Wyandotte, Crusader, Cumberland, Macedonian, and Supplymost of them steamships. The sloop of war Plymoutk, the practice ship, was in good condition at Norfolk. The steamer Anacostia was in com- mission at Washington The frigate Constitution, having been thoroughly repaired, was anchored at Annapolis in aid of the Naval Academy. The great steamships Colorado, Minnesota, and Mississippi, at Boston, and the Wabash, at New York, had been thoroughlyrepaired and secured and could be put to sea in two weeks; the Merri- mack, at Norfolk, in three weeks, and the Boanoke, in dock at New York, in five or six weeks. Of the above vessels, constituting the ready naval force at home, fifteen are steamers. That force was equal to any emergency likely to arise. I think it could not have been greater without withdrawing or crippling the squadrons on foreign stations and neglecting the protection of our commerce and our citizens in foreign ports. The Mediterranean Squadron consisted of but three ships; the 13ra41 Squad Page 303 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 303 ron of three ships only; the East India Squadron of four ships only; the Pacific Squadron of six ships only for the whole coast of North, South, and Central America; and the African Squadron of seven vessels, being somewhat less than required by our treaty with Great Britain. There were at the navy yard eight old ships of the line not fit for sea service, which might be converted into effective steam frigates, as I recommended in my annual report of December; 1860. There were also five frigates out of repair, which I alsorecommended should be razeed and converted kiLo efficient sloops of war. Both these measures were recommended by a board of naval officers, but Congress did not make the necessary appropriation. There were also six sloops of war which had within a few months previous returned from their regular cruises on the coasts of Africa and South America and the East and West Indies, lying at the navy yards, which perhaps might have been repaired, but the Department had not the means. Congress had cut down the appropriations for the current year a million dollars below the estimates, not anticipating, probably, the necessity which subse- quently occurred. Question. Did you ever receive any notice from any officer of the Navy that further supplies of men or means were wanted at Norfolk for the protection of the yard l Answer. Not to my recollection. Question. Please state as nearly as you can the report which Captain Powell brought to you on his return from Norfolk. Answer. I had a long conference with him, the particulars of which I am unable to recollect. His report, whatever [however], was entirely satisfactory to meI mean as to the safety of the yard. Question. Was the condition of the Norfolk navy yard or the neces- sity of taking measures for its protection ever the subject of Cabinet discussion while you were Secretary of the Navy ~ Answer. I have no personal objection to answering that question, but I think I am not at liberty to do so. I. TOUCEY. Letter from Lieutenant Trenchard, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Keystone State, to Captain flu Pont, U. S. Navy, relative to the destruction of the Norfolk navy yard. Private and confidential.] [U. S. S.] KEYSTONE STATE, New York, April 26, 1861. DEAR CAPTAIN: I write to say that we have just arrived and will return to Washington early on Monday morning, and if you have any dispatches for the Department I will be most happy to take charge of them and deliver them to the Secretary of the Navy. Direct to me at the navy yard, New York. We reached Norfolk too late to participate in the destruction of the navy yard, but I am happy to say that we rendered good service in getting the Gumberland over the sunken vessels on the bar. Commo- dore Panlding hoisted his flag on board and we conveyed him, together with the officers and marines, from the Norfolk yard and Pennsylvania to Washington. We were very much surprised on reaching Washington to find that all the officers attached to the yard, with the exception of the two ord- nance officers, had resigned. Every officer from Virginia and several from Maryland have deserted our ranks. A sad state of things! The mails have been interrupted, the wires cut, and the Departments have had no reliable information from any quarter for several days. The light-boats in the Potomac and off Smiths Point have been burned, and I suppose the next move will be to destroy the light-houses Page 304 304 OPERATIONS ON TIlE ATLANTIC COASIX We have brought up a large mail and will take l)ack to Washington a supply of provisions. I have been appointed by the Department to the command of the Key8tone State, and hope I may be able to render some important serv- ice. I requested that you might be officially informed of the orders. Will you be so kind as to forward me at New York written orders for the officers you detailed for this vessel, so that they may receive their sea pay? Promotions to fill vacancies are to be made at once. Believe me to remain, yours,, very truly, S. D. TRENCHARD. [Captain Du PONT, U. S. Navy.] Truxtun will give you all the news. I send Truxtun on with dispatches for yourself and General Patterson. Report of Sailmaker Maull, U. S. Navy, of his escape from Norfolk. PHILADELPHIA, April 29, 1861. SIR: I would most respectfully beg leave to report that I left Norfolk on Monday evening with loss of my furniture and clothing, which I was obliged to leave in order to escape arrest, which was sought in consequence of acts opposed to the Southern Confederacy and asser- tions I had made loyal to my country. On Sunday and Monday I was sheltered by the foreman of the sail loft, and while there I was several times called for by the very men who in my gang patrolled the yard but a few nights previous. On Monday evening I applied to the mayor for a pass, as I knew I was not safe without it. He referred my case to Colonel Hodges, and he said there was no order issued for my arrest. The mayor asked me if I had resigned. I told him I had. He then asked me if I had anything to do with the destruction of the property. I told him I had miot. Both were false; yet it was the only way to prevent my being taken a prisoner. The men who were watching for me knew better, and to avoid them I disguised myself and went on board the steamer on. the forward gang plank while men were waiting for me at the after one, and on account of my utter destitution I did not reach this city until Saturday. At the time of the evacuation of the yard I had the flags of the Merrimack at my dwelling about half finished~ those I left in charge of Mr. Thomas C. Deans, who was my foreman. He has faithfully promised to take care of them until such time as he can deliver them over to the officers of the Federal Government, but begged that I would not send for them at present, as, if known by the authorities at Norfolk, it would probably cause a confiscation of his property. Address southeast corner of Eighth and Chestnut streets, Philadel- phia. With much respect, I have the honor to be your most obedient servant, WILLIAM N. MATILL, Sailmaker, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the U. S. Navy, Washington, D. U Page 305 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 305 Narrativo of the destruction of the Norfolk navy yard, by Commodore Eiram Paulding, U. 8. Navy. WASHINGTON, 2ifay 2, 1861. My DEAR Sin: I have not seen the editorial in your paper which is spoken of by your friends as evidently a misapprehension of the facts relating to the destruction of the public property at the Norfolk navy yard. I therefore take the liberty to send you a hasty sketch, which is all that I have time to do. On Tuesday I was sent to Norfolk with special dispatches to the offi- cers in command of the yard and frigate Cumberland, and to confer and advise with them. A threatening and hostile spirit seemed to pervade the vicinity of the yard, and the public property seemed in some jeopardy, and all practicable arrangements were made for its defense. The officers on the tJumberland, five commanders and one lieutenant, men that I had known and esteemed for their honor from boyhood, told me that although they were painfully situated they would defend the public property to the last. On the same day this pledge was given I left for Washington, arriving on the day following. With the Secretary of the Navy I went immediately to the President, stated the case of the officers, who were all Southern men, and the President said at once that the officers must be relieved by others from the North. Before any action could be taken the information arrived by the boat on the following day that the officers had all resigned, and that the attempt to put the guns of the Merrimack on her deck was so repre- sented by parties in the yard as being cause of collision by parties from outside that the order was countermanded. The steam was got up on board of her to bring her out of the harbor, a commander and engineers having been sent for that purpose, and her departure was forbidden. It was in this condition of things that I was ordered on Friday, the 19th ultimo to take the war steamer Pawnee, of eight gans, proceed to Norfolk, ana bring from thence the ships of the Govern- ment in readiness for sea. Besides the splendid steamer Merrimack, there was the twenty-gun ship Germantoun, twenty-gun ship Plymouth, and brig Dolphin. On Saturday night at 8 oclock I arrived with the Paunee alongside of the yard, and to my amazement and chagrin found that all these ships had been scuttled two or three hours before, and were fast sinking and could not be saved. This had been done by the officers in command, to save the ships from falling into the handsof those who threatened to take the yard. Armed men were said to be in the vicinity, but I did not see any, nor did I witness any hostile demonstra- tion, except by a flag of truce that promised we should not be molested if we desisted from the destruction of public property. At this time the frigate Gumberland was lying with her broadside bearing on the yard. As vessels were employed night and day in sinking wrecks in two of the narrowest parts of the channel of Elizabeth River, and had already greatly obstructed it, it was apparent that to save the tiumber- land it was necessary to tow her out with the Pawnee, and it was equally apparent that the only way to keep the sunken vessels, hulks, and Government property from falling into the hands of people hostile to the Government of the United States was to destroy it. It was a sad necessity, but deeming it an imperative duty, I did not for a moment hesitate in its performance, and with the Cumberland out of danger, the arrangement having been made, the ships and buildings were fired. This is a plain narrative of the whole transaction. H. PAULDING. N W RVOL 42 Page 306 306 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Confederate reports and correspondence relative Jo the destruction and abandonment of Norfolk navy yard. [Telegram.] NORFOLK, April22, 1861. North left for Charleston to-day; I answer your dispatch. The Penn- sylcania, Merrimack, Germantown, Raritan, Columbia, and Dolphin are burned to the waters edge and sunk. The Delaware, Columbus, and Plymouth are sunk. All can be raised; the Plymouth easily; not much injured. The Germantown crushed and sunk by the falling of shears. Her battery, new and complete, uninjured by fire; can be recovered. The most abominable vandalism at the yard. Destruction less than might be expected. The two lower ship houses burned, with the New York, line of battle ship, on the stocks. Also the rigging loft, sail loft, and gun-carriage depot, with all the pivot gun carriages and many others. No other buildings burned. The metal work of the car- riages will be recovered; most of it good. About 4,000 shells thrown overboard; can be recovered. The Germantowns battery will be up and ready for service to-morrow. In ordnance building all small arms broken and thrown overboard will be fished up. The brass howitzers thrown overboard are up. The Merrimack has 2,200 10-pound cartridges in her magazine in water-tight tanks. The flag of Virginia floats over the yard. Only eight guns, 32-pounders, destroyed; about 1,000 or more from 11-inch to 32-pounders taken, and ready for our cause. Many of them are ready in batteries. We saved about 130 gun carriages; all saved at St. Helena [Va.]. Many thousands of shells and shot, from 11-inch to 32-pounders, safe. All the machinery uninjured. Magazine captured, with 2,000 barrels of powder and vast numbers of shells and quantities of fixed ammunition. An attempt made to blow up the dry dock failed. Everything broken that they could break. Private trunks broken open and officers clothing and that of their wives stolen. Glorious news! General Gwynn just read me a telegram; it comes from a reliable source; the New York Regimen~t, attempting to march through Maryland, was met half waybetween Marlborough and Annapo- lis and cut all to pieces. G. T. SINCLAIR. S. H. MALLORY, Secretary of the Navy. Report of Major-General Taliaferro, of Virgina Provisional Army, to the governor of Virginia, of the occupation of the Norfolk navy yard and regarding affairsin Norfolk. RICHMOND, VA., April 23, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report that in obedience to your orders I proceeded to Norfolk on the night of the 18th instant to assume com- mand of such troops of the State as should be ordered into service at that point, and to determine what course should be pursued with refer- ence to the existing difficulties at that place. I was accompanied by Captain Pegram, of the navy of Virginia, who had been ordered by you to cooperate with me in all necessary naval operations. I reached Norfolk on the morning of the 19th instant and found the city in a state of great excitement, which had proceeded to such an extent that in a meeting of the citizens the affairs of the town had been committed to the management of a committee of safety, composed of some of the most respectable and intelligent citizens Page 307 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 307 The cause of this excitement was the inauguration of certain demon- strations against the Washington Government by the sinking of ships in the harbor by citizens of the town in the channel of the river some 9 miles below the city, thus attempting to prevent the egress of the ves- sels of war from the harbor. I found the military force of the city, none of which had been called into service, to consist of a battalion of volunteers and a few detached companies, in all numbering not a great deal over 300 men, and the force of the town of Portsmouth to consist of a regiment of volunteers of about the same strength. The militia of the two towns were without arms, and there was no naval force in the State service to cooperate with me. The only artillery consisted of a few 6-pounder fieldpieces. The harbor of Norfolk and approaches thereto were entirely unpro. tected against attack from Federal vessels. There were no works in condition at Craney Island, Fort Norfolk, or any point commanding the main channel, and even had these works been in perfect preservation we had no heavy ordnance with which to make them available. On the east, fronting the sea and Lynn Haven Bay, the city was open to attack by a force landing at those points, and a large force had already reen- forced Fort Monroe and might at any time menace the city from that direction. On the other hand, the navy yard, occupying an area of 90 acres and fronting upon Elizabeth River, whilst it was garrisoned by only a small force of marines, and protected on the land side by a trifling brick wall, was commanded and covered entirely by the ships Qf war stretched out along the river, their heavy batteries bearing upon all parts of it. These ships had springs upon their cables with which to maneuver, had net- ting with which to resist boarding, and were using every precaution of guard boats, sentries, etc., to preveiit surprise. The force on the ships and in the yard was about 600 men~ but there was another element of the numerical strength of the place to be con- sidered, in the political opinions and sympathies of many of the oper- atives in the yard not citizens of Virginia. In this condition of affairs the alternative was presented either of attempting to take, by boarding, the ships of war which commanded the yard, or of waiting until such heavy ordnance could be procured as would enable me to erect batteries with which to command the ships, as well as to protect the harbor and keep off reenforcements, and at the same time to give me the opportunity of assembling snch force as could protect the land approaches and justify me in making a del9and for the surrender of the ships and yard, which demand could be enforced if rejected. Notwithstanding the excitement and eagerness of some ill-advised persons for immediate hostile action, I regarded the latter as the wiser plan under the circumstances, subject, however, to be modified by sub- sequent events. To have boarded the ships would have required, by the estimate of some of the most experienced naval officers, at least 800 mensailors, or such men as were familiar with boats. We were entirely without such force, and I regarded it as impracticable to board with volun- teer troops unaccustomed to boats or vessels, unless such force were overwhelming. The marine force in the yard was inappreciable, in my estimate, as it would have required only a few minutes to have overpowered them an Page 308 308 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. possessed ourselves of the yard; but the condition to be satisfied was the ability to hold the place under the batteries of the ships. This I believed impracticable. In this view I was sustained by the opinion, in writing, of Captain Pegram that it would be, in his opinion, unwise to inaugurate offensive operations with less than 5,000 men, unsupported by heavy artillery. Other officers gave much higher estimates. I therefore telegraphed your excellency of the defenseless condition of the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and urged that heavy guns should be sent with which to protect the approaches to the harbor and to arm a fieldwork I had projected at a point called St. Helena, com- manding the naval anchorage and navy yard; and I also ordered the Petersburg battalion, Major [David A.] Weisiger, to proceed to Norfolk, which force, when it arrived, I stationed in the rear of the city of Nor- folk to observe any threatened attack from Fort Monroe. Knowing how important it was to secure a supply of powder for the State, I determined to seize the powder magazine at old Fort Norfolk, and accordingly, on the night of the 19th, I directed Captain [Geo.] Terry Sinclair, of the Navy, to proceed to the magazine with Captain Taylors company of infantry, to be so disposed as to prevent attack; and I directed Captain Harrison, of the Navy, to impress the Glen Cove steamer, and with Captain [Jacob] Vickerys company of artillery and two 6-pounder pieces to watch the harbor and fire into any boats from the navy yard which might attempt to land at the magazine. This duty was performed without any attempt at resistance, and about 1,300 barrels of powdertransferred tolighters and vessels, and sent to Richmond on the 20th. The residue, estimated at over 1,500 barrels, was transported in carts to a point beyond the range of the guns from the water. To accomplish this it was necessary to press into the service of the State all the carts and horses which could be procured. The whole volunteer force of Norfolk, under Major Taylor, was ordered out to aid in removing the powder from the magazine, all of whom worked with extraordinary zeal and uncomplaining patience, notwith- standing the severe labor and danger they encountered. A quantity of ordnance stores were removed at the same time. Ascertaining that one 32-pounder and ten 18-pounder pieces had been found in the 01(1 custom-house, I directed carriages to be immediately constructed for them, and ordered them to be placed in battery at old Fort Norfolk as soon as tho powder was removed. The guns were transported to the fort on the 20th, but were not put into battery until next day. I did not think it prudent at that time to throw up earthworks at Craney Island or any other point, because in answer to my telegrams I was informed that the freshet in James River rendered it impossible to transport the guns from Bellona Arsenal [Va.], and it was useless to expose the working parties to attack until I had pieces to mount, when the works could be speedily erected under cover of night, and without loss. Such was the condition of affairs when, on the night of the 20th, the sloop of war Pawnee, passing the obstructions in the harbor, steamed up to the navy yard with a force of 500. men, shortly after which, under the orders of Flag-Officer Paulding, was inaugurated and in part consummated one of the most cowardly and disgraceful acts which has ever disgraced the Government of a civilized people. The ships of war were sunk, and most of them burned at anchor; the ship houses an Page 309 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 309 some other property fired; and to render the atrocity of the act still greater, the dry dock was mined, and a slow match, which was so arranged as not to ignite the train until onr people should have filled the yard and the works in their efforts to save the Government prop- erty, set fire to and left burning. When this diabolical act had been committed, the steamer, with the Cumberland frigate in tow and the whole command of sailors and marines on board, passed down the river, and in the course of that evening anchored under Fort Monroe. I immediately directed Colonel [Jas. G.] Hodges, with the Portsmouth regiment, to take possession of the navy yard, to endeavor to extin- guish the flames wherever it was possible, and to protect the Govern- ment property. Fortunately, the damage was not so great as that at first appre- hended. Only an inconsiderable portion of the property, with the exception of the ships, was destroyed, and some of the ships may yet be made serviceable. Two officersCaptain Rodgers, of the Navy of the United States, and Captain Wright, of the Army of the United Stateswere taken prisoners, having been cut off from the ships by the flames. These gentlemen I sent, under charge of Major Robins, to this place to await the decision of your excellency as to what disposition should be ulti- mately made of them. On the same morning I directed Colonel [T. M. R.] Talcott, of the Engineers, to proceed with a force of militia and with all the negroes I conld press into the service of the State to erect earthworks at Hos- pital Point; and, under the superintendence of Captain Fairfax, of our Navy, I ordered heavy guns to be placed in battery at old Fort Nor- folk. I also directed Colonel Talcott, under cover of night, to proceed to Craney Island and repair the old works there, and gave orders for the immediate mounting of as many pieces as would be necessary to supply the several works. It was wonderful with what promptness these several orders were executed. Before night, with the large force employed, considerable progress had been made on the works, and many guns were in condition to be placed in position, and with the obstructions in the channel, placed under the supervision of Captain Arthur Sinclair, I regarded the city as safe from any immediate attack. On the night of the 21st I received your order assigning Major-General Gwynn to the command, and on the 22d, in obedience to an order of that date, returned to Richmond. I presume Flag-Officer~Forrest, who was assigned by your order to the command of the navy yard, will make a full report of the damage done to and return a schedule of the property saved and on hand in the yard. I beg to be permitted to speak in the highest terms of commenda- tion of the patriotism and zeal displayed by the citizens in rendering assistance, and of the energy which characterized the commissary and quartermaster departments under the embarrassing circumstances of their immediate organization. The engineer department, under the control of Colonel Talcott, deserves every commendation. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. B. TALIAFERRO, ]Jfajor- General. His Excellency JOHN LETCHER, Governor of Virginia Page 310 310 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from the Attorney-General of the United States to Commodore Paulding, U. S. Navy, transmitting documents relating to seizure of United States funds at the Norfolk navy yard by Captain Forrest, commanding naval forces of Virginia. ATTORNEY-GENERALS OFFICE, May 22, 1861. SIR: I have examined with some care the papers which you handed to me relative to the proceedings of (late) Captain French Forrest to get public money out of the hands of Purser Doran, at Norfolk. I also referred the matter to the U. S. attorney for this district (to whom, indeed, it more properly belonged), who has made his report to the effect that by the laws of this District the process of attachment will not reach the real estate of such a debtor, but his chattel interests only. In prndence, therefore, I decline for the present to direct any action to be brought against Captain Forrest; and I herewith return the papers. I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, EDW. BATES. Commodore PAULDIN~, Navy Department. [Enclosures.] HDQRS. MAJOR-GENERAL Coi~mo-. FORCES IN NORFOLK HARBOR, Norfolk, April 22, 1861. PAYMASTER: You will leave Norfolk by the first train. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, WALTER GWYNN, Major- General, Commanding Forces in Norfolk Harbor. Paymaster DORAN, Federal Navy. N. B.Permission granted to remain two days. NORFOLK, April 23, 1861. SIR: You are hereby prohibited from drawing money from any hands or source in this place or harbor for any purpose connected with the U. S. Government at Washington. And you are further required, with the least practicable delay, to leave this section of Virginia. Respectfully, WALTER GWYNN, Major- General, Commanding Forces in Norfolk Harbor. Purser DORAN, U. S. Navy. NAVY YARD, GOSPORT [NORFOLK], April 23, 1861. SIR: You will turn over to Captain IRootes, of the Virginia navy, all the Federal funds in your possession. By order: Very respectfully, W. F. LYNCH, Adjutant. Paymaster DORAN, Federal Navy Page 311 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 311 NAVY YARD, GOSPORT [NoRFOLK], April 23, 1861. Sn~: I beg leave respectfully to enter this my protest, on behalf of the Government of the United States and my securities, against the seizure of my checks under compulsion, one on the depository, Balti- more, Md., for $18,750, and one on the Assistant Treasurer of the United States, New York, for $10,631, both payable to Captain Thomas iR. iRootes, or order, under your order of this date; also $18.61 in specie. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. ~. DORAN, Commodore F. FORREST, Paymaster, U. S. Navy. Gosport [Norfolk] Navy Yard. GOSPORT NAVY YARD [NORFOLK], April 23, 1861. This is to certify that I have, in the name of the State of Virginia, taken possession of $18,750 in check on Baltimore, and $10,631 in check on New York, Federal property (money), and $18.61 in specie, held by Paymaster iDoran, which he has delivered up under protest. F. FORREST, Commanding Naval Forces of Virginia. GOSPORT [NORFOLK], NAVY YARD, April 25, 1861. Paymaster Edward C. iDoran, of the U. S. Navy, being under arrest by my order as naval commandant at this post, was reqnired to sur- render his papers, credits, money, and whatever else might be under his control belonging to the United States. He protested against this proceeding, but considering that he was bound to comply, I insisted upon his compliance, and informed him that I was determined to enforce it, especially as I discovered from the papers which were taken from him that he had to his credit at the depository at Baltimore, Md., $18,750, and at the office of the Assistant Treasurer in INew York the sum of $10,631, and $18.61 in his strong box in the navy yard at this place. Paymaster Doran, under the circumstances of coercion, in which I had properly placed him, was obliged at last to consent to the follow- ing arrangement: First. To give his draft on the depository at Baltimore and on the Assistant Treasurer at New York for the sums above stated, with the understanding that if the drafts should be paid so much thereof as was due by the United States to the mechanics, laborers, etc., who had been employed in the navy yard, and were entitled to it, and which Mr. Dorans clerk estimated at from $18,000 to $20,000, the exact amount to be ascertained hereafter, should be paid to them, unless I should discover that some of the claimants were untrue to the State of Virginia, as to which I reserved the right to myself, or other authority, to decide upon. Second. To surrender the $18.61 in his strong box. And this is to certify that under these facts Paymaster Doran has given to me a draft on the depository at Baltimore, and another on the Assistant Treas- urer at New York, payable to the order of Captain Thomas 11. Rootes, for the several amounts above stated, making altogether $29,381, and also has paid into my hands $18.61 in coin. F. FORREST, Commandant. Governor JOHN LETCHER, Richmond, Va Page 312 312 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. GOSPORT [NORFOLK] NAVY YARD, April 25, 1861. Paymaster E. C. IDoran having protested against the words unless I should discover that some of the claimants are untrue to the State of Virginia, as being part of the condition assented to by him in giving his checks as specified, this is to explain that I claimed to have them inserted in my certificate of this date as a right I reserved to myself and other competent authority to decide upon as a condition upon which payment should be withheld from the claimants. F. FORREST, Commandant. Extract from a letter dated Commandant8 office, navy yard and station, Go8port, Va., 2d May, 1861, addressed to Commander Thomas B. Bootes, Virginia navy, and signed F Forre8t, commandant. * * * The governor, in pursuance of the suggestion contained in my letter to him upon the subject, directs the appropriation of the moneys turned over to you by Paymaster Doran, of the Federal Navy, to- ward paying the officers, mechanics, and others on the rolls of this estab- lishment while under the control of the Government at Washington. To this end you will transfer to Paymaster William II. Peters the sums thus turned over by Mr. Doran, taking proper receipts therefor. * * * [Endorsement.] MAY 11, 1861. These are originals or copies of papers presented to me by Major IDoran when he arrived in Richmond, and the payment to the employ~s mentioned in the agreement was made by the direction of the executive. JOHN LETCHER. RICHMOND, May 8, 1861. SIR: All search so far for the papers I had the honor of handing to your excellency on Saturday last having proved ineffectual, and as they are of vital importance to me with reference to my obligations to my Government and my securities as a disbursing officer, I would respectfully suggest that they may be restored to me from the records of the office of the major-general commanding the forces in Norfolk harbor and the commandant of the Gosport [Norfolk] navy yard. Should it comport with your views to authorize my visiting Norfolk, with instructions to those officers to grant me a reissue of them, I wilt willingly, under such restrictions as you may decree, p~foceed thither for the purpose of repossessing myself of them, only soliciting a note of safe conduct to go and return. Your reply is earnestly desired. I have the honor to be, governor, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ED. C. IDORAN, Paymaster, U. S. Navy. His Excellency JOHN LETCHER, Governor of Virginia. [Endorsement.] EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, May 8, 1861. Purser IDoran, the bearer of this, has my permission to go to and return from Norfolk, and General Gwynn will see that he receive Page 313 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 313 copies of the papers he desires, and which it is proper he should have to lay before his Government. All citizens are enjoined to treat Purser Doran with respect. JOHN LETCHER. HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES Richmond, Va., May 11, ~I861. SIR: In conformity with the wishes of his excellency the governor of Virginia, I am happy to inform you that you are hereby released from the arrest imposed on you by Flag-Officer Forrest, commanding the naval station at Norfolk. The passport from the governor here- with presented will enable you to travel through the State without molestation. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, li. S. GARNETT, Adjutant- General. Major IDORAN, U. ~ Navy. MAY 11, 1861. Major Doran has permission to pass from Richmond to Washington, and all officers, civil and military, are hereby enjoined to extend to him protection on the route. JOHN LETCHER. Report of commandant navy yavd, New York, regarding convoy of army transports to Washington. NAVY YARD, BROOKLYN [NEW YORK], April 21,1861. SIR: I have to inform the Department that, at the request of the major-general commanding the division, I have directed the Harriet Lane to convoy the transports that leave to-day for Washington. I have directed Captain Faunce to assist the troops in every way in case of resistance. I have also informed the major-general that if he thinks necessary that the transports which may leave to-morrow have convoy I will send the Perry, now ready for sea, on board which iessel I will place a crew from the recruits detained by your order, with some officers for the occasion. I hope my action in the matter will be approved, but fearing that communication with Washington may be interrupted, I must assume the responsibility of departing from instructions in view of the necessity of reenforcing the troops at Washington. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. P. 5.Have I the authority to furnish one or two hundred muskets to troops if I can spare them Page 314 314 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, to Commander Steedman, U. S. Navy, to proceed to duty off Perryville, Md. NAVY YARD, PHILADELPHIA, April 22, 1861. SIR: You will please take charge of a party of twenty-five seamen, ordinary seamen, and landsmen, with a 32-pounder cannon and a 12-pounder howitzer, intended to protect the iron steam ferryboat to be employed in transporting troops from Perryville, on the Susque- hanna, to Annapolis, as I understand. it is impossible to give specific instructions in such a case, nor is it necessary, for I rely on your well- known energy and devotion to the flag of your country. In haste, yours respectfully, S. F. flu PONT, Commandant. Commander CHARLES STEEDMAN, U. S. Navy, Philadelphia. Letter from General Pleasonton, commanding Home Guard of Philadel- phia, to commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding Port ]liliifflin. HEADQUARTERS lloi~n~ GUARD, Philadelphia, April 22, 1861. CAPTAIN: I have detailed a company of 100 men to garrison Fort Muffin and to protect the naval magazine near it. It will be in posi- tion this evening. I will thank you to issue for the use of the said company to Colonel Bradford, quartermaster of the force, 10,000 ball, or ball and buckshot cartridges, which will be accounted for by the city of Philadelphia. A. J. PLEASONTON, Commander Home Guard. Captain S. F. flu PONT, Commandant Navy Yard, Philadelphia. Letter from S. M. Felton, esq., to commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding transportation. PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE It. It. Co., Philadelphia, April 22, 1861. DEAR SIR: I have received your favor and am much obliged to you for it. We shall fit out a train for General Patterson probably about 2 oclock, and you will please send guns and men here as soon as ready, and we will forward them with General Pattersons men. Yours, truly, - S. M. FELTON. S. F. flu PONT, Esq. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander flunter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alleghany, regarding the removal of that vessel to Port Mcffenry. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 22,1861. SIR: You are hereby authorized to employ a steam tug to assist you in removing your ship and securing her to the wharf at Fort Mdllenry Page 315 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 315 when you will dispatch a trusty officer in the same tug to Annapolis with the recruits whose accounts are already made out, and deliver them to the commanding officer on board of the U. S. S[hip] Constitution~ (who will report to Captain Blake), and return to Baltimore immedi- ately. Act with promptness and the utmost discretion, allowing no informality of accounts to delay you. You may slip and buoy your moorings. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commander W. W. HUNTER, Commanding Receiving Ship [Alleghany], Baltimore. Report of Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, regarding measures of protection for the U. S. ship Constitution. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, April 22, 1861. SIR: I beg leave to state that having the most reliable information that it is the determination of a great many people of this State that the Constitution shall be the first ship of war to hoist the flag of the Confederate States, and as she is in a very defenseless condition, I have ordered Lieutenant G. W. Rodgers to take her to New York the moment he is able to proceed to sea. I have asked Brigadier-General Butler to furnish a small detail from his command to assist in taking her round unless the Pocahontas should arrive in time, which I very much hope will be the case. Her own crew consists of but twenty-five men, and but for the presence of General Butlers command she would have been boarded by steamers from Baltimore last night. I trust that my order to Lieutenant Blake, ref to in my informal note of this morning, may be approved by the Department. I need his services very much. Several lieutenants have resigned, nnd the com- mandant of midshipmen is broken down very much by excessive fatigue. I would add that the telegraph to this place is entirely unreliable it being in the hands of persons who communicate everything of impor- tance to the secession cause to a committee of persons in this place who are (levoted to it. I have the honor to be, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE, Hon. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, Superintendent. Washington. [Telegram.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 22, 1861. SIR: You will order such lieutenants as you can spare, together with ten of the oldest midshipmen, to report themselves immediately to this Department for duty. GIDEON WELLES. Captain GEORGE S. BLAKE, Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapoli8, Md Page 316 316 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, of the resignation of the paymaster of the U. S. ship Cumberland. U. S. FLAGSHIP OUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 22, 1861. Sin: I have the honor to inform the Department that the paymaster of this ship having resigned we are left without anyone to discharge the duties of the office. I would therefore be pleased to have the instructions of the Depart- ment in relation to the matter. I would also state that I believe a large amount is at present in the safe, of which the paymaster has the key. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 0-. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding ilome Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of Commander Hunter, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alle- ghany, of his inability to execute Departments order relative to removal of that vessel to Fort McHenry. U. S. SHIP ALLEGHANY, Baltimore, April 23, 1861. I respectfully acknowledge the receipt of your confidential order by the hand of Lieutenant Daniel Ammen, delivered to me at 8 p. m. yesterday. In obedience thereto I forthwith proceeded toward the execution of the same by endeavoring to secure the services of a steam tug. On application to the agent of the tugs, Messrs. John Henderson & Co., I was informed that a police ordinance (which is herewith enclosed, as published in the city newspapers of this day) [had beeii passed] that no steamers were permitted to be used in the harbor without the permit of the board of police. I thereupon visited last night the board of police in person, and also addressed their president a letter, a copy of which is herewith enclosed, as well as the original of their reply. Thus I am left without any effectual means of executing your order of yesterday, in relation to moving this ship and the naval recruits. The present comparatively unarmed condition of this ship has been the subject of several importunate applications on my part, both to the honorable Navy Department and the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrog. raphy, to which applications I respectfully refer you. I am, very respectfully, ~. ~. HUNTER. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. [Enclosures.] U. S. SHIP ALLEGHANY, Baltimore, A 23, 1861. Sn~: Having occasion to employ a steam tug in the service of the United States, I have to request that you will authorize me to use one this day in the harbor of Baltimore and its adjacent waters. I am, very respectfully, W. W. HUNTER, Commander, U. S. Navy. CHARLES HOWARD, Esq., President Board of Baltimore Police Page 317 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 317 Steamboat8 not permitted to leave the harbor. It being deemed necessary for the safety and protection of the city that no steamboat be permitted to leave our harbor without the sauc- lion of the city authorities, I hereby, by authority of the mayor and board of police, direct that no steamboat shall leave the harbor with- out my permit. J. It. TRiMnLE, Commanding. OFFICE BOARD OF POLICE, Baltimore, April 23, 1861. SIR: The board of police have just received your favor of this date, requesting the authority of the board to employ a steam tug and use the same this day in the harbor of Baltimore and the adjacent waters in the service of the United States. As you must be well aware, the citizens of Baltimore, in a state of very great excitement, are organizing themselves for the defense and protection of the city; nothing would more certainly increase that excitement to an uncontrollable pitch than any movement about the harbor and in the adjacent waters at this moment of a steamboat in the service of the United States. This board could not justify themselves in doing anything which might lead to the consequences to the peace and safety of the city which they know would result from their giving any sanction to your application, and therefore are compelled respectfully to decline doing so. By order of the board: I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHARLES HOWARD, President. Captain W. W. HUNTER, U. S. Navy, U. S. Ship Alleghany. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to proceed to Annapolis, Aid., for the protection of property and interests of the Government. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 23, 1861. SIR: You will proceed with the U. S. ship Cumberland with all possi- ble dispatch to Annapolis. You will protect the property and interests of the Government, repel all attacks of a hostile character, and dis- perse all warlike gatherings or preparations. You will be guided for the present by these brief instructions, and make all possible dispatch in the execution of the same. You will exercise your own discretion in carrying out this order, and on your arrival at Annapolis report to the Department. I am, sir, respectftilly, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDEEGRAST, U. S. Sloop Cumberland, No Page 318 318 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, to furnish an arme~it naval force for protection of Annapolis, Md., and the navigation of the Chesapeake Bay. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 23, 1861. Siu: It is absolutely necessary that an armed naval force should appear off Annapolis as soon as Friday morning, and if sooner it will be more acceptable. The communication to Annapolis by water must be kept open and resistance to United States authority suppressed. You will therefore, by order of the President, immediately charter or purchase, if you have not already done so, two steam vessels, and arm, equip, and dispatch them forthwith to Annapolis. Order such officer or officers as you have near you on this duty. A steamer has also been ordered to the same station, at the same time, from Philadelphia. They will report to Captain G. S. Blake, or the senior officer at Annapolis, for further orders. All vessels having on board troops or munitions or provisions of the enemy must be captured, public property pro- tected, and the waters of the Chesapeake kept open to our citizens. The greatest promptness in this matter is absolutely essential. You will consider yourself as having full authority in the premises, and will exercise your best judgment to carry the order into effect, consulting in these matters and in this emergency with Governor E. D. Morgan, or, in his absence, with Mr. G. D. Morgan, and with Messrs. William Evarts, IR. M. Blatchford, and M. H. Grinnel, a com- mittee of the citizens of New York, who are hereby empowered to act for this Department in this crisis in matters pertaining to the forward- ing of troops and supplies by this or any other route. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Captain SAMuEL L. BREESE, Secretary Navy. Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Trenchard, U. S. Navy, ordered to command U. S. S. Keystone State. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 23,1861. SIR: You will take command of the U. S. S. Keystone State. You will lose no time in getting her ready for service. So soon as all your arrangements are complete report without an hours delay to this office. I am, sir, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Lieutenant Commanding S. D. TRENCHARD, U. S. S. Keystone State. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding measures taken for the protection of Annapolis, Md. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 23, 1861. SIR: My letters have already informed you of my having dispatched the steamer Keystone State, under the command of Lieutenant Maxwell Woodhull, to Norfolk with 120 mensailors and marinesat 3 ocloc Page 319 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 319 a. m. on the 20th instant. Since then, in order to assist the transporta- tion of troops via the Susquehanna, and particularly to guard the large and valuable iron ferryboat plying across that river and belonging to the Philadelphia and Baltimore Railroad Company, which is now employed carrying troops to Annapolis from Perryville or Cecil since the destruc- tion of the railroad beyond llavre de Grace, I have sent Commander Steedman, Lieutenant Crosby, and Passed Midshipman [G. B. l] White, with twenty-five seamen and landsmen, a 32-pouitder (new ordnance) with all its equipments, together with a 12-pounder howitzer, to arm the ferryboat Mar~,land at Annapolis, she having not returned since carrying General Butler and the Sixth Regiment from Massachusetts to that place. I am now fitting out with all possible dispatch the Philadelphia City Ice Boat, strong and suitable, offered by the patriotic city which owns her to the Government. Her armament is to be four 32-pounders. This boat is intended to be used as a protection to the landing of troops at Annapolis and for receiving and carrying them from Cecil to Annap- olis, as well as to prevent armed tugs from Baltimore interfering with the boats in case such an attempt should be made. The Ice Boat has left, under command of Commander 0. [S.] Glisson and Lieutenant A. K. Hughes, with a crew of thirty men and one months provisions. She was fitted with extraordinary dispatch, the zeal of the officers and men of this yard knowing no bounds, the blacksmiths refusing to go to their meals while waiting for the boat to come to the yard. Captain [William II.] Gardner, in keeping with the zeal and devotion of his character, came and reported, though my senior, for any duty the exigencies of the moment might require. Since writing the above, I am dispatching two 32-pounders, with ship carriages, under Mr. Pendleton G. Watmough, late of the Navy, direct- ing him to act as lieutenant and wear his uniform for the protection of Perryville, the point on the Susquehanna from whence the troops embark. He will be of great service to the colonel and regiment hold- ing that point and protecting the railroad. This is done at the request of General Patterson. I have heard from Commander Steedman of the perfect success of his first trip to Annapolis. The Department will perceive that I am actiiig on my own discretion in many things, which I am sure, while cut off from direct communication with it, will be approved. I have further to add that Captain W. C. Nicholson, my senior also, has just tendered his services for any service or emergency. Both these gallant men are Marylanders. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commandant. Secretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Philadel- phia, to furnish an armed naval force for the protection of Annapolis, Md., and the navigation of the Chesapeake Bay. ConfidentiaL] NAvy DEPARTMENT, April 23, 1861. SIR: It is absolutely essential that an armed naval force should appear off Annapolis as soon as Friday morning, and if sooner it will be mor Page 320 320 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. acceptable. You will therefore, by order of the President, immediately charter or purchase, if you have not already done so, one steam vessel, and arm, equip, and dispatch her forthwith to Annapolis. They will meet with another force at Annapolis. The object is to keep open com- munication by water. The greatest promptness in this matter is abso- lutely essential. You will consider yourself as having full authority in the premises, and will exercise your best judgment to carry these orders into effect. The steamer Keystone State may return in time to be made use of, with the officers already on board. They will report to Com- modore Blake, the senior officer of the station. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain S. F. Du PONT, Commandant Navy Yard, Philadelphia. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding revenue cutter Forward. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 23, 1861. SIR: The revenue cutter Forward is now lying off this yard and is reported by her commander, Captain Nones, as being in a very ineffi- cient condition. Shall she be put in order? I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from Major-General Sandford, U. S. Army, to Commander Glasson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. brig Perry, requesting convoy service for army transports. [NEW YORK, April 23, 1861.] SIR: The object of the service for which you are detailed by Commo- dore Breese is to convoy the James Adger, the Alabama, Marion, and such other steamers as you may be advised. The James Adger will take you in tow immediately and whenever the wind will require it. You will proceed with this fleet to Annapolis as soon as possible. The other vessels will be instructed to obey your signals and keep near you. You will land the troops there unless it is in possession of the enemy, in which case you will consult with Colonel Lyons, of the Eighth IRegi- ment, and Colonel Smith, of the Thirteenth, as to the best place for you to land. They are on board the Alabama and Marion, and are the senior officers of the two divisions represented. When the troops are landed the Adger will tow you back. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. W. SANDFORD, Major. General. Captain GLASsoN, U. S. Brig Perry Page 321 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 321 Report of commandant navy yard, New York, of the charter of the steam- ers Monticello, Mount Vernon, and Huntsville. NAvY YARD, NEW YORK, April 24, 1861. SIR: I have to report to the Department that I yesterday chartered from Messrs. II. B. Cromwell & Co. the steamers Monticello and Mount Vernon for a period of three months, with the privilege of purchasing, at the rate of $8,000 per month. To-day I chartered from the same owners the Huntsville, also with the privilege of purchasing, at $10,000 per month. I have armed the Monticello and placed her under the command of Lieutenant ID. L. Braine, and shall this evening, at the request of Vice- President Hamlin, General Wool, and Mr. Aspinwall, dispatch her to the Chesapeake, with orders to report to the senior naval officer to assist and cooperate with the authorities at Fort Monroe and to aid in block- ading the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. To enable me to get her and others off at once, and in consequence of the paucity of officers to call into service within my control, I beg authority to appoint temporarily such men from the civil marine as are properly recommended or whom I know. As promptness is all requisite, I should have this authority. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, - Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, of charter of the steamer Union for service in the Chesapeake. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 24, 1861. SIR: In conformity with your order I have secured one of the finest steamers in this port, which has been critically inspected by the naval constructor, and I deem her a very superior river vessel. The terms agreed upon are $7,000 per month for three months, with the right of the Government to purchase her at the expiration of that time for $70,000, which in my estimation is not exorbitant. Her armament will consist of four 8.inch guns, which will be quite formidable. No name is given to her yet. She is one of the line of steam packets to Havana out oC this port. I have assigned the command of this steamer to Commander J. H. Goldsborough, and am preparing her for active service with great dis- patch, and will send her at once, when ready, to the mouth of the Potomac or to Fort Monroe; but I hope by that time the necessities of the service will have been met by the city Ice Boat, referred to in my first letter. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. N W RVOL 42 Page 322 322 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding preparation of naval force. NAVY YARD, NEW YoRK, April 24, 1861. SIR: Captain Eagle has offered his services to me at the yard, with- out increased pay, lest [in order] that he might be of service in this con- tingency of our affairs. 1 have thought you might have occasion for him at Washington, and have requested General Sandford to give him a passage to Annapolis in one of the transports to leave, probably, to-morrow. I improve the occasion to say that for the preparing the twenty steamers ordered, with the frigates, I would like to have authority to appoint any former officers of the Navy who have in times past resigned, and also persons from private life, but [who] are worthy and reliable. Several have offered their services. There are no lieutenants or com- manders about here whom I can press into the service. I beg also that the moment the way is secure to send all the ordnance, and ordnance stores especially, from the Washington yard to this place by the Annapolis Railroad, to be brought thence to this place by one of the return steamers, fixed ammunition of all kinds, howitzers, etc. I am hastening the fitting out and selecting steamers as fast as possible, working at night when practicable. I have to-day your orders relative to the Harriet Lane. She is now in the Chesapeake convoying troops. I will dispatch her as you direct unless you otherwise order. The brig Perry went yesterday to convoy transports with several regiments to Annapolis, with orders, as also the Harriet Lane, to return here. In view of circumstances which I can not now detail, and of which the Department is aware, I have directed the appointed officers and the crews of the surveying schooners Varina and Crawford, now at this yard, to be discharged, and shall hold the vessels in readiness for such service as I may find for them. I request [that] the Department will sanction this. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, & cretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Order from the commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, to Lieutenant Watmough, U. S. Navy, upon the tender by that officer of his services to the Department. NAVY YARD, PHILADELPHIA, April 24, 1861. SIR: At the request of Major-General [Robert] Patterson, I am dispatching two 32-pounder cannon by rail to Perryville, to cover the embarkation of troops at that point on the Susquehanna. As I have no officer to spare from my command at this moment, I accept the services so gallantly tendered by you to the Navy Depart- ment and to myself. You will therefore take charge of these pieces, reporting to Coin. mander Steedman and showing him these orders. Should Captain S. be absent you will inform Colonel [Charles P.] Dare of the object o Page 323 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 323 your visit, and ask him to detail a suifficient number of men to be trained as gunners, and get your pieces in position, etc. You are hereby authorized to resume the uniform you have hereto- fore worn with so much honor and gallantry. Respectfully, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Lieutenant P. G. WATMOUGH. [P. S.]Should there be any difficulty about the detail of soldiers, I will dispatch you twenty sailors so soon as shipped. I have none now. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Trenchard, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S~ Keystone State. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 24, 1861. Sn~: You will immediately proceed with the steamer Keystone State to New York and, after receiving on board there a supply of provisions, return with all possible dispatch to Washington. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant S. I). TRENCHARD, U. S. Navy, Commanding Steamer Keystone State, Washington. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Trenchard, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Keystone State. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 24,1861. SIR: On the arrival of a pilot you will proceed, according to your instructions of this morning, to New York. Detain the pilot there until your return. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant S. D. TRENCHARD, [U. S. S.] Keystone State, Washington, D. C. Report of Flag- Officer Stringham, U. S. Navy, of having dispatched the U. S. S. Niagara to New York. BOSTON, April 24, 1861. Siu: I have the honor to inform you that I have given orders to Captain McKean, of the Niagara, to proceed immediately to New York. I do this at the instance and request of General J. E. Wool, seconded by Mr. G. D. Morgan, who have made this request to me by telegraph. Hoping this will meet your approbation, I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, S. H. STRINGHAM, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Flag-Officer. Secretary of Navy Page 324 324 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of commandant navy yard, New York, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, to assume command of the chartered steamer Monticello. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 24, 1861. SIR: You are appointed to the command of the chartered steamer Monticello, now under preparation for immediate sea service. You will at once repair on board and take charge of the vessel. Orders for your government will be furnished you at an early moment. Respectfully, your obedient servant, SA~L. L. BREESE, Commandant. Lieutenant B. L. BRAINE, U. S. Navy, New York. Order of the commandant navy yard, New York, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, to transport Captain Eagle, U. S. Navy, to Annapolis, Md. NAVY YARD, NEW YoRK, April 24, 1861. SIR: You will please afford a passage to Captain Eagle, U. S. Navy, in the U. S. S. Monticello, under your command, and on your arrival in the Chesapeake place him on board the first conveyance that he may select for Annapolis, and facilitate his movements. Respectfully, your obedient servant, SAM. L. BREESE, Commandant. Lieutenant Commanding B. L. BRAINE, U. S. S. Monticello, Navy Yard, New York. Letter of advice from Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to captains of merchant schooners of Northern ports. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 24, 1861. Sn~: You having been ordered by your consignees to proceed to Norfolk, Va., I, as commander in chief of the Home ~quadron, advise that you proceed to some Northern port, where you can receive further instruction. Very respectfully, G. ~. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Rome Squadron. Captain DEARBORN HERRIMAN, Schooner A. Colby, of Bucksport, Me.; Captain W. B. SNOW, Schooner (irapeshot, qf Bucksport, Me.; Captain B. T. HARRIMAN, Schooner Sarah Jane, of Marblehead LMass.1; Captain J. A. CRINDALL, Schooner Casita, of Bucksport, Me Page 325 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 325 Instructions of commandant navy yard, New York, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, regarding cruise of that vessel to Chesapeake Bay. NAVY YARD, NEW YoRK, April 24, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the Monticello to the Chesapeake. On your arrival at or near Hampton Roads you will report to the commanding naval officer, who will give you the necessary orders for your future action. You will place Captain Eagle, who takes passage in the Mon- ticello, on board any steamer bound to Annapolis. Should you meet wfth any suspicious armed vessel, steamer or other, outside or inside the capes, you will not fail to ascertain her character and should there be a doubt of its being friendly you will take her with you under the guns of Fort Monroe for safe-keeping, taking her men out of her. Should you, on or after entering the bay, fall in with any transports that might require convoy to Annapolis, you will afford it after you shall have made known your arrival to the flag-officer or commandant of Fort Monroe. You will commence drilling your men at the guns at once. You have a Chesapeake pilot; therefore will not require one. Respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Lieutenant Commanding D. L. BRAINE U. S. S. Monticello, Navy Yard, New York. Further instructions from commandant navy yard, Neu York, to Lieu. tenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, regarding crutse. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 24, 1861. SIR: Since furnishing your orders I have a telegraphic dispatch inforniing me that two armed steam tugs are just inside the capes to intercept our transports. You will therefore not pass the capes except at daylight, and keep a good lookout for such vessels. To conceal your character it will be advisable to place a sail over your pivot gun and conceal by some means the after guns. It would be a fortunate thing if you could take or sink these vessels. Yours, respectfully, SA1~tr. L. BREESE, Conimandant. Lieutenant Commanding D. L. BRAINE, U. S. S. Monticello, Navy Yard, New York. The transport steamer will probably fall in with you and take convoy off Cape Henry. S.L.B. Report of Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, of the detail of ten midshipmen subject to Departments orders. NAVAL ACADEMY, April 24,1861. Sn~: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22d instant, directing me to order ten of the oldest midshipmen t Page 326 326 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. the Navy Department for duty. I have detailed ten loyal and excellent young gentlemen who will proceed to Washington at the earliest pos~ sible moment. The communication is closed at this time and there is not a dollar of money here for their expenses. The Academy is now occupied by volunteers, and I hardly need state that I am doing my utmost to contribute to their comfort and facilitate their movements. The Constitution is off the port in a position to cover the entrance of transports, and is doing excellent service in that way. I also have it in contemplation to transfer to her the acting midship- men whenever it appears that we can not subsist them on shore. I took the precaution some months since to place on board her a good supply of provisions. This proves to be a most fortunate thing in this emergency. I have the honor to be, sir, G. S. BLAKE. Hon. SECRETARY [OF THE] NAVY. Report of Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, urging the transfer of that institution to Port Adams or other Northern work. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, April 24, 1861. SIR: The academic routine is completely broken up by the occupa- tion of the grounds and a portion of the buildings of the Academy by national troops, and it will be a long time, in any event, before it will be possible to resume a regular course of instruction at this place. I have therefore transferred the acting midshipmen to the Constitu- tion, and shall send her to New York under the command of Lieutenant G. W. Rodgers, who will preserve organization and discipline until fur- ther orders. In the meantime, aided by the officers and professors, I shall attend to the preservation of the valuable public property of the institution, the library, apparatus, etc., that they may be in readiness for any removal that may be ordered. I propose that the personnel and materiel of the Academy shall be transferred to Fort Adams [H. I.] or some other public work north of the Delaware. The transfer is necessary, as all the buildings of the Academy not immediately occupied by the families of those connected with the institution are in possession of troops, and it is to be appre- hended that more will be demanded for their accommodation. I would add that the officers and students of the Academy would be an efficient garrison for the fort they may occupy, and would promote its preser- vation. I respectfully add that the transfer proposed can be easily accom- plished by using the transport steamer Baltic, which plies between this port and New York, and which comes here full and departs empty. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C Page 327 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 327 Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to C. W. Sandford, esq., relative to the destination of transport steamers. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 22, 1861. SIR: On the evening of the 20th instant the following telegram was addressed to you, but returned to this Department yesterday because of the interruption of the wires: It is deemed advisable by the Secretary of War that the steamers proceed to Annapolis. The Harriet Lane will convoy. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. C. W. SANDFORD, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, regarding measures of protection for the U. S. ship Constitution. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 24, 1861. SIR: Commander Hunter has been directed to furnish you fiftyrecruits for the Constitution, and Commander Hitchcock has orders to report to you for duty at the Annapolis station to take temporary command of the U. S. ship Constitution and assist you in protecting her and the pub- lic property, as well as the landing of Government troops at that place. Very respectfully, GIDEON WELLES. Captain GEORGE S. BLAKE, U. S. Navy, Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis. Letter from William H. Aspinwall, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, relative to the dispatching from New York for convoy duty of the steamer Monticello. NAVY YARD, BROOKLYN, Wednesday Night, April 24, r1861.] SIR: Under advisement of General Wool, Mr. ilamlin, and myselt, Commodore Breese has taken unusual measures in fitting out and dis- patching the steamer Monticello to the capes of the Chesapeake, and the dispatch just received through Colonel Scott from Mr. Porter at Harrisburg confirms the propriety of the action of Commedore Breese. Under no other circumstances could he have afforded the convoy now suddenly asked for. In three or four days more he will have three or four other steamers in readiness for what may be required of them. The idea of sending off at once the steamer most quickly available arose from a message received by me from the captain who landed the Massachusetts regiment at Fortress Monroe, that Colonel Dimick considered the movements of a couple of small steamers suspicious, and that he needed much some means of communicating with Govern- inent and other vessels passing in and out of the capes. Knowing how exposed the steamers conveying men and provisions to Washington will be on their return and how dangerous one of the steamers would be in the hands of the secessionists, it was evident that an armed steamer was needed to see them safely beyond Cape Henry Page 328 328 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. The Monticello has one 10-inch pivot gun forward and two 32-pound- ers aft. She has power enough to tow the Cumberland and thus give her the efficiency of a steam corvette. She can aid in the blockade of the James River when not needed for convoying. Fearing a scarcity of provisions at Washington, I have advised the shipment on board the Monticello of all the bread, etc., she could take after taking in 210 tons of coal, which will last her three or four weeks. This has been done without the usual form of requisition and I deem it just to let you know the circumstances under which the irregularity of the proceedings has been thought justifiable. With sincere respect, I am, truly and respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. H. ASPINWALL. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Letter from William H. Aspinwall, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, regarding coal and vessels for the use of the Navy. NAVY YARD, BROOKLYN, April 24, [1861.] SIR: As the Monticello is detained a few hours, I beg leave to add to my communication of this date. Finding that one of the largest coal companies was paying demurrage on vessels loading for foreign ports, in consequence of short supplies from their mines (arising from the recent freshets and from the enlist- ing of their operatives), I at once went to the Delaware and Hudson Company and purchased 500 tons lump coal, deliverable iii a week, and 2,000 tons steamer coal, delivered in all the month of May; the prices being $3.70 for the former and $3.80 for latter, which I hold at your disposal in case you want to establish a coal depot ashore or in a hulk under the guns of Fortress Monroe or of the Constitution. If you can supply yourself from the canals or railroad at Havre de Grace, I would advise your retaining these 2,500 and adding to them, for the supply of Key West and other points on the Gulf. 1 have notified Mr. Bridge that he can call on me for any money needed for purchases until he can make the regular arrangements. To-day he only availed of what was necessary to secure~.the only lot of suitable tobacco in the city and concerning which he had to give an immediate answer. The large Cunarder, Kedar, has been chartered to-day and can trans- port a large body of horses, if needed, between decks. She carries English colors and can bring up a large amount of railroad iron to Annapolis if needed. I find a great deficiency in this yard of gun carriages for pivot guns; if there be four or six which could be spared from the Washington yard, and they can be sent here by one of the returning steamers, they will be needed for 8-inch guns. Although I presume you are informed of what is passing in Boston, I will take the chance of repetition and say that Commodore Striugham telegraphs his ship can not be ready for twelve days. The Niagara has arrived from Japan, and is to-day anchored in the outer harbor, and were anyone authorized to give the order I presum Page 329 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 329 she would be sent to Hampton Roads for your further orders. She could take provisions and troops from Boston to such points in the Chesapeake as bay transports could meet her. Both this yard and that of Charlestown [Mass.] are short of officers for the small steamers fitting oat, but prime accomplished men can be selected from the merchant captains and mates, as was Commodore flull, from my grandfathers service at New London years ago. Apologizing for my suggestions, I am, very truly and respectfally, your obedient servant, WM. H. ASPINWALL. [Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy.] Letter from the Secretary of War to commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding use of revenue cutter at Annapolis. PHILADELPHIA, April 24, 1861. DEAR SIR: The Secretary of the Treasury having placed at my dis- posal the revenue cutter Forward, for the protection of the transports between Cecil and Annapolis, you will have the goodness to cause this vessel to be fully armed and manned, with an ample supply of provisions and ammunition, and direct the captain to proceed immediately to Annapolis and use his best endeavors to protect the transports in such manner as the military commanders at the termini of the route, Cecil and Annapolis, may from time to time direct. If he should meet any unfriendly craft on his way to Annapolis he should be instructed to sink or capture them. Yours, truly, J. EDGAR THOMSON, [Captain S. F. IJu PONT, Acting for Secretary of War. Commandant.] Order of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, to Captain Nones, U. S. Revenue illarine, commanding U. S. revenue cutter Forward, to pro- ceed to duty between Annapolis and Perryville, Mid. NAVY YARD, PHILADELPHIA, April 25, 1861. By authority from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitted to me by Mr. J. Edgar Thomson, you will please proceed with all dispatch, with the cutter Forward under your command, to Annapolis, Md., and report to Captain 0. 5. Blake, commanding the naval forces at that point. The object in view is to keep the line of way open from Perry- wIle to Annapolis and to perform such other duty as Captain Blake may direct. If you meet any unfriendly craft on your way to Annapolis, you will capture or sink them, after taking out their crews, if you deem it necessary. Should you meet United States steamers, chartered or belonging to the Navy proper, carrying troops or in any way employed in the pub Page 330 330 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. lic service, you are authorized to urge them to give you a tow, which I am sure they will do. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Captain II. B. NONES, U. S. Revenue Cutter Forward, Philadelphia. Report of Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, of the seizure by the U. S. ship Cumberland, of the steam tug Young America and schooner Georfje ill. Smith. U. S. FLAGSHIP CtTM3ERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 25, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that on the after- noon of April 24, 1861, a schooner, lying off Fortress Monroe, was seen with a signal of distress flying; a boat was immediately sent to her relief when the steam tug Young America was seen coming toward her, evidently with the intention of taking her off. Fearing that the boat could not bring her to, I ordered a shot to be fired, which had the desired effect. The tug was then ordered to come alongside, and the schooner, which proved to be the George M. Smith, of New York, bound to Wilmington, N. C., anchored under the guns of the fort. On close inspection of her cargo it was found to be contraband of war, consist- ing in part of a complete set of gun carriages for a light-artillery bat- tery, and was accordingly seized by me, in connection with the steam tug, and forfeited to the Government of the United States. The steam tug is at present used by me as a tender, and I have found her to be of much service. I would be glad to have the instructions of the Depart. ment in relation to them. I would also respectfully recommend to the Department the necessity of having a couple of small armed steamers of light draft sent here without delay. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Flag- Officer .Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Major- General Gwynn, C. S. Army, commanding forces, Norfolk District, regarding seizure of the steam tug Young America and schooner George M. Smith. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 25, 1861. SIR: Your letter* under date of April 25, 1861, enclosing a commu- nication from Colonel J. Dimick, was this moment handed me by Captain Jones, one of your aids, under a flag of truce. In reply to your communication I have to say that the schooner George M. Smith was seen with a signal of distress flying, and a boat * Not found Page 331 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 331 was immediately dispatebed to her relief:, when the steam tug Young America was seen coming directly toward her. Thinking that the boat would not be able to bring her to, a gun was fired, which had the desired effect. The said schooner was loaded with contraband of war and was accordingly ordered under the protection of the fort and, in connection with the steam tug Young America, becomes the property of the U. S. Government by my order. J have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commander in Chief Home Squadron. Major-General WALTER GWYNN, Commanding Forces, Norfolk District. Permit to James J. Cole, commanding steam tug Young America. U. S. FLAGSHIP CITMEERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 26, 1861. This is to certify that James J. Cole, in command of the steam tug Young America, was taken prisoner, while in the employ of the seces- sionists, by my order, and is hereby permitted to proceed North, but not to return South again. G. J. PENDERGRAST~ Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squa.~lron. Order of the commandant navy yard, New York, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, regarding transport duty. NAVY YARD [NEW YORK], April 25, 1861. SIR: So soon as you are ready in all essentials proceed on your course with the Monticello, stopping off pier 2, North River, for the purpose of taking the Kill von Kull, transport, under convoy, as requested by General Wool, U. S. Army, commanding the district. Respectfully, etc. SAM. L. BREE5E, Commandant. Lieutenant Commanding BRAINE, U. S. Navy. Order from the Secretary of War to the commandant navy yard, Phila- delphia, to employ tugs for duty between Annapolis and Havre de Grace, Md. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 25, 1861. The commandant, under the direction of Major-General Patterson, of the troops at Perryville, is directed to employ two tugboats and the requisite number of men to man them, each carrying about twelve men, and a howitzer if deemed necessary, to ply between that point and Annapolis, each boat making a trip daily, and seize and detain all the tugboats plying in the Suisquehanna south of Havre de Grace Page 332 332 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. owned or manned by citizens of Maryland, and perform snch other duties as may be necessary to protect the mails and interests of the United States between the points named. Yery respectfully, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. [Endorsement.] Sin: You will proceed and execute the above order to the best of your judgment. CHAS STEEDMAN, Commander, U. S. Navy. [Lieutenant PRInCE CROSBY, U. S. Navy.] Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding preparation of naval force for duty in the Chesapeake. NAVY YARD [NEW YORK], April25, [1861.] SIR: I have the honor to inform the T)epartment that I have placed twenty-two recruits, with arms and provisions, on board the steamer Yankee, provided by Mr. Aspinwall as a dispatch or convoy vessel between Annapolis and Havre de Grace. The master of her I have appointed acting master in the Navy for temporary duty; also two mas- ters mates. Mr. Fox I have appointed for the moment acting lieuten- ant. As the Yankees crew is composed of United States seamen, her officers must be clothed with official authority. I regret to say again there are no officers on the station whom I can employ. I trust I will have your authority to appoint officers, to open another rendezvous, to offer ~2O bounty, to take men without bounty for a year or less, for the pnrpose of manning the small chartered steamers; otherwise all the three-year men, who would do better on board the Wabash or $avannah, will be out of my reach. I have been offered by the yacht club to pro- cure a hundred or more men who have been employed with them for the steamers,if I would accept their services for a few months, or a year at furthest. I should like to have your authority also to increase the crew proper of the North Carolina by the addition of some forty or fifty, recommended by the superintendent of the Sailors Home at Staten Island, Captain Depeyster. II have your communication by the hands of the messenger, W. T. Connor. Most of its directions you will perceive have been anticipated. Commodore Striugham telegraphed me that the Niagara must stop here to have her feed pipes repaired and to obtain officers. I informed him yesterday that no officers could be obtained here, and must be got in Boston. If she has to go into dock to do these repairs, it will retard our work, I fear, more than is desirable. The Quaker City, furnished by the committee under orders of General Wool, was intended to operate within the capes of Virginia, and thus relieve the Monticello from that duty, so that she may, with others, be sent elsewhere. All the vessels that I arm here I have, of course, to place men on board to work them, as I shall this one, on board which I place two 32-pounders. Captain Shufeldt commands her. Very respectfully, ~ L. BREESE. Hon. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, Washington Page 333 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 333 Further report of the commandant navy yard, New Yor7~, regarding preparation of naval force for duty in the Chesapeake. NAvY YARD, NEW YoRK, April 25, 1861. Sn~: By the chartered steamer Monticello, Lieutenant Commanding Braine, which vessel left here to-day for the Chesapeake at the sugges- tion and by the advice of Vice-President Hamlin and General Wool, in order to protect the transports with men and provisions that leave here to-day and to-morrow, I have assented to Captain Eagles taking passage with communications to you and the War Department. In them I neglected to say that in view of the difficulty of getting men for the Navy for three years I request authority to order them shipped, at least as many Las] are necessary for the steamers ordered, for a shorter period. I hope I am acting in unison with the views and wishes of the Department in making the acting appointments I have already made. Unless I do so or officers be sent me I can not commission the steamers after they are fitted. Am I, as fast as they are prepared, to man them and officer them as I may deem necessary? With the con- sent of the Department I will open a second rendezvous temporarily, which will facilitate getting men. I am now preparing the propeller Yankee, provided by Mr. Aspinwall to ply about Annapolis, and will place Mr. Fox, formerly lieutenant in the Navy, in command of her with about twenty men from the recruits. I have put two 32-pounders on board. She may leave to-morrow. I have provisioned such vessels as are already prepared, and shall, unless directed to the contrary, continue to do so. I take leave again to urge that the Bureau of Ord. nance be directed to send all the howitzers, fixed ammunition, etc., possible. I send this by your return messenger. The Niagara is coming here from Boston and will want nearly all her complement of officers. There are none here for her. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. [Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy.] P. S.I have paid your messenger $5 to enable him to proceed on his way back. There are two vessels in our opinion, suitable, which we can not charter, but can pnrchase at $75,000 each. Have I authority to pur- chase if found suitable? S.L.B. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding equipment of revenue cutter Forward and steamer Phineas Sprague. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAvy YARD, Philadelphia, April 25, 1861. Sin: Your confidential communications of the 22d and 23d instant were delivered to me late last night by a special messenger. My letters previously written will inform you of my proceedings up to yesterday, including my agreement to take up the steam packet of the Havana line, by which you will perceive that to a certain extent I have anticipated the confidential instructions now received. To-day I have equipped and sent to sea the revenue cutter Forward, under the sanction of the Secretary of the Treasury, with orders to her co Page 334 334 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. mander, Captain H. B. Kones, to proceed to Annapolis and report to Captain Blake for further instructions. She is a sailing vessel. In addition to this, I have this day seized, in the name of the United States, and pressed into service (withont objection from her owners) the fine steam propeller Phineas ~S~prague, one of the very finest steam- ers in the port. Her draft of water is rather heavier than I could have wished, but nnder your modified orders I had no hesitation about tak. ing her, for she is so superior in her qualities and can carry so heavy a battery that she will be invaluable to the service. I can buy the ship, if the Department would prefer it, for $95,000. I omitted to mention in the proper order of this letter that your order to keep the bay open for the transportation of troops from the Susquehanna to Annapolis was anticipated in sending the Ice Boat with four 32-pounder cannon, which vessel has probably reached there to-night, and will be followed by the cutter Forward and other vessels. I am in daily intercourse with Major-General Patterson and the president of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Railroad Company in reference to the transportation of troops, as you will perceive by my letter of yesterday. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Du PONT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, to Commodore Pauld- ing, U. S. Navy, regarding measures for protection of Annapolis. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 25, 1861. COMMODORE: I am much in want of young and active lieutenants; if not at hand, could not the senior class at Annapolis be graduated at once? I have anticipated the Secretarys order by several days in covering Annapolis by an armed steamer and keeping the way open by arming the principal steamer plying between Perryville and Annapolis and protecting Perryville at the point of embarkation. I have just sent the revenue cutter Forward (sailing) to the same point, to report to Blake, and I am in communication with the latter, through Commander Steedman, who, with a party of sailors, is doing good~ service on the Susquehanna. Three hundred barrels of provisions were sent by the president of the railroad company on Steedmans representations of shortcomings at Annapolis. I have reason to believe that Lieutenant A. Barbot is disaffected, but being under sentence of court-martial, not yet divulged, I have not been able to get hold of him. Commodore, put the screws to all such people. We are all shocked at the news of the disaffection of officers at Washington and Norfolk. Among the most loyal and devoted officers here are Southerners. Nicholson and Gardner, my seniors, have volunteered to serve under my orders at any moment, both of whom are Marylanders. I am, very truly, etc., S. F. Du PONT. Commodore H. PATJLDING, Navy Department, Washington, D. C Page 335 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 335 P. S.The two steamers (propellers) are very fine vessels and worthy of permanent attachment to the Navy. Are they to have regular crews and officers? I have given J. IR. Goldsborough one and Lieutenant Sartori the other. The Georgia is a side-wheeler, but a sea steamer, and better to charter than to purchase; the two others should be bought, for they can go to China after the war. If I conclude on chartering the Georgia I will give her to Commander Alden. In haste, S. F. D. P. Please see my dispatches to Secretary. Report of Lieutenant Rodgers, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Gon- stitution, regarding proposed location of Naval Academy at Fort Adams, P. L U. S. SHIP CONSTITUTION, Off Annapolis, April 25, 1861. SIR: I am just about to sail for New York with the acting midship- men of the Academy. Captain Blake spoke to me to-day of Fort Adams, Newport, as a good place to temporarily locate the midshipmen, and asked me for information as to its capabilities for receiving them. Before you decide upon any place, if you will permit me, immediately upon my arr~: ~al at New York, to ascertain the conveniences at New. port or some other place and report to you, I can, I think, make such arrangements as will be suitable. In the meantime I can easily organ- ize and accommodate them on board ship. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. W. RODGERS, Lieutenant in Charge. [Hon. GIDEON WELLES Secretary of the Navy.] Report of Commander Glasson, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. brig Perry, regarding the movements of that vessel in compliance with orders from the commandant navy yard, New York. U. S. BRIG PERRY, Annapolis, April 25, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I have arrive.d here from New York this day, on special service, in temporary command of the brig Perry, with the steamers James Adger, the Marion, and the Ala- bama, having volunteer troops on board, and shall return forthwith to New York with the steamer James Adger, in accordance with my instructions from Commodore Breese. The light-houses at Cape Charles and Cape Henry show no lights. A schooner is sunk in about 5 fathoms of water about 6 miles north of Wolf Trap light-ship, Chesapeake Bay. The light-boat off Windmill Point has been removed; also the light-boat at Smiths Point. I herewith enclose a copy of my instructions from Commodore Breese. also from Major-General Charles W. Saudford. I am, respeetfully, your obedient servant, JOHN J. GLASSON, Commander U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy Page 336 336 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from Major- General Sandford, commanding First Division, New York State Militia, to the Secretary of the Navy, relative to the dispatch- ing of troops. NEW YORK, April 25, 18612 p. m. SIR: I have just received your letter* of the 22d instant, by the hands of your special messenger, Mr. Connor. The Harriet Lane, having been reported to me for escort duty on Sunday last, sailed the same day about 6 p. m. in charge of steamers containing 4,700 troops, with provisions for thirty days. Finding that the other routes were obstructed, I directed Captain Faunce to proceed with the fleet up the Potomac, unless there was some obstruction which could not be overcome by the force which accompanied him. In case there were any temporary batteries erected by the enemy which it would not be safe to pass, the commanding offi- cers were directed to land and destroy them, and in case of their pas- sage being absolutely closed, Captain Faunce was instructed to proceed to Annapolis. These orders were kept secret and the public was not aware of the destination of the fleet. I hope it has arrived safely. The fleet which sailed on Tuesday night (the 23d instant) with 3,000 men, under the escort of the U. S. brig Perry, was directed by me to land at Annapolis, in order to reen- force the Seventh Regiment, then delayed at that port. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. W. SANDFORD, Major-General, First Division, New York State Militia. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Letter from Win. H. Aspinwall, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, regarding the dispatching from New York of vessels with troops and stores. BROOKLYN [NEW YORK] NAVY YARD, Thursday, April 25, [1861.] SIR: I took the liberty of informing you by Captain Eagle, who left this morning at 10 oclock in the Monticello, armed propeller, that I had taken upon myself to buy 2,500 tons of coal, the stock and supply being short. This will be sent in three vessels to the capes of Virginia, to be landed as you may direct, either at [Old] Point Uomfort, Annap- olis, or Key West. The Niagara will go to the capes of Virginia for your orders, and pos- sibly Commodore Stringham may go in her, leaving orders for the Minnesota to follow. The Kedar, a large Cunard propeller, leaves to-morrow with 1,000 barrels beef~ 1,000 barrels pork, and considerable bread and troops, [on] her passage up the Potomac. The Yankee, armed propeller, leaves in the morning under charge of Captain Fox, to be at the disposal of Government as a dispatch vessel and convoy between Annapolis and Havre de Grace, and to furnish motive steam power to the Constitution. Has it occurred to you how effectual sunken vessels off Southern harbors would be toward establishing a blockade~ ~Seep. 327 Page 337 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 337 I will send a proposition for a submerged telegraph to-morrow morning. Very respectfully, Wi~r. H. ASPINWALL. flon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Commander Ridgely, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alleghany, regarding transfer of recruits to Annapolis. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 26, 1861. Sn~: It is considered advisable to get the steamer [ship] Alleghany out of the harbor of Baltimore. You will therefore, if it can be done, employ a tug to tow her to Annapolis. If you can not procure a tug for this purpose, you will transfer the recruits by any practicable means to Annapolis, with orders to report to Captain George S. Blake. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commander D. B. IRIDGELY, Commanding U. S. Receiving Ship Alleghany, Baltimore. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, for the retention at that place of the U. S. ship Constitution. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 26, 1861. SIR: The recruits on board the steamer [ship] Alleghany, at Baltimore, have been ordered to report to you. If the Constitution has not left, the Department deems it advisable that she remain at Annapolis for the protection of troops, etc., who may arrive from the North, if it can be done with safety to the ship. The Department desires to transfer the following acting midshipmen to report to Flag-Officer Stringham at Boston, viz: A. T. Snell, L. Phoe- nix, C. E. McKay, William T. Sampson, and William F. Stewart. Very respectfully, Captain G. S. BLAKE, GIDEON WELLES. Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Lieutenant Todd, U. S. Navy, to seize schooner Cambridge. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 26, 1861. SIR: You will seize in the name of the Government of the United States the schooner Cambridge, now lying off Fortress Monroe, giving a receipt for the amount of coal on board of her. You will then tow her into the wharf at the fortress and secure her. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant H. D. Tonn, U. S. Navy. N W RVOL 42 Page 338 338 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Nary, commanding Home Squadron, regarding the seizure of schooner Cambridge. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 26, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I to-day ordered the schooner Cambridge, of Baltimore, bound to Norfolk with coal, to be seized for the use of the Government of the United States. The said schooner contained 105 tons of coal, for which I gave a receipt. I would alsostatethatthereisverylittlecoalinthefort,andlwould be glad to have the wishes of the Department in relation to the matter. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Iliome Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Letter from Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Captain Buckler, commanding schooner Cambridge, regard- ing the seizure of that vessel. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 28, 1861. SIR: I have seized your vessel, the schooner Cambridge, of Baltimore, with 105 tons of coal on board, for the use of the Government of the United States, for which I will give you a receipt. The said schooner will be detained here until I receive further instruc- tions from Washington, when you will be allowed the regular pay for detention. Yery respectfully, G. ~ PENDERGRAST, Flag. Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Captain SAMUEL BUCKLER, Commanding Schooner Cambridge. I hereby certify having received and seized for the use of the Gov- ernment of the United States 105 tons of coals on board the schooner Cambridge. G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron,to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, to proceed to Annapolis, Md. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, April 26, 1861. SIR: You will proceed with the steamer Monticello to Annapolis, Md., and, after landing Captain Eagle, return immediately to Fortress Monroe. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant Commanding BRAINE, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello Page 339 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 339 Letter from Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Colonel Dimick, U. S. Army, regarding provisions. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMIBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 26, 1861. SIR: I lSeg leave to inform you that the U. S. S. Monticello arrived here this evening with provisions for this ship with discretionary power to land them at the fort. We are not in immediate want of them and if you need them I will have them landed at the wharf without delay, as the steamer must proceed with dispatches. I would be glad to have an early answer. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Colonel J. DIMICK, U. S. Army, Commanding Fortress Monroe. Letter from commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, to the Secretary of the Navy, regarding restoration to active service of officers who had resigned from the U. S. Navy. Unofficial.] U. S. NAVY YARD, PHILADELPHIA, April 26, 1861. SIR: The exigencies of the service have induced me to avail myself of the gallant offer for duty made to me by Ex-Lieutenant Watmough, and I have sent him on important service to Perryville with two 32. pounder cannon, to cover the embarkation of troops at that point on the Susquehanna. The resignations from the Navy having so painfully increased, it has been reported that the Department may restore permanently or during the war the commissions of officers who left the service with unblem- ished reputations and noted professional efficiency and who have offered their services in the present emergency. Should this be the case, I do not hesitate respectfully to ask that Lieutenant Watmough may be included in these, as he comes nuder all the requisites above mentioned in an eminent degree. I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, S. F. I~u PONT. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, requesting suspension of Department~s orders to Lieutenant Crosby, U. S. Navy. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, U. S. NAVY YARD, Philadelphia, April 26, 1861. SIR: After a considerable delay, your order of the 20th instant to Lieutenant Crosby has been received. Previously, however, I had sent Lieutenant C., on special duty with Commander Steedman, in to keep the line of communication between Perryville on the Susquehanna an Page 340 340 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Annapolis open, and as he is of very great use to Commander Steed- man, and essentially so to the United States, may I ask that for the present his orders be suspended? I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. F. Dix PoNT, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Proclamation of the President of the United States regarding extension of blockade to the ports of Virginia and North Carolina, April 27,1861. Whereas, for the reasons assigned in my proclamation* of the 19th instant, a blockade of the ports of the States of South Carolina, Geor- gia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, was ordered to be established and, whereas, since that date public property of the United States has been seized, the collection of the revenue obstructed, and duly commissioned officers of the United States, while engaged in executing the orders of their superiors, have been arrested and held in custody as prisoners, or have been impeded in the discharge of their official duties without due legal process by persons claiming to act under authority of the States of Virginia and North Carolina, an effi- cient blockade of the ports of those States will therefore also be estab- lished. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- [L. s.] one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty- fifth. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President:. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, for the transfer of that institution to Fort Adams, Newport, B. L NAvY DEPARTMENT, April 27, 1861. Sni: Your several communications, including the dispatch of the 24th, with a duplicate by Lieutenant Simpson, have been received. Yesterday the Department suggested the expediency of continuing the Constitution at Annapolis to cover the landing of troops. There was also a deficiency of men to man her, and I am apprehensive that the Cumberland can illy spare any from her crew at this time. But as she has been sent around to New York, the arrangement of transferring the school for the present at least to Fort Adams, will be consummated. Authority from the War Department for the occupancy of the fort at Newport, and conveyance by the Baltic, have been granted. You will therefore proceed to carryinto effect the transfer of personnel and mate- riel from Annapolis to Fort Adams with as little delay as possible. A * See p. 156 Page 341 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 341 copy of the general orders of the War Department, that Fort Adams is placed temporarily under the control of the Secretary of the Navy for the purposes of the Naval Academy, is herewith transmitted. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain GEORGE S. BLAKE, Annapolis. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to the Secretary of War requesting that Port Adams, Newport, R. I., be appropriated for the use of the Naval Academy. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 27, 1861. SIR: In consequence of the disturbed condition of affairs in Mary- land, and the hostile demonstrations toward authorities of the Federal Government, the naval school at Annapolis has become broken up, and the frigate Constitution with some of the officers and stndents on board has sailed for New York. It is proposed therefore that the personnel and the materiel of the academy be transferred to Fort Adams, Newport, R. I., at least for the present. I have therefore to request that the War Department will authorize the fort to be appropriated for the use of the school until further orders. And I would also request that the steamer Baltic, on her return trip, be authorized to receive on board the officers of the school and their furniture, also the books, apparatus, and property connected therewith, belonging to the Government, and transport the same to Newport. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of Navy. Hon. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. Letter from Commander Steedman, U. S. Navy, to commandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding additional men required. PERRYVILLE [MD.], April 27, 1861. M~ DEAR CAPTAIN: Goldsborough arrived here a few moments ago, but did not bring any men with him, having had to man and arm two tugboats. I am left with only 5 men; I hope you will send me 10 instead of 6, as I requested. From appearances I dont think my presence will be necessary here longer than a week. You have forgotten to send me instructions in case I come in contact with Glisson. It would be extremely mortifying to rue should it so happen that he and myself come in contact and he should claim rank, which of course he has at present a perfect right to do. liespeetfully and faithfully, yours, CHARLES STEEDMAN. Captain Du PONT, U. S. Navy Yard, Philadelphia Page 342 342 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Captain Faunce, U. S. Revenue Marine, commanding U. S. revenue cutter Harriet Lane, to proceed to the mouth of the Patapsco River for the protection of commerce. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, A~ri~ 27, 1861. SIR: The Department has received information that there is a move- ment on foot in Baltimore and its vicinity to seize the large steamer employed as a transport between Annapolis and Perryville, and other vessels in the Government service. You will therefore proceed off the month of the Patapsco, and scruti- nize vessels coming from Baltimore, seizing any that have arms or articles contraband on board, protecting peaceable and loyal citizens, and suppressing hostilities. It will be a special object to keep open the transit between Annapolis and Perryville, which must not be impeded or obstructed. You will report daily, if you have opportunity, your proceedings and the condition of affairs in that vicinity. At an early day I shall expect arrivals to relieve you. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain JOHN FAUNCE, Commanding U. S. Revenue Cutter Harriet Lane. Instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding measures for increase of the naval force. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 27, 1861. SIR: Your communication of the 22d, by Special Messenger Budd, is received, and the course which you have pursued in ordering the liar- riet Lane and the Perry to convoy the transports approved. The Department would have issued similar orders could there have been communication. The general arrangements you have madenot only in regard to these vessels, but othersin compliance with the wishes of the collector for protecting the commerce and guarding the port of New York meet my approval. The emergency was one requiring action, and the assumption of responsibility in the absence of orders and the ordinary means of communication, and your promptitude and energy are commended. In a conversation with the Secretary of the Treasury yesterday he said he would make a transfer of the Corwin and Bibb, and I had pre- viously suggested to him a suspension of the coast survey for the pres- ent. He will, it presume, make a transfer of the vessels that are in New York, and they will come into your custody and supervision as suggested. The letter of this Department authorizing the employment and equipment of ten steamers you will have received ere this. Your suggestion that 8-inch (or smaller) guns be substituted for the 9-inch, provided the latter can not be procured, must be adopted. In regard to seamen, the President has authorized the number to be increased to 25,000, and it is hoped the enlistment will commence with sufficient rapidity to meet the exigencies of the service. Any meas- ures suggested to encourage and promote enlistments will be acceptable. I shall endeavor to procure from the Treasury Departuientbut not, I apprehend, in season for this messengerthe transfer of the coast survey vessels alluded to, and you will proceed to carry out the necessary arrangements Page 343 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 343 The propositiou* of Commander Ward, approved and forwarded by you, has the sanction of the Department, and you will be pleased to lend your efforts to carry the same into immediate effect. It is very desirable that there should be at this time such an armament on the waters of the Chesapeake and its tributaries. Should you, while communication is interrupted, find it necessary to call into service any officers who may be in your vicinity, on leave or retired, you will do so, reporting forthwith to the Department. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,~ WELLES, Commodore SAML. L. BREESE, Secretary Navy. Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Wavy, commanding Home Squadron, of the lack of lieutenants in his command. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 28, 1861. Siu: I beg leave to inform the Department that, owing to the resig- nations of two lieutenants on board of this ship, we are very much crippled, and for an effectual blockade officers of this rank are very necessary. I would also state that, if agreeable to the Department, I would like to have Lieutenant Alexander A. Semmes la ordered here as one of them. , te of the brig Dolphin, I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Rome Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES Secretary of the Navy. Report of Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad. ron, regarding the lack of instructions from the Department. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBEELAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 28, 1861. SIR: I beg leave to inform the Department that I have not received any communication since Flag-Officer Paulding left here, and am very desirous of knowing whether I shall prevent vessels passing either way, including the mail steamers, and whether there is a proclamation issued by the President of the United States in relation to a blockade of the harbors of Yirginia and the Chesapeake Bay. This information is very necessary and will govern my actions here. With the assistance of Colonel Dimick, of Fortress Monroe, I think .1 can effectually block- ade this place. I beg leave also to call the attention of the Depart- ment to my dispatches I Nos. 42,43, and 44, and would like your earliest attention to them. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Rome Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. ~Seep. 420. t See pp. 316, 330, 338 Page 344 344 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, regarding two steamers sent by the Department. U. S. FLAGSHIP OUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 28, 1861. SIR: I beg leave to inform the Department that the two small steam- ers, a8ked for in my dispatch* No. 43, have arrived here, but both with instructions which made it necessary for me to send them to Annapolis. I hope they will be ordered to return here forthwith if the Department desires to establish a rigid blockade. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding movements of vessels. NAVY YARD [NEW YoRK], April 28, 1861. SIR: By Captain Eldridge, who leaves in the Baltic this evening with troops for Annapolis, I have the opportunity to inform you that the Keystone State will leave probably to-morrow. She will convoy three or four transports with as many regiments to within the capes of Virginia. The Niagara is below, and so soon as she gets some slight repairs, which she will receive while lying at the quarantine ground, she will proceed to Annapolis in compliance with your order to Captain Hudson. May I have specific orders in relation to the appointing [of] officers from the civil marine or others in the regnlar service who are or have retired and the disposition I am to make of the chartered steamers as fast as I can get them ready~ Lieutenant Trenchard will take a dis- patch from me for the Department. Does the Department approve my ordering a bounty of $20 for seamen and ordinary seamen ~ Without this I fear we shall want men sufficient. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding condition of U. S. S. Niagara. NAVY YARD [NEW YORK], April 28, 1861. SIR: Since writing my letter, in which I have mentioned matters - somewhat in detail, I have learned sufficieflt of Captain McKean to be satisfied that the Niagara will not be in a situation to go to the Chesa- peake for probably four or five days. She is entirely out of stores and provisions. These will be sent down to her, and when the repairs to her iuml~ and feed pipes are done she will be ready to proceed to Annap- olis. All this, as I have already said, will require some days. In the *Seep. 330 Page 345 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 345 interim her paymaster (Ware) is making up his accounts, etc., and there will be ample time to order one in his stead. I believe Paymaster [G. IR. ~?] Barry is in this vicinity. Paymaster Etting left here for Wash- ington yesterday. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant. lion. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, of the removal of that institution and requesting orders from the Dejpartment for the U. S. ship Constitution to proceed to Newport, B. I. U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, April 29, 1861. Sn~: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th April, directing the transfer of the naval school to Newport, R. I., and am now engaged in packing the library, instruments, and philosophical apparatus, as well as it can be done under existing cir- cumstances, and hope to have all except the larger instruments ready for removal in a very few days. Such as we are compelled to leave will be as carefully secured as possible and placed under the care of the officer commanding the garrison. All the naval trophies, flags, etc., which were deposited in the lyceum of the Academy were carefully packed and sent away in the Constitution. That ship is probably in New York with the students on board, and I respectfully ask that she be ordered to take them to Newport. I have the honor to be, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Superintendent. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Lieutenant Rodgers, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Constitution. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 29, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to report the arrival of the Constitytion at this place with 151 acting midshipmen on board from the Naval Academy. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. W. RODGERS, Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Lieutenant, Commanding. Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Certificate from Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding schooner Satilla. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 29, 1861. This is to certify that I have prevented the schooner Satilla, Captain Orin Lewis, of Norfolk, from Annapolis, bound to Norfolk, from enter Page 346 346 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. ing the said port, and advise that she proceed to some northern port north of Cape ilenlopen. The captain of the said schooner being a citizen of Massachusetts, I desire that he receive due protection from those whom he may come in contact with after leaving this place. G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag Officer, Com?rnanding Home Squadron. Special order from Brigadier-General Butler, U. S. Army, commanding Department of Annapolis, Md, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, com- manding U. S. S. Monticello, discharging him from further duty. SPECIAL ORDERS.] IIDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF ANNAPOLIS, April 29, 1861. SIR: Having detained the captain of the steamer Monticello in the Government service until this morning, the exigency to meet which he was detained haying passed away, he will sail in compliance with his original orders. With many thanks for the alacrity with which he has yielded to my wishes, he is discharged from further service at this Department. By order of B. F. Butler, brigadier-general, commanding, etc.: Captain IIAc~ERTY, Aid-dc- Camp. Lieutenant D. L. BRAINE, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello. Confidential letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pen- dergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding extension of blockade. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 29, 1861. SIR: Your dispatches Nos. 42, 43, and 44 have been received. Pay- master Doran has been detailed to supply the place of Mr. De Bree. I congratulate you on the capture of the steam tug and the schooner with gun carriages on board. As you find the steam tng useful, would it not be well to detain her in your service as a tender until you are better supplied? A quantity of coal has been ordered to Fortress Monroe, and that which you have seized and receipted for will, it is hoped, suffice until you are supplied from Philadelphia or New York. Your vigilance in guarding and protecting the public interests is appre- ciated, and it is important that every suspicious vessel should be stopped, and all having on board troops, munitions, or articles contra- band of war, captured. The President has issued a supplemental proclamation* extending the blockade to the ports of Virginia and North Carolina. In a few days a sufficient force will, I trust, be forwarded to enforce a rigid blockade of the principal ports. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Captain G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Sloop Cumberland. P. 5.You will send the prize schooner George If. Smith to New York. ~Seep. 340 Page 347 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 347 Letter of approval from the Secretary of the Navy to the commandant navy yard, New York. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 29, 1861. SIR: I have received your letter of the 21st instant, informing me that you had directed the Harriet Lane to convoy the transports from New York to Washington. Your action meets with the approval of the Department, and was merely an anticipation of its orders. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore S. L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding measures for increase of naval force. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 29, 1861. SIR: Your several communications of the 24th and 25th are received, stating that you have chartered the Monticello, Mount Vernon, and Huntsville, with the privilege of purchasing. The Department approves your action, and also that of dispatching the Monticello to the Chesa- peake Bay. In relation to seamen, the President has ordered an increaseof 18,000, and in view of the necessities of the case, and that the service will be chiefly in the home squadrons, they may be enlisted for one year. On this subject general orders will be issued to the different rendezvous. The arrangements in regard to the Yankee will, I presume, be accept- able. In my letter of the 23d instant I referred to certain gentlemen as an advisory committee, with whom you might consult. One of the gentle- men alluded to, George D. Morgan, esq., has the special confidence of the Department, and you will advise with him in behalf of the Depart- ment, and as its friend in this emergency, in the purchases you may make, and the extraordinary measures you are compelled to take. It has been gratifying to the Department to witness the promptitude and alacrity that has been exhibited and the service rendered, not only by the gentlemen referred to, but by Mr. Aspinwall and others. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, - G. WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Report of commandant navy yard, New York, regarding officering of vessels. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, April 29, 1861. SIR: I have to inform the Department that the Huntsville, a char- tered propeller, and the Dawn, also a propeller, will be ready for their officers and men to-morrow. I had, under the orders of the 23d instant Page 348 348 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. in the belief that the service of the vessels chartered was wanted imme- diately for blockading, directed Lieutenant Lynch to be prepared to take command of her, and had also selected from the civil service a competent master with three mates. Her engineers are disposed to remain by her; to all of them I proposed to have given temporary acting appointments. If the vessels are required for immediate service, if the Department proposes officering them entirely, they should be here soon. I hope, about every three days, to have one of the remaining seven ready to go to sea. I have informed the Department that I have appointed Lieutenant Braine from the North Carolina to command the Monticello, and given acting appointments to her master, two mates, and engineers. She is now in the Chesapeake. I have given also the appointment of acting lieutenant, temporarily, to Mr Fox, to command the Yankee, a vessel furnished by the committee to cruise in the Chesa- peake, and a masters appointment to her captain and mate; these appointments from me were necessary to give the officers any authority over the men I have put on board her to fight her guns, two 32-pound- ers, with which I armed her, etc. I have also detailed Lieutenant Bankhead to command the Mount Vernon now in progress of being made ready, and am seeking for a commander for the Dawn. I under- stand that Ex-Lientenant P. G. Watmough, of Philadelphia, proposes to come here to offer his services. Shall I give him an acting appoint- ment for the command of the Dawn~ I have had several applications for employment from officers resigned long since. I hope the Depart- ment will recognize the appointments I have made, and either author- ize me to proceed in their manning and officering or inform me if it desires that the vessels shall be kept here until the Department itself furnishes officers for them. It is probable in the present state of affairs that some considerable detention of the vessels might be the conse quence of the latter mode. I have already mentioned that pivot guns could not, in the short time supposed necessary, be prepared for all the steamers, but a part of them will be supplied with 32-pounder carriage guns. The Keystone State left this morning. Your orders to Commander Glasson to proceed to New Bedford arrived here after the Perry, to whose command I appointed him for the occasion, had sailed. I ordered him to return immediately after having seen his convoy safe to Annapolis. He is not yet arrived. The Constitution, Harriet Lane in company, arrived today; the former is at the yard. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BEEESE, iJommandant. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the IVavy. P. S.I have, since writing the above, received by the hands of Mr. Bright your communication of the 27th instant, and will carry out as soon as possible the instructions relative to the flotilla. At present every appliance is used to forwarding the equipment of the ten steamers. Presuming that it will meet the views of the Department, I have ordered Paymaster Barry, at present unemployed, for temporary duty on board the Niagara, to receive and take up the accounts of that ship, as Paymaster Ware desires to leave her here, I believe for the purpose of resigning. S.L.B Page 349 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 349 Letter from William Iii. Aspinwall, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, relative to coal supplies and convoy duty. NEW YORK, Monday, April 29, 1861. SIR: On my daily visit this morning to the navy yard I became more than ever satisfied that the oath should be administered there, and hence the enclosed telegram, which, being late to reach the steam tug from Perryville to Annapolis, it was thought best not to send through Baltimore. 2. Coal at Havana. As Consul.General Shufeldt was hurried off to Havana in the Karnak on Saturday I authorized him to purchase for the U. S. Government all the American coal in Havana, which, from last accounts, was 2,000 or 2,500 tons, and I asked lowland & Aspin- wall to furnish the gold necessary. They consequently placed 1,500 Spanish doubloons in his hands for that purpose. 3. The Harriet Lane is ordered to Aspinwall [New Granada]. She has not capacity to carry coal for the trip, and I ask your permission to modify her instructions, so as to convoy the steamers, of which there are three each month, through the passages between Cuba and San Domingo, which can be easily done by each being at the Mariguana Passage on the 5th, 15th, and 25th of each month, and leaving Cape Folly on the 8th or 9th, 18th or 19th, 28th or 29th, on her return with the homeward-bound California steamer. This would allow the Harriet Lane six or eight days three times a month to visit Havana or Kingston for coal or orders. o [4]. Commodore Breese understands your orders of 26th as with- drawing the authority to officer and man the vessels he is fitting out. Would it not save time to rendezvous as fast as possible at the capes of Virginia for your orders? Very respectfully, yours, W. H. ASPINWALL. [Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy.] Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, in view of the extension of the blockade. NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 30, 1861. SIR: Your communications numbered 45, 46, and 47 have been received. A proclamation was issued on the 27th instant by the President extending the blockade to the ports of the States of Virginia and North Carolina. You will therefore continue to carry out the instruc- tions heretofore given you and interdict all communication with the States that are in insurrection, using for the purpose all the naval force under your command. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WEL~E5. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGUAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Hampton Roads, Va Page 350 350 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding a tender for the flagship. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, April 30, 1861. SIR: One of the small steamers recently seized by the Government has been ordered to join the U. S. ship (Jumberland. It is the intention of the Department that this vessel be employed as a tender to pass between the Cumberland and Fortress Monroe for various necessary purposes, particularly to insure the supply of water for the troops quartered at the fort. She may also be used to guard the approaches from Hampton Roads. You will be pleased to exercise your discretion with reference to her further movements, and apprise the Department at an early date of the success of the plan. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Sloop (Jumberland. Order of Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Acting ]lfaster Germain, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Yankee, regarding supplies. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, A 30, 1861. SIR: You will please inform me as to how many days water, coal, and provisions you have on board. Also when you are in all respects ready for service. Also how you are off for a pilot. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron. Acting Master GERMAIN, Steam Tug Yankee. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Lieutenant Selfridge, U. S. Navy, for a reco~jnoissance. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, April 30, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the steam tug Yankee and reconnoiter the shore from the Rip Raps to Cape Henry and procure all information that may be useful and necessary. Should you meet with any armed or suspicious vessels, you will over- haul them and, if necessary, bring them up and anchor them under the guns of the forts. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Gommanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant THOMAS 0. SELFRIDGE, U. S. Ship Cumberland Page 351 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 351. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, for a reconnoissance. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, April 30, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the U. S. S. Monticello and reconnoiter in the vicinfty of Sewells Point, and procure all information that may be useful and necessary. Should you meet with any armed or suspicious vessels, you will overhaul them and, if necessary, bring them under the guns of the fort. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant Commanding D. L. BRAINE, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello. Request from Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Colonel Dimick, U. S. Army, commanding Fort Monroe, Va., for light ordnance. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMIIERLAND Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 30, 1861. SIR: Will you have the kindness to furnish me with a couple of your light fieldpieces, or howitzers, for arming the steam tug Young America, with the required ammunition. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Colonel DIMICK, Commanding Home Squadron. Commanding Fortress Monroe, Va. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, regarding provisions. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERr~AND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 30, 1861. SIR: You will land the provisions you have on board at Fortress Monroe, reserving a reasonable amount for your own vessel. Inform me when you will be ready for service; also how many days water, provisions, and coal you have on board. I wish great care taken in their expenditure for the present. Also inform me how you are off for a pilot. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag. Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant Commanding D. L. BRAINE, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello Page 352 352 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from ~. 1117. Felton, esq., to Commander Steedman, U. S. Navy, regarding transportation for troops. PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE B. B. Co., Philadelphia, April 30, 1861. The bearer of this, Major Morris, goes down to Perryville by direc- tion of Major-General Patterson, to reenforce Fort Mdllenry. You will furnish him with transport for his men and stores, putting them on board of a launch and armed boat and with reliable men. Having landed them according to General Pattersons orders; the boat will return to Perryville for service between there and Annapolis. Yours, truly, S. M. FELTON. Commander STEEDMAN. Order of Commander Steedman, U. S. Navy, to Lieutenant Crosby, U. S. Navy, to join him at Perryville, Md. PERRYVILLE, April 30, 1861. SIR: On the receipt of this order you will use every dispatch to join me with your command at this point. If Lieutenant Watmough is at Annapolis you will please so arrange with him that both the armed tug- boats are not to be at the same point at the same time hereafter. If General Butler wishes to detain you show him this order. Very respectfully, CHARLES STEEDMAN, Commander, U. S. Navy. Lieutenant CROSBY, U. S. Navy. Report of Commander Ridgely, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alle- ghany, of intended departure of that vessel for Annapolis. U. S. SHIP ALLEGHANY, Off Port Molitenry, Baltimore, April 30, 1861. Sn~: I received your communication of the 26th instant this morning. I will proceed to Annapolis with this vessel in tow of a steam tug as soon as I can procure the moorings of the ship in the harbor, which were slipped when the vessel came to anchor off Fort Mdllenry. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, DANIEL B. RIDGELY, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. G. WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Commander Ridgely, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship Alle- ghany, regarding transfer of troops at Annapolis. U. S. RECEIVING SHIP ALLEGHANY, Off Fort Mcflenry, May 1, 1861. SIR: In consequence of the roughness of the water and the Alle- ghanys rudder being useless I made an ineffectual attempt to hav Page 353 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 353 her towed to Annapolis to-day. I have placed the recruits, seventy in number, on board the light-house schooner Delaware, in charge of Lieutenant Bier, with orders to report to Captain Blake at Annapolis, in obedience to your order received yesterday. The wind is fair and fresh; the schooner will make Annapolis in a few hours. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, IDANL. B. RIDGELY Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Commander. Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, Philadel. jphia, regarding revenue cutter Forward. KAVY DEPARTMENT, May 1,1861. SIR: I have received your letter of the 23d ultimo asking if the revenue cutter Forward now lying at the yard shall be put in an effi- cient condition. This Department has no control over the revenue vessels except when they are temporarily transferred to it from the Treasury Depart. ment. If the Secretary of the Treasury wishes the vessels repaired it can be done at the yard and the expense refunded to the navy appro. priations from those from the revenue service. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain S. F. flu PONT, Commandant Navy Yard, Philadelphia. Report of Flag. Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding eaptured schooner George ill. Smith. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 1, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter under date of April 29, 1861, with the postscript. The schooner George M. Smith is at present under the charge of Colonel Dimick, of Fortress Monroe. I found it necessary to take everything out so as to get at her cargo and inspect it thoroughly, expecting to find guns in the bottom of her, but was disappointed. The gun carriages and such articles as are contraband of war have been taken in charge by the fort, for which Colonel Dimick has receipted. Other articles on board, which are very much needed for the fort, have also been taken and receipted for. I desire to know whether I shall send the schooner as she is or place these things again on board. A careful inventory has been taken of everything landed for the use of the fort. Will that be sufficient to send with her to New York ~ I have the honor to be sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. N W RYOL 42 Page 354 354 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from P. G. Watmough, esq., late lieutenant U. S. Navy, to com- mandant navy yard, Philadelphia, regarding convoy of troops to Fort Mdllenry. PERRYVILLE, May 1, 1861. Sn~: J hear from several reliable sources that the Department has concluded to grant no restorations to our service. You would confer a special favor if you would give me some official notification of the result of the letter you did me the kindness to write about me. By Captain Steedmans orders I have been busily employed in convoying mails and passengers to and from Annapolis, and am now on my return from landing Major [W. W.] Morris and command with provisions at Fort Mdllenry, accomplished with no difficulties. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, PENn. G. WATiVIOUGH. Captain S. F. Du PONT, Commandant Philadelphia Navy Yard. Report of Lieutenant Braine, U. S~ Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monti- cello, regarding provisions. U. S. S. MONTICELLO, Off Fortress Monroe, May 1, 1861. SIR: In reply to your letter of 30th ultimo, I beg leave to inform you that I have landed all the provisions that are at present at hand, and am now ready for service. I have eighteen days coal, full steaming; provisions for one month; water for one month. As regards the pilot of the vessel, Mr. Edwin V. Gager, acting master in the Navy, acts in that capacity. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. L. BRAINE, Lieutenant, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello. Flag-Officer 0-. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding the force under his command. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 1, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I have at pres- ent under my command the flagship Cumberland, steamer Monticello, steamer Quaker City, steam tug Yankee, and steamer Baltimore. I also retain the captured steam tug Young America, and, with the assistance of Colonel Dimick, of Fortress Monroe, have armed her with two light mountain howitzers. With this force, though small, I will endeavor to carry out the views of the Government. I would again respectfully call the attention of the Department to my dispatch No. 46 in relation to lieutenants. It is impossible for me to get along without them. * * * Sentence lost from original dispatch Page 355 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 355 I would be pleased if the Department will comply with my request as soon as possible. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. (I. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding reconnoissance, and transmitting report of Lieu- tenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, and notice of blockade. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMI3ERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 1, 1& 51. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I have sent out reconnoitering parties. A copy of the report of Lieutenant Command- ing Braine, of the Iii. S. S. Monticello, is herewith enclosed. I also sent Lieutenant Thomas 0. Seifridge, of this ship, in the steam tug Yankee to reconnoiter from the Rip Raps to Cape Henry. He reports no bat- tery, but saw a troop of horse to the number of twenty-five near Cape Henry light. I will to-day send the Quaker City as far as Cape Henry to intercept and board all vessels near the capes and warn them off and also a vessel to the mouth of James River and Hampton Creek to reconnoiter there. I beg leave also to inform the Department that I have notified the Norfolk and Baltimore papers of the proclamation of the President and of my determination to carry it out. A copy is herewith enclosed. Also that I have stopped the Baltimore mail and passenger steamboats running to Norfolk and connecting with the South. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEUGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. [Enclosures.] U. S. S. MONTICELLO, Hampton Roads, April 30, 1861. Sn~: In compliance with your order of this date, I have made recon- noissance of Sewell~s Point and up Elizabeth River as far as Bushs Bluff. I find off Sewells Point three wrecks, two of which show above water, and one with jib boom just awash, on which I placed a buoy and sounded over. On passing close alongshore on Bushs Bluff I saw four guns mounted on what appeared to be ships carriages and painted red; also a few men who appeared to be hiding. On the bank to west of Craney Island there is an encampment of about a dozen tents and three small wooden houses. Troops are drawn up on the bank, and to the east of the encampment there appeared to be about three hundred men, in shirt sleeves and otherwise, throwing up an embankment. Near them were guns dismounted. Above Lam Page 356 356 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. berts Point I could see the masts of four vessels sunk in the channeL Saw a steamer going up with a rebel flag. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. L. BRAINE, Lieutenant, Commanding. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERGEAST, Commanding Home Squadron. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMIBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., April 30, 1861. To all whom it may concern: I hereby call attention to the proclamation of his Excellency Abra- ham Lincoln, President of the United States, under date of April 27, 1861, for an efficient blockade of the ports of Virginia and North Caro- lina, andwarn all persons interested that I have a sufficient naval force here for the purpose of carrying out that proclamation. All vessels passing the capes of Virginia coming from a distance and ignorant of the proclamation will be warned off, and those passing Fortress Monroe will be required to anchor under the guns of the fort and subject them- selves to an examination. G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding Home Squadron. Report of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, of the seizure of schooner Sarah and Mary, of Plymouth, N. C. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 1, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I to-day seized the schooner Sarah and Mary, of Plymouth, N. C., from Alexandria, Va., bound to Norfolk, with 75 tons of coal on board, for the use of the Gov- ernment of the United States, for which I have given receipt. 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDEEGRAST, Flag- Otficer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Letter from the Postmaster- General to the Secretary of the Navy, regard- ing the transportation of mails and passengers between Baltimore and Norfolk. WASHINGTON, May 1, 1861. SIR: I wish an order to Commodore Pendergrast to suffer the Balti- more and Norfolk steamers with mails and passengers to pass. The company shall pledge itself not to allow any military movement and no supplies or articles contraband to be covered by this permit, and the vessels shall continue to be overhauled at Old Point and forfeited if this permit is abused. ]Itespectfully, M. BLAIR, Postmaster- General. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy Page 357 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 357 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Gommander Goldsborough, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Union, regarding the duties of that vessel. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 2,1861. SIR: You will prepare to proceed with the Union and cruise off the capes of Delaware for the protectiou of commerce iu that quarter. You will capture any privateers or illegal vessels, detain and examine those that are suspicious or which have armed men, munitions, or articles contraband of war, destined to the insurrectionary States, and report to the Department as often as convenient. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Commander J. R. GOLD5BOROU~H, Secretary Navy. U. S. S. Union. Letter from Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monti- cello, to W. H. Aspinwall, esq., giving account of reconnoissance by that vessel. U. S. S. MONTICELLO, Hampton Roads, May 2, 1861. SIR: Since I bade you good bye at New York I have been actively employed boarding many vessels, as well as having conveyed the bearer of dispatches to Annapolis. I find the Monticello in almost every way adapted for the duty she is upon. On April 30 I made a reconnois- sance of the rebel works on the Elizabeth River at Bushs Point. They have four guns on ships carriages, and at Craney Island I saw a num- ber of soldiers in tents and upward of 500 men busy throwing up earth- works. When I approached, the soldiers formed near fieldpieces. I made a careful reconnoissance and remained upward of thirty minutes near the batteries, but they did not offer to fire. I have written this much, thinking it might be of interest to you after the trouble you took to fit out this vessel, and in addition, I have a request to make. I was sent away from the navy yard with fifty condemned carbines. Do I ask too much in requesting that you will send me an arm that I can depend on ~ I would like fifty Sharps rifles, with plenty of ammunition; also a dozen revolvers. If you can send them by the first steamer sailing for Hampton Roads, to the care of Lieutenant [Charles C.] Churchill, U. S. Army, at Fort Monroe, I would feel much obliged. I write in great haste, and am, with much respect, your obedient servant, D. L. BRAINE, Lieutenant, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello. Mr. W. II. ASPINWALL. Report of Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, stating the need of additional officers and small steamers for his command. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUM]3ERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 2, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to inform the Department that I have this day ordered the steamer Baltimore to Washington with dispatches, and fo Page 358 358 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. the purpose of receiving any dispatches the Department has to send. The Baltimore is short of coal, and I have directed Lieutenant Com- manding West to take in a full supply before leaving Washington, and return to this place forthwith. Any officers the Department has to send a very good opportunity presents itself and I hope will be availed of as I am very much in need of them. I beg leave also to inform the Department that the waters and inlets around here are very extensive and require a great many small vessels to guard them properly. I therefore hope that additional steamers will be sent and provision for coal made without delay. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to prevent erection of batterie8 near Fortress Monroe. Confidential.] NAvY DEPARTMENT, May 2,1861. SIR: It has been reported to this Department on what seems reliable authority that the insurrectionists are erecting batteries near Fortress Monroe. Your particular attention is called to that subject, and you will not fail if in your power of preventing these hostile demonstrations. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Ship Cumberland. Instructions of Flag-Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to Lieutenant Braine, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, regarding duties of that vessel. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, May 2, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the U. S. S. Monticello to where the Balti- more is at present and relieve her for the day and order her to the flagship. You will intercept all vessels passing either way and those who are armed, or of a suspicious character, or who have men on board, you will bring to and anchor them near the flagship. You will also look out for the steam tug Yankee, reconnoitering near the mouth of Hampton Creek, and if necessary come to her relief. Be economical with your coal, and, when not steaming, keep your fires banked. You will return and anchor near the flagship this even- ing at dark. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGUAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Lieutenant Commanding I). L. BRAINE, Commanding U. S. S. Monticello Page 359 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 359 Instructions of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, to commanding officer of the U. S. S. Quaker City, in regard to the blockade. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMEERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, May 2, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the steamer Quaker City, after you have landed your stores at the fortress, as far as Cape Henry and board all the vessels near the capes, and particularly any who look suspicious, endorse their register, and warn them off. Those vessels which may be within the capes, you will bring or send here to be anchored under the guns of the fort. All vessels to or from Maryland will be allowed to proceed. You will remain there until to-morrow morning, and on your return anchor near the flagship. Be economical with your coal and when not steaming keep your fires banked. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. ACTING MASTER OF QUAKER CITY. Order of Flag- Officer. Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Lieutenant West, U. S. Navy, commanding steamer Baltimore, to proceed to Washington, D. C. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 2, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the Steamer Baltimore to Washington with dispatches and on your arrival there report to the honorable Secretary of the Navy. Fill up with coal and await the orders of the Department. After receiving such dispatches as he may confide to you, return forthwith to this place, where your services are much needed. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Sqt~adron. Lieutenant Commanding WEST, Commanding Steamer Baltimore. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding Baltimore and Norfolk steamboats. Confidential.] NAvY DEPARTMENT, May 2, 1861. SIR: You will permit the Baltimore and Norfolk line of steamboats, carrying the mails and passengers exclusively, to pass uiitil further orders. The boats will stop on each trip at Old Point and are to con- tain no troops, provisions, or articles contraband. In case they do you will seize them. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Ship Cumberland Page 360 360 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Letter from Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. Navy, commanding Home AS4uadron, to James Barron Hope, esq., regarding the safety of women and children of Hampton, Va. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 2, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter* of the 1st instant relative to the chartering of a steamboat for the purpose of taking the women and children from Hampton to Norfolk and I regret that I do not feel myself at liberty so to do. I would respect- fully remind you that the women and children of Hampton are not now, nor will they be, in any danger, unless that danger is brought upon them by the acts of the authorities of the State of Virginia, in which case the burden of the responsibility of whatever may fall on the helpless inhabitants of Hampton will rest on them. Very respectftilly, (I. J. PENDERGRAST, F lag- Officer, Commanding Home k5quadron. JAMES BARRON HOPE, Esq., Hampton, Va. Order of commandant navy yard, New York, to Captain MeKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, to proceed with that vessel to Annapolis on transport and convoy duty. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, NAVY YARD, New York, May 2, 1861. SIR: You will, having received the repairs necessary, with your pro- visions and stores, proceed with the Niagara I under your command to Annapolis, taking under your convoy such transports as are prepared to avail themselves of it. You will also receive on board such troops and stores as you may be requested to take by the committee of defense or Major-General Wool, commanding this district, and land them either at Fortress Monroe or Annapolis as required. Small ene- mys steamers, armed, are said to be either off the capes of Virginia or withiu them. Should you meet such (and for such it will be well to keep a good lookout) you will of course seize them. The charterel armed screw steamers Quaker City and Yankee are in Chesapeake Bay. On your arrival at Annapolis report to the Departmefit, sending it a copy of this order. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Captain W. W. MOKEAN, Commanding U. S. S. Niagara. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to commandant navy yard, New York, regarding vessels for increase of naval force. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 2, 1861. SIR: Your letters of the 25,th have been received. You will report the vessels as fast as purchased and equipped. We shall detail com *Not found. Destination of Niagara changed; see p. 155 Page 361 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 361 manders and other officers if possible. The great defection of officers and sudden demand for so large a number of vessels puts us to some inconvenience, but we must spare no effort to meet the emergency. When the vessels are ready, or nearly so, report to the Department the names, capacity, and other necessary details. At present the Department is not prepared to advise the purchase of the Baltic or Vanderbilt. The complement originally ordered is full, or nearly so, and these steamers are of a larger and more expensive description than the service is supposed to require. The Niagara will receive instructions to leave New York as soon as she can be got ready and the Department is confident there will be as little delay [as] practicable in that vessel. It is hoped Commander Ward [will] organize and put iu service his flying squadron as proposed by himself and recommended by you. Very respectfully, GIDEON WELLES. Captain SAMUEL L. BREESE, Commandant Navy Yard, New York. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, to send the Constitution to Newport, R. 1. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 2, 1861. SIR: The Department has received your letter of the 29th ultimo. You will be pleased to give orders to the Constitution, at New York, to proceed with the acting midshipmen to Newport, R. I. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Captain GEORGE S. BLAKE, Superintendent Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Letter from S. C. Hills, esq., to the Secretary of the Navy, suggesting means for an efficient blockade of Southern ports. NEW YORK, May 2, 1861. HONORED SIR: In such times as these it may be that a hint from one who has not the weight of cares on him that you must have may be of use, and I beg leave to offer a plan for the efficient bk~ckade of the seceding States. I think it could be done efficiently with thirty ves- sels, viz: Three at the mouth of the Chesapeake; 3 between Beaufort and Wil- mington; 3 off Charleston; 3 off Savannah; 1 off St. Augustine; 1 oft St. Marks; 2 off Pensacola; 2 off Mobile; 3 at the mouths of the Mis- sissippi; 2 off Galveston; 2 off Matamoras; 5 for relief. Let Newport, R. I., be the headquarters of the blockading fleet, because it is the best place to recruit in health on our coast. lt would be a pleasant resort for our naval officers and the best place for the men to have liberty, avoiding the risk attendant upon having liberty in such places as New York and Boston. Key West should be continued as a coal and provision depot. Let the twenty-five blockading ships proceed at once to their sta- tions, then let one of the five reserves leave Newport in a fortnight, with a mail for the blockading squadron and Key West; this vessel t Page 362 362 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. communicate witli each ship, and when it arrives at Matamoras let it take the place of one of the vessels blockading that port. Let the relieved ship go to Galveston and relieve one at that port; the relieved one at Galveston will relieve one at New Orleans; this one, one of those at Mobile, and so on until one shall be relieved at Norfolk. This will then go to Newport and stay until it shall be her turn to go out as the first and do as the first did. The second reserved ship should leave a week after the first; the third, a week after the second, and so on; so that there would be communication after the first fortnight every week with the squadron. This continual change of station would make an efficient blockade, be pleasant for both officers and men, and keep the ships crews healthy. It wonld keep the Government and others in constant communication with the entire fleet. The outward and homeward bound vessels would be serviceable in arresting straggling vessels hovering near the coast, waiting an oppor- tunity to slip in, and each vessel would be about six months at sea, which is quite long enough. The blockade might perhaps be commenced with two vessels at the ports where I have placed three, but three will eventually be necessary, if the war lasts over six months. We must calculate upon desperate efforts being made at such places, not only to evade, but to destroy the blockading vessels. Trusting that the blockade, whether any of my suggestions are acted upon or ,m ay be efficient and effectual, I am, respectfully, your obe- dient servant, S. C. llu~s. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Report of Commander Ridgely, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. ship A lie- ghany, of the arrival of that vessel off Annapolis, in obedience to orders. U. S. RECEIVING SHIP ALLEGHANY, Off Annapolis, May 3, 1861. SIR: I herewith report the arrival of the Alleghany off Annapolis in obedience to your order of the 26th ultimo. The recruits I dispatched yesterday from Baltimore in the light-house schooner Delaware returned this morning to the Alleghany, Captain Blake informing Lieutenant Bier, the officer in charge, that he had no quarters for them. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, DANIEL B. RIDGELY, Commander, U. S. Navy. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. Report of Superintendent Naval Academy of the arrival of U. S. ship Alleghany at Annapolis. NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, Md., May 3, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to state that Commander D. B. Ridgely has this morning reported to me in command of the receiving ship All Page 363 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 363 ghany. She has seventy-five recruits on board, which he informs me are good men, and I have directed him to take on board two 32-pound- ers mounted upon pivot carriages, which still remain in our battery, and to anchor his vessel in such a position as to command the channel and to cooperate most effectually with the land forces in the defense of the port. The battery of the Aileghany, consisting of eight 8-inch guns, is at the navy yard in Washington, as Commander IRidgely informs me, and I respectfully suggest that it be sent to her with a supply of ammu- nition by railroad or the Anacostia. The Alieghany, with this armament and her present complement of men, would be a most efficient floating battery and add very much to the security of this very important post. I will add that the military commandant of the post fully concurs with me in these views. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. S. BLAKE, Superintendent. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. [Endorsement.] Having consulted Flag-Officer Paulding, I am of opinion that the suggestion of Captain Blake should be acted upon, and respectfully advise the order to that effect to be issued by the Department at once. Very respectfully submitted by ANDW A. HARwoon, Chief of Bureau of Ordnance pro tern. General orders of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, regarding the blockade. GENERAL ORDERS, ~ FLAGSHIP CUNBERLAND, No. 10. May 3, 1861. Special orders for the stations and duties of the vessels composing the blockading squadron will be given by the flag-officer: General instructions. They will intercept all vessels and those with munitions of war or armed men will be captured. Vessels from seaward will be warned off and their registers endorsed. Those vessels bound to ports in Maryland will be permitted to pass with their registers endorsed. All doubtful or suspicious vessels will be ordered to anchor under the guns of the fortress. You will seize all vessels loaded with coal or cotton and anchor them undef- the guns of the fortress. Fishermen and oystermen will be allowed to proceed. G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag- Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding neutral vessels. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 3, 1861. SIR: Application has been made by some of the foreign ministers in behalf of their countrymen having vessels outward bound that instru Page 364 364 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. tions should be given the blockading squadron not to obstruct their exit. In case of blockade a reasonable time is allowed for neutral vessels to depart, usually not less than fifteen days after the blockade is set. Of this fact notice is usually given. You will not, therefore, detain any outward-bound neutral vessel, with or without cargo, until at least fifteen days notice has been given. Very respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDERO-RAST, Commanding U. S. Ship Cumberland. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer .Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding disposition of schooner George M. Smith. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 3, 1861. SIR: The Department has received your dispatches numbered 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52. Jn regard to the schooner George ill. Smith, taken with articles contraband on board, you will, if you have not already done so, take a careful inventory of everything that was on board at the time of her capture, those taken for use as well as those that were not, and send her to New York to be delivered to the U. S. marshal of that district. With the force now in Hampton Roads the blockade can probably be rigidly enforced. A considerable addition will, however, be made to it shortly and an additional number of lieutenants will be ordered. The Department is gratified with your report of the condition of things and the reconnoissances made and to be made. I wrote to you yesterday on that subject in consequence of reports received both at this and the War Departments of hostile demonstrations, the erection of batteries, etc. You will continue to be vigilant, preventing, so far as in your power, hostile demonstrations. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Flag-Officer G. J. PENDERO-RAST, Commanding Home Squadron, Hampton Roads, Va. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding exclusion of fuel from blockaded ports. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 3, 1861. SIR: The seizure of coal that may be passing into the possession of the insurrectionists is essentially important. In these days, when steam is an element of war as well as naviga- tion, it should be an especial object to exclude fuel from their ports. An assistant surgeon will soon reach you. Very respectfully, GIDEON WELLES. Commodore G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Ship Cumberland Page 365 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 365 Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Rome Squadron, regarding transportation of mails and passengers. NAvY DEPARTMENT, 11 ay 3, 1861. SIR: The Postmaster-General is desirous that the mail communica- tion should be continued between Baltimore and Norfolk, and suggests that the Baltimore boats should be permitted to go as far as Fortress Monroe and there land mails and passengers under the supervision of the commandant. It is suggested that a small boat might be permitted to come down from Norfolk and meet and exchange mails and passen- gers with the Baltimore boat; neither boat to receive from the other anything but the mails and passengers. Whether such an arrangement can be made without detriment to the blockade and the public interest is somewhat doubtful, but should you, with all the facts before you, be of the opinion that it may be safely done, the Department will not object to an arrangement until otherwise ordered. It will be attended with some convenience to the squadron and the garrison, and also to per- sons fleeing from danger. The subject is committed to your judgment and supervision. Should the boats carry troops, munitions, or articles contraband of war you will seize them. I am, respectfully, etc., GIDEON WELLES, Secretary Navy. Commodore G. J. PENDERGRAST, Commanding U. S. Ship Cumberland. Order of the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Trenchard, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Keystone State, transmitting request from General Scott, U. S. Army. NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 3, 1861. SIR: You will proceed with the steamer Keystone State early to-mor. row morning to New York and after receiving from the navy yard there the provisions for Washington return with all practicable dispatch to the latter port. Enclosed herewith is a copy of a letter addressed to this Department yesterday by Lieutenant-General Scott. You will be pleased to carry out his wishes as therein expressed with regard to the transportation of certain ordnance stores, etc. During the day you will drop down to the arsenal with the Keystone State to receive the gun carriages, etc., to be sent to Fort Washington and Fort Monroe. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, GIDEON WELLES. Lieutenant S. D. TRENCITARD, U. S. Navy, Commanding U. S. S. Keystone State, Navy Yard, Washington. [Enclosure.] HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Washington, May 2, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to request that the steamer you propose to send to-morrow morning will take on board from the Washington Arsenal some ordnance stores and twenty-six gun-carriages, the former to be left at Fort Washington and the latter at Fort Monroe. While at Fort Monroe I desire the steamer to receive on board six 8-inch Columbiads and 1,200 shot and shells, and then proceed to New Yor Page 366 366 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. for army supplies to be brought (with the guns and projectiles received at Fort Monroe) to this city, should you not fill up the vessel with your own stores. Colonel ID. D. Tompkins, assistant quartermaster-general, whose office is at No. 6 State street, New York, will be instructed to forward such articles as are wanted for our use. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient, WINFIELD SCOTT. Ron. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy. Order of Commandant navy yard, New York, to Captain MeKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, to transport troops to Annapolis. NAVY YARD, May 3, 1861. SIR: I am requested by the committee of defense to furnish trans- port for some few hundred men on board the Niagara* to Annapolis. Should they be sent down to the ship to-day it may be in time to improve the tide; if not the ship must remain over to-morrow. It is desirable also that you take on board some 30 or 40, perhaps more, barrels of provisions and stores. Be pleased to do so and in every way possible facilitate the expedition. Furnish and prepare provisions from the ship for the troops, if required. I furnish you with a copy of a circular from the Navy Department for your government. Do not detain the tug longer than is absolutely necessary alongside. Fery respectfully, etc., SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. [Captain MCKEAN, Commanding Niagara.] Order from commandant navy yard, New York, to Captain MeKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, regarding departure of that vessel for Annapolis. NAVY YARD, BROOKLYN, May 3, 186111 a. m. SIR: I am informed by the general commanding that-the troops that have been expected dailyfrom Rhode Island have not arrived, and should they come to-morrow morning they will be put on board the steamer Columbia and be ready to go with you at 12 or 1 to-morrow. If you hear nothing from them sail to-morrow at the hour you deem proper with respect to the tide. Take on board the troops, stores, etc., that will be sent you perhaps this afternoon, or if not by 10 or 11 in the morning. Very respectfully, etc., SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Captain MOKEAN, Commanding Niagara. Destination of Niagara clianged; see p. 155 Page 367 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTiC COAST. 367 Order of commandant navy yard New York, to Captain McKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, regarding change of destination of that vessel and enclosing instructions from the Secretary of the Navy. COMMANDANTS OFFICE, May 3, 1861. SIR: I forward you a communication from the Navy Department, accompanying a proclamation of the President of the United States. Your destination being thus changed, I have sent to inform the com- mittee that the troops and stores designed to go to Annapolis in the Niagara must be retained by them. The candles you require are sent you by this conveyance. You will sail to-morrow for your last destination. Wishing you a pleasant and prosperous cruise, I am, very respect- fully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, Commandant. Captain [W. W.] MOKEAN, Commanding Niagara. [Enclosure.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 2, 1861. SIR: You will receive herewith a copy of the proclamation * of the President of the United States, ordering a blockade of the ports of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. By a subsequent proclamation the blockade has been still further extended so as to include Virginia and North Carolina. Flag-Officer S. H. Stringliam has been appointed to command the squadron which is to blockade the ports east of Key West and will soon be in Hampton Roads with his flagship, the Minnesota, where he will issue instructions to the force to be placed under his command. In the meantime it is desirable that the port of Charleston, S. C., should be immediately blockaded. As soon, therefore, as the Niagara, under your command, shall be in all respects ready and supplied with coal and provisions, you will proceed with her to Charleston,t and lie off the harbor for the purpose of carrying the blockade into effect, as directed by the proclamation. More minute instructions will be communicated to you by Flag-Officer Stringham when he reaches his station, but until receiving them you will seize and capture all privateers or armed vessels acting under authority or pretended authority of the insurrectionary States, all ves- sels with arms, munitions, or articles contraband of war. Vessels with provisions or coal you will order off, and if they persist iii proceeding or attempting to proceed to the blockaded port after notice, you will capture them and send them to Philadelphia or New York. Neutral vessels will be allowed the usual time to leave port. I am, respectfuUy, etc., GIDEON WELLES. Captain W. W. MCKEAN, Commanding U. S. S. Niagara, New York. * See p. 156. t Destination changed to the Gulf; see p. 155 Page 368 368 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. Report of Captain ]JfcKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U S. S. Niagara, requesting a full complement of officers and men for that vessel. U. S. S. NIAGARA, Quarantine Ground, New York, May 4, 1861. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt last evening of your order of 2d instant. A suppiy of coal and provision has been received on board and I shall sail at noon to-day. I respectfully request that a condenser may be made and sent to this ship. It is essential and can be fitted by the engineers on board. 1 have also to request that a full complement of officers and men may be allowed me. The ship is now short of her complement 2 lieutenants, 1 chief engineer, 1 first assistant engineer, 1 surgeon, 1 passed assist- ant surgeon, 2 midshipmen, 49 seamen, 54 ordinary seamen, 54 lands- men and boys, 7 marines, and 4 coal heavers. A chief engineer can be dispensed with, as Mr. Macomb, first assist- ant, is fully competent to perform the duties of chief, and it would be gratifying to me should he be left in charge. Midshipmen J. D. Marvin and James OKane are fully qualified to discharge the duties of lieu- tenants. Should commissioned lieutenants not be ordered I beg that I may be authorized to give them acting appointments. Of the crew, four only (marines) refused to take the oath to stand by the flag and support the Constitution of the United States against all enemies or opposers. They were transferred to the barracks. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. W. MCKEAN, Captain. Hon. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Cammunication from commandant navy yard, New York, to Captain McKean, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Niagara, with enclo8ure. NAVY YARD, NEW YORK, May 4, 1861. SIR: I enclose for your information a copy of a communication from the State Department. The Peerless is from Lake Ontario, an iron boat of about 400 tons. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAML. L. BREESE, ilommandant. Captain W. W. MOKEAN, Commanding U. S. S. Niagara, at Qaarantine, New York. [Enclosure.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Waskinyton, May 1, 1861. If you have reliable information that the Peerless has been sold or con- tracted for and has beeix delivered, or is to be delivered, to the insur- gents to be used against the United States, seize and bring her into port and detain her there under whatever flag or papers she may bear and refer the parties to this Government. WILLIAM II. SEWARD. COMMANDERS OF NAVAL OR OTHER FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES Page 369 OPERATIONS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. 369 Instructions of the Secretary of the Navy to Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squadron, regarding future duties. Confidential.] NAVY DEPARTMENT, May 4, 1861. SIR: It is expected that Flag-Officer Stringliam, to whom has been assigned the command of the coast blockade, will arrive early next week in Hampton Roads with the Minnesota and immediately enter upon the duty of instituting an actual blockade of the principal ports of the insurrectionary States. As the force placed at his disposal is as yet insufficient, it is desirable that you should remain a period longer with the Cumberland before taking her to New York, where it may be necessary to have her docked, as she grounded in coming down from Norfolk. Recent events have to some extent caused a derangement of plans projected, but it is the purpose of the Department to give you a steamer, in compliance with your request, in order to protect our com- inerce and guard American interests in the lower gulf; particularly at Vera Cruz, Aspinwall, and on the line of the California steamers. In the meantime you will remain in command of the Cumberiand, and afford Flag-Officer Stringham such assistance as he may require in enforcing a rigid blockade. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, Flag. Officer G. J. PENDERGRAST, [GIDEON WELLES.] Gommanding Home Squadron, Hampton Roads, Va. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Captain Ea~fle, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Monticello, to proceed to Cape Henry. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, May 4, 1861. SIR: You will proceed to Cape Henry in the steamer Star [Monticello] and relieve the Quaker City. You will be governed in your movements by general instructions contained in general order No. 10. You will take up a safe position near the Horseshoe or Cape Henry for the night and return to the flagship to-morrow morning by 10 oclock. Very respectfully, G. J. PENDERGRAST, Flag-Officer, Commanding Home Squadron. Captain EAGLE, Commanding Star [Monticello]. Order of Flag- Officer Pendergrast, U. S. Navy, commanding Home Squad- ron, to Acting Master Mather, commanding U. S. S. Quaker City, to pro- ceed to mouth of James River on blockade duty. U. S. FLAGSHIP CUMBERLAND, Off Fortress Monroe, Va., May 4, 1861. SIR: You will proceed in the Quaker City and anchor in the channel between Norfolk and Hampton opposite the mouth of the James Riv